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Chapter 1 Distillation-Part 2 - 21oct2020

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40 views12 pages

Chapter 1 Distillation-Part 2 - 21oct2020

Uploaded by

CaratsSVT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distillation

NA Zubir, Dr
Outline
5. Continuous distillation (fractionation)
5.1 Description of process

5.2. Reflux ratio


fgchfhfjfgjf
5.3. Calculation of theoretical stages
- McCabe-Thiele Method
- Lewis-Sorel Method

5.4. Overall plate efficiency & minimum reflux


ratio
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Course
Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students
should be able to:

i. Apply separation process principles of


unit operation in solving
chemical/environmental engineering
problems (C3).
ii. Explain the solutions of complex
chemical/environmental engineering
problems using separation process
principles (C6).
iii. Explain the solutions of complex
chemical/environment engineering
problem using the principles of
separation process design (C6).

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Course Learning
Outcomes
Students should be able to:

i. Explain the concept of fractionation


distillation, VLE, reflux ratio, theoretical
stages & overall plate efficiency.
ii. Calculate the equilibrium compositions
and mass flowrates of the outlet
streams, no of stages, reflux ratio of
distillation column for given problems.
iii. Explain the solutions of complex
chemical/environmental engineering
problems using separation process
principles (i.e. distillation).

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Description of fractionation distillation
Example of illustration inside the column

The fractionator consists of


many trays which have holes to
permit the vapor, V which rises
up from the lower tray to bubble
through and mixes with the
liquid, L on the upper tray and
equilibrated, and V and L stream
leave in equilibrium.

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Description of fractionation distillation
Example of illustration inside the column

During the mixing, the vapor will pick up more of component 1


from the liquid while the liquid will be richer with component 2.
As the vapor rises further up, it becomes richer and richer in
component 1 but poorer with component 2.

Conversely, as the liquid falls downwards, it becomes poorer


with 1 but richer in 2.

Thus acquires bottom product and an overhead product of


higher purity in comparison to those obtained by single – stage
simple batch or flash distillation.

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6
Description of fractionation distillation
Industrial example (3.46 MW) Rmin=1.708
Optimal ratio of R/Rmin = 1.1 to 1.5
R=2.215
(124 kPa)

1/2 = 2.52
(360K)
(133 kPa)
(379 kPa, 419K) Distillation of a binary mixture of benzene and toluene.
0.1 psi/tray
(0.69 kPa/ tray)
Overall tray efficiency = 80%
1/2 = 2.26

(141 kPa)
(2.94 MW)

(395 K)
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Distillation of a binary mixture of benzene and toluene (Seader, 2011). 7
Reflux Ratio (R) Ratio of flow rate of liquid has returned (L) to the distillation
column from reflux drum to the flow rate of the amount of
distillate (D) is removed
R = L/D
1) Total reflux (R =); Min no of stages

Rwwe Frenske eq.

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8
Reflux Ratio (R)
2) Minimum reflux ratio (Rmin); infinite no of stages

𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝐷 − 𝑦 ′
=
𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 1 𝑥𝐷 − 𝑥 ′

𝑑Rwwe

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9
Reflux Ratio
3) Optimum reflux ratio (Rop); optimal no of stages

Total R < Rop < Rmin

1.1Rmin - 1.5Rmin

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10
Q&A

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Thank You

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