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Core Spring and MVC

The document outlines the syllabus for a Spring course, covering topics like the introduction to Spring including modules, core concepts like inversion of control and dependency injection, bean configuration, bean lifecycles, and Spring Expression Language. It provides 3 sections - introduction to Spring, steps to create a Spring application, and details on the core Spring module.

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Ruphachowdury Kandyal

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67% found this document useful (3 votes)

2K views771 pages

Core Spring and MVC

Uploaded by

Ruphachowdury Kandyal

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You are on page 1/ 771

BY NAGOOR BABU

SPRING
COURSE MATERIAL
BY
NAGOOR BABU

{SPRING
Volume -1} 1
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BY NAGOOR BABU
SPRING SYLLABUS
1.Introduction:
1.Enterprise Appl
2.Enterprise Application Layers
1.Presentation Layer
2.Business Layer
3.Data Access Layer
3.System Architectures.
1. 1-Tier Arch.
2. 2-Tier Arch
3. n-Tier Arch
4.Types of Enterprise Applications.
1.Web Applications
2.Distributed Applications
5.Modeled Arch.
1.Model-I Arch.
2.Model-II Arch.
6.MVC
7.Requirement to user Frameworks
8.Types of Frameworks
1.Web Frameworks
2.Application Frameworks
2

9.Differences between Spring and Struts, JSF

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10.Spring History
11.Spring Modules
1.Spring1.x Modules
2.Spring2.x Modules
3.Spring3.x Modules
4.Spring4.x Modules
5.Spring5.x Modules

2.Steps To Prepare Spring Application[Core Module Application]:

1. Introduction
1.Download Spring Framework from Internet.
2.Provide Spring Setup in Eclipse IDE
3.Prepare Bean Class
4.Prepare Bean Configuration File
5.Prepare Test / Client Appl.

3.Core Module
1.Introduction
2.IOC Containers
1. BeanFactory
1.XmlBeanFactory
2. Resources
1.ByteArrayResource
3

2.FileSystemResource
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3.ClassPathResource
4.InputStreamResource
5.UrlResource
6.ServletContextResource
7.PortletContextResource
2. ApplicationContext
1.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
2.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext
3.WebXmlApplicationContext

3.Beans in Spring Framework

1.Beans Definition
2.Beans Configuration
1.XML Based Configuration
2.Annotation Based Configuration
3.Java Based Configuration
3.Bean Scopes
1.singleton Scope
2.prototype Scope
3.request Scope
4.session Scope
5.globalSession Scope
6.application Scope
4

7.webSocket scope
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8.Custom Scopes in Spring Framework.
4.Bean Lifecycle
1.Bean Loading
2.Bean Instantiation
1.By Constructor
2.By Static Factory Method
3.By Instance Factory Method
3.Bean Initialization and Destruction
1.By Custom initialization and destruction methods.
2.By InitializingBean and DesposableBean callback interfaces.
3.By @PostConstruct and @Predestroy annotations
5.Beans Inheritance
6.Nested Beans
7.BeanPostProcessor
4.Inversion Of Control[IOC]
1.Dependency Lookup
1.Dependency Pull
2.Contextualized Dependency Lookup
2.Dependency Injection
1.Constructor Dependency Injection
2.Setter Method Dependency Injection
3.Different Types of Elements Injection
1.User defined data types elements injection.
5

2.List types injection

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3.Set types injection
4.Map Types Injection
5.Proprtties types Injection
6.Circular Dependency Injection
5.Name Spaces
1.P-Name space
2.C-Name Space
6.Beans Autowiring or Beans Collaboration
1.Autowiring and its Modes
1.no
2.byName
3.byType
4.constructor
2.Annotation Based Wiring
3.Autodiscovery or Stereo Types
4.Java based Autowiring[Java Based Configuration]
7.Method Injection
1.Lookup Method Injection
2.Arbitrary Method Replacement
8.Event Handling
1.ContextRefreshedEvent
2.ContextStartedEvent
3.ContextStoppedEvent
6

4.ContextClosedEvent
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5.RequestHandledEvent
6.Custom Events In Spring Framework
9.Bean Validations in Spring Framework
10.Internationalization in Spring Framework
11.Bean Manipulations and Bean Wrappers
12.Property Editors
1.ByteArrayPropertyEditor
2.ClassEditor
3.CustomBooleanEditor
4.CustomCollectionEditor
5.CustomNumberEditor
6.FileEditor
7.InputStreamEditor
8.LocaleEditor
9.PatternEditor
10.PropertiesEditor
11.StringTrimmerEditor
12.URLEditor
13.Custom Property Editors[USer defined]
13.Profiling
14.Spring Expression Language[SpEL]
1.SpEL Expressions
2.SpEL Operators
7

3.SpEL Variables
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4.SpEL Medthod Invocations
5.SpEL Collections

5.Spring JDBC/DAO Module:

1. Introduction
2.DAO Definition
3.Advantages of DAOs
4.Drawbacks with DAOs
5.Guidlines to prepare DAOs
6.Pain JDBC Vs Spring JDBC
7.JdbcTemplate
8.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate
1.Parameter values through Map
2.Parameter Values through SqlParameterSource
1.MapSqlParameterSource
2.BeanPropertySqlParameterSource
9.SimpleJdbcTemplate
10.DAO Support Classes
1.JdbcDaoSupport
2.NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport
3.SimpleJdbcDaoSupport
11.Spring Batch Updations or Batch Processing
12.Stored Procedure and Functions in Spring JDBC
8

1.Procedures and Functions with out CURSOR Types

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2.Procedures and Functions with CURSOR Types
13.Blob and Clob processing in Spring JDBC
1.AbstractLobCreatingPreparedStatementCallback
2.AbstractLobStreamingResultSetExtractor
3.LobCreator
4.LobHolder
14.Connection Pooling in Spring JDBC
1.Default Connection Pooling Mech.
2.Third Party Connection Pooling Mechanisms
1.Apache DBCP
2.C3P0
3.Proxool
3.Application Servers provided Connection Pooling Mechanism
1.Weblogic12c provided Connection Pooling Mechanism.

5.Spring ORM
1.Introduction
2.Hibernate Integration with Spring
1.Hibernate Introduction
2.Hibernate Application Development
3.Spring with Hibernate Integration.
3.JPA Integration with Spring
1.JPA Introduction.
9

2.JPA Application development

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3.Spring with JPA Integration.
4.iBatis integration with Spring
1.iBatis Introduction.
2.iBatis Application Development.
3.Spring with iBatis Integration.

6.Aspect Oriented Programming [AOP]

1.Introduction
2.AOP Terminalogy
1.Aspect
2.Advice
3.JoinPoint
4.Pointcut
5.Introduction
6.Target
7.Proxy
8.Weaving
9.Advisor
3.Types of AOPs
1.Proxy Based AOP
2.Declarative Based AOP
3.Annotation Based AOP
4.Advices
10

1.Before Advice
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2.After Advice
3.After-Returning Advice
4.Around Advice
5.After-Throwing Advice
5.Pointcuts
1.Static Pointcut
2.Dynamic Pointcut.

7.Spring Transactions
1.Introduction
2.Transaction Attributes
3.Isolation Levels
4.Programaatic Based Transactions
5.Declarative Based Transactions.
6.Annotation Based Transactions

8.Spring web MVC Module

1.Introduction
2.Spring MVC Flow
3.Controllers
1.Abstract Controller
2.ParameterizableViewController
3.MultiActionController
11
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4.Command Controllers
1.AbstractCommandController
2.AbstractFormController
3.SimpleFormController
4.AbstractWizardFormController
4.Handler Mappings
1.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
2.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
5.HandlerInterceptor
6.ViewResolvers
1.AbstractCachingViewResolver
2.XmlViewResolver
3.ResourceBundleViewResolver
4.UrlBasedViewResolver
5.InternalResourceViewResolver
6.VelocityViewResolver / FreeMarkerViewResolver
7.Spring Exception Handling
8.File Uploading and File Downloading
9.Internationalization
10.Spring MVC with Tiles
12
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INDEX
1. Spring Core Module…………………………………………………….Page 014 to Page 235
2. Spring JDBC ………………………………………………………….…Page 236 to Page 313
3. Spring AOP……………………………………………………………....Page 314 to Page 360
4. Spring ORM……………………………………………………………...Page 361 to Page 403
5. Spring Transactions…………………………………………………...Page 404 to Page 425
6. Spring MVC……………………………………………………………...Page 426 to Page 696
7. Maven Tool………………………………………….…………………...Page 697 to Page 741
8. Log4J Tool……………………………………………...………………..Page 742 to Page 771

13
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{CORE MODULE}

14
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15
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SPRING CORE MODULE INDEX
1. Spring Introduction…………………………………..……………………….…..PAGE 017
2. Steps to prepare First Spring Application………………………………..PAGE 036
3. IOC Containers……………………………………………………………………....PAGE 051
4. Beans In Spring Framework…………………………………………………...PAGE 060
5. Inversion Of Control[IOC]………………………………………………………PAGE 102
6. Beans Autowiring/Beans Collaboration………………………………….PAGE 130
7. Bean Validations in spring……………………………………………………………..PAGE 174
8. Event Handling………………………………………………………………………………PAGE 181
9. Internationalization in SPRING………………………………………………………PAGE 192
10.Bean Manipulations and Bean Wrappers………………………………………PAGE 200
11.Property Editors……………………………………………………………………………PAGE 209
12.Profiling….…………………………………………………………………………………….PAGE 216
13.Spring Expression Language [SpEL]……………………………………………….PAGE 221

16
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SPRING
Introduction:

Enterprise: It is a business organization, it is a group of organizations running under single

label.

Enterprise Application: It is a software application prepared for an enterprise in order to

simplify their business processing.

To prepare Enterprise Applications, we have to provide the following three layers.

1.User Interface Layer:

1. This layer is the topmost layer in enterprise application.
2. It will provide starting point to the users inorder to interact with enterprise application.
3. It will provide very good environment to get data from users to submit data to server
side application.
4.It will provide very good environment to perform client side data validations with java
17

script functions.
5.User interface will provide very good environment to send different request types from
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BY NAGOOR BABU
client o server like GET, POST, HEAD , ......
6.To prepare User Interface layer, we have to use a separate logic called as "Presentation
Logic".
7.IN Enterprise Application development, to prepare presentation logic we have to use the
technologies like AWT, SWING, html, JSPs, Velocity, Free Marker, OGNL ,……..

2. Business Processing Layer:

1. It is heart of the enterprise application, it can be used to define and execute all business
rules and regulations which are required by the clients actually.
2. In Enterprise Application development, to prepare
Business Processing layer we have to use a separate logic called as "Business Logic".
3. To provide Business Logic we have to use the technologies like Servlets, EJBs, DAOs, .....

3.Data Storage And Access Layer:

1. This layer is bottom most layer in enterprise applications, it will provide very good
environment to interact with databases in order to perform persistence operations.
2. To prepare this layer in enterprise applications we have to use a separate logic called as
"Persistence Logic".
3. To provide persistence logic we have to use a set of technologies like JDBC, EJBs-Entity
Beans, Hibernate ,....

System Arch.:

To define level or height of the enterprise applications we have to use System Arch.
EX:
1-Tier Arch.
2-Tier Arch.
3-Tier Arch.
n-Tier Arch.
18

1-Tier Arch.
Page

1. In 1-Tier Arch, we have to prepare and execute the complete enterprise application with

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BY NAGOOR BABU
in a single machine.
2. In 1-Tier Arch, all the enterprise application layers like presentation Layer, Business
Layer and Persistence layer must be provided in a single machine, no separation between
all the layers, it will provide tightly coupled design in enterprise applications, it is not
suggestible.
3. In 1-Tier arch, the complete enterprise application must be executed in a single
machine, where single machine resources may not be sufficient to manage the complete
enterprise application, it may affect the application performance.
4. 1-Tier Arch is suggestible for Standalone Applications, not for enterprise Applications or
distributed Applications.
5. in 1-Tier Arch, Sharability and Reusability are very less , it may increase application
length.
6. In 1-Tier Arch, multi user environment is not existed, only Single user environment is
existed.

2-Tier Arch:
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1. IN 2-Tier Arch, we have to distribute the complete enterprise application over two
machines.
2. In 2-Tier Arch, Tier-1 machine is able to manage presentation logic and Business Logic,
Tier-2 machine is able to manage Persistence Logic.
3. In 2-Tier Arch, we are able to get loosely coupled design when compared with 1-Tier
Arch, because, Persistence layer is separated from Presentation layer and Business Layer.
4. In 2-Tier Arch, database components are shared to client applications, so that,
sharability and Reusability are increased.
5. 2-Tier Arch will provide multi user environment to access application.

Note: If want to use 2-Tier arch for web applications then we have use Tier-1 is for client , it
has to manage presentation layer and Tier-2 is for Server , it has to manage Business Layer
and Persistence Layer.

3. 3-Tier Arch:

--> This arch will propose to use three machines in order to execute the complete
enterprise application.
--> In 3-Tier Arch, we will provide Presentation Layer at Tier-1 Machine, Business Layer at
Tier-2 machine and Persistence layer at Tier-3 machine.
20

--> 3-Tier arch will provide more more loosely coupled design to design applications. -
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-> 3-Tier Arch will provide Multi User environment, it will improve sharability and

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Reusability.
--> 3-Tier arch will improve application Server components sharability and database
components sharability.

Note: If we increase no of Tiers in applications then flexibility will be increased, but,

maintenance cost will be increased. In enterprise applications we have to increase no of
ties as per the purpose only, we must not increase no of tiers unnecessarily.

There are two types of Enterprise Applications.

1.web applications[Web Related Distributed Appl]

2.Distributed Applications[Remote based Distributed Appl].

Q)What are the differences between Web Applications and Distributed Applications?

Ans:
----
1. Web Application is a Client-Server Application, where the complete application logic is
distributed over Server machine.
21

Distributed Application is a client-server Application, where the complete application logic

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is distributed over Client machine and Server machine.

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2. To prepare web applications, we will use a set of technologies called as web

technologies.
EX: Servlets, JSPS,

To prepare Distributed Applications, we will use a set of technologies called as Distributed

technologies.
EX: Socket programming
RMI
CORBA
EJBs
Web Services

3. The main intention of Web applications is to generate dynamic response from server.

The main intention of Distributed Applications is to establish Communication between local

machine and remote machine in order to get Remote Services from Remote machine.

4. Web applications are executed by both web servers and application servers.

Distributed applications are executed by only application servers.

5. Web application is the collection of web components like servlets, jsps,... , which are
executed by web containers.

Distributed Application is the Collection of distributed components like EJBs, which are
executed by EJB Container.

6. In web applications, Client is fixed, that is, Browser.

In Distributed Applications, Client is not fixed, it may be a normal java program with main()
method, it may be a GUI Application, it may be a Servlet program, it may be a JSP
program,.....
22

To prepare web applications, SUN Microsystems has provided the following Modeled Arch.
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1 .Model-I Arch.
2. Model-II Arch.

1. Model-I Arch.

In Model-I Web Application Arch, we will use a JSP page as controller as well as
Presentation part and a Java Bean component is acting as Model Component.

In Model-I web application Arch, a JSP page is acting as Controller to controll the complete
web application, so that, Model-I Web application Arch is also called as "Page-Centric
Arch".

In Model-I web application Arch, a JSP page is taking responsibility to take requests from
client, so that, Model-I web application Arch is also called as "JSP Front".

IN Model-I web application Arch, we will use JSP pages as Controller and for presentation,
there is no clear cut seperation between Controller logic and presentation logic, it will provide
tightly coupled design in web applications, it is not suggestible in web applications.

In Model-I web applicatio Arch., a JSP page is acting controller, to perform controller
functionalities the existed JSP features are not sufficient, where it is required to write java
code inside JSP pages, it is against to JSP rules and regulations.

In Model-I web applicatio Arch., a JSP page is acting controller, to perform controller functionalities the
existed JSP features are not sufficient, where it is required to write java code inside JSP pages, it is against
to JSP rules and regulations.

23
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Model-II Arch :
In Model-II web application Arch, we will use a Servlet as controller, a set of JSP pages as
View part and Java bean, DAO, JDBC,... as used as Model Components.
In Model-II Arch, a servlet is acting as controller to control the complete web applications,
so that, Model-II web Arch is called as "Servlet-Centric Arch".
In Model-II Arch, a servlet is taking responsibility to take all the requests from Client , so
that, Model-II Arch is also be called as "Servlet Front Arch".
Note: Model-II Arch is an implantation of MVC Arch, on the basis of Model-II Arch only the
web frameworks like Struts, JSF,... are designed.

24
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Rules and regulations of MVC Arch:

1. MVC is a design pattern, it will define a standard template to prepare web applications.

2. MVC will define standard flow of execution to prepare web applications.

3. In MVC based web applications, we must use a Servlet as controller and a set of JSP
pages as view part.

4. In MVC based web applications, we must provide single controller per application.

5. In MVC based web applications, Controller component must take all the requests which
are coming from clients and View part must take the responsibility to generate response to
client.

6. IN MVC based web applications, both controller and view part are not responsibile to
interact with database, they have to interact with database through Model component.

7. In MVC based web applications, Controller is able to set data to model component, not
to get data from model component and View part is able to get data from model
component , not to set data to Model component.

8. IN MVC based web applications, we can provide any no of pages as view part, but we
must provide all the pages as Java code less.

9. IN MVC based web applications, we can provide no of pages as view part, where we
must not provide page-to-page communication directly, where we have to provide page-
controller-page communication.

In general, from application to application, some components like ControllerServlet and

some generic Services like Internationalization, Security, Data Validations,.... are very mush
common, these common components may provide 70% implementation in the complete
25

enterprise application.
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In the above context, If any third party organization is providing the common 70%
implementation then developers may take responsibility to provide the remaining 30% of
the implementation.

In the above situation, some third party organizations like Apache Software
Foundations, Soft Tree, .... has provided the common 70% of the implementation in the
form of their own products called as "Frameworks".
Framework is a pre fabricated Software components that programmer can reuse, share and
customize inorder to simplify enterprise application development.
Framework is a semi implemented application, it will provide very good environment to
prepare enterprise applications as per developers convenience.
Framework is the Collection of Tools and APIs, it will provide very good environment
to prepare enterprise applications in simplified manner.

In enterprise application development, Frameworks wil provide the folowing

advantages.

1. Frameworks will define standard template to design applications.

2. Frameworks will define a fixed flow of execution between the components.
3. Frameworks provide parallel development and modularization.
4. Frameworks will provide all the commonly used generic services like I18N, Security,
Exception handling, Data validations,....
5. Frameworks will reduce development time.
6. Framewords will reduce application development cost.
7. Frameworks will increase productivity.
.
There are two types of Frameworks .
1. Web Frameworks
2. Application Frameworks

1. Web Frameworks
26

Web frameworks will provide environment to design and execute only web applications.
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EX: Struts, JSF, Xwork2,

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2. Application Frameworks

Application Frameworks will provide very good environment to prepare all the types of
applications like Standalone Applications, Web Applications, Distributed Applications,.....

EX: Spring
Q)What are the differences between Struts, JSF and Spring?

Ans:
1. Struts and JSF are web frameworks, which we will provide very good environment to
prepare and execute web applications only.

Spring Framework is an application Framework, it will provide very good environment to

prepare and execute all the types of applications like standalone applications, web
applications, distributed applications……

2. Struts and JSF are designed on the basis of only MVC design pattern.

In Spring , only WEB Module is designed on the basis of MVC, SPriong is using no of other
design patterns like IOC[Dependency Injection], Locater design patterns, Creational Design
Patterns, Decorator Design pattern,.....

3. Struts is controller layered framework, it has very good focus on controller layer in
MVC.
JSF is is view layered Framework, it has very good focus on View layer in
MVC. Spring Framework has provided very good support for all Controller Layer, Model
Layer and View Layer.

4. In Enterprise Application Development, Struts and JSF are used to prepare mainly
Presentation layer.
27

In Enterprise Application Development, Spring Framework will cover all the

Page

layers like Presentation Layer, Business Layer, Persistence Layer.

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5. Struts and JSF are provide support for the basic services like I18N, Validations,
Exception Handling,..., but, Struts and JSF are not providing support for the
middleware services like JAAS, JNDI, JTA, Java Mail, JMS,......

Spring Framework is providing very good support for all basic services like I18N,
Validations, Exception Handling ... and the Middleware services like JAAS, JNDI, JTA, Java
Mail, JMS, JCA......

6. Struts and JSF are not modularized Frameworks, to prepare any application in Struts
and JSF we have to load all the jar files irrespective of their utilization.

Spring framework is modularized framework, to prepare applications in spring framework

we will load only the module respective jar files, not required to load other modules
respective jar files unnecessarily.

7. Struts and JSF are more API dependent; they are not having POJO/POJI kind of
implementations.

Spring is less API dependent, it has POJO/POJI kind of implementations.

8. Due to the above reasons, debugging and testing are difficult in Struts and JSf.

Testing and Debugging are very simple in Spring framework.

9. Struts and JSF are heavy weight Frameworks.

Spring is light weight Framework.

10. Struts and JSF are not providing any predefined support to integrate the other
applications like JDBC, EJBS, Hibernate, JPA, RMI,....
Spring has provided very good predefined support to integrate the other
applications like JDBC, EJBS, Hibernate, JPA, RMI,....
28
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11. Struts and JSF are allowing the basic view related technologies like Html, JSp, ..... to

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prepare view part.
Spring Framework is allowing the most advanced view related tech like Velocity, Free
marker,... along with basic view related tech in order to prepare view part.
12. Struts and JSF are not having Aspect Oriented Programming to prepare applications.

Spring has provided very good Aspect Oriented Programming to prepare Applications.
Spring History:
1.Home: Interface1
2.Author: Mr. Rod Janson
3.Objective: To simplify and Accelerate the complete Enterprise Applications.
4.Type: Open Source Software.
5.Type of Framework: Application Framework.
6.Initial Version: Spring1.0[Oct, 2004]
7.Used Version: Spring3.x[Dec, 2014]
8.Latest Version: Spring4.3.8[April, 2017]
9.Website: http://spring.io
10.Designed on: Java[JAVA SE API, Servlets API]
11.Compatibility:Supported by All IDEs and all Servers
12:Designi Tool: STS[Spring tool Suit][Designed on the top of Eclipse]
Spring Modules:
Spring1.x version:

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Spring2.x version:

Spring3.x Version:

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Spring4.x Version:

Module5.x Version

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Core Module:

It is fundamental module in Spring Framework; it has provided basic foundation for all
other modules of spring framework.

This module can be used to prepare Standalone Applications directly.

This module is able to provide the features like IOC Containers, Beans, Dependency
Injection.....

AOP Module[Aspect Oriented Programming]:

IN general, if we prepare enterprise applications by using only Object Orientation then we

have to provide both business logic and Services like Transactions, JMS, JAAS,.... in
combined manner, it will provide tightly coupled design, it will provide less sharability and
less reusability.

In the above context, to improve sharability and Reusability we have to provide loosely
coupled design , to get loosely coupled design we have to apply Aspect Oriented
Programming.

In Aspect Oriented Programming, we will declare each and every service as an aspect and
we will inject these aspects in Business Logic at runtime.

JDBC/DAO Modules:

The main intention of this module is to interact with database from Spring
application inorder to perform database operations with JDBC Persistance mechanism.

JDBC/DAO modules are able to abstract common JDBC implementation inorder to simplify
Database interaction from spring applications by providing template classes.
EX:
In JDBC, if we want to interact with database then we have to use the following steps.
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1. Load And Register Driver

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EX: Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");

2. Establish Connection between Java appl and DB.

EX:
Connction con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc: oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe",
"system", "durga");

3. Create Statement/PreparedStatement/ CallableStatement as per the requirement.

EX: Statement st=con.createStatement();

4. Write and Execute SQL Queries

EX: ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from emp1");

5. Close the Connection

EX: con.close();

In the above JDBC Steps, Load and Register Driver, Establish Connection and Create
Statement and close the Connection are vary common in all the JDBC applications, here
Spring JDBC/DAO modules are able to abstract the commonly used steps and giving option
to the developers to provided variable part , that is, Executing Sql queries .

Spring DAO and JDBC modules are having their own Exception Classes hierarchy to expose
the exception details.

Spring DAO/JDBC modules are converting the JDBC generates checked exceptions to Spring
defined Unchecked Exceptions by using Exceptions Re-Throwing Mechanism.
EX:
try{
---Exception-1 ----JDBC Checked Exception
}
catch(Exception_Name e){
----Exception-2---Spring Unchecked Exception
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}
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ORM Module[Object-Relational Mapping]:

ORM is the mapping between a table, properties or columns and primary key column
with the respective bean component provided Bean class name, ID property, normal
properties,

ORM has define a set of rules and regulations to provide mapping between Object Oriented
Data Model and Relational Data Model in order to achieve data persistency.

EX: Hibernate, JPA, Toplink,....

To prepare Hibernate Application then we have to use the following instructions.

1. Create Configuration class object.

EX:
Configuration cfg=new Configuration();
cfg.configure();

2. Create SessionFactory class object:

EX:
SessionFactory sf=cfg.buildSessionFactory();

3. Create Session object:

EX:
Session s=sf.openSession

4. Perform Persistance operations:

EX:
Object obj=s.load("com.durgasoft.Employee.class", 111);

5. Close SessionFactory and Configuration:

EX:
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sf.close();
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cfg.close();

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In the above Hibernate Application steps, Create Configuration class object, Creation
SessionFactory object , create Session object and close SessionFactory and Configuration
steps are very common in all hibernate applications, in this case, Spring ORM module is
able to abstract all the common instructions in order to simplify Data persistence in
enterprise applications.

Spring ORM module has provided its own Exceptions hierarchy to expose behalf of the
under lying Persistence mechanism like Hibernate, JPA,.... provided checked exceptions.

JAVA EE/Context/Remoting:
The main intetion of this module to integrate Spring applications with the
diustributed tech applications like EJBs, RMI,.... it able to get moddleware services like JNDI,
JTA, JAAS,.... from J2EE .

WEB/WEB-MVC Modules:

WEB Module has provided very good environment to integrate other MVC based
framework applications like Struts, JSF, XWork2,.....

WEB-MVC is an MVC implementation provided by Spring framework directly inorder to

prepare web applications.

Test:

Spring Framework has provided its own testing environment to test the enterprise
applications by the developers[Unit Testing] in their own way in the form of Test module.

Note: Spring framework has provided Test module right from its Spring3.x version.

Instrumentation:
35

Spring Framework has provided Instrumentation API to perform manipulations over

the actions which are generated from the .class files with out having modifications over the
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Messaging:

Spring Framework has provided Messaging module along with its Spring4.x version to
provide Messaging Services what JMS is providing previously as part of J2EE.
Note: When we perform any transactions in bank application , we are able to recieve
mobile updations, in this context, if our mobile device is not ready to recieve messages
WEB Module has provided very good environment to integrate other MVC based framework applications
like Struts, JSF, XWork2,.....

then we have to keep the respective message in Messaging Containier or JMS Server to
send the respective message when the target machine / device is ready.

Steps to prepare First Spring Application

1. Download Spring Framework from Internet.
2. Provide Spring Setup in Eclipse IDE
3. Prepare Bean Class
4. Prepare Bean Configuration File
5. Prepare Test / Client Appl.

1. Download Spring Framework from Internet.

a) Download spring jar files in the form of

"spring-framework-4.1.6.RELEASE-dist.zip" from the URL
"https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/spring/4.1.6.RELEASE/" and
"commons-logging-1.2.jar" from apache website.
b) Unzip "spring-framework-4.1.6.RELEASE-dist.zip" at a particular location in our
machine[E:\softwares\spring]

2. Provide Spring Setup in Eclipse IDE

a) Open Eclipse IDE.

1. Download eclipse-jee-neon-2-win32.zip file from www.eclipse.org website.
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2. Extract ZIP file at "C" drive and get "eclipse" folder.
3. Click on "eclipse" icon at "C:\Eclipse" location
4. Provide Workspace "D:\spring3\core\eclipse".
5. Click on "OK" button.

b) Create Java Project

1. Right Click on "Project Explorer" Browser.

2. Select "New"
3. Select "Project".
4. Select "Java Project".
5. Click on "Next" button.
6. Provide project name "app1".
7. Click on "Next" button.
8. Click on "Next" button.
9. Click on "Yes" button.
c) Create User defined Library with all Spring jar files and add that User defined Library
to "Java project".

1. Right Click on Project [app1].

2. Select "Properties".
3. Select "Java Build path".
4. Select "Libraries".
5. Click on "Add Library" button.
6. Select "User library".
7. Click on "Next" button.
8. Click on "User Libraries" button.
9. Click on "New" button.
10. Provide Library Name "Spring4.1.6_Lib_New".
11. Click on "OK" button.
12. Select "Spring4.1.6_Lib_New" and Click on
"Add External Jars" button.
37

13. Select the required jar files

commons-logging-1.2.jar
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spring-beans-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar
14. Click on "Open" Button.
15. Click on "OK" button.
16. Click on "Finish" button.
17. Click on "Apply" button and "OK" button.

Note:

Prepare User Defined Library[Spring4.1.6_Lib_New] only one time and use the same
for all Spring applications, not required to prepare for each and every application.

3. Prepare Bean Class

The main intention of Bean classes in Spring applications is to manage properties and
their setXXX() and getXXX() methods and some other Business Methods.

To prepare Bean classes in Spring applications we have to use the following Guidlines.
a) Bean classes must be POJO classes, they must not extend or implement any
predefined Library excepr java.io.Serializable marker interface.
b) Bean must be declared as "public" , "Non-abstract" and "non-final".
---->The main intention of declaring bean class as "public" is to make available bean
class scope to IOC Container inorder to create objects.
---->The main intention to declare bean class as "Non-abstract" is to allow to create
object .
---->The main intention to declare bean classes as "Non-final" is to extend one bean
class to another bean class inorder to improve reusability.
c) In Bean classes, we have to declare all properties as "private" and all behaviours as
"public", it will improve "Encapsulation".
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d) If we want to provide any constructor in bean class then provide a constructor , it
must be 0-arg constructor and "public" constructor, because, IOC Container will search
and execute public and 0-arg constructor while instantiating bean.

To create bean class in Eclipse IDE, we have to use the following steps.
1. Right Click on "src" flder.
2. Select "New".
3. Select "Class".
4. Provide package name and class name.
package name: com.durgasoft.beans
class name: HelloBean
5. Click on "Finish" button.
6. As per the requirement provide properties and setXXX() and getXXX() with the
following steps.
a) Declare variables manually.
b) Right Click and Select "Source".
c) Select "Generate Getters and Setters".
d) select "Select All" button.
e) Click on "OK" button.
7. Provide Business Methods as per the requirement.
EX: HelloBean.java
--------------------
package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class HelloBean {
public String sayHello(){
return "Hello User!";
}
}

4 Prepare Bean Configuration File

The main intention of Bean COnfiguration File is to provide all the bean
39

components configuration details like logical name, fully qualified names of the bean
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classes, bean classes properties and bean classes dependencies,...... to the IOCcontainer
inorder to create bean objects and tjheir dependent objects.

Bean Configuration File is an XML file, it will use the following XML tags to configure bean
classes.

<beans ----XSD----- >

-----
<bean id="--" class="---">
-----
</bean>
-----
</beans>

Where "<beans>" tag is a root tag, it will include no of beans configurations.

Where "<bean>" tag can be used to configure single bean class.

Where "id" attribute will take identity name or logical name to the Bean component.

Where "name" attribute will take fully qualified name of the bean class.

To prepare bean confguration file in Eclipse IDE we have to use the following steps.

1) Create a package under "src" folder.

a) Right Click on "src".

b) Select "New".
c) select "package".
d) Provide package name "com.durgasoft.cfgs".
e) Click on "Finish" button.
40

2) Create XML file under package.

a) Right Click on "com.durgasoft.cfgs" package.
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b) Select "New".
c) Select "Others".
d) Select XML and "XML File".
e) Click on "Next" button.
f) Provide file name "spring_beans_config.xml".
g) Click on "Next" button.
h) Click on "Next" button.
i) Click on "Finish" button.

3)Provide spring XSD in configuration File.

Open bean.html file available at the location

"E:\softwares\spring\spring-framework-4.1.6.RELEASE\docs\spring-framework-
reference\html" copy XSD from any example and past into XML file.
Provide beans configurations as per the requirement.
EX:spring_beans_config.xml
-----------------------------
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans --- XSD ---->
<bean id="hello" class="com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean"/>
</beans>

5. Prepare Test / Client Appl:

The main intention of Test / Client application is to activate IOC Container , to

create Bean Components and to access business methods.

To prepare Test application in Eclipse IDE we have to use the following steps.
a) Right Click on "SRC".
b) Select "New".
c) Select "Class".
d) Provide the following details.
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package name: com.durgasoft.test

Class Name : Test
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Select "public static void main(String[] args)
e) Click on "Finish" button.

Provide Application logic in main() method with the following steps.

1) Activate ApplicationContext IOC Container.
2) Get Bean Object from ApplicationContext.
3) Access Business Method.

EX: Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
("/com/durgasoft/cfgs/spring_beans_config.xml");
HelloBean bean=(HelloBean) context.getBean("hello");
System.out.println(bean.sayHello());
}
}

If we provide properties and their respective

setXXX() and getXXX() methods in bean classes then we have to send values to bean
properties in the following two ways.
1) From Test Program
2) From Beans configuration File.

1) From Test Program

In this approach, we have to set value to bean properties programatically from Test
42

application.
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Example:
HelloBean.java
---------------
package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class HelloBean {

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;
}

public String sayHello() {

return "Hello "+name;
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Test.java
package com.durgasoft.test;
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloBean bean=(HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
bean.setName("Durga");
System.out.println(bean.sayHello());
}
}

OP: Hello Durga!

In the above approach, we have to recompile the Test application when we change
messages, it is not suggestible in application development. To overcome this problem we
have to use beans configuration file to prepare messages inorder to send to Bean object.

2. Beans Configuration File:

To provide messages to the bean properties through their setXXX() methods from bean
configuration file we have to use the following tag in beans configuration file.

<beans ---XSD----- >

----
<bean id="--" class="--">
<property name="--" value="--"/>
----
44

</bean>
----
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</beans>
Where <property> tag is able to represent single bean property.
Where "name" attribute in <property> tag is able to take property name to which we
want to send data.
Where "value" attribute in <property> tag is able to take the value which we want to
send to the bean property.

app2:
-----
HelloBean.java
----------------
package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class HelloBean {

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello "+name;
}
}

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
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<bean name="helloBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean">
<property name="name" value="Durga"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java
----------
package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloBean bean=(HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(bean.sayHello());
}
}
OP: Hello Durga

Steps to prepare Spring Application[Core Module] in Netbeans IDE:

1. Install Netbeans IDE

2. Create Java Project:
3. Add Spring library to Project Library
4. Prepare Packages under "Source Packages"
5. Prepare Bean classes as per the requirement
6. Prepare COnfiguration File
46

7. Create Test class.

8. Run Test class
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1.Installation Process:

1. Download netbeans-8.2-windows.exe file from internet.

2. Double click on netbeans-8.2-windows.exe
3. Click on "Yes" button.
4. Click on "Next" button.
5. Select "Checkbox" like "I Accept the terms in licence aggrement".
6. Click on "Next" button.
7. Change Netbeans installation location from C:\Program Files\NetBeans 8.2
to C:\NetBeans 8.2
8. Click on "Next" button.
9. Change Glassfish server installation location from "C:\Program Files \glassfish-4.1.1"
to "C:\glassfish-4.1.1" .
10. Click on "Next" button.
11. Click on "Install" button.
12. Click on "Finish".
13. Double Click on "Netbeans" IDE icon on our desktop.

2.Create Java Project:

a) Right Click on "Projects" Browser.

b) Select "New Project".
c) Select "Java" under "Catagories".
d) Select "Java Application" under projects.
e) Click on "Next" button.
f) Change application[app21]
g) Change Project Location[D:\spring3\core\netbeans].
h) Provide Main class Name[com.durgasoft.test.Test].
i) Click on "Finish" button.

3. Add Spring library to Project Library:

a) Right Click on "Libraries" folder in Project.

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b) Select "Add Library".
c) Select "Spring Framewwork 4.0.1" Library.
d) Click on "Add Library" button.

4.Prepare Packages under "Source Packages":

a) Right Click on "Source Package".

b) Select "New".
c) Select "Java Package".
d) Provide package Name[com.durgasoft.beans].
e) Click on "Finish" button.

Note: Similarily prepare packagfe com.durgasoft.cfgs and com.durgasoft.test.

4. Prepare Bean classes as per the requirement.

a) Right Click on "com.durgasoft.beans" package.

b) Select "New"
c) Select "Java Class".
d) Provide class Name[User].
e) Click on "Fininsh".
f) In the generated class declare variables.
g) Generate setXXX() and getXXX() methods .
1) Right Click .
2) Select "INsert Code".
3) Select "Getters and Setters".
4) Select "User" check box.
5) Click on "Generate".
h) Provide other methods also as per the requirement.

User.java
48

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class User {
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private String uname;
private String uqual;
private String uage;
private String uaddr;
private String uemail;
private String umobile;

setXXX()
getXXX()

public void display_User_Details(){

System.out.println("User Details");
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println("User Name :"+uname);
System.out.println("User Qualification :"+uqual);
System.out.println("User Age :"+uage);
System.out.println("User Address :"+uaddr);
System.out.println("User Email :"+uemail);
System.out.println("User Mobile :"+umobile);
}

}
6) Prepare COnfiguration File:

a) Right Click on "com.durgasoft.cfgs" under Source Packages.

b) Click on "New".
c) Select "Other".
d) Select "Other" under Catagories.
e) Select "SpringXMLConfig(-)" under Types.
f) Click on "Next" button.
g) Provide file name[spring_beans_config.xml].
h) Click on "Next" button.
49

i) Select required "Namespaces" .

j) Click on "Finish" button.
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k) Provide beans configuration in the generated xml file.

spring_beans_config.xml

7) Create Test class:

Test class already created at the time of creating project, where provide
application logic.

Test.java
----------
package com.durgasoft.test;
import com.durgasoft.beans.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/com/durgasoft/cfgs/spring_beans_config.xml");
User user=(User)context.getBean("user");
user.display_User_Details();
50

}
}
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IOC CONTAINERS

The main intention of IOC Container is to read bean configurations from configuration
file , creating Bean objects and Providing bean Objects to Spring applications.

There are two types of IOC Containers in SPring framework.

1. BeanFactory
2. ApplicationContext

1. BeanFactory

-->It is the fundamental or Base container provided by SPring Framework inorder to

manage bean objects.
-->BeanFactory IOC container will provide basic functionalities to the spring framework
by creating maintaining beans objects as per the beans configuration details which we
provided in spring beans configuration file.

-->To represent BeanFactory IOC Container, SPring framework has provided an interface
in the form of
"org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory".

-->For BeanFactory interface, Spring Framework has provided an implementation class in

the form of
org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory

-->If we want to use BeanFactory IOC Container in Spring applications then we have to
use the following steps.

1) Create Resource Object.

2) Create BeanFactory object
51

3) Get Bean and access Business Method.

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Resource:
-->Resource is an object in SpringFramework, it able to represent all bean configuration
details which we provided in beans configurations details.

-->To represent Resource object, Spring Framework has provided a predefined interface
in the form of
"org.springframework.core.io.Resource"

-->For Resource interface, Spring Framework has provided the following implementation
classes.

1. org.springframework.core.io.ByteArrayResource:

--> It able to represent all the beans configuration details which are available in the form
of byte[].

2. org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource:

--> It able to get all the beans confguration details which are available in the form of a file
in our system

hard disk.

3. org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource:

--> It able to get all the beans configuration details which are existed at "classpath"
environment variable

refered locations.

4. org.springframework.core.io.InputStreamResource:
52

--> It able to get all the beans configuration which are existed in the form of InputStream.
5. org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource:
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--> It able to get all the beans configuration details which are existed at a particular URL
in the network.

6. org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource:

--> It able to get all the beans configuration details which are existed in ServletContext.
--> It will be used in spring web applications.

7. org.apringframework.web.portlet.context.PortletContextResource:

--> It able to get all the beans configuration details which are existed in PortletContext.
--> It will be used in spring web applications designed on the basis of portlets.

EX:
Resource res=new ClassPathResource("beans.xml");

2) Create BeanFactory Object:

To create XmlBeanFactory class object we have to use the following constructor.

public XmlBeanFactory(Resource res)

EX: BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactrory(res);

3) Get Bean object from BeanFactory and access business method:

To get Bean object from BeanFactory we have to use the following method.
public Object getBean(String id_Name)

EX:
HelloBean bean=(HelloBean)factory.getBean("hello");

Note: BeanFactory is deprecated in Spring3.x version.

Example:
HelloBean.java
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package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class HelloBean {

static {
System.out.println("Bean Loading.....");
}
public HelloBean() {
System.out.println("Bean Created....");
}
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello User";
}
}

applicationContext.xml
-----------------------
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean"/>
</beans>

Test.java
----------
package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;
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public class Test {

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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

XmlBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new

ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml"));
HelloBean bean = (HelloBean)factory.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(bean.sayHello());
}

In the above application, when we activate BeanFactory container then BeanFactory

Container will be started and it will not create any Bean object immediately and it will
perform th following actions.

1. It will take bean configuration file name and location from Resource object.
2. It will search for the respective bean configuration file at the specified location.
3. If the respective bean configuration file is available then Beanfactory container will
load that xml file to the memory.
4. After XML file loading, BeanFactory Container will parse that xml file, that is, it will
check all the tags in XML file are provided properly or not, all attributes are available
properly or not.
5. After the XML file parsing, BeanFactory Container will read data from Beans
configuration file and stores in Resource object.

After getting BeanFactory Object, when we access getBean(-) method then BeanFactory
will perform the following actions.
1. BeanFactory will search for the respective Bean configuration in Resource object on
the basis of the provided identity.
2. If any bean configuration is identified in Resource object on the basis of the
provided identity then BeanFactory container will take the respective bean class
name and its location.
3. BeanFactory Container will search for the respective bean class at the specified
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location, if it is available then BeanFactory Container will load all the bean class
bytecode to the memory.
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4. BeanFactry Container will create Object for the loaded bean class and its dependent
bean objects.
5. BeanFactory Container will store the generated bean object and its dependent
objects in Container object in the form of Key-Value pairs, where keys must be the "id"
attribute values which we specified in beans configuration file and values are Bean
Objects.

ApplicationContext:

ApplicationContext IOC Container is an extension of BeanFactory IOC Container , it able

to provide some advanced features like Internationalization, Event Handling,..... along
with fundamental functionalities what BeanFactory is providing.

In Spring, ApplicationContext IOC Container is represented in the form of the following

predefined interface.
"org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext".

SpringFramework has provided ApplicationContext as a chaild interface to BeanFactory

interface.

SpringFramework has provided the following three implementation classes for

ApplicationContext.

1.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:

--> It able to get all the beans configuration details from confguration file which is existed
in application classpath.

2.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext:

--> It able to get all the beans configuration details from Configuration file which is
existed at our system harddisk.
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3.WebXmlApplicationContext:
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--> It able to get all the beans configuration details from configuration file which is
existed in web application.

Example:

HelloBean.java
--------------
package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class HelloBean {

static {
System.out.println("Bean Loading.....");
}
public HelloBean() {
System.out.println("Bean Created....");
}
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello User";
}
}

Test.java
57

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
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import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

ApplicationContext context = new

ClasspathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloBean bean = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(bean.sayHello());
}

In the above application, when we activate BeanFactory container then BeanFactory

Container will perform the following actions.

1. It will take bean configuration file name and location from Container class constructor.
2. It will search for the respective bean configuration file at the specified location.
3. If the respective bean configuration file is available then ApplicationCntext container
will load that xml file to the memory.
4. After XML file loading, ApplicationContext Container will parse that xml file, that is, it
will check all the tags in XML file are provided properly or not, all attributes are available
properly or not.
5. After the XML file parsing, ApplicationContext Container will read data from Beans
configuration file.
6. If any bean configuration is identified in beans configuration file the
ApplicationContext container will take beans classes and their locations.
7. ApplicationContext Container will search for the respective beans at the specified
locations, if they are available then IOC Container will load all the bean classes bytecode
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to the memory.
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8. ApplicationContext Container will create Objects for the loaded bean classes and their
dependent bean objects.
9. ApplicationContext Container will store all the bean objects and their dependent
objects in Container object in the form of Key-Value pairs, where keys must be the "id"
attribute values which we specified in beans configuration file.

In the above context, if we access getBean("--") method over Container reference then
ApplicationContext Container will search for the Bean object on the basis of the provided
bean identity , if it is available then AppliationContext Container will return Bean object.

Q) What are the differences between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext IOC

Containers?
Ans:
1)BeanFactory is fundamental IOC Container , it able to provide fundamental
functionalities to the spring applications like creating and maintaning bean objects.

ApplicationContext IOC Container is an extension of BeanFactory IOC Container , it able

to provide some advanced features like Internationalization, Event Handling,..... along
with fundamental functionalities what BeanFactory is providing.

2) BeanFactory is not supporting to integrate AOP services like Security, JTA,... to the
spring applications.

ApplicationContext is supporting to integrate AOP services like Security, JTA,... to the

spring applications.

3)BeanFactory is not suitable for web applications which we are going to prepare on the
basis of Spring web module.

ApplicationContext is suitable for the web applications which we want to prepare on the
basis of Spring web module.
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4)BeanFactory is able to prpare Singleton objects when we send first request for bean,
that is, Lazy Instantiation/Initialization.
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ApplicationContext is able to prepare Singleton objects when we activate Container , that
is , early Instantiation/Initialization.

5.BeanFactory is supporting only the scopes like Singleton and Prototype.

ApplicationContext is supporting almost all the Spring scopes like Singleton, Prototype,
request, session, globalSession, webSocket,...

6.BeanFactory is mainly for Standalone Applications.

ApplicationContext is for all the types of Spring famework applications.

7.BeanFactory is an outdated Container in Spring applications.

ApplicationContext is not outdated Container.

Beans In Spring Framework

Bean Definition: Bean is a Software Reusable Component, it is a normal java class
contains properties and the corresponding setXXX(-) and getXXX() methods and which
are created and managed by IOC Container in Spring Framework.

Rules and Regulations to write Bean classes:

a) Bean classes must be POJO classes, they must not extend or implement any
predefined Library except java.io.Serializable marker interface.

b) Bean must be declared as "public" , "Non-abstract" and "non-final".

----> The main intention of declaring bean class as "public" is to make available bean
class scope to IOC Container inorder to create objects.
----> The main intention to declare bean class as "Non-abstract" is to allow to create
object .
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----> The main intention to declare bean classes as "Non-final" is to extend one bean
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c) In Bean classes, we have to declare all properties as "private" and all behaviours as
"public", it will improve "Encapsulation".
d) If we want to provide any constructor in bean class then provide a constructor , it must
be 0-arg constructor and "public" constructor, because, IOC Container will search and
execute public and 0-arg constructor while instantiating bean.

If we want to use Beans in Spring applications then we must configure that bean classes
in spring beans configuration file , because, IOCContainer will recognize and create Bean
objects by getting bean class details from beans configuration file only.

There are three ways to provide beans configurations in spring applications.

1. XML Configuration
2. Java Based Configuration
3.Annotations Configuration

1. XML Configuration

To provide beans configurations in beans configuration file we have to use the following
xml tags.

<beans>

<bean id="--" name="--" class="--" scope="--">

</bean>

</beans>

Where <beans> tag is root tag in beans configuration file.

Where <bean> tag is able to provide configuration details of a particular bean class.
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Where "class" attribute in <bean> is able to provide fully qualified name of the bean
class.

Where <property> attribute is able to represent a particular property[variable] in bean

class and it will set the specified value to the respective bean property by executing
setXXX(-) method.

Q)What is the difference between "id" attribute and "name" attribute in <bean> tag?

Ans: 'id' attribute is able to take exactly one identity to the bean object, it will not allow
more than one identity.
'name' attribute in <bean> tag is able to allow more than one identity name to the bean
object, where in multiple values only first value is treated as th actual bean identity and
the remaining names are alias names for the bean object. In this context, while providing
alias names to the bean object we have to use either ',' or ';' or [space] as
delimiter[seperator].

EX1:
<beans>
<bean id="bean1" class="com.durgasoft.beans.MyBean"/>
</beans>
MyBean mb=(MyBean)ctx.getBean("bean1");
Status: Valid.

