Education is the key to success in life,

and teachers make a lasting impact

in the lives of their students.

By Solomon Ortiz
 Anecdotes Past Simple

Memories Used to and Would for Past Events

Disaster Vacations At, in, on (prepositions) in time

phrases

Supernatural Past Continuous and Past Simple

Eating Habits So, such

Food for thought Too, enough

Travelling abroad Past Perfect

Past Lives? Past Perfect Continuous

Time Travel Past Perfect VS Past Perfect Continuous

 “ANECDOTES”
WARM-UP Look at the pictures and try to think about the anecdotes these people have to share. Invent a story as if you were
the people in the pictures at present. Do you have a similar real embarrassing anecdote?

PAST PAST

READING AND SPEAKING Read the texts and choose the right title for each story.

Glass Walls French Kiss The bizarre bus through Ethiopia

I always use public transport; I believe it is the best way of getting to know a country on vacations. On route from Lake
Wenchi to Addis Ababa I had not only the bumpiest journey of my life but also the most bizarre. Chickens casually
strolling around nibbling on my toes, two goats strapped on the roof, people sitting on my lap meanwhile the driver
also acted as a DJ playing only ABBA tunes for 3 hours. Loved it! 1
When I came for the first time to teach English in China, I crossed the border on a bus from Vietnam. My journey took
around 8 hours and I met two people there, a French guy and a Chinese girl. Once we got off in Nanning, we realized
that there were no tickets available for any trains that night, we had to wait till the morning to carry on to our
destinations. We decided to share the cost of this night’s accommodation and reserved a hotel room with two beds.
Nothing would have been strange about the experience if we knew that it is very common in China for the hotel rooms
to have glass walls in the bathroom. Now, three strangers of different genders had to share a room with transparent
walls in the restroom. After the first shock, we just decided to, in turns, leave one person in the room to shower. Well,
that was the first experience I had with China, and I learned way more strange customs over the years. I highly
recommend you visit China too and discover something mind-blowing yourself! 2
Before exploring the city of love, I wandered into a nearby park to enjoy some long-awaited down time. Unbeknownst
to me, my blissful repose would be cut short by a disheveled meandering charmer. He made his way over, sat down,
and began his flirtations, selectively oblivious to the fact that I was deep in that whole writing alone thing. No matter,
within minutes he somehow managed to kiss my hand, write his number in my journal, and propose that “all French
and Americans kiss on the lips.” With swift persistence, I joked my way on out of there oddly curious about his
disastrous forwardness and, at the same time, infuriated by his violation of my journal. As a relatively new traveler,
this encounter provided a humorous insight into the differences of men throughout the world. Interestingly, I do prefer
to experience new cultures and culture shock right in the face, but maybe not so much on the mouth… 3
 UNIT 1
LESSON 1A

1 BRISTISH ENGLISH VERSUS AMERICAN ENGLISH Check text 3 on the previous page and find the equivalent
of these British words in American English. What is the difference?

1 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ dishevelled
2 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ traveller
What other words are different? Check the table and complete the ones in blank.
3 windshield windscreen
4 muffler silencer
5 suspicious dodgy
6 rude cheeky
7 sleazy smarmy
8 ______________ trousers
9 ______________ flat
10 _____________ lorry
11 underwear _________________
12 sneakers _________________
13 soccer _________________
14 _____________ centre
15 _____________ fizzy drink
16 _____________ holiday

2 PAST EVENTS When we tell an anecdote or narrate a story, we usually use the Past Simple tense. However,
many students still make mistakes when using it. Check this text and make the corrections if any:

A Pissy Anecdote
"My boyfriend come home with me for the holiday break last year and before meeting the family, I brought
him upstairs to drop off his bag. Afterward, we headed downstairs to where everyone — including my
grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins — were waiting in the entryway to greet us. I start the introductions,
and just as my boyfriend reach out to shake my grandmother's hand, I notice something trickling down his
face. I look up and saw our dog perched at the top of the stairs, peeing through the bannister, directly on my
boyfriend's head. As soon as it was obvious that the poor guy had been turned into a wee-wee pad, everyone
cracked up. Well, everyone but my boyfriend. It took him a few hours — and a shower — before he could laugh
it off." — Jess, 28
 “MEMORIES”
WARM-UP Which is your warmest memory from your childhood? Share with the class.

READING AND SPEAKING

1 Read the texts (ignoring the blanks this first time) and choose the correct picture (page on the right) to each story.
My friend and I live in the same apartment building on the same floor, but we’re two
entrances away from each other. When we were little, we (1)______________ have cell
phones, so we decided to make our own “mail” by pulling a rope from her balcony to
mine. It wasn’t too easy, we lived on the second floor after all, but we somehow managed.
It turned out to be real fun: we (2)________ attach a note to the end of one rope, pull the
other, and your note (3)______ start traveling. We (4)____ send these “mails” to each
other every evening. In the morning, the one to wake up first (5)_______ send the first
note. I always (6)______ get up and rush to the balcony where there (7)______ be a note
already waiting saying “Good morning!” I miss those times so much.

As a child, I wrote my last will. All my toys were to go to our cat: my room — to Alex, the
local hobo who (8)________ always say “hi” to me; my etiquette textbook was to go to
my brother, as we’d had a fight not long before. I brought the list to my aunt, who was a
lawyer, and asked her to “apostle” it. She was a resourceful woman, so she sent copies
of my list to all our relatives, crowning it all by putting the original on her desk in a
frame. That way, not only my family (9)_______ laugh at me but all her clients (10)_____
too.

A girl once brought a new doll to kindergarten, and it was so pretty even the boys liked
it. Everyone (11)________ play with it, but I was the one to break it. The girl cried, of
course, so I decided to give her a similar doll. I asked my parents to buy it for me for my
birthday instead of the thing I wanted for myself. They approved, and I gave her that doll
on my birthday. The girl’s joy was the best pay-off I could imagine. And at dinner, my dad
gave me my own present as well. He said I did the right thing, and they were proud of
me.

2 Complete the blanks in the texts using the words in the box. What is the meaning of these expressions?

(not) used to used to (x2) would (x8)

1 Analyse these sentences and explain the difference between the use of WOULD for past routines and USED TO.
a) We used to live in New York when I was a kid. to talk about states and general truths in the past only.
b) There didn’t use to be a petrol station there. When was it built? we can’t use it for things that still happen now.
c) Every Saturday I would go on a long bike ride. to talk about repeated past actions, not states.
d) My teachers would always say “Sit down and shut up!” to talk about routines in the past.

