See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/337261115

Development of an Android Mobile Timetable Management Application for

Library and Information Technology Department, Federal University of
Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Conference Paper · November 2019

CITATION READS

1 1,191

3 authors, including:

Fasola Abifarin Shaka Apodoghe Imavah

Federal University of Technology Minna Federal University of Technology Minna
24 PUBLICATIONS   25 CITATIONS    10 PUBLICATIONS   5 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Response Time Performance Assessment of Greenstone and DSpace in Handling Rich Text Data View project

Design and Implementation of Android Mobile Library System View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Shaka Apodoghe Imavah on 14 November 2019.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANDROID MOBILE TIMETABLE MANAGEMENT

APPLICATION FOR LIBRARY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA

Peter E. MATHIAS, Fasola P. ABIFARIN and Shaka A. IMAVAH

Department of Library Information Technology
Federal University of Technology, Minna
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The aim of this research work was to study the existing timetable approach of the department
of Library and Information Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna with a view
to improving it. The findings of the study showed that the paper-based manual approach was
adopted by the department in which the department publishes and disseminates its timetable
on the departmental notice board which serves as the only means of correspondence between
the students and the department; the students are then bound with the responsibility of
accessing the content of the timetable. The Structured System Analysis and Design approach
was adopted for the study. Fact finding techniques adopted include observation, record
inspection and interview. The findings from preliminary investigation showed that the current
approach used for publishing and disseminating the timetable is a paper-based approach and
it was concluded that the approach is not efficient in managing the proximity between the
students and the content of the timetable. Therefore, an Android Mobile Timetable Application
was recommended, developed and implemented to primarily provide a platform for managing
academic activities such as lectures, tests and exams for the students of the department. Further
recommendations include redesigning the to include an administrator interface for easy
uploads of timetable in a centralised database which is accessible to registered users; to build
application version that can run on other popular mobile operating systems like Apple iOS and
Microsoft Windows, etc., and to incorporate Google Map so as to allow lecture venues to be
easily located for students who are not familiar with the school environment, especially newly
matriculated students.

Keywords: Library Information Technology, Timetable Management, Students

Introduction
Smart phones have become a part of the everyday culture among students and teachers alike.
Smartphones are now more ubiquitous, user-friendly, powerful in computation, and readily
available prompting innovators to delve into the development of complex mobile applications
in order to enjoy the full potentials smart mobile phones can offer.
A timetable is the plan of lecture time and duration, lecture venue and lecture date between
teachers and students in a prefixed time period (typically a week), satisfying a set of varying
constraints. Timetables are crucial for lecture scheduling and proper allocation of resources
such as time and venues for lectures or examinations. A perfectly planned timetable serves as
a tool for aiding time management among individuals and organizations. This in turn leads to
efficiency and positive outcomes in performances.
The Department of Library and Information Technology of the Federal University of
Technology, Minna adopts a paper-based style of publishing and disseminating its academic

6
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

timetable. This paper-based approach exhibits some bottlenecks that limits and at some point,
hinders the necessary detailed information that the timetable stands to pass to the students.
It has become necessary however, to study the existing timetable approach of the department
to enhance the participation of students and/or lecturers in the academic activities of the
department.
The potentials of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be harnessed to
enhance the current paper-based approach of publishing timetables in the Department of
Library and Information Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna by developing
an Android Mobile Timetable System that is easy to access and use.
Statement of the Problem
There have been obvious lapses in the paper-based approach adopted by Department of Library
and Information Technology, Federal University, Minna in preparing and publishing students’
lectures and examination timetables. The paper-based approach has been observed to be
inefficient in communicating the content of the timetable to its end users, the students. Most
times, the students have to physically visit the notice boards in order to access their lectures or
examination timetables and scribble the contents on pieces of papers or take a photo of the
timetable with their smartphones and save it to their gallery. Students usually end up misplacing
the paper or losing track of the image on their phones thereby making it difficult for them to
remember their lecture schedules. Therefore, there is a need for the development of an Android
Mobile Timetable System that can fix the glitches of the current manual system.
Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to develop an Android mobile timetable management application for
Department of Library and Information Technology, Federal University of Technology,
Minna. The specific objectives are to:
i. examine the processes involved in paper-based timetable preparation;
ii. verify the factors considered when preparing a paper-based timetable;
iii. identify the problems encountered with the existing paper-based approach;
iv. consider the proximity between the existing manual timetable approach and its users;
v. develop a mobile timetable application for the students in the department;

