A Seminar Report

on
CENTRALIZED MONITORING OFTHE
POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES
submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements
for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICSENGINEERING

by
BUSIREDDY VARSHINI
17121A0231
Under the guidance of
Dr. K. SURESH, M.E., Ph.D.,
Associate Professor,
DEPARTMENT OF EEE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE 
A. RANGAMPET,TIRUPATI–517102 
INDIA
2019 – 2020
 SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENG INEERING CO LLEG E
(An Autonomous institution affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu)
Sree Sainath Nagar, Tirupati-517 102.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report on the Seminar entitled “CENTRALIZED MONITORING
OF THE POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICES” submitted by BUSIREDDYVARSHINI
(17121A0231) to Department of EEE, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, an
autonomous institution affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur,
Ananthapuramu in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor
of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, is a Bonafide work carried out
and submitted by him under my supervision.

Supervisor: HOD:
Dr. K. SURESH, M.E., Ph.D., Dr. M. S. SUJATHA, M. Tech., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor Professor
Department of EEE Department of EEE
Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College
A. Rangampet. A. Rangampet.

Place: Tirupati

Date: 04.12.2020

II
BUSIREDDY VARSHINI
Roll No.: 17121A0231
B. Tech. Student

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the seminar report entitled “CENTRALIZED MONITORING OF

THE POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES” has been submitted by me under the guidance
and supervision of Dr. K. Suresh, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati. This work /
report has not been submitted either for the award of any degree or any other similar title.

Place: (BUSIREDDYVARSHINI)

Date:

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my gratitude to beloved Principal Dr. P. C. KRISHNAMACHARY, M. Tech.,

Ph.D., and the Management of SVEC for providing all the facilities in completing seminar
course successfully. My heartfelt thanks to all my Teachers in the department of EEE of
Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College for their moral support and good wishes.

I am very much thankful to Dr. M. S. SUJATHA, M. Tech., Ph.D., Professor and HOD,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for her guidance, constant
encouragement and support.

I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to Dr. K.SURESH, M.E., Ph.D.,
Associate Professor, Department of EEE for his valuable guidance and constructive
suggestions made at various levels of the work.

Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my parents, faculty, friends, one and all
those who guided, inspired and helped me in completion of my seminar coursework.

BUSIREDDY VARSHINI

IV
 ABSTRACT

Centralized monitoring of the power supply system enables monitoring of the operation of all
devices in the system. In addition to monitoring individual devices operation, the operation of
passive elements, which together with the power electronics devices constitute the power
system, are also monitored. The operation of these devices is automatic and they are remotely
controlled. The sources of centralized monitoring are electronic devices. Microprocessor
control units are used to control power production and perform remote control and power
electronic converters are used to control power flow. So, monitoring of many different kinds
of power electronic devices is required. With the implementation of derived alarms, such as
organized, centralized monitoring increases there liability of the power electronics devices
and other systems in the power system and enables the responsible sector to prevent
interruptions in the operation of equipment by preventive maintenance.

Managing power electronics devices represents switching ON or switching OFF of the

monitored devices or modules and adjusting the operating parameters of the power supply
device from the remote monitoring center. It is estimated that with such organized remote
monitoring, the total costs of installation and maintenance of the power system can be
reduced by 16% which is more beneficial.

V
 CONTENTS

Page
S.No. Title
No.
Abstract V
List of Abbreviations VII
List of Figures VIII

Chapter 1 Monitoring 9

1.1 Introduction 9

1.2 Importance f Monitoring 10

1.3 Power Electronics Devices Monitoring 10

1.4 Types of Monitors 14

Centralized Monitoring of Power electronics devices 16

Chapter 2

2.1 Levels in Monitoring 17

2.2 Benefits of centralized monitoring 21

Chapter3 Conclusions 22
References 23

VI
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS DESCRIPTIONS

RMT Remote Monitoring Technology

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

GPRS Global Pocket Radio Service

AC Alternating current

DC Direct current

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure N Title Page No

1.1 Block diagram of power system 2

1.2 DC voltage at the output of the converter 4
1.3 Output voltage observed in oscilloscope 4

2.1 Power system with remote monitoring and control device 8

2.2 Basic user application 10
2.3 Representation at the level of the peripheral object 11
2.4 Representation of data obtained from the 12
microcomputer within the monitored devices