2 What is the difference between USED TO and BE USED TO + gerund (or GET USED TO + gerund)? Discuss with your teacher.
We used to live in a poor house. We are used to living in a poor house.
 UNIT 1
LESSON 1B

3 Complete the blanks appropriately. In some cases, both USED TO or WOULD are possible. However, in other cases,
only USED TO is possible.

1. When he was younger, Bob ___________ often come home exhausted after playing soccer.

2. “You ____________ like him...” – “Yes, but now I hate him!”

3. She _____________ live in London before the war, then she moved to New York.
4. I remember we ________________ go fishing every morning when I was a child. It was great. Now, I am an
accountant and I don't have any free time.
5. The children ___________ often help me to make a cake when they lived here with me.
6. He ___________________ be a very good tennis player, until he broke his ankle.
7. My grandfather __________________ swim in this river. Unfortunately, now it's forbidden.

4 ESSAYS They are about giving information and your opinions, comparing and contrasting. Use a title at the top of your
essay. The title should be interesting so that someone would want to read the text. Check this essay intro and try to
continue the text with your own ideas. In total there must be around 140 and 160 words.

Some people believe that humans should NOT eat meat. Do you agree?

Most people think, myself included, that since animals eat other animals, it is natural for humans to eat meat. However,
some disagree, and a growing number of people are choosing to become vegetarians. So what rationalism stays behind
these two beliefs? First of all, I would like to say that humans have always hunted and eaten animals. Maybe it is our
natural instinct inherited by ancestors that forces us to seek this type of food, however, it is undeniable, that meat is rich
in vitamins and protein, which help to build muscles and bones.

Another point worth mentioning is the fact that…

 “DISASTER VACA
WARM-UP Which is the worst vacation that you remember to have suffered? Share with the class

READING AND SPEAKING

1 Read the text and answer the questions below.
Traveling is awesome. Whether you’re hitting the road for a cross-
country trip or leaving on a jet plane for far-away lands, something
about traveling makes you feel like you’re on top of the world. For a
few days, a few weeks, or (if you’re wealthier than I am) a few
months, you feel like the most adventurous, fabulous, and
impressively cultured person to step foot on this earth. Because like
I said, traveling is awesome…except when it sucks.
Last year, we decided to go cross-
country from Chicago to L.A. I didn’t
want to do it this way but my husband
insisted. He’s very stubborn. So my
whole gang got inside our family car and
we started out the journey. But as you
can imagine, my husband got lost in the
morning and we couldn’t find the right
road exit in the afternoon in the middle
of the US!
It was very hot and the sun was shining
strongly. We were running out of water
and drinks. However, we finally found a
way out after wasting half a day in the
Soul of America. Next time, I’ll spend
some extra money on flight tickets!

QUESTIONS

1) What is the writer’s opinion about travelling?

2) Where were they heading last year on their vacations?
3) Who suggested going cross-country?
4) What happened in the middle of the trip?
5) What made things worse?
6) What is the woman going to do next time?
TIONS”
UNIT 1
LESSON 1C

2 Check the Grammar Box and then complete the exercise AT, IN and ON in time expressions
below.
We use AT with:

 Points of time: at three o’clock, at

midnight, at the end of the lesson.
 Mealtimes: at breakfast, at lunch.
 Special events: at Christmas, at
Easter, at weekends.
 Night in general: at night.

We use IN with:

 Periods of time: in 2014, in April, in

the summer, in the 19th century.
 Parts of the day: in the morning, in
the afternoon, in the evening.
 To express a span of time: in ten
minutes, in two weeks.

We use ON with:

 Particular days or parts of days: on

July 13th, on Sunday night, on a
sunny day.
 In American English, we use it with
weekend in singular: on the
weekend.

Write an essay about the last vacation you had. Try to use
as many time propositions (at, in, on) as possible. Do not
write less than 140 words and no more than 160. Follow this
example:
“On July 2018, I was on vacations. So I decided to
travel abroad for the first time. In my country it
was winter, but in Europe they were in the summer
season. France was my destination. Everything
was OK until…”
1 WORD FORMATION
Use the word and the end of each line to find the word that fits the blank.

Rebecca climbed onto a (0) ___crowded___ bus which was going to take her to CROWD
a nearby village. The wooden seats looked quite (1) _______________, so she COMFORT
decided to stand, even though a (2) ____________ passenger offer her a seat. THOUGHT
As the bus moved through the countryside, it filled with women dressed in
bright, (3) ______________ clothes on their way to the market to do their weekly COLOUR
shopping. ‘This is an (4) _______________________ experience,’ thought Rebecca, FORGET
who was beginning to feel (5) ___________________ about the journey. OPTIMIST

More passengers climbed aboard laughing and chatting, and the noise became
(6) ___________________. Gradually, the bus grew hotter and Rebecca began to feel CONSIDER
a little (7) ________________ that she might not get the door when the bus reached ANXIETY
her stop. Fortunately, though, a (8) ___________________ passenger saw her SYMPATHY
problem and shouted to the other passengers to let her pass and suddenly
everyone made room for her to get off.

2 KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION

In these exercises, you need to take the information in the first sentence and re-write it, using the word in bold so that
the second sentence has exactly the same meaning. You cannot change the word in bold in ANY way. You must use a
minimum of TWO and a maximum of FIVE words for each space. Contractions, which count as two words, should only
be used for negatives: e.g. don't / hadn't / wouldn't, etc.

1. The family always spent their holidays climbing in the mountains. USED
The family’s holidays ……...........................…………...........................…… climbing in the mountains.

2. Has Mary altered her decision about moving to the countryside? MIND
Do you know if Mary ……...........................…………...........................…… about
moving to the countryside?.

3. This new dining table is bigger than the one we had before. NOT
The dining table we had before ……...........................………….................... this new one.

4. My teacher suggested that I spent the summer in England. ADVISED

My teacher ……...........................………….......................…… the summer in England.

5. While we were going home, we had an accident. WAY

We ……...........................…………........................…… home when we had an accident.

6. I hope you were not discouraged by Sandra from going to the concert. PUT
I hope Sandra ……...........................…………...........................…… going to the concert.

7. I could never have passed that exam without your help. YOU
I could never have passed that exam __________________________________ me.

8. We paid some people to landscape the garden for us last year. HAD
We ________________________________________ last year.
3 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Change the verbs in parenthesis to Past Simple.

1) They all (go) ___________ shopping.

2) I never (imagine) _________ I would see you here.

3) We (book) ________________ two tickets for the show.

