Definition of Elevator

Elevators - a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for

raising and lowering people or things to different floors or
levels.

Different types of elevator

1. Geared and Gearless Traction Elevator

Geared and Gearless Traction elevators can be separated into three different
categories:

 Traction Elevator
This elevator has ropes that pass over a wheel attached
to an electric motor located above the shaft. The main
function of the ropes is to raise and lower the elevator car.

 Geared Traction Elevator

The geared elevator is made up of a motor that has a
gearbox attached to it. The main function of the gears is
to power the wheel that moves the ropes.

 Gearless Traction Elevator

Gearless elevators don’t have a gear for speed
regulation.

2. Hydraulic Elevator
Hydraulic elevators are normally given support by a bottom-placed piston. The
purpose is to push the elevator car up while an electric motor forces hydraulic
fluid down the piston.

 Roped Hydraulic Elevator

This type applies the use of both ropes and a
piston to enhance the motion of the elevator car.

 Conventional Hydraulic Elevator

Designed with an elevator pit, it comes with a
sheave that extends beneath the floor of the pit.
As the elevator begins to drop, the pit supports a
retracting piston. In some configurations, a
conventional hydraulic elevator may require a
 shallower hole below the pit that accepts a collapsing telescoping piston when
the elevator drops.

 Hole-less Hydraulic Elevator

The Hole-less Hydraulic Elevator is similar to the conventional one, but it doesn’t
require a hole or sheave fixed below the pit. It has telescoping pistons at the
base of the pit.

3. Machine-Room-Less (MRL) Elevator

Most elevators are designed with a machine
room located above the elevator shaft. This type
of elevator has a machine fitted in the override
space, and it can only be accessed through the
top of the elevator car whenever maintenance is
required.

4. Vacuum (Air Driven) Home Elevator

Introduced to the elevator community in 2005, vacuum
elevators do not use any cables or pulley system to
operate. These Air-Driven elevators operate based on the
natural laws of physics. Constructed with polycarbonate
and aluminum materials, this lift system is basically a tube
in a sealed vacuum. The air beneath and above the
elevator car is what facilitates movement.

Parts of Elevator

Speed Governors
The speed regulating system of elevators is known as
the speed governor.If the elevator runs more than the
speed limit, the speed governor controls the speed. It is
usually attached to the bottom of the car and is also
known as governor rope.

Electric Motor
In case the lift faces any serious condition, Electric
Motors helps in preventing it and provides a smooth
functioning of lifts.

Elevator Rails
Sliding up and down in the elevators is possible with the proper functioning of
Elevator Rails.

Cabin
This is the main part of Elevator which is designed for the shipment of goods and
services or the passage of persons.

Elevator Shaft
Lift cabin moves in this space. Depending upon the type of elevator, the location of
the shaft can be varied.

Doors
As normal doors, elevator doors are also meant for entry and exit. Elevator door is
of two types: Manual doors and Automatic doors.

Manual doors: These types of doors are opened with the help of a person who
wants to enter the lift.
Automatic doors: Automatic doors are the type of doors which are automatically
opened as it is powered by a door operator.

Drive unit
Everything that works under electricity must have a motor attached for the
functioning. Drive unit is the part which contains a motor that drives the lift.

Buffers
The buffer is an apparatus located at the bottom of elevator designed to protect
people. Buffers can stop a descending car by accumulating or dissipating the kinetic
energy of the car.

Safety device
This is a mechanical device attached to the elevator for safety reasons. In case the
lift travels downward with a maximum speed or over the speed limit, safety device
can maintain a safety and secure traveling.

Definition of Ramps

Ramps - When space permits, a sloping

surface, or ramp, can be used to connect
different levels or floors. As a means of saving
space in some garages, every floor serves as a
ramp. Each floor is split longitudinally, each
section sloping gradually in opposite directions
to meet the next level above and below.
Ramps are especially useful when large numbers of people or vehicles have to be
moved from floor to floor. So they are frequently adopted for public buildings, such
as railroad stations, stadiums, and exhibition halls. And they are either legally
required or highly desirable for all buildings, especially to accommodate persons in
wheelchairs. In all cases, ramps should be constructed with a nonslip surface.

