BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS SYMBOLS AND

APPLICATIONS
S.NO Name of Symbols Function Applications
Component
1 Resistor It restrict the flow It is used in all circuits
of current in
circuits.
Unit: Ohm
2 Inductance This can be stored Used In Relays
the energy inform Tuned Circuits
Magnetic field. Hartley Oscillator
Blocks AC signal
pass the DC
signal.
Unit:Henry
3 Capacitance capacitor stores Couplers
electric field. Filters
Blocks DC signal Colpitts Oscillator and tuned
,pass the AC circuits
signal.
Unit:Farad
4 Transformer Two coils of wire Used in EB
linked by an iron
core.
Transformers are
used to step up
(increase) and step
down (decrease)
AC voltages.
Energy is
transferred
between the coils
by the magnetic
field in the core.
There is no
electrical
connection
between the coils
5 wire It pass current To connect the circuits.
from one part of a
circuit to another.
4 Ammeter An ammeter is Measurement of current in
used to measure circuits
current.

5 Volt meter A voltmeter is Measurement of Voltage in

used to measure circuits
voltage.
8 Open circuit No current flow, -
voltage is infinity,
impedance high.
9 Short circuit Current flow -
,voltage is zero,
Impedance is low.
Current is infinity

10 Motor It converts Fans,

electrical energy Turbines
to kinetic energy Trucks ,robots ,paper mills
(motion).
11 Ground It is also called Used in circuits and Homes
Earthing.
To avoid electrical
hazards from
mains.
12 Fuse It will melt when circuits
specified limit of
values is exceed.

13 Antenna Transmit and Communication

receive EM Television
signals.
14 Battery It supplied the Car, Inverter,
energy All storage purpose.

15 Loud Speaker Loud Speaker Audio systems

converts electrical
energy to sound.

BASICS OF DIODES AND TRANSISTORS

S.NO NAME SYMBOLS Functions APPLICATIONS
1 Diode It conduct the current Power supply
in only one direction. circuits
PN Junction Diode Rectifier circuits
Have holes and
electrons.
Forward Bias:
depletion layer
width is reduced.
Reverse Bias:
Depletion layer
width is expand.
Breakdown Occurs.
P2 Zener diode It is similar As a voltage
to PN Diode and regulator, voltage.
heavily doped.
It allows current flow Used to shift
in backward when voltage.
certain voltage
reached. Over Voltage
Protector.

3 Diac Terminals:MT1,MT2 Light dimming

(Diode A.C. Three layer circuits
Switch) bidirectional device. Motor speed
control
Triggering of triac
Temperature
control
4 TRIAC Terminals: Heater and Phase
(Triode A.C Gate,MT1,MT2 control
Switch) Combination of Two Light dimming
SCRs connected in control
parallel but in Speed control of
opposite direction. motor
It operated in Static switch turn
Forward or reverse an AC power
bias.
Four Layer
semiconductor
device.

Modes:
Four modes of
operation.
Mode 1(act as SCR)
and mode 4 is
normal mode.

5 SCR SCR(silicon Over Light

Controlled Rectifier)
detector
It PNPN connection.Static Switches
Motor control
Terminals: Battery Charger
Gate,Anode,Cathode Heater and phase
circuits
Speed controls.
6 Varactor terminals: Used in FM
Diode Anode, Cathode modulation and
parametric
It is reverse biased amplifier.
PN junction with High frequency
suitable and automatic
concentration of frequency control
impurity. device.
It gives Negative Adjustable band
resistance pass filter.
characteristics.

Voltacap or varicap

7 Tunnel Impurity Ultra High Speed

Diode(Esaki concentration is switch and
Diode) higher 10^3 parts of amplifier.
tunnel Relaxation and
microwave
Terminal: Oscillators.
Anode, Cathode Logic memory
storage device
It gives negative
resistance
characteristics.
8 Photo Diode Light energy into Demodulator
electrical energy Encodes,
(Resistance). Light detectors
systems

9 LDR It converts Light Used in Circuits

energy into electrical applications
energy.

10 LED Electro Optical

Luminescence is Communication
principle. and image sensing
Electrical energy to circuits.
light energy. Burglar alarm
system
Input power to
lasers
11 PIN Diode Intrinsic layer is Microwave
insulated between switches.
PN junctions.so it is
called PIN diode.
Anode cathode
12 BJT(Current A transistor amplifies Used as Amplifier
Controlled current.
Device) It can be used with
other components to
make an amplifier
or switching circuit.

13 PNP BJT Terminal :Base, Used as Amplifier

Collector, Emitter
Biasing:
Active,
Cutoff,
Saturation

Major carrier for

PNP:
Holes

Configuration:
Common Emitter
Common base
Common collector

14 NPN BJT Terminal :Base, Used as Amplifier

Collector, Emitter

Biasing:
Active,
Cutoff,
Saturation

Major carrier for

NPN:
Electrons
Configuration:
Common Emitter
Common base
Common collector
15 N JFET:Junction Field Used as buffer
JFET(Voltage Effect transistor. amplifier and
Controlled chopper,sample
Device) Terminals: and hold circuits.
Gate, Source, Drain Cascade
amplifiers,
N JFET Carrier: FM and TV
Electrons receivers.

Configurations
Common gate
Common Drain
Common Source

16 P JFET Terminals: Used as buffer

Gate,Source,Drain amplifier and
chopper,
N JFET Carrier: sample and hold
Holes circuits.
Cascade
Configurations amplifiers,
Common gate FM and TV
Common Drain receivers.
Common Source

Operated at depletion
mode only.

16 N-MosFET Metal Oxide High end audio

semiconductor FET and Power
or Insulated Gate applications.
FET(IGFET)

N Type have P
substrate.

Mode:
Enhancement
Depletion
17 P MOSFET P Type have N High end audio
substrate and
Power
Mode: applications.
Enhancement
Depletion
18 Photo Smoke Detector
transistor Light energy into Infrared receiver
Electrical energy.
 Terminals: CD players and
Base laser
,Emitter,Collector Opto Isolators,
Security systems

19 OPAMP Operational Instrumentation

Amplifier Amplifier.
It amplifies weak Voltage follower
electric signal. and many circuits
It is a integrated implementation.
circuit.

Basics Of Digital Circuits

S.N NAM SYMBOLS Functions Truth Table
O E And
Application
1 OR It perform
Addition
operation.

2 AND It perform
the
multiplicatio
n.
3 NOT It reciprocal
of given
value

4 NOR It perform
inverse of
OR operation

4 XNO It perform
R inverse of
EX-OR.

5 NAN It perform
D Inverse of
AND

6 EX- One of input

OR is high It
output also
High.

7 D Flip Direct Flip

flop Flop
 8 T Flip Toggle Flip
flop Flop

9 SR Set Reset
Flip flop

10 JK Inventor of
JK flipflop
Jack kilby

Note: NAND and NOR is called Universal gates