VII
 CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction
In cooperation with the increasing numerous users, according to their needs an optimized
monitoring system is to be installed. The various users are power generation and distribution
companies. About six hundred devices designed for remote monitoring and control of power
electronics devices have been installed so far. The method of realization of the power electronics
devices monitoring and control and about the observed problems in the operation of the power
supply system can be minimized to maximum extent with the centralized monitoring. The analysis
is conducted using the data collected on-site, in the system operation, real time, through dedicated
monitoring devices. With the analysis and organization of remote monitoring and control it is easy
to obtain lossless transmission. Solutions aiming to provide better (faster, more technically
efficient, more economically efficient) operation of monitoring sectors have been proposed. The
main purpose of the monitoring system is to reduce the interruption time of the energy consumers
due to malfunction of power electronics devices, but also to increase the working efficiency of
themaintenancesectors.Thisprocessproposessomeobservedshortcomingsinthetypical organization
of remote monitoring of power electronics devices and suggests one solution for the organization
of remote monitoring and control. It is optimized when compared to existing monitoring sectors.
In addition to monitoring the certain power system elements operation, the realized solution
monitors is the interaction with the devices, so the monitoring sectors can prevent interruptions in
the operation of power systems by timely intervention.

The aim of centralized monitoring is to enable monitoring of the operation of devices in the power
system. To improve the power quality, it is necessary to know what kind of disturbances occurs in
the system. A monitoring system that is able to automatically detect, classify disturbances in the
transmission is thus required. Entire power system is installed with a single monitoring unit. This
unit receives and records the output data from each and every device used to build up the power
system and indicates the error or fault in the form of alarm so that the operator can detect the error
and rectify it within no time.

8
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING

 Equipments like rectifiers, converters cause voltage disturbances.

 Some equipment has become more sensitive to voltage disturbances.
 Increased emphasis on efficiency and reliability at a limited cost.
 Nearly more than 20% of the power quality problems are due to disturbance caused by
the equipments.
 So monitoring of these equipments is very much necessary.

1.3 POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES MONITORING

Figure 1.1 Block diagram of power system

Remote Monitoring Technology (RMT) is one of the key factors for servicing the system.
Although servicing has been the subject of intensive research for years, the role of RMT in this
field is less explored. Power systems consist of energy converters and elements that connect
energy converters to energy sources and energy consumers. Block diagram of a power system is
shown in the Figure1.1.
9
Energy converters convert energy from

 Alternating input voltage into direct output voltage (AC-DC converters).

 Direct current from one level in the direct current of another level (DC-DC converters)

 Direct voltage in alternating voltage (DC-AC converters -inverters)

In addition to energy converters, the components of the power system are

 Assembly of AC distribution: connects energy converters with alternating energy

sources (power distribution network or generator).
 Assembly of DC distribution: connects energy consumers with basic DC power sources
and a spare power source (the most common accumulator).

Energy converters and generators are complex devices and usually have a micro-computer
which, in addition to monitoring the operation of the device itself, can also have the remote
monitoring function. On the other hand, AC and DC distributions consist of passive elements,
so most often there is no monitoring of these elements operation. This practically means that it
is a realistic situation that none of the monitored devices sends an alarm to the monitoring
sectors, regardless of the power system is defective. The organization of the power electronics
devices monitoring through the microcomputer, which is an integral element of energy
converters, cannot supervise the power electronics system, but only certain elements.