Significance of the Study

The completion and success of this research work will bring about substantial changes and
enhancement to the current paper-based timetable approach in use at the department. This study
will also provide implementable solution to the existing challenges experienced by the students
of LIT department of the FUT, Minna.
The outcome of this study will be an enhanced, efficient, portable, user-friendly and interactive
mobile application that can assist students, academically by publishing and disseminating the
content of the current paper-based timetable on their smart phones for easy access.
Literature Review
The word “Timetable” consists of two words “time” and “table”. Generally, this gives relations
to a table that lists times events are supposed to take place. (Schittenhelm Bernd, 2013). A
timetable is the plan of lecture time and duration, lecture venue and lecture date between
teachers and students in a pre-fixed time period (typically a week), satisfying a set of varying
constraints. Souza as cited by Abdullah (2008) opines that a timetable is the total schedule of
a specific teaching, which will be attended by a group of students and the lecturer, at a specified
7
 2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

time. It requires specific resources such as room, teaching aid and the like. Scheduling is
parallel to the resources made available besides fulfilling other needs.
Timetabling is the method by which the curriculum is brought to the students. The head of a
school or department has a number of resources at his/her command – lecturers, teaching
regions, finance as well as time.
By using a timetable, these resources are organized to provide the highest probable educational
prospects and alternatives for students in the most profitable manner.

Timetable is one of the specific methods of general scheduling problem. A viable timetable is
one that can achieve the compression of activities specified in a given format. These activities
could be the group of activities that need to be available and the group that necessarily does
not require its availability at an exact time (Souza, 2000).

Factors to be Considered while Designing a Timetable

In every institution or department, there is the need to design a good timetable that shares the
academic activities among its resources effectively. A good timetable consists of several
quality measures. The factors that lead to these measures are:
i.The Students: This is by far the largest in volume. The students seldom have much influence
on the outcome of the different planning problems. And due to the number of students involved,
it is difficult to declare what is the best timetable for the students as they all might have different
wants and needs (Technical University of Denmark, 2013).
ii.The Lecturer: The teachers have a little more influence on the outcome than the students and
they do also request a compressed timetable. Furthermore, they might have some restrictions
on which day and time they want to give lessons or exams (Technical University of Denmark,
2013).
iii.Time: This is an important factor that needs to be carefully checked before designing a
timetable. The number of periods per day; the number of periods per subject; the length of a
period; and the use of double, single or triple periods need to be adequately organized in the
right proportion with time.
iv.Location: The venue for the activities must be systematically selected amongst other venue so
as to avoid clash of activities. Locations are chosen and time is assigned according to the period
pattern.
v.Activity: This is one of the major factors that must be considered. There are various kind of
academic activities but we will refer to only lecturing, test and examination activities in this
study. These activities include courses and these courses are assigned credit loads (units). They
are also divided into core courses and elective courses.

8
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Overview of an Android Platform

An operating system, a middleware and key applications are all components of Android which
serve as a software stack for mobile devices. The required tools and Application Program
Interfaces (APIs) for developing applications using the Android platform through Java
programming language are provided by the Android Software Development Kit (SDK).

Home Contacts Phone ...

APPLICATION
FRAMEWORK
Activity Window Content View
Manager s Manager System
Manager

Package Technology Resource Location Notification

Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager

LIBRARIES ANDROID
RUNTIME
Surface Media SQLite Core
Manager Framework Libraries

OpenGL/E FreeType WebKit Dalvik Virtual

S Machine

SGL SSL libc

LINUX KERNEL
Display Camera Flash Binder (IPC)
Driver Driver Memory Driver
Driver
Keypad WiFi Driver Audio Drivers Power
Driver Management

Fig. 1: Architecture of Android

Research Methodology
Structured System Analysis and Design approach was adopted for the study. Structured System
Analysis and Design defines a system graphically by making use of a set of process models.
This is because its emphases are on processes that convert data into beneficial information;
structured analysis is referred to as a process-centered method.

9
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Structured analysis is used to model the processes, it also addresses relational database design,
data organization and structure, and user interface issues (Shelly and Rosenblatt, 2012).
According to Rouse (2008), an application development is divided into modules, steps, stages
and tasks in the Structure System Analysis and Design Method, and delivers a structure for
labeling projects in a fashion suited to handling the project. This part of the research presents
how to develop an android mobile application for timetable. The finished version of the
application (in respect to design and functionality) was regarded based on the background study
of the manually published timetable and the available applications and tools connected to it.

