Unit-1

1. The output signal when a signal x(n)=(0,1,2,3) is processed through an ‘Identical’ system is?
a) (3,2,1,0)
b) (1,2,3,0)
c) (0,1,2,3)
d) (3,1,2,0)
Answer:C
2. The block denoted as follows is known as __________

a) Delay block
b) Advance block
c) Multiplier block
d) Adder block
Answer:a
3. The system described by the input-output equation y(n)=nx(n)+bx3(n) is a __________
a) Static system
b) Dynamic system
c) Identical system
d) with memory system
Answer:a
4.  If a system do not have a bounded output for bounded input, then the system is said to be
__________
a) Causal
b) Non-causal
c) Stable
d) Non-stable
Answer:d
5. The z-transform of a sequence x(n) which is given as X(z)=∑∞n=−∞x(n)z−n is known as
_____________
a) Uni-lateral Z-transform
b) Bi-lateral Z-transform
c) Tri-lateral Z-transform
d) None of the mentioned
Answer:b
6.  If the system is initially relaxed at time n=0 and memory equals to zero, then the response of such
state is called as ____________
a) Zero-state response
b) Zero-input response
 c) Zero-condition response
d) zero response
Answer:a
7. Zero-state response is also known as ____________
a) Free response
b) Forced response
c) Natural response
d) None of the mentioned
Answer:b
8. The solution obtained by assuming the input x(n) of the system is zero is ____________
a) General solution
b) Particular solution
c) Complete solution
d) Homogenous solution
Answer:d
9 .What is the homogenous solution of the system described by the first order difference equation
y(n)+ay(n-1)=x(n)?
a) c(a)n(where ‘c’ is a constant)
b) c(a)-n
c) c(-a)n
d) c(-a)-n
Answer:C
10.What is the particular solution of the difference equation y(n)=56y(n−1)−16y(n-2)+x(n) when the
forcing function x(n)=2n, n≥0 and zero elsewhere?
a) 15 2n
b) 58 2n
c) 85 2n
d) 58 2-n
Answer:c
11.The total solution of the difference equation is given as _______________
a) yp(n)-yh(n)
b) yp(n)+yh(n)
c) yh(n)-yp(n)
d) yc(n)-yh(n)
Answer:b
12.If the phase ϴ(ω) of the system is linear, then the group delay of the system?
a) Increases with frequency of signal
b) Constant
c) Decreases with frequency of signal
d) Independent of frequency of signal
Answer:b
13.A Discrete signal is said to be even or symmetric if X(-n) is equal to __________
a) X(n)
b) 0
 c) –X(n)
d) –X(-n)
Answer:a
14.The system described by the difference equation y(n) – 2y(n-1) + y(n-2) = X(n) – X(n-1) has y(n) = 0
and n<0. If x (n) = δ(n), then y (z) will be?
a) 2
b) 1
c) 0
d) -1
Answer:c
15. The Nyquist frequency for the signal x (t) = 3 cos 50πt + 10 sin 300πt – cos 100t is ___________
a) 50 Hz
b) 100 Hz
c) 200 Hz
d) 300 Hz
Answer:d
16. If x(n)=Aejωn is the input of an LTI system and h(n) is the response of the system, then what is the
output y(n) of the system?
a) H(-ω)x(n)
b) -H(ω)x(n)
c) H(ω)x(n)
d) H(ω)x(-n)
Answer:c
17.For what kind of signals one sided z-transform is unique?
a) All signals
b) Anti-causal signal
c) Causal signal
d) Non-Causal
Answer:c
18. What is the one sided z-transform of x(n)=δ(n-k)?
a) z-k
b) zk
c) 0
d) 1
Answer:a
19. What is the one sided z-transform of x(n)=δ(n+k)?
a) z-k
b) 0
c) zk
d) 1
Answer:b
20.The z-transform of a signal x(n) whose definition is given by X(z)=∑∞n=0x(n)z−n is known as
_____________
a) Unilateral z-transform
b) Bilateral z-transform
 c) Rational z-transform
d) None of the mentioned
Answer:a
21.The impulse response of a relaxed LTI system is h(n)=anu(n), |a|<1. What is the value of the step
response of the system as n→∞?
a) 1/1+a
b) 1/1−a
c) a/1+a
d) a/1−a
Answer:b
22.The range of discrete-time signal frequency is
a) 0 to π/2
b) –π to π
c) -∞ to ∞
d) –π/2 to π/2
Answer:b