Another problem of the described monitoring approach is that microcomputers used for the
control of power electronics devices are not a good solution for power electronics devices
monitoring. Monitoring is not their basic function, so the data obtained in this way are not
reliable. If the data is not reliable, the responsible sectors may make the wrong decisions.
Figure.1.2 shows the shape of the voltage at the output of one AC/DC converter, for which the
monitoring devices how that the DC voltage at the output of the converter is190V, in the range
of regular values (187V to242V).

10
 Figure 1.2 DC voltages at the output of the converter
From the oscilloscope image, it is obvious that the DC voltage at the output of the converter
changes within the limits of 50V to 300V and it is beyond the permitted limits. The mean value
of the voltage measured by the oscilloscope is the same as the value obtained using the
microcomputer in the device (190V). However, the shape of the voltage shown on the
oscillogram requires the urgent intervention of the monitoring sectors, while the data obtained
from the microcomputer indicate that no intervention is needed.

Figure 1.3 Output voltage observed in oscilloscope

Another example is shown in Figure 3. The measurement was done with an oscilloscope with a
probe that introduced a10-drop attenuation on a serial resistor of 10 mΩ. Practically, the current

11
Value per interval is 2A. An example of characteristic because none monitoring device generates
an alarm, no one size is beyond the range of allowed values. However, the system is not correct,
because the existence of a large alternate component in the charging current of an accumulator
suggests that there is a significant problem in the system operation. As a consequence, the
operational autonomy of the spare power supply is significantly reduced. The mean value of the
charging current is within the allowed limits. However, there is an alternating component whose
maximum value is greater than 8App. This means that there is a serious problem with the serial
resistance between the charger and the accumulator. Resistance can be in the accumulator itself,
but also in the connections between the charger and the accumulator. Also, the charger requires
additional inspection, because the problem can because by large variations in the output voltage
of the charger. This problem does not require urgent intervention. However, if the serial
resistance is the problem, the power system has no declared autonomy, and if the charger is the
problem, the characteristics of the accumulators will be degraded. It is necessary to inspect the
operation of several elements of the power supply system. In order to detect the problem of this
type, a serious analysis of the collected data obtained from the monitoring systems, as well as the
appropriate expert knowledge and experience in the monitoring sectors, is required. By installing
remote monitoring and control systems for power electronics devices-SDNU, it is possible to
collect the required data set to help analyze the operation of monitored devices. One solution is
to automatically generate messages from monitoring programs that would suggest to monitoring
sectors what to do. Such messages are named as derived alarms. For the described example, the
derived alarm would announce reduced power supply autonomy.

Both of the above-described examples were recorded after the installation of a device that has
been developed specifically for the monitoring of power electronics devices. A mounted
centralized monitoring device recognized the alarm state and generated alarms, but local
monitoring of the energy converter did not recognize the alarm state. Due to no match in the
measurement results, the competent maintenance sectors requested a determination of the right
status. Oscilloscope records confirmed that the only correct solution for monitoring of power
electronics devices is the use of a device that has been specifically developed only for the
monitoring and control of power electronics devices.

12
1.4 TYPES OF MONITORS

 Theprocessofcheckingorregulatingthetechnicalqualityofdevicesiscalledmonitoring.

Devices used to monitor are called monitoring devices.

 It is the systematic, regular observation and collection of data for the purpose of
establishing whether an intervention is moving towards the goals it is installed for or not.

Types of monitors

Portable Monitors

Used for troubleshooting after an error has taken place

Permanent Monitors
These monitors are permanently installed full system monitors, strategically placed throughout the
facility, letting the users know any power device disturbed as soon as it happens. To characterize the
full range variations in the operation of power electronic devices