The various components of this research were cautiously evaluated using various strategies for
its analytical representation throughout the study. The use of the present paper-based timetable
and its accessibility to students were closely observed in order to fully understand how the
timetable was published and how fast and easy students could access it. This was to make sure
that all inadequacies and flaws were taken note of. Interview interaction with personnel who
were involved in the paper-based timetable preparation and dissemination (publishing) was
undertaken in order to obtain more facts and have a better comprehension of the existing
system. Inspection of past records (timetables) and steps that were taken before after and
publishing them was also undertaken.

The Data Presentation methods used in this work are as follows:

(i) Entity – Relationship Diagram: A network model that defines the stored data layout
of a system at a great level of abstraction is known as an Entity-Relationship
Diagrams. It illustrates the logical associations and communication among the
entities of a system. An Entity Relationship Diagram delivers a general view of the
system as well as a blueprint that can be used to create the physical data structures
(Gary Shelly, Harry Rosenblatt, 2012).
(ii) Diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML), is a type of fixed diagram that
defines system’s structure by displaying the system's classes, their attributes,
operations (or methods), and the relationships among the classes.

(iii) A use case diagram is a demonstration of a user's interaction with the system and
showing the specifications of a use case (Bittner and Spencer, 2002). Use case stated
simply, makes us to define sequence of events that put together lead to a useful
function of a system.

System Analysis, Design and Implementation

Description of the Existing Approach
The preparation of the timetable for the university is done by a timetable committee set-up by
various schools (faculties) including the e-exam centre which serve as a unit on its own.
Members of the timetable committee are mostly exam officers from different departments.

10
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

The timetable is automatically generated after the timetable committee successfully allocate
time slots, space, venue, lecturers, etc. considering the number of the students for each event
(lecture/test/exam) and the volume capacity of the venues. Then it is manually compiled and
distributed in paper format. Each department then extract courses that are relevant from the
school (faculty) timetable.

After the extraction and production of the department’s version of the timetable, the exam
officers then endorse the timetable and seek the Head of Department’s approval for publishing
the timetable.

The approved timetable is then finally pasted on the department’s notice board because the
notice board is the available medium of passing correspondences across to the students. The
students upon contact with the timetable on the notice board become responsible for the
proximity between the timetable and themselves.

Timetable Timetable is
committee Timetable is compiled and
deliberates on automatically distributed in paper
lecture/exam generated format
schedule

Timetable is
pasted on the Each department
Exam officers
departmental extracts its own
endorses the
notice board for relevant lecture/exam
timetable through the
users to contact schedule
HOD’s approval

Fig. 2: Diagrammatic Representation of the Existing Timetable Approach

Students of the department of Library and Information Technology of Federal University of

Technology, Minna manage their timetable in several ways such as:

- Copying the content of the timetable on paper.

- Using “To-do list” on their mobile phones.
- Using draft messages on their mobile phones,
- Capturing a digital image of the paper timetable with their smartphones.
- Verbal Communication
The paper approach involved students designing the timetable on a piece of paper usually in
tabular form (with columns representing days, and row representing the entire schedule for that
day). So, they carry it along in order to know when and where, the next lecture would take
place. This is no doubt the most widely used method of timetable management.

Another approach is using a “To-do list” application on mobile phones to add schedules.
Alarms can be attached to the events as well.

The other approach which is typing in the events of the timetable as draft messages in mobile
phones thereby checking on their phones from time to time to see the next lecture schedule.

11
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

The most commonly used method as observed during analysis is capturing a digital image of
the paper timetable, which is then saved in the phone’s image gallery, so that the students can
check the image to see their lecture schedules from time to time.

The students also ask about a schedule from other colleagues through the verbal approach.

Problems of the Existing System

The following shortcomings of the existing paper-based timetable system are outlined as
follows:

i. Students initially have only one point of contact with the timetable which is the notice
board since it is the only medium of passing correspondences across to the students.

ii. The students have to copy out the timetable on paper or other means as highlighted
above.
iii. The students have to carry the paper always in order to see their lecture or test
schedules, and this approach is not reliable as one can forget about the schedules.
iv. The other draft message approach is more or less like the paper approach in that the
student has to keep referring to it constantly to know the next lecture schedule
likewise the digital image approach.

v. Making use of the “To-Do list” application has a major problem in that the alarms are
not continual, that is, alerts are given just once. The alarms expire once the event time
has reached.

vi. The verbal communication approach is still not suitable for use because information
communicated verbally is not always complete and accurate.