23.The anti-aliasing filter used in DSP systems is

a).HPF
b).LPF
c).BPF
d) BRF
Answer:b

24.The average power of a discrete time periodic sequence is calculated by (where ck s are DFS
coefficients)
∞
2
a) ∑ |c k|
k=−∞
∞
❑
b) ∑ |c k|
k=−∞
∞
1 2
c)
N
∑ |c k|
k=−∞
∞
1 ❑
d) ∑ |c k|
N k=−∞
Answer:c

25. The circular convolution of two sequences ,each of length N yields a sequence of length_____
a) N
b) 2N
c) N/2
d) N-1
Answer:a

UNIT-2
 1. Radix-2 FFT algorithm performs the computation of DFT in []

a) (N/2)log2N multiplications and 2log2N additions

b) (N/2)log2N multiplications and Nlog2N additions

c) log2N multiplications and (N/2)log2N additions

d) N log2N multiplications and (N/2)log2N additions

Answer:b

2. Let x(n)=(1/2)n u(n), y(n)=x2(n) and Y(ejw) be the DTFT of y(n). Then Y(ej0) is []

a)4/3

b)3/4

c)1/4

d)None of the above

Answer:a

3. If x(n) and X(k) are an N-pt. DFT pair, then X(k+N)= []

a)X(-k)

b)-X (k)

c) X(k)

d) None of the above

Answer:c

4. The Nth root of unity (also known as twiddle factor) WN is given as [ ]

a) exp(j2π/N)

b) exp(-j2π/N)

c) exp(j2πN)

d) exp(j2πN)

Answer:b
5. Which of the following is true []

a) WN* = 1/N WN-1

b) WN-1 = (1/N) WN*

c) WN-1 = (1/N) WN*

d) None of the above

Answer:a

6.Which of the following is true regarding the number of computations required to compute an N-
point DFT?
a) N2 complex multiplications and N(N-1) complex additions
b) N2 complex additions and N(N-1) complex multiplications
c) N2 complex multiplications and N(N+1) complex additions
d) N2 complex additions and N(N+1) complex multiplications
Answer: a

7.For a Decimation-in-time FFT algorithm, which of the following is true?

a) Both input and output are in order
b) Both input and output are shuffled
c) Input is shuffled and output is in order
d) Input is in order and output is shuffled
Answer: c

8.For a DIF- FFT algorithm, which of the following is true?

a) Both input and output are in order
b) Both input and output are shuffled
c) Input is shuffled and output is in order
d) Input is in order and output is shuffled
Answer: d

9.In N-Point DFT of L-point sequence, the value of N to avoid aliasing in frequency spectrum is,

a).N≠L

b).N≤L

c).N≥L

d).N=L

Answer: c
10.The DFT of product f two discrete time sequences x1(n) and x2(n) is equal to,

a).1/N[X1(K)*X2(K)]

b).1/N[X1(K)X2(K)]

c).1/N[X1(K)*X2 *(K)]

d).X1(K)*X2(K)

Answer: a

11.In a N-Point sequence ,if N=16,the total number of complex additions and multiplications using
Radix-2 FFT are,

a) 64 and 80

b).80 and 64

c).64 and 32

d) 24 and 12

Answer: c

12.The complex valued phase factor/twiddle factor ,WN can be represented as,

a).e-j2πN

b).e-j2π/N

c).e-j2π

d).e-j2πKN

Answer: b

13.The phase factor multiplied before the add and subtract operations in,

a) DIT radix-2 FFT

b)DIF radix-2 FFT

c)Inverse DFT

d)Both a and c

Answer: a
14.What is the circular convolution of the sequences X1(n)={2,1,2,1} and x2(n)={1,2,3,4}?
a) {14,14,16,16}
b) {16,16,14,14}
c) {2,3,6,4}
d) {14,16,14,16}