4) He (collect) ___________________ his children from school.

5) Were you (frighten) _________ of the dark when you were

young?

6) I ____________ (feel) so tired that I went straight to bed.

7) He thought I ____________________ (steal) his phone.

8) We (grow) ____________ this tree from a seed.

9) She (lose) ______________ her way home.

10) Who (eat) _______ my chocolate?

4 SONG

1 LISTEN to this song from Coldplay, “Paradise”. Complete the blanks while listening to it.

When she ______ (1) just a girl she'd close her eyes
She _______________ (2) the world In the night, the stormy night, away she'd fly
But it _______ (3) away from her reach
So she _____ (4) away in her sleep And dream of Para-para-paradise
And ___________ (5) of Para-para- Oh oh oh oh oh oh-oh-oh
paradise (repeat x3) She'd dream of Para-para-paradise
Every time she _______ (6) her eyes Para-para-paradise
Oh oh oh oh oh oh-oh-oh-oh
When she ________ just a girl
She ___________ the world Lalalalalalalalalalala
But it _______ away from her reach And so lying underneath
And the bullets catch in her teeth those stormy skies
She'd say, "Oh, oh-oh-oh-oh,
Life goes on, it gets so heavy I know the sun must set to rise."
The wheel breaks the butterfly
Every tear a waterfall This could be
In the night, Para-para-paradise
the stormy night, Para-para-paradise…

2 ANALYSE What is the meaning of the contractions in the song (bold, underlined lines)?
SHE’D = “______________________”
 “SUPERNATURAL”
WARM-UP Have you ever experienced a supernatural anecdote?
Do you believe in ghosts or spirits? Why yes? Why not?

READING AND SPEAKING

1 Read the text and choose the right option to each blank.

It (1) _______ just before midnight on October 31st last year. Susan Lee was (2) ________ home after
visiting her sister. The road (3) _____ clear and she was (4) ___________ it carefully. Suddenly, out of
nowhere, a young man (5) _______ out in front of her. He was (6) _______________ a dark coloured
raincoat and carrying a backpack. Susan stepped hard on the brake pedal but it was too late. She
got out of the car but, to her surprise, there was nobody there.

While she was looking under the car, she felt a cold wind on her face and a strange presence that
sent shivers down her spine. She was still looking under her car when a lorry stopped behind her.
The lorry driver, a middle-aged man, (7) ________ up to her and asked her if she needed help to
start her car so she told him what had happened. He (8) _________ seem surprised when Susan told
him about the young man. 'In October 1978, there was a car accident on this road and a hitchhiker
was fatally run over. You're not the first to have seen his ghost here', he said in a mysterious tone.

1) were was be is
2) drive driving drove driven
3) were was be is
4) doing do does did
5) step stepping stepped stop
6) wear wore worn wearing
7) walked walk walking woke
8) did do didn’t does

2 Let’s Talk! When do we use the Past Continuous and when

the Past Simple? They work together but how? Check these
examples and try to elaborate an answer. Match the examples
with the explanations (A – E), one is not needed.

 Simon was playing on the computer while his brother

was watching TV. ( _____ )
 While I was sitting in a meeting, my mobile suddenly
rang. ( _____ )
 Colin played football yesterday. ( _____ )
 Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football
with his friends. ( _____ )

A emphasising progress.
B one action after another.
C just mentioning a past event.
D a past action that still continues happening at present.
E actions happening at the same time.
 UNIT 2
LESSON 2A

1 Listen to this man telling two stories on supernatural anecdotes.

What is the first story about? What about the second? Match the
options (A, B or C) with the stories (1 or 2). One option is not used.

A Horror pet STORY 1

B The “boy”

C Lights out STORY 2

2 Listen again and complete the blanks appropriately.
STORY 1
When my brother (1)_____ two, we (2)_________ catch him in
our attic playing with his trains and talking with someone. We
thought it was an imaginary friend. But we (3)_____ to worry,
as he started saying “«the boy» is in our closet, at the foot of
the bed, and at the top of the stairs.” One night my mom
(4)_____ friends over while my dad was out of town. My
brother walked down the stairs and (5)_________ to my mom
and her friends, “Mommy! The boy is at the door! Can I play
with him?” My mom (6)________ out the door and didn’t see
anyone. We later (7)__________ the history of the house and
(8)________ out that a young boy fell down the stairs and
died… in 1957!

STORY 2
One night I (9)_____ _______ down in our creepy unfinished
basement, watching Halloween, which I’ve seen well over a
hundred times; when suddenly I felt a chill and the lights
started to flicker. At first I thought nothing of it. After about
half an hour, the lights (10)_____ _____ completely. I wasn’t
terrified of the dark at the time, so I just called out, asking my
mom to bring me a flashlight. But nobody (11)____ _________. I
looked forward and in the TV was a white face staring at me.
Remember: the TV was off. I just kept staring at this face
thinking it was just a reflection, but then I (12)_____ the eyes
blink and stare right at me. The face smiled and its teeth
weren’t human teeth; they were sharp and long. I (13)________
to cry and call out for my mom. That’s when I bolted up the
stairs and (14)_______ myself to sleep in my mom’s bed.

3 Let’s Talk! Tell the class a story about something strange or

scary that you have experienced once.
 “EATING HABITS”
WARM-UP Which of this food do you eat every single day? Check the boxes in your own case.

READING AND SPEAKING

1 Read the text and answer the questions below.
CHICAGO -- Gorging on bacon and burgers? Turning up your nose at fish, nuts or vegetables?
Such food habits, that a new research links with deaths from heart disease, strokes and diabetes,
are very common nowadays. Overeating or not eating enough of the 10 foods and nutrients
contributes to nearly half of U.S. deaths from these causes, the study suggests. And that’s so
worrying that the Government is taking measures to stop it. “Good” foods that were under-eaten
include: nuts and seeds, seafood rich in omega-3 fats including salmon and sardines; fruits and
vegetables; and whole grains. “Bad” foods or nutrients that were over-eaten include salt and
salty foods; processed meats including bacon, bologna and hot dogs; red meat including steaks
and hamburgers; and sugary drinks. The study is based on U.S. government data showing there
were about 700,000 deaths in 2012 from heart disease, strokes and diabetes and on an analysis
of national health surveys that asked participants about their eating habits. Most didn’t eat the
recommended amounts of the foods studied. In the study, too much salt was the biggest problem,
linked with nearly 10 percent of the deaths. Overeating processed meats and undereating nuts
and seeds and seafood each were linked with about 8 percent of the deaths. The Food and Drug
Administration’s recent voluntary sodium reduction guidelines for makers of processed foods
and taxes that some U.S. cities have imposed on sugar-sweetened beverages are steps in the right
direction, the study said. (Published at CBSNEWS.COM)

QUESTIONS:
1 What is linked with deaths
from heart disease, strokes
and diabetes?