Overview of the Proposed System

The proposed system handles the faults of the current system. It is aimed at providing a better
approach to timetable management by designing an android application that will enable student
to manage their schedules with ease. Below are the features of the proposed system.
i. It will allow students create among lecture, assessment (test) or exam schedules,
update an existing schedule and also delete a particular schedule (when the schedule
is over for the semester or it has been changed).
ii. The application will have a provision for notification reminder so that its user gets
informed, minutes before the commencement of the lecture, as such there is no need
12
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

for the user to be frequently checking their phones to see the next schedule (the
application would handle that for them).
iii. The students can access their timetable from any android device running the
application so long as they remember the login details of their account.

13
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Entity Relationship Diagram

Entity-Relationship Diagram can be seen as a network model that defines the layout of the
stored data of a system at a great level of abstraction. It focuses on the relationship between
data stores or between entities in a database or system. It illustrates the logical structure of
databases. Senn (2004) refers to it as a graphical illustration of the items (the entities) of
importance about which data is taken and stored in the database.

view_id

fName lecturer
matric_no
matric_no
cos_title
lName sTime
phone

cos_code
fTime
level

venue
password day

student_table lecture_table
inserts

crea
inse
tes
rts

test_exam_table creates alarm_id_table

cos_title view_id
venue
lecturer
reg_number
matric_no
time
cos_code view_id
alarm_id
date
view_id
matric_no

Fig. 3: Entity Relationship Diagram of the Proposed Application Database

14
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

System Design
System design is a method where the information accessible through system analysis is
implemented with related knowledge to achieve a related goal. For a system to emerge after
investigation, a good number of input and output are to be defined so as to realize the set
objectives of the project. The aim of the design phase of system is to produce a physical model
that will fulfill all documented requirements for the system. During this stage, the user interface
is designed and necessary outputs are identified, inputs, and processes. Additionally, internal
and external controls are designed, as well as computer-based and manual features to guarantee
that the system will be reliable, accurate, maintainable, and secure (Shelly and Rosenblatt,
2012).

Use Case Diagram

A use case diagram visually denotes the relations between users and the information system.
In a use case diagram, the user is represented as an actor, who is assigned a specific role that
describes how he or she communicates with the system (Shelly and Rosenblatt, 2012). The use
case diagram for the proposed system is shown in the diagram below.

Register/Login

Create/Manage
Lecture Schedule

Create/Manage
Test/ExamSchedule

Student
Manage
Settings

Fig. 4: Student Use Case Diagram

The above Use Case Diagram represents all the tasks or activities that a student can perform
using the application. The functions are discussed in details as thus:
Login or Register:
Before users can make use of the application, they must enter major account details such as
Matriculation Number and Password which must be correct, or create a new account. Users
can also logout of the application.
Create or Manage Lecture Schedules:
A user can add, update or delete lecture schedules.
Create or Manage Test/Examination Schedules:

15
 2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

A user can add, edit or delete assessment schedules

Manage Settings:
A user can modify the application’s default settings to a desired choice.

Class Diagram

Class Diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML), is a type of fixed diagram that defines

system’s structure by displaying the system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods),

and the relationships among the classes.

USER Manages
SETTINGS
Edit Profile () First Name: VARCHAR
Ma Last Name: VARCHAR LECTURE SCHEDULE
About Developer na
Log Out () ges Matric No.: VARCHAR Course Code: VARCHAR
Exit () Password: VARCHAR Course Title: VARCHAR
Level: VARCHAR Course Lecturer: VARCHAR
TEST/EXAM SCHEDULE Phone No.: VARCHAR Start Time: TIMESTAMP
Course Code: VARCHAR Login() Stop Time: TIMESTAMP
Course Title: VARCHAR Register () Date: DATE
Time: TIMESTAMP Create Lecture () Venue: VARCHAR
Date: DATE Manage Lecture () Assign View ID ()
Venue: VARCHAR Create Test/Exam () Display Test/Exam ()
Assign View ID () Manage Test/Exam () Send Notification ()
Display Test/Exam () Visit School Website() Change Sound Profile ()
Send Notification () Modify Settings()
Change Sound Profile ()
Fig. 5: Class Diagram for Android Mobile Timetable Alert Application
System Database Schema
User: (matric_no:text, FName:text, iName:text, password:text, phone_number:text,
Level:text, imageURI:text)
Lecture Schema: (matric_no:text, viewID:text, Day:text, cos_code:text, cos_title:text,
venue:text, Ftime:text, Stime: text, lecturer:text)
Assessment Schema: (matric_no:text, viewID:text, Date:text, cos_code:text, cos_title:text,
venue:text, Ftime:text, lecturer:text)
Alarm ID: (matric_no:text, viewID:text, alarm_ID:text)
16
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Flowchart of the Application