Answer: d

15.If X(k) is the N-point DFT of a sequence x(n), then what is the DFT of x*(n)?
a) X(N-k)
b) X*(k)
c) X*(N-k)
d) X(K-N)

Answer: c

16.What is the circular convolution of the sequences X1(n)={2,1,2,1} and x2(n)={1,2,3,4}, find using
the DFT and IDFT concepts?
a) {16,16,14,14}
b) {14,16,14,16}
c) {14,14,16,16}
d) {2,3,6,4}

Answer: b

17.If x(n) is real and even, then what is the DFT of x(n)?
N−1
a) ∑ x (n)sin 2 π kn/ N
n =0

N−1
b) ∑ x (n)cos 2 π k /nN
n =0

N−1
c)− j ∑ x (n)sin 2 π kn/ N
n =0

N−1
d) -j ∑ x (n)cos 2 π kn/ N
n =0

Answer: b

18. If X1(k) and X2(k) are the N-point DFTs of X1(n) and x2(n) respectively, then what is the N-point
DFT of x(n)=ax1(n)+bx2(n)?
a) X1(ak)+X2(bk)
 b) aX1(k)+bX2(k)
c) eakX1(k)+ebkX2(k)
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

19.If x(n) is real and odd, then what is the IDFT of the given sequence?
N−1
a) j/N ∑ x ( k ) sin 2 π kn/ N
k=0
N−1
b) 1/N ∑ x (k )scos2 π kn/ N
k=0
N−1
c) −j/N ∑ x (k )sin2 π knN
k=0
N−1
d) -j/N ∑ x ( k ) sin 2 π kn/ N
k=0

Answer: a

20.How many number of butterflies are required per output point in FFT algorithm?
a) N
b) N+1
c) 2N
d) N-1
Answer: d

Unit-3

1.Which of the following filters cannot be designed using impulse invariance method

A) Low pass

B) Band pass

C) Low and band pass

D) High pass

ANSWER: D

2.For the analog and digital IIR filters to be causal,the number of zeros should be

A) >=Number of poles
 B) <=Number of poles

C) =Number of poles

D) Zero

ANSWER: B

3.In this type of designing, the system function of IIR filter is expressed in which form

A) Parallel form

B) Cascade form

C) Mixed form

D) A and B

ANSWER: B

4.The zeros of the butterworth filters exist at

A) left half of s-plane

B) Oigin

C) Infinity

D) Right half of s-plane

ANSWER: C

5.In Butterworth and chebyshev transfer function when N is odd the nature of poles are

A) complex and exist as conjugate pair

B) complex but not conjugate pair

C) one pole is complex and other poles are real

D) one pole is real and other poles are complex

ANSWER: D
6.The relation between analog and digital frequency is nonlinear in case of

A) Impulse invariant transformation

B) Bilinear transformation

C) Frequency sampling

D) A,B and C

ANSWER: B

7.The physically realizable IIR filters do not have

A) Nonlinear phase

B) linear phase

C) A and B

D) constant phase

ANSWER: B

8.What is the duration of the unit sample response of a digital filter

A.Finite

B.Infinite

C.Impulse(very small )

D.Zero

ANSWER: B

9.Which of the following methods are used to convert analog filter into digital filter
 A) Approximation of derivatives

B) Bilinear transformation

C) Impulse invariance

D) A,B and C

ANSWER: D

10.Which of the following is true for a chebyshev analog filter

A) In type-1,the magnitude response is monotonic in passband and equiripple in stopband

B) In type-1 the magnitude response is monotonic in passband and stopband

C) In type-2 the magnitude response is equiripple in passband and stopband

D) In type-2 the magnitude response is monotonic in passband and equiripple in stopband

ANSWER: D

11.The poles of chebyshev transfer function lie

A) Symetrically on a circle in s-plane

B) symetrically on an elliplse in s-plane

C) Antisymmetrically on a circle in s-plane

D) Antisymmetrically on an ellipse in s-plane

ANSWER: A

12.The distortion in frequency axis due to nonlinear relationship between analog and digital frequency is
called

A) Frequency wrapping.

