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Basic Programming II

This document discusses built-in functions in BASIC programming language. It provides examples of common functions like SQR, INT, ABS, RND, COS, SIN, TAN, ATN, LOG, EXP, and MOD. It also gives examples of using these functions in simple BASIC programs to calculate square roots, find tangents, calculate wages, and more. Assignments are provided at the end to write additional BASIC programs using functions and statements like READ, DATA, and INPUT.

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187 views3 pages

Basic Programming II

This document discusses built-in functions in BASIC programming language. It provides examples of common functions like SQR, INT, ABS, RND, COS, SIN, TAN, ATN, LOG, EXP, and MOD. It also gives examples of using these functions in simple BASIC programs to calculate square roots, find tangents, calculate wages, and more. Assignments are provided at the end to write additional BASIC programs using functions and statements like READ, DATA, and INPUT.

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BASIC PROGRAMMING II

BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
A function is an operation stored in or built in BASIC programming language, which when
issued performs a particular task.
A function may associate with one or more values as inputs and returns only a single value
as output.
BASIC has a number of built-in functions which greatly extend its capability.
1. SQR: the SQR function calculates the square root of a number. E.g.: SQR(9) is 3,
SQR(16) is 4.
Example:
10 REM CALCULATE SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER
20 LET N=100
30 PRINT SQR(N)
40 END
Example: Write a program to find the square root of 3a+2b, if a=2 and b=3.
10 REM CALCULATE THE SQUARE ROOT OF 3A+2B
20 READ A, B
30 DATA 2, 3
40 PRINT SQR(3*A+2*B)
50 END
2. INT: the function INT finds the greatest integer less than or equal to a number. It
discards the decimal part of positive numbers. E.g.: INT(2.7) is 2.
Example:
10 REM EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
20 LET N=6.25
30 PRINT INT(N)
40 END
3. ABS: the ABS function is used to find the absolute value of a number. Absolute value
of a number means the value itself without any sign.
Example:
10 REM FINDING ABSOLUTE VALUE
20 PRINT ABS(-2.8)
30 PRINT ABS(+3.5)
40 END
4. RND: the RND function is a function that gives a random number between 0 and 1.
Example:
10 CLS
20 PRINT RND
30 PRINT RND
5. COS, SIN, TAN, ATN: these functions will find the cosine, sine, tangent and
arctangent (inverse of tangent) of a value.
Example:
CONST PI=3.141593
PRINT COS(PI/4)
PRINT SIN(PI/3)
PRINT TAN(-PI/2)
PRINT ATN(TAN(-PI/2))
6. LOG: it finds the natural logarithm of a number.
Example:
PRINT LOG(28)
PRINT LOG(136)
7. EXP: it is used to calculate the exponential function (raising e to the power of any
value), where the value of e is 2.13
Example:
PRINT EXP(4)
PRINT EXP(-7)
8. MOD: MOD is means remainder. It is a function used to find the remainder when a
number is divided by another.
Example:
PRINT 15 MOD 4
PRINT 32 MOD 7

BASIC NOTATIONS
2
1. x= √
b −4 ac
2a
=SQR(B^2- 4*A*C)/2*A
x− y
2. x+ y
=(X-Y)/(X+Y)
3. ( a+ b ) +c ÷sin d

=(A+B) + C/SIN D
4. ex2+y – Sin (x +ny)
=EXP(X^2+Y) - (SIN(X+N*Y)
5. b=1/4ac
B=1/4*A*C

SIMPLE BASIC PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS


1. To find the square root of numbers within a given range.
10 REM PROGRAM TO FIND SQUARE ROOTS
20 INPUT “ENTER FIRST NUMBER OF RANGE”; A
30 INPUT “ENTER LAST NUMBER OF RANGE”; B
40 FOR I=A TO B
50 PRINT “THE SQUARE ROOT OF”; A; “IS”; SQR(A)
60 NEXT A
70 END

2. To find square root, S, rounded up to an integer.


10 REM FIND SQUARE ROOT
20 INPUT “ENTER NUMBER”; A
30 S=INT(SQR(A))
40 PRINT “THE SQUARE ROOT S ROUND OFF OF”; A; “IS”, S
50 END

3. To find the cosine of known values.


10 REM FIND COSINE OF VALUES
20 INPUT “ENTER NUMBER”; A
30 S=SIN(A)
40 PRINT “THE SINE OF”; A; “IS”; S
50 END

4. To find the tangent of a given value.


10 REM FIND TANGENT OF A VALUE
20 INPUT “ENTER NUMBER”; A
30 S=TAN(A)
40 PRINT “THE TANGENT OF”; A; “IS”; S
50 END
ASSIGNMENT
1. Write a program in BASIC to calculate the average score of students that offered six
subjects in an examination using READ and DATA statement.
2. Using INPUT statement, calculate the wages of a company’s employees (W= No of
hours X Rate).
3. Write a program in BASIC to calculate the discount that accrues to a customer for
buying items from a supermarket, using READ and DATA statement.
4. Write a program in BASIC to output (print) the Names, Age and Sex (Surname first)
of 5 students using READ and DATA statement.
5. Write a program to print the school name, Address and State of ten schools, using
READ and DATA statement.

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