Long Test 1 - Earth Science October 1, 2020

I. Match the following terms with their definitions.

a. universe f. cosmic background radiation

b. red shift g. dark matter

c. big bang theory h. general relativity

d. blue shift i. dark energy

e. Doppler effect j. cosmology

1. _____ an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

2. _____ theory that all matter and energy in the universe exploded 10 to 15 billion years ago and began

expanding in all directions.

3. _____ apparent shift toward shorter wavelengths of light when a luminous object moves toward the

viewer

4. _____ theory of Einstein that matter distorts space

5. _____ sum of all space, matter and energy

6. _____ matter not visible through current methods, but observable through gravitational interactions

between galaxies

7. _____ apparent shift toward longer wavelengths of light when a luminous object moves away from

the viewer

8. _____ steady but faint microwaves from all over the sky

9. _____ reason for the unexplained high speed of galaxies going into outer space

10. ____ the study of the nature, structure, origin and fate of the universe

II. Multiple Choice

1. _____ Space based telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, allow astronomers to see further away
than they can with telescopes on Earth. Seeing more distant objects is in effect equivalent to seeing

a. the edges of the universe c. further back in time.

b. into other universes. d. further forward in time.

2. _____ All distant galaxies are moving away from ours because our galaxy is at the center of the universe.

a. true b. false
3. _____ The _________________ states that the universe began when a dense, hot, super massive singularity
violently exploded.

a. steady state theory c. big bang theory

b. string theory d. big crunch theory

4. _____ Which is NOT evidence to support the big bang theory?

a. red shift of galaxies c. galactic clusters

b. cosmic background radiation d. abundance of light elements (H, He and Li)

5. _____ Why did the solar nebula flatten into a disk?

a. The interstellar cloud from which the solar nebula formed was originally somewhat flat.

b. The force of gravity from the Sun pulled the material downward into a flat disk.

c. As the nebula cooled, the gas and dust settled onto a disk.

d. It flattened as a natural consequence of collisions between particles in the spinning nebula, changing random
motions into more orderly ones.

6. _____ The red shift of distant galaxies show that the universe is ___________.

a. contracting b. expanding

7. _____ Radiation left over from the big bang is called

a. cosmic radio waves c. gamma ray bursts

b. cosmic microwaves background radiation d. cosmic x-ray radiation

8. _____ About how long ago did the big bang occur?

a. 4.6 billion years ago c. 13.7 billion years ago

b. 10 billion years ago d. 100 million years ago

9. _____ The universe is mostly made up of

a. dark matter c. atoms

b. dark energy d. empty space

 10. _____ The first elements that were formed in the universe were?

a. hydrogen and lithium c. hydrogen and helium

b. lithium and helium d. lithium and beryllium

III. Label the formation of our solar system.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

IV. How do the inner planets differ from outer planets in terms of composition, size, and formation?

COMPOSITION SIZE FORMATION

Inner planets

Outer planets

V. Discuss three conditions that make the Earth a living planet.

 Formation of the Universe
Review Sheet
Name ___Key________________________ Date ____________________ Period __________

I. Match the following terms with their definitions.

a. universe f. cosmic background radiation

b. red shift g. dark matter

c. big bang theory h. general relativity

d. blue shift i. dark energy

e. Doppler effect j. cosmology

1. ___e_ an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

2. ___c_ theory that all matter and energy in the universe exploded 10 to 15 billion years ago and began

expanding in all directions.

3. ___d_ apparent shift toward shorter wavelengths of light when a luminous object moves toward the

Viewer

4. ___h_ theory that matter distorts space

5. ___a_ sum of all space, matter and energy

6. ___g_ matter not visible through current methods, but observable through gravitational interactions

between galaxies

7. ___b_ apparent shift toward longer wavelengths of light when a luminous object moves away from

the viewer

8. ___f_ steady but faint microwaves from all over the sky

9. ___i_ unexplained high speed of galaxies going into outer space

10. __j_ the study of the nature, structure, origin and fate of the universe

II. Multiple Choice

1. __c___ Space based telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, allow astronomers to see
further away than they can with telescopes on Earth. Seeing more distant objects is in effect equivalent
to seeing

a. the edges of the universe c. further back in time.

b. into other universes. d. further forward in time.

2. __b___ Is the following sentence true or false? All distant galaxies are moving away from ours
because our galaxy is at the center of the universe.

a. true

b. false
3. __c___ The _________________ states that the universe began when a dense, hot, super massive
singularity violently exploded.

a. steady state theory c. big bang theory

b. string theory d. big crunch theory

4. __c___ Which is NOT evidence to support the big bang theory?

a. red shift of galaxies c. galactic clusters

b. cosmic background radiation d. abundance of light elements (H, He and Li)

5. ___d__ Which fate of the universe do scientist currently believe to be true?

a. open universe c. flat universe

b. closed universe d. accelerating universe

6. __b___ The red shift of distant galaxies show that the universe is ___________.

a. contracting

b. expanding

7. __b___ Radiation left over from the big bang is called

a. cosmic radio waves c. gamma ray bursts

b. cosmic microwaves background radiation c. cosmic x-ray radiation

8. __c___ About how long ago did the big bang occur?

a. 4.6 billion years ago c. 13.7 billion years ago

b. 10 billion years ago d. 100 million years ago

9. ___d__ The universe is mostly made up of

a. dark matter c. atoms

b. dark energy d. empty space

10. __c___ The first elements that were formed in the universe were?

a. hydrogen and lithium c. hydrogen and helium

b. lithium and helium d. lithium and beryllium

III. Short Answer

1. How is the universe like rising raisin bread dough?

As the bread rises, the raisins in the bread move farther apart.

As the universe expands, the galaxies are moving away from one another.

2. How can astronomers infer approximately how long the universe has been expanding?

Astronomers can look at the red shift of the galaxies to determine the rate at which they are expanding.
They use this information to work backward to determine the age of the universe.

3. Scientists think that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. Why?

Dark energy, a repelling force, is forcing the galaxies away from one another as the universe expands.

4. Why do we think that dark matter exists?

The discovery of WIMPS (neutrinos) that are given off of dark matter. Galaxies are rotating at a fast rate
and should fly apart at this rate. Scientist believe that dark matter is holding the galaxies together.