EX2:
<beans>
<bean id="bean1 bean2 bean3" class="com.durgasoft.beans.MyBean"/>
</beans>
MyBean mb=(MyBean)ctx.getBean("bean1");
Status: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean
named 'bean1' is defined
Note: SImilarily the following cases are also be invalid.
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<bean id="bean1,bean2,bean3" class="MyBean"/>->INvalid

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<bean id="bean1;bean2;bean3" class="MyBean"/>->Invalid
<bean id="bean1bean2bean3" class="MyBean"/>-> Valid

EX3:
<beans>
<bean name="bean1" class="MyBean"/>
</beans>
MyBean mb=(MyBean)ctx.getBean("bean1");
Status: Valid

EX4:

<bean name="bean1 bean2 bean3" class="MyBean"/>

MyBean mb1=ctx.getBean("bean1");
MyBean mb2=ctx.getBean("bean2");
MyBean mb3=ctx.getBean("bean3");
Status: Valid
Similarily the following cases are also be valid.
<bean name="bean1,bean2,bean3" class="MyBean"/>
<bean name="bean1;bean2;bean3" class="MyBean"/>

Note: It is possible to use both 'id' attribute and 'name' attribute in single <bean> tag.

EX5:

<bean id="bean1" name="bean2" class="MyBean"/>

MyBean mb1=ctx.getBean("bean1");
MyBean mb2=ctx.getBean("bean2");
Status: Valid.

Note: It is possible to provide bean alias names explicitly from out side of the bean
definition in configuration file by using <alias> tag.
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<alias name="--" alias="--"/>

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Where "name" attribuite will take bean logical name which we specified with "id"
attribute in beans configuration file.
Where "alias" attribute will take alias name.

EX6:
<beans>
<bean name="bean1" class="MyBean"/>
<alias name="bean1" alias="bean2"/>
<alias name="bean2" alias="bean3"/>
</bean>
</beans>
MyBean mb1=ctx.getBean(bean1); --> Valid
MyBean mb2=ctx.getBean(bean2); --> Valid
MyBean mb3=ctx.getBean(bean3); --> Valid

Bean Scopes:

In J2SE applications, we are able to define scopes to the data by using the access
modifiers like public, protected, <default> and private.
Similarily, in Spring framework to define scopes to the beans spring framework has
provided the following scopes.

1.singleton Scope[Default Scope]

2.prototype Scope
3.request Scope
4.session Scope
5.globalSession Scope
6.application Scope
7.webSocket scope

1. singleton Scope:
64

It is default scope in Spring applications.

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If we use this scope to the bean then IOCContainer will create Single Bean object for
single bean definition in Spring config file.

This approach will return the same bean object for every time requesting bean object.
When we request bean object first time then IOCContainer will create bean object really
and it will be stored in Cache memory, then , every time accessing bean object ,
IOCContainer will return the same bean object reference value with out creating new
Bean objects.

EX:
beans.xml
<beans>
<bean id="bean1" class="com.durgasoft.MyBean" scope="singleton"/>
<bean id="bean2" class="com.durgasoft.MyBean" scope="singleton"/>
</beans>

System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean1"));//MyBean@a111
System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean1"));//MyBean@a111
System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean2"));//MyBean@a222
System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean2"));//MyBean@a222

2. prototype Scope:

It is not default Scope in Spring framework.

In Spring applications, if we provide "prototype" scope in bean configuration file then
IOCContainer will ceate a new Bean object at each and every time of calling getBean(--)
method.

EX:

beans.xml
---------
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<beans>
<bean id="bean1" class="com.durgasoft.MyBean" scope="prototype"/>
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<bean id="bean2" class="com.durgasoft.MyBean" scope="prototype"/>
</beans>

System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean1"));//MyBean@a111
System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean1"));//MyBean@a222
System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean2"));//MyBean@a333
System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean2"));//MyBean@a444

3. requestScope:

This scope is not usefull in Standalone Applications[Spring Core MOdule], it will be used
in Web applications which are prepared on the basis of Spring Web module.
RequestScope is able to create a seperate bean object for each and every request object.

4. sessionScope:

This Scope will be used web applications which are prepared on the basis of Spring web
module and it is not applicable in Standalone Applications.
sessionScope allows to create a seperate bean object for each and every Session object in
web applications.

5. globalSession Scope:

This scope is not usefull in standard applications, it is usefull in portlet applications which
are prepared on the basis of SPring web module.
globalSession scope allows to create a seperate bean object for each and every portlet
Session.

6. application Scope:

This scope is not usefull in standalone Applications, it is usefull in web applications

prepared on the basis of Spring web momdule.
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ApplicationScope allows to create a seperate bean object for each and every
ServletContext object.
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7. webSocketScope:

This scope is usefull in web applications which are prepared on the basis of spring web
module.
websocket scope allows to create a seperate bean object for single websocket lifecycle.

If we use the scopes like request, session, globalSession, appplication, webSocket,... in

standalone applications which are prepared on the basis of spring core module then
Container will rise an exception like "java.lang.IllegalStateException".

Note: Spring Framework has provided environment to customize the existed scopes ,
but, it is not suggestible. Spring framework has provided environment to create new
scopes in spring applications.

To define and use custom scopes in Spring Framework we have to use the following
steps.

1.Create User Defined Scope class.

2.Register User defined Scope in Spring beans configuration file.
3.Use User defined Scope to the Beans in beans configuration file.

1. Create User defined Scope class:

a) Declare an user defined class.

b) Implement org.springframework.beans.factory.config.Scope interface to User defined
class.
c) Implement the following Scope interface methods in User defined class.
1) get(--): It able to generate a bean object from Scope.
public Object get(String name, ObjectFactory factory)
2) remove(): It able to remove bean object from Scope.
public Object remove(String name)
3) getConversationalId(): It able to provide an id value of the scope if any.
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EX: IN Session scope, generating sessionId.

public String getConversationId()
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4) registerDestructionCallback(): It will be executed when bean object is destroyed in
Scope
public void registerDestructionCallback(String name, Runnable r)
5) resolveContextualObject(): It will resolve the situation where Multiple Context
objects associated with the keys.
public Object resolveContextualObject(String name)
Note: From the above methods, get() and remove() methods are mandatory to
implement and all the remaining methods are optional.

2. Register User defined Scope in Spring beans configuration File:

a) Configure org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomScopeConfigurer class as a

bean.
b) Declare "scopes" as property in CustomScopeConfigurer
c) Declare "map" under scopes property.
d) Declare "entry" under the "map".
e) Declare "key" in "entry" with User defined scope name and provide value as USer
defined SCope object.

3. Apply User defined Scope to bean definitions:

Use "scope" attribute in <bean> tag to apply user defined scope.

Note: In the following example, we have defined threadScope as user defined scope,
that is, it able to create a seperate bean object for each and every thread.

Example:

CustomThreadLocal.java
package com.durgasoft.scopes;
import java.util.HashMap;
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public class CustomThreadLocal extends ThreadLocal<Object> {

@Override
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protected Object initialValue() {
return new HashMap<String, Object>();
}
}

ThreadScope.java

package com.durgasoft.scopes;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.Scope;

public class ThreadScope implements Scope {

Map<String, Object> scope = null;

CustomThreadLocal threadLocal = new CustomThreadLocal();
@Override
public Object get(String name, ObjectFactory objectFactory) {

scope = (Map<String, Object>)threadLocal.get();

Object obj = scope.get(name);
if(obj == null) {
obj = objectFactory.getObject();
scope.put(name, obj);
}
return obj;
}

@Override
public String getConversationId() {
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// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;
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}

@Override
public void registerDestructionCallback(String arg0, Runnable arg1) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

@Override
public Object remove(String name) {
Object obj = scope.remove(name);
return obj;
}

@Override
public Object resolveContextualObject(String arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}

HelloBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class HelloBean {

public HelloBean() {
System.out.println("HelloBean Object is created");
}
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello User from "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" Scope";
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}
}
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Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;
import com.durgasoft.scopes.ThreadScope;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloBean bean1 = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
HelloBean bean2 = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(bean1);
System.out.println(bean2);
System.out.println(bean1 == bean2);
System.out.println(bean1.sayHello());
System.out.println(bean2.sayHello());

ThreadScope threadScope = (ThreadScope)context.getBean("threadScope");

HelloBean bean3 = (HelloBean)threadScope.remove("helloBean");
System.out.println(bean3);

HelloBean bean4 = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");

HelloBean bean5 = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(bean4);
System.out.println(bean5);
System.out.println(bean4 == bean5);
71

System.out.println(bean4.sayHello());
System.out.println(bean5.sayHello());
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}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

</beans>

2. Java Based Configuration

In Spring, upto Spring2.4 version Spring beans configuration file is mandatory to

configure bean classes and their metadata, but, Right from Spring3.x version Spring beans
configuration file is optional, because, SPring3.x version has provided Java Based
Configuration as replacement for XML documents.

If we want to use Java Based Configuration as an alternative to Spring beans

configuration file in Spring applications then we have to use the following steps.
72

1. Create Bean classes as per the requirement.

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2. Create Beans configuration class with the following annotations.

org.springframework.context.annotation.@Configuration
--> It able to represent a class as configuration class.
org.springframework.context.annotation.@Bean
--> It will be used at method to represent the return object is bean object.

3. In Test class, Create ApplicationContext object with the

org.springframework.context.annotation.Annot
ationConfigpplicationContext implementation class.

ApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);

4. Get Bean object from ApplicationContext by using the following method.

public Object getaBean(Class c)

EX: Bean b=context.getBean(Bean.class);

5. Access business methods from Bean.

Example:

HelloBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class HelloBean {

static {
System.out.println("Bean Loading.....");
}
public HelloBean() {
System.out.println("Bean Created....");
73

}
public String sayHello() {
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return "Hello User";
}
}

HelloBeanConfig.java

package com.durgasoft.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;

@Configuration
public class HelloBeanConfig {
@Bean
public HelloBean helloBean() {
return new HelloBean();
}
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;
import com.durgasoft.config.HelloBeanConfig;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

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ApplicationContext context = new
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloBeanConfig.class);
HelloBean bean = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(bean.sayHello());
}

Bean Lifecycle:

In spring framework applications, when IOC Container recognizes all the beans definitions
in beans configuration file then IOC Container will execute that bean by using the
following lifecycle actions.

1. Bean Class Loading

2. Bean Instantiation
3. Bean Initialization
4. Bean Destruction

1. Bean Class Loading:

When IOC Container recognized fully qualified names of the bean classes in beans
configuration file then IOC Container will load the specified bean class byte code to the
memory. To load bean class bytecode to the memory, IOC Container will use the
following method.

public static Class forName(String class_Name)throws ClassNotFoundException

EX: Class c=Class.forName("com.durgasoft.beans.Welcom
eBean");

2. Bean Instantiation
75

In Spring applications, after loading bean class bytecode to the memory, IOC Container
will create object for the bean class.
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IN Spring applications we are able to use the following three approaches to create Bean
objects.

1.By using Constructor directly.

2.By Using Static Factory Method
3.By Using Instance Factory Method

1. Bean Instantiation through Constructors:

If we want to create bean objects by using constructors then we must provide 0-arg
costructor in bean class irrespective of bean class constructor scopes.

Note: In Bean class , if we provide parameterized constructor then IOC Container will rise
an exception.

EX:

HelloBean.java

pbulic class HelloBean{

public HelloBean(){
System.out.println("Bean Instantiation");
}
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello User!";
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="hello" class="HelloBean"/>
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</beans>
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Test.java

class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloBean bean=(HelloBean)context.getBean("hello");
System.out.println(bean.sayaHello());
}
}

1. Bean Instantiation through Static Factory Method:

In this approach, first we have to define static factory method in Bean class and we have
to configure that static factory method in bean defination in beans configuration file.
EX:

HelloBean.java

public class HelloBean{

public static HelloBean getInstance(){
System.out.println("Static Factory Method");
return new HelloBean();
}
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello User!";
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
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<bean id="hello" class="HelloBean"

factory-method="getInstance"/>
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</beans>

Test.java

2. Bean Instantiation through INstance Factory Method:

In this approach, we have to define a seperate factory class with instance factory method
and we have to configure factory class as bean in beans configuration file then we have
to configure factory class and factory method in the original bean class definition by using
"factory-bean" and
"factory-method" attributes.

EX:

HelloBeanFactory.java

public class HelloBeanFactory{

public HelloBean getBeanInstance(){
SYstem.out.println("Instance Factory Method");
return new HelloBean();
}

HelloBean.java
78

public class HelloBean{

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public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello User!";
}
}

applicationContext.xml

Test.java

As part of Beans lifecycle, IOC Container has to perform Beans initialization after the
Bean Instantiation and IOC Container has to perform Bean destruction after executing the
business logic or at the time of shutdown the IOC Container.

There are three ways to perform Beans initialization and destruction in Spring
Framework.
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1. By using Custom initialization and destruction methods.

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2. By using InitializingBean and DesposableBean callback interfaces.
3. By using @PostConstruct and @Predestroy annotations

1. By using Custom initialization and destruction methods:

In this approach, we have to define user defined initialization and destruction methods
with any name and we have to configure that user defined methods in beans definitions
in beans configuration file by using "init-method" and "destroy-method" attributes in
<bean> tag.

EX:

WelcomeBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class WelcomeBean {

public void init(){
System.out.println("User defined init() method");
}
public String sayWelcome(){
return "Welcome To Durga Software Solutions";
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("User defined destroy() Method");
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="wel" class="com.durgasoft.beans.WelcomeBean"
80

init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy" />

</beans>
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Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.WelcomeBean;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
AbstractApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
WelcomeBean bean=(WelcomeBean)context.getBean("wel");
System.out.println(bean.sayWelcome());
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
}

2. By using InitializingBean and DesposableBean callback interfaces:

IN Spring framework, InitializingBean is a callback interface , it provides the following

method to execute while performing bean initialization by IOC Container.

public void afterPropertiesSet()throws Exception

Note: This method will be executed by the container after executing all the setXXX()
methods of bean class by ApplicationContext.

IN Spring framework, DisposableBean is a callback interface, it provides the following

method to execute while performing Bean Destruction by IOC Container.

public void destroy()

EX:
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WelcomeBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

public class WelcomeBean implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean{

private String message;
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
System.out.println("setMessage()");
}
public String sayWelcome(){
return message;
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
message="Welcome To Durga Software Solutions";
System.out.println("afterPropertiesSet()");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("destroy()");
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
82

<bean id="wel" class="com.durgasoft.beans.WelcomeBean">

<property name="message" value="Welcome To Durgasoft"/>
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</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.WelcomeBean;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
AbstractApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
WelcomeBean bean=(WelcomeBean)context.getBean("wel");
System.out.println(bean.sayWelcome());
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
}

3. By using @PostConstruct and @Predestroy annotations

@PostConstruct annotation will make a method to execute by the IOC Container while
performing Beans iniitalization.

@Predestroy annotation will make a method to execute by the IOC Container while
performing Bean Destruction.

EX:

Welcome.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
83

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
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import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

public class WelcomeBean {

private String message;

public String getMessage() {

return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
System.out.println("setMessage()");
}
public String sayWelcome(){
return message;
}
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
System.out.println("postConstruct method");
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("preDestroy method");
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans >
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="wel" class="com.durgasoft.beans.WelcomeBean">
<property name="message" value="Welcome To Durgasoft"/>
</bean>
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</beans>
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Note: We need to provide "context" name space along with beans name space in spring
beans configuration file.

Test.java

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
AbstractApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
WelcomeBean bean=(WelcomeBean)context.getBean("wel");
System.out.println(bean.sayWelcome());
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
}

Note: IN general, in spring framework applications, we are able to use either of the above
three approaches to perform beans initialization and destruction, we are not using all
three approaches at a time. If we use all the above three approaches in single bean theni
IOC Container will execute the above three approaches provided intialization methods
and destruction methods in the following order.

Initialiazation order:

a) an initialization method marked with @Postconstruct annotation.

b) afterPropertiesSet() method provided by InnitializingBean callback interface.
c) an initialization method configured with "init-method" in <bean> tag in beans
configuration file

Destruction Order:

a) A Destruction method marked with @Predestroy annotation

b) destroy() method provided by DisposableBean callback interface.
85

c) A destruction method configured with "destroy-method" annotation in <bean> tag in

beans configuration file.
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Note: If we have same initialization method and destruction method in more than one
bean class in spring application then we are able to provide common init method and
destroy method configuration by using
"default-init-method" attribute and "default-destroy-method" attribute in <beans>
tag[not in <bean> tag] with out providing "init-method" and "destroy-method" attributes
in <bean> tag at each and every bean configuration.

EX:

Welcome.java

public class Welcome {

public void init(){
System.out.println("init()-Welcome");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("destroy()-Welcome");
}
}
Hello.java

public class Hello{

public void init(){
System.out.println("init()-Hello");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("destroy()-Hello");
}
}

spring_beans_config.xml
86

<beans default-init-method="init" default-destroy-method="destroy">

<bean id="welcome" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Welcome"/>
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<bean id="hello" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Hello"/>
</beans>

Test.java

public class Test{

public static void main(String[] args){
AbstractApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("
/com/durgasoft/cfgs/spring_beans_config.xml");
Welcome bean1=(Welcome)context.getBean("welcome");
Hello bean2=(Hello)context.getBean("hello");
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
}
4. Beans Inheritance:

In general, in Spring framework, we are able to provide more and more no of

configuration details in beans definitions under beans configuration file like properties
configurations, dependency injection related configurations, initialization destruction
methods configurations,.......

In the above context, we are able to reuse one bean configuration details in another bean
configurations like normal java classes inheritance inorder to improve reusability and
inorder to reduce no of configurations in spring configuration file by declaring parent and
chaild beans configurations.

To declare a particular bean configuration as parent to the present bean configuration

then we have to use "parent" attribute in "<bean>" tag in beans configuration file, where
"parent" attribute will take identity of the respective bean definition.

EX:
WishBean.java
87

package com.durgasoft.beans;
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public class WishBean {
private String wish_Message;
private String name;

public void init(){

System.out.println("WishBean Initialization");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("WishBean Destruction");
}

setXXX()
getXXX()
}

HelloBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class HelloBean {
private String wish_Message;
private String name;

public void init(){

System.out.println("HelloBean Initialization");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("HelloBean Destruction");
}

setXXX()
getXXX()
88

public String sayHello(){

return wish_Message+name;
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}
}

WelcomeBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class WelcomeBean {
private String wish_Message;
private String name;

public void init(){

System.out.println("WelcomeBean Initialization");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("WelcomeBean Destruction");
}

setXXX()
getXXX()

public String sayWelcome(){

return wish_Message+name;
}
}

spring_beans_config.xml

<beans>
<bean id="wishBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.WishBean" init-method="init"
destroy-method="destroy">
<property name="wish_Message" value="Durga Software Solutions"/>
<property name="name" value="Anil"/>
89

</bean>
<bean id="helloBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean" parent="wishBean">
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<property name="wish_Message" value="Hello "/>
</bean>
<bean id="welcomeBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.WelcomeBean"
parent="wishBean">
<property name="wish_Message" value="Welcome "/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;
import com.durgasoft.beans.WelcomeBean;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
AbstractApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/com/durgasoft/cfgs/ spring_beans_config.xml");
HelloBean hello=(HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(hello.sayHello());
System.out.println();
WelcomeBean welcome=(WelcomeBean)context.getBean("welcomeBean");
System.out.println(welcome.sayWelcome());
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
}

In the above Beans Inheritance, it is possible to declare parent bean definition as a

template, that is, a set of configurations which we want to apply to chaild definintions,
not to have its own bean class and not to apply to its own bean class.
90

To declare a bean definition as template we have to use "abstract" attribute with "true"
value in <bean> tag , in this context, it is not required to use "class" attribute in bean tag.
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EX:
<beans>
<bean id="wishBean" abstract="true" .... >

</bean>
<bean id="helloBean" class="HelloBean" parent="wishBean">

</bean>
<bean id="welBean" class="WelcomeBean" parent="wishBean">

</bean>
</beans>

Example:

WishBean.java
package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class WishBean {

private String wish_Message;
private String name;

public void init(){

System.out.println("WishBean Initialization");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("WishBean Destruction");
}
public String getWish_Message() {
return wish_Message;
91

}
public void setWish_Message(String wish_Message) {
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this.wish_Message = wish_Message;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}

HelloBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class HelloBean {

private String wish_Message;
private String name;

public void init(){

System.out.println("HelloBean Initialization");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("HelloBean Destruction");
}

public String getWish_Message() {

return wish_Message;
}
public void setWish_Message(String wish_Message) {
this.wish_Message = wish_Message;
92

}
public String getName() {
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return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public String sayHello(){

return wish_Message+name;
}
}

WelcomeBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class WelcomeBean {

private String wish_Message;
private String name;

public void init(){

System.out.println("WelcomeBean Initialization");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("WelcomeBean Destruction");
}

public String getWish_Message() {

return wish_Message;
}
public void setWish_Message(String wish_Message) {
this.wish_Message = wish_Message;
93

}
public String getName() {
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return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public String sayWelcome(){

return wish_Message+name;
}
}

Test.java

//WishBean wish = (WishBean)context.getBean("wishBean");---> Exception

//System.out.println(wish);
HelloBean hello=(HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(hello.sayHello());
System.out.println();
WelcomeBean welcome=(WelcomeBean)context.getBean("welcomeBean");
System.out.println(welcome.sayWelcome());
context.registerShutdownHook();
94

}
}
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applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<bean id="wishBean" abstract="true" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy">

Nested Beans:

Declaring a bean configuration in another bean configuration is called as Inner Beans or

Nested Beans.

IN Bean class, if we declare any property of User defined class type then we have to use
<bean> tag for the user defined class as value to the respective property under
<property> tag.

<beans>
95

<bean .... >

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<property name="variable of USer defined class type">
<bean id="--" class="---"/>
</property>

</bean>

</beans>
EX:
Account.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Account {
private String accNo;
private String accName;
private String accType;
private long balance;
setXXX()
getXXX()
}

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Employee {
private String eid;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;
private Account acc;

setXXX()
getXXX()
96

public void displayEmpDetails(){

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System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("-----------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eid);
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+esal);
System.out.println("Employee Address:"+eaddr);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Account Details");
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println("Account Number :"+acc.getAccNo());
System.out.println("Account Name :"+acc.getAccName());
System.out.println("Account Type :"+acc.getAccType());
System.out.println("Account Balance :"+acc.getBalance());
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="emp" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Employee">
<property name="eid" value="E-111"/>
<property name="ename" value="Durga"/>
<property name="esal" value="10000"/>
<property name="eaddr" value="Hyd"/>
<property name="acc">
<bean id="account" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Account">
<property name="accNo" value="abc123"/>
<property name="accName" value="Durga"/>
<property name="accType" value="Savings"/>
<property name="balance" value="20000"/>
</bean>
</property>
97

</bean>
</beans>
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Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee emp=(Employee)context.getBean("emp");
emp.displayEmpDetails();
}
}

BeanPostProcessor:

In SPring Framework, when we activate ApplicationContext container then

ApplicationContext container will perform the following actions automatically with out
having developers interaction.
1. ApplicatinContext will read beans definitions from beans configuration file.
2. ApplicationContext will recognize beans classes and creates objecs for bean classes
3. ApplicationContext will perform initialization by executing initialization methods.
4. When IOCContainer is shutdown then bean objects are destroyed.

IN the above Bean lifecycle, if we want to provide customizations over beans

initializations then we have to use a predefined interface provided by Spring framework
like "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor".

BeanPostProcessor contains the following two methods .

1.public void postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String name) throws
BeansException
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--> This method will be executed just before performing bean initialization and
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immediatly after bean instantiation, that is, before executing init() method if we provide
custom initialization method init().

2. public void postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String name) throws

BeansException
--> This method will be executed immediatly after performing beans initialization, that is,
after executing init() method if we provide custom initialization method init().

To use BeanPostPrcessor in Spring applications we have to declare an user defined class

as an implementation class to BeanPostProcessor interface , we must implement the
above specified methods and we must configure implementation class in bean
configuration file. If we provide like this then container will detect BeanPostProcessor
implementation automatically and IOCContainer will execute the BeanPostProcessor
methods in the respective locations of the beans lifecycle.

EX:

BeanPostProcessorImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.processor;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Customer;
public class BeanPostProcessorImpl implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String name) throws
BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization()");
Customer cust=(Customer)bean;
cust.setCmobile("91-9988776655");
return cust;
}
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@Override
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public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String name) throws
BeansException {
System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization()");
Customer cust=(Customer)bean;
cust.setCemail("[email protected]");
return cust;
}
}

Customer.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Customer {
private String cid;
private String cname;
private String caddr;
private String cemail;
private String cmobile;

public Customer(){
System.out.println("Customer Bean Object Creating");
}
public void init(){
System.out.println("Customer Bean Object Initialization through init()
method");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("Customer Object Destroying through destroy()
method");
}

setXXX()
100

getXXX()
public void getCustomerDetails(){
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System.out.println("Customer Details");
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println("Customer Id :"+cid);
System.out.println("Customer Name :"+cname);
System.out.println("Customer Address:"+caddr);
System.out.println("Customer Email :"+cemail);
System.out.println("Customer Mobile :"+cmobile);
}
}
applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="cust" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Customer" init-method="init" destroy-
method="destroy">
<property name="cid" value="C-111"/>
<property name="cname" value="Durga"/>
<property name="caddr" value="Hyd"/>
</bean>
<bean class="com.durgasoft.processor.BeanPostProcessorImpl"/>
</beans>
Test.java
package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Customer;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
AbstractApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Customer cust=(Customer)context.getBean("cust");
cust.getCustomerDetails();
context.registerShutdownHook();
101

}
}
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Inversion Of Control[IOC]
In general, in enterprise application if we need any service in our application then we have
to put request to the service provider, where service provider has to create the required
service then service provider has to send that service to the respective application.

In enterprise applications, Inversion Of Control is a design pattern or a design principle, it

will make service provider to identify the required services of the enterprise applications
and it will make the service provider to create and inject the required services to the
application with out expecting any request from the application.

IOC is available in the following two forms.

1.Dependency Lookup
2.Dependency Injection

1. Dependency Lookup

In Dependency Lookup, Service Provider will create the services and mainatined that
services either in the regisry Softwares or in the containers , where we have to perform
lookup operations inorder to get the required services.

There are two ways to get achieve Dependency lookup.

1.Dependency Pull
2.Contextualized Dependency Lookup

1. Dependecy Pull:

In Dependency Pull, Service Provider will create services and it will keep that services in any
registry softwares, where we have to perform lookup operation inorde to get the required
services, that is, pull the required services from registry softwares.
102

EX1: When we start application Servers like Weblogic, JBOSS , Websphere and Glassfish ,
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automatically, Application Servers will create Datasource object and Application Servers

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will keep that Datasource object in JNDI Server as per the server settings which we made in
application Server. In this context, we have to perform lookup(--) operation over JNDI
server on the basis of the logical name inorder to get the required Datasource object.

EX2:IN RMI Applications, User defined Registry Application will create Remote object and it
will keep that Remote object in RMIRegistry with a particular logical name , here to get the
required Remote object in Client Application we have to perform lookup operation over
RMIRegistry on the basis of the logical name.

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2. Contextualized Dependency Lookup

IN this mechanism, Service Provider will create the services and manage services , in this
context, we have to perform lookup operation inorder to get the required services from
Service Provider.

EX: In general, in web applications, when we start application Server then container will
recognize all the web applications and container will deploy all the web applications into
the server, when web applications are deployed in server , container will create
ServletContext object automatically and Container will manage ServletContext object , in
this context , to get ServletContext object we have to use getServletContext() method from
GenericServlet directly with out using any reference variable, from ServletConfig object
reference and from ServletRequest object reference, that is, performing lookup operation
in Container to get ServletContext object.

2. Dependency Injection
104

IN this mechanism, Service Provider will create the services and inject the required services
to the application directly with out performing lookup operations and with out getting
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request from client.

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EX:In web applications, when we submit request to a particular Servlet , Container will
execute the requested Servlet by performing the Servlet life cycle actions like Servlet
Loading, Servlet Instantiation, Servlet Initialization , Request Processing and Servlet
Deinstantiation. In Servlet initialization phase, container will create ServletConfig object
and Container will inject ServletConfig object to the Servlet program through init(--)
method, in Request Processing phase, Container has to create request and response
objects and Container has to inject request and response objects to the Servlet program
through service() method.
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet{
ServletConfig config;
public void init(ServletConfig config)throws ServletException{
this.config=config;
}
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException{
----
}
}

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There are two ways to achieve dependency injection.

1.Constructor Dependency Injection
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2.Setter Method Dependency Injection

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1. Constructor Dependency Injection

If we inject dependent values to the Bean object through Constructor then this type of
Dependency Injection is called as "Constructor Dependency Injection".

If we want to use constructor dependency injection in SPring applications , first we have to

declare the respective parameterized constructor in the corresponmding bean class then
we have to declare that constructor arguments in spring configuration file by using the
following tags.

<beans>

<bean ..... >

<constructor-arg value="--"/>
<constructor-arg> value </constructor-arg>

</bean>
----
</beans>

EX:

Course.java
------------
package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Course {

private String cid;
private String cname;
private int ccost;

public Course(String cid, String cname, int ccost){

106

this.cid=cid;
this.cname=cname;
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this.ccost=ccost;
}

public void getCourseDetails(){

System.out.println("Course Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
System.out.println("Course Id :"+cid);
System.out.println("Course Name :"+cname);
System.out.println("Course Cost :"+ccost);
}

applicationContext.xml

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Course;
107

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
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ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Course course=(Course)context.getBean("crs");
course.getCourseDetails();
}
}
2. Setter Method Dependency Injection

If we inject dependent values to the Bean through setXXX() methods then it is called as
"Setter Method Dependency Injection".

To inject primive values and String value to the bean object then we have to use "value"
attributes in <property> or <constructor-arg> tags in beans configuration file, but, If we
want to inject User defined data types , that is, Object reference values then we have to
use "ref" attribute in <property> tag or in <constructor-arg> tag.

EX:

Account.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Account {

private String accNo;
private String accName;
private String accType;
private long balance;

setXXX()
getXXX()
}
108

Employee.java
package com.durgasoft.beans;
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public class Employee {

private String eid;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;
private Account acc;

setXXX()
getXXX()

public void getEmployeeDetails(){

System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eid);
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+esal);
System.out.println("Employee Address:"+eaddr);
System.out.println("Account Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
System.out.println("Account Number :"+acc.getAccNo());
System.out.println("Account Name :"+acc.getAccName());
System.out.println("Account Type :"+acc.getAccType());
System.out.println("Account Balance:"+acc.getBalance());
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="acc" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Account">
109

<property name="accNo" value="abc123"/>

<property name="accName" value="Durga"/>
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<property name="accType" value="Savings"/>
<property name="balance" value="25000"/>
</bean>
<bean id="emp" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Employee">
<property name="eid" value="E-111" />
<property name="ename" value="Durga"/>
<property name="esal" value="50000"/>
<property name="eaddr" value="Hyd"/>
<property name="acc" ref="acc"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee emp=(Employee)context.getBean("emp");
emp.getEmployeeDetails();
}
}
Different Types of Elements Injection:

In Spring applications, if we want to inject User defined data types then we have to use
either "ref" attribute in <property> and <constructor-arg> tags or we have to use <ref>
nested tag under <property> and <constructor-arg> tags
EX:
110

<beans>
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<bean id="--" class="--">
<property name="--" ref="--"/>
<ref bean="--"/>
</property>

</bean>

</beans>

In spring applications, if we want to inject List of elements in beans then we have to declare
the corresponding property as java.util.List and we have to provide values in configuration
file by using <list> tag in <property> tag or in <constructor-arg> tag.
EX:
---
<beans>
<bean id="---" class="--">
<property name="--">
<list>
<value>value1</value>
<value>value2</value>
----
----
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

In Spring applications, if we want to inject Set of elements in Bean object then we have to
declare the corresponding property as java.util.Set and we have to provide values in
configuration file by using <set> tag under <property> tag or <constructor-arg> tag.
EX:
---
111

<beans>
<bean id="---" class="--">
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<property name="--">
<set>
<value>value1</value>
<value>value2</value>
----
----
</set>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

In Spring applications, if we want to inject Map of elements in Bean object then we have to
declare the corresponding property as java.util.Map and we have to provide Key-Value
pairs in configuration file by using <map> and <entry> tags under <property> tag or
<constructor-arg> tag.
EX:
---
<beans>
<bean id="--" class="--">
<property name="--">
<map>
<entry key="key1" value="value1"/>
<entry key="key2" value="value2"/>
----
</map>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

In Spring applications, if we want to inject Properties of elements in Bean object then we

have to declare the corresponding property as java.util.Properties and we have to provide
Key-Value pairs in configuration file by using <props> and <prop> tags under <property>
112

tag or <constructor-arg> tag.

EX:
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---
<beans>
<bean id="--" class="--">
<property name="--">
<props>
<prop key="key1"> value1</prop>
<prop key="key2"> value2</prop>
----
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

Example:

Student.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class Student {

private String sid;
private String sname;
private Address saddr;
private List<String> squal;
private Set<String> scourses;
private Map<String, String> scourses_And_Faculty;
private Properties scourse_And_Cost;
113

setXXX()
getXXX()
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public void getStudentDeails(){
System.out.println("Student Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
System.out.println("Student Id :"+sid);
System.out.println("Student Name :"+sname);
System.out.println("Student Address :"+saddr);
System.out.println("Student Qualifications :"+squal);
System.out.println("Student Courses :"+scourses);
System.out.println("Student Courses And Faculty :"+scourses_And_Faculty);
System.out.println("Student Courses And Cost :"+scourse_And_Cost);
}
}

Address.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Address {
private String pno;
private String street;
private String city;
private String country;

setXXX()
getXXX()

public String toString(){

return pno+","+street+","+city+","+country;
}
}

applicationContext.xml
114

<beans>
<bean id="addr" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Address">
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<property name="pno" value="202"/>
<property name="street" value="M G Road"/>
<property name="city" value="Banglore"/>
<property name="country" value="India"/>
</bean>
<bean id="std" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student">
<property name="sid" value="S-111"/>
<property name="sname" value="Durga"/>
<property name="saddr">
<ref bean="addr"/>
</property>
<property name="squal">
<list>
<value>BTech</value>
<value>MTech</value>
<value>PHD</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="scourses">
<set>
<value>Core Java</value>
<value>Adv Java</value>
<value>Spring</value>
<value>Hibernate</value>
<value>WebServices</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="scourses_And_Faculty">
<map>
<entry key="Core Java" value="Ratan"/>
<entry key="Adv Java" value="Durga"/>
<entry key="Spring" value="Sriman"/>
115

<entry key="Hibernate" value="Naveen"/>

<entry key="Webservices" value="Naidu"/>
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</map>
</property>
<property name="scourse_And_Cost">
<props>
<prop key="Core Java">1500</prop>
<prop key="Adv Java">2000</prop>
<prop key="Spring">3000</prop>
<prop key="Hibernate">3000</prop>
<prop key="Webservices">3000</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student std=(Student)context.getBean("std");
std.getStudentDeails();
}
}

Circular Dependency Injection:

In Spring applications, if more than one bean objects are depending on each other through
116

constructor dependency injection then it is called as Circular Dependency Injection, whichis

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not supported by Spring famework, it able to rise an exception like "
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException"

Ex:

Student.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Student {

Branch branch;
public Student(Branch branch) {
this.branch=branch;
}
public String getStudentName(){
return "Durga";
}
}

Branch.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Branch {

Student student;
public Branch(Student student) {
this.student=student;
}
public String getBranchName(){
return "S R Nagar";
}
}
117

appliocationContext.xml
<beans>
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<bean id="student" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student">
<constructor-arg ref="branch"/>
</bean>
<bean id="branch" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Branch">
<constructor-arg ref="student"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Branch;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student std=(Student)context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(std.getStudentName());
Branch branch=(Branch)context.getBean("branch");
System.out.println(branch.getBranchName());
}
}

In Spring applications, if we want to resolve Circular Dependency Injection then we have to

use Setter Method dependency Injection instead of Constructor Dependency Injection.
Student.java
package com.durgasoft.beans;
118

public class Student {

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Branch branch;
setXXX()
getXXX()
}

Branch.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Branch {

Student student;
setXXX()
getXXX()
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="student" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student">
<property name="branch" ref="branch"/>
</bean>
<bean id="branch" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Branch">
<property name="student" ref="student"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Test.java
package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Branch;
119

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
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public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student std=(Student)context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(std.getStudentName());
Branch branch=(Branch)context.getBean("branch");
System.out.println(branch.getBranchName());
}
}

Q)In Spring applications, if we provide both Setter method dependency injection and
Constructor dependency injection to a single bean then what will happen in Spring
Application?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ans:
----
If we provide both Constructor dependency injection and Setter method dependency
injection to a single bean then IOC Container will perform constructor dependency
injection first at the time of creating Bean object , after that, IOC Container will perform
Setter method dependency injection, that is, Constructor Dependency Injection provided
values are overridden with setter method dependency injection provided values, finally,
Bean object is able to manage Setter method dependency Injection provided values.

Example:

Student.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Student {
private String sid;
private String sname;
120

private String saddr;

public Student(String sid, String sname, String saddr){
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this.sid=sid;
this.sname=sname;
this.saddr=saddr;
System.out.println("Student(---)-Constructor");
}

setXXX()
getXXX()

public void getStudentDetails(){

System.out.println("Student Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
System.out.println("Student Id :"+sid);
System.out.println("Student Name :"+sname);
System.out.println("Student Address :"+saddr);
}

applicationContext.xml
------------------------
<beans>
<bean id="std" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="S-111"/>
<constructor-arg index="1" value="AAA"/>
<constructor-arg index="2" value="Hyd"/>

<property name="sid" value="S-222"/>

<property name="sname" value="BBB"/>
<property name="saddr" value="Sec"/>
</bean>
</beans>
121

Test.java
package com.durgasoft.test;
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student std=(Student)context.getBean("std");
std.getStudentDetails();
}
}

Q)What are the differences between Constructor Dependency Injection and Setter Method
Dependency Injection?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ans:
----
1. In Constructor dependency injection, dependent values injected through a particular
constructor.

In Setter method dependency injection, dependent values are injected through properties
respective setXXX() methods.

2.In Constructor Dependency Injection readability is not good , because, in Constructor

dependency injection we are unable to identify to which property we are injecting
dependent values.

In setter method Dependency injection Readability is very good, because, in Setter method
Dependency injection we are able to identify that to property we are able to inject the
dependent values.

3.In Constructor Dependency injection , dependency injection is possible when all

122

dependent objects are getting ready, if dependent objects are not ready then Constructor
dependency injection is not possible.
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In Setter method dependency injection, even though dependent values are not ready,
Setter method dependency injection will be performed.

4.In case of constructor dependency injection ,partial dependency injection is not possible,
because, we have to access the constructor by passing the required no of parameter
values.

In case of setter method dependency injection, partial dependency injection is possible ,

because, we are able to access setXXX() method individually.

5.IN case of constructor dependency injection, it is not simple to change the values in bean
object.

In case of Setter method dependency injection , it is very simple to change the values in
bean object.

6.In Constructor dependency injection, for every change on values a new bean object is
created, because, for every change we have to call constructor explicitly.

In Setter method dependency injection, for every change on values new object is not
created, because, for every change we can access setXXX() method explicitly.

7.Constructor dependency injection will make the bean object as "Immutable Object".

Setter method dependency injection will make the bean object as "mutable Object".

8.If we provide both Constructor and setter method dependency injection to a single bean
object then setter method dependency injection overrides constructor dependency
injection, but, constructor dependency injection is not overriding setter cmethod
dependency injection.

9.Constructor dependency injection may provide circular dependency injection.

123

Setter method dependency injection will not provide circular dependency injection.
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10.Constuctor dependency injection will give guarantee for dependency injection.

Setter method dependency injection will not give guarantee for dependency injection.

11.In Spring applications, if we have more no of elements to inject then it is suggestible to

use Constructor dependency injection instead of setter method dependency injection.

P-Namespace and C-Namespace :

p-Namespace:

IN general, in setter method dependency injection, to specify dependent values in spring

configuration file we have to use <property> tags as per the no of properties in the bean
class. In this context, to remove <property> tags and to provide dependent values as
atributes in <bean> tag in spring configuration file we have to use "P-Namespace".

Note: To use p-namespace in spring configration file we have to define "p" namespace in
XSD like below.

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

To provide value as attribute by using "p" namespace in <bean> tag we have to use the
following syntax.

<bean id="--" class="--" p:prop_Name="value" p:prop_Name="value".../>

If we want to specify object referernce variable as dependent value the we have to use "-
ref" along with property.

<bean id="--" class="--" p:prop_Name-ref="ref"/>

C-Namespace:
124

In general, in constgructor dependency injection, to specify dependent values in spring

configuration file we have to use <copnstructor-arg> tags as per the no of parameters
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which we defined in the bean class constructor . In this context, to remove <constructor-
arg> tags and to provide dependent values as attributes in <bean> tag in spring
configuration file we have to use "C-Namespace".

Note: To use c-namespace in spring configration file we have to define "c" namespace in
XSD like below.

xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

To provide value as attribute by using "c" namespace in <bean> tag we have to use the
following syntax.

<bean id="--" class="--" c:arg_Name="value" c:arg_Name="value".../>

If we want to specify object referernce variable as dependent value then we have to use "-
ref" along with argument_Name.

<bean id="--" class="--" c:arg_Name-ref="ref"/>

If we want to specify dependent values in beans configuration file on the basis of index
values then we have to use xml code like below.

<bean id="--" class="--" c:_0="val1" c:_1="val2"...c:_4-ref="ref"/>

Example:

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Employee {

private String eid;
125

private String ename;

private float esal;
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private Address eaddr;

setXXX()
getXXX()

public void getEmpDetails(){

System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eid);
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+esal);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Employee Address Details");
System.out.println("--------------------------");
System.out.println("House Number :"+eaddr.getHno());
System.out.println("Street :"+eaddr.getStreet());
System.out.println("City :"+eaddr.getCity());
System.out.println("State :"+eaddr.getState());
}
}

Address.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Address {

String hno;
String street;
String city;
String state;

setXXX()
126

getXXX()
}
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Student.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Student {

String sid;
String sname;
String saddr;
Course crs;
public Student(String sid, String sname, String saddr, Course crs) {
this.sid=sid;
this.sname=sname;
this.saddr=saddr;
this.crs=crs;
}

public void getStudentDetails(){

System.out.println("Student Details");
System.out.println("------------------");
System.out.println("Student Id :"+sid);
System.out.println("Student Name :"+sname);
System.out.println("Student Address :"+saddr);
System.out.println();
crs.getCourseDetails();
}
}

Course.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Course {

127

String cid;
String cname;
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int ccost;

public Course(String cid, String cname, int ccost) {

this.cid=cid;
this.cname=cname;
this.ccost=ccost;
}
public void getCourseDetails(){
System.out.println("Course Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Course Id :"+cid);
System.out.println("Course Name :"+cname);
System.out.println("Course Cost :"+ccost);
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<bean id="std" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student" c:sid="S-111"

c:sname="AAA" c:saddr="Hyd" c:crs-ref="crs"/>
<bean id="crs" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Course" c:_0="C-111"
c:_1="JAVA" c:_2="10000"/>
128

</beans>
Test.java
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package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee emp=(Employee)context.getBean("emp");
emp.getEmpDetails();
System.out.println();
Student std=(Student)context.getBean("std");
std.getStudentDetails();
}
}

129
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Beans Autowiring/Beans Collaboration

In general, in spring applications, if we want to inject dependent values in setter

method dependency injection or in constructor dependency injection we have to use
<property> or <constructor-arg> tags under <bean> tag. If we want to inject simple
values like primitive values, string values then we have to use "value" attribute and if
we want to inject Secondary data type elements like Objects then we have to use "ref"
attribute or we have to use <ref> tag in beans configuration file.

In spring applicatins , if we want to inject dependent bean objects to another bean

object automatically with out providing <property> tags and <constructor-arg> tags
then we have to use "Autowiring" feature.

"Autowiring" feature of spring framework will make the IOC Container to inject
dependent objects to the bean objects automatically on the basis of the properties
names or on the basis of properties types with out checking <property> tags and
<constructor-arg> tags.

There are four ways to manage autowiring in Spring applications.

1.XML Based Autowiring

2.Annotation Based Autowiring
3.Auto-Discovery[Stereo Types]
4.Java Based Autowiring

1. XML Based Auto wiring

In this approach, If we want to provide autowiring in spring applications then we have

to use "autowire" attribute in <bean> tag
EX:
<bean id="--" class="--" autowire="value">
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Here value may be either of the following "autowiring modes".

1.no
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2.byName

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3.byType
4.constructor

1.no

It is representing "no" autowiring for the beans injection, we must provide explicit
configuration for the beans injection.

2.byName

It will provide autowiring on the basis of the properties names. In this autowiring
mode, IOC Conainer will search for dependent bean objects by matching bean
properties names with the identity values of the beans configuration in spring
configuration file.

3.byType

It will provide autowiring on the basis of the properties data types. In this autowiring
mode, IOC Container will identify the dependent bean objects by matching properties
data types with the bean data types[ class attribute values] in bean configuration.

Note: In Beans configuration file, only one bean definition must be existed with the
same type , if we provide more than one bean configuration with the same type in
beans configuration file then IOC Container will rise an exception.

4.constructor

It is same as "byType" autowiring mode, but, "byType" autowiring will provide setter
method dependency injection and "constructor" autowiring mode will provide
constructor dependency injection on the basis of the types.

Example:
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Address.java
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package com.durgasoft.beans;

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public class Address {

private String hno;
private String street;
private String city;
private String state;

setXXX()
getXXX()

Account.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Account {
private String accNo;
private String accName;
private String accType;
private long balance;

setXXX()
getXXX()

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Employee {
private String eid;
private String ename;
private Address eaddr;
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private Account eacc;

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setXXX()

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getXXX()

public void getEmpDetails(){

System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eid);
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Employee Address Details");
System.out.println("--------------------------");
System.out.println("House Number:"+eaddr.getHno());
System.out.println("Street :"+eaddr.getStreet());
System.out.println("City :"+eaddr.getCity());
System.out.println("State :"+eaddr.getState());
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Employee Account Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
System.out.println("Account NUmber :"+eacc.getAccNo());
System.out.println("Account Name :"+eacc.getAccName());
System.out.println("Account Type :"+eacc.getAccType());
System.out.println("Account Balance:"+eacc.getBalance());
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="eaddr" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Address">
<property name="hno" value="23/3rt"/>
<property name="street" value="PS Road"/>
<property name="city" value="Hyd"/>
<property name="state" value="Tel"/>
</bean>
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<bean id="eacc" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Account">

<property name="accNo" value="abc123"/>
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<property name="accName" value="Durga"/>

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<property name="accType" value="Savings"/>
<property name="balance" value="20000"/>
</bean>
<bean id="emp" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Employee" autowire="byName">
<property name="eid" value="E-111"/>
<property name="ename" value="Durga"/>

</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee emp=(Employee)context.getBean("emp");
emp.getEmpDetails();
}
}

If we want to provide example for "constructor" autowiring then we have to use the
following components in the above example

Example:
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Address.java
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package com.durgasoft.beans;

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public class Address {

private String hno;
private String street;
private String city;
private String state;

setXXX()
getXXX()

Account.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Account {
private String accNo;
private String accName;
private String accType;
private long balance;

setXXX()
getXXX()
}

Employee.java

public class Employee {

private String eid;
private String ename;
private Address eaddr;
private Account eacc;
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public Employee(String eid, String ename, Address eaddr, Account eacc ){

this.eid=eid;
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this.ename=ename;

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this.eaddr=eaddr;
this.eacc=eacc;
}
public void getEmpDetails(){
System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eid);
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Employee Address Details");
System.out.println("--------------------------");
System.out.println("House Number:"+eaddr.getHno());
System.out.println("Street :"+eaddr.getStreet());
System.out.println("City :"+eaddr.getCity());
System.out.println("State :"+eaddr.getState());
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Employee Account Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
System.out.println("Account NUmber :"+eacc.getAccNo());
System.out.println("Account Name :"+eacc.getAccName());
System.out.println("Account Type :"+eacc.getAccType());
System.out.println("Account Balance:"+eacc.getBalance());
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<beans>
<bean id="eaddr" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Address">
same as above
</bean>
<bean id="eacc" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Account">
same as above
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</bean>
<bean id="emp" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Employee" autowire="constructor">
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<constructor-arg name="eid" value="E-111"/>
<constructor-arg name="ename" value="Durga"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee emp=(Employee)context.getBean("emp");
emp.getEmpDetails();
}
}

Note: If we want to block any bean object in autowiring then we have to use "autowire-
candidate" attribute with "false" value in <bean> tag in beans configuration file.