2 Which are considered as

“good” foods?

3 Which are considered as

“bad” foods?

4 How dangerous is salt in our

diets?

5 What measures is the

Government taking against
this problem?
 UNIT 2
LESSON 2B

2 Let’s Talk! Read these sentences and elaborate the rules for the use of SUCH and SO. Match the explanations (A-D)
with the examples (1-4).

1 That was so kind of you!

2 I’ve had such a nice time!

3 He was so late that he lost the beginning of the exam.

4 It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go to the beach.

A SUCH + a noun phrase + THAT is used to express an extreme with a result

B SO + an adjective/adverb is used to show extreme feelings or effects

C SO + an adjective/adverb + THAT is used to show results or consequences of actions

D SUCH + adjective + noun is used to show an extreme feeling or effects

1 How to write a good essay? Well, first you need to plan your writing. So, take a deep breath, think about what you
have to write, what you want to write, and how you can write it. Read these task instructions and create a text on a
piece of paper. Write around 140 to 190 words. When you finish, give it to your teacher for corrections.

Every country in the world has problems with obesity and bad
eating habits. How can we fix these problems?

Notes
Write about:

1. Bad eating habits in your country

2. Possible solutions to change people’s eating habits
3. ………………………….. (your own idea)
 “FOOD FOR THO
WARM-UP Which expression goes to the correct speaking bubble? Write the number in the bubbles. One is NOT used.

1 “You’re not tall enough to play basketball” 2 “We’ve got enough food to go camping”

3 “Oh! They’re too heavy to lift!” 4 “Yes. I’m too short to play basketball”

5 “I’m not strong enough to lift weights”

READING AND SPEAKING
1 Read the text and answer the questions below to your class or in pairs. Finally, give your own opinion about the topic.

Millions of British children are "culture starved" as they have never been to an art gallery, theatre or
museum, a study has claimed. The research, commissioned by Visit Birmingham, found four in 10
children had never been to an art gallery, while a quarter of parents had never taken their offspring
to the theatre. One in five parents said their children were not interested enough to go to the theatre.
The study surveyed 2,000 parents of five to 12-year-olds around the UK. It also found 17% of children
had never visited a museum, while one in 10 had not been outside their home town to visit other sites
in the UK. Half of parents said they made too little effort to educate their children about culture or
history and relied on schools to do so. A quarter said they could not afford to visit attractions with 28%
saying they did not have enough time and 18% believed their child was "too young for culture". However,
half said they were more likely to take their children sightseeing when they were abroad on holiday.
When asked what cultural activities their children had participated in, the most popular was learning an
instrument (39%), with ballet (24%), painting (23%) and singing in a choir (22%) the next most popular
activities. Just over a fifth of children were learning a foreign language. Emma Gray, from Marketing
Birmingham, which runs the Visit Birmingham campaign, said it was important for all generations to
embrace cultural activity. "Culture can take many kinds of forms and it's essential our children are
encouraged to get involved with this at any early age," she said. "A few trips during the year to museums,
landmarks or even cultural festivals will prove to be memorable, informative and fun occasions for
youngsters. There’s enough food for thought here!"

QUESTIONS:
1) What is the problem with children today?
2)How many children have never been to an art gallery, according to this study?
3)How many children have never visited a museum, according to this study?
4)What is important, according to expert Emma Gray?
5)What is the meaning of the idiom: “food for thought”?
UGHT”
UNIT 2
LESSON 2C

2 Read the text again and find examples of the use of TOO and ENOUGH. Then complete the blanks appropriately.

1. Too + adjective:
 18% believed their child was "_________________ for culture".
2. Too + adverb:
 You are driving too fast.
3. Adjective + enough:
 They ______________________________ to go to the theatre.
 She’s old enough to get married.
4. Adverb + enough:
 Hurry up, we aren’t walking quickly enough.
5. Enough + noun:
 They did not have ____________ time.
 There’s ______________________ for thought here!
6. Too much/little + uncountable nouns:
 They made ___________________ to educate their children.
7. Too many/few + countable nouns:
 Too many people came to the party yesterday.
 We have too few plates for all the guests!

3 Let’s Talk. Explain the rules of TOO and ENOUGH to your class and compare with your classmates opinions.

1 This is how to structure an Essay. 2 Write an essay with this topic

Introduction In your English class, you have had a discussion

Introduce the topic and say what you are going to about communication and the advantages of the
talk about and capture the interest of the reader.
internet in today´s society. Write an essay about
1st paragraph the advantage and disadvantages of the internet.
The first point from the notes (you can mix points if
What are the pros and cons of having easy
they are related).
access to the internet?
2nd paragraph
Notes:
The 2nd point from the notes, you need to link it to
the first. …communication
Conclusion …access to information
A summary of what you have said in the main
paragraphs and make your main point. …your on idea.

Write between 140 and 190 words. Write your essay with no less than 140 words.
1 KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
For questions 1-4, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,

using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including

the word given.

1 Few people can afford to eat in that restaurant.

TOO

That restaurant most ________________________________________ people.

2 We ran out of petrol before we reached our destination.

ENOUGH

We did not have __________________________________ to our destination.

3 The news surprised her so much that she couldn't speak.

ASTONISHED

She _______________________________________________ the news to speak.

4 We did not go swimming because of the cold weather.

WARM

The weather __________________________________ us to go swimming.

2 MORE PRACTICE
Using the words in parentheses, complete the sentences below with the appropriate tenses: Past Simple or Continuous.
1. A: What _________________________ (you, do) when the accident occurred?

B: I ______________________________ (try) to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

2. After I __________________________ (find) the wallet full of money, I ______________ (go, immediately) to the police and
_________________ (turn) it in.

3. The doctor _____________________ (say) that Tom ______ (be) too sick to go to work and that he ____________(need) to stay at
home for a couple of days.

4. Sebastian ____________________ (arrive) at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but she ________________ (be, not) there. She
________________ (study, at the library) for her final exam.

5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she ___________________ (watch, also) television.
That's all she ever does!

6. A: I _______________ (call) you last night after dinner, but you ______ (be, not) there. Where were you?

B: I ________________ (work) out at the fitness centre.

