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Lab 10

This document describes Experiment No. 10 which aims to study and manipulate Frequency Modulation using MATLAB. It involves generating FM signals, encoding information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency, and demodulating the FM signal. The tasks are to write MATLAB code for FM modulation and demodulation, perform FM encoding by varying a carrier's frequency, and generate and plot the spectrum of an FM signal modulated with different indices to compare to Bessel function results. The conclusion will summarize the results of the MATLAB experiments on FM modulation and demodulation.

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M. Ahmad Raza
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367 views4 pages

Lab 10

This document describes Experiment No. 10 which aims to study and manipulate Frequency Modulation using MATLAB. It involves generating FM signals, encoding information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency, and demodulating the FM signal. The tasks are to write MATLAB code for FM modulation and demodulation, perform FM encoding by varying a carrier's frequency, and generate and plot the spectrum of an FM signal modulated with different indices to compare to Bessel function results. The conclusion will summarize the results of the MATLAB experiments on FM modulation and demodulation.

Uploaded by

M. Ahmad Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

10
To study and manipulate Frequency Modulation

OBJECTIVE
 To study and manipulate Frequency Modulation using MATLAB.
EQUIPMENT
 Computer System with MATLAB software Installed on it

THEORY

In analog frequency modulation, such as FM radio broadcasting of an audio signal


representing voice or music, the instantaneous frequency deviation, the difference between the
frequency of the carrier and its center frequency, is proportional to the modulating signal.
Digital can be encoded and transmitted via FM by shifting the carrier's frequency among a
predefined set of frequencies representing digits – for example one frequency can represent
a binary 1 and a second can represent binary 0. This modulation technique is known as frequency
shift keying (FSK). FSK is widely used in modems such as fax modems, and can also be used to
send Morse code.
Frequency modulation is widely used for FM Radio Broadcasting. It is also used in
telemetry, radar, seismic prospecting, and monitoring newborns for seizures via EEG, two way
radio systems, Sound synthesis, magnetic tape-recording systems and some video-transmission
systems. In radio transmission, an advantage of frequency modulation is that it has a larger Signal
to noise ratio and therefore rejects radio frequency interference better than an equal
power amplitude modulation (AM) signal. For this reason, most music is broadcast over FM radio.
Frequency modulation and phase modulation are the two complementary principal methods
of angle modulation; phase modulation is often used as an intermediate step to achieve frequency
modulation. These methods contrast with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the
carrier wave varies, while the frequency and phase remain constant.
Modulation
FM signals can be generated using either direct or indirect frequency modulation:
 Direct FM modulation can be achieved by directly feeding the message into the input of
a voltage-controlled oscillator.
 For indirect FM modulation, the message signal is integrated to generate a phase-
modulated signal. This is used to modulate a crystal-controlled oscillator, and the result is
passed through a frequency multiplier to produce an FM signal. In this modulation,
narrowband FM is generated leading to wideband FM later and hence the modulation is
known as indirect FM modulation.

Demodulation
Many FM detector circuits exist. A common method for recovering the information signal
is through a Foster-Seeley discriminator or ratio detector. A phase-locked loop can be used as an
FM demodulator. Slope detection demodulates an FM signal by using a tuned circuit which has its
resonant frequency slightly offset from the carrier. As the frequency rises and falls the tuned circuit
provides a changing amplitude of response, converting FM to AM. AM receivers may detect some
FM transmissions by this means, although it does not provide an efficient means of detection for
FM broadcasts

TASK:
1. Write down the code for Frequency Modulation and demodulation in MATLAB.
2. Perform FM encoding of information in a carrier by varying the instantaneous frequency
of the wave
3. MATLAB Code for Frequency Modulation (FM) with Control of Modulation Index
(mf). Write some additional MATLAB code to find and plot the spectrum. Compare
the spectral values to those computed using Bessel functions.
Conclusion:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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Levels

PLO
Criteria Beginning (1) Developing (2) Accomplished (3) Exemplary (4)
no

Apply Student is unable to apply With instructor/ supervisor’s With instructor/ Student is able to apply all
Procedural described procedure to guidance, student is able to supervisor’s guidance, procedural knowledge to
5 Knowledge to perform activity despite apply some of the described student is able to apply all independently perform
perform an instructor/ supervisor’s procedure to partially described procedure to activity without instructor/
activity guidance. perform activity. fully perform activity. supervisor’s guidance.

Student is able to
Effectively
Student is unable to Student is able to partially Student is able to effectively and
document/
effectively document/ document/ communicate effectively document/ independently document/
10 communicate
communicate performed performed activities despite communicate performed communicate performed
performed
activities despite guidance. guidance. activities with guidance. activities form without any
activities
guidance.

Psychomotor Domain Rubrics


Activity Name  EXPERIMENT No. 10
Group No. 
Student Roll No.

N C PL Domain +
o L O Taxonomy Criteria Awarded Score (out of 4 for each cell)
. O
Apply Procedural Knowledge to perform an
1 4 1 P3
activity
2 5 10 A3 Effectively reported the activity performed in lab

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