EX:

<beans>
<bean id="scourse" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Course"
autowire-candidate="false">
----
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student" autowire="byType">
----
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</bean>
</beans>
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Annotations for Autowiring:

To implement Autowiring in Spring applications with out providing autowiring

configuration in spring configuration file , we have to use the following annotations
provided by spring framework.

1.@Required
2.@Autowired
3.@Qualifier

1.@Required

This annotation will make IOC Container to inject a particular bean object in another
bean object is mandatory. We have to use this annotation at method level, that is, just
before setXXX() method. After providing this annotation, if we are not providing the
respectiove bean injection then IOC Container will rise an exception .

2.@Autowired

This annotation is able to represent autowiring in bean classes, it will be used at

method level, field level and local variables level in constructor dependency injection.

Note: If we provide "required" argument with "false" value in @Autowired annotation

then it is not required to use @Required annotationi.

Note: This annotation is following "byType" autowiring internally in spring

applications, If we want to use this annotation then we must have only one bean
configuration withh the respective type in configuration file, if we have more than one
bean configuration with the same type then IOC Container will rise an exception.

3.@Qualifier

In the case of "byType" autowiring mode, that is, in the case of @Autowired annotation
138

configuration file must provide only one bean configuration with the respective type, if
we provide more than one bean configuration with the same type then IOC Container
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will rise an exception. In this context, to resolve the ambiguity of beans injection we

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have to use "@Qualifier" annotation, it will be used to specify a particular bean object
among the multiple beans of the same type for injection.
EX: @Qualifier("bean_Identity")

Example:

Student.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Required;

public class Student {

private String sid;
private String sname;
private Course scourse;

public String getSid() {

return sid;
}
public void setSid(String sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}

public Course getScourse() {

139

return scourse;
}
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@Autowired(required=true)

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//@Required
@Qualifier("adv_Java")
public void setScourse(Course scourse) {
this.scourse = scourse;
}
public void getStudentDetails(){
System.out.println("Student Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Student Id :"+sid);
System.out.println("Student Name :"+sname);
System.out.println("Course Details");
System.out.println("----------------");
System.out.println("Course Id :"+scourse.getCid());
System.out.println("Course Name :"+scourse.getCname());
System.out.println("Course Cost :"+scourse.getCcost());
}
}
Course.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Course {
private String cid;
private String cname;
private int ccost;

setXXX()
getXXX()
}
applicationContext.xml

<beans ------ >

<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="core_Java" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Course">
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<property name="cid" value="C-111"/>

<property name="cname" value="Core Java"/>
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<property name="ccost" value="10000"/>

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</bean>
<bean id="adv_Java" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Course">
<property name="cid" value="C-111"/>
<property name="cname" value="Adv Java"/>
<property name="ccost" value="20000"/>
</bean>
<bean id="std" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student" >
<property name="sid" value="S-111"/>
<property name="sname" value="Durga"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student std=(Student)context.getBean("std");
std.getStudentDetails();
}
}

If we want to use @Autowired annotation for constructor dependency injection then

we have to use @Autowired annotation just above of the respective constructor and we
have to use @Qualifier annotation along with with the Bean parameter in constructor.

Example:
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Student.java
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package com.durgasoft.beans;

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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Required;

public class Student {

private String sid;
private String sname;
private Course scourse;

@Autowired
public Student(String sid, String sname,
@Qualifier("adv_Java")Course scourse){
this.sid=sid;
this.sname=sname;
this.scourse=scourse;
}
public void getStudentDetails(){
System.out.println("Student Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Student Id :"+sid);
System.out.println("Student Name :"+sname);
System.out.println("Course Details");
System.out.println("----------------");
System.out.println("Course Id :"+scourse.getCid());
System.out.println("Course Name :"+scourse.getCname());
System.out.println("Course Cost :"+scourse.getCcost());
}
}

Course.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
142

public class Course {

private String cid;
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private String cname;

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private int ccost;

setXXX()
getXXX()
}

applicationContext.xml

Test.java

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context=new
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ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

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Student std=(Student)context.getBean("std");
std.getStudentDetails();
}
}

3.Auto-Discovery[Stereo Types]

This mechanism will provide the autowiring beans objects with out using <bean>
configuration in configuration file.

To use this mechanism in Spring applications then we have to use the following
annotations provided by spring framework in the package
"org.springframework.stereotype"

1.@Component: It will represent a component which is recognized by Spring

Container.
2.@Repository: It will represent a class as Model Driven , that is, DAO.
3.@Service : It will represent a class as Service class.
4.@Controller: It will represent a class as Controller class, it will be used in Spring
WEB-MVC Module.

Note: If we want to use these annotations in Spring applications then we must provide
the following tag in spring configuration file.

<context:component-scan base-package="---"/>
EX:
---
<context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.service"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.dao"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.controller"/>

If we provide the above tag in spring configuration file then IOC Container will scan the
specified packages and recognize the classes which are annotated with @Component,
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@Repository, @Service and @Controller then Container will create bean objects with
out checking beans configurations in configuration file.
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Example:

AccountDao.java
----------------
package com.durgasoft.dao;

import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

public interface AccountDao {

public String create(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int balance);
public String search(String accNo);
public Account getAccount(String accNo);
public String update(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int balance);
public String delete(String accNo);
}

AccountDaoImpl.java
--------------------
package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

import oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource;

//@Repository("accDao")
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@Component("accDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
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String status = "";

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@Autowired(required=true)
private OracleDataSource dataSource;

@Override
public String create(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int balance) {
try {

Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();

PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from
account where accNo=?");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
if(b == true) {
status="existed";
}else {
pst = con.prepareStatement("insert into account
values(?,?,?,?)");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
pst.setString(2, accName);
pst.setString(3, accType);
pst.setInt(4, balance);
pst.executeUpdate();
status="success";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

@Override
146

public String search(String accNo) {

try {
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Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();

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PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from
account where accNo = ?");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
if(b == true) {
status =
"[ACCNO:"+rs.getString("ACCNO")+",ACCNAME:"+rs.getString("ACCNAME")+",ACCTYP
E:"+rs.getString("ACCTYPE")+",BALANCE:"+rs.getInt("BALANCE")+"]";
}else {
status = "Account Not Existed";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

@Override
public Account getAccount(String accNo) {
Account acc = null;
try {
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from
account where accNO = ?");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
if(b == true) {
acc = new Account();
acc.setAccNo(rs.getString("ACCNO"));
acc.setAccName(rs.getString("ACCNAME"));
acc.setAccType(rs.getString("ACCTYPE"));
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acc.setBalance(rs.getInt("BALANCE"));
}else {
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acc = null;

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}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return acc;
}
@Override
public String update(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int balance) {
try {
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("update account set
ACCNAME = ?, ACCTYPE = ?, BALANCE = ? where ACCNO = ?");
pst.setString(1, accName);
pst.setString(2, accType);
pst.setInt(3, balance);
pst.setString(4, accNo);
pst.executeUpdate();
status = "success";
} catch (Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

boolean b = rs.next();
if(b == true) {
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pst = con.prepareStatement("delete from account where accNo
= ?");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
pst.executeUpdate();
status = "success";
}else {
status = "notexisted";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

AccountService.java
--------------------
package com.durgasoft.service;

import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

public interface AccountService {

public String createAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int
balance);
public String searchAccount(String accNo);
public Account getAccount(String accNo);
public String updateAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int
balance);
public String deleteAcount(String accNo);
}
149

AccountServiceImpl.java
-----------------------
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package com.durgasoft.service;

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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.durgasoft.dao.AccountDao;
import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

@Service("accService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

@Autowired(required=true)
private AccountDao dao;
@Override
public String createAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int
balance) {

return dao.create(accNo, accName, accType, balance);

}

@Override
public String searchAccount(String accNo) {

return dao.search(accNo);
}

@Override
public Account getAccount(String accNo) {

return dao.getAccount(accNo);
}
@Override
public String updateAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int
balance) {
150

return dao.update(accNo, accName, accType, balance);

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@Override
public String deleteAcount(String accNo) {

return dao.delete(accNo);
}

Account.java
-------------
package com.durgasoft.dto;

public class Account {

private String accNo;
private String accName;
private String accType;
private int balance;

public String getAccNo() {

return accNo;
}
public void setAccNo(String accNo) {
this.accNo = accNo;
}
public String getAccName() {
return accName;
}
public void setAccName(String accName) {
this.accName = accName;
}
public String getAccType() {
return accType;
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}
public void setAccType(String accType) {
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this.accType = accType;

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}
public int getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void setBalance(int balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}

applicationContext.xml
------------------------
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.service"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.dao"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource">
<property name="URL" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
<property name="user" value="system"/>
<property name="password" value="durga"/>
</bean>

</beans>

Test.java
152

package com.durgasoft.test;
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import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.dao.AccountDao;
import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;
import com.durgasoft.service.AccountService;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountService accService =
(AccountService)context.getBean("accService");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));

while(true) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Account Operations Menu");
System.out.println("1.Create Account");
System.out.println("2.Search Account");
System.out.println("3.Update Account");
System.out.println("4.Delete Account");
System.out.println("5.Exit");
System.out.print("Your Option :");
int option = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
String status = "";
String accNo = "", accName = "", accType = "";
int balance = 0;
153

switch(option) {
case 1:
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System.out.print("Account Number :");

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accNo = br.readLine();
System.out.print("Account Name :");
accName = br.readLine();
System.out.print("Account Type :");
accType = br.readLine();
System.out.print("Balance :");
balance = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());

status = accService.createAccount(accNo, accName, accType,

balance);
if(status.equals("success")) {
System.out.println("Account Created Successfully");
}
if(status.equals("failure")){
System.out.println("Account Creation Failure");
}
if(status.equals("existed")) {
System.out.println("Account Existed Already");
}
break;
case 2:
System.out.print("Account Number :");
accNo = br.readLine();
status = accService.searchAccount(accNo);
System.out.println("Account Details :"+status);
break;
case 3:
System.out.print("Account Number :");
accNo = br.readLine();
Account acc = accService.getAccount(accNo);
if(acc == null) {
System.out.println("Status :Account Not Existed");
}else {
154

Account acc_New = new Account();

acc_New.setAccNo(accNo);
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System.out.print("Account Name : Old Value
:"+acc.getAccName()+" New Value :");
String accName_New = br.readLine();
if(accName_New == null || accName_New.equals("")) {
acc_New.setAccName(acc.getAccName());
}else {
acc_New.setAccName(accName_New);
}

System.out.print("Account Type : Old Value

:"+acc.getAccType()+" New Value :");
String accType_New = br.readLine();
if(accType_New == null || accType_New.equals("")) {
acc_New.setAccType(acc.getAccType());
}else {
acc_New.setAccType(accType_New);
}

System.out.print("Account Balance : Old Value

:"+acc.getBalance()+" New Value :");
String bal = br.readLine();
if(bal == null || bal.equals("")) {
acc_New.setBalance(acc.getBalance());
}else {
int balance_New = Integer.parseInt(bal);
acc_New.setBalance(balance_New);
}
status = accService.updateAccount(acc_New.getAccNo(),
acc_New.getAccName(), acc_New.getAccType(), acc_New.getBalance());
if(status.equals("success")) {
System.out.println("Account Updated
Successfully");
}
155

if(status.equals("failure")) {
System.out.println("Account Updation Failure");
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}
break;
case 4:
System.out.print("Account Number :");
accNo = br.readLine();
status = accService.deleteAcount(accNo);
if(status.equals("success")) {
System.out.println("Account Deleted Successfully");
}
if(status.equals("failure")) {
System.out.println("Account Deletion Failure");
}
if(status.equals("notexisted")) {
System.out.println("Account Not Existed");
}
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("***** ThankQ for Using Account
Operations App*****");
System.exit(0);
break;
default:
System.out.println("Enter Number from 1,2,3,4 and 5");
break;
}

}
}
}

4.Java Based Autowiring

AccountDao.java
156

----------------
package com.durgasoft.dao;
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import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

public interface AccountDao {

AccountDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

import oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource;

//@Repository("accDao")
@Component("accDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
String status = "";
@Autowired(required=true)
private OracleDataSource dataSource;
157

@Override
public String create(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int balance) {
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try {

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Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();

@Override
public String search(String accNo) {
try {
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from
account where accNo = ?");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
158

ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
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if(b == true) {

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status =
"[ACCNO:"+rs.getString("ACCNO")+",ACCNAME:"+rs.getString("ACCNAME")+",ACCTYP
E:"+rs.getString("ACCTYPE")+",BALANCE:"+rs.getInt("BALANCE")+"]";
}else {
status = "Account Not Existed";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

}
return acc;
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@Override
public String update(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int balance) {
try {
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("update account set
ACCNAME = ?, ACCTYPE = ?, BALANCE = ? where ACCNO = ?");
pst.setString(1, accName);
pst.setString(2, accType);
pst.setInt(3, balance);
pst.setString(4, accNo);
pst.executeUpdate();
status = "success";
} catch (Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

@Override
public String delete(String accNo) {
try {
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from
account where accNO = ?");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
if(b == true) {
pst = con.prepareStatement("delete from account where accNo
= ?");
pst.setString(1, accNo);
pst.executeUpdate();
160

status = "success";
}else {
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status = "notexisted";

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}
} catch (Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

AccountService.java

package com.durgasoft.service;

import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

public interface AccountService {

AccountServoceImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.service;

import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

public interface AccountService {

161

public String createAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int

balance);
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public String searchAccount(String accNo);

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public Account getAccount(String accNo);
public String updateAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int
balance);
public String deleteAcount(String accNo);
}

AccountServiceImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.durgasoft.dao.AccountDao;
import com.durgasoft.dto.Account;

@Service("accService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

@Autowired(required=true)
private AccountDao dao;
@Override
public String createAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int
balance) {

return dao.create(accNo, accName, accType, balance);

}

@Override
public String searchAccount(String accNo) {

return dao.search(accNo);
}
162

@Override
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public Account getAccount(String accNo) {

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return dao.getAccount(accNo);
}
@Override
public String updateAccount(String accNo, String accName, String accType, int
balance) {

return dao.update(accNo, accName, accType, balance);

}

@Override
public String deleteAcount(String accNo) {

return dao.delete(accNo);
}

Account.java

package com.durgasoft.dto;

public class Account {

private String accNo;
private String accName;
private String accType;
private int balance;

public String getAccNo() {

return accNo;
}
public void setAccNo(String accNo) {
this.accNo = accNo;
163

}
public String getAccName() {
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return accName;

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}
public void setAccName(String accName) {
this.accName = accName;
}
public String getAccType() {
return accType;
}
public void setAccType(String accType) {
this.accType = accType;
}
public int getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void setBalance(int balance) {
this.balance = balance;
}

AccountConfig.java

package com.durgasoft.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.durgasoft.dao.AccountDao;
import com.durgasoft.dao.AccountDaoImpl;
import com.durgasoft.service.AccountService;
import com.durgasoft.service.AccountServiceImpl;

import oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource;
164

@Configuration
Page

public class AccountConfig {

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@Bean
public OracleDataSource dataSource() {
OracleDataSource dataSource = null;
try {
dataSource = new OracleDataSource();
dataSource.setURL("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe");
dataSource.setUser("system");
dataSource.setPassword("durga");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return dataSource;
}

@Bean
public AccountService accService() {
AccountService accService = new AccountServiceImpl();
return accService;
}

@Bean
public AccountDao dao() {
AccountDao dao = new AccountDaoImpl();
return dao;
}
}

Drawbacks with Autowiring:

1.Autowiring is less exact than normal wiring.

2.Autowiring will not provide configuration metadata to the documentation tools to
prepare Documentations.
3.Autowiring will increase confision when we have more than one bean object of the
165

same type in IOC Container.

4.In Spring applications, if we provide both explicit wiring and autowiring both at a
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time to a bean object injection then explicit wiring overrides autowiring configurations.

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5.In Spring configuration files, Explicit wiring will improve readability when compared
with autowiring.
6.In Spring applications, if we have more and more no of bean objects to inject there it
is suggestible to use explicit wiring when compared with autowiring.
7.Autowiring is applicable for only bean objects injection, it is not applicable for simple
values injection like primitive values, string values,....

Method Injection

In Spring applications, bydefault, all the objects are singleton objects provided by IOC
Container[ApplicationContext] . In Spring application , as part of dependency injection
both container object and contained object are having same scope then application may
not get any problem, if container object and contained objects are having different
scopes then application may get problem.
EX: In Spring applications, if we inject Course object in Student Object , where if
provide Singleton scope to Student object and Prototype scope to Course object then
For every request for Student object single Student Object is created , along with single
student object single Course object is created with out checking its scope "prototype"
which we provided in spring configuration file, it is voilating spring scopes rules and
regulations.

Student.java

public class Student{

-----
private Course scounrse;
-----
setXXX()
getXXX()
}
Course.java
------------
public class Course{
166

-----
}
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spring_beans_config.xml

Test.java

public class Test{

public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context=new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext("/com/
durgasoft/cfgs/spring_beans_config.xml");
Student std1=(Student)context.getBean("std");
Student std2=(Student)context.getBean("std");
System.out.println(std1);// a111
System.out.println(std2);// a111
System.out.println(std1.getScourse());// b111
System.out.println(std2.getScourse());// b111
}
}

To overcome the above problem Spring has provided no of solutions, where one of the
solution is "Method Injection".

In Spring Framework, Method injection is available in two forms.

1.Lookup Method Injection

167

2.Arbitrary Method Replacement

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1.Lookup Method Injection

In case of Look Method injection, we will declare an abstract class as a factory class and
an abstract method as a factory method then we will give an intemation to IOC
Container about to generate a sub class for the abstract class and an implementation
for the abstract method dynamically.
In this context, IOC Container will prepare dynamic sub classes for abstract factory
class and return that objects to the test application as per the requirement.

In Spring Framework, IOC Container will provide dynamic sub classes by using CGLIb
third party library which is managed by Spring framework internally.

To give an intimation to the IOC Container about the sub classes generation and
implementation for Factory method by providing configuration details in spring
configuration file.

To achieve the above requirement, we have to use "<lookup-method>" in beans

configuration.

Example:

Account.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public interface Account {

public void create();
public void search();
public void update();
public void delete();
}

CurrentAccount.java
168

package com.durgasoft.beans;
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public class CurrentAccount implements Account {

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public void create() {
System.out.println("Current Account is Created");
}
public void search() {
System.out.println("Current Account is Identified");
}
public void update() {
System.out.println("Current Account is Updated");
}
public void delete() {
System.out.println("Current Account is Deleted");
}
}

SavingsAccount.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class SavingsAccount implements Account {
public void create() {
System.out.println("Savings Account is created");
}
public void search() {
System.out.println("Savings Account is identified");
}
public void update() {
System.out.println("Savings Account is Updated");
}
public void delete() {
System.out.println("Savings Account is Deleted");
}
}

AccountFactory.java
169

package com.durgasoft.factory;
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import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;

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public abstract class AccountFactory {
public abstract Account getAccount();
}
spring_beans_config.xml

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.CurrentAccount;
import com.durgasoft.beans.SavingsAccount;
import com.durgasoft.factory.AccountFactory;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/com/durgasoft/cfgs/spring_beans_config.xml");
AccountFactory
savingsAccountFactory=(AccountFactory)context.getBean("savingsAccountFactory");
SavingsAccount
savings_Account=(SavingsAccount)savingsAccountFactory.getAccount();
170

savings_Account.create();
savings_Account.search();
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savings_Account.update();

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savings_Account.delete();
System.out.println();

AccountFactory
currentAccountFactory=(AccountFactory)context.getBean("currentAccountFactory");
CurrentAccount
current_Account=(CurrentAccount)currentAccountFactory.getAccount();
current_Account.create();
current_Account.search();
current_Account.update();
current_Account.delete();
}
}

Method Replacement:

It is one type of method injection, where we will give an intimation to IOC Container
about to replace the existed method implementation with some other method
implementation.

To achieve Method Replacement, we have to declare an user defined bean class with a
method whose implementation we want to replace and we will provide new
implementation for that method by declaring a class and by implementing
"MethodReplacer" interface.

MethodReplacer interface contains reimplement(-----) method, here we must provide

our new implementation in reimplement() method.

Example:

Course.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
171

public class Course {

private String cid;
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private String cname;

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private int ccost;
setXXX()
getXXX()
public void getCourseDetails(){
System.out.println("Course Details");
System.out.println("-----------------");
System.out.println("Course Id :"+cid);
System.out.println("Course Name :"+cname);
System.out.println("Course Cost :"+ccost);
}
}

NewImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MethodReplacer;
public class NewImpl implements MethodReplacer {
public Object reimplement(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2) throws Throwable
{
System.out.println("Course Details");
System.out.println("-----------------");
System.out.println("Course Id :C-222");
System.out.println("Course Name :.NET");
System.out.println("Course Cost :20000");
return null;
}
}

spring_beans_config.xml

<beans>
<bean id="newImpl" class="com.durgasoft.beans.NewImpl"/>
172

<bean id="course" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Course">

<property name="cid" value="C-111"/>
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<property name="cname" value="Java"/>

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<property name="ccost" value="10000"/>
<replaced-method name="getCourseDetails" replacer="newImpl"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Course;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/com/durgasoft/cfgs/spring_beans_config.xml");
Course crs=(Course)context.getBean("course");
crs.getCourseDetails();
}
}

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Bean Validations in spring
The process of checking data validity before using data in applications is called as Data
Validations.

In Web Applications, there are two types of data validations.

1.Client Side Data Validations
2.Server Side Data Validations

1.Client Side Data Validations: The process of checking whether data is valid or not at
client browser before submitting request to the Server is called as Client Side Data Data
Validations. To perform client side data validations we will use "Java Script" Functions.

2.Server Side Data Validations: The process of checking whether data is valid or not
at server after getting request from client and before using data in application logic is
called as Server side data validations. To perform Server side data validations we have
to use Java code explicitly.

Note: If we use web Frameworks like Struts, JSF , SPring WEB MVC module then all
these frameworks are able to provide their own validations services implicitly to
perform data validations.

In Spring Core Module, to perform validations over the data after storing data in Bean
objects Spring Framework has provided a predefined interface in the form of
"org.springframework.validation.Validator" .

To perform bean validations in Spring applications then we have to use the following
steps.

1.Prepare a properties file with all validation messages:

Declare validation messages in the form of key-value pairs, where keys must be
validation message code and value must be validation message.
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EX: abc.properties

error.uname= User Name is required.

error.password=User Password is required.

2.Prepare Validator class:

The main intention of Validator class is to define all data validation logic w.r.t the bean
properties.

Steps:

a)Declare an user defined class.

b)Implement org.springframework.validation.Validator interface.
c)Implement the following Validator interface provided methods.
public boolean supports(Class type)
public void validate(Object obj, Errors errors)
Where supports(--) method will check whether the Bean object is supporting data
validations or not.
Where validate(---) is able to include data validation logic inorder to perform data
validations.
Where "Errors" is able to include all validation messages in the form of Map object
inorder to display. To add an error message to Errors object we have to use
"rejectValue(----)" method.

d)Declare Resource property and its setXXX() method inorder to repersent the name
and location of the properties file where all the validation messages are existed.

3)Configure Validator class in spring configuration file:

In spring configuration file, we have to configure Validator class as a bean with

Resource property.
175

4)In test application get all validation messages from MapBindingResults

object[Errors] by using getAllErrors() method.
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Example:

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Employee {
private String eid;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private int eage;
private String eemail;
private String emobile;

setXXX() and getXXX()

public void getEmpDetails(){

System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("-----------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eid);
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+esal);
System.out.println("Employee Email :"+eemail);
System.out.println("Employee Mobile :"+emobile);
}

messages.properties

error.eid.empty=Employee Id is required.
error.eid.invalid=Invalid Employee Id.

error.ename.empty=Employee Name is required.

176

error.esal.invalid=Employee Salary is Invalid.

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error.eage.minage=Employee Age must not be less than 18 years.
error.eage.maxage=Employee Age must not be greater than 30 years.

error.eemail.empty=Employee Email Id is required.

error.eemail.invalid=Employee Email Id is Invalid.

error.emobile.empty=Employee Mobile is required.

error.emobile.invalid=Employee Mobile is Invalid.

EmployeeValidator.java

package com.durgasoft.validations;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderUtils;
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;

public class EmployeeValidator implements Validator{

private Resource resource;
public void setResource(Resource resource){
this.resource=resource;
}

@Override
public boolean supports(Class type) {
System.out.println("Hello");
return Employee.class.equals(type);
}

@Override
177

public void validate(Object obj, Errors errors) {

try {
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System.out.println("Hello...validate()");

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Properties prop = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
Employee emp=(Employee)obj;
if(emp.getEid() == null || emp.getEid() == ""){
errors.rejectValue("eid", "error.eid.empty", prop.getProperty("error.eid.empty"));
}else{
if(!emp.getEid().startsWith("DSS-")){
errors.rejectValue("eid", "error.eid.invalid", prop.getProperty("error.eid.invalid"));
}
}
if(emp.getEname() == null || emp.getEname() == ""){
errors.rejectValue("ename", "error.ename.empty",
prop.getProperty("error.ename.empty"));
}
if(emp.getEsal() <= 0.0f ){
errors.rejectValue("esal","error.esal.invalid", prop.getProperty("error.esal.invalid")); }
if(emp.getEage() < 18 ){
errors.rejectValue("eage", "error.eage.minage",
prop.getProperty("error.eage.minage")); }else if(emp.getEage() > 30
){errors.rejectValue("eage", "error.eage.maxage",
prop.getProperty("error.eage.maxage"));
}
if(emp.getEemail() == null || emp.getEemail() == ""){
errors.rejectValue("eemail","error.eemail.empty",prop.getProperty("error.eemail.empt
y"));
}else{
if(!emp.getEemail().endsWith("@durgasoft.com")){
errors.rejectValue("eemail", "error.eemail.invalid",
prop.getProperty("error.eemail.invalid"));
}
}
if(emp.getEmobile() == null || emp.getEmobile() == ""){
errors.rejectValue("emobile", "error.emobile.empty",
prop.getProperty("error.emobile.empty"));
178

}else{
if(!emp.getEmobile().startsWith("91-")){
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errors.rejectValue("emobile", "error.emobile.invalid",
prop.getProperty("error.emobile.invalid"));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

applicationContext.xml

Test.java0

package com.durgasoft.test;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.validations.EmployeeValidator;
179

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Map;

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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.validation.MapBindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee emp=(Employee)context.getBean("emp");
emp.getEmpDetails();
EmployeeValidator empValidator =
(EmployeeValidator)context.getBean("empValidator");
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
MapBindingResult results = new MapBindingResult(map,
"com.durgasoft.beans.Employee");
empValidator.validate(emp, results);
List<ObjectError> list = results.getAllErrors();
for(ObjectError e: list){
System.out.println(e.getDefaultMessage());
}
}
}

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Event Handling
In general, in GUI Applications, when we click on a button, when select an item in check
boxes, radio buttons, List boxes, choice boxes ... automatically an event will be rised,
where the generated event will not be handled by the respective GUI components,
where the generated events are handled by some component internally called as
"Listeners"[Handlers]

In Event Handling, the main intention of Listeners is to listen the events rised by the
GUI Components, handle that events and generating results back to the GUI
Applications.

Similarily, in spring applications, IOC Container is able to rise events when it was
started, refreshed, stopped and closed. In this context, to handle the generated events
Spring Framework has provided "Event Handling".

In Spring Framework, Event Handling capability is available with Application Context

only, not with BeanFactory. In Spring Framework Event Handling all events are
represented in the form of predefined classes in
"org.springframework.context.event" package like below.

1.ContextRefreshedEvent
2.ContextStartedEvent
3.ContextStoppedEvent
4.ContextClosedEvent
5.RequestHandledEvent

Where ContextRefreshedEvent will be rised when we start ApplicationContext or when

we access "refresh()" method on ApplicationContext.

Where ContextStartedEvent will be rised when we access "start()" method on

ApplicationContext.
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Where ContextStoppedEvent will be rised when we access "stop()" method on

ApplicationContext.
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Where ContextClosedEvent will be rised when we access "close()" method on

ApplicationContext.

Where RequestHandledEvent will be rised in web applications when request is handled

in Spring web applications.

To Handle all the above Events, Spring Framework has provided a Listener in the form
of "org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener" interface and it is having the
following to execute when the respective event is rised.

public void onApplicationEvent(XXXEvent e)

Note: ApplicationListener is able to listen all the events bydefault, if we want to filter
the events then we have to provide the respective Event type as Generic parameter.
EX: ApplicationListener<ContextStartedEvent> is able to listen only
ContextStartedEvent .

In Spring applications, if we want to implement event handling then we have to use the
following steps.

1.Create implementation classes for ApplicationListener interface and provide

implementation for onApplicationEvent(--) method.
2.Configure all implementation classes as bean components in spring configuration
file.

Note: To perform Event Handling in spring applications we have to use

"org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext" container , it is a chaild
interface to ApplicationContext interface.

Example:

ContextRefreshedListenerImpl.java
182

package com.durgasoft.listeners;
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent;

public class ContextRefreshedListenerImpl implements

ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent>{

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent e) {
System.out.println("Application Context is Refreshed");
}

ContextStartedListenerImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.listeners;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.context.event.ContextStartedEvent;

public class ContextStartedListenerImpl implements

ApplicationListener<ContextStartedEvent>{

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextStartedEvent e) {
System.out.println("Application Context Started....");
}
}

ContextStoppedListenerImpl.java
183

package com.durgasoft.listeners;
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import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

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import org.springframework.context.event.ContextStoppedEvent;

public class ContextStoppedListenerImpl implements

ApplicationListener<ContextStoppedEvent>{

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextStoppedEvent e) {
System.out.println("Application Context Stopped");
}

ContextClosedListenerImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.listeners;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.context.event.ContextClosedEvent;

public class ContextClosedListenerImpl implements

ApplicationListener<ContextClosedEvent>{

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextClosedEvent e) {
System.out.println("Application Context has Closed");
}

HelloBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
184

public class HelloBean {

private String uname;
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public String getUname() {
return uname;
}

public void setUname(String uname) {

this.uname = uname;
}
public String wish(){
return "Hello "+uname+"!";
}
}

applicationContext.xml

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import com.durgasoft.beans.HelloBean;
185

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
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import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

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public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloBean hello=(HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(hello.wish());
context.start();
context.refresh();
context.stop();
context.close();
}
}

Custom Events in Spring Applications:

Custom Events are user defined events which are defined by the developers as per
their application requirements.

To manage custom Events in Spring applications we have to use the following steps.

1.Create User defined Event class

2.Create User defined event Publisher class
3.Create Event Handler class
4.Configure Event Publisher class and Event Handler class in spring configuration
file.
5.Create Bean components as per the appl requirements and publish events
6.Create Test application and Execute Test application.

1.Create User Event Class:

a)Declare an user defined class.

b)Extend org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent abstract class to user
186

defined class.
c)Declare public and Object parameterized Constructor and access super class Object
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parameterized constructor by using "super" keyword.

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d)Define other methods as per the requirment in Event class.

2.Create User defined event Publisher class

The main intention of event publisher class is to publish the user defined event inorder
to handle.

Steps:

a)Declare an user defined class.

b)Implement org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware
interface in event class.
c)Provide implementation for setApplicationEventPublisher(--) method inorder to
inject ApplicationEventPublisher object.
Note: The main intention to implement ApplicationEventPublisherAware interface is to
inject ApplicationEventPublisher object only.
d)Define a method to publish an event by using the following method from
ApplicationEventPublisher .
public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent ae)

3.Create User defined Event Handler Class:

The main intention of User defined Event Handler class is to handle the user defined
Events.

Steps:

a)Create an User defined class

b)Implement org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener interface.
c)Implement onApplicationEvent(--) Method in user defined class with an application
logic.
Note: onApplicationEvent(--) method is able to take the parameter which is specified as
generic type to ApplicationListener interface.
187

Note: By default, Listeners are able to handle all the Listeners, but, if we want to filter
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the Listeners then we have to use Generic type to ApplicationListener.

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Note: In Spring Event Handling, bydefault, ApplicationContext is able to handle the
events synchronously, but, if we want to handle the events Asynchronously then we
have to use ApplicationEventMustcaster interface.

Note:Spring4.2 version has provided very good annotations support for Event
Handling in the form of the following Annotations.
1)@EventListener({Event1.class,Event2.class...})
Where Event1.class, Event2.class,... are Event class types wich we want to process.
EX:@EventListener({ContextRefreshedEvent.class,ContextStoppedEvent.class})
2)@Async() : It will be used to prcess events asynchronously.

4)Prepare Bean components and publish events:

In the application, as per the requirement we are able to publish the events by using
publishEvent(--) method.

AccountEvent.java
package com.durgasoft.events;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;

public class AccountEvent extends ApplicationEvent{

static FileOutputStream fos;
static{
try {
fos=new FileOutputStream("E:/logs/log.txt", true);

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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private String message;

public AccountEvent(Object obj, String message) {
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super(obj);

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this.message=message;
}

public void generateLog(){

//System.out.println("********"+message+"*******");
try {
message=new Date().toString()+":"+message;
message=message+"\n";
byte[] b=message.getBytes();
fos.write(b);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}

AccountEventPublisher.java

package com.durgasoft.events;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;

public class AccountEventPublisher implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware{

private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
@Override
public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher publisher) {
this.publisher=publisher;
}
public void publish(String message){
AccountEvent ae=new AccountEvent(this, message);
publisher.publishEvent(ae);
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}
}
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AccountEventHandler.java

package com.durgasoft.events;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;

public class AccountEventHandler implements ApplicationListener<AccountEvent> {

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(AccountEvent e) {
e.generateLog();
}

Account.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

import com.durgasoft.events.AccountEventPublisher;

public class Account {

private AccountEventPublisher publisher;
public void setPublisher(AccountEventPublisher publisher){
this.publisher=publisher;
}
public void createAccount(){
System.out.println("Account Created");
publisher.publish("AccountCreated");
}
public void searchAccount(){
System.out.println("Account Identified");
publisher.publish("AccountIdentified");
190

}
public void updateAccount(){
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System.out.println("Account Updated");

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publisher.publish("AccountUpdated");
}
public void deleteAccount(){
System.out.println("Account Deleted");
publisher.publish("AccountDeleted");
}
}

applicationContext.xml
<beans>
<bean id="account" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Account">
<property name="publisher" ref="accountEventPublisher"/>
</bean>
<bean id="accountEventHandler"
class="com.durgasoft.events.AccountEventHandler"/>
<bean id="accountEventPublisher"
class="com.durgasoft.events.AccountEventPublisher"/>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Account account=(Account)context.getBean("account");
account.createAccount();
account.searchAccount();
account.updateAccount();
191

account.deleteAccount();
}
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Internationalization in SPRING
Designing java applications w.r.t Local Users is called as Internationalization.

To provide Internationalization services to the users, first, we have to devide all the
users into groups as per locality, for this, we have to use the following parameters.

1.language: It able to represent two lower case letters.

EX: en, it, hi, .....

2.country: It will be represented in the form of two Upper case letters.

EX: US, IN, IT,......

3.System Varient[OS]: It will be represented in the form of three lower case letters.
EX: win, uni, lin,.....

In java applications, to represent a group of local users JAVA has provided a predefined
class in the form of "java.util.Locale".

To create Locale class object we have to use the following Constructors.

public Locale(String lang)

public Locale(String lang, String country)
public Locale(String lang, String country, String sys_Varient)

EX:

Locale l1=new Locale("en");

Locale l2=new Locale("en", "US");
Locale l3=new Locale("en", "US", "win");

In Java applications, we are able to provide the following services as part of

Internationalization.
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1.Number Formations
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2.Date Formations
3.Message Formations

1. Number Formations:

It can be used to represent a number w.r.t a particular Locale. It will use

java.text.NumberFormat class to represent a number.

Steps:

a)Create Locale object.

b)Create NumberFormat class object by using getInstance() Factory method.
c)Represent Number as per the Locale by using format(-) method.

2.Date Formations:

It can be used to represent a Date w.r.t a particular Locale, for this, it will use
java.text.DateFormat class.

Steps:

a)Create Locale object.

b)Create DateFormat class object by using getDateInstance(--) Factory method.
c)Represent Date w.r.t the Locale by using format(--) method.

3.Message Formations:

It can be used to represent messages w.r.t a particular Locale, for this, we have to use
properties files and java.util.ResourceBundle class.
Steps:

a)Create properties files with all the messages in the form of key-value pairs.
Note: properties files names must be provided in the followng format.
193

baseName_lang_country.properties
b)Create ResourceBundle object by using getBundle(--) Factory method.
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c)Get Message from ResourceBundle object by using getString(-) method.

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Example:

com/durgasoft/resources/abc_en_US.properties
---------------------------------------------
welcome = Welcome To en US Users.

com/durgasoft/resources/abc_it_IT.properties
---------------------------------------------
welcome = Welcome To it IT Users.

Test.java

package com.durgasoft;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
Locale l = new Locale("it", "IT");

NumberFormat num_Format = NumberFormat.getInstance(l);

System.out.println(num_Format.format(1234567.23456));

DateFormat date_Format = DateFormat.getDateInstance(0, l);

System.out.println(date_Format.format(new Date()));

ResourceBundle resource_Bundle =
ResourceBundle.getBundle("com/durgasoft/resources/abc", l);
System.out.println(resource_Bundle.getString("welcome"));
}
194

}
To provide Message formations in Spring applications, Spring has provided a
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predefined interface in the form of "org.springframework.context.MessageSource" .

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For MessageSource interface Spring Framework has provided the following two
implementation classes.

org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource
org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource

Where ResourceBundleMessageSource is able to get messages from properties files on

the basis of the provided locale.

Where ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource is able to get messages from both

properties files and from XML files.

Steps:

1.Declare properties files with the messages and with the following format for
properties files names.
baseName_lang_Country.properties.

2.Declare a Bean class with MessageSource type property and the respective setter
method and the required business methods.
Note: To get a message from MessageSource object we have to use the following
method.
public String getMessage(String key, Object[] place_holder_values, Locale l)

Where "key" is key of the message defined in properties file.

Where "Object[] " must be provided to provide values to the place holders which we
defined in messages in properties files, if place holders are not existed in messages
then we have to provide "null" value as Object[].
Where Locale is able to repersent the constants like US, FRANCE, IN,... from Locale class
inorder to recognize the properties file.

3.Configure bean class in properties file and inject either

195

ResourceBundleMessageSource or ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource object as

reference in Bean object and provide bease name as property for MessageSource
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object.

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4.In Main class, in main(), get Bean object and access business method.

Example-1:

abc_en_US.properties
---------------------
welcome = Welcome To {0} and {1} User.

abc_fr_FR.properties
---------------------
welcome = Welcome To {0} and {1} Users.

I18NBean.java
--------------
package com.durgasoft.beans;

import java.util.Locale;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;

public class I18NBean {

private MessageSource messageSource;

public void setMessageSource(MessageSource messageSource) {

this.messageSource = messageSource;
}

public void displayMessage(){

System.out.println("Message :"+messageSource.getMessage("welcome", new
Object[]{"fr", "FRANCE"}, Locale.FRANCE));
System.out.println("Message :"+messageSource.getMessage("welcome", new
Object[]{"en", "US"}, Locale.US));

}
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}
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applicationContext.xml

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Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import com.durgasoft.beans.I18NBean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
I18NBean bean = (I18NBean)context.getBean("i18nBean");
bean.displayMessage();
}
}

If we want to take messages from xml file by using

ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource then we have to use define xml files with
the name like baseName_lang_Country.xml and with the following tags to represent
messages.
197

<properties>
<entry key="message_Key"> Message_Value </entry>
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-----

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-----
</properties>

In XML files we must provide the following DTD definition.

<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">

Example:
abc_en_US.xml
--------------
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
<entry key="welcome"> Welcome to en US User from XML </entry>
</properties>

abc_fr_FR.xml
---------------
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
<entry key="welcome"> Welcome to fr France User from XML </entry>
</properties>

spring_beans_config.xml
------------------------
<beans>
<bean id="i18nBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.I18NBean">
<property name="messageSource"
ref="reloadableResourceBundleMessageSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="reloadableResourceBundleMessageSource"
class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSourc
198

e">
<property name="basename" value="com/durgasoft/resources_xml/abc"/>
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</bean>

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</beans>

I18NBean.java
--------------
package com.durgasoft.beans;
import java.util.Locale;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;

public class I18NBean {

private MessageSource messageSource;

public void setMessageSource(MessageSource messageSource) {

this.messageSource = messageSource;
}
public void displayMessage(){
System.out.println("Message :"+messageSource.getMessage("welcome", null,
Locale.FRANCE));
System.out.println("Message :"+messageSource.getMessage("welcome", null,
Locale.US));
}
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import com.durgasoft.beans.I18NBean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context=new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
I18NBean bean = (I18NBean)context.getBean("i18nBean");
199

bean.displayMessage();
}
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Bean Manipulations and Bean Wrappers
In Bean Manipulation, we are able to perform the following actions.
1.Getting Beans Information explicitly like properties and their setXXX() and getXXX()
methods.
2.Creating JavaBean Objects, checking bean property types, copying bean properties,
etc.
3.Accessing fields without standard getters and setters.
4.analyze and manipulate standard JavaBeans like to get and set property values, get
property descriptors, and query the readability/writability of properties and setting of
index properties.

In Java, we are able to get beans descriptions like bean properties information like their
names and the correspecding setXXX() and getXXX() methods information by using
"Beans Introspection".

If we want to get beans data explicitly then we have to java.beans.BeanInfo interface, to

get BeanInfo object then we have to use the following method from
java.beans.Introspector class.

public BeanInfo getBeanInfo(Class bean_class_type)

EX: BeanInfo beanInfo = Interospector.getBeanInfo(MyBean.class);

To get All properties information of the Bean object we have to use

"java.beans.PropertyDescriptor" class. To get all properties description in the form of
PropertyDescriptor objects in an array then we have to use the following method from
BeanInfo .

public PropertyDescriptor[] getPropertyDescriptors()

EX: PropertyDescriptor[] props = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();

Example:
200

package com.durgasoft.core;
public class Employee {
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private int eno;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;

setXXX() and getXXX()

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.core;

import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(Employee.class);
PropertyDescriptor[] property_desc = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
for(PropertyDescriptor p: property_desc){
System.out.println(p);
}
MethodDescriptor[] meths = beanInfo.getMethodDescriptors();
for(MethodDescriptor m: meths){
System.out.println(m.getName());
}
}

In Spring framework, to create beans and to manipulate beans explicitly Spring

201

Framework has provided predefined library in the form of

"org.springframework.beans" .
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In spring "org.springframework.beans" package has provided the following classes and
interfaces to perform manipulations on beans.

BeanInfoFactory: It is an alternative to "Beans Introspection" provided by Spring

Framework, it can be used to get details about the Bean objects like properties details,
events details,.... by using java.beans.BeanInfo object internally . Spring Framework has
provided a seperate predefined implementation class for BeanInfoFactory interface in
the form of "org.springframework.beans.ExtendedBeanInfoFactory" class.

To get BeanInfo object we have to use the following method from BeanInfoFactory
interface.

public BeanInfo getBeanInfo(Class bean_Class_Type)

Note: BeanInfoFactory implementation,

org.springframework.beans.ExtendedBeanInfoFactory, accepts JavaBeans "non-
standard" setter methods as 'writable' which returns some values instead of void.

Example:

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Employee {
private int eno;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;

public int getEno() {

return eno;
}
202

public int setEno(int eno) {

this.eno = eno;
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return eno;

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}

public String getEname() {

return ename;
}

public void setEname(String ename) {

this.ename = ename;
}

public float getEsal() {

return esal;
}

public void setEsal(float esal) {

this.esal = esal;
}

public String getEaddr() {

return eaddr;
}

public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {

this.eaddr = eaddr;
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
203

import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
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import org.springframework.beans.BeanInfoFactory;

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import org.springframework.beans.ExtendedBeanInfoFactory;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
BeanInfoFactory factory = new ExtendedBeanInfoFactory();
BeanInfo bean_Info = factory.getBeanInfo(Employee.class);
System.out.println(bean_Info);
PropertyDescriptor[] props = bean_Info.getPropertyDescriptors();
for(PropertyDescriptor p: props){
System.out.println(p);
}
MethodDescriptor[] meths = beanInfo.getMethodDescriptors();
for(MethodDescriptor m: meths){
System.out.println(m.getName());
}
}

1.BeanWrapper: BeanWrapper provides methods to create Bean objects explicitly , to

analyze and manipulate standard JavaBeans like the ability to get and set property
values, get property descriptors and checks the readability/writability of properties.
BeanWrapper is also supports setting of index properties.

Spring Framework has provided a seperate predefined implementation class for

BeanWrapper in the form of "BeanWrapperImpl".

To set values to the Bean object through Bean Wrapper class we have to use the
following method from BeanWrapper class.

public void setPropertyValue(String prop_Name, Object value)

Note: If we want to set all the properties at a time to Bean object, first, we have to set
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property names and their values in the form of Map object then set that Map object to
BeanWrapper object, for this, we have to use the following method.
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public void setPropertyValues(Map map)

To get property value explicitly from Bean object we have to use the following method
from BeanWrapper class.

public Object getProperty(String name)

To get Bean object explicitly through BenWrapper we have to use the following method
from BeNWrapper.

public Object getWrappedInstance()

To copy the properties values from one Bean object to another Bean object we have to
use the following method from "org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils" class.

public void copyProperties(Object source, Object target)

Where Source object and target objects may be the objects of Same class or different
classes having same property names and same property data types.

To Check whether the property is readable or writable then we have to use the
following methods from BeanWrapper class.

public boolean isReadableProperty(String prop_Name)

public boolean isWritableProperty(String prop_Name)

Example:

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Employee {
private int eno;
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private String ename;

private float esal;
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private String eaddr;

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public int getEno() {
return eno;
}

public void setEno(int eno) {

this.eno = eno;
}

public String getEname() {

return ename;
}

public void setEname(String ename) {

this.ename = ename;
}

public float getEsal() {

return esal;
}

public void setEsal(float esal) {

this.esal = esal;
}

public String getEaddr() {

return eaddr;
}

public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {

this.eaddr = eaddr;
}

public void displayEmpDetails(){

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System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("-------------------");
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System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eno);

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System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+esal);
System.out.println("Employee Address:"+eaddr);

}
}

Test1.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl;

public class Test1 {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(Employee.class);

bw.setPropertyValue("eno", 111);
bw.setPropertyValue("ename", "AAA");
bw.setPropertyValue("esal", 5000.0f);
bw.setPropertyValue("eaddr", "Hyd");

Employee emp = (Employee) bw.getWrappedInstance();

System.out.println(emp);
emp.displayEmpDetails();
System.out.println();

Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

map.put("eno", "222");
map.put("ename", "BBB");
map.put("esal", "6000");
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map.put("eaddr", "Hyd");
bw.setPropertyValues(map);
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System.out.println(emp);

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emp.displayEmpDetails();

System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("--------------------------");
System.out.println("Employee No :"+bw.getPropertyValue("eno"));
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+bw.getPropertyValue("ename"));
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+bw.getPropertyValue("esal"));
System.out.println("Employee Address :"+bw.getPropertyValue("eaddr"));
}
}

Test2.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl;

public class Test2 {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
Employee emp1 = new Employee();
BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(emp1);
bw.setPropertyValue("eno", 111);
bw.setPropertyValue("ename", "AAA");
bw.setPropertyValue("esal", 5000.0f);
bw.setPropertyValue("eaddr", "Hyd");
System.out.println(emp1);
emp1.displayEmpDetails();

Employee emp2 = new Employee();

BeanUtils.copyProperties(emp1, emp2);
System.out.println(emp2);
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emp2.displayEmpDetails();
}
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Property Editors
The main intention of the PropertyEditors is to convert data from text to Object and
from Object to text.

In general, in J2SE, in Java Beans, PropertyEditor was originally designed to be used in

Swing applications. JavaBeans specification defines API to introspect and extract the
bean inner details which can be used to show bean properties visually as components
and edit them by using PropertyEditors in Build Tools.

In Spring Applications, we will provide all values in spring configuration file as text
values , but, Spring framework has to store these text values into the bean objects as
the objects like Byte, Integer, String, Long,....., In this context, to convert data from
textual rep-resentation to the respective objects Spring framework will use a feature
"Property Editors".

To convert data from text form to Objects , Spring Framework has provided the
following Predefined Property Editors.

1.ByteArrayPropertyEditor: Editor for byte arrays. Strings will simply be converted

to their corresponding byte representations.

2.ClassEditor: Parses Strings representing classes to actual classes .

3.CustomBooleanEditor: Customizable property editor for Boolean properties.

4.CustomCollectionEditor: Property editor for Collections, converting any source

Collection to a given target Collection type. Custom Date Editor Customizable property
editor for java.util.Date, supporting a custom Date Format.