Different Types of Ramps

Permanent Ramps
The wheelchair ramps can be divided into the
permanent ramps, the semi-permanent ramps
and the portable ramps. First we will look at
the permanent ramps are constructed in such
a way that they will remain there forever.
Such ramps are constructed in places where
they are to be used by many people like in a
in a disabled hospital. They can also be built
in a place where few people get into but frequently. Concrete is the perfect choice
for these ramps but steel and wood can also be used. It is advisable to construct
rails on the ramps for the convenience and the safety of the user. The cost of
building these ramps varies depending on their steepness and their length.

Semi-permanent Ramps
The semi-permanent wheelchair ramps
are meant for temporary usage. They
are mostly needed for a short period of
time like in a trade fair or exhibitions to
make such events accessible for
people using wheelchairs. The semi-
permanent ramps can also be set up in
a place where people using wheelchairs are expected to arrive for a certain
occasion, for example in a workshop meant for the disabled people. The materials
used to build these ramps are mostly wood and steel. Steel though more expensive,
is preferred since it is sturdier, stronger and heavier as well. It is more durable too.
Concrete is not a good choice for the semi-permanent ramps.

Portable Ramps
The other category of ramps is of portable ramps.
These ramps offer the greatest independence of all to
those using wheelchairs. They are portable and one
can move with them from place to place as needed.
The portable sizes can be folded to help reduce their
size. The material that is commonly used to construct
this type of a ramp is aluminum.
Definition of Walkways

Walkways - a path designed, and sometimes

landscaped, for pedestrian use.

Types of Walkways

Gravel
The easiest and least expensive material
possible is probably gravel, but you still have a
variety of types to choose from. We’ve noticed
that when you select the different stones, the
smaller ones are optimal because you’ll be able
to walk on and to pack them in more tightly.
What does the process look like? Pinpoint where
you’d like to place your walkway, make sure that
you lay down landscape fabric, install edging like
plastic edging and pile that gravel on the land.

Clay Bricks
This is an oldy but a goody – an option that’s been
used for hundreds of years. You see them all of the
time in the yards surrounding historical homes.
Designers love them because they’re elegant and
speak to a timeless essence of the home. But don’t
worry, you’re not giving up durability and flexibility –
bricks are one of the least likely materials to crack or
break under pressure of Mother Nature or life in
general. While you might have the colour red in your
mind, you can actually find these in all sorts of hues.
Bonus? They’re easy to install, even if you’re just
looking for an update to your current walkway.

Natural Stone
When you think of natural stone, you may be
thinking of a more premium looking home and
landscaping scheme. It works with all sorts of
different styles of architecture and is another
option that comes in different shapes, designs and colours. The trade-off here is that
natural stone can mean a bit more maintenance, especially if you go the route of
stone like slate. The reason is that natural stones like this can chip, especially if they
see a lot of excess moisture on a regular basis. You’d think that any sort of walkway
would see a lot of moisture, right? That’s correct, but the mitigation step is sealing it
frequently.

Definition of Lift

Lift – are a design that conveys only one person. Lifts

are the mechanisms that lift us to our desired level. An
elevator is a type of vertical transport equipment that
efficiently leads people or assets within a building's
floors.

Types of Lift

Hospital Lift - Used in hospital & treatment centers.

Designed for transporting large carts or furniture.

High Residential Lift - For high rise residential buildings such

as flat, apartment or condominium. Needs regular
maintenance because high frequency of its use every day or
possibility of vandalism.

Institution Lift - Used in library, office, classroom or

lecture hall located at high
altitudes.
Store Lift - Used to transport heavy goods but depends on types of good
transported. Usually used in shopping complex, airports, hotels, warehouse.

Lift of Cars - Used specifically to lift a car in multi storey car

park or showroom.