 7. When I _____________ (walk) into the busy office, the secretary ______________ (talk) on the phone with a customer and
several clerks ________________________ (work, busily) at their desks, and two managers _______________________ (discuss,
quietly) methods to improve customer service.

8. I ______________________ (watch) a mystery movie on TV when the electricity _______________ (go out). Now I am never going to
find out how the movie ends.

9. Sharon _____________ (be) in the room when John _______ (tell) me what happened, but she _________ (not hear) anything
because she _________________________ (not listen).

10. It's strange that you _____________ (call) because I _______________ (think, just) about you.

Listen to this song Jealous Guy by John Lennon and fill in the blanks appropriately.

I _____
was_____________
dreaming of the past Oh I didn't
____ _________
mean to hurt you
And my heart ____
was_____________
beating fast I'm sorry that I _______
made you cry

I ________
began to lose control Oh my I ______
didn't________
want to hurt you

I ________
beganto lose control I'm just a jealous guy
I __________ _______ to hurt you
didn't mean I didn't
____ _________
mean to hurt you

I'm sorry that I _______

made you cry I'm sorry that I _________
made you cry

Oh my I _______
didn't __________
want to hurt you Oh my I _____
didn't_________
want to hurt you

I'm just a jealous guy I'm just a jealous guy

I ____
was____________
feeling insecure was trying
I _______ ___________ to catch your eyes
You might not love me anymore _____________
Thought that you ____
was__________
trying to hide

I ________ ____________ inside

was shivering Iwas
____ ____________
swallowingmy pain

I was
____ ___________
shivering inside Iwas
____ ____________
swallowingmy pain
 “TRAVELLING
WARM-UP Have you ever travelled abroad? Bolivia? Chile? The USA? A lot of Latin American citizens plan to visit the USA.
Are you one of those? Where would you like to travel to?

READING AND SPEAKING

1 Read the text and complete the blanks with the correct option.

Example: (0) had been were was be

(A) (B) (C) (D)

When I was (0) eighteen years old, I wanted to spend some time in the USA. I
__________________ (1) thinking about it for a while, but I ______ (2) told
anybody until I saved enough money. My mom was shocked because we
__________________ (3) been abroad. But I __________ (4) writing to my
penfriend in Vermont for nearly three years and I wanted to see her. My
English was better and better as I __________ (5) studying it since I was nine.
Before I started to write to Wendy, it _________ (6) come to my mind that I
could go to the States on my own. But when I decided to set off I
_____________ (7) dreaming about it for one or two years. And now here I am,
in the States!

A B C D
1) were had been was have been
2) hadn’t hasn’t didn’t haven’t
3) has never have never never were had never
4) doing had been does did
5) had been has been have been was
6) has never have never had never was never
7) has been have been was had been

2 Let’s Talk! How is the Past Perfect related to the Past Simple and the Past Continuous?
1. The movie had already started when I arrived at the cinema.
2. My car broke down because I hadn’t taken it to its annual revision.
3. She was seeing other men after she had accepted being my girlfriend.
ABROAD”
UNIT 3
LESSON 3A

1 Listen to this story told by a woman called Lilly. Try to fill in the blanks with the Past Perfect. Use contractions.

Jane and Ricky met at work. They fell in love. They’____________ (1) so madly in love
before. They got married. Jane ___________ (2) married. Ricky _________ (3) married
once. He’_____________________ (4) divorced when he met Jane. They went on a
honeymoon to the Maldives. They’____________ (5) to the Maldives before. Before their
honeymoon, they’_____________ (6) on a beach holiday. She got pregnant. It was her
first pregnancy. She’____________ (7) pregnant before. She gave birth to a beautiful
baby girl. She was very happy. She’___________________ (8) such happiness before.
Lilly wasn’t Ricky’s first child. He’_______________ (9) a son with his first wife. They
had everything they’_______________ (10) of. The family they had wanted was theirs.
This is the story of my parents. Guess who Lilly is. I am Lilly.

2 Let’s Talk! Look at the picture. Who do you think Lilly is? Why do you think so?

Your teacher has asked you to write an essay explaining your point of view about travelling abroad. Is it useful to
spend money travelling abroad or not? Consider these questions: Is it positive to travel? What are the dangers of
travelling to a strange country? Is it expensive?

Write an essay of approximately 140 to 190 words. Try to include some Past Perfect sentences.
 “PAST LIVES?”
WARM-UP Have you ever dreamt of being someone else? Have you ever had visions of a past life? Share your opinions with
the class.

READING AND SPEAKING

1 Read the text without paying attention to the blanks and choose the correct title for it:

Children Who Seemingly Remember Past Lives Past Lives memories are real! Why reincarnation is fake

"CHILDREN WHO SEEMINGLY REMEMBER PAST LIVES"

Title:______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why might some children recount apparent past-life memories with such vividness?
The ultimate "truth is stranger than fiction" accounts are to be found in Return to Life: Extraordinary Cases of Children
Who Remember Past Lives, a book published by Jim Tucker, a psychiatry professor at the University of Virginia.

Tucker follows in the footsteps of the late Ian Stevenson, who for decades scrupulously
investigated cases in which young children around the world spontaneously volunteered—in
great detail—recollections that seemed to be about someone else’s life. (1) __________________________
LETTER A
______________________________________________________. (I referenced one such instance, where a 2-and-a-
half-year-old girl became distraught over her inability to find "her" children and described "her"
having lost her life in a road accident.)
(2) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________.
LETTER C We
are checking now two cases only: When Ryan was 4, he began directing imaginary movies. Shouts
of 'Action!' often echoed from his room. But the play became a concern for Ryan's parents when he
began waking up in the middle of the night screaming and clutching his chest, saying he had been
living in a house in Hollywood and dreamed his heart exploded. He said he remembered such big
white house and a swimming pool. It was in Hollywood, many miles from his Oklahoma home. He
said he had three sons, but that he couldn't remember their names. Asking his mother over and
over why he couldn't remember their names, he had been crying all night long. Not long afterward,
Tucker and the family travelled to California to meet Martyn's daughter, who'd been tracked down
by researchers working with Tucker on a documentary. Tucker sat down with the woman before
her meeting with Ryan. She'd been showing reluctance to help, but during her talk with Tucker,
(3) ____________________________________________________________.
LETTER B