5.CustomNumberEditor: Customizable property editor for any Number subclass like

Integer, Long, Float, Double.
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6.FileEditor: Capable of resolving Strings to java.io.File objects.

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7.InputStreamEditor: One-way property editor, capable of taking a text string and
producing (via an intermediate ResourceEditor and Resource) an InputStream, so
InputStream properties may be directly set as Strings.

8.LocaleEditor: Capable of resolving Strings to Locale objects and vice versa (the
String format is [country][variant], which is the same thing the toString() method of
Locale provides).

9.PatternEditor: Capable of resolving Strings to java.util.regex.Pattern objects and vice

versa.

10.PropertiesEditor: Capable of converting Strings (formatted using the format as

defined in the javadocs of the java.util.Properties class) to Properties objects.

11.StringTrimmerEditor: Property editor that trims Strings. Optionally allows

transforming an empty string into a null value.

12.URLEditor: Capable of resolving a String representation of a URL to an actual URL

object.

Spring Framework has provided an approach to provide custom Property Editors, for
this , we have to use the following steps.

1.Create User defined Property Editor class by extending

java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport class.
2.Override setAsText(---) method in user defined Property Editor.
3.Configure org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer in
spring configuration file with the property "customEditors" of Map type with a key-
value pair, where key is the class type for which the property editor is defined and
value is the custom property editor.
4.Prepare Spring application as it is .

Example:
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EmployeeAddress.java
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package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class EmployeeAddress {
private String pno;
private String street;
private String city;
private String country;

public String getPno() {

return pno;
}

public void setPno(String pno) {

this.pno = pno;
}

public String getStreet() {

return street;
}

public void setStreet(String street) {

this.street = street;
}

public String getCity() {

return city;
}

public void setCity(String city) {

this.city = city;
}

public String getCountry() {

return country;
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}
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public void setCountry(String country) {

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this.country = country;
}

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class Employee {
private String eid;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private EmployeeAddress eaddr;

public String getEid() {

return eid;
}

public void setEid(String eid) {

this.eid = eid;
}

public String getEname() {

return ename;
}

public void setEname(String ename) {

this.ename = ename;
}

public float getEsal() {

return esal;
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}
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public void setEsal(float esal) {

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this.esal = esal;
}

public EmployeeAddress getEaddr() {

return eaddr;
}

public void setEaddr(EmployeeAddress eaddr) {

this.eaddr = eaddr;
}

public void getEmpDetails(){

System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Id :"+eid);
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+ename);
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+esal);
System.out.println("Employee Address Details:");
System.out.println("-----------------------------");
System.out.println("PNO :"+eaddr.getPno());
System.out.println("STREET :"+eaddr.getStreet());
System.out.println("CITY :"+eaddr.getCity());
System.out.println("COUNTRY :"+eaddr.getCountry());
}
}

EmployeeAddressEditor.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport;

public class EmployeeAddressEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport{

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@Override
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public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {

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String[] str = text.split("-");
System.out.println(text);
EmployeeAddress eaddr = new EmployeeAddress();
eaddr.setPno(str[0]);
eaddr.setStreet(str[1]);
eaddr.setCity(str[2]);
eaddr.setCountry(str[3]);
super.setValue(eaddr);

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/com/durgasoft/cfgs/spring_beans_config.xml");
Employee emp = (Employee) context.getBean("emp");
emp.getEmpDetails();
}

spring_beans_config.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans>
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<bean id="emp" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Employee">
<property name="eid" value="E-111"/>
<property name="ename" value="Durga"/>
<property name="esal" value="50000"/>
<property name="eaddr" value="23/3rt-M G Road-Hyd-India"/>

</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer">
<property name="customEditors">
<map>
<entry key="com.durgasoft.beans.EmployeeAddress"
value="com.durgasoft.beans.EmployeeAddressEditor"/>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

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PROFILING
In general, in project lifecycle, we have to perform development, testing, production
mainly . At each and every phase of project lifecycle we may use databases, debugging
tools, testing tools, ..... with different configuration details.

In general, in all project lifecycle phases we will provide the required configuration
details manually, it may increase problems to the applications , in this context,
Spring3.x version has provided an automated solution inorder to provide the
corresponding configuration details wrt the lifecycle phases, for this, Spring framework
has provided "Profiling" feature.

Note: IN Project Implementation , we may use database configuration details like

datasource names, connection pool names, JNDI names in Server,......

If we want to implement Profiling in Spring applications then we have to use the

following steps.

1.Create a seperate spring configuration file for each and every phase of the project
lifecyle with the respective configuration details.

EX: spring-context-development.xml
spring-context-testing.xml
spring-context-production.xml

Note: spring configuration XML File format must be <FileName>-phase_Name.xml

2.In all Spring Configuration files we must provide "profile" attribute in <beans> tag
with the respective lifecycle phyase name.

EX: spring-context-development.xml
------------------------------
<beans profile="development">
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------
</beans>
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EX: spring-context-production.xml
------------------------------
<beans profile="production">
------
</beans>

3.Provide project lifecycle phase in System property with the key

"spring.profiles.active" in Main Application.
EX: System.setProperty("spring.profiles.active", "development");

4.In main Application, we have to use GenericXmlApplicationContext as Container and

load all the spring configuration files with ctx.load(--,--,--); method and rdfresh context.

EX:

GenericXmlApplicationCointext context = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();

context.load("spring-context-development.xml", "spring-context-production.xml");
context.refresh();

Example:

AccountBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class AccountBean {

private String driverClass;
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private String driverURL;

private String dbUserName;
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private String dbPassword;

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setXXX() and getXXX()

public void listAccounts() {

try {
Class.forName(driverClass);
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(driverURL,
dbUserName, dbPassword);
Statement st = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from account");
ResultSetMetaData md = rs.getMetaData();
int columns = md.getColumnCount();
for(int i=1; i<= columns; i++) {
System.out.print(md.getColumnName(i)+"\t");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("---------------------------------");
while(rs.next()) {
for(int i=1; i<=columns; i++) {
System.out.print(rs.getString(i)+"\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

applicationContext-development.xml

<beans ..... profile="development">

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<bean id="accBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.AccountBean">

<property name="driverClass" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
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<property name="driverURL"
value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
<property name="dbUserName" value="system"/>
<property name="dbPassword" value="durga"/>
</bean>

</beans>

applicationContext-production.xml

<beans .... profile="production">

</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.AccountBean;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

System.setProperty("spring.profiles.active", "production");
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GenericXmlApplicationContext context = new

GenericXmlApplicationContext();
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context.load("applicationContext-development.xml", "applicationContext-
production.xml");
context.refresh();
AccountBean accBean = (AccountBean)context.getBean("accBean");
accBean.listAccounts();

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Spring Expression Language [SpEL]
Expression Language is a programming language, it will provide simplified syntaxes to
manipulate Objects and their properties.

EX:

1.JSP EL: To evaluate the objects and their properties like request, session,
application,.... and their parameters and attribuites.

2.Struts2.x OGNL: To evaluate the objects and their properties like Value Stack,
CentralContext, request, application......

3.JBOSS EL: To evaluate Objects and their properties which are related to the JBOSS
implementations.

4.SpEL: To evaluate bean objects and their properties in SPring applications

SpEL: It is an Expression Language, it has provided simplified syntaxes to manipulate

objects and their properties during Runtime of the applications

To prepare and Evaluate Expressions in SpEL, Spring has provided very good
Predefined Library in the form of "org.springframework.exprssion" package.

In SPring applications, if we want to prepare and evaluate expressions we have to use

the following steps.

1.Create ExpressionParser object:

ExpressionParser is able to manage expressions and it able to have expression

evaluation mechanisms.
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To represent Expression Parser Spring Framework has provided a predefined interface

in the form of org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser .
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For ExpressionParser interface , Spring framework has provided a predefined

implementation class in the form of
"org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser" .

EX: ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();

Note: ExpressinParser is able to evaluate the expressions by using

StandardEvaluationContext, it able to evaluate the expressions against objects by
preparing Object Graphs internally.

2.Create Expression object:

In SpEL, Expression object is able to represent single Expression. To represent

Expression , SpEL has provided a predefined interface in the form of
"org.springframework.expression.Exception" . For Expression interface SpEL has
provided a predefined implementation class in the form of
"org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpression" .

To prepare expression and to get Expression object we have to use the following
method from ExpressionParser .

public Expression parseExpression(String expression)

EX: Expression expr = parser.parseExpression("10+10");

3.Get Result of the Expression Evaluation:

To get expression result we have to use the following method from Expresion.

public Object getValue()

EX: int val = (Object) expr.getValue();

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EX:
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package com.durgasoft.test;

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import org.springframework.expression.Expression;
import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
Expression expr = parser.parseExpression("10+10");
int val1 = (Integer) expr.getValue();
System.out.println(val1);

expr = parser.parseExpression("10*10");
int val2 = (Integer) expr.getValue();
System.out.println(val2);

expr = parser.parseExpression("'abc'+'def'");
String val3 = (String) expr.getValue();
System.out.println(val3);
}
}

EXample with StandardEvaluationContext:

CalculatorBean.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class CalculatorBean {

private int num1;
private int num2;
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setXXX() and getXXX()

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public int add() {

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return num1+num2;
}
public int sub() {
return num1-num2;
}
public int mul() {
return num1*num2;
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.expression.Expression;
import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.StandardEvaluationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.CalculatorBean;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

CalculatorBean cal = new CalculatorBean();
StandardEvaluationContext context = new
StandardEvaluationContext(cal);
ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();

Expression expr1 = parser.parseExpression("num1");

expr1.setValue(context, "10");
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Expression expr2 = parser.parseExpression("num2");

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expr2.setValue(context, "5");

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System.out.println("num1 :"+cal.getNum1());
System.out.println("num2 :"+cal.getNum2());
System.out.println("ADD :"+cal.add());
System.out.println("SUB :"+cal.sub());
System.out.println("MUL :"+cal.mul());
}
}

SpEL Features:

1.Expressions
2.Operators
3.Variables
4.Medthod Invocations
5.Collections

1.Expressions

SpEL is able to allow two types of Expressions.

1.Literal Expressions
2.Regular Expressions

1.Literal Expressions
---> It able to allow only literals inside the Expressions.

2.Regular Expressions
---> It able to check the specified String against the provided Regular Expressions, If the
provided String is as per the provided Regular Expression then it will return true value
otherwise it will return false value.

To compare String with Regular Expression we have to use "matches" operator, it is a

boolean operator, it will check whether the provided String is satisifying the provided
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Regular Expression or not.

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Syntax:

'String_Data' matches 'Reg_Expression'

Example:

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
Expression expr = parser.parseExpression("10 + 10");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("'abc' + 'def'");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("0xABCDEF*10+6");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("'Spring' matches 'Sp.*'");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("'[email protected]' matches '[a-

z]*@durgasoft.com'");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("'[email protected]' matches '[a-

z]*@durgasoft.com'");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());
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}
}
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2.Operators:
In SpEL, to prepare Expressions we are able to use the following operators.

i).Arithmetic Operators:

+, -, *, /, %,.....

ii).Logical Operators:

and or &&
or or ||
not or !

iii).Comparision Operators:

eq or ==
ne or !=
lt or <
le or <=
gt or >
ge or >=

iv).Ternary Operator:

Expr1? Expr2: Expr3;

v).Type Operator[T]:

It able to represent a particular class type or interface type in SpEL.

Syntax:
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T(Class_Name)
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vi).Safe Navigation Operator:

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In general, in JAVA applications, if we access any instance variable or method on a

reference variable contains null value then JVM will rise an exception like
java.lang.NullPointerException. In SpEL , to avoid NullPointerExceptions we are able to
use "Safe Navigation" operator.

Syntax:

var_Name?.methid_or_Var_Name()

Example:

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class User {

private String uname;

public String getUname() {

return uname;
}

public void setUname(String uname) {

this.uname = uname;
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.expression.Expression;
import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
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import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.StandardEvaluationContext;
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import com.durgasoft.beans.User;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
Expression expr = parser.parseExpression("10 + 20");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("10 * 20");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("true and true");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("true && false");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("true or true");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("true || false");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("10 ne 20");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("10 >= 20");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("10 lt 5");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());
229

expr = parser.parseExpression("10 ge 5");

System.out.println(expr.getValue());
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
expr = parser.parseExpression("10 eq 10? 'condition is true': 'condition is
false'");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("T(Thread).MIN_PRIORITY");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("T(Integer).toString(10)");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

User u = new User();

StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(u);
expr = parser.parseExpression("uname?.toUpperCase()");
System.out.println(expr.getValue(context));

3.Variables

In SpEL, if we want to access any variable which is already existed in

StandardEvaluationContext then we have to use the following syntax.

#var_Name.

If we want to set variable to StandardEvaluationContext then we have to use the

following method.

public void setVariable(String var_Name, Object val)

Example:
230

MyMath.java
Page

package com.durgasoft.beans;

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BY NAGOOR BABU
public class MyMath {
private int num1;
private int num2;

setXXX() and getXXX()

public int add() {

return num1+num2;
}
public int sub() {
return num1-num2;
}
public int mul() {
return num1*num2;
}
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.expression.Expression;
import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.StandardEvaluationContext;
import com.durgasoft.beans.MyMath;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
MyMath math = new MyMath();
StandardEvaluationContext context = new
StandardEvaluationContext(math);
context.setVariable("number1", 10);
context.setVariable("number2", 5);
ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
231

Expression expr1 = parser.parseExpression("num1 = #number1");

Expression expr2 = parser.parseExpression("num2 = #number2");
Page

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System.out.println(math.add());
System.out.println(math.sub());
System.out.println(math.mul());
}
}

4.Medthod Invocations

In SpEL , we are able to declare methods and we are able to access that methods as per
the requirement.

If we want to declare an user defined method and if we want to access user defined
method through an expression then we have to use the following steps.
1.Create StandardEvaluationContext object.
2.Register Method with a name.
public void registerFunction(String meth_Name, Method m)
3.Prepare an Expression with method call and access it.

Example:

MyString.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
public class MyString {
public static void reverseString(String str) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(str);
System.out.println(sb.reverse());
}
}

Test.java
232

package com.durgasoft.test;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
Page

import org.springframework.expression.Expression;

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import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.StandardEvaluationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext();
Class cls = Class.forName("com.durgasoft.beans.MyString");
Method method = cls.getDeclaredMethod("reverseString", new
Class[]{java.lang.String.class});
context.registerFunction("reverse", method);
context.setVariable("str", "Durga Software Solutions");

ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();

Expression expr = parser.parseExpression("#reverse(#str)");
expr.getValue(context);

// Accessing Predefined methods

expr = parser.parseExpression("new java.util.Date().toString()");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());

expr = parser.parseExpression("'Durga Software

Solutions'.toUpperCase()");
System.out.println(expr.getValue());
}
}

5.Collections

In SpEL, we are able to declare Collections and we are able to access the content from
Collection objects by using the following Expression Syntax.

Collection_Ref_Var.?Condition_Expression
233

Example:
Page

City_State.java

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BY NAGOOR BABU

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class City_State {

private String city;
private String state;

public City_State(String city, String state) {

this.city = city;
this.state = state;
}
setXXX() and getXXX()
public String toString() {
return city+"="+state;
}
}

City_State_Collection.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class City_State_Collection {

private ArrayList<City_State> city_State = new ArrayList<City_State>();
public ArrayList<City_State> getCity_State(){
city_State.add(new City_State("Hyd","Tel"));
city_State.add(new City_State("VJA","AP"));
city_State.add(new City_State("Warangal","Tel"));
city_State.add(new City_State("Vizag","AP"));
city_State.add(new City_State("KNGR","Tel"));
city_State.add(new City_State("TRPTI","AP"));
return city_State;
234

}
}
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.durgasoft.beans.City_State;
import com.durgasoft.beans.City_State_Collection;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

City_State_Collection collection = new City_State_Collection();
StandardEvaluationContext context = new
StandardEvaluationContext(collection);
ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
Expression expr = parser.parseExpression("city_State.?[state == 'AP']");
ArrayList<City_State> al = (ArrayList<City_State>)expr.getValue(context);
System.out.println(al);

}
235
Page

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{Spring JDBC
MODULE}
236
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
SPRING JDBC MODULE INDEX
1. Spring-DAO………………………………………………………………………….PAGE 238
2. Spring JDBC………………………………………………………………………….PAGE 256
3. Spring JDBC Connection Pooling Mechanism…………………………PAGE 301

237
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
Spring-DAO

-->DAO [Data Access Object], it is a design pattern, it able to provide very good environment to
separate Data Access logic from Business Processing logic.
-->In enterprise Applications, to prepare Data Access Layer we will use DAO Design pattern.

Advantages of DAOs in Enterprise Applications:

1)We are able to hide all data access implementation from Business/ Service Layer.
2)It is very simple to switch data access layer from one data access tech to anther data access
tech. with out giving any effect to Service/Business Layer, that is from JDBC to Hibernate,....
3)DAOs are able to provide centeralized Data Access in enterprise Application, it simplifies the
maintanance of Enterprise Applications.
4)While preparing Service/Business layer Code Simplification is possible, that is, it is very simple
to prepare Service/Business layer.
5)We are able get Standardization to prepare Data Access layer with DAOs.

Drawbacks With DAOs:

1)It adds one more layer to enterprise Application, may get maintanence problems.
2)Along with DAOs, we have to impement some other Design patterns like Factory Classes,
DTO[Data Transfer Objects],....in enterprise applications.

Guidelines to prepare DAOs in Enterprise Applications:

1. Prepare a seperate DAO interface:

Prepare a seperate DAO interface with the required DAO methods, which must represent CRUD
operations.

EX:

public interface StudentDao{

public String addStudent(Student std) throws DAOException;
public String updateStudent(Student std)throws DAOException;
public String deleteStudent(String sid)throws DAOException;
public List<Student> fildAllStudents()throws DAOException;
public Student findStudentByID(String sid)throws DAOException;
238

public Student findStudentByName(String sname)throws DAOException;

-----
Page

-----

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BY NAGOOR BABU
}
2.Provide an implementation to DAO interface:

public class StudentDAOImpl implements StudentDao{

---implementation for all StudentDao interface methods-----
---> We can provide our methods inorder to improve code reusability along with DAO interface
methods---
}

3.Prepare DTOs as per the requirement:

public class Student{

private String sid;
private String sname;
private String saddr;
-----
-----
setXXX() and getXXX()
-----
-----
}

4.Creat Factory Methods/ Factory Classes to generate DAOs:

public class StudentDaoFactory{

private static Student Dao dao;
static{
dao = new StudentDaoImpl();
}
public static StudentDao getStudentDao(){
return dao;
}
}

In Service layer
StudentDao dao = StudentDao.getStudentDao();

5) We must not cache DAO references, because, Factory classes/ Factory methods are providing
single instances of DAO to the service layer, if DAO is required in multiple modules then it is
239

requyired to create more than one DAO reference.

Page

6) In case of DAOs, It is suggestible to interact with Databases by using Connection Pooling

mechanisms, not by using DriverManager approach.

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7) DAO is not threadsafe, we must not use DAOs in multi threadded environment.

8) In DAOs we can access close() method inorder to close the resources like connections,.... , so
here, before calling close() method we must ensure that whether the resources are going to be
released or not with our close() method call.

9) We have make sure that all the objects which are used by DAOs are following Java bean
conventions or not.

Application on Servlets and JSPs with DAO:

Resources:

1. htmls:
a)addform.html
b)searchform.html
c)deleteform.html
d)existed.html
e)notexisted.html
f)success.html
g)failure.html
h)layout.html
i)header.html
j)menu.html
k)welcome.html
l)footer.html
2.jsps
a)display.jsp
3.Servlets
a)ControllerServlet
4.Services:
a)StudentService
5.DAOs
a)StudentDao
6)DTOs
a)StudentTo
7)Factories
a)ConnectionFactory
240

b)StudentServiceFactory
c)StudentDaoFactory
Page

8)JARS:

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BY NAGOOR BABU
a)ojdbc6.jar

Design Patterns:
a)DAO
b)MVC
c)DTO
d)Factory

Example:

layout.html

header.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="maroon">
<center>
<font color="white" size="7">
<b>
DURGA SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS
</b>
</font>
</center>
</body>
241

</html>
Page

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footer.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="blue">
<center>
<font color="white" size="5">
<b>
Durga Software Solutions, 202, Mitrivanam, Ameerpet, Hyd-38
</b>
</font>
</center>
</body>
</html>

menu.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightyellow">
<center>
<h3>
<br><br>
<a href="./addform.html" target="body">Add Student</a><br><br>
<a href="./searchform.html" target="body">Search Student</a><br><br>
<a href="./deleteform.html" target="body">Delete Student</a>
</h3>
</center>
</body>
242

</html>
Page

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welcome.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightblue">
<center>
<br><br><br>
<font color="red" size="6">
<b>
<marquee>
Welcome To Durga Software Solutions
</marquee>
</b>
</font>
</center>
</body>
</html>

addform.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightblue">
<form method="POST" action="./controller">
<center>
<br><br><br>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Student Id</td><td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>
243

</tr>
<tr>
Page

<td>Student Name</td><td><input type="text" name="sname"/></td>

</tr>

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<tr>
<td>Student Address</td><td><input type="text" name="saddr"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="ADD" name="button"/>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</form>
</body>
</html>

searchform.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightblue">
<form method="POST" action="./controller">
<br><br><br>
<center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Student Id</td><td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="SEARCH" name="button"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</form>
</body>
</html>

deleteform.html
244

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

Page

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>

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<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightblue">
<form method="POST" action="./controller">
<br><br><br>
<center>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Student Id</td><td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="DELETE" name="button"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</form>
</body>
</html>

display.jsp

<%@page import="com.durgasoft.to.StudentTo"%>
<%!
StudentTo sto;
%>
<%
sto = (StudentTo)request.getAttribute("sto");
%>
<html>
<body bgcolor="lightblue">
<center>
<br><br><br>
<table border = "1" bgcolor="white">
<tr>
<td>Student Id</td><td><%= sto.getSid() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
245

<td>Student Name</td><td><%= sto.getSname() %></td>

</tr>
Page

<tr>
<td>Student Address</td><td><%= sto.getSaddr() %></td>

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</tr>

</table>
</center>
</body>
</html>

existed.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightblue">
<center>
<br><br><br>
<font color="red" size="6">
<b>
Student Existed Already
</b>
</font>
</center>
</body>
</html>

notexisted.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

<br><br><br>
<font color="red" size="6">
Page

<b>
Student Not Existed

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</b>
</font>
</center>
</body>
</html>

success.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

failure.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"

<font color="red" size="6">

<b>
Page

Failure
</b>

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</font>
</center>
</body>
</html>

ControllerServlet.java

package com.durgasoft.controller;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.durgasoft.factory.StudentServiceFactory;
import com.durgasoft.services.StudentService;
import com.durgasoft.to.StudentTo;
public class ControllerServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
ServletException, IOException {
String button_Label = request.getParameter("button");
String status = "";
RequestDispatcher rd = null;
if(button_Label.equals("ADD")){
StudentService service = StudentServiceFactory.getStudentService();
StudentTo sto = new StudentTo();
sto.setSid(request.getParameter("sid"));
sto.setSname(request.getParameter("sname"));
sto.setSaddr(request.getParameter("saddr"));
status = service.addStudent(sto);
if(status.equals("success")){
rd = request.getRequestDispatcher("./success.html");
rd.forward(request, response);
}
if(status.equals("failure")){
248

rd = request.getRequestDispatcher("./failure.html");
rd.forward(request, response);
Page

}
if(status.equals("existed")){

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rd = request.getRequestDispatcher("./existed.html");
rd.forward(request, response);
}
}
if(button_Label.equals("SEARCH")){
String sid = request.getParameter("sid");
StudentService service = StudentServiceFactory.getStudentService();
StudentTo sto = service.searchStudent(sid);
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = null;
if( sto == null) {
dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("notexisted.html");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}else {
request.setAttribute("sto", sto);
dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("display.jsp");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
}
if(button_Label.equals("DELETE")){
String sid = request.getParameter("sid");
StudentService service = StudentServiceFactory.getStudentService();
status = service.deleteStudent(sid);
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = null;
if( status.equals("success")) {
dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("success.html");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
if( status.equals("failure")) {
dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("failure.html");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
if( status.equals("notexisted")) {

dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("notexisted.html");
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
}
}
249

}
Page

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StudentService.java

package com.durgasoft.services;

import com.durgasoft.to.StudentTo;

public interface StudentService {

public String addStudent(StudentTo sto);
public StudentTo searchStudent(String sid);
public String deleteStudent(String sid);
}

StudentServiceImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.services;

import com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDao;
import com.durgasoft.factory.StudentDaoFactory;
import com.durgasoft.to.StudentTo;

public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

String status="";
@Override
public String addStudent(StudentTo sto) {
StudentDao dao = StudentDaoFactory.getStudentDao();
status = dao.add(sto);
return status;
}

@Override
public StudentTo searchStudent(String sid) {
StudentTo sto = null;
StudentDao dao = StudentDaoFactory.getStudentDao();
sto = dao.search(sid);
return sto;
}

@Override
public String deleteStudent(String sid) {
250

StudentDao dao = StudentDaoFactory.getStudentDao();

status = dao.delete(sid);
Page

return status;
}

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BY NAGOOR BABU
}

StudentDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import com.durgasoft.to.StudentTo;

public interface StudentDao {

public String add(StudentTo sto);
public StudentTo search(String sid);
public String delete(String sid);
}

StudentDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import com.durgasoft.factory.ConnectionFactrory;
import com.durgasoft.to.StudentTo;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao{

String status = "";
@Override
public String add(StudentTo sto) {
try {
Connection con = ConnectionFactrory.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from student where
sid = ?");
pst.setString(1, sto.getSid());
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
if( b == true ) {
status = "existed";
}else {
251

pst = con.prepareStatement("insert into student values(?,?,?)");

pst.setString(1,sto.getSid());
Page

pst.setString(2, sto.getSname());
pst.setString(3, sto.getSaddr());

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pst.executeUpdate();
status = "success";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}
@Override
public StudentTo search(String sid) {
StudentTo sto = null;
try {
Connection con = ConnectionFactrory.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from student where
sid = ?");
pst.setString(1, sid);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
if(b == true) {
sto = new StudentTo();
sto.setSid(rs.getString("SID"));
sto.setSname(rs.getString("SNAME"));
sto.setSaddr(rs.getString("SADDR"));
}else {
sto = null;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return sto;
}
@Override
public String delete(String sid) {
try {
Connection con = ConnectionFactrory.getConnection();
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement("select * from student where
sid = ?");
pst.setString(1, sid);
252

ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
boolean b = rs.next();
Page

if(b == true) {
pst = con.prepareStatement("delete from student where sid = ?");

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pst.setString(1, sid);
pst.executeUpdate();
status = "success";
}else {
status = "notexisted";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}
}

StudentTo.java

package com.durgasoft.to;

public class StudentTo {

private String sid;
private String sname;
private String saddr;

public String getSid() {

return sid;
}
public void setSid(String sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
public String getSaddr() {
return saddr;
}
public void setSaddr(String saddr) {
253

this.saddr = saddr;
}
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StudentServiceFactory.java

package com.durgasoft.factory;

import com.durgasoft.services.StudentService;
import com.durgasoft.services.StudentServiceImpl;

public class StudentServiceFactory {

private static StudentService service;
static{
service = new StudentServiceImpl();
}
public static StudentService getStudentService(){
return service;
}
}

StudentDaoFactory.java

package com.durgasoft.factory;

import com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDao;
import com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDaoImpl;

public class StudentDaoFactory {

private static StudentDao dao;
static {
dao = new StudentDaoImpl();
}
public static StudentDao getStudentDao() {
return dao;
}
}

ConnectionFactory.java

package com.durgasoft.factory;

import java.sql.Connection;
254

import java.sql.DriverManager;
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public class ConnectionFactrory {

private static Connection con;

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static {
try {
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe",
"system", "durga");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
public static Connection getConnection() {
return con;
}
}

To provide support for DAOs kind of implementations in Spring Applications, Spring has provided
a separate module called as ―Spring DAO‖.
Spring DAO modules has provided a set of predefined classes and interfaces in order to provide
DAO support in the form of ―org.springframework.dao‖ package.

Spring provides a convenient translation from technology-specific exceptions like SQLException ,

HibernateException,…… to its own exception class hierarchy with the DataAccessException as the
root exception.

255
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Spring JDBC
In Enterprise Applications, to prepare Data Access Layer or DAO layer Spring has provided
Modules in the form of JDBC and ORM . IN ORM we may use no of ORM implementation tools
like Hibernate, JPA, Ibatis,....

Q)In Enterprise Applications, to prepare Data Access Layer we have already Plain JDBC
tech. then what is the requirement to go for Spring JDBC Module?

Ans:

1.To prepare Data Access Layer in enterprise applications, if we use JDBC then we must take
explicit responsibility to prepare the steps load and register the driver, Establisg Connection,
creating Statement, executing SQl Queries and closing the resources like ResultSet, Statement
and Connection.

If we use Spring JDBC module to prepare Data Access Layer, we must take explicit responsibility
to write and execute SQL Queries only, not to take any responsibility to load and register driver,
connection establishment, creating Statement and closing the resources.

2.In case of Plain JDBC, almost all the exceptions are checked exceptions, we have to handle
them explicitly by providing some java code.

In case of Spring JDBC module, all the internal checked exceptions are converted into Unchecked
Exceptions which are defined by Spring DAO module , it is very simple to handle these unchecked
Exceptions.

3.In Plain JDBC, limited support is available for Transactions.

In Spring JDBC Module, very good support is available for transactions, we may use Transaction
module also to provide transactions.

4.In Plain JDBC, to hold the results we are able to use only ResultSet object, which is not
implementing java.io.Serializable interface, which is not transferable in network.

In Spring JDBC, we are able to get results of SQL Queries in our required form like in the form of
RowSet, Collections, ..... which are implementing java.io.Serializable interface and which are
transferable in Network.
256

5.In plain JDBC, we are able to get Connections either by using DriverManager or by using
Datasource.
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In Spring JDBC, we are able to get Connection internally by using Datasource only, that is through
Connection Pooling only.

6.In plain JDBC, to map records to Bean objects in the form of Collection Object we have to write
java code explicitly, no predefined support is provided by JDBC tech.

In case of Spring JDBC, to map Database records to Bean objects in the form of Collection Spring
JDBC has provided predefined support in the form of "RowMapper".

7.In Plain JDBC, no callback interfaces support is available to create and execute the sql queries
in PrfeparedStatement style.

In Spring JDBC, callback interfaces support is available to create and execute sql queries
in PreparedStatement style.

To prepare Data Access Layer in enterprise applications, Spring JDBC module has provided the
complete predefined library in the from of the following classes and interfaces in
"org.springframework.jdbc" and its sub packages.

JdbcTemplate
NamedParameterJdbcTemplate
SimpleJdbcTemplate
SimpleJdbcInsert and SimpleJdbcCall
SQL Mapping through SQLUpdate and SQLInsert

In Spring Applications, if we want to JdbcTemplate[Jdbc Module] then we have to use the

following steps.

1)Create DAO interface with the required methods.

2)Create DAO implementation class with implementation for DAO interface methods.
3)In Configuration File provide configuration for DataSource class , JdbcTemplate class and DAO
implementation class.
4)Prepare Test Application to access Dao methods.

IN Spring configuration file we have to configure DataSource with the following properties.

driverClassName
url
257

username
password
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In Spring applications, to configure DataSource Spring has provided a seperate a predefined
Datasource class in the form of
"org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource", it is not suggestible for
production mode, it is suggestible for testing mode of our applications , In spring applications, it is
always suggestible to use third party Connection Pooling mechanisms like dbcp, C3P0, Proxool,..

JdbcTemplate class is providing basic environment to interact with Database like Loading Driver
class, Getting Connection between Java application and DB, Creating Statement ,
PreparedStatement and CallableStatement and closing the connection with the help of the
provided Datasource and JdbcTemplate class has provided the following methods to execute SQL
Queries.
1)For Non Select sql queries and DML SQL queries
public int update(String query)
2)For DDL Sql Queries
public void execute(String query)
3)For Select sql queries
public int queryForInt(String query)
public int queryForLong(String query)
public String queryForString(String query)
public Object queryForObject(String query)
public List query(String query)
public List queryForList(String query)
public Map queryForMap(String query)
public RowSet queryForRowSet(String query)

While performing retrival operations to convert data from ResultSet object[records] to Bean
objects Spring Framework has provided a predefined interface in the form of
"org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper" which contains the following method .

public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowCount)

Example

StudentDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
public interface StudentDao {
258

public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate);

public String add(Student std);
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public Student search(String sid);

public String update(Student std);

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public String delete(String sid);

StudentDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
String status = "";

@Override
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate ;

}
@Override
public String add(Student std) {

try {
jdbcTemplate.update("insert into student
values('"+std.getSid()+"','"+std.getSname()+"','"+std.getSaddr()+"')");
status = "success";

}catch(Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}

return status;
}
259

@Override
public Student search(String sid) {
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Student std = null;

try {

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std = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from student where
sid='"+sid+"'", new StudentMapper());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return std;
}

@Override
public String update(Student std) {
try {
jdbcTemplate.update("update student set
sname='"+std.getSname()+"',saddr='"+std.getSaddr()+"' where sid='"+std.getSid()+"'");
status="success";
jdbcTemplate.qu
}catch(Exception e) {
status="failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

@Override
public String delete(String sid) {
try {
jdbcTemplate.update("delete from student where sid='"+sid+"'");
status="success";
} catch (Exception e) {
status="failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}
}

Student.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
260

public class Student {

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private String sid;

private String sname;

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private String saddr;

setXXX() and getXXX()

StudentMapper.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;

public class StudentMapper implements RowMapper<Student> {

@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int row_No) throws SQLException {

Student std = new Student();

std.setSid(rs.getString("SID"));
std.setSname(rs.getString("SNAME"));
std.setSaddr(rs.getString("SADDR"));
return std;

}
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
import com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDao;
261

public class Test {

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public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

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ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
StudentDao dao = (StudentDao) context.getBean("studentDao");
//----Inserting Records------
Student std = new Student();
std.setSid("S-111");
std.setSname("Durga");
std.setSaddr("Hyd");
String status = dao.add(std);
System.out.println("Student Insertion :"+status);

std.setSid("S-222");
std.setSname("Anil");
std.setSaddr("Hyd");
status = dao.add(std);
System.out.println("Student Insertion :"+status);

std.setSid("S-333");
std.setSname("Sekhar");
std.setSaddr("Hyd");
status = dao.add(std);
System.out.println("Student Insertion :"+status);
System.out.println();

//----Retriving Record-----
Student std1 = dao.search("S-111");
if(std1 == null) {
System.out.println("Student Search Status :NotExisted");
}else {
System.out.println("Student Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Student Id :"+std1.getSid());
System.out.println("Student Name :"+std1.getSname());
System.out.println("Student Address :"+std1.getSaddr());
}
System.out.println();

//----Updating a Record------
std.setSid("S-111");
std.setSname("XXX");
262

std.setSaddr("YYY");
status = dao.update(std);
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System.out.println("Student Updation :"+status);

System.out.println();

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//----Deleting a record-----
status = dao.delete("S-111");
System.out.println("Student Deletion :"+status);
}
}

In Spring JDBC Applications, we will use positional parameters[?] also in sql queries which we are
providing along with JdbcTemplate class provided query execution methods.

If we provide positional parameters in sql queries then JdbcTemplate class will use
"PreparedStatement" internally to execute sql query instead of Statement.

To provide values to the Positional parameters in SQL Queries we have to use Object[] with
values as parametyer to all JdbcTemplate class provided query execution methods.

public int update(String query, Object[] param_Values)

public int queryForInt(String query, Object[] param_Values)
public long queryForLong(String query, Object[] param_Values)
public Object queryForObject(String query, Object[] param_Values, RowMapper rm)
-----
-----
-----
Ex:

String query = "insert into student values(?,?,?)";

int rowCount = jdbcTemplate.update(query, new Object[]{"S-111", "AAA", "Hyd"});

Example:

StudentDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
263

public interface StudentDao {

public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate);
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public String add(Student std);

public Student search(String sid);

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public String update(Student std);
public String delete(String sid);

StudentDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
String status = "";

@Override
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate ;

}
@Override
public String add(Student std) {

try {
String query = "insert into student values(?,?,?)";
jdbcTemplate.update(query, new Object[] {std.getSid(), std.getSname(),
std.getSaddr()});
status = "success";

}catch(Exception e) {
status = "failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}

return status;
264

}
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@Override
public Student search(String sid) {

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Student std = null;
try {
std = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from student where sid=?", new
Object[] {sid}, new StudentMapper());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return std;
}

@Override
public String update(Student std) {
try {
jdbcTemplate.update("update student set sname=?, saddr=? where
sid=?",new Object[] { std.getSname(), std.getSaddr(), std.getSid()});
status="success";

}catch(Exception e) {
status="failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}

@Override
public String delete(String sid) {
try {
jdbcTemplate.update("delete from student where sid=?", new Object[] {sid});
status="success";
} catch (Exception e) {
status="failure";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return status;
}
}

applicationContext.xml
265

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

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xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<bean id="studentDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDaoImpl">

</beans>

StudentMapper.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;

public class StudentMapper implements RowMapper<Student> {

@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int row_No) throws SQLException {
266

Student std = new Student();

std.setSid(rs.getString("SID"));
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std.setSname(rs.getString("SNAME"));
std.setSaddr(rs.getString("SADDR"));

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return std;

}
}

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
import com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
StudentDao dao = (StudentDao) context.getBean("studentDao");
//----Inserting Records------
Student std = new Student();
std.setSid("S-111");
std.setSname("Durga");
std.setSaddr("Hyd");
String status = dao.add(std);
System.out.println("Student Insertion :"+status);

std.setSid("S-222");
std.setSname("Anil");
std.setSaddr("Hyd");
status = dao.add(std);
System.out.println("Student Insertion :"+status);

std.setSid("S-333");
std.setSname("Sekhar");
std.setSaddr("Hyd");
status = dao.add(std);
267

System.out.println("Student Insertion :"+status);

System.out.println();
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//----Retriving Record-----

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Student std1 = dao.search("S-111");
if(std1 == null) {
System.out.println("Student Search Status :NotExisted");
}else {
System.out.println("Student Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Student Id :"+std1.getSid());
System.out.println("Student Name :"+std1.getSname());
System.out.println("Student Address :"+std1.getSaddr());
}
System.out.println();

//----Updating a Record------
std.setSid("S-111");
std.setSname("XXX");
std.setSaddr("YYY");
status = dao.update(std);
System.out.println("Student Updation :"+status);
System.out.println();

//----Deleting a record-----
status = dao.delete("S-111");
System.out.println("Student Deletion :"+status);
}

NamedParameterJdbcTemplate
NamedParameterJdbcTemplate class is same as JdbcTemplate class , but,
NamedParameterJdbcTemplate class is able to define and run sql queries with Named
Parameters instead of positional parameters.
EX:
String query = "insert into student values(:sid, :sname, :saddr)";

Where :sid, :sname, :saddr are named parameters for which we have to provide values.

In case of NamedParameterJdbcTemplate , we are able to provide values to the named

parameters in the following two approaches.
268

1.By Using Map directly.

2.By using SqlParameterSource interface.
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1.By Using Map directly.

String query = "insert into student values(:sid, :sname, :saddr)";

Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("sid", "S-111");
map.put("sname", "AAA");
map.put("saddr", "Hyd");
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(query, map);

2.By using SqlParameterSource interface.

To provide values to the Named parameters Spring has provided the following two implementation
classes for SqlParameterSoure interface.
a)MapSqlParameterSource
b)BeanPropertySqlParameterSource

To provide values to the named parameters if we want to use MapSqlParameterSource then first
we have to create object for MapSqlParameterSource and we have to use the following method to
add values to the named parameters.

public MapSqlParameterSource addValue(String name, Object val)

EX:

String query = "insert into student values(:sid, :sname, :saddr)";

SqlParameterSource param_Source = new MapSqlParameterSource("sid", "S-111");
param_Source = param_Source.addValue("sname", "AAA");
param_Source = param_Source.addValue("saddr", "Hyd");
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(query, param_Source);

To provide values to the named parameters if we want to use BeanPropertySqlParameterSource

then first we have to create bean object with data then we have to create Object for
BeanPropertySqlParameterSource with the generated Bean reference then provide
BeanPropertySqlParameterSource object to query methods.

EX:

String query = "insert into student values(:sid, :sname, :saddr)";

269

Student std = new Student();

std.setSid("S-111");
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std.setSname("AAA");
std.setSaddr("Hyd");

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SqlParameterSource param_Source = new BeanPropertySqlParameterSource(std );
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(query, param_Source);

Note: JdbcTemplate is allowing DataSource object injection through setter method, but,
NamedParameterJdbcTemplate class is allowing DataSource object injection through Constructor
Dependency Injection.

Example

CustomerDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Customer;

public interface CustomerDao {

public String add(Customer c);

public Customer search(String cid);
public String update(Customer c);
public String delete(String cid);
}

CustomerDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.BeanPropertySqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.MapSqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.SqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Customer;

public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {

270

String status = "";

private NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParameterJdbcTemplate;
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public void setNamedParameterJdbcTemplate(NamedParameterJdbcTemplate

namedParameterJdbcTemplate) {

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this.namedParameterJdbcTemplate = namedParameterJdbcTemplate;
}
@Override
public String add(Customer c) {
String query = "insert into customer values(:cid, :cname, :caddr)";
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("cid", c.getCid());
map.put("cname", c.getCname());
map.put("caddr", c.getCaddr());
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(query, map);
return "SUCCESS";
}

@Override
public Customer search(String cid) {
String query = "select * from customer where cid=:cid";

Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

map.put("cid", cid);
//SqlParameterSource paramSource = new MapSqlParameterSource("cid", cid);

Customer c = namedParameterJdbcTemplate.queryForObject(query, map, new

CustomerMapper());

return c;
}

@Override
public String update(Customer c) {
String query = "update customer set CNAME=:cname, CADDR=:caddr where
CID=:cid";
SqlParameterSource paramSource = new BeanPropertySqlParameterSource(c);
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(query, paramSource);

return "SUCCESS";
}
@Override
public String delete(String cid) {
String query = "delete from customer where cid=:cid";
271

SqlParameterSource paramSource = new MapSqlParameterSource("cid", cid);

namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(query, paramSource);
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return "SUCCESS";
}

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}
Customer.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Customer {

private String cid;
private String cname;
private String caddr;

public String getCid() {

return cid;
}
public void setCid(String cid) {
this.cid = cid;
}
public String getCname() {
return cname;
}
public void setCname(String cname) {
this.cname = cname;
}
public String getCaddr() {
return caddr;
}
public void setCaddr(String caddr) {
this.caddr = caddr;
}

CustomerMapper.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
272

import com.durgasoft.beans.Customer;
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public class CustomerMapper implements RowMapper<Customer> {

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@Override
public Customer mapRow(ResultSet rs, int row_No) throws SQLException {

Customer c = new Customer();

c.setCid(rs.getString("CID"));
c.setCname(rs.getString("CNAME"));
c.setCaddr(rs.getString("CADDR"));
return c;

}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<bean id="customerDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.CustomerDaoImpl">

<property name="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" ref="namedParameterJdbcTemplate"/>
</bean>
<bean id="namedParameterJdbcTemplate"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate">
<constructor-arg ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
<property name="username" value="system"/>
<property name="password" value="durga"/>
</bean>
273

</beans>
Page

Test.java

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package com.durgasoft.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Customer;
import com.durgasoft.dao.CustomerDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
CustomerDao dao = (CustomerDao)context.getBean("customerDao");
Customer c = new Customer();
c.setCid("C-111");
c.setCname("AAA");
c.setCaddr("Hyd");
String status = dao.add(c);
System.out.println("Student Insertion :"+status);

Customer c1 = dao.search("C-111");
System.out.println("Customer Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Customer Id :"+c1.getCid());
System.out.println("Customer Name :"+c1.getCname());
System.out.println("Customer Address :"+c1.getCaddr());
System.out.println();
Customer c2 = new Customer();
c2.setCid("C-111");
c2.setCname("BBB");
c2.setCaddr("Sec");
status = dao.update(c2);
System.out.println("Student Updation Status :"+status);
Customer c3 = dao.search("C-111");
System.out.println("Customer Updated Details");
System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Customer Id :"+c3.getCid());
System.out.println("Customer Name :"+c3.getCname());
System.out.println("Customer Address :"+c3.getCaddr());
274

System.out.println();
status = dao.delete("C-111");
Page

System.out.println("Student Deletion Status :"+status);

}

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}
SimpleJdbcTemplate:
In Spring JDBC module, the main intention of SimpleJdbcTemplate class is to provide support for
JDK5.0 version feratures like Auto Boxing, Auto Unboxing, Var-Arg methods,.....

SimpleJdbcTemplate class was provided in Spring2.5 version only and it was deprecated in the
later versions Spring3.x and Spring4.x , in Spring5.x version SimpleJdbcTemplate class was
removed.

If we want to use SimpleJdbcTemplate class we have to use Spring2.5 version jar files in Spring
applications.

To execute SQL queries , SimpleJdbcTemplate class has provided the following methods.

public Object execute(String sqlQuery)

Note: To use this method we have to get JdbcOperations class by using getJdbcOperations()
method.

public int update(String query, Object ... params)

public Object queryForInt(String query, Object ... params)
public Object queryForLong(String query, Object ... params)
public Object query(String query, Object ... params)
public Object queryForObject(String query,Object ... params)
----
----
Note: In case of SimpleJdbcTemplate class, to perform retrival operations, we have to use
"ParameterizedRowMapper" inplace of RowMapper interface.

Example:

EmployeeDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public interface EmployeeDao {

public String add(Employee emp);
275

public Employee search(int eno);

public String update(Employee emp);
Page

public String delete(int eno);

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}

EmployeeDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcTemplate;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao{

private SimpleJdbcTemplate simpleJdbcTemplate;

String status = "";

public void setSimpleJdbcTemplate(SimpleJdbcTemplate simpleJdbcTemplate) {
this.simpleJdbcTemplate = simpleJdbcTemplate;

}
@Override
public String add(Employee emp) {
String query = "insert into emp1
values("+emp.getEno()+",'"+emp.getEname()+"',"+emp.getEsal()+",'"+emp.getEaddr()+"')";
simpleJdbcTemplate.getJdbcOperations().execute(query);
status = "SUCCESS";
return status;
}
@Override
public Employee search(int eno) {
String query = "select * from emp1 where eno=?";
Employee emp = simpleJdbcTemplate.queryForObject(query, new
EmployeeMapper(), eno);

return emp;
}
@Override
public String update(Employee emp) {
String query = "update emp1 set ename=?, esal =?, eaddr=? where eno=?";
simpleJdbcTemplate.update(query, emp.getEname(), emp.getEsal(),
emp.getEaddr(), emp.getEno());
276

status = "SUCCESS";
return status;
Page

}
@Override

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public String delete(int eno) {
String query = "delete from emp1 where eno = ?";
simpleJdbcTemplate.update(query, eno);
status = "SUCCESS";

return status;
}
}

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Employee {

private int eno;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;

public int getEno() {

return eno;
}
public void setEno(int eno) {
this.eno = eno;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public float getEsal() {
return esal;
}
public void setEsal(float esal) {
this.esal = esal;
}
public String getEaddr() {
return eaddr;
277

}
public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
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this.eaddr = eaddr;
}

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}
EmployeeMapper.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.ParameterizedRowMapper;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeMapper implements ParameterizedRowMapper<Employee> {

@Override
public Employee mapRow(ResultSet rs, int row_No) throws SQLException {

Employee emp = new Employee();

emp.setEno(rs.getInt("ENO"));
emp.setEname(rs.getString("ENAME"));
emp.setEsal(rs.getFloat("ESAL"));
emp.setEaddr(rs.getString("EADDR"));
return emp;

}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
278

<bean id="employeeDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">

<property name="simpleJdbcTemplate" ref="simpleJdbcTemplate"/>
Page

</bean>

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<bean id="simpleJdbcTemplate"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcTemplate">
<constructor-arg ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
<property name="username" value="system"/>
<property name="password" value="durga"/>
</bean>

</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
EmployeeDao dao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("employeeDao");
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setEno(111);
emp.setEname("AAA");
emp.setEsal(5000);
emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
String status1 = dao.add(emp);
System.out.println("Employee Insertion Status :"+status1);
System.out.println();
279

Employee emp1 = dao.search(111);

System.out.println("Employee Details");
Page

System.out.println("--------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Number :"+emp1.getEno());

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System.out.println("Employee Name :"+emp1.getEname());
System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+emp1.getEsal());
System.out.println("Employee Address :"+emp1.getEaddr());
System.out.println();
Employee emp2 = new Employee();
emp2.setEno(111);
emp2.setEname("BBB");
emp2.setEsal(6000);
emp2.setEaddr("Sec");
String status2 = dao.update(emp2);
System.out.println("Employee Updation Status :"+status2);
System.out.println();
String status3 = dao.delete(111);
System.out.println("Employee Deletion Status :"+status3);
}
}

DAO Support Classes:

In Spring JDBC , we have to prepare DAO implementation classes with XXXTemplate property
and the corresponding setXXX() method inorder to inject XXXTemplate class.