These monitoring centers collect data from microcomputers located in the power electronics
devices. The usual solutions are that each energy converters manufacturer develops its own
monitoring system to monitor the operation of the energy converter. The application software has
been written so that only one type of energy converters and from only one manufacturer can be
monitored at one point in time. This means that different power electronics devices of different
manufacturers cannot be monitored simultaneously on the same monitor. This is not a good
solution for maintenance sectors, because while monitoring the operation of one type of device,
there may be some major accidents on some other devices. In order to avoid this situation, it is
common practice to have a large number of monitors in the maintenance sectors, to monitor the
operation of each type of power electronics device. Such a solution is not appropriate, because
due to poor transparency, it is really possible that some of the alarms pass unnoticed.
There are also standardized protocols (SNMP) that allow monitoring of the different devices
operation on one monitor, but the data set is limited and used in the main monitoring centers. In
these centers, there are no experts dealing specifically with the maintenance of power electronics
devices, so it is impossible to perform an analysis of the complete system operation. The data
collected through standardized protocols are used to engage responsible maintenance sectors
based on receiving alarms, in order to intervene on the object in alarm. In this case, there is no

13
possibility of preventive maintenance, but only corrective maintenance. From the data collected
through standard protocols, the cause of the alarm is not visible, but the existence of an alarm is
noted and this information is forwarded to the maintenance sectors. In practice, it is common that
after obtaining an intervention order, and after going on-site, the responsible maintenance sectors
find that they cannot correct the defect, because it is not caused by the operation of the power
electronics devices in their jurisdiction.

14
 CHAPTER 2
CENTRALIZED MONITORING OF THE POWERELECTRONICS
DEVICES
The described alarm state detection analysis shows that the monitoring of power electronics
devicesviamicrocomputersincorporatedinsomesystemelementshasnumerousshortcomings. By
analyzing the different power supply systems, it is concluded that monitoring of the local
power system is not adequate. The collected data are not always reliable and are not displayed
in the form required for the operation of the relevant maintenance sectors. It can be concluded
that system monitoring is best solved if a specific device is installed in peripheral units, with
the mainfunctionofremotemonitoringandcontrolofallelementsinthesystem.Theblockdiagram of
the power supply system with a built-in remote monitoring device is shown in Figure.1.4. The
monitoring device collects all relevant information about all circuits in the power electronics
system, using its own sensors. In addition to energy converters, AC and DC distribution, all
available energy sources are monitored. If the energy converters have microcomputers, the
monitoring device also accepts these data. Data collected from own sensors, together with data
obtained from the microcomputer, are forwarded to the monitoring centers. In order to increase
the reliability of data transmission, it is possible to connect two transmission paths that are used
depending on the availability in a telecommunication object (usually one wired Ethernet or
modem and wireless-GPRS). There is only one computer in the monitoring center that receives
data from all peripheral devices, unpacks the man displays it on one monitor. Data are
displayed in such a way that at first glance can be determined how many power systems with
irregularities in operation exist. Application software has multiple levels. At the basic level,
there are data about the devices in the alarm state, and about the level of alarms. At the second
level, detailed data are collected from peripheral monitoring devices. At the second level, all
the elements of the power supply system are visible, as well as there as on why the object is
under the alarm. Data on the first and second levels were collected from the developed
monitoring device. At the third level, data are collected from microcomputers, integral
elements of energy converters.

15
 Figure.2.1 Power system with remote monitoring and control device

2.1 LEVELS IN MONITORING

Application software has multiple levels

 At the basic level, there is data about the devices and that are under alarm state and all
regional centres are visible.
 At the second level, detailed data is collected from peripheral monitoring devices. At the
second level only, all the elements of the regional centre as well as the reason why the
object is under the alarm state can be identified.

 At the third level, data are collected from microcomputers, integral elements of energy
converter. Figures 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 show graphic representations for all three levels in one tele-
communication company.
 The occurrence of an alarm in any regional centre will change the colour of the circle
next to the name of the regional centre.

 At the basic level, a window presenting all the objects that are being monitored and
objects under alarm can be opened.

 In this example, the object Drinic, belonging to the regional center of Banja Luka, is in
an alarm state indicating that its operation is out of bounds.

 The blue circle indicates the object for which the collected data are older than 15
16
 minutes indicating that channel is inactive.

