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Adenovirus, Influenza, RSV, CMV, Parainfluenza, EBV: Most Common

This document discusses various infections and inflammations of the throat. It describes bacterial pharyngitis/tonsillitis which can be caused by streptococcus bacteria and treated with penicillin. It also mentions acute nasopharyngitis (the common cold) which is usually a mild viral upper respiratory infection. More severe infections discussed include retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, and epiglottitis which can cause airway obstruction and require emergency treatment including antibiotics and intubation.

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Soojung Nam
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140 views2 pages

Adenovirus, Influenza, RSV, CMV, Parainfluenza, EBV: Most Common

This document discusses various infections and inflammations of the throat. It describes bacterial pharyngitis/tonsillitis which can be caused by streptococcus bacteria and treated with penicillin. It also mentions acute nasopharyngitis (the common cold) which is usually a mild viral upper respiratory infection. More severe infections discussed include retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, and epiglottitis which can cause airway obstruction and require emergency treatment including antibiotics and intubation.

Uploaded by

Soojung Nam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THROAT

BACTERIAL PHARYNGITIS/TONSILLITIS = acute inflammation and infection of the throat or tonsils


ETIOLOGY SIGNS/SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT
VIRAL Hoarseness Sore throat Saline gargles
Adenovirus, Conjunctivitis Fever Lozenges
influenza, RSV, Runny nose Headache Analgesics
CMV, Cough/cold Anorexia Increase fluids
parainfluenza, Enlarged tonsils
EBV Cervical adenopathy

BACTRIAL Abdominal pain Penicillin 125-250mg q8hrs for 10 days


Group A strep (late Scarlitina rash (%00 mg bid if child > 60 lbs.)
winter/early spring) Strawberry tongue IM penicillin G benzathine
Neisseria + strep test (600,00 U if < 60 lbs., 1.2 mil U if > 60 lbs.)
gonorrhea (from Amoxicillin (25 mg/kg/dose, bid, 10 days) –
oral sex) better taste
Erythromycin or other 1st generation
cephalosporin if allergic to PNC
For Neisseria gonorrhea:
wt. < 45 kg : Ceftriaxone 125 mg single dose
wt. > 45 kg : Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM +
Azithromycin 1g PO

ACUTE NASOPHARYNGITIS (COMMON COLD) = acute viral infection of upper


respiratory system (usually involves nose, sinuses, middle ears, conjunctiva)
ETIOLOGY SIGNS/SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT
RSVmost common Dry cough, Sneezing Fever/Pain control w/ acetaminophen
Rhinorrhea/nasal congestion & ibuprofen
Overcrowding Irritability Saline nose drops
Sometimes low-grade fever Humidification
Decrease appetite Increase fluids
Headache Good hand hygiene
Clear lung sounds Should resolve on own in 1 – 3 weeks

RETROPHARYNGEAL AvuSCESS = Infection of tonsils forms into an abscess (lymph nodes most
common at age 3 but otherwise rare)
ETIOLOGY SIGNS/SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT
Staphylococcus aureus, Acute onset of high fever Emergency referral to ENT –
Group A strep Severe throat pain will need to be admitted
Usually proceeded by Drooling/difficulty swallowing to ICU if severe airway
URI, pharyngitis, Stridor obstruction→Will
sinusitis Neck hyperextension receive I&D and
Common at age 3 Noisy respirations IV antibiotics

PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS = Infection of tonsils forms into an abscess (any age)


ETIOLOGY SIGNS/SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT
Group A strep most common High fever Emergency referral to ENT –
Staphylococcus aureus, Severe throat pain will need to be admitted
Usually proceeded by Muffled voice to ICU if severe airway
URI, pharyngitis, Drooling/difficulty swallowing obstruction→Will
sinusitis Bad breath receive I&D and
Common at age 3 Unilateral tonsil enlargement IV antibiotics
Uvula displaced to unaffected side

CERVICAL LYMPHADENITIS (Cervical adenitis) = Inflammation/Infection effective cervical


lymph node (s)
ETIOLOGY SIGNS/SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT
Streptococcus Large unilateral cervical Treat empirically w/ oral antibiotics (dicloxacillen,
pyogenes, Staph mass > 2-6 cm that is amoxicillin clavulanate or cephalexin) for min 10 days
ylococcus aureus tender on palpation Cold compress
Mycobacterium Swollen neck Fever/Pain control w/ acetaminophen & ibuprofen
tuberculosis Fever Reevaluate in 36 to 48 hours – if no improvement or
Stridor, hoarseness worsening refer to ED for hospitalization & ENT consult

EPIGLOTTITIS = Severe rapid inflammation/swelling of supra-glottic structures


ETIOLOGY SIGNS/SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT
Group A Acute onset of high fever Do not attempt to visualize suspected
Streptococci Severe throat pain Provide CPR and oxygenation while
pneumococci, Muffled voice emergency transport arrives and can
Haemophilus Drooling/difficulty provide nasotracheal intubation
influenza swallowing & breathing Radiograph shows “thumb sigh”
Neck hyperextension Will be placed on IV antibiotics for 2-
Leaning forward with 3 days, discharged on 10 day course
chin thrust forward Corticosteroid to reduce swelling
Respiratory distress

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