The second case is equally remarkable. It involved 2-year-old James Leininger, a Louisiana boy
who loved toy planes. But he started to have repeated nightmares of a horrible plane crash. He
would kick his legs up in the air, screaming, "Airplane crash on fire, little man can’t get out." Then
during the day, he would slam his toy planes into the family’s coffee table while yelling, “Airplane
crash on fire,” to the extent that there were dozens of scratches and dents in the table. The boy
said he was James “little-man” and that his partner pilot was Jack. James’ father had been looking
for answers and after years of painstaking research, finally learned that an American aircraft
carrier, the USS Natoma Bay, had supported operations at Iwo Jima during that World War II
battle—and that it had lost one pilot there, a young man from Pennsylvania named James Huston.
His plane crashed almost exactly as described: hit in the engine, exploding, crashing into the
water, and quickly sinking. (4) ________________________________________________________________________.
LETTER E

These types of memories typically fade, by the way, around 6 years of age, according to Tucker.
The kids involved usually express a desire as well to fully embrace the life they’re in now. Are
they proof that these people lived past lives? There are no objective facts yet.
 UNIT 3
LESSON 3B

2 Choose the sentences from the box below 3 Find examples of the Past Perfect Continuous in the text.
that correctly complete the blanks. One Compare them to the Past Continuous. What is the
sentence is NOT used. difference? Which tense is farther in away into the past?

A Much of the time, the person being spoken of had died violently or unnaturally
B she confirmed dozens of facts Ryan had given about her father
C Between them, Stevenson and Tucker have compiled more than 2,500 cases, and 70 percent of
them fit this pattern

D There are many cases to show you but the serial killers that shocked us a lot are:

E And the pilot in the plane next to his when this happened was named Jack Larson

1 How can we improve our essays?

 Make an outline. Know what you are going to write about before you start writing.
 Use the right vocabulary. Know what the words you are using actually mean.
 Understand the argument and critically analyze the evidence.
 Know how to write a proper conclusion that supports your research.
2 What expressions can we use in an essay to make it look more academic?

 Moreover / Furthermore / In addition…

 In other words / Simply put…
 As well as / Along with / Coupled with...
 For instance / To give an illustration of…
 Therefore / This suggests that / It can be seen that / The consequence is…
3 Write an essay using these recommendations but now you have to do it in class and your teacher will set a time
limit of 40 minutes.

Your teacher has asked you to write about this question: “What is there after death? Is there nothing
or is there anything else, another life?” Include these ideas: cases in which people in near-death
experiences stated they saw the afterlife, observations from scientists, your own opinion. Write
between 140 and 190 words.
 “TIME TRAVEL”
WARM-UP What would you say if someone told you that he or she came from the future? If you had the power of time
travel, would you go to the future or to the past? Why?

READING AND SPEAKING

1 Read the text and then answer the questions on the next page.

Are These Images Proof of Real Time Travel?

Ladies and gentlemen, we have a problem. This photo turned up
Apparently, no one is willing to follow proper time on the Virtual
travel etiquette. Time travellers are leaving proof of Museum of Canada
their escapades everywhere! Well, the best I can do is website, an online
keep track of these temporal anomalies. What follows repository of
are a series of images that many claim are evidence “Canada’s rich history
that time travel has already occurred, and that and culture.” A
visitors from the future have mingled with cultures strange man had
throughout history. visited an event, a
reopening of the
Our first stop on this South Fork Bridge in
temporal disaster is the early 1940s in Gold Bridge, B.C., Canada, when
China. In December someone took this picture. The event certainly drew
2008, Chinese a crowd. But in the photo, this man doesn’t belong.
archaeologists allegedly Who is this strange individual, seemingly out of place
removed the opening of — modern attire and all — in what would otherwise
a giant coffin that had be a perfectly ordinary gathering? Is he from the
been laying undisturbed future? Fancy goggles. Coat. Branded t-shirt. This is
400 years, a Si Qing tomb what happens when you let hipsters play with your
in Shangsi County. They time machine. Okay, well. Perhaps the space-time
had been removing the soil around the coffin; continuum is safe, after all.
however, they were
shocked and amazed
to find this: A small
piece of metal
shaped like a watch,
with the time frozen
at 10:06. “Swiss” was
engraved on the
back. If the tomb was
truly undisturbed
for 400 years, what
could explain the
existence of this modern artefact? Only one thing: an
Oh, but we can’t stop here. Here we see footage of a
absent-minded time traveller!
crowd of people exiting a DuPont factory in
Massachusetts as sometime in 1938. In the video, one
woman is clearly seen holding another cell phone up
to her ear. Listen, time travellers: you can’t take
futuristic devices into the past. Because someone will
find it, film it, and post it on YouTube. Seriously, read
the manual.

Is time travel possible? At the end of the day, it’s all

just a bunch of wibbly-wobbly, timey-winey…stuff.
Best not to take it too seriously.
 UNIT 3
LESSON 3C

1 Which is NOT proper time travel etiquette?

2 What did Chinese archaeologists find in Shangsi County?
3 What is strange in the photo from a woman exiting a DuPont factory?
4 What is strange in the photo from the Virtual Museum of Canada?
5 What shocked and amazed the scientists?
6 Where was this factory located?

2 Let’s Talk! Read the text again and find examples of the Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous. How do
they interact?

1 Complete these blanks appropriately with the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Continuous. Use contractions if
possible.

had been looking

1 It was a relief to find the documents. I _______________________________ (look) for them all afternoon.

hadn't don't
2 He was dismissed, even though, in his opinion, he _________________________ (not/do) anything wrong.

3 It was not the first time... we __________________

had meet (meet) many times before.

4 He called me at eleven in the evening to tell me that he _____________________

had finally found (find/finally) a solution.

5 When he __________________
had finish (finish) his speech, he waited for the reaction of the audience. But no one
said a word.

6 By the time I came back from my business trip, a lot of things had changed(changed).
______________

7 The doctor asked me how long I _________________

had had (have) the symptoms.
had been happen
8 It was more than a month before we realised what _______________ (happen) to him.

9 We had been already working(work/already) on this project for a month before we found a
______________________________
fundamental flaw.

hadn't still arrive (not/arrive/still) by the end of the week, so we sent them a
10 The invoice _________________________
strong reminder.

2 Write down a story of around 160 words. Include sentences in Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous. Choose any
of these topics:

UFO sightings Hollow Earth Cryptozoology Mutants

 CHECKPOINT 3
1 KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION
In these exercises, you need to take the information in the first sentence and re-write it, using the word in bold so that
the second sentence has exactly the same meaning. You cannot change the word in bold in ANY way. You must use a
minimum of TWO and a maximum of FIVE words for each space. Contractions, which count as two words, should only
be used for negatives: e.g. don't / hadn't / wouldn't, etc.