In Spring JDBC applications, if we want to get XXXTemplate classes with out declaring Template
properties and corresponding setXXX() methods we have to use DAO Support classes provided
Spring JDBC module.

There are three types of DAOSupport classes inorder to get Template object in DAO classes.

1.JdbcDaoSupport
2.NamedParameterJdbcDaoSupport
3.SimpleJdbcDaoSupport

Where JdbcDaoSupport class will provide JdbcTemplate reference in DAO classes by using the
following method.

public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate()

Where NamesParameterJdbcDaoSupport class will provide NamedParameterJdbcTempate

reference in DAO classes by using the following method.
280

public NamedParameterJdbcTemplate getNamedparameterJdbctemplate()

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Where SimpleJdbcDaoSupport class is able to provide SimpleJdbctemplate reference in Dao
class by using the following method.

public SimpleJdbcTemplate getSimpleJdbcTemplate()

EX:

public class EmployeeDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements EmployeeDao{

public String insert(int eno, String ename, float esal, String eaddr){
getJdbcTemplate().update("insert into emp1 values("+eno+",'"+ename+"',"+esal+",'"+eaddr+"')");
return "SUCCESS";
}
----
----
}

Spring Batch Updations

Batch Processing:

To perform Batch Updations in Spring JDBC we have to use the following method from
JdbcTemplate class.

public int[] batchUpdate(String sql_prepared_Statement, BatchPreparedStatementSetter setter)

Where BatchPreparedStatementSetter interface contains the following two methods

public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int index)
public int getBatchSize()

Where setValues() method will be executed for each and every record to set values to the
positional parameters existed in PreparedStatement object by getting values from the provided
List.

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
281

public class Employee {

Page

private int eno;

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private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;

public int getEno() {

EmployeeDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.util.List;
282

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
Page

public interface EmployeeDao {

public int[] insert(List<Employee> list);

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}

EmployeeDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BatchPreparedStatementSetter;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao{

private DataSource dataSource;
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
@Override
public int[] insert(List<Employee> list) {
int[] rowCounts = null;
try {
String sql = "insert into emp1 values(?,?,?,?)";
rowCounts = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, new
BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {
@Override
public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws
SQLException {
ps.setInt(1, list.get(i).getEno());
ps.setString(2, list.get(i).getEname());
ps.setFloat(3, list.get(i).getEsal());
ps.setString(4, list.get(i).getEaddr());
283

}
@Override
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public int getBatchSize() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

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return list.size();
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return rowCounts;
}
}

Jdbc.properties

jdbc.driverClassName = oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
jdbc.url = jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe
jdbc.username = system
jdbc.password = durga

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">

<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

</bean>
Page

<context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/>

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</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
EmployeeDao dao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("empDao");
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>();
Employee e1 = new Employee();
e1.setEno(111);
e1.setEname("AAA");
e1.setEsal(5000);
e1.setEaddr("Hyd");
list.add(e1);
Employee e2 = new Employee();
e2.setEno(222);
e2.setEname("BBB");
e2.setEsal(6000);
e2.setEaddr("Hyd");
list.add(e2);
Employee e3 = new Employee();
e3.setEno(333);
e3.setEname("CCC");
e3.setEsal(6000);
285

e3.setEaddr("Hyd");
list.add(e3);
Page

int[] rowCounts = dao.insert(list);

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for(int i = 0; i<rowCounts.length; i++) {
System.out.println(rowCounts[i]);
}

}
}

Stored Procedure and Functions in Spring JDBC:

If we want to access stored procedures and functions ehich are available at database from Spring
Jdbc application then we have to use "SimpleJdbcCall".

To use SimpleJdbcCall in Spring Jdbc applications we have to use the following steps.
1)Create DAO interface and its implementation class.
2)IN DAO implementation class, we have to declare DataSource and JdbcTemplate and its
respective setter method .
3)In side setter method we have to create SimpleJdbcCall object.
SimpleJdbcCall jdbcCall = new SimpleJdbcCall();
jdbcCall.withProcedureName("proc_Name");
4)Configure DataSource and DAO implementation class in beans configuration file.
5)Access "execute" method by passing IN type parameters values in the form of
"SQLParameterSource".
public Map execute(Map m)
pubhlic Map execute(SqlParameterSource paramSource)
public Map execute(Object ... obj)

Procedure to copy at Database:

create or replace procedure getSalary(no IN number, sal OUT

int)
AS
BEGIN
select esal into sal from emp1 where eno = no;
END getSalary;
/

Employee.java
286

package com.durgasoft.beans;
Page

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public class Employee {
private int eno;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;

public int getEno() {

EmployeeDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.util.Map;
287

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
Page

public interface EmployeeDao {

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public void create(Employee emp);
public Object getEmployeeSalary(int eno);
}

EmployeeDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import
org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.MapSqlParameterSourc
e;
import
org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.SqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcCall;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

private DataSource dataSource;
private SimpleJdbcCall jdbcCall;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
jdbcCall = new SimpleJdbcCall(dataSource).withProcedureName("getSalary");

}
@Override
public void create(Employee emp) {
try {
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
String sql= "insert into emp1 values("+emp.getEno()+",'"+emp.getEname()+"',"+emp.getEsal()+"
,'"+emp.getEaddr()+"')";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
288

}
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@Override
public Object getEmployeeSalary(int eno) {
SqlParameterSource in = new MapSqlParameterSource().addValue("no", eno);
Map<String, Object> map = jdbcCall.execute(in);

// System.out.println(map);
return map.get("SAL");
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-
beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-
context.xsd">
<bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id = "dataSource" class =
"org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name = "driverClassName" value = "oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
<property name = "url" value = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
<property name = "username" value = "system"/>
<property name = "password" value = "durga"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java
289

package com.durgasoft.test;
Page

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

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import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationCo
ntext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws

Exception {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
EmployeeDao dao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("empDao");

Employee emp1 = new Employee();

emp1.setEno(111);
emp1.setEname("AAA");
emp1.setEsal(5000);
emp1.setEaddr("Hyd");
dao.create(emp1);
Object salary1 = dao.getEmployeeSalary(emp1.getEno());
System.out.println(emp1.getEno()+"---->"+salary1);

Employee emp2 = new Employee();

emp2.setEno(222);
emp2.setEname("BBB");
emp2.setEsal(6000);
emp2.setEaddr("Hyd");
dao.create(emp2);
Object salary2 = dao.getEmployeeSalary(emp2.getEno());
System.out.println(emp2.getEno()+"---->"+salary2);

Employee emp3 = new Employee();

emp3.setEno(333);
emp3.setEname("CCC");
emp3.setEsal(7000);
emp3.setEaddr("Hyd");
dao.create(emp3);
Object salary3 = dao.getEmployeeSalary(emp3.getEno());
290

System.out.println(emp3.getEno()+"---->"+salary3);
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}

Using CURSOR Types in Procedures:

Procedure from Spring JDBC Application by using SimpleJdbcCall :

If we want to use CURSOR types in Stored Procedures inorder to retrive multiple Records data
then we have to use the following method on SimpleJdbcCall reference.

SimpleJdbcCall jdbcCall = new SimpleJdbcCall(dataSource)

jdbcCall = jdbcCall.withProcedureName("getAllEmployees");
jdbcCall =
jdbcCall.returningResultSet("emps",BeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Employee.class));

After adding returningResultSet(--,--) method, if we access execute() method on SimpleJdbcCall

then execute() method will execute procedure, it will get all the results from CURSOR type
variable and stored all recordfs in the form of Employee objects in an ArrayList object with
"emps"[CURSOR TYPE variable] key in a Map.

Example:

COPY this Procedure in Database

create or replace procedure getAllEmployees(emps OUT SYS_REFCURSOR)

AS
BEGIN
open emps for
select * from emp1;
END getAllEmployees;
/

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Employee {

private int eno;
private String ename;
291

private float esal;

private String eaddr;
Page

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public int getEno() {
return eno;
}
public void setEno(int eno) {
this.eno = eno;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public float getEsal() {
return esal;
}
public void setEsal(float esal) {
this.esal = esal;
}
public String getEaddr() {
return eaddr;
}
public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
this.eaddr = eaddr;
}

EmployeeDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import java.util.Map;

public interface EmployeeDao {

public Map<String, Object> getAllEmployees();

}
292

EmployeeDaoImpl.java
Page

package com.durgasoft.dao;

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import java.util.Map;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcCall;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

private SimpleJdbcCall jdbcCall;
private DataSource dataSource;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
jdbcCall = new SimpleJdbcCall(dataSource).withProcedureName("getAllEmployees");
jdbcCall = jdbcCall.returningResultSet("emps",
BeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Employee.class));
}
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getAllEmployees() {

Map<String, Object> map = jdbcCall.execute();

//System.out.println(map);
return map;
}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/s…/context/spring-context.xsd">
293

<bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
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</bean>
<bean id = "dataSource"

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class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name = "driverClassName" value = "oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
<property name = "url" value = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
<property name = "username" value = "system"/>
<property name = "password" value = "durga"/>
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
EmployeeDao dao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("empDao");
Map<String, Object> map = dao.getAllEmployees();
System.out.println(map);
ArrayList<Employee> list =(ArrayList<Employee>) map.get("emps");
System.out.println(list);

System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("ENO\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
System.out.println("-----------------------------");
for(Employee e: list) {
System.out.println(e.getEno()+"\t"+e.getEname()+"\t"+e.getEsal()+"\t"+e.getEaddr());
}

}
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}
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Blob and Clob processing in Spring JDBC:

BLOB: It is a data type available at Databases to represent large volumes of binary data.
CLOB: It is a data type available at Database to represent large volumes of character data.

In Spring JDBC Applications, to process BLOB and CLOB Data, Spring JDBC has provided the
following three interfaces mainly.

1.AbstractLobCreatingPreparedStatementCallback
--> It will be used to store Blob and Clob related data in Database.
protected void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, LobCreator lobCreator) throws SQLException,
DataAccessException

2.AbstractLobStreamingResultSetExtractor
--> It will be used to retrive BLOB and CLOB data from database.
streamData(ResultSet rs)throws SQLException, IOException, DataAccessException

3.LobCreator
--> It contains the following methods to prepare Binary stream and character streams to send blob
and clob data to database.
setBlobAsBinaryStream()
setClobAsCharacterStream()

4.LobHolder
--> It contains the following methods to get Binary stream and character stream to get blob and
clob data.
getBlobAsBinaryStream()
getClobAsCharacterStream()

Example:

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

import java.io.File;

public class Employee {

295

private int eno;

private String ename;
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private File emp_Image;

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private File emp_Resume;

public int getEno() {

return eno;
}
public void setEno(int eno) {
this.eno = eno;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public File getEmp_Image() {
return emp_Image;
}
public void setEmp_Image(File emp_Image) {
this.emp_Image = emp_Image;
}
public File getEmp_Resume() {
return emp_Resume;
}
public void setEmp_Resume(File emp_Resume) {
this.emp_Resume = emp_Resume;
}
}

EmployeeDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public interface EmployeeDao {

public void insertEmployee(Employee emp);
public Employee readEmployee();
}
296

EmployeeDaoImpl.java
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package com.durgasoft.dao;

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import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.AbstractLobCreatingPreparedStatementCallback;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.AbstractLobStreamingResultSetExtractor;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.lob.LobCreator;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.lob.LobHandler;
import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

private LobHandler lobHolder;
private DataSource dataSource;
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {

this.dataSource = dataSource;
jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
public void setLobHolder(LobHandler lobHolder) {
this.lobHolder = lobHolder;
}
public LobHandler getLobHolder() {
return lobHolder;
}
@Override
public void insertEmployee(Employee emp) {
297

String sql_Query = "insert into emp10 values(?,?,?,?)";

jdbcTemplate.execute(sql_Query, new
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AbstractLobCreatingPreparedStatementCallback(lobHolder) {

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@Override
protected void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, LobCreator lobCreator)
throws SQLException, DataAccessException {
FileInputStream fis = null;
FileReader fr = null;
try {
ps.setInt(1, emp.getEno());
ps.setString(2, emp.getEname());
fis = new FileInputStream(emp.getEmp_Image());
fr = new FileReader(emp.getEmp_Resume());
lobCreator.setBlobAsBinaryStream(ps, 3, fis,
(int)emp.getEmp_Image().length());
lobCreator.setClobAsCharacterStream(ps, 4, fr,
(int)emp.getEmp_Resume().length());
}catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} );

@Override
public Employee readEmployee() {
Employee emp = new Employee();

String sql = "select * from emp10";

jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new
AbstractLobStreamingResultSetExtractor<Object>() {
@Override
protected void streamData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException,
IOException, DataAccessException {
emp.setEno(rs.getInt(1));
emp.setEname(rs.getString(2));

File file1 = new File("E:/spring/my_image.jpg");

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file1);
FileCopyUtils.copy(lobHolder.getBlobAsBinaryStream(rs, 3), fos);
emp.setEmp_Image(file1);
298

File file2 = new File("E:/spring/my_resume.docx");

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FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file2);

FileCopyUtils.copy(lobHolder.getClobAsCharacterStream(rs, 4), fw);

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emp.setEmp_Resume(file2);

}
});

return emp;
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">

</beans>
299

jdbc.properties
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jdbc.driverClassName = oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver

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jdbc.url = jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe
jdbc.username = system
jdbc.password = durga

Test.java

package com.durgasoft.test;

import java.io.File;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
EmployeeDao dao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("empDao");
File file1 = new File("E:/spring/nag.jpg");
File file2 = new File("E:/spring/nag_resume.docx");
Employee emp1 = new Employee();
emp1.setEno(111);
emp1.setEname("Nag");
emp1.setEmp_Image(file1);
emp1.setEmp_Resume(file2);
dao.insertEmployee(emp1);
System.out.println("Employee Inserted Successfully");

Employee emp2 = dao.readEmployee();

System.out.println("Employee Retrived Successfully");
System.out.println("Employee Details");
System.out.println("---------------------");
System.out.println("Employee Number :"+emp2.getEno());
System.out.println("Employee Name :"+emp2.getEname());
System.out.println("Employee Image :"+emp2.getEmp_Image().getAbsolutePath());
300

System.out.println("Employee Resume
:"+emp2.getEmp_Resume().getAbsolutePath());
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}
}

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Spring JDBC Connection Pooling Mechanism
In Database related applications, if we want to perform database operations first we have to
creater Connection object then we have to close connection object when the database operations
are completed.
IN Database related applications, every time creating Connection object and every time destroying
Connection object may reduce application performance, because, Creating Connection object and
destroying Connection object are two expensive processes, which may reduce application
performance.

To overcome the above problem we have to use Connection Pooling in applications.In Connection
pooling we will create a set of Connection object in the form of a pool at the application startup
time and we will reuse that COnnection objects while executing applications , when database
operations are completed then we will send back that connection objects to Pool object with out
destroying that connection objects.

In SPring JDBC applications there are three approaches to provide connection pooling.

1.Default Connection Pooling Mech.

2.Third Party Connection Pooling Mechanisms
3.Application Servers provided Connection Pooling Mechanism

1.Default Connection Pooling Mech.

In SPring Framework, Default Connection pooling mechanism is existed in the form of

org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource, it is usefull upto testging only, it
is usefull for production environment of the application.

If we want to use default Connection Pooling mechanism in SPring JDBC application then we
have to configure org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource in beans
configuration file with the following properties .

1.driverClassName
2.url
3.username
4.password
---
---
EX:
301

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">

<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
Page

<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>

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<property name="username" value="system"/>
<property name="password" value="durga"/>
</bean>

2.Third Party Connection Pooling Mechanisms

In Spring JDBC applications we are able to use the following third party connection pooling
mechanisms
1.Apache DBCP
2.C3P0
3.Proxool

1.Apache DBCP:

To use Apcahes DBCP connection pooling mechanism then we have to configure

org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource class with the following properties in spring beans
configuration file.

1.driverClassName
2.url
3.username
4.password
5.initialSize:It will take Initial pool size.
6.maxTotal: It will allow the specified no of max connections.
---
---
EX:
---
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
<property name="initialSize" value="20" />
<property name="maxTotal" value="30" />
</bean>

Note: To use this mechanism in Spring JDBC Applications then we have to add the following two
jar files to Library.
302

1.commons-dbcp2-2.2.0.jar
2.commons-pool2-2.5.0.jar
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2.C3P0

To use C3P0 connection pooling mechanism then we have to configure

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource class with the following properties in spring
beans configuration file.

1.driverClass
2.jdbcUrl
3.user
4.password
5.minPoolSize:It will take Initial pool size.
6.maxPoolSize: It will allow the specified no of max connections.
7.maxStatements: Max statements it allows.
8.testConnectionOnCheckOut:true/false for Checking Connection before use.
---
---
EX:

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">

Note: To use this mechanism in Spring JDBC Applications then we have to add the following two
jar files to Library.
1.c3p0-0.9.5.2.jar
2.mchange-commons-java-0.2.11.jar

3.Proxool:

To use Proxool connection pooling mechanism then we have to configure

org.logicalcobwebs.proxool.ProxoolDataSource class with the following properties in spring beans
configuration file.
303

1.driver
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2.driverUrl
3.user

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4.password
5.minimumConnectionCount:It will take Initial pool size.
6.maximumConnectionCount: It will allow the specified no of max connections.
---
---
EX:

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.logicalcobwebs.proxool.ProxoolDataSource">

Note: To use this mechanism in Spring JDBC Applications then we have to add the following two
jar files to Library.
1.proxool-0.9.1.jar
2.proxool-cglib.jar

Example:

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;

public class Employee {

private int eno;
private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;

public int getEno() {

return eno;
}
public void setEno(int eno) {
this.eno = eno;
}
304

public String getEname() {

return ename;
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}
public void setEname(String ename) {

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this.ename = ename;
}
public void setEsal(float esal) {
this.esal = esal;
}
public float getEsal() {
return esal;
}
public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
this.eaddr = eaddr;
}
public String getEaddr() {
return eaddr;
}
}

EmployeeDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public interface EmployeeDao {

public void insertEmployee(Employee emp);

EmployeeDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

305

private DataSource dataSource;

private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
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public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {

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this.dataSource = dataSource;
jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
@Override
public void insertEmployee(Employee emp) {
String sql_Query = "insert into emp1
values("+emp.getEno()+",'"+emp.getEname()+"',"+emp.getEsal()+",'"+emp.getEaddr()+"')";
jdbcTemplate.execute(sql_Query);

}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

<!-- DBCP Connection Pooling Mechanism Properties
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe" />
306

<property name="username" value="system" />

<property name="password" value="durga" />
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<property name="initialSize" value="20" />

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</bean>
-->


<bean id="dataSource" class="org.logicalcobwebs.proxool.ProxoolDataSource">
<property name="driver" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver" />
<property name="driverUrl" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe" />
<property name="user" value="system" />
<property name="password" value="durga" />
<property name="maximumConnectionCount" value="30" />
<property name="minimumConnectionCount" value="10" />
</bean>
</beans>

Test.java

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
EmployeeDao dao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("empDao");
Employee emp = new Employee();
307

emp.setEno(111);
emp.setEname("Nag");
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emp.setEsal(5000);
emp.setEaddr("Hyd");

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dao.insertEmployee(emp);
System.out.println("Employee Inserted Successfully");

}
}

3.Application Servers provided Connection Pooling Mechanism throw JNDI:

JNDI[Java Naming And Directory Interface]: JNDI is a Middleware Service or an abstraction

provided by SUN Micreosystems as part of J2EE and which is implemented by all the Application
Servers vendors like Weblogic, JBOSS, Glassfish,.....

JNDI is existed inside the application Servers to provide any resource with Global Scope, that is,
JNDI will share any resource like "DataSource" to all the applications which are running in the
present application server.

In general, almost all the Application Servers are having their own Connection Pooling
mechanisms, if we want to use Application Servers provided Connection pooling mechanisms we
have to use the following steps.

1)Install Application Server.

2)COnfigure Connection Pooling and Datasource in JNDI provided by Application Servers.
3)Add the required new JARs to Library.
4)Provide JNDI Setups in beans configuration File.

1) Install Application Server[Weblogic Server]

1.Download fmw_12.2.1.3.0_wls_quick.jar from internet[oracle.com]

2.Open command prompt in Administrator mode.
3.Set JAVA8 or JAVA7 in path.
set path=C:\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\bin;
4.Goto setup file loaction and execute JAR file with the following command.
F:\softwares\servers\weblogic>java -jar fmw_12.2.1.3.0_wls_quick.jar
5.Click on "Next" button.
6.Click on "Next" Button
7.Specify Home directory "Oracle"
8.Click on "Next" button.
9.Click on "Next" button.
10.Click on "Next" button
308

11.Click on "Install" button.

12.Click on "Next" button.
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13.Click on "Finish" button.

14.Provide domain name "durga_domain".

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15.Click on "Next" button.
16.Click on "Next" button.
17.Provide user name and password.
user name: weblogic
password: weblogic_weblogic
confirm password: weblogic_weblogic
18.Click on "Next" button.
19.Click on "Next" button.
20.Select "Adminstration Server"
21.CLick on "Next" button.
22.Click on "Next" button.
23.Click on "Create" button.
24.Click on "Next" button.
25.Click on "Finish" button.

2)COnfigure Connection Pooling and Datasource in JNDI provided by Application Servers:

1.Goto durga_domain location

C:\Oracle\user_projects\domains\durga_domain
2.double click on "startWeblogic" batch file.
3.Open Browser and provide the following url to open Administration console.
http://localhost:7001/console
4.Provide domain user name and password.
user name: weblogic
password: weblogic_weblogic
5.Click on "Login" button.
6.Go for Domain Structer and select "Services".
7.Select "DataSource".
8.Click on "New" button.
9.Select "Generic datasource".
10.Provide the following details.
Name: durgads
Scope: GLOBAL
JNDI Name: durgajndi
Database Type: Oracle
11.Click on "Next" button.
12.Click on "Next" button.
13.Click on "Next" button.
14.Provide the following details.
309

Database Name: xe
Host Name: localhost
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Port : 1521
Database User Name: system

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password: durga
confirm password: durga
15.Click on "Next" button.
16.Click on "Next" button.
17.Select "admin server".
18.Click on "Finish" button.

3)Add the required new JARs to Library:

To use Weblogic Server provided Connection Pooling mechanism in Spring JDBC Application
then we have to use the following jars along with the regular jars.
1)weblogic.jar
2)spring-jdbc-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
3)spring-tx-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar

4)Provide JNDI Setups in beans configure:

To use Weblogic Server provided Connection Pooling mechanism in Spring JDBC Application
then we have to provide the following DataSource configuration in beans configuration file.\

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">

<property name="jndiName" value="durgajndi"/>
<property name="jndiEnvironment">
<props>
<prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory</prop>
<prop key="java.naming.provider.url">t3://localhost:7001</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">

Example:

Employee.java

package com.durgasoft.beans;
310
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public class Employee {

private int eno;

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private String ename;
private float esal;
private String eaddr;

public int getEno() {

return eno;
}
public void setEno(int eno) {
this.eno = eno;
}
public String getEname() {
return ename;
}
public void setEname(String ename) {
this.ename = ename;
}
public void setEsal(float esal) {
this.esal = esal;
}
public float getEsal() {
return esal;
}
public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
this.eaddr = eaddr;
}
public String getEaddr() {
return eaddr;
}
}

EmployeeDao.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public interface EmployeeDao {

public void insertEmployee(Employee emp);
311

}
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EmployeeDaoImpl.java

package com.durgasoft.dao;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;

public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

private DataSource dataSource;
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {

this.dataSource = dataSource;
jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
@Override
public void insertEmployee(Employee emp) {
String sql_Query = "insert into emp1
values("+emp.getEno()+",'"+emp.getEname()+"',"+emp.getEsal()+",'"+emp.getEaddr()+"')";
jdbcTemplate.execute(sql_Query);

}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
312

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">

Page

<property name="jndiName" value="durgajndi"/>

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<props>
<prop key="java.naming.factory.initial">weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory</prop>
<prop key="java.naming.provider.url">t3://localhost:7001</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">

</beans>

Test.java

import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {

ApplicationContext context = new

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
EmployeeDao dao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("empDao");
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setEno(111);
emp.setEname("AAA");
emp.setEsal(5000);
emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
dao.insertEmployee(emp);
System.out.println("Employee Inserted Successfully");
}
}
313
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU

{SPRING AOP}
314
Page

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SPRING AOP MODULE INDEX
1.Intorduction……………………………………………………………………….PAGE 316
2. AOP Terminology……………………………………………………………….PAGE 318
3. Advices In Spring……………………………………………….………………PAGE 320
4. PointCut………………………………………………..……………………..…….PAGE 323
5. AspectJ………………………………………………………………………………PAGE 342

315
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BY NAGOOR BABU
Spring–AOP
Intorduction:

Aspect Orientation:

In general, in enterprise applications development, if we use Object Oriented Programming

languages then we have to provide the implementation by combining both Applications business
logic and services logic.

EX:

1. public class Transaction{

2. public void deposit(---){
3. ----Deposit Logic-----
4. ----Authentocation-----
5. ----Logging------------
6. ----Transact-----------
7. }
8. public void withdraw(---){
9. ----Deposit Logic-----
10. ----Authentication-----
11. ----Logging------------
12. ----Transact-----------
13. }
14. public void transfer(---){
15. ----Deposit Logic-----
16. ----Authentication-----
17. ----Logging------------
18. ----Transact-----------
19. }
20. }

If we use the above style of implementation then we are able to get the following problems.
1. It is very difficult to modify the services logic, it required to modify in all business method.
2. It will not provide Sharability
3. It will not provide Code Reusability.
4. It will provide tightly coupled design.
316

To overcome the above problems we have to use Aspect Orientation.

Aspect Orientation is not a programming language, it is a methodology or a paradiagm, it will be
Page

applied on Object Oriented Programming in order to get loosely coupled design and in order to
improve sharability and Reusability.

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The basic idea behind Aspect Orientation is to separate all services logic from System Business
logic , declaring each and every service as an aspect and injecting these aspects into the
application Business logic in the respective locations by using Dependence Injection.

In enterprise Applications, AOP will provide the following advantages.

1. In Enterprise applications, Business components looks very clean and having only
business implementation statements.
2. All Services are implemented in a common place which simplifies code maintenance.
3. We can make changes in common location , so that, the changes are reflected to all
business methods.

AOP is implemented by the following vendors.

1. AspectJ
2. Spring AOP
3. JBOSS AOP

Spring Framework is providing the following two types of implementations

1. Schema Based Implementation
2. AspectJ
a. Declarative Based Approach
b. Annotation Based Approach
317
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BY NAGOOR BABU
AOP Terminology
In general, AOP will use the following terminologies inorder to implement AOP based
implementation.

1. Aspect
2. Advice
3. Join point
4. Pointcut
5. Target
6. Proxy
7. Weaving
8. Introduction

1. Aspect:

An Aspect is the concern or a service which we want to implement in the application such as
logging, transactional , Security etc.

2. Advice:

An Advice is the actual implementation of the aspect. Aspect is a concept and Advice is the
concrete implementation of the concept.

3. Join point:

A JoinPoint is a point in the execution of the program where an aspect can be applied. It could be
before/after executing the method, before throwing an exception, before/after modifying an
instance variable etc.

4. Pointcut:

PointCuts tell on which join points the aspect will be applied. An advice is associated with a point
cut expression and is applied to a join point which matches the point cut expression.

5.Target:

Target is a business component class which is being advised

6.Proxy:
318

Proxy is the object which is created by the framework after applying the advice on the target
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object.

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Proxy = target + advice(s)

7. Weaving:

Weaving is the process of applying the aspect on the target object to product the proxy object.
Weaving can be done at compile time, class loading time or runtime. Spring AOP supports
weaving at runtime.

8. Introduction:

An Introduction allows adding new methods or attributes to existing classes. The new method and
instance variable can be introduced to existing classes without having to change them, giving
them new state and behavior.

319
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BY NAGOOR BABU
Advices In Spring
Advices In Spring:

Advice is the implementation of Aspect. An Advice provides the code for implementation of the
service or Aspect. As an example consider logging service, logging is an Aspect and Advice
denotes the implementation of Log4j.

In general, all the advices code will not be included in business methods at compile time, these
services will be included at runtime.

Spring Framework is providing the following various advices.

1. Before Advice
2. After Advice
3. After-Returning
4. After-throwing
5. Around Advice

1. Before Advice:

Before advice contains service/Aspect implementation , it will be executed before executing the
respective business method.

To represent Before Advice, Spring Framework has provided a predefined interface in the form of
"org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice".

If we want to use Before Advice in Spring applications , first, we have to declare an user defined
class, it must implement org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice interface and we must
provide implementation for the following method provided by MethodBeforeAdvice interface.

public void before(Method m,Object[] Bus_Meth_Params, Object target)throws Exception

 Where java.lang.reflect.Method parameter is able to provide metadata of the Business

method to which BeforeAdvice is applied.
 Where Object[] is providing business method parameter values in the form of Objects.
 Where Object is representiung the target Object.

Note: The services which are implemented in before() method are executed at before executing
business logic.
320

Example:
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1. public class BeforeAdviceImpl implements MethodBeforeAdvice{

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2. public void before(Method method, Object[] params, Object target)throws Exception{
3. -----Service implementation-----
4. }
5. }

2,3. After Advice[After Returning Advice] :

It is same as Before Advice, But this advice contains services which are applied after completion
of our business method logic
To create an after returning advice in spring, we have to declare an user defined class, it must
implement org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice and we must implement the following
method.

public void afterReturning(Object returnValue,Object[] args, Object target)throws Exception

 Where first parameter is representning return value in the form of Object type.
 Where second parameter is able to represent business method parameters in the form of
Object[].
 Where third parameter is representing Target Object.
EX:

1. public class AfterReturningAdviceImpl implements AfterReturningAdvice{

2. public void afterReturning(Object returnValue,Object[] args, Object target)throws Except
ion{
3. ----
4. }
5. }

Note: In Schema Based implementation, After Advice and After-Returning Advice are same, but,
in Annotation approach both are different.

4 . After-throwing or Throws Advice:

This advice will be executed after throwing an exception from the business method.

To represent After-Throwing Advice, Spring Framework has provided a predefined interface in the
form of "org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice".

If we want to use After Throwing Advice in Spring applications , first, we have to declare an user
321

defined class, it must implement org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice interface and we must

provide implementation for the following method provided by ThrowsAdvice interface.
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public void afterThrowing([Method, args, target], ThrowableSubclass)

Some Examples of the above form are

public void afterThrowing(Exception ex)
public void afterThrowing(RemoteException)
public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception ex)
public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, ServletException ex)
 Where java.lang.reflect.Method parameter is able to provide metadata of the Business
method to which BeforeAdvice is applied.
 Where Object[] is providing business method parameter values in the form of Objects.
 Where Object is representiung the target Object.
 Where Exception is representing the generated Exception.

Example:

1. public class ThrowsAdviceImpl implements ThrowsAdvice{

2. public void afterThrows(Method method, Object[] params, Object target)throws Exception
{
3. -----Service implementation-----
4. }
5. }

5. Around Advice
Around Advice will be executed before and after executing the business method.
Around Advice is combination of both Before and After Advice.
Around Advice is not given by spring framework and it is from Open Source implementation
called AOP alliance.
Around Advice can be used by any framework which supports AOP.

To represent Around Advice, Spring AOP Aliance has provided a predefined interface in the form
of org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor.

MethodINterceptor has provided the following method inorder to provide services before and after
execution of the business method.

public Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi)throws Throwable

In Around Advice, we will implement Before and After Advice in invoke() method, in invoke()
method will provide before advice logic before calling proceed() method and we will provide After
322

Advice logic after calling proceed() method.

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Note: Around Advice can access the return value of business method and it can modify the value

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BY NAGOOR BABU
and it can return a different value back to the client, as return type is Object, but in the After
Advice its not possible right, as its return type is void.

Example:

1. public class AroundAdviceImpl implements MethodInterceptor

2. {
3. public Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi)throws Throwable
4. {
5. //Before Logic
6. Object ob = mi.proceed();
7. //After logic
8. return ob;
9. }
10. }

PointCut
PointCut defines at what Joinpoints Advices has to be applied, instead of defining advices at all
join points.

If we want to use PointCuts in AOP based applications then we have to configure that pointcuts in
Spring configuration File.

To configure Pointcuts in configuration file then we have to use the following two types of
PointCuts.

1. Static Pointcut
2. Dynamic Pointcut

1. Static Pointcut:
Static pointcuts define advice that is always executed. Static pointcuts are based on method and
target class, and cannot take into account the method's arguments. Static pointcuts are sufficient -
and best - for most usages. It's possible for Spring to evaluate a static pointcut only once, when a
method is first invoked: after that, there is no need to evaluate the pointcut again with each
323

method invocation.
Page

To represent Pointcuts , Spring framework has provided a predefined interface in the form of
"org.springframework.aop.PointCut".

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SpringFramework has provided the following Implementation classes for

org.springframework.aop.PointCut interface.
1. NameMatchMethodPointcut
2. Perl5RegexpMethodPointcut
3. JdkRegexpMethodPointcut

2. Dynamic Pointcut:
Dynamic pointcuts determine if advice should be executed by examining the runtime method
arguments.

Dynamic pointcuts are costlier to evaluate than static pointcuts. They take into account method
arguments, as well as static information. This means that they must be evaluated with every
method invocation; the result cannot be cached, as arguments will vary.

To represent Dynamic Pointcut Spring has provided the following predefined class.

1. ControlFlowPointcut
2. DynamicMethodMatcherPointcut

If we want to use Pointcuts in Spring applications then we have to configure Pointcut and Advisor
in apring configuration file.

In spring applications, we will use "DefaultPointCutAdvosor" inorder to suggest the advices to the
Pointcuts.

Where if we want to use NameMatchMethodPointcut then we have to use "mappedNames"

property of type "array" and we must provide business method names as values to which we want
to apply advices.
EX:

1. <bean id="pointcut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcut"

>
2. <property name="mappedNames">
3. <array>
4. <value>displayEmployee</value>
5. <value>getEmployeeDetails</value>
6. </array>
324

7. </property>
8. </bean>
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 Where If we want to use "Perl5RegexpMethodPointcut" and "JdkRegexpMethodPointcut" in
spring applications then we have to use a property like "pattern" of list type with different
patterns.
EX:

1. <bean id="pointcut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.Perl5RegexpMethodPointcut"

>
2. <property name="patterns">
3. <list>
4. <value>.*Employee.*</value>
5. </list>
6. </property>
7. </bean>

 Where if we want to use DefaultPointcutAdvisor in spring applications then we have to use

"pointcut" and "advice" properties.
EX:

1. <bean id="advisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor">

2. <property name="pointcut" ref="pointcut"/>
3. <property name="advice" ref="validatorAdvice"/>
4. </bean>

Example On Before Advice:

Employee.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Employee {
4. private int eno;
5. private String ename;
6. private float esal;
7. private String eemail;
8. private String emobile;
9.
10. public int getEno() {
11. return eno;
12. }
325

13. public void setEno(int eno) {

14. this.eno = eno;
Page

15. }

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16. public String getEname() {
17. return ename;
18. }
19. public void setEname(String ename) {
20. this.ename = ename;
21. }
22. public float getEsal() {
23. return esal;
24. }
25. public void setEsal(float esal) {
26. this.esal = esal;
27. }
28. public String getEemail() {
29. return eemail;
30. }
31. public void setEemail(String eemail) {
32. this.eemail = eemail;
33. }
34. public String getEmobile() {
35. return emobile;
36. }
37. public void setEmobile(String emobile) {
38. this.emobile = emobile;
39. }
40.
41.
42. }

EmployeeService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
4.
5. public interface EmployeeService {
6. public void displayEmployee(Employee emp);
7. public void getEmployeeDetails(Employee emp);
8. }
326

EmployeeServiceImpl.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.

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3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
4.
5. public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService {
6.
7. @Override
8. public void displayEmployee(Employee emp) {
9. System.out.println("Employee Details from displayEmployee(---)");
10. System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
11. System.out.println("Employee Number :"+emp.getEno());
12. System.out.println("Employee Name :"+emp.getEname());
13. System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+emp.getEsal());
14. System.out.println("Employee Email Id :"+emp.getEemail());
15. System.out.println("Employee Mobile No :"+emp.getEmobile());
16.
17. }
18. public void getEmployeeDetails(Employee emp) {
19. System.out.println("Employee Details from getEmployeeDetails(--)");
20. System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------");
21. System.out.println("Employee Number :"+emp.getEno());
22. System.out.println("Employee Name :"+emp.getEname());
23. System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+emp.getEsal());
24. System.out.println("Employee Email Id :"+emp.getEemail());
25. System.out.println("Employee Mobile No :"+emp.getEmobile());
26.
27. }
28.
29. }

EmployeeValidator.java

1. package com.durgasoft.advice;
2.
3. import java.lang.reflect.Method;
4.
5. import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
6.
7.
8. import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
9.
327

10. public class EmployeeValidator implements MethodBeforeAdvice {

11.
Page

12. @Override

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13. public void before(Method method, Object[] params, Object target) throws Throwable {

14. Employee emp = (Employee) params[0];

15. System.out.println("Validation Messages for "+method.getName());
16. System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------");
17. if( emp.getEno() < 100 || emp.getEno() > 999) {
18. System.out.println("*********Employee Number must be 3 digit number **********");
19. }
20. if( emp.getEsal() < 20000 || emp.getEsal() > 50000) {
21. System.out.println("********* Employee Salary Must be in between 20000 to 50000 *
*******");
22. }
23. if(!emp.getEemail().endsWith("@durgasoft.com")) {
24. System.out.println("********* Employee Email is Invalid *************");
25. }
26. if(!emp.getEmobile().startsWith("91-")) {
27. System.out.println("********* Employee Mobile Number is INvalid ********");
28. }
29. }
30. }

ApplicationContext.java

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

15. </bean>
16.
Page

17.

18. <bean id="empService" class="com.durgasoft.bo.EmployeeServiceImpl"/>

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19.
20. 
21. <bean id="validatorAdvice" class="com.durgasoft.advice.EmployeeValidator"/>
22.
23. 
24. <bean id="pointcut" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointc
ut">
25. <property name="mappedNames">
26. <array>
27. <value>displayEmployee</value>
28. <value>getEmployeeDetails</value>
29. </array>
30. </property>
31. </bean>
32.
33. 
34. <bean id="advisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor">
35. <property name="pointcut" ref="pointcut"/>
36. <property name="advice" ref="validatorAdvice"/>
37.
38. </bean>
39.
40. 
41. <bean id="empProxy" class = "org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"
>
42. <property name="target" ref="empService"/>
43. <property name="interceptorNames">
44. <list>
45. <value>advisor</value>
46. </list>
47. </property>
48. </bean>
49. </beans>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;
329

4. import org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcut;
5. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
Page

6. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
7.

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8. import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
9. import com.durgasoft.bo.EmployeeService;
10.
11. public class Test {
12.
13. public static void main(String[] args) {
14. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
15. Employee emp = (Employee) context.getBean("empBean");
16. EmployeeService empService = (EmployeeService) context.getBean("empProxy");
17. empService.displayEmployee(emp);
18. System.out.println();
19. empService.getEmployeeDetails(emp);
20.
21.
22. }
23. }

Example On After Advice:

Student.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Student {
4. private String sname;
5. private String squal;
6. private String semail;
7. private String smobile;
8.
9. public String getSname() {
10. return sname;
11. }
12. public void setSname(String sname) {
13. this.sname = sname;
14. }
15. public String getSqual() {
16. return squal;
17. }
330

18. public void setSqual(String squal) {

19. this.squal = squal;
Page

20. }

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21. public String getSemail() {
22. return semail;
23. }
24. public void setSemail(String semail) {
25. this.semail = semail;
26. }
27. public String getSmobile() {
28. return smobile;
29. }
30. public void setSmobile(String smobile) {
31. this.smobile = smobile;
32. }
33.
34.
35. }

InstituteService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
4.
5. public interface InstituteService {
6. public void enquiry(Student std, String course_Name);
7. public void registration(Student std, String course_name);
8. }

InstituteServiceImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
4.
5. public class InstituteServiceImpl implements InstituteService {
6.
7. @Override
8. public void enquiry(Student std, String course_Name) {
9. System.out.println("Student Enquiry Details");
10. System.out.println("-----------------------------");
331

11. System.out.println("Student Name :"+std.getSname());

12. System.out.println("Student Qualification :"+std.getSqual());
Page

13. System.out.println("Student Email ID :"+std.getSemail());

14. System.out.println("Student Mobile NUmber :"+std.getSmobile());

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15. System.out.println("Enquiry Course Name :"+course_Name);
16. }
17. public void registration(Student std, String course_Name) {
18. System.out.println("Student Course Registration Details");
19. System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
20. System.out.println("Student Name :"+std.getSname());
21. System.out.println("Student Qualification :"+std.getSqual());
22. System.out.println("Student Email ID :"+std.getSemail());
23. System.out.println("Student Mobile NUmber :"+std.getSmobile());
24. System.out.println("Enquiry Course Name :"+course_Name);
25. }
26. }

ThanqAdvice.java

1. package com.durgasoft.advice;
2.
3. import java.lang.reflect.Method;
4.
5. import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
6.
7. import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
8.
9. public class ThanqAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {
10.
11. @Override
12. public void afterReturning(Object return_Val, Method method, Object[] params, Object t
arget) throws Throwable {
13. Student std = (Student)params[0];
14. String course_Name = (String)params[1];
15. System.out.println("ThanQ "+std.getSname()+" for your course "+method.getName()+"
on "+course_Name);
16. System.out.println("Durgasoft Team will contact with you for the Course Schedule");
17. }
18. }

ApplicationContext.java

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

332

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
Page

4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xsi:schemaLocation="

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6. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/sche
ma/beans/spring-beans.xsd
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/
aop/spring-aop.xsd">
8.
9. 
10. <bean id="stdBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Student">
11. <property name="sname" value="Durga"/>
12. <property name="squal" value="BTech"/>
13. <property name="semail" value="[email protected]"/>
14. <property name="smobile" value="91-9988776655"/>
15. </bean>
16.
17. 
18. <bean id="target" class="com.durgasoft.bo.InstituteServiceImpl"/>
19.
20. 
21. <bean id="advice" class="com.durgasoft.advice.ThanqAdvice"/>
22.
23. 
24. <bean id="proxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
25. <property name="target" ref="target"/>
26. <property name="interceptorNames">
27. <list>
28. <value>advice</value>
29. </list>
30. </property>
31. </bean>
32. </beans>

Test.java

8.
9. public class Test {
Page

10. public static void main(String[] args) {

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11. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
12. Student std = (Student) context.getBean("stdBean");
13. InstituteService inst_Service = (InstituteService) context.getBean("proxy");
14. inst_Service.enquiry(std, "JAVA");
15. System.out.println();
16. inst_Service.registration(std, "JAVA");
17.
18.
19. }
20. }

Example On Throws Advice:

Movie.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Movie {
4. private String movie_Name;
5. private String show_Time;
6. private int price;
7.
8. public String getMovie_Name() {
9. return movie_Name;
10. }
11. public void setMovie_Name(String movie_Name) {
12. this.movie_Name = movie_Name;
13. }
14. public String getShow_Time() {
15. return show_Time;
16. }
17. public void setShow_Time(String show_Time) {
18. this.show_Time = show_Time;
19. }
20. public int getPrice() {
21. return price;
22. }
23. public void setPrice(int price) {
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24. this.price = price;

25. }
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26.

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27.
28. }

MovieService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Movie;
4.
5. public interface MovieService {
6. public void playMovie(Movie movie)throws Exception;
7. }

MovieServiceImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Movie;
4.
5. public class MovieServiceImpl implements MovieService {
6.
7. @Override
8. public void playMovie(Movie movie)throws Exception {
9. System.out.println("Movie Details");
10. System.out.println("----------------");
11. System.out.println("Movie Name :"+movie.getMovie_Name());
12. System.out.println("Movie Time :"+movie.getShow_Time());
13. System.out.println("Price :"+movie.getPrice());
14. throw new RuntimeException("Power Failure Occurred");
15. }
16.
17. }

MoneyReturnAdvice.java

1. package com.durgasoft.advice;
2.
3.
4. import java.lang.reflect.Method;
335

5.
6. import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;
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7.
8.

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9. public class MoneyReturnAdvice implements ThrowsAdvice {
10. public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] params, Object target, Exception e)
{
11. System.out.println("Power Failure Exception Occurred, Movie was stopped, please co
me to counter and collect your money");
12.
13. }
14. }

ApplicationContext.java

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

27. </list>
28. </property>
Page

29. </bean>
30. </beans>

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Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5.
6. import com.durgasoft.beans.Movie;
7. import com.durgasoft.bo.MovieService;
8.
9. public class Test {
10.
11. public static void main(String[] args) {
12. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
13. Movie movie = (Movie)context.getBean("movieBean");
14.
15. MovieService movie_Service = (MovieService) context.getBean("proxy");
16. try {
17. movie_Service.playMovie(movie);
18. } catch (Exception e) {
19.
20. }
21.
22. }
23.
24. }

Example on Around Advice:

Account.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Account {
4. private String accNo;
5. private String accName;
6. private String accType;
7. private int balance;
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8.
9. public String getAccNo() {
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10. return accNo;

11. }

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12. public void setAccNo(String accNo) {
13. this.accNo = accNo;
14. }
15. public String getAccName() {
16. return accName;
17. }
18. public void setAccName(String accName) {
19. this.accName = accName;
20. }
21. public String getAccType() {
22. return accType;
23. }
24. public void setAccType(String accType) {
25. this.accType = accType;
26. }
27. public int getBalance() {
28. return balance;
29. }
30. public void setBalance(int balance) {
31. this.balance = balance;
32. }
33.
34.
35. }

Cheque.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Cheque {
4. private String cheque_No;
5. private int amount;
6.
7. public String getCheque_No() {
8. return cheque_No;
9. }
10. public void setCheque_No(String cheque_No) {
11. this.cheque_No = cheque_No;
12. }
338

13. public int getAmount() {

14. return amount;
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15. }
16. public void setAmount(int amount) {

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17. this.amount = amount;
18. }
19. }

TransactionService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
4. import com.durgasoft.beans.Cheque;
5.
6. public interface TransactionService {
7. public void debit(Account acc, Cheque cheque );
8. }

TransactionServiceImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.bo;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
4. import com.durgasoft.beans.Cheque;
5.
6. public class TransactionServiceImpl implements TransactionService {
7.
8. @Override
9. public void debit(Account acc, Cheque cheque) {
10. int initial_Amount = acc.getBalance();
11. int debit_Amount = cheque.getAmount();
12. int total_Amount = initial_Amount - debit_Amount;
13. acc.setBalance(total_Amount);
14. System.out.println("*******Transaction Success*******************");
15. System.out.println("*******Amount is debited from Account********");
16. }
17. }

ChequeClearenceAdvice.java

1. package com.durgasoft.advice;
2.
339

3. import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
4. import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
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5.
6.

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7. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
8. import com.durgasoft.beans.Cheque;
9.
10. public class ChequeClearenceAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {
11.
12. @Override
13. public Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {
14.
15. Object[] params = mi.getArguments();
16. Account acc = (Account)params[0];
17. Cheque cheque = (Cheque)params[1];
18.
19. System.out.println("Hello Customer!, Check No "+cheque.getCheque_No()+" is comin
g for clearence");
20. mi.proceed();
21. System.out.println("Hello Customer!, Account Number "+acc.getAccNo()+" has been d
ebited the amount "+cheque.getAmount()+" in clearence of the cheque No "+cheque.getCh
eque_No()+" , Now the total Amount in your Account is "+acc.getBalance() );
22. return null;
23. }
24.
25. }

applicationContext.java

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

13. <property name="balance" value="20000"/>

14. </bean>
Page

15. <bean id="chequeBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Cheque">

16. <property name="cheque_No" value="xyz123"/>

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17. <property name="amount" value="10000"/>
18. </bean>
19.
20. 
21. <bean id="target" class="com.durgasoft.bo.TransactionServiceImpl"/>
22.
23. 
24. <bean id="advice" class="com.durgasoft.advice.ChequeClearenceAdvice"/>
25.
26. 
27. <bean id="proxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
28. <property name="target" ref="target"/>
29. <property name="interceptorNames">
30. <list>
31. <value>advice</value>
32. </list>
33. </property>
34. </bean>
35. </beans>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5.
6. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
7. import com.durgasoft.beans.Cheque;
8. import com.durgasoft.bo.TransactionService;
9.
10. public class Test {
11.
12. public static void main(String[] args) {
13. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
14. Account account = (Account) context.getBean("accBean");
15. Cheque cheque = (Cheque) context.getBean("chequeBean");
16. TransactionService tx_Service = (TransactionService) context.getBean("proxy");
341

17. tx_Service.debit(account, cheque);

18. }
Page

19.
20. }

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AspectJ
AspectJ is well known in AOP language, it provides specialized syntax to express concerns. It
also provides tools to add a concern into the system and enables crosscutting concern and
modularization, such as logging, error checking and handling, and so on.