LOGIN/REGIS MAIN
TER MENU

LECTURES TESTS/EXA HELP SETTINGS

MS

ADD ADD EDIT

COURSE SCHEDULE PROFILE

ABOUT
DEVELOPE

LOG OUT

EXIT

Fig. 6: Flowchart of the Application

Application Description
Login/Register
- The users log in to their account with their account details (Matric Number and
Password).
- Users can register new accounts by filling the required fields in the registration form.
Main Menu
- The main menu contains the Lecture tab, Test/Exam tab, Settings tab and Help tab.
- A user selects any option (tab) for use.
Lectures

17
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

- When the Lecture tab is selected, the Add Course layout is provided for the user to
add details of the lecture schedule to the fields provided.
Test/Exam
- When the Test/Exam tab is selected, the Add Schedule layout is provided for the user
to add details of a test/exam schedule to the fields provided.
Help
- The Help option gives a description or directions on how to make use of the
application.
Settings
- Edit Profile: To make changes to the user’s profile
- About Developer: Information about the developer
- Log Out: To log out of the user’s account
- Exit: To close the application.

System Requirement
This system is mobile phone based. The various necessities (resources) needed for proper
functionality of the proposed system are: software components resources, and hardware
requirements.

Software requirement
Software is a set of instruction that instructs a computer on what to do. The software required
for effective functionality of the proposed system is Android Operating System (OS) Version
4.0 or above.
Hardware Requirement
Hardware offers a platform that serves to supports the software on a computer and mobile
devices. The software developer has to identify each hardware element that will be necessary.
The hardware requirements for the operation of the proposed system are:
- Internal Memory of 10MB or above
- Mobile phone or tablet that supports android operating system.

Description of User Interface Design

Main Menu Activity
Figure 7 is the main menu activity which shows options from which the user can select, among
the options are: Time Table, Assessment, Special Numbers and many more.

18

Fig. 7: Main Menu Activity

2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

19
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Registration Activity

Fig 7.2 shows the registration page which is displayed if the user clicked on sign up text on the
login page. If the user clicks next button, the activity will validate the form entries before it
takes the user to the next step.

Leve

Fig. 7.2: Registration

Lecture Activity Activity

Fig 7.3 is the timetable activity, which shows the lecture Schedules for the selected Tab, which
shows all the lecture schedules.
Test/Exam Activity

Fig 7.4 is the assessment activity that shows the list of assessment schedules of the user, with
the dialogue option that appears when a long click is made on a list, so as to delete or edit a
particular schedule.

20 Fig. 7.4: Test/Exam Activity

Fig. 7.3: Lecture Activity
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Add Schedules to Lecture Activity

Fig 7.5 shows the add timetable schedules activity, it is invoked if the add icon on the action

bar of the timetable activity is clicked, it displays the add activity which enables the user to fill

in a form about his lecture schedules.

Settings Activity

Fig 7.6 is the settings activity which provides an interface where the user can make changes to

the application’s default settings.

Fig. 7.6: Settings Activity

Fig. 7.5: Add Schedules to Lecture
Activity

21
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

The primary objective of conducting this research is to examine the current paper-based
timetable approach adopted by the department, by identifying its precise nature, the tasks
involved in producing and publishing it, the setbacks encountered which were obtained from
the data gathered as well as providing a solution for solving the problems and designing an
android timetable application for the students. After exploring existing timetable applications
from Google Playstore and deliberating on the design output interface and functionality, Java
programming language and XML were used as a development tool in developing the software
that can be used for managing lecture schedules for the students of LIT department of the
Federal University of Technology, Minna.