B) Aliasing

C) Sampling
 D) pre wrapping

ANSWER: A

13.The two properties which are preseved in analog to digital transfornation are

A) Stability and causality

B) Stability and homoginity

C) causality and homoginity

D) causality and Reciprocity

ANSWER:A

14.Which of the following is true relation among s-domain and z-domain

A) s=(1+z-1)/T

B) s=(1+z)/T

C) s=(1-z-1)/T

D) s=(1-z)/T

ANSWER:C

15.Which of the following mapping is true between s-plane and z-domain

A) Points in LHP of the s-plane into points inside the circle in z-domain

B) Points in RHP of the s-plane into points outside the circle in z-domain

C) Points on imaginary axis of the s-plane into points onto the circle in z-domain

D) A,B and C

ANSWER:D
 16.What is the relation between h(t) and Ha(s)?

d) None of the mentioned

ANSWER:A

17.Which of the following is a representation of system function?

a) Normal system function
b) Laplace transform
c) Rational system function
d) All of the mentioned

ANSWER:D

18.What is the condition on the system function of a linear phase filter?

a) H(z)=z−NH(z−1)
b) H(z)=zNH(z−1)
c) H(z)=±zNH(z−1)
d) H(z)=±z−NH(z−1)

ANSWER:D

19.Which of the following is the difference equation of the FIR filter of length M, input x(n) and
output y(n)?

ANSWER:C

20.What is the error in delay at the frequency ωk?

a) Tg(ωk)-Td(ωk)
b) Tg(ωk)+Td(ωk)
c) Td(ωk)
d) None of the mentioned

ANSWER:A
 Unit-4

1.Which of the following is an method for implementing an FIR system

A. Direct form

B. Cascade form

C. Lattice structure

D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER:D

2.How many memory locations are used for storage of the output point of a sequence of length M in
direct form realization
A. M+1

B. M

C. M-1

D. M-2

ANSWER:C

3.The cascaded form of realization is used

A. When complex poles with absolute magnitude less than one

B. When complex poles with absolute magnitude greater than one

C. When complex zeros with absolute magnitude less than one

D. When complex zeros with absolute magnitude greater than one

ANSWER:C

4.In which filter the memory requirement and execution time are very high

A. Butterworth filter

B. Chebyshev filter

C. IIR filter

D. FIR filter
 ANSWER:D

5.Which filter design methods are iterative procedures that require powerful Computational

facilities for Implementation

A. FIR Filter

B. IIR Filter

C. Butterworth

D. Chebyshev

ANSWER:A

6.A filter is said to be linear phase filter if the phase delay and group delay are

A. High

B. Moderate

C. Low

D. Constant

ANSWER:D

7.Consider the assertions given below. Which among them is an advantage of FIR Filter

A. Necessity of computational techniques for filter implementation

B. Requirement of large storage

C. Incapability of simulating prototype analog filters

D. Presence of linear phase response

ANSWER:D

8.In cascade form of realization, how many bits should be used to represent the FIR filter coefficients in
order to avoid

the quantization effect on filter coefficients

A. 5 to 10
 B. 12 to 14

C. 20 to 24

D. 28 to 40

ANSWER:B

9.In the frequency response characteristics of FIR filter, the number of bits per coefficient should be
required

in order to maintain the same error

A. Increased

B. Constant

C. Decreased

D. A and B

ANSWER:A

10.How is the roundoff errors reduced in the digital FIR filter

A. By representation of all products with double-length registers

B. By rounding the results after acquiring the final sum

C. A and B

D. By representation of all products with sngle-length registers

ANSWER:C

11.The direct form realization is often called as

A. transversal filter

B. tapped-delay-line filter

C. A and B

D. Anti aliasing filter

ANSWER:C

12.In FIR filters,which among the following parameters remains unaffected by the quantization effect
 A. Magnitude Response