1. First, he married her. Then two years later, I met him at a party.
HAD
He ____________________________________ years before I met him.

2. I accepted to go abroad with them because I always wanted to travel to other countries.
HAD
I _____________________ travel. That's why I accepted to travel with them.

3. It was not a surprise to her when she saw him because she met him some time before.
INTRODUCED
She was no stranger to him. They ________________________ each other a few days before.

4. From 1980 onward, we lived in a hotel until we moved to our current house.
STAYING
We ______________________ there since 1980. But afterwards we moved here.

5. I didn’t know hotels were so expensive in London because it was my first time there!
NEVER
I ______________________________ London before. How expensive hotels were!

6. Did you know that I noticed we met before when I saw you that day?
MET
Did I tell you that when I saw you, I realised that _______________________________ ?

7. I know you bought the old vicarage two years before your child’s birth because James told me.
HAD
James told me you _________________________________ vicarage two years before your son's birth.

8. I love this house. But we should have bought it before December 25th.
WISH
had bought
I ___________________________ this house before Christmas.
2 GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Fill in the blanks with the Past Perfect Continuous.

0. We had been sleeping (sleep) for 2 hours when the baby woke us up again.
have been waiting
1. They _______________ (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.
had been looking for
2. We ______________ (look for) her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.

3. I _____________________
hadn't walking (not / walk) for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
had she been learning
4. How long _______________________ (learn / she) English before she went to London?
had been singing
5. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he ________________ (sing) in the rain too long.

6. He ______________
had drive (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
have been helping
7. They were very tired in the evening because they _______________ (help) on the farm all day.

8. I _____________________
hadn't work (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.

had been cycle (cycle) all day so their legs were sore in the evening.
9. They ______________________

3 SONG
Listen to this song from Pearl Jam called The Last Kiss. Fill in the blanks appropriately.

Oh where, oh where can my baby be? There were people standing all around
The Lord took her away from me Something warm running in my eyes
She's gone to heaven, so I got to be good But somehow I found my baby that night
So I can see my baby when I leave this world I ______(4)
lifted her head, she looked at me and said
"Hold me darling just a little while."
We were out on a date in my daddy's car I held her close, I kissed her our last kiss
We hadn't
_______ _______
driven (1) very far I found
_______(5) the love that I knew I would miss
There in the road, up straight ahead But now she's gone, even though I hold her tight
A car was stalled, the engine was dead I ________(6)
lost my love, my life that night
Icouldn't
_______ ______(2),
stop so I swerved to the right
I'll never forget the sound that night Oh where, oh where can my baby be?
The screaming tires, the busting glass The Lord took
_____(7) her away from me
The painful scream that I heard last She's gone to heaven, so I got to be good
So I can see my baby when I leave this world
…
[Outro]
When I __ ___(3), the rain was pouring down Ooh, ooh-ooh
woke up
 LEXICON
Past Past
Infinitive Past Simple Infinitive Past Simple
Participle Participle
be was / were been let let let
become became become lose lost lost
begin began begun make made made
bring brought brought meet met met
buy bought bought pay paid paid
choose chose chosen put put put
come came come read read
read (pronounced (pronounced
do did done /red/) /red/)
drink drank drunk run ran run
drive drove driven say said said
eat ate eaten see saw seen
fall fell fallen sell sold sold
feel felt felt send sent sent
find found found sing sang sung
fly flew flown sit sat sat
forget forgot forgotten sleep slept slept
got (gotten speak spoke spoken
get got
in USA)
stand stood stood
give gave given
swim swam swum
go went gone
take took taken
have had had
teach taught taught
hear heard heard
tell told told
keep kept kept
think thought thought
know knew known
understand understood understood
leave left left
wear wore worn
lend lent lent
write wrote written
GRAMMAR FUN
1 Put the verbs into the correct form (simple past).

Last year I __________ (spend) my holiday in Ireland. It ___________ (be) great fun
to travel to Ireland.
I ____________ (travel) around by car with two friends and we ___________ (visit)
lots of interesting places. In the evenings, we ______________ (go) to a pub. One
night we even ___________ (learn) some Irish dances. We _______ (be) very lucky
with the weather. It ___________ (not / rain) a lot. But we _________ (see) some
beautiful rainbows. Where __________ (spend / you) your last holiday?

2 Write sentences in simple past affirmative. They need some elements to be added, and they need to go in order.
1 he / the question / answer = _______________ 6 John / stamps / collect = _________________

2 you / a question / ask = __________________ 7 we / in London / live = _________________

3 the dog / bark = ________________________ 8 I / hungry / be = ______________________

4 they / us / call = _______________________ 9 they / a hamster / have = ________________

5 we / a mountain / climb = _______________ 10 he / to school / go = __________________

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 GRAMMAR FUN
Complete the blanks appropriately with the options in the boxes below.

We kids had a wonderful time when my family lived by the ocean. We ______ _______ to the beach after
school. We _______ quickly ______ a place to sit and put on our swimsuits. Then, we ______ ______ into the
oncoming waves and _____ our worries away. We ______ _____ the waves and body-surf until mom ______
____ us up. Then, we ______ ____ home, clean up, eat dinner, do our homework, and sleep soundly. The
next day, it ______ _____ all over again. We really loved those days with our feet in the sand and our faces in
the saltwater.

would go would jump would rush would pick would / find

swim would walk would begin

When I was fourteen, my father accepted a new job. We had to move to a city inland. Our days changed. We
_______ ___ _______ to the beach. But after our move, it was too far away. So instead, we walked to a
nearby recreational centre to swim. The pool was big, long, clean and very flat. We ______ ___ _______ it
was boring because it had no action like the waves that we were _____ ___. Shortly after our move, we kids
joined the swim team and learned to swim competitively. After a while, we did not miss the beach so much.

used to go used to think used to

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GRAMMAR FUN
1 Complete the blanks with IN, ON or AT. 2 Complete the sentences with IN, ON or AT.
___ September 1. I have a meeting ___ 9am.
2. The shop closes ___ midnight.
___ 12 o'clock 3. Jane went home ___ lunchtime.
4. In England, it often snows ___ December.
___ winter 5. Do you think we will go to Jupiter ___ the future?
6. There should be a lot of progress ___ the next
___ Easter Monday century.
7. Do you work ___ Mondays?
___ 4th July, 1776 8. Her birthday is ___ 20 November.
9. Where will you be ___ New Year's Day?
___ Christmas

___ Tuesday

___ the weekend (in he UK)

___ my birthday

___ the end of the week

___ weekends (in the US)

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GRAMMAR FUN
Complete the blanks with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous appropriately.
were
started
playing (play) in the park when it _____ (start) to rain.
1. The children ____________

2. I __________________ noticed (notice) him standing outside.

was watching (watch) a movie when I ____________

3. She ________
arrived (arrive) when I was
____________
having (have) a bath, so I couldn't answer the door!

4. I ___________
saw (see) a famous celebrity when I ___________
shopped (shop) on Oxford Street yesterday.
was
5. She __________
drinking (drink) too much so she ____________
fell (fall). I hope she learnt her lesson!
was
6. Charlie ________
hiding (hide) in my wardrobe when Lola ________
found (find) him. She screamed!

