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Fluid Flow Sample Problem-Continuity Equation

The document discusses discharge (flow rate) of fluids through pipes and channels. It defines discharge as the volume of fluid passing through a cross-sectional area per unit time. Discharge can be expressed as volume flow rate, mass flow rate, or weight flow rate using variables like mean velocity, density, and cross-sectional area. Continuity equations state that discharge is constant for an incompressible fluid flowing through a channel with varying cross-sectional areas. The document provides examples of calculating discharge, velocity, and flow rates for water and air moving through pipes of different diameters.

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Jaid Hedriana
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3K views41 pages

Fluid Flow Sample Problem-Continuity Equation

The document discusses discharge (flow rate) of fluids through pipes and channels. It defines discharge as the volume of fluid passing through a cross-sectional area per unit time. Discharge can be expressed as volume flow rate, mass flow rate, or weight flow rate using variables like mean velocity, density, and cross-sectional area. Continuity equations state that discharge is constant for an incompressible fluid flowing through a channel with varying cross-sectional areas. The document provides examples of calculating discharge, velocity, and flow rates for water and air moving through pipes of different diameters.

Uploaded by

Jaid Hedriana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discharge (also called flow rate)

The amount of fluid passing a section of a stream in unit


time is called the discharge. If v is the mean velocity and A
is the cross sectional area, the discharge Q is defined by Q
= Av which is known as volume flow rate. Discharge is also
expressed as mass flow rate and weight flow rate.
Discharge (also called flow rate)

Volume flow rate, Q=Av


Mass flow rate, M=ρQ
Weight flow rate, W=γQ

Where:
Q = discharge in m3/sec or ft3/sec
A = cross-sectional area of flow in m2 or ft2
v = mean velocity of flow in m/sec or ft/sec
ρ = mass density of fluid in kg/m3 or slugs/ft3
γ = unit weight of fluid in N/m3 or lb/ft3
Continuity Equations

• For incompressible fluids:


Q=A1v1=A2v2=A3v3= constant
WHERE:
Q = DISHCARGE
A1 = cross sectional area of flow at pt.1
v1 = velocity at pt 1
A2 = coss-sectional of flow area at pt. 2
v2 = velocity at pt 2
A3 = cross sectional are of flow at pt.3
v3 = velocity at point 3
For compressible fluids:

M = mass flow rate


W = weight flow rate
Ƴ = weight density or unit weight of fluid
ρ = mass density of fluid
A = cross sectional area of flow
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1

The water flows through a 50mm diameter pipe at a velocity


of 2.5m/sec. Find:
a) the volume flow rate in m³/sec and lit/sec.
b) Mass flow rate in kg/sec
c) weight flow rate in N/sec
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 2

Compute the discharge of water through 75 mm pipe if


the mean velocity is 2.5 m/sec.
SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3

The discharge of air through a 600-mm pipe is 4 m3/sec.


Compute the mean velocity in m/sec.
SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 4

The diameters of a pipe at the


sections 1-1and 2-2 are 200
mm and 300 mm respectively. If
the velocity of water flowing
through the pipe at section 1-1 is
4m/s,
find:
(i) Discharge through the
pipe, and
(ii) Velocity of water at
section 2-2
example no. 3 EXAMPLE PROBLEM 5

A pipe (1) 450 mm in diameter branches into two pipes (2


and 3) of diameters 300 mm and 200 mm respectively as
shown in Fig. If the average velocity in 450 mm diameter
pipe is 3 m/s
find:
(i) Discharge through 450 mm diameter pipe;
(ii) Velocity in 200 mm diameter pipe if the average
velocity in 300 mm pipe is 2.5 m/s.
example no. 3 EXAMPLE PROBLEM 5
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 6

A pipe line consists of successive lengths of 380-mm, 300-mm,


and 250-mm pipe. With a continuous flow through the line of
250 Lit/sec of water, compute the mean velocity in each size of
pipe.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 7

Neglecting air resistance, determine to what height a


vefrtical jet of water could rise if projected with a velocity of
20m/s?
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 8

GIVEN:
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 8

SOLUTION:

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