 The yellow circle indicates that the operation is on the bounds.

 The green circle indicates the controlled operation of the devices.

 The alarm message will remain on the screen until the user confirms it.

 After confirming the alarm, the alarm event is registered into the alarm base.

 At any moment, the user can access the database and view all alarms and events for a
defined time period.

Figure 2.2 Basic user application

17
At the second level, the data from the monitoring device are visible. The input voltages in the
object, the voltages, and currents of the alternate power supplies, the temperature of the object,
as well as the voltages and currents at the output of the power supply system are measured. The
occurrence of an alarm, besides spotting by the message and the data in red color, also includes
an audio alarm. The alarm message will remain on the screen until the user confirms it. After
confirming the alarm, the alarm event is registered into the alarm base. At any moment, the user
can access the database and view all alarms and events for a defined time period.

Figure.2.3. Representation at the level of the peripheral object

18
 At the third level, the data collected from the micro-computer of energy converters are
shown. In the example in Figure 7, the data generated by the power supply system SN12 are
presented. The graphical application corresponds to the display developed by the manufacturer
of the power supply system. The downloaded data are transmitted to the user via the
monitoring system, regardless of the data collected by the measurement probes.

Figure.2.4 Representation of data obtained from the microcomputer within the monitored
devices
The frequency of the data collecting from a monitoring device is fifteen minutes, which is
sufficienttopreventtheoccurrenceofaphenomenonthatcouldleadtoanunregisteredirregularity of the
power system. If an alarm occurs, the monitoring system generates an alarm, regardless of the
fifteen-minute call-over. In addition, after an incident, it is possible to analyze the behavior of
each element in the system before, during and after the secondary measurement incident. Such
measurements and analyses are important data for maintenance sectors, because in this way, they
can organize preventive maintenance of the power system.

19
2.2 BENEFITS OF CENTRALIZEDMONITORING

 Ensures the system reliability.

 Identifies the fault producing equipments and generates an alarm.

 Helps in the preventive and predictive maintenance.

 With the installation of this monitoring system total costs of installation and
maintenance of the power system can be reduced by16%.

 Determine the need for mitigation equipments and avoids risks.

 Process improvements monitoring systems allows to identify the most sensitive

equipments and install power conditioning systems wherever necessary.

20
 CHAPTER 3

CONCLUSION
Centralized monitoring is the optimized solution for the organization of remote monitoring and
control of power electronics devices. The described solution is also optimized for maintenance
sectors. All elements in the power electronics system are monitored so that the state of each
circuit in the system is reliably known. Data from the microcomputer are also collected if they
exist as integral elements of the power supply system.

In the monitoring center, all data are displayed on one monitor. In order to improve the
efficiency of the maintenance sector, the data are divided into three levels. With monitoring
organized in this way, the maintenance sectors, in addition to receiving the alarm from an
object, can also determine the cause of the alarm and decide who and when to intervene, in
order to eliminate the alarm. In addition to reducing the unnecessary going on-site of the
maintenance team, the planned maintenance of the power supply system elements is enabled. It
is estimated that with such organized remote monitoring, the costs of servicing and replacing
elements in power electronics systems can be reduced by about 60%. Savings are achieved due
to the extension of the life of spare power supplies about 27%, as well as due to a reduction of
the traveling cost assigned to the maintenance sectors of 34%. The cost resulting from the
interruption of tele-communication traffic as well as the cost of termination of the services due
to the unreliable operation of the telecommunication system is not included in the savings
calculation.
From the centralized monitoring the state of each element in the power system is reliably known.
At the monitoring centre, all data are displayed on one monitor. To improve its efficiency data
are divide into three levels. In addition to receiving the alarm, it also determines the cause of the
alarm and decided who and when to intervene, in order to eliminate the alarm. In addition to
reducing the unnecessary going on-site of the maintenance team, the planned maintenance of the
power supply system elements is enabled thereby reducing the maintenance cost.

21
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