B. Phase Characteristics

C. A and B

D. Band width

ANSWER:D

13.FIR filters are

A. non-recursive

B. use feedback

C. recursive

D. A and B

ANSWER:A

14.Which of the following is introduced in the frequency sampling realization of the FIR filter

A. Poles are more in number on unit circle

B. Zeros are more in number on the unit circle

C. Poles and zeros at equally spaced points on the unit circle

D. A and B

ANSWER:C

15.Ideal filters are

A.Causal

B.Non-Causal

C.May be causal or may not be causal

D.practical realizable filters

ANSWER:B
16.The lower and upper limits on the convolution sum reflect the causality and finite duration
characteristics of the filter

A. True

B. False

C.Limits never reflect causality

D.Limits never reflect characteristics of the filter

ANSWER:A

17.Which of the following condition should the unit sample response of a FIR filter satisfy to have a
linear phase

A. h(M-1-n) n=0,1,2…M-1

B. ±h(M-1-n) n=0,1,2…M-1

C. -h(M-1-n) n=0,1,2…M-1

D. h(M+1-n) n=0,1,2…M-1

ANSWER:B

18.What is the value of h(M-1/2) if the unit sample response is anti-symmetric where M is order of
the filter

A. 0

B. 1

C. -1

D. ±1

ANSWER:A

19.What is the number of filter coefficients that specify the frequency response for h(n) symmetric
where M is order of the filter
A. (M-1)/2 when M is odd and M/2 when M is even

B. (M-1)/2 when M is even and M/2 when M is odd

C. (M+1)/2 when M is even and M/2 when M is odd

D. (M+1)/2 when M is odd and M/2 when M is even

ANSWER:D

20.The anti-symmetric condition with M even is not used in the design of which of the following
linear-phase FIR filter

A. Low pass

B. High pass

C. Band pass

D. Bans stop

ANSWER:A

21.Why is it desirable to optimize frequency response in the transition band of the filter

A. Increase side lobe

B. Reduce side lobe

C. Increase main lobe

D. Reduce main lobe

ANSWER:B

22.In FIR filter design which among the following parameters is separately controlled by using
Kaiser window
A. Order of filter (M)

B. Transition width of main lobe

C. Both a and b

D. Transition width of side lobe

ANSWER:C

23.Which window function is also regarded as Raised-cosine window

A. Hamming window

B. Hanning window

C. Barlett window

D. Blackman window

ANSWER:B

24.In Barlett window the triangular function resembles the tapering of rectangular window sequence

A. linearly

B. elliptically

C. hyperbolically

D. parabolically

ANSWER:A
 25.In linear phase realization equal valued coefficients are taken common for reducing the requisite
number of

A. adders

B. subtractors

C. multipliers

D. dividers

ANSWER:C

Unit-5

1.Which of the following methods are used in sampling rate conversion of a digital signal

a) D/A convertor and A/D convertor

b) Performing entirely in digital domain

c) Only by filtering

d) D/A convertor A/D convertor & Performing entirely in digital domain

Answer: d

2.In which of the following sampling rate conversion are used

a) Narrow band filters

b) Digital filter banks

c) Quadrature mirror filters

d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d

3.To what value should the bandwidth of x(n) has to be reduced in order to avoid aliasing

a) F/D

b) F/2D

c) F/4D
 d) 2F/D

Answer: b

4.To change the sampling rate for better efficiency in two or multiple stages the decimation and
interpolation factors must be _________unity