Spring is supporting AspectJ in the following two ways.

1. Declarative approach
2. @AspectJ annotation style approach

1. Declarative approach:
IN declarative approach, we will use Aspectj Namespace tags inorder to declare aspects, advices,
Pointcuts,......

In declarative configuration approach, all the aspect declarations are placed under the
<aop:config/> tag.

To use AOP namespace tags, we need to import the spring-aop schema.

applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w
3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/b
eans/spring-
beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.
org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">
3. <aop:config>
4. 
5. </aop:config>
6. </beans>

Note:The aop:config will contain all aspect configurations and all specific method-related
configurations, such as around, pointcut, and so on.
342

1. Declaring Aspects:
To declare aspects by using AspectJ namespace tags we have to use the following tags.
Page

<aop:config>

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<aop:aspect id="--" ref="--">
-----
</aop:aspect>
<aop:config>

 Where "id" attribute will take Aspect id value.

 Where "ref" attribute will take identity of the class ehich has declared in the configuration
file by using <bean> tag in out side of <aop:aspect> tag.

EX:

1. <beans ..... >

2. <aop:config>
3. <aop:aspect id="loggingAspect" ref="loggingAspectBean">
4. ...
5. </aop:aspect>
6. </aop:config>
7.
8. <bean id="loggingAspectBean" class="com.durgasoft.aspect.EmployeeCRUDLoggingAsp
ect" />
9. </beans>

2. Declaring Pointcuts:

A pointcut helps in determining the join points to be executed with different advices.
To declare pointcuts we have to use the following tags in configuration file.

<aop:config>
<aop:aspect id="----" ref="----">
<aop:pointcut id="----" expression="------"/>

...

</aop:aspect>

</aop:config>

 Where "id" attribute in <aop:pointcut> tag will take identity to the Pointcut.
 Where "expression" attribute in <aop:pointcut> will take AspectJ expression to define
343

expression for the business methods which are required Advices.

 Where "expression" attribute will take "execution" function with an expression.
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EX:
<aop:pointcut id="businessService" expression="execution(* com.durgasoft.service.*.*(..))"/>
In the above code, expression will repersent all java methods with any type of return type.

EX:

1. <aop:config>
2. <aop:aspect id="loggingAspect" ref="loggingAspectBean">
3.
4. <aop:pointcut id="loggingOperation" expression="execution(* com.durgasoft.service
.EmployeeService.*(..))" />
5.
6. </aop:aspect>
7. </aop:config>
8.
9. <bean id="loggingAspectBean" class="com.durgasoft.aspect.EmployeeCRUDLoggingAspe
ct" />

Examples on Pointcut Expressions:

1. execution (* com.durgasoft.service.EmployeeService.*(..))
 The above Expression matches all of the methods declared in the EmployeeService
interface
 The above expression matches methods with any modifier (public, protected, and private)
and any return type.
 The two dots in the argument list match any number of arguments.
2.execution(* EmployeeService.*(..))
 The above Expression matches all methods of EmployeeService interface which are
existed in the present package with any type of access modifier and with any return type.
3.execution(public * EmployeeService.*(..))
 The above Expression matches all public methods of EmployeService interface with any
return type.
4.execution(public Employee EmployeeService.*(..))
 The above Expression matches all public methods of EmployeeService interface with
Employee return type.

5.execution(public Employee EmployeeService.*(Employee, ..))

 The above Expression matches all methods of EmployeeService interface with Employee
return type and first parameter as Employee.
344

6.execution(public Employee EmployeeService.*(Employee, Integer))

 The above Expression matches all public methods of EmployeeService with Employee
Page

return type and with Employee as First parameter and Integer type parameter as second.
 Declaring Advices:

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Declaring Advices:
Spring AspectJ is supporting thye following five advices .

1. <aop:before> It is applied before calling the actual business logic method.

2. <aop:after> It is applied after calling the actual business logic method.
3. <aop:after-returning> it is applied after calling the actual business logic method. It can be
used to intercept the return value in advice.
4. <aop:around> It is applied before and after calling the actual business logic method.
5. <aop:after-throwing> It is applied if actual business logic method throws exception.

All the above advices tags contains "method" and "pointcut-ref" attributes, where "method" atribute
will take advice method and "pointcut-ref" attribute will take Pointcut reference whic we declared in
Configuration file.

EX:

1. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
2. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
4. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
5. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
6. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd ">
8.
9. <aop:config>
10.
11. 
12. <aop:pointcut id="loggingOperation"
13. expression="execution(* com.durgasoft.service.EmployeeService.*(..))" />
14.
15. 
16. <aop:aspect id="loggingAspect" ref="loggingAspectBean">
17.
18. 
19. <aop:before pointcut-ref="loggingOperation" method="logBefore" />
20. <aop:after pointcut-ref="loggingOperation" method="logAfter" />
21.
22. </aop:aspect>
23.
345

24.
25. </aop:config>
Page

26.
27.

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28. <bean id="loggingAspectBean" class="com.durgasoft.aspect.EmployeeCRUDLoggingAs
pect" />
29.
30. 
31. <bean id="employeeManager" class="com.durgasoft.service.EmployeeServiceImpl" />
32.
33. </beans>

Steps to prepare Application by using AspectJ namespace tags

1. Declare Beans.
2. Declare Service interface
3. Declare Service interface implementation class.
4. Create Aspect class
5. Prepare Spring Configuration file.
6. Prepare Test Application

Example On AOP namespace tags

Employee.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Employee {
4. private int eno;
5. private String ename;
6. private float esal;
7. private String eaddr;
8.
9. public int getEno() {
10. return eno;
11. }
12. public void setEno(int eno) {
13. this.eno = eno;
14. }
15. public String getEname() {
16. return ename;
17. }
18. public void setEname(String ename) {
19. this.ename = ename;
346

20. }
21. public float getEsal() {
Page

22. return esal;

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23. }
24. public void setEsal(float esal) {
25. this.esal = esal;
26. }
27. public String getEaddr() {
28. return eaddr;
29. }
30. public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
31. this.eaddr = eaddr;
32. }
33.
34.
35. }

EmployeeService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
4.
5. public interface EmployeeService {
6. public String createEmployee(Employee emp)throws Exception;
7. public Employee searchEmployee(int eno);
8. public String updateEmployee(Employee emp);
9. public String deleteEmployee(Employee emp);
10. }

EmployeeServiceImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
4.
5. public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService {
6.
7. @Override
8. public String createEmployee(Employee emp){
9. System.out.println("Employee "+emp.getEno()+" Inserted Successfully from createEm
ployee()");
347

10.
11. return "Success";
Page

12. }
13.

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14. @Override
15. public Employee searchEmployee(int eno) {
16. System.out.println("Employee "+eno+" Existed from serachEmployee()");
17. return null;
18. }
19.
20. @Override
21. public String updateEmployee(Employee emp) {
22. System.out.println("Employee "+emp.getEno()+" Updated Successfully from updateE
mployee()");
23. return "Success";
24. }
25.
26. @Override
27. public String deleteEmployee(Employee emp) {
28. System.out.println("Employee "+emp.getEno()+" Deleted Successfully from deleteEmp
loyee()");
29. return null;
30. }
31.
32. }

LoggingAspectBean.java

1. package com.durgasoft.aspects;
2.
3. import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
4. import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
5. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
6. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
7. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
8. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
9. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
10. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
11. public class LoggingAspectBean {
12. public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
13. System.out.println("Before "+jp.getSignature().getName()+" method execution");
14. }
15. public void after(JoinPoint jp) {
348

16. System.out.println("After "+jp.getSignature().getName()+" method execution");

17. }
Page

18. public void afterReturning(JoinPoint jp, Object result) {

19. System.out.println("After Returning "+result+" from "+jp.getSignature().getName());

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20. }
21. public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint jp) {
22. System.out.println("Before "+jp.getSignature().getName()+"execution from around Adv
ice");
23. try {
24. jp.proceed();
25. } catch (Throwable e) {
26. e.printStackTrace();
27. }
28. System.out.println("After "+jp.getSignature().getName()+"execution from around Advic
e");
29. }
30. public void afterThrowing(JoinPoint jp, Throwable exception) {
31. System.out.println("After throwing "+exception+" from "+jp.getSignature().getName()+"
method");
32.
33. }
34. }

applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

17. <bean id="empService" class="com.durgasoft.service.EmployeeServiceImpl"/>

18.
Page

19.

20. <bean id="loggingAspectBean" class="com.durgasoft.aspects.LoggingAspectBean"/>

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21.
22. <aop:config>
23. <aop:aspect id="loggingAspect" ref="loggingAspectBean">
24. <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.durgasoft.service.EmployeeService.*(..))
" id="empPointcut"/>
25.
26. <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="empPointcut"/>
27. <aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="empPointcut"/>
28. <aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut-
ref="empPointcut" returning="result"/>
29. <aop:around method="around" pointcut-ref="empPointcut"/>
30.
31. <aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing" throwing="exception" pointcut-
ref="empPointcut"/>
32. </aop:aspect>
33. </aop:config>
34.
35. </beans>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5.
6. import com.durgasoft.beans.Employee;
7. import com.durgasoft.service.EmployeeService;
8.
9. public class Test {
10. public static void main(String[] args) {
11. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
12. EmployeeService empService = (EmployeeService)context.getBean("empService");
13. Employee emp = (Employee) context.getBean("empBean");
14. String message = "";
15. try {
16. message = empService.createEmployee(emp);
17. } catch (Exception e) {
350

18.
19. }
Page

20. System.out.println(message);
21. }

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22. }

Example:

Show.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Show {
4. private String name;
5. private String time;
6. private int price;
7.
8. public String getName() {
9. return name;
10. }
11. public void setName(String name) {
12. this.name = name;
13. }
14. public String getTime() {
15. return time;
16. }
17. public void setTime(String time) {
18. this.time = time;
19. }
20. public int getPrice() {
21. return price;
22. }
23. public void setPrice(int price) {
24. this.price = price;
25. }
26. }

ShowService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Show;
4.
351

5. public interface ShowService {

6. public String runShow(Show show)throws RuntimeException;
Page

7. }

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8.
9. ShowServiceImpl.java
10. ---------------------
11. package com.durgasoft.service;
12.
13. import com.durgasoft.beans.Show;
14.
15. public class ShowServiceImpl implements ShowService {
16.
17. @Override
18. public String runShow(Show show)throws RuntimeException {
19. System.out.println("******Show "+show.getName()+" Start****");
20. System.out.println("Show "+show.getName()+" is Running Successfully");
21. if(!show.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("Mimicry")) {
22. throw new RuntimeException();
23. }
24. System.out.println("******Show "+show.getName()+" End****");
25. return "success";
26. }
27. }

ShowAspect.java

1. package com.durgasoft.aspect;
2.
3. import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
4.
5. public class ShowAspect {
6. public void before() {
7. System.out.println("Get Tickets for the Show");
8. }
9. public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint jp) {
10. System.out.println("Show is Ready To start, Take Chairs and Keep mobiles in Silent m
ode");
11. try {
12. jp.proceed();
13. } catch (Throwable e) {
14. e.printStackTrace();
15. }
352

16. System.out.println("Show Completed just now, Check your Laguages");

17. }
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18. public void after() {

19. System.out.println("Show is over , quit from Hall");

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20. }
21. public void afterReturning() {
22. System.out.println("Tankq for attending Show");
23. }
24.
25. public void afterThrowing() {
26. System.out.println("There is an Interruption in show, because, Show is not Mimicry sh
ow");
27. }
28. }

applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

rvice.runShow(com.durgasoft.beans.Show))" id="showPointcut"/>
25.
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26. <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="showPointcut"/>

27.

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28. <aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="showPointcut"/>
29. <aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut-ref="showPointcut"/>
30. <aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing" pointcut-ref="showPointcut" />
31. </aop:aspect>
32. </aop:config>
33. </beans>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5.
6. import com.durgasoft.beans.Show;
7. import com.durgasoft.service.ShowService;
8.
9. public class Test {
10.
11. public static void main(String[] args) {
12. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
13. Show show = (Show) context.getBean("showBean");
14. ShowService showService = (ShowService) context.getBean("showService");
15. try {
16. showService.runShow(show);
17. } catch (RuntimeException e) {
18. //System.out.println(e.getMessage());
19. }
20. }
21. }

2. @AspectJ annotation style approach :

Spring Framework supporting Annotations to support AspectJ implementation in the form of
"org.aspectj.lang.annotation" package.

Spring AspectJ AOP implementation provides the following annotations:

1. @Aspect: It will declare a class as an aspect.

354

2. @Pointcut: It will declare a pointcut expression.

3. @Before: It will declare before advice, It will be executed before executing the actual
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Business method.

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4. @After: It will declare after advice, It will be executed after executing the actual Business
method and before returning result.
5. @AfterReturning: It declares after returning advice, It will be executed after calling the
actual Business method and after returning result.
6. @Around: It declares around advice, It will be executed before and after calling the actual
Business method.
7. @AfterThrowing: It declares the throws advice, It will be executed if the actual Business
method throws exception.

Note: To activate all the above annotations in Spring applications we have to use <aop:aspectj-
autoproxy/> tag in spring configuration file.

Example:

Account.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Account {
4. private String accNo;
5. private String accName;
6. private String accType;
7. private int balance;
8.
9. public String getAccNo() {
10. return accNo;
11. }
12. public void setAccNo(String accNo) {
13. this.accNo = accNo;
14. }
15. public String getAccName() {
16. return accName;
17. }
18. public void setAccName(String accName) {
19. this.accName = accName;
20. }
21. public String getAccType() {
22. return accType;
23. }
355

24. public void setAccType(String accType) {

25. this.accType = accType;
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26. }

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27. public int getBalance() {
28. return balance;
29. }
30. public void setBalance(int balance) {
31. this.balance = balance;
32. }
33.
34.
35. }

TransactionService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
4. import com.durgasoft.exceptions.InsufficientFundsException;
5.
6. public interface TransactionService {
7. public String withdraw(Account acc, int wd_Amt)throws InsufficientFundsException;
8. }

TransactionServiceImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
4.
5. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
6. import com.durgasoft.exceptions.InsufficientFundsException;
7.
8. @Component("transaction")
9. public class TransactionServiceImpl implements TransactionService {
10.
11. @Override
12. public String withdraw(Account acc, int wd_Amt) throws InsufficientFundsException {
13. String status = "";
14. if(acc.getBalance() > wd_Amt) {
15. int total_Bal = acc.getBalance() - wd_Amt;
16. acc.setBalance(total_Bal);
356

17. System.out.println("From withdraw(): Transaction Withdraw Completed ");

18. status = "SUCCESS";
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19. }else {
20. status = "FAILURE";

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21. throw new InsufficientFundsException("Funds are not Sufficient in Account");
22. }
23. return status;
24. }
25. }

InsufficientFundsException.java

1. package com.durgasoft.exceptions;
2.
3. public class InsufficientFundsException extends Exception {
4. public InsufficientFundsException(String desc) {
5. super(desc);
6. }
7. }

TransactionAspect.java

1. package com.durgasoft.aspect;
2.
3. import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
4. import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
5. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
6. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
7. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
8. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
9. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
10. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
11. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
12.
13. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
14. import com.durgasoft.exceptions.InsufficientFundsException;
15. @Component("aspect")
16. @Aspect
17. public class TransactionAspect {
18. @Before("execution(* com.durgasoft.service.TransactionService.*(..))")
19. public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
20. Object[] args = jp.getArgs();
21. Account acc = (Account) args[0];
357

22. System.out.println("Before Advice : Initial Balance :"+acc.getBalance());

23. }
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24.
25. @After("execution(* com.durgasoft.service.TransactionService.*(..))")

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26. public void after(JoinPoint jp) {
27. Object[] args = jp.getArgs();
28. Account acc = (Account) args[0];
29. System.out.println("After Advice : Total Balance :"+acc.getBalance());
30. }
31.
32. @AfterReturning(pointcut="execution(* com.durgasoft.service.TransactionService.*(..))",

33. returning="result")
34. public void afterReturning(JoinPoint jp, String result) {
35. System.out.println("After Returning Advice: Transaction Status :"+result);
36. }
37.
38. @Around("execution(* com.durgasoft.service.TransactionService.*(..))")
39. public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint jp) {
40. System.out.println("Around Advice : Before "+jp.getSignature().getName()+" Method E
xecution");
41. String status = "";
42. try {
43. status = (String)jp.proceed();
44. } catch (Throwable e) {
45. e.printStackTrace();
46. }
47. System.out.println("Around Advice : After "+jp.getSignature().getName()+" Method Ex
ecution");
48. System.out.println("Around Advice : Transaction Status :"+status);
49. }
50.
51. //@AfterThrowing(pointcut="execution(* com.durgasoft.service.TransactionService.*(..))",

52. //throwing="exception")
53. public void afterThrowing(JoinPoint jp, InsufficientFundsException exception) {
54. System.out.println("After Throwing Advice : "+exception.getClass().getName()+" In Tra
nsaction :"+exception.getMessage());
55. }
56. }

applicationContext.xml
358

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <!--
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3. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
4. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

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5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/sche
ma/beans/spring-beans.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/
aop/spring-aop.xsd">
9. -->
10.
11. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
12. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
13. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
14. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
15. xsi:schemaLocation="
16. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/sche
ma/beans/spring-beans.xsd
17. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/
aop/spring-aop.xsd
18. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
19. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
20.
21. <context:annotation-config/>
22. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.service"/>
23. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.aspect"/>
24. <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
25. 
26. <bean id="accBean" class="com.durgasoft.beans.Account">
27. <property name="accNo" value="abc123"/>
28. <property name="accName" value="Durga"/>
29. <property name="accType" value="Savings"/>
30. <property name="balance" value="20000"/>
31. </bean>
32. 
39. </beans>
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Test.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft.test;

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2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5.
6. import com.durgasoft.beans.Account;
7. import com.durgasoft.exceptions.InsufficientFundsException;
8. import com.durgasoft.service.TransactionService;
9.
10. public class Test {
11.
12. public static void main(String[] args) {
13. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
14. Account acc = (Account) context.getBean("accBean");
15. TransactionService txService = (TransactionService) context.getBean("transaction");
16. try {
17. txService.withdraw(acc,50000);
18. } catch (InsufficientFundsException e) {
19. //e.printStackTrace();
20. }
21.
22. }
23. }

360
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{SPRING ORM}

361
Page

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SPRING ORM MODULE INDEX
1. Spring ORM…………………………………..……………………………..….…..PAGE 363
2. Application on Spring-Hibernate integration………..…………..…..PAGE 371
3. JPA[Java Persistence API]…………………………………………….………PAGE 377
4. Integration of JPA with Spring application in ORM Module……PAGE 391

362
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Spring ORM
Spring ORM:
In enterprise applications both the data models are having their own approaches to represent data
in effective manner, these differences are able to provide Paradiagm Mismatches, these
mismatches are able to reduce data persistency in enterprise applications.

In general, Object Oriented Data Model and Relational data model are having the following
mismatches.
1. Granualarity Mismatch
2. Sub types mismatch
3. Associations Mismatch
4. Identity Mismatch

To improve Data persistency in Enterprise applications we have to resolve the above specified
mismtahces between Data models, for this, we have to use "ORM" implementations.

To implement ORM in Enterprise applications we have to use the following ORM implementations.
1. EJBs-Entity Beans
2. JPA
3. Hibernate
4. IBatis
5. JDO

If we want to use Hibernate in enterprise applications then we have to use the following sateps.
1) Persistence Class or Object.
2) Prepare Mapping File.
3) Prepare Hibernate Configuration File
4) Prepare Hibernate Client Application

To prepare Hibernate Client Application we have to use the following steps.

1. Create Configuration class object
2. Create SessionFactory object
3. Create Session Object
4. Create Transaction object if it is required.
5. Persistence operations
6. Close Session Factory and Session objects.

Example:
363

1. Configuration cfg = new Configuration();

2. cfg.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
Page

3. SessionFactory session_Factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();

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4. Session session = session_Factory.openSession();
5. Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
6. Employee emp = new Employee();
7. emp.setEno(111);
8. emp.setEname("AAA");
9. emp.setEsal(5000);
10. emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
11. session.save(emp);
12. tx.commit();
13. System.out.println("Employee Record inserted Succesfully");
14. session.close();
15. session_Factory.close();

To remove the above boilerplate code, SPRING Framework has provided ORM Module.
Spring has provided the complete ORM module in the form of "org.springframework.orm"
package.

To abstract the above boilerplate code Spring-ORM module has provided a predefined class in
the fomr of "org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate" w.r.t Hibernate4 version

Note: If we use Hibernate3.x version then we have to use

"org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate" class.

org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate class has provided the following methods

inorder to perform persistence operations.

1. public void persist(Object entity)

2. public Serializable save(Object entity)
3. public void saveOrUpdate(Object entity)
4. public void update(Object entity)
5. public void delete(Object entity)
6. public Object get(Class entityClass, Serializable id)
7. public Object load(Class entityClass, Serializable id)
8. public List loadAll(Class entityClass)
If we want to Integrate Hibernate with Spring then we have to use the following steps.

1) Create Java Project with both Spring[including ORM] and Hibernate Libraries.
2) Create Bean/POJO class.
3) Prepare Hibernate Mapping File
364

4) Create DAO interface with persistence methods.

5) Create DAO implementation class with HibernateTemplate as property.
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6) Prepare Spring Configuration File

7) Prepare Client Application

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1. Create Java Project with both Spring[including ORM] and Hibernate Libraries.

Prepare JAVA project in Eclipse IDE and add the following JAR files to Buildpath in the form of the
following Libraries.

Spring4_Lib:
spring-aop-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-beans-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-jdbc-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
commons-io-2.6.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-tx-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-aspects-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar
spring-orm-4.0.4.RELEASE.jar

Hibernate4_Lib:
ojdbc6.jar
antlr-2.7.7.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.5.Final.jar
hibernate-core-4.3.11.Final.jar
hibernate-jpa-2.1-api-1.0.0.Final.jar
jandex-1.1.0.Final.jar
javassist-3.18.1-GA.jar
jboss-logging-3.1.3.GA.jar
jboss-logging-annotations-1.2.0.Beta1.jar
jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar
hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.11.Final.jar

2. Create Bean/POJO class.

1. public class Student{

2. private String sid;
3. private String sname;
4. private String saddr;
365

5. setXXX() and getXXX()

6. }
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3. Prepare Hibernate Mapping File:

Student.hbm.xml

1. <!DOCTYPE ---- >

2. <hibernate-mapping>
3. <class name="com.durgasoft.pojo.Student" table="student">
4. <id name="sid" column="SID"/>
5. <property name="sname" column="SNAME"/>
6. <property name="saddr" column="SADDR"/>
7. </class>
8. </hibernate-mapping>

4. Create DAO interface with persistence methods.

The main intention of DAO interface is to declare all Services.

EX:

1. public interface StudentDao {

2. public String insert(Student std);
3. public String update(Student std);
4. public String delete(Student std);
5. public Employee getStudent(int eno);
6. }

5. Create DAO implementation class with HibernateTemplate as property.

The main intention of DAO implementation class is to implement all DAO methods. In DAO
implementation class every DAO method must be declared with @Transactional annotation
inorder to activate Spring Transaction Service.
Note: If we use @Transactional annotation then it is not required to create Transaction object
explicitly and iit is not required to perform commit and rollback operations explicitly.

In DAO implementation class we must declare HibernateTemplate property and its respective
setXXX() method inorder to inject HibernateTemplate object.
Example:

1. public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

366

2. String status = "";

3. private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
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4. public void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {

5. this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;

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6. }
7.
8. @Transactional
9. public String insert(Student std) {
10. try {
11. hibernateTemplate.save(std);
12. status = "Insertion Success";
13. }catch(Exception ex) {
14. ex.printStackTrace();
15. status = "Insertion Failure";
16. }
17. return status;
18. }
19.
20. @Transactional
21. public String update(Student std) {
22. try {
23. hibernateTemplate.update(std);
24. status = "Updations Success";
25. }catch(Exception ex) {
26. ex.printStackTrace();
27. status = "Updations Failure";
28. }
29. return status;
30. }
31.
32. @Transactional
33. public String delete(Student std) {
34. try {
35. hibernateTemplate.delete(std);
36. status = "Deletion Success";
37. }catch(Exception ex) {
38. ex.printStackTrace();
39. status = "Deletion Failure";
40. }
41. return status;
42.
43. }
44.
367

45. @Transactional
46. public Employee getStudent(int sid) {
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47. Student std = null;

48. try {

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49. std = (Student)hibernateTemplate.get(Student.class, sid);
50. }catch(Exception ex) {
51. ex.printStackTrace();
52. }
53. return std;
54. }
55. }

6. Prepare Spring Configuration File:

In Spring Configuration File we must configure the following beans

1. DriverManagerDataSource
2. LocalSessionFactoryBean
3. HibernateTransactionManager
4. HibernateTemplate
5. StudentDaoImpl

 Where org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource configuration is

able to provide Spring inbuilt Connectionpooling Mechanism and it will include the
properties liike "driverClassName, url, username, password".

 Where org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean configuration is able

to create SessionFactory object by including the properties like
1. dataSource : represents DataSource bean which was configured in Spring
Configuration file.
2. mappingResources: It will take list of values contains mapping files in the
form of "<list>" tag.
3. hibernateProperties: It will take hibernate properties in the form of
"<props>" tag, it must includes mainly "hibernate.dialect" property.

 Where org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager configuration

will activate Transaction Manager inorder to provide Transaction Support and it will include
"sessionFactory" property.

 Where org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate configuration will provide

HibernateTemplate object inorder to perform persistence operations and it will include
"sessionFactory" and "checkWriteOperations" with false value.

 Where com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDaoImpl configuration will provide DAO object inorder to

368

access Dao methods and it will include "hibernateTemplate" property.

Note: To use @Transactional annotation in DAO methods , we must use " <tx:annotation-
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driven/>" tag in spring configuration file.

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Example:

applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
13.
14. <bean name="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerD
ataSource">
15. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
16. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
17. <property name="username" value="system"/>
18. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
19. </bean>
20. <bean name="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionF
actoryBean">
21. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
22. <property name="mappingResources">
23. <list>
24. <value>Student.hbm.xml</value>
25. </list>
26. </property>
27. <property name="hibernateProperties">
28. <props>
29. <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>
30. <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
31. </props>
32. </property>
33. </bean>
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34. <tx:annotation-driven/>
35. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTra
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nsactionManager">
36. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>

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37. </bean>
38.
39. <bean name="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateT
emplate">
40. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
41. <property name="checkWriteOperations" value="false"></property>
42. </bean>
43. <bean name="stdDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDaoImpl">
44. <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"/>
45. </bean>
46. </beans>

7. Prepare Client Application

The main intention of Client Application is to get Dao object and to access Dao object.
Example:

1. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml

");
2. StudentDao stdDao = (StudentDao)context.getBean("stdDao");
3. Student std = new Student();
4. std.setSid("S-111");
5. std.setSname("AAA");
6. std.setSaddr("Hyd");
7. String status = stdDao.insert(std);
8. System.out.println(status);
9. or
10. Student std = (Student)stdDao.getStudent(Student.class,"S-111");
11. System.out.println("Student Details");
12. System.out.println("--------------------");
13. System.out.println("Student Id :"+std.getSid());
14. System.out.println("Student Name :"+std.getSname());
15. System.out.println("Student Address :"+std.getSaddr());
16. or
17. Student std = new Student();
18. std.setSid("S-111");
19. std.setSname("BBB");
20. std.setSaddr("Hyd");
21. String status = stdDao.update(std);
370

22. System.out.println(status);
23. or
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24. String status = stdDao.delete("S-111");

25. System.out.println(status);

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Application on Spring-Hibernate integration
Application on Spring-Hibernate integration:

Employee.java

1. package com.durgasoft.pojo;
2.
3. public class Employee {
4. private int eno;
5. private String ename;
6. private float esal;
7. private String eaddr;
8.
9. public int getEno() {
10. return eno;
11. }
12. public void setEno(int eno) {
13. this.eno = eno;
14. }
15. public String getEname() {
16. return ename;
17. }
18. public void setEname(String ename) {
19. this.ename = ename;
20. }
21. public float getEsal() {
22. return esal;
23. }
24. public void setEsal(float esal) {
25. this.esal = esal;
26. }
27. public String getEaddr() {
28. return eaddr;
29. }
30. public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
31. this.eaddr = eaddr;
32. }
371

33.
34. public String toString() {
35. return "["+eno+","+ename+","+esal+","+eaddr+"]";
Page

36. }

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37.
38. }

EmployeeDao.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.pojo.Employee;
4.
5. public interface EmployeeDao {
6. public String insert(Employee e);
7. public String update(Employee e);
8. public String delete(Employee e);
9. public Employee getEmployee(int eno);
10. }

EmployeeDaoImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2. import org.hibernate.FlushMode;
3. import org.hibernate.Transaction;
4. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate;
5. import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
6.
7. import com.durgasoft.pojo.Employee;
8.
9. public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao {
10. String status = "";
11. private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
12. public void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {
13. this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;
14.
15. }
16.
17. @Override
18. @Transactional
19. public String insert(Employee e) {
20. try {
21. hibernateTemplate.save(e);
372

22. status = "Insertion Success";

23. }catch(Exception ex) {
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24. ex.printStackTrace();
25. status = "Insertion Failure";

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26. }
27. return status;
28. }
29.
30. @Override
31. @Transactional
32. public String update(Employee e) {
33. try {
34. hibernateTemplate.update(e);
35. status = "Updations Success";
36. }catch(Exception ex) {
37. ex.printStackTrace();
38. status = "Updations Failure";
39. }
40. return status;
41. }
42.
43. @Override
44. @Transactional
45. public String delete(Employee e) {
46. try {
47. hibernateTemplate.delete(e);
48. status = "Deletion Success";
49. }catch(Exception ex) {
50. ex.printStackTrace();
51. status = "Deletion Failure";
52. }
53. return status;
54.
55. }
56.
57. @Override
58. @Transactional
59. public Employee getEmployee(int eno) {
60. Employee emp = null;
61. try {
62. emp = (Employee)hibernateTemplate.get(Employee.class, eno);
63. }catch(Exception ex) {
64. ex.printStackTrace();
373

65. }
66. return emp;
Page

67. }
68. }

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Employee.hbm.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
3. "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
4. "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
5. <hibernate-mapping>
6. <class name="com.durgasoft.pojo.Employee" table="emp1">
7. <id name="eno" column="ENO"/>
8. <property name="ename" column="ENAME"/>
9. <property name="esal" column="ESAL"/>
10. <property name="eaddr" column="EADDR"/>
11. </class>
12. </hibernate-mapping>

applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
13.
14.
15. <bean name="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerD
ataSource">
16. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
17. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
18. <property name="username" value="system"/>
19. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
20. </bean>
21. <bean name="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionF
374

actoryBean">
22. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
Page

23. <property name="mappingResources">

24. <list>

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25. <value>Employee.hbm.xml</value>
26. </list>
27. </property>
28. <property name="hibernateProperties">
29. <props>
30. <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>
31. 
32. <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
33. </props>
34. </property>
35. </bean>
36. <tx:annotation-driven/>
37. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTra
nsactionManager">
38. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
39. </bean>
40.
41. <bean name="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateT
emplate">
42. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
43. <property name="checkWriteOperations" value="false"></property>
44. </bean>
45. <bean name="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl">
46. <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"/>
47. </bean>
48. </beans>

Test.java

11.
12. public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
Page

13. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte

xt.xml");

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BY NAGOOR BABU
14. EmployeeDao empDao = (EmployeeDao)context.getBean("empDao");
15. Employee emp = new Employee();
16. emp.setEno(111);
17. emp.setEname("AAA");
18. emp.setEsal(5000);
19. emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
20. String status = empDao.insert(emp);
21. System.out.println(status);
22. System.out.println(empDao.getEmployee(111));
23.
24.
25. }
26.
27. }

376
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
JPA[Java Persistence API]

JPA[Java Persistence API]

Introduction:
 JPA is a an API , it can be used to perform database operations in enterprise applications
with ORM implementation tools.

 JPA was provided by J2EE along with EJB3.0 version as a persistence mechanism.

 JPA is a specification provided by SUN Microsystems and it is implemented by some third

party vendors like JBOSS, Eclipse Foundations, Apache......

 JPA is following ORM rules regulations to achieve data persistency in enterprise

applications and it is implemented by the following tools.

1. Hibernate ---------> JBOSS

2. EclipseLink -------> Eclipse Foundation
3. Open JPA --------> Apache Software Foundations
Note: If we want to use JPA in enterprise applications then we must use either of the JPA
implementations.

If we want to prepare JPA applications with "Hibernate" JPA provider then we have to use the
following steps.
1. Create Java project in Eclipse with JPA library which includes all Hibernate JARs.
2. Create Entity class under src folder.
3. Create mapping File or Use JPA annotations in POJO class.
4. Create JPA configuration File[persistence.xml]
5. Create Test Application.

1. Create Java project in Eclipse with JPA library which includes all Hibernate JARs.

This step is same as Java project creation and it will include JPA provider Library that is Hibernate
jars.

2. Create Entity class under src folder.

377

Student.java

1. package com.durgasoft.entity;
Page

2. public class Student{

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3. private String sid;
4. private String sname;
5. private String saddr;
6. setXXX() and getXXX()
7. }

3. Create mapping File or Use JPA annotations in POJO class.

It is same as Hibernate mapping file, it will provide mapping between Object Oriented Data model
elements like class, Id property, normal properties with the relational data model elements like
Table name, Primary Key Columns, normal columns,....

EX:

Student.xml

1. <hibernate-mapping>
2. <class name="com.durgasoft.entity.Student" table="student">
3. <id name="sid" column="SID"/>
4. <property name="sname" column="SNAME"/>
5. <property name="saddr" column="SADDR"/>
6. </class>
7. </hibernate-mapping>

4. Create JPA configuration File[persistence.xml]

JPA configuration File is same as Hibernate COnfiguration File, it include all JPA configuration
details which are required to interact with database .

IN general, we will provide the following configuration details in JPA configuration file.
1. Jdbc Parameters like Driver class name, Driver URL, Database user name, Database
password.
2. Dialect configurations
3. Mapping File or Annotated classes configuration
4. Cache Mechanisms configurations
5. Transactions configurations

The default name of the JPA configuration file is "persistence.xml".

378

Ex persistence.xml:
Page

1. <persistence>

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2. <persistence-unit name="std">
3. 
4. <mapping-file>Student.xml</mapping-file>
5. <properties>
6. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
7. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521
:xe"/>
8. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="system"/>
9. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="durga"/>
10. <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect"/>

11. <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>

12. <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
13. </properties>
14. </persistence-unit>
15. </persistence>

 Where <persistence> tag is root tag in JPA configuration File.

 Where <mapping-file> tag is able to take mapping file configuration
 where <propertis> tag will include JPA properties.
 Where <property> tag will take a single JPA property like driver class name, driver url,....

5. Create Test Application:

The main intention of Test /Client application is to perform persistence operations .

To prepare Test application in JPA we have to use the following steps.

1. Create EntityManagerFactory Object.
2. Create EntityManager Object.
3. Create EntityTransaction Object as per the requirement
4. Perform Persistence operation
5. Perform Commit or rollback operations if we use EntityTransaction.

1. Create EntityManagerFactory Object:

javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory is a Factory class, it able to manage no of EntityManager

object.
To get EntitymanagerFactory class object we have to use the following method from
javax.persistence.Persistence class.
379

public static EntityManagerFactory createEntityManagerFactory(String

persistence_Unit_Name);
Page

EX: EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntitymanagerFactory("std");

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2. Create EntityManager Object:

javax.persistence.EntityManager is an interface, it able to provide predefined Library to perform

persistence operations.
To get EntityManager object we have to use the following method from EntiotyManagerFactory.

public EntityManager createEntityManager()

EX: EntityManager entManager = factory.createEntitymanager();

3. Create EntityTransaction Object as per the requirement

javax.persistence.EntityTransaction is a class, it able to provide Tranmsaction support in JPA

applications inorder to perform persistence operations.
To get EntityTramsaction object we have to use the following method from EntityManager.

public EntityTransaction getTransaction()

EX: EntityTransaction entTransaction = entManager.getTransaction();

Note: EntityTransaction contains the following methods inorder to complete Transaction.

public void commit()

public void rollback()

Note: EntityTranmsaction is required for only non select operations only, not for select operations.

4. Perform Persistence operation:

To perform Persistence operations we have to use the following methods from EntityManager
object.

1. public Object find(Class entity_Class, Serializable pk_Value)

2. public void persist(Object obj)
3. public void remove(Object obj)

Note: To perform Updations , first we have to get Entity object from Database table by using find()
method then we have to use set New data to Entity Object then perform commit operation.
380

EX:
Page

1. EntityTransaction entTranction = entManager.getTransaction();

2. entTransaction.begin();

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3. Student std = (Student)entManager.find(Student.class, "S-111");
4. std.setSname("BBB'");
5. std.setSaddr("Sec");
6. entTransaction.commit();
7. System.out.println("Student Updated Successfully");

EX:

Test.java

1. public class Test {

2.
3. public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
4. EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("std");
5. EntityManager entManager = factory.createEntityManager();
6. Student std = new Student();
7. std.setSid("S-111");
8. std.setSname("AAA");
9. std.setSaddr("Hyd");
10. EntityTransaction tx = entManager.getTransaction();
11. tx.begin();
12. entManager.persist(std);
13. tx.commit();
14. System.out.println("Student Inserted Succssfully");
15. }
16. }

Simple JPA Example with XML Mapping File:

Employee.java

1. package com.durgasoft.pojo;
2. public class Employee {
3. private int eno;
4. private String ename;
5. private float esal;
6. private String eaddr;
381

7. public int getEno() {

8. return eno;
Page

9. }

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BY NAGOOR BABU
10. public void setEno(int eno) {
11. this.eno = eno;
12. }
13. public String getEname() {
14. return ename;
15. }
16. public void setEname(String ename) {
17. this.ename = ename;
18. }
19. public float getEsal() {
20. return esal;
21. }
22. public void setEsal(float esal) {
23. this.esal = esal;
24. }
25. public String getEaddr() {
26. return eaddr;
27. }
28. public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
29. this.eaddr = eaddr;
30. }
31. }

Employee.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

src/META-INF/persistence.xml
382

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Page

2. <persistence xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

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3. xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/p
ersistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
4. version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence">
5. <persistence-unit name="emp">
6. 
7. <mapping-file>Employee.xml</mapping-file>
8. <properties>
9. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
10. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521
:xe"/>
11. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="system"/>
12. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="durga"/>
13. <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect"/>

14. <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>

15. <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
16. </properties>
17. </persistence-unit>
18. </persistence>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
4. import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
5. import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
6. import javax.persistence.Persistence;
7.
8. import com.durgasoft.pojo.Employee;
9.
10. public class Test {
11.
12. public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
13. EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("emp");
14. EntityManager entManager = factory.createEntityManager();
15. Employee emp = new Employee();
16. emp.setEno(111);
17. emp.setEname("AAA");
383

18. emp.setEsal(5000);
19. emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
Page

20. EntityTransaction tx = entManager.getTransaction();

21. tx.begin();

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22. entManager.persist(emp);
23. tx.commit();
24. System.out.println("Employee Inserted Succssfully");
25. }
26. }

Simple JPA Example with Annotations:

If we want to use Annotations in JPA application then we have to use the following steps.

1.Use javax.persistence provided annotations in Entity class:

1. @Entity
2. @Table
3. @Id
4. @Column

2. Configure Annotated class in persistence.xml file:

1. <persistence>
2. <persistence-unit name="std">
3. <class>com.durgasoft.entity.Student</class>
4. ------
5. </persistence-unit>
6. </persistence>

Example:

Employee.java

1. package com.durgasoft.pojo;
2.
3. import javax.persistence.Column;
4. import javax.persistence.Entity;
5. import javax.persistence.Id;
6. import javax.persistence.Table;
7.
8. @Entity
9. @Table(name="emp2")
10. public class Employee {
384

11. @Id
12. @Column(name="ENO")
Page

13. private int eno;

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14. @Column(name="ENAME")
15. private String ename;
16. @Column(name="ESAL")
17. private float esal;
18. @Column(name="EADDR")
19. private String eaddr;
20. public int getEno() {
21. return eno;
22. }
23. public void setEno(int eno) {
24. this.eno = eno;
25. }
26. public String getEname() {
27. return ename;
28. }
29. public void setEname(String ename) {
30. this.ename = ename;
31. }
32. public float getEsal() {
33. return esal;
34. }
35. public void setEsal(float esal) {
36. this.esal = esal;
37. }
38. public String getEaddr() {
39. return eaddr;
40. }
41. public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
42. this.eaddr = eaddr;
43. }
44.
45.
46. }

src/META-INF/persistence.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <persistence xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3. xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/p
385

ersistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
4. version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence">
Page

5. <persistence-unit name="emp">
6. <class>com.durgasoft.pojo.Employee</class>

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7. 
8. <properties>
9. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
10. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521
:xe"/>
11. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="system"/>
12. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="durga"/>
13. <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect"/>

14. <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>

15. <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
16. </properties>
17. </persistence-unit>
18. </persistence>

Test.java

23. tx.commit();
24. System.out.println("Employee Inserted Succssfully");
Page

25. }
26. }

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JPA With ECLIPSE Link Implementattion:

If we want to use JPA with EclipseLink implementation then we have to use the following steps.
1. Create JPA project.
2. Create Entity Class with Annotations
3. Create JPA configuration File
4. Create Test Application

1. Create JPA project.

1. Right Click on "Project Explorer".

2. Select on "New".
3. Select "Others"
4. Search and Select JPA Project
5. Click on "Next" button.
6. Provide package name:app6
7. Click on "next" button.
8. Click on "Next" button.
9. Click on "Download Libraries" icon.
10. Select EclipseLink2.5.2 library.
11. Click on "Next" button.
12. Select "Check box" of Accepct Licence of this Aggrement.
13. Click on "Finish" Button.
14. Click on "Finish" button.
15. Click on "Open Perspective".

With these steps JPA project will be created in projects Explorer part..

2. Create Entity Class with Annotations

Create package "com.durgasoft.entity" under src folder and create Entity class.

Employee.java

1. package com.durgasoft.entity;
2. import java.io.Serializable;
3. import java.lang.String;
4. import javax.persistence.*;
387

5. @Entity
6. @Table(name="emp1")
7. public class Employee implements Serializable {
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
9.
10. @Id
11. @Column(name="ENO")
12. private int eno;
13. @Column(name="ENAME")
14. private String ename;
15. @Column(name="ESAL")
16. private float esal;
17. @Column(name="EADDR")
18. private String eaddr;
19. private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
20.
21. public Employee() {
22. super();
23. }
24. public int getEno() {
25. return this.eno;
26. }
27.
28. public void setEno(int eno) {
29. this.eno = eno;
30. }
31. public String getEname() {
32. return this.ename;
33. }
34.
35. public void setEname(String ename) {
36. this.ename = ename;
37. }
38. public float getEsal() {
39. return this.esal;
40. }
41.
42. public void setEsal(float esal) {
43. this.esal = esal;
44. }
45. public String getEaddr() {
46. return this.eaddr;
47. }
388

48.
49. public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
Page

50. this.eaddr = eaddr;

51. }

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52.
53. }

3. Create JPA configuration File

Open persistence.xml file which is existed under"src\META-INF" folder and provide the following
details.
persistence.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http
://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/x
ml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
3. <persistence-unit name="emp">
4. <class>com.durgasoft.entity.Employee</class>
5. <properties>
6. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
7. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/
>
8. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="system"/>
9. <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="durga"/>
10. </properties>
11. </persistence-unit>
12. </persistence>

4. Create Test Application

Create a package "com.durgasoft.test" and prepare Test class:

Test.java

9.
10. public class Test {
Page

11.

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12. public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
13. EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("emp");
14. EntityManager entityManager = factory.createEntityManager();
15. /*
16. EntityTransaction entityTransaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
17. entityTransaction.begin();
18. Employee emp = new Employee();
19. emp.setEno(111);
20. emp.setEname("AAA");
21. emp.setEsal(5000);
22. emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
23. entityManager.persist(emp);
24. entityTransaction.commit();
25. System.out.println("Employee Inserted Successfully");
26. */
27. /*
28. Employee emp = entityManager.find(Employee.class, 111);
29. System.out.println("Employee Details");
30. System.out.println("------------------------");
31. System.out.println("Employee Number :"+emp.getEno());
32. System.out.println("Employee Name :"+emp.getEname());
33. System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+emp.getEsal());
34. System.out.println("Employee Address :"+emp.getEaddr());
35. */
36. /*
37. EntityTransaction entityTransaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
38. entityTransaction.begin();
39. Employee emp = entityManager.find(Employee.class, 111);
40. emp.setEname("BBB");
41. emp.setEsal(7000);
42. emp.setEaddr("Sec");
43. entityTransaction.commit();
44. System.out.println("Employee updated Successfully");
45. */
46. EntityTransaction entityTransaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
47. entityTransaction.begin();
48. Employee emp = entityManager.find(Employee.class, 111);
49. entityManager.remove(emp);
50. entityTransaction.commit();
390

51. System.out.println("Employee Deleted Successfully");

52. entityManager.close();
Page

53. }
54. }

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Integration of JPA with Spring application in ORM Module

Integration of JPA with Spring application in ORM Module:

1. Create Java Project with both Spring Library and Hibernate Library.
2. Create Dao interface
3. Create Dao implementation classs.
4. Create POJO / Entity class.
5. Create Hibernate Mapping File.
6. Create Spring Configuration File.
7. Create Test Application.

