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Module 4 ELectrical Circuit in Building (Part1)

This document provides an overview of electrical distribution systems in buildings. It discusses the key components of a building's electrical system including the service entrance, meters, feeders, mains, and single versus three phase electricity. The service entrance can be overhead or underground and delivers energy from the electricity supply system. Meters are used to measure electricity usage and are often located outside buildings. Feeders and mains distribute power within the building from the service equipment. Single phase systems use 2 or 3 wires while three phase systems use 3 or 4 wires and are better for larger loads. Diagrams are included to illustrate the layout and connections between these various system components.

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John Paul Liwaliw
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Module 4 ELectrical Circuit in Building (Part1)

This document provides an overview of electrical distribution systems in buildings. It discusses the key components of a building's electrical system including the service entrance, meters, feeders, mains, and single versus three phase electricity. The service entrance can be overhead or underground and delivers energy from the electricity supply system. Meters are used to measure electricity usage and are often located outside buildings. Feeders and mains distribute power within the building from the service equipment. Single phase systems use 2 or 3 wires while three phase systems use 3 or 4 wires and are better for larger loads. Diagrams are included to illustrate the layout and connections between these various system components.

Uploaded by

John Paul Liwaliw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EU 1

ENGINEERING UTILITIES
Prepared by: Engr. Jennica B. Dagdag
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IN BUILDING
(PART 1)

This section covers electrical distribution systems in building.


• How electricity is moved from utility to a convenience outlet
in a room.
• How to estimate or sizing the conductor wires and over
current protective devices in buildings
SERVICE ENTRANCE
The conductor and equipment for
delivering energy from the
electricity supply system to the
wiring system of the premises
served.

Service Entrance is either:


1. Overhead service
2. Underground service
Most of buildings Service Entrances are
connected to the secondary line low
voltage below 600 volts. The Service
entrance can be 2, 3, or 4 wires
including a grounded neutral wire.
Service entrance may be 2 wires of
120/240 volts or 4 wires with 120/208 or
277/480 volts for lager installation. In
each case, the size of the service wire
Varies from 60, 100 or 200 amperes
depending upon the demand load,
but generally, the 2-wire service
entrance, does not exceed 60
amperes.
OVERHEAD SERVICE
• Overhead wires extend from a
pole-mounted distribution
transformer to the building’s
service entrance and are
generically referred to as the
service drop.
• Common type of service wire
installed by electric power
supply companies for industrial,
commercial and residential
houses.
UNDERGROUND SERVICE
• Underground (buried) service
entrance conductors are
typically called the service
lateral.
• Overhead service entrance
conductors extending from
pole-mounted transformers
• A low voltage cable is not
advisable.
ELECTRIC SERVICE METERING
• Electric Meter is generally installed
✓ outside the building at the property line
wall
✓electric post for ready access to the
meter reader, making it more difficult to
tamper or to install jumpers.
• For multi-door services such as
apartments and commercial
establishments, the use of a master
metering is preferred.
• A battery of meters are installed in a
central meter room or reserved space,
to facilitate the meter reading and
making it a one stop affair.
METERING FOR
MULTI-OCCUPANCY BUILDING
One Line Diagram
COMBINATION METER AND SERVICE CABINET FOR
OVERHEAD OR UNDERGROUND SERVICE
FEEDER

All circuit conductors between


the service equipment or the
generator switchboard of an
isolated plant, and the final
branch circuit over current
device.
1. On large installation, each floor is provided
with one feeder.
2. In small installation, 1 or 2 feeders is
satisfactory.
3. Feeder for electrical motor shall be
independent and totally separated from the
light circuits.
FEEDER IS 4. Feeder& requiring more than 50mm (2')
diameter conduit pipe should not be used.
INSTALLED UNDER 5. Feeders shall be sub-divided if there are
THE FOLLOWING several bends or offsets on the line. A 50 mm
CONSIDERATIONS: conduit pipe is the largest diameter that
could be economically used.
6. Feeders radiating from the distribution
panel, shall be provided each with a
properly rated switch and circuit breaker.
7. Good practice dictates that, feeders and
main shall be installed inside a conduit pipe
as it carries high voltage that requires
special protection.
THE MAIN

The Main is a feeder


interior wiring extending
from the service switch;
generator bus, or
converter bus, to the
main distribution center
or electric service
equipment.
1. The Service Equipment should be
centrally located to shorten all home runs.
Branch circuit run in excess of 30 meters
will have an excessive voltage drop.

LOCATION
2. Accessible and convenient to
OF THE approach.
SERVICE
EQUIPMENT
3. ln residential houses; it is located near
the heaviest load center such as the
kitchen and the laundry area.
MAIN AND
SUB-FEEDER
Where:
LP – Lighting Power
PP – Power Panel
G – Gutter
CT – Current
Transformer
TYPICAL POWER
RISER DIAGRAM

• When this type of


data is presented
showing the
spatial relations
between
components, it is
called Riser
Diagram.
SINGLE AND THREE PHASE
ELECTRICITY
• Transformers are used in transmitting and distributing power from the power
plant to a substation.
• The operation of a large commercial installation depends on power
distribution that, in turn, depends on transformers used to change voltage,
current, and phase of electrical power nearby and within a building.
• Building transformers are rated in kVA. Typical sizes used in buildings include
3, 6, 9, 15, 25, 30, 37.5, 45, 50, 75, 112.5, 150, 225, 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500
kVA, and larger.
Every transformer
comes with a
nameplate that
typically identifies:

Required
Primary and Impedance (if 25 clearances (if it
Rated kVA
secondary voltage kVA or larger) has ventilating
openings)
A Single Phase alternating current
(AC) can either be 2 or 3 wires.
The common electrical circuit
SINGLE serving residential building is the
two wires receptacle circuit that
PHASE feed the ceiling and the wall plug.
The service entrance is sometimes
3 wires circuit written as, 3-wire
120/240 volt 60 hertz.
Triple Circuit.

The lighting and outlet loads are connected


between any phase leg and a neutral line.

Machineries arid other bigger loads are


THREE PHASE connected to the phase leg only.

The three-phase system is used in buildings where


the load exceed 50 Kva., or Where it is required for
bigger load such as motors and machineries.

The neutral conductor of a three-phase system,


although common to all three-lines, only carries the
unbalanced current.
Advantages of Three Phase System
1. The 120 volt is lighting and receptacles outlet only.
2. The 240 volt fore bigger loads.
3. Voltage drop is lower.
4. Smaller wire is used.

The 3-Phase conductor wire are color coded


a. Neutral - white or gray
b. First Hot line A - black
c. Second Hot line B - red
BLOCK
DIAGRAM

• This type of presentation


is called Block Diagram
wherein the major
components are
represented by
rectangles or blocks.
POWER SERVICE
Type of Building Phase Maximum
Power
For small dwelling 120-volt single phase 12kVa
(2-wires up to 100 amperes)
For residential and small 120/240-volt single phase 96kVa
commercial services (3-wires up to 400 amperes
Normal urban 3-phase 120/208 volt 3-phase 900kVa
service for commercial (4 wires with a maximum load
buildings not exceed 2,500 amperes)
Service for commercial and 277/480 volt 3-phase 2000kVa
industrial building (with (4 wires with a load not to
larger loads and heavy exceed 2,500 amperes
motors)
SYSTEM AND UTILIZATION
VOLTAGE
The System Voltage is the power supplied by company like Meralco,
Beneco and Electric Cooperative or what the transformer produces.
Utilization Voltage on the other hand, is the current being utilized after
some normal voltage drop.
SYSTEM UTILIZATION STANDARD VOLTAGE
END

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