Monday, June 27, 2011

CHAPTER 12

P.P.12.1 For the abc sequence, Van leads Vbn by 120 and Vbn leads Vcn by 120.

Hence, Van  110(30  120)  110150 V

Vcn  110(30  120)  110–90˚V

P.P.12.2
(a) Vab  Van  Vbn  12030  120 - 90
Vab  (103.92  j60)  j120
Vab  207.860˚V

Alternatively, using the fact that Vab leads Van by 30 and has a
magnitude of 3 times that of Van ,
Vab  3 (120 )(30   30 )  207.860˚V

Following the abc sequence,

Vbc  207.8–60˚V
Vca  207.8±180˚V

Van
(b) Ia 
Z

Z  (0.4  j0.3)  (24  j19)  (0.6  j0.7)

Z  25  j20  3238.66

12030
Ia   3.75 - 8.66 A
3238.66

Following the abc sequence,

I b  I a  - 120  3.75 - 128.66 A
I c  I a  - 240  3.75111.34˚A
P.P.12.3
The phase currents are
V 120 - 20
I AB  AB   6–60˚ A
Z 2040

I BC  I AB  - 120  6180˚ A

I CA  I AB 120  660˚ A

The line currents are

I a  I AB 3  - 30   6 3  - 90   10.392–90˚ A

I b  I a  - 120  10.392150˚ A

I c  I a 120  10.39230˚ A

P.P.12.4 In a delta load, the phase current leads the line current by 30 and has a
1
magnitude times that of the line current. Hence,
3
Ia 9.609
I AB  30  65  5.54865˚ A
3 3

Z   18  j12  21.6333.69  

V AB  I AB Z   (5.54865)( 21.6333.69 )
VAB  12098.69˚ V

P.P.12.5 Z Y  12  j15  19.2151.34

After converting the -connected source to a Y-connected source,

240
Van  (150  30)  138.56  - 15
3

Van 138.56 - 15

Ia    7.21 - 66.34 A
Z Y 19.2151.34

I b  I a  - 120  7.21173.66˚ A
I c  I a 120  7.2153.66 A
P.P.12.6
For the source,
S  3 Vp I*p  (3)(120 30 )(3.75 8.66 )
S  135038.66  [–1.054.2 – j0.8433] kVA

For the load,

2
S  3 Ip Z

where Z  24  j19  30.6138.37

I p  3.75  - 8.66

S  (3)(3.75) 2 (30.6138.37)
S  1291.3638.37  [1.012+j0.8016] kVA

P 30  10 3
P.P.12.7 P  S cos  
 S    35.29 kVA
cos  0.85

S 35.29  10 3
S  3 VL I L 
 I L    46.31 A
3 VL 3 (440)

Alternatively,
30  10 3 440
Pp   10 kW , Vp  V
3 3

Pp  Vp I p cos 

Pp (10  10 3 ) 3
Ip   = 46.31 A
Vp cos  (440)(0.85)

P.P.12.8
(a) For load 1,
VL 840
Vp  
3 3

Va 8400 1
I a1     9.7  - 53.13
Zp 3 30  j40

2
Vrms (840) 2
S1    14.112 53.13 kVA
Z* 50  - 53.15
 For load 2,
P2 48
S2    60 kVA
cos 2 0.8

Q 2  S 2 sin  2  (60)(0.6)  36 kVAR

S 2  48  j36 kVA

S = S 1 + S 2 = [56.47 + j47.29] kVA

S  73.6539.94 kVA

with pf  cos(39.94)  0.7667

(b) Q c  P (tan old  tan new )

Q c  (56.47)(tan 39.94  tan 0)  47.29 kVAR

For each capacitor, the rating is 15.76 kVAR

(c) At unity pf, S  P  56.47 kVA

S 56470
IL    38.81 A
3 VL 3 (840)

P.P.12.9
The phase currents are
V 4400
I AB  AB   39.3526.56 = 35.2+j17.595
Z AB 10  j5