1. Create Java Project with both Spring Library and Hibernate Library.

Spring Library:
commons-logging-1.2.jar
spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-jdbc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-orm-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-tx-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar

Hibernate Library:
hibernate3.jar
antlr-2.7.6.jar
commons-collections-3.1.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar
jta-1.1.jar
slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar
hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar
ojdbc6.jar

2. Create Dao interface

391

EmployeeDao.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;

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BY NAGOOR BABU
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.entity.Employee;
4.
5. public interface EmployeeDao {
6. public String insertEmployee(Employee emp);
7. public Employee findEmployee(int eno);
8. public String updateEmployee(Employee emp);
9. public String removeEmployee(int eno);
10. }

3.Create Dao implementation class

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2.
3. import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
4. import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
5.
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
7. import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
8.
9. import com.durgasoft.entity.Employee;
10.
11. @Repository
12. public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao {
13.
14. String status = "";
15.
16. @PersistenceContext
17. private EntityManager entityManager;
18.
19. @Transactional
20. @Override
21. public String insertEmployee(Employee emp) {
22. entityManager.persist(emp);
23. status = "SUCCESS";
24. return status;
25. }
26.
27. @Override
392

28. public Employee findEmployee(int eno) {

29. Employee emp = (Employee)entityManager.find(Employee.class, eno);
Page

30. return emp;

31. }

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32.
33. @Transactional
34. @Override
35. public String updateEmployee(Employee emp) {
36. Employee employee = (Employee)entityManager.find(Employee.class, emp.getEno())
;
37. employee.setEname(emp.getEname());
38. employee.setEsal(emp.getEsal());
39. employee.setEaddr(emp.getEaddr());
40. status = "SUCCESS";
41. return status;
42. }
43.
44. @Transactional
45. @Override
46. public String removeEmployee(int eno) {
47. Employee employee = (Employee)entityManager.find(Employee.class, eno);
48. entityManager.remove(employee);
49. status = "SUCCESS";
50. return status;
51. }
52.
53. }

 Where "@PersistenceContext" will inject EntityManager object into Dao implementation

class.
 Where "@Transactional" annotation will inject Transaction service in DAO methiods, where
it is not required to Create EntityTransaction object and not required to perform commit() or
rollback() operations.
4. Create POJO / Entity class:
Employee.java

1. package com.durgasoft.entity;
2.
3. public class Employee {
4. private int eno;
5. private String ename;
6. private float esal;
7. private String eaddr;
393

8.
9. public int getEno() {
Page

10. return eno;

11. }

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12. public void setEno(int eno) {
13. this.eno = eno;
14. }
15. public String getEname() {
16. return ename;
17. }
18. public void setEname(String ename) {
19. this.ename = ename;
20. }
21. public float getEsal() {
22. return esal;
23. }
24. public void setEsal(float esal) {
25. this.esal = esal;
26. }
27. public String getEaddr() {
28. return eaddr;
29. }
30. public void setEaddr(String eaddr) {
31. this.eaddr = eaddr;
32. }
33. }

5. Create Hibernate Mapping File.

Employee.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
3. "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
4. "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
5. <hibernate-mapping>
6. <class name="com.durgasoft.entity.Employee" table="emp1">
7. <id name="eno"/>
8. <property name="ename"/>
9. <property name="esal"/>
10. <property name="eaddr"/>
11. </class>
12. </hibernate-mapping>
394

6. Create Spring Configuration File

applicationContext.xml
Page

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
6. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
7.
8. xsi:schemaLocation="
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
13. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
14. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
15. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
16. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
17. <context:annotation-config/>
18. <tx:annotation-driven/>
19. <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerData
Source">
20. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
21. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
22. <property name="username" value="system"/>
23. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
24. </bean>
25. <bean id="entityManagerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContaine
rEntityManagerFactoryBean">
26. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
27. <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="emp"/>
28. <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
29. <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
30. </property>
31. <property name="mappingResources">
32. <list>
33. <value>Employee.xml</value>
34. </list>
35. </property>
36. <property name="jpaProperties">
37. <props>
38. <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</prop>
395

39. <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>

40. </props>
Page

41. </property>
42. </bean>

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43. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionMana
ger">
44. <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoryBean"/>
45. </bean>
46. <bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl"/>
47. </beans>

 Where "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" will provide

dataSource object, it required the following dependencies.
1. driverClassName
2. url
3. username
4. password
 Where "org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean" will
provide EntityManager object in Spring Application and it require the following
dependencies.
1. dataSource
2. persistenceUnitName
3. jpaVendorAdapter
4. mappingResources
5. jpaProperties
 Where "dataSource" will take a DataSource reference which we configure in Spring
configuration File.
 Where "persistenceUnitName" will take persistence name like "emp".
 Where "jpaVendorAdpter"property will take the class like
"org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter" and it will provide all
Hibernate implementation of JPA to Spring application.
 Where "mappingResources" property will take all mapping Files which we are using in
spring applications in the form of <list> type.
 Where "jpaProperties" will take JPA implementation properties like dialect, show_sql,... in
the form of "<props>" type.
 Where "org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" will provide Transaction
implementation provided by JPA vendor.
 Where "<context:annotation-config/>" tag will activate the annotations like "@Repository"
 , "@Service", "@Component".......
 Where "<tx:annotation-driven/>" tag will activate @Transactional annotation which will
inject Transaction Service in Spring application.

7. Create Test Application:

396

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
Page

2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

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4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5. import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
6.
7. import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;
8. import com.durgasoft.entity.Employee;
9.
10. public class Test {
11.
12. public static void main(String[] args) {
13. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
14. EmployeeDao empDao = (EmployeeDao) context.getBean("empDao");
15. /*
16. Employee emp = new Employee();
17. emp.setEno(111);
18. emp.setEname("AAA");
19. emp.setEsal(5000);
20. emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
21. String status = empDao.insertEmployee(emp);
22. System.out.println(status);
23. */
24. /*
25. Employee emp = empDao.findEmployee(111);
26. System.out.println("Employee Details");
27. System.out.println("----------------------");
28. System.out.println("Employee Number :"+emp.getEno());
29. System.out.println("Employee Name :"+emp.getEname());
30. System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+emp.getEsal());
31. System.out.println("Employee Address :"+emp.getEaddr());
32. */
33. /*
34. Employee emp = new Employee();
35. emp.setEno(111);
36. emp.setEname("BBB");
37. emp.setEsal(7000);
38. emp.setEaddr("Pune");
39. String status = empDao.updateEmployee(emp);
40. System.out.println(status);
41. */
397

42. String status = empDao.removeEmployee(111);

43. System.out.println(status);
Page

44. }
45. }

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Example:

Employee.java

36. }
37.
Page

38. }

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EmployeeDao.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.entity.Employee;
4.
5. public interface EmployeeDao {
6. public String insertEmployee(Employee emp);
7. public Employee findEmployee(int eno);
8. public String updateEmployee(Employee emp);
9. public String removeEmployee(int eno);
10. }

EmployeeDaoImpl.java

25. }
26.
Page

27. @Override
28. public Employee findEmployee(int eno) {

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29. Employee emp = (Employee)entityManager.find(Employee.class, eno);
30. return emp;
31. }
32.
33. @Transactional
34. @Override
35. public String updateEmployee(Employee emp) {
36. Employee employee = (Employee)entityManager.find(Employee.class, emp.getEno())
;
37. employee.setEname(emp.getEname());
38. employee.setEsal(emp.getEsal());
39. employee.setEaddr(emp.getEaddr());
40. status = "SUCCESS";
41. return status;
42. }
43.
44. @Transactional
45. @Override
46. public String removeEmployee(int eno) {
47. Employee employee = (Employee)entityManager.find(Employee.class, eno);
48. entityManager.remove(employee);
49. status = "SUCCESS";
50. return status;
51. }
52.
53. }

Employee.hbm.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
3. "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
4. "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
5. <hibernate-mapping>
6. <class name="com.durgasoft.pojo.Employee" table="emp2">
7. <id name="eno" column="ENO"/>
8. <property name="ename" column="ENAME"/>
9. <property name="esal" column="ESAL"/>
10. <property name="eaddr" column="EADDR"/>
400

11. </class>
12. </hibernate-mapping>
Page

applicationContext.xml

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
6. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
7.
8. xsi:schemaLocation="
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
13. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
14. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
15. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
16. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
17. <context:annotation-config/>
18. <tx:annotation-driven/>
19. <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerData
Source">
20. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
21. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
22. <property name="username" value="system"/>
23. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
24. </bean>
25. <bean id="entityManagerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContaine
rEntityManagerFactoryBean">
26. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
27. <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="emp"/>
28. <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
29. <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
30. </property>
31. <property name="mappingResources">
32. <list>
33. <value>Employee.xml</value>
34. </list>
35. </property>
36. <property name="jpaProperties">
37. <props>
401

38. <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</prop>

39. <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
Page

40. </props>
41. </property>

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42. </bean>
43. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionMana
ger">
44. <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoryBean"/>
45. </bean>
46. <bean id="empDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDaoImpl"/>
47. </beans>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5. import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
6.
7. import com.durgasoft.dao.EmployeeDao;
8. import com.durgasoft.entity.Employee;
9.
10. public class Test {
11.
12. public static void main(String[] args) {
13. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
14. EmployeeDao empDao = (EmployeeDao) context.getBean("empDao");
15. /*
16. Employee emp = new Employee();
17. emp.setEno(111);
18. emp.setEname("AAA");
19. emp.setEsal(5000);
20. emp.setEaddr("Hyd");
21. String status = empDao.insertEmployee(emp);
22. System.out.println(status);
23. */
24. /*
25. Employee emp = empDao.findEmployee(111);
26. System.out.println("Employee Details");
27. System.out.println("----------------------");
28. System.out.println("Employee Number :"+emp.getEno());
402

29. System.out.println("Employee Name :"+emp.getEname());

30. System.out.println("Employee Salary :"+emp.getEsal());
Page

31. System.out.println("Employee Address :"+emp.getEaddr());

32. */

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33. /*
34. Employee emp = new Employee();
35. emp.setEno(111);
36. emp.setEname("BBB");
37. emp.setEsal(7000);
38. emp.setEaddr("Pune");
39. String status = empDao.updateEmployee(emp);
40. System.out.println(status);
41. */
42. String status = empDao.removeEmployee(111);
43. System.out.println(status);
44. }
45.
46. }

403
Page

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{SPRING
TraNSACTIONS}
404
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SPRING TRANSACTIONS MODULE INDEX
1. Intorduction………………………………………………………………………PAGE 406
2. Transaction Support in Spring……………………………………………PAGE 411
3. Transaction Attributes……………………………………………………….PAGE 412
4. Transactions Approaches in Spring………………...…………………..PAGE 414

405
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Spring Transactions
Intorduction:

Transaction Management:
Transaction is an unit of work performed by Front End applications on Back End System.

EX: Deposit some amount in an Account.

Withdraw some amount from an Account
Transfer some amount from one account to another account.

IN database applications, Every Transaction must follow ACID properties

1. Atomicity: This property will make the Transaction either in SUCCESS state or in FAILURE
state.
In Database related applications, if we perform all operations then the Transaction is available in
SUCCESS State, if we perform none of the operations then the Transaction is available in
FAILURE state.
2.Consistency:In database applications, Before the Transaction and After the Transaction
Database state must be in stable.
3. Isolation: If we run more than one Transaction on a single Data item then that Transactions are
called as "Concurret Transactions". In Transactions Concurrency , one transaction execution must
not give effect to another Transaction, this rule is called as "Isolation" property.
4. Durability: After committing the Transaction, if any failures are coming like Power failure, OS
failure,... after getting the System if we open the transaction then the modifications which we
performed during the transaction must be preserved.

406
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In JDBC, to perform Automicity property we have to change Connections auto-commit nature and
we have to perform either commit() or rollback() at the end of Transaction.
EX:

1. Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(---);

2. con.setAutoCommit(false);
3. try{
4. ---instructions-----
5. con.commit();
6. }catch(Exception e){
7. e.printStacktrace();
8. con.rollback();
9. }

In Hibernate applications, if we want to manage Transactions Automicity property then we have to

use the following steps.
1. Declare Transaction Before try.
2.Create Transaction object inside try block.
3.Perform commit() operation at end of Transaction.
4.Perform rollback() operation at catch block.

Transaction tx = null;

1. try{
2. -----
3. tx = session.beginTransaction();
4. ----
5. -----
6. tx.commit();
7. }catch(Exception e){
8. tx.rollback();
9. }

If we execute more than one transaction on a single data item then that transactions are called as
Concurrent Transactions.

In Transactions concurrency we are able to get the following data consistency problems while
executing more than one transaction at a time.
407

1. Lost Update Problem

2. Dirty Read Problem
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3. Non Repeatable Read Problem

4. Phanthom Read Problem

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1. Lost Update Problem

In Transactions concurrency, if one transaction perform updations over the data with out commit
operation , mean while, other transactions perform updations with commit operation then the first
transaction updations are lost, this data consistency problem is called as Lost Update problem.

2. Dirty Read Problem:

In Transactions concurrency, if one transaction perform updations over data with out performing
commit / rollback, mean while if other Transaction perform Read operation over the uncommitted
data with out performing commit/rollback operations, in this context, if first transaction perform
Rollback operation then the read operation performed by second transaction is Dirty Read, this
problem is called as Dirty Read problem.

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3. Non Repeatable Read Problem
In Transactions concurrency, One transaction perform continous read operations to get same
results, mean while, between two read operations another transaction performs update operation
over the same data, in this context, in the next read operation performed by first transaction may
not get same repeatable results, this problem is called as Non Repeatable Read Problem.

4. Phantom Read Problem

In Transactions concurrency, one transaction perform read operation continously to get same no
of results at each and every read operation , mean while, other transactions may perform insert
operations between two read operations performed by first transactions, in this context, in the next
read operation performed by first transaction may not generate the same no of results, this
problem is called as "Panthom Read" Problem, here the extra records inserted by second
transaction are called as "Panthom Records".

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1. public sttaic final int TRANSCATION_NONE = 0;
2. public sttaic final int TRANSCATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
3. public sttaic final int TRANSCATION_READ_COMMITTED = 2;
4. public sttaic final int TRANSCATION_REPETABLE_READ = 4;
5. public sttaic final int TRANSCATION_SERIALIZABLE = 8;

public void setTransactionIsolation(int isolation_Level)

EX: con.setTransactionIsolation(Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_
COMMITTED);
<property name="hibernate.connection.isolation>val</property>
Where value may be either of the following Constants
NONE = 0;
READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1;
READ_COMMITTED = 2;
REPEATABLE_READ = 4;
SERIALIZABLE = 8;

EX:

1. <hibernate-configuration>
2. <session-factory>
3. ----
4. <property name="hibernate.connection.isolation>
5. SERIALIZABLE
6. </property>
7. -----
8. </session-factory>
9. </hibernate-configuration>

There are two types of Transactions

1. Local Transaction
2. Global Transaction
1. Local Transaction

Local transactions are specific to a single transactional resource like a JDBC connection

Local transaction management can be useful in a centralized computing environment where

application components and resources are located at a single site, and transaction management
only involves a local data manager running on a single machine. Local transactions are easier to
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be implemented
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2. Global Transaction
Global transactions can span multiple transactional resources like transaction in a distributed
system

Global transaction management is required in a distributed computing environment where all the
resources are distributed across multiple systems

A distributed or a global transaction is executed across multiple systems, and its execution
requires coordination between the global transaction management system and all the local data
managers of all the involved systems.

Transaction Support in Spring

Spring provides extensive support for transaction management and help developers to focus more
on business logic rather than worrying about the integrity of data incase of any system failures.
Spring Transaction Management is providing the following advantages in enterprise applications:
1. Spring Supports Declarative Transaction Management. In this model, Spring uses AOP
over the transactional methods to provide data integrity. This is the preferred approach and
works in most of the cases.
2. Spring Supports most of the transaction APIs such as JDBC, Hibernate, JPA, JDO, JTA
etc. All we need to do is use proper transaction manager implementation class.
EX:
 org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource for JDBC transaction
management
 org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager for Hibernate as ORM
tool.
 Support for programmatic transaction management by using TransactionTemplate or
PlatformTransactionManager implementation.
To represent ISOLATION levels Spring Framework has provided the following Constants from
"org.springframework.transaction .TransactionDefinition".
1. ISOLATION_DEFAULT: It is default isolation level, it will use the underlying database
provided default Isolation level.
2. ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED: It will not resolve any ISOLATION problem, It
represents dirty read problem, non-repeatable read problem, phantom read problem .
3. ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED: It will resolve dirty read problem,but, it will represent
non-repeatable read problem and phantom read problem.
4. ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ: It will resolve dirty read problem and non-repeatable
read problem , but, It will represent phantom read problem.
5. ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE: It will resolve all ISOLATION problems like dirty reads, non-
411

repeatable read, and phantom read Problems.

To set the above Isolation level to TransactionTemplate then we have to use the following method
.public void setIsolationLevel(int value)
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EX: txTemplate.setIsolationLevel(TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT);

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Transaction Attributes
In Enterprise applications, if we a method begins a transaction and access another method, in this
context, another method execution is going on in the same Transaction or in any new Transaction
is completely depending on the Transaction Propagation behaviour what we are using.

Spring Framewrk has provided very good suport for Propagation Behaviour in the form of the
following constants from "org.springframework.transaction .TransactionDefinition".
1. PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
2. PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW
3. PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS
4. PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED
5. PROPAGATION_MANDATORY
6. PROPAGATION_NEVER
7. PROPAGATION_NESTED
1. PROPAGATION_REQUIRED:
If a method1 is running in a transaction and invokes method2 then method2 will be executed in
the same transaction. If method1 is not associated with any Transaction then Container will create
new Transaction to execute Method2.

2. PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW:
If a method1 is running in a transaction and invokes method2 then container will suspend the
current Transaction temporarily and creates new Transaction for method2. After executing
method2 transaction then method1 transaction will continue.If Method1 is not associated with any
transaction then container will start a new transaction before starts new method.

3. PROPAGATION_MANDATORY:
If a method1 is running in a transaction and invokes method2 then method2 will be executed in
the same transaction. If method1 is not associated with any Transaction then Container will raise
an exception like "TransactionThrowsException".

4. PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS:
If a method1 is running in a transaction and invokes method2 then method2 will be executed in
the same transaction. If method1 is not associated with any Transaction then Container does not
start new Transaction before running method2.

5 .PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED:

If a method1 is running in a transaction and invokes method2 then Container Suspends the
Mehod1 transaction before invoking Method2. When Method2 has completed , container resumes
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Method1 transaction. If Mehod1 is not associated with Tramsaction then Container does not start
new Tansaction before executing Method2.
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6. PROPAGATION_NEVER:

If a method1 is running in a transaction and invokes method2 then Container throws an Exception
like RemoteException. I mthod1 is not associated with any transaction then Container will not start
new Transaction for Method2.

7. PROPAGATION_NESTED:

Indicates that the method should be run with in a nested transaction if an existed transaction is in
progress.

To set the above Propagation Behaviout to TransactionTemplate then we have to use the
following method.

public void setPropagationBehaviour(int value)

EX:
txTemplate.setPropagationBehaviour(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_EQUIRES_NEW);

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Transactions Approaches in Spring
Spring Framework supports Transactions in two ways.
1.Programmatic Approach
2.Declarative Approach

Programmetic Approach:
In Programatic Approach of transactions we have to declare the transaction and we have to
perform transactions commit or rollback operations explicitly by using JAVA code.

In Programetic approach if we want to provide transactions then we have to use the following
predefined Library.

1.Transaction Manager:

The main intention of TransactionManager is is able to define a Transaction Strategy in spring

application.

Spring Framework has provided Transaction manager in the form of a predefined interfaces
1. org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
2. org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager
3. org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager
4. org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager
------
------
In Spring Transaction based applicatins , We must configure either of the above
TransactionManager in configuration file and we must inject TransactionManager in DAO
implementation class.

DataSourceTransactionManager includes the following methods to manage transaction.

1. public TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition tx_Def)
2. public void commit(TransactionStatus tx_Status)
3. public void rollback(TransactionStatus tx_Status)

2. TransactionDefinition:

org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition is able to specify ISOLATION levels,

Propagation behaviours, Transactions Time out and Transactions Read Only status,.....
414

TransactionDefinition includes the following Constants to manage Transactions ISOLATION

Levels in Spring applications.
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1. ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED

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2. ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED
3. ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ
4. ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE

TransactionDefinition includes the following Constants to manage Transactions Propagation

Behaviours in Spring applications.
1. PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
2. PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW
3. PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS
4. PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED
5. PROPAGATION_MANDATORY
6. PROPAGATION_NESTED
7. PROPAGATION_NEVER

3. TransactionStatus:

org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus interface provides a simple way for

transactional code to control transaction execution and query transaction status.

TransactionStatus includes the following methods to manage Transactions in Spring applications.

1. public boolean isNewTransaction()
2. boolean hasSavepoint()
3. public void setRollbackOnly()
4. public boolean isRollbackOnly()
5. public void flush()
6. public boolean isCompleted()

Example on Spring Transactions in Programmetic Approach:

TransactionDao.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2. public interface TransactionDao {
3. public String transferFunds(String fromAccount, String toAccount, int transfer_Amt);
4. }

TransactionDaoImpl.java
415

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2. import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
3. import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
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4. import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;

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5. import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
6. import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;
7.
8. public class TransactionDaoImpl implements TransactionDao {
9.
10. private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
11. private DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager;
12.
13. public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
14. this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
15. }
16. public void setTransactionManager(DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManag
er) {
17. this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
18. }
19.
20. @Override
21. public String transferFunds(String fromAccount, String toAccount, int transfer_Amt) {
22. String status = "";
23. TransactionDefinition tx_Def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
24. TransactionStatus tx_Status = transactionManager.getTransaction(tx_Def);
25. try {
26. withdraw(fromAccount, transfer_Amt);
27. deposit(toAccount, transfer_Amt);
28. transactionManager.commit(tx_Status);
29. status = "Transaction Success";
30.
31. } catch (Exception e) {
32. transactionManager.rollback(tx_Status);
33. status = "Transaction Failure";
34. e.printStackTrace();
35. }
36. return status;
37. }
38. public void withdraw(String acc, int wd_Amt) {
39.
40. jdbcTemplate.execute("update account set BALANCE = BALANCE -
"+wd_Amt+" where ACCNO = '"+acc+"'");
41.
416

42.
43. }
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44. public void deposit(String acc, int dep_Amt)throws Exception {

45.

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46. float f = 100/0;
47. jdbcTemplate.execute("update account set BALANCE = BALANCE + "+dep_Amt+"
where ACCNO = '"+acc+"'");
48.
49. }
50. }

applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xsi:schemaLocation="
6. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
10. <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerData
Source">
11. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
12. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
13. <property name="username" value="system"/>
14. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
15. </bean>
16. <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
17. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
18. </bean>
19. <bean id="transactionDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDaoImpl">
20. <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
21. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
22. </bean>
23. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourc
eTransactionManager">
24. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
25. </bean>
26.
27. </beans>
417

Test.java
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1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.

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3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5.
6. import com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDao;
7.
8. public class Test {
9.
10. public static void main(String[] args) {
11. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
12. TransactionDao tx_Dao = (TransactionDao)context.getBean("transactionDao");
13. String status = tx_Dao.transferFunds("abc123", "xyz123", 5000);
14. System.out.println(status);
15. }
16. }

Drawbacks with Transactions Programatic Approach:

1. Programatic Approach is suggestible when we have less no of operations in Transactions,
it is not suggestible when we have more no of operations in Transactions.
2. Programatic Approach is some what tightly coupled approach , because, it includes both
Business logic and Transactions service code as a single unit.
3. Programatic approach is not convenient to use in enterprise Applications.

Declarative Approach:

In Declarative approach, we will seperate Transaction Service code and Business Logic in Spring
applications , so that, we are able to get loosly coupled design in Spring applications.

Declarative approach ios suggestible when we have more no of operations in Transactions.

Declarative approach is not convenient to use in enterprise Applications because of AOP.

There are two ways to provide Transaction management in declarative approach.

1. Using Transactions Namespace Tags with AOP implementation

2. Using Annotations.

1. Using Transactions Namespace Tags with AOP implementation

418

To manage Transactions in declarative approach, Spring Transaction module has provided the
following AOP implemented tags.
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1. <tx:advice>

It represent Transaction Advice, it is the implementation of Transaction Service.

Syntax:

<tx:advice id=‖---― transaction-manager=‖----―>

2. <tx:attributes>

It will take Transactional methods inorder to apply Isolation levels and Propagation
behaviours,...... by using <tx:method> tag.
Syntax:

<tx:attributes>
-----
<tx:attributes>

3. <tx:method>

It will define Transactional method and its propagation Behaviours, Isolation levels, Timeout
statuses,....
Syntax:

<tx:method name="---" propagation="---" isolation="-------" />

With the above tags, we must define Transaction Advice and it must be configured with a
particular Pointcut expression by using <aop:advisor> tag.

EX:

1. <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">

2. <tx:attributes>
3. <tx:method name="transferFunds"/>
4. </tx:attributes>
5. </tx:advice>
6. <aop:config>
7. <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDao.transferFund
s(..))" id="transfer"/>
419

8. <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transfer" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>

9. </aop:config>
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Example on Spring Transactions in Declarative Approach with XML Configuration:

TransactionDao.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2. public interface TransactionDao {
3. public String transferFunds(String fromAccount, String toAccount, int transfer_Amt);
4. }

TransactionDaoImpl.java

9. public class TransactionDaoImpl implements TransactionDao {

10.
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11. private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

12. public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {

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13. this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
14. }
15. @Override
16. public String transferFunds(String fromAccount, String toAccount, int transfer_Amt) {
17. String status = "";
18. int val1 = jdbcTemplate.update("update account set BALANCE = BALANCE -
"+transfer_Amt+" where ACCNO = '"+fromAccount+"'");
19. float f = 100/0;
20. int val2 = jdbcTemplate.update("update account set BALANCE = BALANCE + "+tra
nsfer_Amt+" where ACCNO = '"+toAccount+"'");
21. if(val1 ==1 && val2 ==1) {
22. status = "Transaction Success";
23. }else {
24. status = "Transaction Failure";
25. }
26. return status;
27. }
28. }

ApplicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

18. <property name="username" value="system"/>

19. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
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20. </bean>
21. <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">

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22. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
23. </bean>
24. <bean id="transactionDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDaoImpl">
25. <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
26. </bean>
27. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourc
eTransactionManager">
28. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
29. </bean>
30.
31. <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
32. <tx:attributes>
33. <tx:method name="transferFunds"/>
34. </tx:attributes>
35. </tx:advice>
36. <aop:config>
37. <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDao.transferF
unds(..))" id="transfer"/>
38. <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transfer" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
39. </aop:config>
40.
41. </beans>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
3. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
4.
5. import com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDao;
6.
7. public class Test {
8.
9. public static void main(String[] args) {
10. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
11. TransactionDao tx_Dao = (TransactionDao)context.getBean("transactionDao");
12. String status = tx_Dao.transferFunds("abc123", "xyz123", 100);
13. System.out.println(status);
422

14. }
15. }
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2. Using Annotations:

This approach is very simple to use for transactions in Spriong applications. In this approach, we
will use @Transactional annotation just before the transactional methods in DAO implementation
classes, but, to use this annotation we must activate @Transactional annotation in Spring
configuration file vy using the following tag.

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

Example on Spring Transactions in Declarative Approach with Annotations:

TransactionDao.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2. public interface TransactionDao {
3. public String transferFunds(String fromAccount, String toAccount, int transfer_Amt);
4. }

TransactionDaoImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2. import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
3. import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
4. import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
5. import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
6. import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
7. import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;
8.
9.
10. public class TransactionDaoImpl implements TransactionDao {
11.
12. private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
13. public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
14. this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
15. }
16.
17. @Transactional
18. @Override
423

19. public String transferFunds(String fromAccount, String toAccount, int transfer_Amt) {

20. String status = "";
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21. int val1 = jdbcTemplate.update("update account set BALANCE = BALANCE -
"+transfer_Amt+" where ACCNO = '"+fromAccount+"'");
22. float f = 100/0;
23. int val2 = jdbcTemplate.update("update account set BALANCE = BALANCE + "+tra
nsfer_Amt+" where ACCNO = '"+toAccount+"'");
24. if(val1 ==1 && val2 ==1) {
25. status = "Transaction Success";
26. }else {
27. status = "Transaction Failure";
28. }
29. return status;
30. }
31. }

ApplicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
5. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
13.
14. <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
15. <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerData
Source">
16. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
17. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
18. <property name="username" value="system"/>
19. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
20. </bean>
21. <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
22. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
424

23. </bean>
24. <bean id="transactionDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDaoImpl">
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25. <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>

26. </bean>

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27. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourc
eTransactionManager">
28. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
29. </bean>
30.
31.
32. </beans>

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.test;
2.
3. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5.
6. import com.durgasoft.dao.TransactionDao;
7.
8. public class Test {
9.
10. public static void main(String[] args) {
11. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationConte
xt.xml");
12. TransactionDao tx_Dao = (TransactionDao)context.getBean("transactionDao");
13. String status = tx_Dao.transferFunds("abc123", "xyz123", 100);
14. System.out.println(status);
15. }
16. }

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{SPRING WEB
MODULE}
426
Page

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SPRING WEB MODULE INDEX
1. Intorduction…………………………………………………………………PAGE 428
2. Steps to prepare Spring web MVC Application……………….PAGE 446
3. Annotations in Spring WEB MVC……………………………….….PAGE 461
4. Spring Web MVC Application with MAVEN……………………PAGE 468
5. Controller Classes………………………………………………………...PAGE 473
6. Data Validations…………………………………………………………..PAGE 542
7. HandlerMappings………………………………………………………..PAGE 568
8. HandlerInterceptor…………………………………………………..…PAGE 588
9. ViewResolvers In Spring WEB MVC……………………………..PAGE 596
10. File Upload in Spring WEB MVC…………………………………..PAGE 611
11. File Downloading in Spring WEB MVC…………………………PAGE 617
12. Internationalization[I18N]………………………………………….PAGE 621
13. SPRING MVC with Tiles…………………………………………….…PAGE 631

427
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Spring WEB MVC Module
Introduction:
The main intention of Spring WEB MVC module is to prepare web applications with MVC design
patterns.

Q)To prepare web applications we have already Struts1 Framework then what is the
requirement to use Spring Web MVC Module?

Ans:
1. Struts is Web Framework, it able to provide very good environment to prepare and execute
web applications.

Spring Framework is an application Framework, it able to provide very good environment to

prepare any type of application like Standalone applications, web applications, Distributed
applications,.....

2. Struts framework is mainly MVC based frame work, it able to use only MVC and its
corelated design pattern.

In Spring framework, only Web Module is able to use MVC Design Pattern.

3. Struts Framework is heavy weight Framework.

Spring Framework is light weight Framework.

4. Struts framework is able to provide tightly coupled design for its applications.

Spring framework is able to provide loosly coupled design.

5. Struts is not providing clear seperatin between Controller layer, Beans Model and View
part.

Spring Framework is able to provide clear seperation between controller layer, Model and
View part.

6. Struts is more API dependent, it is very difficult to perform debugging and Testing.

Spring is less API dependent, it is very simple perform debugging and testing.
428

7. Struts is not providing very good environment to integrate other technology applications like
JDBC, Hibernate, EJBs,....
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Spring is providing very good environment to integrate other technology applications
like JDBC, Hibernate,...

8. Struts is able to use only HTML, JSP ,... basic view related tech to prepare View part.

Spring is able to provide very good environment to use view related tech like HTML,
JSP, velocity, Freemarker,.....

9. Struts is not having AOP implementations to provide loosly coupled design.

Spring is supporting AOP implementations to provide loosly coupled design.

10. Struts is not layered/Modularized Framework.

Spring is layered/Modularization Framework.

11. Struts is said to be invasive. In Struts we used to extend Action Classes and ActionForm
classes.It forces the programmer that, the programmer class must extend from the base
class provided by Struts API.

Spring Framework is said to be a non-invasive means it doesn‘t force a

programmer to extend or implement their class from any predefined class or interface given by
Spring API.

12. Struts framework is able to provide very good Tag library to prepare view part.

Spring framework is not providing good tag library to prepare view part.

13. Spring is providing very good Transaction management and Messaging support for its
applications.

Struts is not providing support for Transaction Management and Messaging Support.

Q)To prepare MVC Based Web Applications we have already JSF[Java Server Faces] then
what is the requirement to use Spring Web MVC Framework?

Ans:
1. JSF is web framework, it able to provide environment to prepare web applications only.
429

Spring Framework is an application Framework, it able to provide very good

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environment to prepare any type of application like Standalone applications, web applications,
Distributed applications,.....

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2. JSF is Component based Framework, for every view , JSF will create a Component Tree
inorder to manage data.

Spring Framework is not Component based Framework, it will use Beans to manage
Form data.

3. JSF is View layered Framework, It will focus on View Layer.

Spring is not View Layered Framework, it will focus on all layers of tghe Enterprise
Applications.

4. JSF is having very good Convertors , Validations and Rendering Mechanisms.

Spring is not having good Convertors, validations and Renderring Mechanisms.

5. JSF is having inbilt AJAX suppoort.

Spring is not having inbuilt Ajax support.

6. JSF is not having Middleware Services support like Transactions, Messaging, ....

Spring is having very good support for Transactions, Messaging,....

7. JSF is not having any integration environment to integrate other technologies applications
like JDBC, EJBs, RMI,....

Spring is providing very good environment to integrate other technologies

applications like JDBC, EJBs, Hibernate, Struts,.....

8. JSF is not having very good Security implementations.

Spring is having a seperate Security module to provide security.

Spring Web MVC Features:

1. Spring Web MVC contains no of components like controller, validator, command object,
form object, model object, DispatcherServlet, handler mapping, view resolver, and so on ,
Each and every component has its own roles and responsibilities.
2. Spring framework allows Powerful and straightforward configuration of both framework and
application classes as JavaBeans. This configuration capability includes easy navidation
430

across contexts, such as from web controllers to business objects and validators.
3. Spring Framework is allowing Command and Form objects to reuse Business code instead
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of extending Frameworks provided API libraries.

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4. Spring Web MVC is providing very good Data Binding Mechanisms, Data Validations ... for
web applications.
5. Spring Web MVC is providing Customizable handler mapping and view resolution.
6. Spring Web MVC module is more Flexible model transfer. Model transfer with a
name/value Map supports easy integration with any view technology.
7. Spring Web MVC provides customizable locale and theme resolution, support for JSPs with
or without Spring tag library, support for JSTL, support for Velocity without the need for
extra bridges, and so on.
8. Spring Web MVC allows all JSP supported Tag Libraries like JSTL tag libraries,...

Spring Web MVC Components:

To prepare Spring Web MVC Applications we have to use the following Components.

1. View
2. web.xml
3. DispatcherServlet
4. HandlerMapping
5. Controller Component
6. Command Class
7. View Resolver
8. Spring Configuration File

From the above diagram,

1. Submitting request from Client to Servler Side web application, where DispatcherServlet
431

will recieve request.

2. DispatcherServlet will interact with HandlerMapping to get Controller name and location.
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3. HandlerMapping will return the name and location of the Controller class.

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4. DispatcherServlet will recognize the name and location of the Controller class and
perform loading and instantiation of yje Controller class.
5. Depending on the Controller, Form data will be stored in Command Object and that
Command object data will be used in Controller class.
6. After executing Business logic, Controller class will return ModelAndView object, which
contains logical name of the view in View object and Model object is a Map contains
Model Objects inorder to use that data in View part.
7. DispatcherServlet will interact with ViewResolver inorder to get the name and location of
the View page.
8. ViewResolver will return View object with the name and location of the View page.
9. DispatcherServlet will interact witj View part with Model part inorder to prepare response.
10. View part will prepare response and submitting that response to DispatcherServlet.
11. DispatcherServlet will generate the required response to Client.

1.View :

Q)What is the requirement to use View part in Web applications?

Ans:

1. It will improve Look And Feel to the web applications.

2. It will provid entry point for the users inorder to interact with applications.
3. It will provide very good environment to take data from users inorder to submit data to
the server side application.
4. It able to provide very good environment to perform Client Side data validations by using
Java Script functions.
5. It allows to specify different types of requests like GET, POST, HEAD,... to the web
applications.

There are two types of View parts are existed.

1. Informational View:
 It able to display messages to the users, status of the server side actions.
 It will not include forms, it will not take data from Users, simply it will display data to the
users.

2. Form Based View:

 It will include forms to take data from users and to submit that data to the Users.
To prepare View part, we will use View based Tech like AWT, SWING, JAVA FX, html, Jsp,
velocity, freemarker,......
432

Spring Framework is able to allow all the advanced view tech ,but, at basic level, We will use JSP
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tech with Spring provided tag library.

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2. web.xml[Deployment Descriptor]

web.xml is deployment descriptor, it will provide metadata about the web application which is
required by the container inorder to identify the server side components and inorder to execute
server side components.

In web applicatins, web.xml file is responsible for

1. welcome files configuration
2. Context parameters conf.
3. Servlets Conf.
4. Filters Conf.
5. Listeners Conf.
6. Session time out conf.
7. Error Pages Conf.
8. Tag Libraries conf.
9. Security conf....

In Spring web MVC applicatins , web.xml file requirement is to configure Font Controller that is
DispatcherServlet inorder to activate FrontController by Web containers.

In Spring Framework, DispatcherServlet is FrontControiller provided by Spring Framework in the

form of "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet".

In DispatcherServlet conf, we will provide the following configuration details:

a)DispatcherServlet class conf.
1. Logical name of the Dispatcher Servlet conf.
2. DispatcherServlet class conf.
3. Initialization Parameters conf.
4. Load on Startup Configuration.

b)URL Mapping Def.

Where DispatcherServlet must have logical name , on the basis of this logical name only we will
prepare Spring configuration file name, that is, logical_Name-servlet.xml

EX: <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>

Note: in the above case, Spring configuration file name must be

dispatcherServlet-Servlet.xml
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Where DispatcherServlet class must be configured with its fully qualified name inorder to activate
FrontController.
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EX: <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

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Where Initialization Parameters are required to create Framework related objects like
Handlermapping, HandlerAdapter, ViewResolver,.....

Note: The default name and location of Spring configuration file is under WEB-INF folder with the
name "Servlet_Logical_Name-servlet.xml", but, if we want to change this name and location then
we must use "contextConfigLocation" initialization parameter in DispatcherServlet configuration.

EX:

1. <init-param>
2. <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
3. <param-value>/WEB-INF/configd/myconfig.xml</param-value>
4. </init-param>

Where load-on-startup configuration is required inorder to perform DispatcherServlet loading,

instantiation and initialization at the time of server startup, where DispatcherServlet innitialization
is required to load the complete Spring web MVC famework.

EX: <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

Where URL pattern definition is required for each and every Servlet in web applications.
IN general, in web applications, we will define URL patterns for the Servlets in the following three
approaches.
1. Exact Match Method
2. Directory Match Method
3. Extension Match Method

From the above Url pattern definitions, DispatcherServlet required to use either Directory Match
method[/*] or Extension Match Method[*.do] inorder to trap all the requests from Clients to
DispatcherServlet.

web.xml

1. <web-app>
2. <servlet>
3. <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
4. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
5. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
6. </servlet>
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7. <servlet-mapping>
8. <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
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9. <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> or

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10. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
11. </servlet-mapping>
12. </web-app>

3. DispatcherServlet:
The main intention of the Front Controller in web applications is ,
1. Getting request from clients
2. Identifying the respective Model component or Business component which includes
business logic.
3. Executing Business Logic which is existed in Business component.
4. Identifying the respective View part inorder to generate response.
5. Forwarding request to view part inorder to generate dynamic response.

In Spring web mvc module , DispatcherServlet is acting as the Front Controller provided by Spring
Framework in the form of "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet".
Spring Framework has provided DispatcherServlet with the following Structer.

 Where HttpServletBean is the first Spring-aware class in the hierarchy. It injects the bean‘s
properties using the servlet init-param values received from the web.xml or
435

from WebApplicationInitializer.
 Where FrameworkServlet integrates the Servlet functionality with a web application context,
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implementing the ApplicationContextAware interface. But it is also able to create a web

application context on its own.

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 Where DispatcherServlet will perform the following actions in Spring web MVC applications
inorde to process the requests.

From the above diagram,

1.When we start server, container will perform the following actions.
a) Container will recognize all the web applications which are existed under webapps folder.
b) Container will deploy all the web applications under server space.
c) Container will create a separate ServletContext object for each and every web application
which we deployed.
2. While deploying web application, container will perform the following actions,
a) Container will recognize web.xml file under WEB-INF folder.
b) Container will perform web.xml file loading, parsing and reading the content from web.xml
file.
c) While parsing web.xml file, Container will recognize load-on-startup configuration under
DispatcherServlet configuration.
d) With the load-on-startup configuration, Container will search for DispatcherServlet under
classes folder, if it is not existed then container will search for DispatcherServlet under web
application lib folder.
e) When DispatcherServlet identifies then container will perform DispatcherServlet loading,
instantiation and initialization at the time of server startup or at the time of web application
deployment.
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3. As part of DispatcherServlet initialization, DispatcherServlet will perform the following actions.

a) DispatcherServlet will recognize WebApplicationContext implementation class and perform
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WebApplicationContext loading, instantiation and initialization.

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b) As part of WebApplicationContext initialization, WebApplicationContext will recognize
Struts configuration file under WEB-INF folder with the name [Servlet-Name]-
servlet.xmland WebApplicationContext will perform Spring configuration file loading,
parsing and reading the content into Configuration object.
c) After getting all the configuration details from spring configuration file into Configuration
object, WebApplicationContext container will create bean objects which we configured
under spring configuration file.
d) After getting all bean objects, WebApplicationContext will create Framework objects like
HandlerMapping, HandlerAdapter, ViewResolver, ThemeResolver,
LocaleResolver,…….. as part of WebApplicationContext initialization.
4. When we submit request from client to Server then Protocol will take request and perform the
following actions.
a) Protocol will establish connection between client and server on the basis of the Server IP
Address and Port number.
b) Protocol will create request format contains Header part and Body part, where Header part
is able to manage Clients metadata and Body part is able to manage Request parameters
data which are provided by the user at client browser.
c) Protocol will carry request format to Server, where Server will forward request to web
container.

5. When request is coming to the container then Web Container will take URL pattern value from
request format and container is trying to compare the URL pattern of the DispatcherServlet which
we configured in web.xml file, where if the url pattern is matched with DispatcherServlet URL
pattern then container will forward request to DispatcherServlet.
6. When request is coming to the DispatcherServlet then DispatcherServlet will perform the
following actions

 DispathcerServlet will keep all the Framework objects like HandlerMapping,

HandlerAdapter, ViewResolver, ThemeResolver, LocaleResolver,…… in request scope in
order to make available to the Handler and View part.

 DispatcherServlet will interact with HandlerMapping object to get Handler or Controller

object by executing getHandler() method.
 When DispatcherServlet call getHandler() on HandlerMapping object , HandlerMapping will
identify the respective Handler object and its configured interceptors then Handler Mapping
will arrange all the interceptors before Handler and return HandlerExecutionChain object
which contains Handler object and a set of interceptors.

Note: Interceptors are like Filters in servlets, which are used to perform pre-processing and
437

post-processing activities for any web resource.

 After getting HandlerExecutionChain object, DispatcherServlet will use HandlerAdapter

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object to access Handler by using handle() method, where HandlerAdapter will execute all

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the interceptors inorder to perfrom pre-processing activities by calling preHandle() method.

 After executing all the interceptors, HandlerAdpter will access business logic which is
included in Handler or Controller component.

 By the execution of Business login in Handler class, Handler will return ModelAndView
object to HandlerAdapter by executing all the interceptors in reverse inorder to provide
post-processing activities by executing postHandle() method, where HandlerAdapter will
send the received ModelAndView object to DispatcherServlet.

Note: Where ModelAndView object contains View objct and Model object, where View
object contains view name inorder to identify view part and Model object contains no of
Objects to provide data to the View part.

 After getting ModelAndView object, DispatcherServlet will interact with ViewResolver

inordee to identify view JSP page url on the basis of View name.

 When View is identified in web application then DispatcherServlet will execute the
corresponsing view page by getting data from Model part a and DispatcherServlet will
prepare Response for the client.

 When DispatcherServlet prepares response , DispatcherServlet will send response to

client, where Protocol will take that response and protocol will perform the following actions.

a) Protocol will prepare response format contains Header part and Body part, where
Header part is able to manage response headers data like response size, type of
response,….. and Body part is able to manage the actual dynamic response.
b) Protocol will carry response format to client, where client browser will display the
generated response.
c) When response is generated at client browser , protocol will destroy the
connection which is established between client and Server.
d) When we shutdown the server or when we undeploy the web application then
container will perform DispatcherServlet deinstantiation, with this, all the Spring
Framework objects like HandlerMapping, HandlerAdapter, viewResolver,….. are
destroyed.

4. HandlerMapping:
The main intention of HandlerMapping is to map incoming request to the Handler class that can
handle requests.
438

When request is coming to DispathcerServlet, DispatcherServlet will forward request to

HandlerMapping , where HandlerMapping will identify the respective Handler class and its
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associated interceptors then HandlerMapping will create HandlerExecutionChain with Handler

class object and and interceptors stack and return HandlerExecutinChain to DispatcherServlet.

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Spring Framework has provided the following HandlerMappings inorder to map requests to
Handler classes.

i. BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
ii. SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
iii. ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping
iv. CommonsPathMapHandlerMapping

Note: IN Spring web MVC applications, if we want to use the HandlerMapping classes then we
must configure them in Spring configuration File.

i. BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
It is default HandlerMapping in Spring applications, it will be used by Spring framework when no
HandlerMapping is configured in Spring configuration file.
This HandlerMapping map URLs to beans with names that start with a slash ("/"), similar to how
Struts maps URLs to action names.
Spring Framework has provided this Handler mapping like
“org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping”.

EX:

 In the above configuration, if we submit request with the url

http://localhost:1010/app/welcome.htm then BeanUrlHandlermapping will forward request
to WelcomeController .

 In the above configuration, if we submit request with the url

http://localhost:1010/app/hello.htm then BeanUrlHandlermapping will forward request to
HelloController .

ii. SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
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This HandlerMapping is able to map Handler or Controller classes by matching URL path with the
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property key of the properties .

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Spring Framework has provided this HandlerMapping like
“org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlermapping”.

EX:

1. <beans>
2. ------
3. <bean name=‖addEmp‖ class=‖com.durgasoft.controller.AddEmployeeController‖/>
4. <bean name=‖searchEmp‖ class=‖com.durgasoft.controller.SearchEmployeeController‖/
>
5. <bean name=‖deleteEmp‖ class=‖com.durgasoft.controller.DeleteEmployeeController‖/>

6. <bean name=‖handlerMapping‖ class=―org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.Simple

UrlHandlermapping‖>
7. <property name=‖mappings‖>
8. <props>
9. <prop key=‖addEmployee.htm‖>addEmp</prop>
10. <prop key=‖searchEmployee.htm‖>searchEmp</prop>
11. <prop key=‖deleteEmployee.htm‖>deleteEmp</prop>
12. </props>
13. </property>
14. </bean>
15. </beans>

 If we submit request like http://localhost:1010/app/addEmployee.htm then

SimpleUrlHandlerMapping will forward request to AddEmployeeController class.

 If we submit request like http://localhost:1010/app/searchEmployee.htm then

SimpleUrlHandlerMapping will forward request to SearchEmployeeController class.

 If we submit request like http://localhost:1010/app/deleteEmployee.htm then

SimpleUrlHandlerMapping will forward request to DeleteEmployeeController class.

iii. ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping

This HandlerMapping follows a simple convention for generating URL path mappings from the
class names of registered Controller beans as well as @Controller annotated beans.
For simple Controller implementations (those that handle a single request type), the convention is
to take the short name of the Class, remove the 'Controller' suffix if it exists and return the
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remaining text, lower-cased, as the mapping, with a leading /. For example:

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Spring Framework has provided this HandlerMapping like

“org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping”.

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EX:

1. <beans>
2. ------
3. <bean id=‖welcome‖ class=‖com.durgasoft.controller.WelcomeController‖/>
4. <bean name=‖hello‖ class=‖com.durgasoft.controller.HelloController‖/>
5. <bean name=‖handlerMapping‖ class=―org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.C
ontrollerClassNameHandlerMapping‖/>
6.
7.
8. </beans>

 If we submit request like http://localhost:1010/app/welcome* then

BeanClassNameHandlerMapping will access WelcomeController class.

 If we submit request like http://localhost:1010/app/hello* then

BeanClassNameHandlerMapping

iv. CommonsPathMapHandlerMapping
The org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.CommonsPathMapHandlerMapping is one of the
implementation of HandlerMapping interface.

The org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.CommonsPathMapHandlerMapping is designed to

recognize Commons attributes meta data attributes of type PathMap defined in the application
controller and automatically wires them in to the current DiapatcherServlet's Web-application
context.

To use this HandlerMapping the controller class must have a class level metadata of the form
@org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.commonsattribures.PathMap("/mypath.spring").
We can configure multiple path maps for a single controller.

EX:

1. @org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.commonsattribures.PathMap(
2. "/mypath.spring")
3.
4. public class FirstController implements Controller {
5.
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6. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,

7. HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception {
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8. System.out.println("we are in handleRequest()");

9. ModelAndView mav=null;

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10. return mav;
11. }
12.

5. Controller Component:
The main intention of Controller in Spring web MVC is to manage application logic or to have
controller logic to manage Service layer provided business methods access.
To prepare Controller classes in Spring web MVC applications Spring framework has provided the
following predefined Library.

All the above Controller classes are the implementation of

org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller interface.
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller interface has provided the following method to
include business logic or controller component logic.
Public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws
Exception
In Spring web MVC application we can prepare Controller class either by implementing Controller
interface or by extending the above Controller classes.

Ex:

1. Public class LoginController implements Controller{

2. Public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse re
sponse)throws Exception{
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3. ------------
4. return new ModelAndView(―success‖);
5. }
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Where ModelAndView is an object that holds both the model and view. The handler returns the
ModelAndView object and DispatcherServlet resolves the view using View Resolvers and View.
The View is an object which contains view name in the form of the String and model is a map to
add multiple objects.
To create ModelAndView object we have to use the following constructors.
1. Public ModelAndView()
2. Public ModelAndView(String view_Name)
3. Public ModelAndView(String view_Name, Map model)
4. Public ModelAndView(String view_Name, HttpStatus status)
5. Public ModelAndView(String view_Name, String model_Name, Object model)
--------
----------
Note:If we want to use Controller classes in Spriong web MVC applications then we have to
configure in Spring configuration File.

6. Command Class:
The main intention of Command class is to store form data which is submitted by the client when
we use FormCommandControllers. It is like ActionForm component in Struts framework.