The following recommendations were made:

(I) The project can be redesigned to include an admin that will be responsible for
uploading each timetable in the database of the application which will become
accessible to every registered user.
(ii) Further work could be done so as to spread the application to run on other popular
mobile operating system platforms like Blackberry, Windows Phone Apple iOS and
Symbian in order to help the users of such platforms enjoy the same experience as
their Android counterpart.
The project can be further enhanced by incorporating Google map API so that lecture
venues can be traced and shown on the mobile map to help new students who are not
familiar with the environment locate the venues.
References
Abdullahi A. (2008) Timetable Management System Using Genetic Algorithm:
http:epository.um.edu.my/277/3/Chapter%202.pdf
Bernd Schittenhelm, (2013). Quantitative Methods for Assessment of Railway Timetables.
DTU Transport Bygningstorvet 116B: DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby
Cooper Tim (2014). The International Series of Conferences on the Practice and Theory of
Automated Timetabling. School Timetable, p8
Dickerson, A. &McIntosh, S. (2010). Sheffield Economic Research Paper Series,
2010007.The Impact of Distance to Nearest Education Institution on the Post-
Compulsory Education Participation Decision, pp 6 - 9
Eddy, N. (2011, December 8). Cloud Computing: Cloud, Mobile Apps, Public Storage Are
Top IT Trends for 2012 and Beyond: Gartner. Retrieved from
http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Cloud-Computing/Cloud-Mobile-Apps-Public-Storage-
Are-Top-IT-Trends-for-2012-and-Beyond-Gartner-130060/
Forti et al (2014). International Journal of Literacy and Technology Mobile Learning. How
Students Use Mobile Devices to Support Learning. p11
Hanson, C. W. (2011). Mobile Devices in 2011Library Technology Reports.47 (2): 11–23.
22
2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

Hosmer Chet, Carlton Jeffcoat, Matt Davis, Thomas McGibbon (2011). Use of Mobile
Technology for Information Collection and Dissemination. A DACS Technology
Assessment Report.
Ice Media Creative (2007). Google playstore.Class Timetable. Retrieved from
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.icemediacreative.timetable
Ingrid (2013). Google Playstore.Quick Timetable. Retrieved from
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.idalmedia.android.timetable
Hoffer, J. A. J.F. George & J.S. Valacich (2004) Structuring System Logical Requirements.
Modern Systems Analysis & Design –, Person Education(pp8-16) Pearson Prentice
Hall: Pearson
Kurt Bittner and Spence Ian (2002). Use Case Modelling. 1st Ed. ISBN-13: 078-5342709131
Kumara Sampath (2012). Manual system VS Computerized Systems.2012 12th International
Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA):Monash
University Sunway Campus. Retrieved from http://stratergies.blogspot.com.ng/
2012/07/manual-system-vs-computerized-systems.html

Margaret Rouse(2008) SSADM (Structured Systems Analysis & Design Method) Retrieved
from http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/SSADM
Megan F. K, and Mendez J. (2014). Mobile Learning: How Students Use Mobile Devices to
Support Learning. International Journal of Literacy and Technology. Pp 65-68.
Naismith, L. and Lonsdale, P. (2004). Literature Review in Mobile Technologies and
Learning. FutureLab Publishing, pp 32.
Newbit (2015). Google Playstore Handy Timetable. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/
store/apps/details?id=com.newbitmobile.handytimetable
Senn James A. (2014). Information Technology: Principles, Practices, and Opportunities
(3rd Edition), ISBN-13: 978-0131436268
Shelly Gary B.,& Rosenblatt Harry J. (2012) Systems Analysis and Design. 9th Ed., Boston
USA: Shelly Cashman Series, Course Technology.
Suhas Holla, &Mahima M. Katti (2012) Android Based Mobile Application Development
and its Security: International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology
volume3Issue 3
Technical University of Denmark Department of Transport (2013). Quantitative Methods for
Assessment of Railway Timetables (PhD Thesis).DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby: DTU
Transport, Bygningstorvet 116B.
Time spread (2015). Google Playstore.Timespread Timetable.Retrieved from
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.timespread.Timetable2
Torberg Falch, Päivi Lujala, Bjarne Strøm (2011) Geographical Constraints and Educational
Attainment, p 4.
Traxler, J. (2003). Mlearning – Evaluating the Effectiveness and the Cost. Proceedings of
MLEARN: Learning with Mobile Devices. London, UK: Learning and Skills
Development Agency, pp 183-188

23
 2019 Conference of Niger State Chapter of Nigerian Library Association (NLA)

UNESCO, (1993). Better Schools: Resource Materials for School Heads in Africa.
http://library.unescoiicba.org/English/Better_Schools/Better%20Schools/MODULE4/
module4_unit2.htm

24

View publication stats