7. The computer _________

broke (break) when I ___________
checked (check) my bank balance.

8. She _________________
was smiling (smile) until the terrible singer _________
came (come) on stage.

9. I ___________
was living (live) in Cape Town when Michelle Obama __________
visited (visit).
distructed
10. My parents were
_______________
watching (watch) me carefully but my brother ________ (distract) them so I could sneak
out the window!

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GRAMMAR FUN
Complete the blanks with the correct option.

1. It was ....................... a hot day.

such 7. I have never seen ........................... a good person.
so such
so
2. You are ....................... kind. so much
so
such 8. They are ........................... idiots.
such
3. I have ...................... a lot of problems that I am such an
losing hope. so
so
such 9. He has got ...................... strange manners.
so much so
such
4. Never have I seen ........................ beautiful such a
woman.
so a 10. He is ..................... patient with his students.
so such
such such a
such a so

5. I have never seen ........................... food. 11. Why do you talk ........................ loudly?
so such
so much so
so many
such much 12. We have got ............................. much to do, and
................. little time.
6. Never have I seen .............................. dirty so, so
kitchen. so, such
such such, so
such a such, such
so
so a

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GRAMMAR FUN
Complete the blanks with TOO or ENOUGH and an extra word where appropriate.

1. I left the coffee for a minute to cool because it

was _____ ____ to drink.

2. He wasn't __________ _________ to lift that heavy box.

3. There aren't ________ policemen in our town.

4. Do you have _________ information to help me with

this problem?

5. It is _________ difficult to do for a little child.

6. I do not have _______ _______ time to prepare dinner

7. I didn't buy the car because it was _____ expensive.

8. He didn't work _____ ________ to pass the exam.

9. My mum can't sleep because she drinks _______ _______ coffee.

10. She isn't ______ ___________ to start driving. She’s only 13.
Check these memes and explain
the messages. Do you find them
funny?

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GRAMMAR FUN
Complete the blanks with the Past Perfect Simple.

had started (start).

1) When I arrived at the cinema, the film _______________

2) She ________________
was lived (live) in China before she went to Thailand.
had eaten
3) After they __________________ (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.

4) If you _________________________
had listened (listen) to me, you would have got the job.

5) Julie didn't arrive until after I _______________________(leave).

has left

6) When we ______________________________
had finished (finish) dinner, we went out.

7) The garden was dead because it ________________________

was (be) dry all summer.

8) He _________________________
had meet (meet) her somewhere before.

9) We were late for the plane because we _______________________

had forgotten (forget) our passports.

10) She told me she _________________________

had studied (study) a lot before the exam.

11) The grass was yellow because it ___________________ (not/rain) all summer.

12) The lights went off because we ________________________ (not/pay) the electricity bill.

13) The children _________________ (not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble.

14) They _______________________ (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.

15) We couldn't go into the concert because we _____________________ (not/bring) our tickets.

16) She said that she _______________________ (not/visit) the UK before.

17) Julie and Anne ___________________ (not/meet) before the party.

18) I ________________________ (not/have) breakfast when he arrived.

19) He _________________________ (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it.

20) You _____________________ (not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.

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 GRAMMAR FUN
1 Complete the blanks with the Past Perfect been
Continuous. have
had been working be
1) I ______________________ (work) all day, so I didn't
want to go out.. 4. She ________ expecting the worst.

2) She had been sleeping (sleep) for ten

___________________________ had
hours when I woke her. 'd been
had being
3) Theyhad been living(live) in Beijing for
____________________
three years when he lost his job. 5. Had the teachers ________ before the strike?
had been working
4) When we met, you __________________ (work) at been work
that company for six months. working
had been eating been working
5) We ___________________ (eat) all day, so we felt a
bit ill. 6. Our pool pump ________ running properly before
the storm.
had been running
6) He was red in the face because he _______________
(run). had not have
had been raining hadn't been
7) It __________________ (rain) and the road was hadn't being
covered in water.
7. My sister’s roommate was upset. She _____ been
had been studying
8) I was really tired because I ______________ waiting for an hour.
(study).
had been going had
9) We ______________________ (go) out for three years has
when we got married. have
had been snowing
10) It ______________________ (snow) for three days. 8. I just heard about the accident. ________ been
working all night?
2 Circle the correct option to complete the
blanks. Had the driver
Had the driving
1. My dad ________ smoking in the garage. Have the driver

has 9. We were shocked to see her. ________ been

had expecting her.
had been
We are
2. The printer ________ working well. We have
We'd not
had not been
hadn't 10. I finally reached my mom. ________ her all day.
had not
I'd been calling
3. Had the players _____ playing by the rules? I have called
I called

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GRAMMAR FUN
Complete the blanks with the Past Perfect Continuous.

had been waiting

arrive (arrive).
1) I ________________ (wait) for hours so I was really glad when the bus finally __________
had been eating
was (be) the baby's face so dirty? He _______________ (eat) chocolate.
2) Why __________
had been running
3) I ________________
seen (see) John yesterday, but he _______________ (run) so he was too tired to chat.

4) It had been raining(rain) and the pavement __________________

___________________ was (be) covered with puddles.
has been working
5) When I ________________
arrive (arrive) it was clear she _________________ (work). There were papers all over
the floor and books everywhere.
had been studying
6) They _____________________ (study) all day so when we _______________
meet (meet) they were exhausted.
had been talking
7) The boss _______________ (talk) to clients on
Skype for hours so she _____________
want
(want) a break.
had been drinking
8) I ________________ (drink) coffee all
morning. By lunchtime, I ____________
feel
(feel) really strange!
had been hoping
9) Lucy _________________ (hope) for a new
car, so she was really pleased when she
got
_____________ (get) one.
had been dreaming
10) I ___________________ (dream) about a
holiday in Greece. I couldn't believe it
when my husband ______________
book (book)
one as a surprise!

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