a. Less than

b. Equal to

c. Greater than

d. greater than or equal to

Answer :c

5.Decimation is a process in which the sampling rate is __________

a. enhanced

b. stable

c. reduced

d. unpredictable

Answer: c

6. In direct form realization for an interpolator which among the following generates an intermediate
signal

a. Upsampler

b. Downsampler

c. Anti-imaging filter

d. Anti-aliasing filter

Answer: a

7.In the implementation of resampling-----------process is followed by -----------process

a. interpolation, decimation

b. decimation, interpolation
 c. filtering , decimation

d. interpolation, filering

Answer: a

8.Advantages of multi-rate processing

a.distortion due to sampling is reduced

b.distortion due to quantization is reduced

c.the hardware cost is due to

d.all the above

Answer:d

9.Up sampling in time domain causes

a .expansion in frequency domain

b. compression in frequency domain

c. no change in frequency domain

d. none of the above

Answer:a

10.Let s[n] be any discrete-time signal with energy Es The signal is downsampled by 2 What

is the energy of the resultant signal if there is no aliasing after decimation

a.Es

b.1/2Es

c.1/4Es

d.2Es

Answer: b.
11.For which of the following operations the original signal can always be reconstructed from the

output signal

a. Upsampling by 3 followed by decimation by 3

b. Upsampling by 6 followed by decimation by 2

 c. a & b

d. Upsampling by 2 followed by decimation by 3

Answer: c

12.Let s[n] be any discrete-time signal with energy Es. The signal is upsampled by 2 What is the

energy of the resultant signal if there is no aliasing after upsampling

a.Es

b.1/2Es

c.1/4Es

d.2Es

Answer: Es

13.Decimation is a process in which the sampling rate is __________

a. enhanced

b. stable

c. reduced

d. unpredictable

ANSWER:(c)

14. Anti-imaging filter with cut-off frequency ωc = π/ I is specifically used _______ upsampling

process for the removal of unwanted images.

a. Before

b. At the time of

c. After

d. Any time of

ANSWER: (c) After

15.If x(n) and y(n ) are input and output of a interpolator with sampling rate conversion factor B then

A. y(n)=x(Bn)
 B. y(n)=x(n/B)

C. y(n)=x(n)/B

D. y(n)=Bx(n)

ANSWER: B

16. The down sampler is a

A. Time-invariant system

B. Non linear system

C. Time variant system

d. Static system

ANSWER: C

17. What is the process of converting a signal from a given rate to a different rate

A. Sampling

B. Normalizing

C. Sampling rate conversion

d. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

18. If Fx and Fy are the sampling rates of the input and output signals respectively then what is the value
of Fy/Fx

A. D/I

B. I/D

c. I.D

D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

19. What is the process of increasing the sampling rate by a factor I

A. Sampling rate conversion

 B. Interpolation

C. Decimation

D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

20. The filter used to limit the bandwidth of input signal to decimator is called as

A. Anti-aliasing filter

B. Anti-imaging filter

C. Band pass filter

D. Ban reject filter

ANSWER: B

21. Anti-aliaing and anti-imaging filters are

A. High pass filter

B.Low pass filter

C. Band pass filter

D. Ban reject filter

ANSWER: B

22.The output spectrum of a decimator is

A. scaled stretched and shifted versions of input spectrum

B. scaled compressed and shifted versions of input spectrum

C. scaled compressed versions of input spectrum

D. shifted versions of input spectrum

ANSWER: A

23.The sampling rate conversion by a factor of I/D is employed when sampling rate conversion is
required by

A. Integer
 B. Non-Integer

C. reduced

D. None of the above

ANSWER: B

24. Finite word length effects are due to

A. Quantization of input

B. Quantization of coefficents

C. Quantization of product

D. All of the above

ANSWER: D

25.The maximum size of the binary information that can be stored in a register is called

A.Quantization word length

B.register word length

C.finite word length

D.Quantization step size

ANSWER: B