VBC 440 - 120

I BC    27.5 - 120  -13.75  j23.82
Z BC 16

VCA 440120
I CA    4483.13 = 5.263+j43.68
Z CA 8  j6

The line currents are

I a = I AB – I CA = (35.2+j17.595) – (5.263+j43.68)
= 29.94–j26.08 = 39.71–41.06˚ A.
I b = I BC – I AB = –48.95–j41.42 = 64.12–139.8˚ A.
I c = I CA – I BC = 19.013+j67.5 = 70.1374.27˚ A.
P.P.12.10
The phase currents are
220 0
I AB   j44
- j5

220 0
I BC   22 30
j10

220120
I CA   22 - 120
10

The line currents are

I a  I AB  I CA  ( j44)  (-11  j19.05)
I a  11  j63.05  6480.1 A

I b  I BC  I AB  (19.05  j11)  ( j44)

I b  19.05  j33  38.1 - 60 A

I c  I CA  I BC  (-11  j19.05)  (19.05  j11)

I c  -30.05  j30.05  42.5225 A

The real power is absorbed by the resistive load

2
P  I CA (10)  (22) 2 (10)  4.84 kW

P.P.12.11 The schematic is shown below. First, use the AC Sweep option of the
Analysis Setup. Choose a Linear sweep type with the following Sweep Parameters :
Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 100, and End Freq = 100. Once the circuit is saved and
simulated, we obtain an output file whose contents include the following results.

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.000E+02 8.547E+00 -9.127E+01

FREQ VM(A,N) VP(A,N)

1.000E+02 1.009E+02 6.087E+01

From this we obtain,

Van  100.960.87 V , I bB  8.547 - 91.27 A

P.P.12.12 The schematic is shown below.

In this case, we may assume that   1 rad / s , so that f  1 2  0.1592 Hz . Hence,

L  X L   10 and C  1 X c  0.1 .
Use the AC Sweep option of the Analysis Setup. Choose a Linear sweep type with the
following Sweep Parameters : Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq =
0.1592. Once the circuit is saved and simulated, we obtain an output file whose contents
include the following results.

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592E-01 3.724E+01 8.379E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592E-01 1.555E+01 -7.501E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592E-01 2.468E+01 -9.000E+01

From this we obtain,

I ca  24.68 - 90 A I cC  37.2583.79 A I AB = 15.55–75.01˚A

P.P.12.13
(a) If point o is connected to point B, P2  0 W
P1  Re ( VAB I *a )
P1  ( 440 )(39.71) cos( 0  41.06)  13.175kW

P3  Re (VCB I *c )
where VCB  -VBC  240(-120  180)  24060

P3  (440)(70.13) cos(60  74.27)  29.91kW

(b) Total power is = (13.175+29.91) kW = 43.08 kW.

P.P.12.14 VL  208 V , P1  -560 W , P2  800 W

(a) PT  P1  P2  -560  800  240 W

(b) Q T  3 ( P2  P1 )  3 (800  560 )  2.356 kVAR

Q T 2355.6
(c) tan     9.815     84.18
PT 240
pf  cos   0.1014 (lagging / inductive)
It is inductive because P2  P1
(d) For a Y-connected load,
 VL 208
Ip  IL , Vp    120 V
3 3

80
Pp  Vp I p cos  
 I p   6.575 A
(120)(0.1014)

Vp 120
Zp    18.25
Ip 6.575
Z p  Z p   18.25 84.18 

The impedance is inductive.

P.P.12.15 Z   30  j40  50  - 53.13 

The equivalent Y-connected load is

Z
Z Y    16.67  - 53.13
3
440
Vp   254 V
3
Vp 254
IL    15.24
ZY 16.67

P1  VL I L cos(  30)
P1  ( 440 )(15.24) cos( -53.13  30)  6.167 kW

P2  VL I L cos(  30)
P2  (440)(15.24) cos(-53.13  30)  802.1W

PT  P1  P2  6.969 kW

Q T  3 (P2  P1 )  3 (802.1  6167 )

Q T  - 9.292 kVAR