EX:

1. public class User{

2. private String uname;
3. private String upwd;
4. setXXX() and getXXX()
5. }

7. View Resolver:
In Spring MVC, view resolvers enable you to render models in a browser without tying you to a
specific view technology like JSP, Velocity, XML…etc.
There are two interfaces that are important to the way Spring handles views
are ViewResolverand View. The ViewResolver provides a mapping between view names and
actual views. The View interface addresses the preparation of the request and hands the request
over to one of the view technologies.

Spring Framework has provided the following ViewResolvers

 ViewResolver-View Resolvers get a org.springframework.web.servlet.View based on a
view name.
 ContentNegotiatingViewResolver-This is an implementation of a view resolver based on
443

the request file name or Accept header. This class delegates view resolution to other view
resolvers that are configured. The class uses the MediaType from the request to determine
Page

a view. The class first determines the MediaType, then asks each ViewResolver to return a

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BY NAGOOR BABU
view. The class then compares the all returned views‘ content type and the one that is most
compatible with the request MediaType is chosen.
 BeanNameViewResolver-This resolver implemenatation resolves a view name as a bean
name registered in the application context. In other words, the view is registered as a bean
and this resolver gets the name of that bean
 UrlBasedViewResolver-This directly resolves a view name to a URL without any explicit
mapping. The view names can be the URL themselves or a prefix or suffix can be added to
get the URL from the view name. To redirect a URL use the ‗redirect:‘ prefix. To forward a
URL use the ‗forward:‘ prefix.
 InternalResourceViewResolver-This is a subclass of UrlBasedViewResolver and
supports an InternalResourceView. An InternalResourceView is a wrapper for JSP or some
other resource that reside in the same web application. It exposes the model objects as
request attributes. If JSTL API is present then the resolver resolves the view name to a
JSTLView. An InternalResourceViewResolver needs to be last, if a chain of view resolvers
is used, since this resolves the view name irrespective of whether the actual resource is
present or not.
 FreeMarkerViewResolver-This is a subclass of UrlBasedViewResolver that supports
FreeMarkerView and its subclasses. The View Class generated can be specified by the
‗viewClass‘ property.
 VelocityViewResolver-This is a subclass of UrlBasedViewResolver that supports
VelocityView and its subclasses.
 JasperReportsViewResolver-Supports AbstractJasperReportsView by resolving the view
name to the URL of the report file.
 XsltViewResolver– Supports XsltView by resolving the view name to the URL of the XSLT
Stylesheet.

IN spring Web MVC applications we have to configure view Resolver in Spring configuration file
with the name ―viewResolver‖ id name.

EX:

1. <bean id=‖viewResolver‖ class=‖org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceVi

ewResolver‖>
2. <property name=‖prefix‖ value=‖WEB-INF‖/>
3. <property name=‖suffix‖ value=‖.jsp‖/>
4. </bean>

8. Spring Configuration File.

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In Spring web MVC application, Spring configuration file is recognized by WebApplicationContext

container with the name [DS_Logical_Name]-servlet.xml under WEB-INF folder.
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The main intention of Spring configuration file in Spring Web MVC application is to provide the
configuration details like,

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BY NAGOOR BABU
1. Controller classes and their dependencies configuration
2. HandlerMapping configuration.
3. ViewResolver Configuration
EX:

1. <beans>
2. -----
3. <bean name=‖/welcome.htm‖ class=‖com.durgasoft.controller.WelcomeController‖/>
4. <bean name=‖/hello.htm‖ class=‖com.durgasoft.controller.HelloController‖/>
5. <bean name=‖handlerMapping‖ class=‖org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.Bean
NameUrlHandlerMapping‖/>
6. <bean id=‖viewResolver‖ class=‖org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceVi
ewResolver‖>
7. <property name=‖prefix‖ value=‖WEB-INF‖/>
8. <property name=‖suffix‖ value=‖.jsp‖/>
9. </bean>
10. -------
11. </beans>

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Steps to prepare Spring web MVC Application

Steps to prepare Spring web MVC Application:

1. Create Dynamic web project with all spring JAR files in lib folder.
2. Pepare user forms as per the requirement.
3. Prepare Controller component and Command classes as per the requirement.
4. Prepare Spring configuration File
5. Create or Edit web.xml file with DispatcherServlet Configuration File.
Examples:
app1

446

wish.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

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2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html>
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h1>
12. Hello User!, ${message} .
13. </h1>
14. </body>
15. </html>

WishController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controllers;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
7.
8. public class WishController implements Controller {
9.
10. @Override
11. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
12. ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("wish","message", "Welcome to Spring WE
B MVC World");
13. return mav;
14. }
15.
16. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

447

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
Page

4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

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6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <bean name="/wish.ds" class="com.durgasoft.controllers.WishController"/>
13. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
14. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
15. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
16. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
17. </bean>
18. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app1</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
448

19. <url-pattern>*.ds</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
Page

21. </web-app>

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Application-2
index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <center>
11. <br><br>
12. <h3>
13. <a href="http://localhost:1010/app2/hello">hello</a>
14. <br><br>
15. <a href="http://localhost:1010/app2/welcome">welcome</a>
16. </h3>
17. </center>
18. </body>
19. </html>

hello.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h1>
11. Hello User!, This is Spring WEB MVC.
12. </h1>
13. </body>
14. </html>
449

welcome.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

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2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h1>Welcome User!, This is Spring WEB MVC.</h1>
11. </body>
12. </html>

HelloController.java

WelcomeController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controllers;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
450

5.
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
Page

7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
8.

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9. public class WelcomeController implements Controller {
10.
11. @Override
12. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse ar
g1) throws Exception {
13.
14. ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("welcome");
15. return mav;
16. }
17. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

web.xml
451

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
Page

instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.

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org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app2</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

Application-3

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
452

4. <html>
5. <head>
Page

6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>

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8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="hellopage"/>
11. </body>
12. </html>

helloform.html

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3>User Hello Form</h3>
12. <form action="wish">
13. <table>
14. <tr>
15. <td>User Name</td>
16. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr>
19. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
20. </tr>
21. </table>
22. </form>
23. </body>
24. </html>

wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html>
453

5. <html>
6. <head>
Page

7. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>

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9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h1>
12. Hello ${name}!
13. </h1>
14. </body>
15. </html>

HelloPageController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controllers;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7.
8. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
9.
10.
11. public class HelloPageController implements Controller {
12.
13. @Override
14. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse ar
g1) throws Exception {
15.
16. ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("helloform");
17. return mav;
18. }
19.
20. }

WishController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controllers;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
454

6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
Page

8.
9. public class WishController implements Controller {

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10.
11. @Override
12. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
13. ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("wish", "name", request.getParameter("una
me"));
14. return mav;
15. }
16. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <bean name="/hellopage" class="com.durgasoft.controllers.HelloPageController"/>
13. <bean name="/wish" class="com.durgasoft.controllers.WishController"/>
14.
15. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
16.
17. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
18. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
19. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
20. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/
ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
21. <display-name>app3</display-name>
22.
23. <servlet>
24. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
25. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
455

26. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
27. </servlet>
28. <servlet-mapping>
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29. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
30. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

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31. </servlet-mapping>
32. </web-app>
33.
34. </bean>
35. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Application-4:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
456

10. <jsp:forward page="loginpage"/>

11. </body>
12. </html>
Page

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loginform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3>User Login Page</h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="login">
13. <table>
14. <tr>
15. <td>User Name</td>
16. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr>
19. <td>Password</td>
20. <td><input type="password" name="upwd"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. <tr>
23. <td><input type="submit" value="Login"/></td>
24. </tr>
25. </table>
26. </form>
27. </body>
28. </html>

Success.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
457

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

8. </head>
Page

9. <body>
10. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>

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11. <h3>User Login Status</h3>
12. <br><br>
13. <h1> Login Success</h1>
14. </body>
15. </html>

failure.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

LoginPageController.java

13.
14.
Page

15. return new ModelAndView("loginform");

16. } }

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LoginController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controllers;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
8.
9. public class LoginController implements Controller {
10.
11. @Override
12. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
13. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
14. String upwd = request.getParameter("upwd");
15. ModelAndView mav = null;
16. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
17. mav = new ModelAndView("success");
18. }else {
19. mav = new ModelAndView("failure");
20. }
21. return mav;
22. }
23. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

11.
12. <bean name="/loginpage" class="com.durgasoft.controllers.LoginPageController"/>
Page

13. <bean name="/login" class="com.durgasoft.controllers.LoginController"/>

14.

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15. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
16.
17. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
18. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
19. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
20. </bean>
21. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app4</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>
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Annotations in Spring WEB MVC
Annotations in Spring WEB MVC

Spring Framework has provided annotations support right from its Spring 2.5 version. By using
Anotations in SPring Web MVC applications we are able to reduce the following configurations in
spring configuation file.

We can remove all Controller classes configuration.

We can remove HandlerMapping Class configuration.

Spring Web MVC Frame work has provided the following Annotations mainly.

1. @Controller
2. @RequestMapping
3. @RequestParam
4. @SessionAttributes

1. @Controller:

Before Spring 2.5, all controller classes must be configured in spring configuration file, But, from
Spring2.5 version, We are able to declare all controller classes with @Controller annotation to tell
the Spring container that this class is a controller.in this context, to give an intemation to the
Spring Container about the Controller classes and their locations we have to add the following tag
in spring configuration file.

<context:component-scan base-package="package name where controllet classes are existed" />

The above declaration(context:component-scan) tells the Spring container to auto scan the entire
package to identify the controller components.

EX:
@Controller
public class LoginController {
-----
}

2. @RequestMapping
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@RequestMapping annotation is used for defining the request urls based on the context root and
HTTP request methods like GET , POST, HEAD,... for the request.
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This Annotation is used as either Class level annotation or Method level Annotation.
Syntax:

@RequestMapping(value="/---" , method=---)
Where value member will take Request URL with / prefix.
Where method member will take the constants like GET, POST, HEAD,... from RequestMethod
enum.

EX:

@Controller
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping(value="/login", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView checkLogin(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response){
------
return new ModelAndView("success");
}
}

Note: It is not mandatory to return ModelAndView object from controller method, where we can
return String also but the parameter to Controller Method must be ModelMap, it will take model
attributes which we want to submit to View JSP page.

EX:

@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String printHello(ModelMap model) {
model.addAttribute("message", "Hello Spring MVC Framework!");
return "hello";
}
}

3.@RequestParam:

@RequestParam annotation will be used in the methods to bind the method parameters to the
request parameters. If the request is submitted by the browser, request parameters are passed
462

through the URL query parameters. That can be easily mapped to the methods by annotating the
method parameters with @RequestParam.
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Syntax:

@RequestParam("paramName")

EX:

@Controller
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping(value="/login", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView checkLogin(@RequestParameter("uname") String uname,
@RequestParameer("upwd") String upwd){
------
return new ModelAndView("success");
}
}

4.@SessionAttributes:

@SessionAttributes is used to define a variable name inorder to keep its Key-Value pair in
Session Scope and inorder to use that in multiple pages in the same web application.

Syntax:

@SessionAttributes("Param_Name")

EX:
@Controller
@SessionAttributes("status")
public class LoginController {
@RequestMapping(value="/login", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView checkLogin(@RequestParameter("uname") String uname,
@RequestParameer("upwd") String upwd, ModelMap map){
------
map.addAttribute("status", "Login SUCCESS");
return new ModelAndView("success");
}
}

status.jsp
463

1. <h1>
Page

2. <%
3. String status = session.getAttribute("status");

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4. out.println(status);
5. %>
6. </h1>

Example-5:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="loginpage"/>
11. </body>
12. </html>

loginform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

17. </tr>
18. <tr>
Page

19. <td>Password</td>
20. <td><input type="password" name="upwd"/></td>

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21. </tr>
22. <tr>
23. <td><input type="submit" value="Login"/></td>
24. </tr>
25. </table>
26. </form>
27. </body>
28. </html>

status.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h1>
11. Status : <%= session.getAttribute("status") %>
12. </h1>
13. <h3>
14. <a href="loginpage">|Login Form|</a>
15. </h3>
16. </body>
17. </html>

LoginController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controllers;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
465

9. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
10. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
Page

11.
12.

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13. @org.springframework.stereotype.Controller
14. @SessionAttributes("status")
15. public class LoginController {
16.
17. @RequestMapping("/loginpage")
18. public String loginPage(){
19. return "loginform";
20. }
21.
22.
23. @RequestMapping("/login")
24. public String login(@RequestParam("uname") String uname, @RequestParam("upwd")
String upwd, ModelMap map)throws Exception {
25. String status = "";
26. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
27. map.addAttribute("status", "Login Success");
28. }else {
29. map.addAttribute("status", "Login Failure");
30. }
31. return "status";
32. }
33. }

ds-servlet.java

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

14. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>

15. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
Page

16. </bean>
17. </beans>

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web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app4</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

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Spring Web MVC Application with MAVEN

Spring Web MVC Application with MAVEN

1. Create Maven Project

2. Select Archetype: web
3. Update pom.xml
4. Update web.xml
5. Provide all View Resources
6. Provide all Java Resources
7. Provide XML files
8. Run web application

index.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <jsp:forward page="hellopage"/>
4. </body>
5. </html>

helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue">User Hello Page</h3>
12. <form action="wish">
13. <table>
14. <tr>
15. <td>User Name</td>
16. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr>
19. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
20. </tr>
468

21. </table>
22. </form>
23. </body>
Page

24. </html>

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wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

HelloController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controllers;
2.
3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
4. import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
5. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
6. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
7.
8. @Controller
9. public class HelloController {
10. @RequestMapping("/hellopage")
11. public String helloPage() {
12.
13. return "helloform";
14. }
15.
16. @RequestMapping("/wish")
469

17. public String wish(@RequestParam("uname") String uname, ModelMap map) {

18. map.addAttribute("message", "Hello "+uname+"!");
Page

19. return "wish";

20. } }

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ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

web.xml

1. <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC

2. "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
3. "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
4.
5. <web-app>
6. <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
7. <servlet>
8. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
9. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
10. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
11. </servlet>
12. <servlet-mapping>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
15. </servlet-mapping>
470

16. </web-app>
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pom.xml

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/

XMLSchema-instance"
2. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven
-v4_0_0.xsd">
3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4. <groupId>com.durgasoft</groupId>
5. <artifactId>simpleapp</artifactId>
6. <packaging>war</packaging>
7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8. <name>simpleapp Maven Webapp</name>
9. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
10. <dependencies>
11. <dependency>
12. <groupId>junit</groupId>
13. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
14. <version>3.8.1</version>
15. <scope>test</scope>
16. </dependency>
17.
18. <dependency>
19. <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
20. <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
21. <version>3.1.0</version>
22. <scope>provided</scope>
23. </dependency>
24.
25. <dependency>
26. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
27. <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
28. <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
29. </dependency>
30.
31.
32. <dependency>
33. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
34. <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
35. <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
471

36. </dependency>
37.
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38.
39. <dependency>

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40. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
41. <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
42. <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
43. </dependency>
44.
45. <dependency>
46. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
47. <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
48. <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
49. </dependency>
50.
51. </dependencies>
52. <build>
53. <finalName>simpleapp</finalName>
54. <plugins>
55. <plugin>
56. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
57. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
58. <version>3.8.0</version>
59. <configuration>
60. <source>1.8</source>
61. <target>1.8</target>
62. </configuration>
63. </plugin>
64. <plugin>
65. <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
66. <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
67. <version>2.3-SNAPSHOT</version>
68. </plugin>
69. </plugins>
70. </build>
71. </project>

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Controller Classes
The main intention of Controller classes is to manage business logic or to include code inorder
access the business logic existed with Business components.

To prepare Controller classes, Spring framework has provided a set of predefined classes in
"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc" package an which are implemented by Controller
interface.

AbstractController:
This Controller Classe will be used to prepare Controller classes where no form data submission
in request, but, it will dispay dynamic content through web pages.

AbstractController class is able to have the following method to have Business logic or the code to
access business components.

public ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse

response)throws Exception

In general, we will use this Controller class in the following situations.

When we click on "view profile" link in facebook account, generating profile data
When we click on "Get all Jobs" link JOB Portals
473

-----
Note: In all the cases, no form submission is going on, but, dynamic content will be included in
Page

response.

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Example:
index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

WishController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3.
4. import java.time.LocalTime;
5.
474

6. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
7. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
Page

8.
9. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

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10. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
11.
12. public class WishController extends AbstractController {
13.
14. @Override
15. protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServl
etResponse response) throws Exception {
16. LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
17. int hour = time.getHour();
18. String wish_Message = "";
19. if(hour<12) {
20. wish_Message = "Good Morning";
21. }else if(hour < 17 ){
22. wish_Message = "Good After noon";
23. }else {
24. wish_Message = "Good Evening";
25. }
26. return new ModelAndView("wish", "message", wish_Message);
27. }
28. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

15. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>

16. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
Page

17. </bean>
18. </beans>

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web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

There are three types of AbstractControler classes.

1. ParameterizableViewController
2. MultiActionController
3. BaseCommandController
1. ParameterizableViewController

 Spring framework has provided this controller class in the form of

"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ParameterizableViewController".
 The main intention of this controller class is to display web pages with out processing
request.
 In ParameterizableViewController classes, it is not required to define any user defined
controller class, rather , it must be configured in Spring configuration file directly and it will
take "viewName" property with the logical name of the view name inorder to open JSP
page.
 IN general, we will use mechanism when we want to get some web pages just by clicking
on hyper links.
EX: If we click on "contactUs" and "aboutUs" links in webpages then we are able to get contactUs
web page and aboutUs web page.

Example:
476

index.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

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3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="home"/>
11. </body>
12. </html>

home.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html>
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h1 align="center">
12. <a href="contactUs">ContactUs</a>
13. <a href="aboutUs">AboutUs</a>
14. </h1>
15. </body>
16. </html>

contactUs.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
477

8. </head>
9. <body>
Page

10. <h2 style="color:red" align="center">

11. Durga Software Solutions<br>

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12. 202, HMDA, Mitrivanam, Hyd-38<br>
13. Website:www.durgasoft.com<br>
14. Mobile: 9246212143, 8885252627
15. </h2><br><br>
16. <h3>
17. <a href="home"/>Home Page</a>
18. </h3>
19. </body>
20. </html>

aboutUs.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color:red" align="center">
11. Durga Software Solutions is an IT Training Center, it has 40 branches through out the world
.<br>
12. Durga Software Solutions has started in 2007, Oct, 2nd on the occasion of Gandhi Jayanthi
.<br>
13. Durga Software Solutions has started Development Center at Madhapur to provide Softwar
e Services.
14. </h2><br><br><br>
15. <h3>
16. <a href="home"/>Home Page</a>
17. </h3>
18. </body>
19. </html>

HomeController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
478

3.
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
Page

5. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
6.

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7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
9.
10. public class HomeController extends AbstractController {
11.
12. @Override
13. protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServl
etResponse response) throws Exception {
14. return new ModelAndView("home");
15. }
16. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <bean name="/home" class="com.durgasoft.controller.HomeController"/>
13. <bean name="/contactUs" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameterizable
ViewController">
14. <property name="viewName" value="contactUs"/>
15. </bean>
16. <bean name="/aboutUs" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ParameterizableV
iewController">
17. <property name="viewName" value="aboutUs"/>
18. </bean>
19. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
20. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
21. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
479

22. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

23. </bean>
Page

24. </beans>

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web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Internal Flow:
handleRequestInternal() method will be executed, it will return "viewName" property value as
ModelAndView object , that is, logical name of the View, where ViewResolver will resolve the View
Page and generate the respective webpage as response.

EX:
public class ParameterizableViewController extends Abstractcontroller{
public ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpservletResponse response)throws Exception{
return new ModelAndView(getViewName());
}
}

MultiActionController:
In general, in Spring WEB MVC applications, we will for each and every form or an URI we will
prepare a separate Controller class depending on our requirement.

In the above approach, if we want to provide a particular Entity related actions like save, update,
search and delete then we have to prepare seperate Controller classes like SaveController,
UpdateController, SearchController, DeleteController... it will increase no of controller classes
480

unnecessarily.
Page

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In the above context, to reduce no of controller classes, SPring Framework has provided an
alternative in the fomr of
"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController".

The main intention of MultiActionController class is to group related actions into a single controller
class.

If we want to use MultiAction controller class in Spring WEB MVC applications then we have to
declare an user defined class as sub class to "MultiActionController" and we have to define action
methods with the same incoming URI names.

public (ModelAndView | Map | String | void) actionName(HttpServletRequest request,

HttpServletResponse response);

Ex:

1. public class StudentController extends MultiActionController{

2. public ModelAndView save(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)throws Ex
ception{
3. ----
4. }
5. public ModelAndView search(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)throws
Exception{
6. ----
7. }
8. public ModelAndView update(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)throws
Exception{
9. ----
10. }
11. public ModelAndView delete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)throws
Exception{
12. ----
13. }
14. }
15.
16. To trap all request to the MultiActionController class and to execute action methods we hav
e to use '/' as "name" attribute value in "bean" configuration in Spring Configuration File.
17.
18. <bean name="/" class="com.durgasoft.controller.StudentController"/>
481

19.
20. In the above context, if we submit "http://lh:1010/app/save" then save() method in StudentA
Page

ction class will be executed, similarily, search(), update(), delete(),.. methods will be execut
ed as per the URI values from clients like search, update, delete...

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Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

home.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
482

6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
Page

8. </head>

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9. <body>
10. <br><br><br>
11. <center>
12. <a href="addpage">Add Form</a><br><br>
13. <a href="searchpage">Search Form</a><br><br>
14. <a href="updatepage">Update Form</a><br><br>
15. <a href="deletepage">Delete Form</a>
16. </center>
17. </body>
18. </html>

addform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <br><br><br>
11. <center>
12. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
13. <h3 style="color: blue">Student Add Form</h3>
14. <form action="add" method="POST">
15.
16. <table>
17. <tr>
18. <td>Student Id</td>
19. <td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>
20. </tr>
21. <tr>
22. <td>Student Name</td>
23. <td><input type="text" name="sname"/></td>
24. </tr>
25. <tr>
26. <td>Student Address</td>
483

27. <td><input type="text" name="saddr"/></td>

28. </tr>
Page

29. <tr>
30. <td><input type="submit" value="ADD"/></td>

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31. </tr>
32. </table>
33.
34. </form>
35. </center>
36. </body>
37. </html>

searchform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <center>
11. <br><br><br>
12. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
13. <h3 style="color: blue">Student Search Form</h3>
14. <form action="search" method="POST">
15. <table>
16. <tr>
17. <td>Student Id</td>
18. <td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td><input type="submit" value="SEARCH"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. </table>
24. </form>
25. </center>
26. </body>
27. </html>

updateform.jsp
484

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

Page

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>

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4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <br><br><br>
11. <center>
12. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
13. <h3 style="color: blue">Student Update Form</h3>
14. <form action="editform" method="POST">
15. <table>
16. <tr>
17. <td>Student Id</td>
18. <td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td><input type="submit" value="GetEditForm"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. </table>
24. </form>
25. </center>
26. </body>
27. </html>

student_edit_form.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

13. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>

14. <h3 style="color: blue">Student Edit Form</h3>
Page

15. <form method="POST" action="update">

16. <table>

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17. <tr>
18. <td>Student Id</td>
19. <td>${sto.sid} <input type="hidden" name="sid" value='${sto.sid}'/></td>
20. </tr>
21. <tr>
22. <td>Student Name</td>
23. <td><input type='text' name='sname' value='${sto.sname}'/></td>
24. </tr>
25. <tr>
26. <td>Student Address</td>
27. <td><input type='text' name='saddr' value='${sto.saddr}'/></td>
28. </tr>
29. <tr>
30. <td><input type="submit" value="UPDATE"></td>
31. </tr>
32. </table>
33.
34. </form>
35. </center>
36. </body>
37.
38. </html>

deleteform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

15. <table >

16. <tr>
Page

17. <td>Student Id</td>

18. <td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>

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19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td><input type="submit" value="DELETE"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. </table>
24. </form>
25. </center>
26. </body>
27. </html>

student.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html>
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <br><br><br>
12. <center>
13. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
14. <h3 style="color: blue">Student Details</h3>
15. <table border='1'>
16. <tr>
17. <td>Student Id</td>
18. <td>${sto.sid}</td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td>Student Name</td>
22. <td>${sto.sname}</td>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td>Student Address</td>
26. <td>${sto.saddr}</td>
27. </tr>
487

28. </table>
29. <h3>
Page

30. <a href="home">Home Page</a>

31. </h3>

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32. </center>
33. </body>
34. </html>

status.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html>
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <br><br><br>
12. <h2 style="color: red" align="center">
13. ${message}
14. </h2>
15. <h3 align="center">
16. <a href="home">Home Page</a>
17. </h3>
18. </body>
19. </html>

HomeController.java

12. protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletR

esponse arg1) throws Exception {
Page

13.
14. return new ModelAndView("home");

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15. }
16. }

StudentAction.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController;
8.
9. import com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDao;
10. import com.durgasoft.dto.StudentTo;
11.
12. public class StudentAction extends MultiActionController {
13. StudentDao studentDao;
14. String status = "";
15. String message = "";
16.
17. public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
18. this.studentDao = studentDao;
19. }
20.
21. public ModelAndView add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception{
22. StudentTo sto = new StudentTo();
23. sto.setSid(request.getParameter("sid"));
24. sto.setSname(request.getParameter("sname"));
25. sto.setSaddr(request.getParameter("saddr"));
26. status = studentDao.add(sto);
27. if(status.equals("success")) {
28.
29. message = "Student Added Successfully";
30. }
31. if(status.equals("failure")) {
32. message = "Student Insertion Failure";
33. }
489

34. if(status.equals("existed")) {
35. message = "Student Existed Already";
Page

36. }
37. return new ModelAndView("status", "message", message);

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38. }
39.
40. public ModelAndView search(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse respon
se)throws Exception{
41. String sid = request.getParameter("sid");
42. StudentTo sto = studentDao.search(sid);
43. ModelAndView mav = null;
44. if(sto == null) {
45. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "Student Not Existed");
46. }else {
47. mav = new ModelAndView("student", "sto", sto);
48. }
49. return mav;
50. }
51.
52. public ModelAndView editform(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse respo
nse)throws Exception{
53. String sid = request.getParameter("sid");
54. StudentTo sto = studentDao.search(sid);
55. ModelAndView mav = null;
56. if(sto == null) {
57. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "Student Not Existed");
58. }else {
59. mav = new ModelAndView("student_edit_form", "sto", sto);
60. }
61. return mav;
62. }
63.
64. public ModelAndView update(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse respon
se)throws Exception{
65. StudentTo sto = new StudentTo();
66. sto.setSid(request.getParameter("sid"));
67. sto.setSname(request.getParameter("sname"));
68. sto.setSaddr(request.getParameter("saddr"));
69.
70. String status = studentDao.update(sto);
71. ModelAndView mav = null;
72. if(status.equals("success")) {
73. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "Student Updation Success");
490

74. }else {
75. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "Student Updation Failure");
Page

76. }
77. return mav;

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78. }
79.
80. public ModelAndView delete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse respons
e)throws Exception{
81. ModelAndView mav = null;
82. String sid = request.getParameter("sid");
83. status = studentDao.delete(sid);
84. if(status.equals("success")) {
85. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "Student Deleted Successfully");
86. }
87. if(status.equals("notexisted")) {
88. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "Student Not Existed");
89. }
90. if(status.equals("failure")) {
91. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "Student Deletion Failure");
92. }
93. return mav;
94. }
95. }

StudentDao.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.dto.StudentTo;
4.
5. public interface StudentDao {
6. public String add(StudentTo sto);
7. public StudentTo search(String sid);
8. public String update(StudentTo sto);
9. public String delete(String sid);
10. }
11.
12. StudentDaoImpl.java
13. --------------------
14. package com.durgasoft.dao;
15.
16. import java.util.List;
17.
491

18. import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

19.
Page

20. import com.durgasoft.dto.StudentTo;

21.

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22. public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
23. private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
24. String status = "";
25. public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
26. this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
27. }
28.
29. @Override
30. public String add(StudentTo sto) {
31. String query1 = "select * from student where SID = '"+sto.getSid()+"'";
32. List<StudentTo> std_List = jdbcTemplate.query(query1, (resultSet, i) -> {
33. StudentTo std_Entity = new StudentTo();
34. std_Entity.setSid(resultSet.getString("SID"));
35. std_Entity.setSname(resultSet.getString("SNAME"));
36. std_Entity.setSaddr(resultSet.getString("SADDR"));
37. return std_Entity;
38. });
39. if(std_List.isEmpty()) {
40. String query2 = "insert into student values('"+sto.getSid()+"','"+sto.getSname()+"','"+
sto.getSaddr()+"')";
41. int rowCount = jdbcTemplate.update(query2);
42. if(rowCount == 1) {
43. status = "success";
44. }else {
45. status = "failure";
46. }
47. }else {
48. status = "existed";
49. }
50.
51. return status;
52. }
53. @Override
54. public StudentTo search(String sid) {
55. StudentTo sto = null;
56. String query = "select * from student where SID = '"+sid+"'";
57. List<StudentTo> std_List = jdbcTemplate.query(query, (resultSet, i) ->{
58. StudentTo std_Entity = new StudentTo();
59. std_Entity.setSid(resultSet.getString("SID"));
492

60. std_Entity.setSname(resultSet.getString("SNAME"));
61. std_Entity.setSaddr(resultSet.getString("SADDR"));
Page

62. return std_Entity;

63. });

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64. if(std_List.isEmpty()) {
65. sto = null;
66. }else {
67. sto = std_List.get(0);
68. }
69. return sto;
70. }
71.
72. @Override
73. public String update(StudentTo sto) {
74. String query = "update student set SNAME = '"+sto.getSname()+"', SADDR = '"+sto.ge
tSaddr()+"' where SID = '"+sto.getSid()+"'";
75. int rowCount = jdbcTemplate.update(query);
76. if(rowCount == 1) {
77. status = "success";
78. }else {
79. status = "failure";
80. }
81. return status;
82. }
83.
84. @Override
85. public String delete(String sid) {
86. String query1 = "select * from student where SID = '"+sid+"'";
87. List<StudentTo> std_List = jdbcTemplate.query(query1, (resultSet, i) ->{
88. StudentTo std_Entity = new StudentTo();
89. std_Entity.setSid(resultSet.getString("SID"));
90. std_Entity.setSname(resultSet.getString("SNAME"));
91. std_Entity.setSaddr(resultSet.getString("SADDR"));
92. return std_Entity;
93. });
94. if(std_List.isEmpty()) {
95. status = "notexisted";
96. }else {
97. String query2 = "delete from student where SID = '"+sid+"'";
98. int rowCount = jdbcTemplate.update(query2);
99. if(rowCount == 1) {
100. status = "success";
101. }else {
493

102. status = "failure";

103. }
Page

104. }
105.

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106. return status;
107. }
108. }

StudentTo.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dto;
2.
3. public class StudentTo {
4. private String sid;
5. private String sname;
6. private String saddr;
7.
8. public String getSid() {
9. return sid;
10. }
11. public void setSid(String sid) {
12. this.sid = sid;
13. }
14. public String getSname() {
15. return sname;
16. }
17. public void setSname(String sname) {
18. this.sname = sname;
19. }
20. public String getSaddr() {
21. return saddr;
22. }
23. public void setSaddr(String saddr) {
24. this.saddr = saddr;
25. }
26.
27.
28. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
494

3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
Page

5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="

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7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerData
Source">
13. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver" />
14. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe" />
15. <property name="username" value="system" />
16. <property name="password" value="durga" />
17. </bean>
18.
19. <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
20. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
21. </bean>
22.
23. <bean id="studentDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDaoImpl">
24. <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
25. </bean>
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. <bean name="/home" class="com.durgasoft.controller.HomeController"/>
31. <bean name="/addpage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameterizable
ViewController">
32. <property name="viewName" value="addform"/>
33. </bean>
34. <bean name="/searchpage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameterizab
leViewController">
35. <property name="viewName" value="searchform"/>
36. </bean>
37. <bean name="/updatepage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameteriza
bleViewController">
38. <property name="viewName" value="updateform"/>
39. </bean>
40. <bean name="/deletepage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameterizabl
eViewController">
495

41. <property name="viewName" value="deleteform"/>

42. </bean>
Page

43.
44. <bean name="/*" class="com.durgasoft.controller.StudentAction">

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45. <property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao"/>
46. </bean>
47.
48. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
49.
50. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
51. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
52. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
53. </bean>
54. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerData
Source">
13. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver" />
14. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe" />
15. <property name="username" value="system" />
16. <property name="password" value="durga" />
17. </bean>
18.
19. <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
20. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
21. </bean>
22.
23. <bean id="studentDao" class="com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDaoImpl">
496

24. <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>

25. </bean>
Page

26.
27.

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BY NAGOOR BABU
28.
29.
30. <bean name="/home" class="com.durgasoft.controller.HomeController"/>
31. <bean name="/addpage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameterizable
ViewController">
32. <property name="viewName" value="addform"/>
33. </bean>
34. <bean name="/searchpage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameterizab
leViewController">
35. <property name="viewName" value="searchform"/>
36. </bean>
37. <bean name="/updatepage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameteriza
bleViewController">
38. <property name="viewName" value="updateform"/>
39. </bean>
40. <bean name="/deletepage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameterizabl
eViewController">
41. <property name="viewName" value="deleteform"/>
42. </bean>
43.
44. <bean name="/*" class="com.durgasoft.controller.StudentAction">
45. <property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao"/>
46. </bean>
47.
48. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
49.
50. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
51. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
52. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
53. </bean>
54. </beans>

To run the above application we need the following jar files in web application lib folder.
o commons-logging-1.2.jar
o ojdbc6.jar
o spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
o spring-aspects-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
497

o spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
o spring-context-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
o spring-context-support-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
Page

o spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar

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o spring-expression-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
o spring-jdbc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
o spring-tx-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
o spring-web-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
o spring-webmvc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar

3. Command Controllers:

Command Class:

Command Class is a normal Java Bean class, it can be instantiate by Spring WEB MVC
framework inorder to store form data which is submitted by the respective Client along with
request.

The main intention to store form data in Command Class objects is

1. To make available form data to Business Logic to use.
2. To transfer form data from Controller Layer to View Layer like DTO[Fata Transfer
Object]
3. To perform Server side Data Validatins before using data in Business logic.
To use Command classes in Spring WEB MVC applications, we have to use the following
conventions.
1. Command class must be a normal JAVA Bean class.
2. Command class must be a public, non-abstract and non-final class.
3. Command class must have the properties whose names must be same as the form
properties name.
4. In Command class, we must provide a seperate setXXX() method and getXXX() method for
each and every property.
5. In Command classesm we have to declare all properties as private and methods as
public.
6. If we want to provide constructor in Command class then we can provide constructor,
but, it must be public and 0-argument constructor.
7. It is suggestible to implement java.io.Serializable interface
EX:

1. public class Student implements Serializable{

2. private String sid;
3. private String sname;
4. private String saddr;
5. setXXX() and getXXX()
498

6. }
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Note: In Spring WEB MVC applications, Framework will create a seperate Command object for
each and every request which is generated from form.

If we want to use Command classes in Spring WEB MVC Applications then we have to use
Command Controller Classes.

Spring has provided the following Command Controller classes to use Command classes.
1. BaseCommandController
2. AbstractCommandController
3. AbstractFormController
4. SimpleFormController
5. AbstractWizardFormController

1. BaseCommandController:

It is an abstract class provided by SpringFramework as

"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.BaseCommandController".

It is a base class for all Command Controller classes which are wishing to populate request
parameters data in Command class objects.

Note: It is a deprecated abstract class , it was not existed in Spring4.x version.

2. AbstractCommandController:

It is an abstract class provided by Spring Framework as

"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractCommandController" with the following
methods.
 protected abstract ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, java.lang.Object command, BindException errors)
 protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)

This controller class will populate form data in Command class objects automatically by creating
Command class object for each and every request.

In general, we will use Controller class when we have form submission from client and when we
dont want to perform Data Validations at Server side.
499

If we want to use this CommandController class then we have to declare an user defined class
and it must be extended from "AbstractCommandController" abstract class and we must override
Page

handle(--) method.

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Note: In User defined Controller class , we have to provide 0-arg constructor, where we have to
set command class by using the following method.
public void setCommandClass(Class class)
or
set the following properties in Controller class configuration in Spring configuration file.

1.commandName: any name

2.commandClass: Fully qualified name of the Command class.
EX:

<bean name="/login" class="com.durgasoft.controller.LoginController">

Note: AbstractCommandController class is deprecated and it was removed from Spring4.x

version, so that, to execute the below application we have to use either Spring2.5 versin or atleast
Spring3.x version.

EX:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

loginform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

500

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
Page

4. <html>
5. <head>

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6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue">User Login Page</h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="login">
13. <table>
14. <tr>
15. <td>User Name</td>
16. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr>
19. <td>Password</td>
20. <td><input type="password" name="upwd"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. <tr>
23. <td><input type="submit" value="Login"/></td>
24. </tr>
25. </table>
26. </form>
27. </body>
28. </html>

status.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: green">User Logic Status </h3>
12. <h2 style="color: blue">${message}</h2>
13. <h3>
501

14. <a href="loginpage">Login Form</a>

15. </h3>
Page

16. </body>
17. </html>

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LoginController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractCommandController;
9.
10.
11. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
12.
13. public class LoginController extends AbstractCommandController{
14. @Override
15. protected ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse res
ponse, Object command, BindException exception)
16. throws Exception {
17. User user = (User)command;
18. String uname = user.getUname();
19. String upwd = user.getUpwd();
20. ModelAndView mav = null;
21. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
22. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "User Login Success");
23. }else {
24. mav = new ModelAndView("status", "message", "User Login Failure");
25. }
26. return mav;
27. }
28. }

User.java

1. package com.durgasoft.command;
2.
3. import java.io.Serializable;
4.
5. public class User implements Serializable{
502

6. private String uname;

7. private String upwd;
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8.
9. public String getUname() {

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10. return uname;
11. }
12. public void setUname(String uname) {
13. this.uname = uname;
14. }
15. public String getUpwd() {
16. return upwd;
17. }
18. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
19. this.upwd = upwd;
20. }
21. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

23. <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceVi

ewResolver">
Page

24. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>

25. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

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26. </bean>
27. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app7</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

3. AbstractFormController

It is an abstract class provided by Spring Framework as

"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractFormController" with the following methods.
 protected ModelAndView processFormSubmission(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, Object command,BindException exception) throws
Exception {
 protected ModelAndView showForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response, BindException exception)throws Exception {
504

 Where processFormSubmission() method will handle the request , It will include the
application logic which we want to execute after submmitting form, It will be executed when
Page

we submit POST rquest from the user form.

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 Where we have to override showForm() method to prepare view name and it will be
executed when we submitted GET request from client.

This controller class will populate form data in Command class objects automatically eithet by
creating Command class object for each and every request or it will reuse the command class
object from session scope if we set "sessionForm" property value true.

In general, we will use Controller class when we have form submission from client and when we
dont want to perform Data Validations at Server side.

If we want to use this CommandController class then we have to declare an user defined class
and it must be extended from "AbstractCommandController" abstract class and we must override
processFormSubmission(--) method and showForm() method.

Note: In User defined Controller class , we have to provide 0-arg constructor, where we have to
set command class by using the following method.
public void setCommandClass(Class class)
or
We have to set the following properties in Controller bean configurations in spring configuration
file.
1. sessionForm --> true
2. commandName --> any name
3. commandClass --> Fully qualified name of the command class.

Note: AbstractFormController class is deprecated in Spring3.x version, to use this Controller class
we have to use either Spring2.5 version atleast Spring3.x version.

Example:
index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
505

10. <jsp:forward page="reg"/>

11. </body>
Page

12. </html>

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registrationform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue" align="center">User Registration Page </h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="reg">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>Student Id</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="sid"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td>Student Name</td>
21. <td><input type="text" name="sname"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. <tr>
24. <td>Student Email</td>
25. <td><input type="text" name="semail"/></td>
26. </tr>
27. <tr>
28. <td>Student Mobile</td>
29. <td><input type="text" name="smobile"/></td>
30. </tr>
31. <tr>
32. <td><input type="submit" value="Registration"/></td>
33. </tr>
34. </table>
35. </center>
36. </form>
506

37. </body>
38. </html>
Page

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registrationdetails.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">Student Registration Details</h3>
12. <center>
13. <table border='1'>
14. <tr>
15. <td>Student Id</td>
16. <td>${student.sid}</td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr>
19. <td>Student Name</td>
20. <td>${student.sname}</td>
21. </tr>
22. <tr>
23. <td>Student Email Id</td>
24. <td>${student.semail}</td>
25. </tr>
26. <tr>
27. <td>Student Mobile No</td>
28. <td>${student.smobile}</td>
29. </tr>
30. </table>
31. </center>
32. </body>
33. </html>

Student.java
507

1. package com.durgasoft.command;
2.
Page

3. public class Student {

4. private String sid;

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5. private String sname;
6. private String semail;
7. private String smobile;
8.
9. public String getSid() {
10. return sid;
11. }
12. public void setSid(String sid) {
13. this.sid = sid;
14. }
15. public String getSname() {
16. return sname;
17. }
18. public void setSname(String sname) {
19. this.sname = sname;
20. }
21. public String getSemail() {
22. return semail;
23. }
24. public void setSemail(String semail) {
25. this.semail = semail;
26. }
27. public String getSmobile() {
28. return smobile;
29. }
30. public void setSmobile(String smobile) {
31. this.smobile = smobile;
32. }
33. }

StudentController.java

8. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractFormController;
9.
Page

10.
11. import com.durgasoft.command.Student;

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12.
13. public class StudentController extends AbstractFormController {
14.
15. @Override
16. protected ModelAndView processFormSubmission(HttpServletRequest request, HttpSer
vletResponse response, Object command,
17. BindException exception) throws Exception {
18. Student student = (Student)command;
19. ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("registrationdetails", "student", student);
20. return mav;
21. }
22.
23. @Override
24. protected ModelAndView showForm(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse ar
g1, BindException arg2)
25. throws Exception {
26.
27. return new ModelAndView("registrationform");
28. }
29. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

17. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN

ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
Page

18. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso

urceViewResolver">

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19. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
20. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
21. </bean>
22. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app11</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

Spring MVC Tag Library:

In SPring WEB MVC based applications, to prepare Presentation or View part we are able to use
basic View technologies like HTML, JSP, JSTL , Velocity , Free Marker,......

In Spring WEB MVC based applications, to prepare User Forms Spring WEB MVC framework has
given a seperate tag library.
510

To use Spring WEB MVC web applications if we want to use Spring provided tag library then we
have to use keep spring-webmvc.jar in web application lib folder and we have to use the following
Page

URL in "uri" attribute in <taglib> directive.

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http://www.springframework.org/tags/form

EX: <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>

Spring has provided the following set of form tags to prepare User forms.

1.<form:form>

It is same as html <form> tag, it will gather/group all other Html components to take data from
users inorder to submit data to Server side application.

Syntax:

<form:form method=‖—― action=‖—― commandName=‖---―>

</form:form>

 Where ―method‖ attribute will take HTTP-Method like GET or POST,….

 Where ―action‖ attribute will take action URI of the respective ontroller class.
 Where ―commandName‖ attribute will take Command class object logical name , which
must be same as the value which is specified along with ―commandName‖ property in
controller class configuration in Spring configuration file inorder to store form data in the
Command class object.
EX:

registrationform.jsp

<form:form method=‖POST‖ action=‖reg‖ commandName=‖user‖>

</form:form>

User.java

public class User{

----
}

ds-servlet.xml

<beans>
-----
511

<bean name="reg" class="com.durgasoft.controller.RegistrationController">

<property name="commandName" value="user"/>
Page

<property name="commandClass" value="com.durgasoft.command.User"/>

-----

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</bean>
----
</beans>

2. <form:input>

This tag is same as HTML <input type=‖text‖/> tag, it will create textfield in user form , it is an input
GUI component, it will take a line text data from Users.

Syntax:

<form:input path="--" size="--" value="--"/>

 Where "path" attribute will take reference name to the text field and it must be same as a
property in Command class having setter and getter method.
 Where "size" attribute will take textfield size.
 Where "value" attribute will take a default message to display while preparing text field.

<form:form .... >

User Name<form:input path="uname" size="20"/>
</form:form>

In Command class, we must declare "uname" as String property.

public class User{
----
private String uname;
----
public void setUname(String uname){
this.uname = uname;
}
public String getUname(){
return uname;
}
----
}

3. <form:password>

It will generate password field in user form, it is same as "<input type="password"/>" tag, it will
512

take password data from users.

Page

Syntax:

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<form:password path="--" value="--" showPassword="--"/>

 Where "path" atribute will take reference name to the password field, it must be same as
the property defined in the respective Command class having setter and getter methods.
 Where "value" atrribute will take default password value to display while creating password
field.
 Where "showPassword" property will take either true/false value to show or not to show
password data in password field while providing password data.
EX:

<form:form ----->
User Password<form:password name="upwd" showPassword="false"/>
</form:form>

In Command class:
public class User{
private String upwd;
----
public void setUpwd(String upwd){
this.upwd = upwd;
}
public String getUpwd(){
return upwd;
}
---
}

Note: "showPassword" attribute is not working in Applications as part of my testing, but, Spring
Framework has provided "showPassword" attribute in documentation.
4. <form:checkbox>

It will provide checkbox in user form, it is same as Html <input type="checkbox"> tag and it will
submit a boolean value to the Server side application on the basis of the selection. If we select
checkbox then it will send "true" value , if we are not selecting checkbox then it will send false
value to server side application.

Syntax:
513

<form:checkbox path="--" value="--"/>

 Where "path" attribute will take reference name to the checkbox, it must be same as the
Page

boolean property existed in Command class having setXXX() and isXXX() method.

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 Where "value" will take a value to send to the Server side application, where at Server side
Command class we need a property of String or xxx data type with setXXX() and getXXX()
method.
Ex:

<form:form ---->
R U Married?<form:checkbox path="Married"/>
</form:form>

In Command Class:
public class User{
private boolean married;
----
public void setMarried(boolean married){
this.married = married;
}
public boolean isMarried(){
return married;
}
}

EX:

<form:form --- >

R u Married? <form:checkbox path="maritalStatus" value="Married"/>
</form:form>

In Command Class:
public class User{
private String maritalStatus;
----
public void setMaritalStatus(String maritalStatus) {
this.maritalStatus = maritalStatus;
}
public String getMaritalStatus() {
if(maritalStatus == null || maritalStatus.equals("")) {
maritalStatus="Not Married";
}
return maritalStatus;
514

}
----
Page

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5. <form:checkboxes>

It will provide collection of checkboxes to select items.

Syntax:

<form:checkboxes path="--" items="--"/>

 Where "path" attribute will take reference value of all checkboxes , it must have a property
of String[] in the respective command class having setXXX() and getXXX() methods.
 Where "items" attribute will take an expression including a property from Command class
providing checkbox labels and values or a Property data which is generated by overriding
referenceData() method in controller class.

EX:

<form:form ---- >

User Quaqlifications<form:checkboxes path="uqual" items="{qual_List}"/>
</form:form>

In Controller class:
public class RegistrationController extends SimpleFormController{

@Override
protected Map referenceData(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
List<String> qual_List = new ArrayList<>();
qual_List.add("BSC");
qual_List.add("BTech");
qual_List.add("MCA");
qual_List.add("MTech");
qual_List.add("PHD");
map.put("qual_List", qual_List);
return map;
}

@Override
protected ModelAndView onSubmit(Object command) throws Exception {
User user = (User)command;
515

return new ModelAndView("status", "user", user);

}
Page

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In Command Class:
public class User{
private String[] uqual;
----
public void setUqual(String[] uqual){
this.uqual = uqual;
}
public String getUqual(){
return uqual;
}
}

6. <form:radiobutton>

It will display a radio button to select an item, it is same as html

<input type="radio"> tag.

Syntax:

<form:radiobutton path="--" value="--"/>

 Where "path" attribute will take a reference name , it must be same as the property in
Command class having setXXX() method and getXXX() method.
 Where "value" attribute will take radio button value inorder to send to Server side
application.
EX:

<form:radiobutton path="ugender" value="Male"/>Male

<form:radiobutton path="ugender" value="Female"/>Female
In Command class:

public class User{

private String ugender;
----
public void setUgender(String ugender){
this.ugender = ugender;
}
public String getUgender(){
return ugender;
516

}
---
Page

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7. <formradiobuttons>

It will provide multiple radio buttons as a group to select one item.

Syntax:

<form:radiobuttons path="--" items="--"/>

 Where "path" attribute will take reference name to the radio buttons which same as the
property name in command class inorder to store the seleted radio button value.
 Where "items" attribute will take the property name of the List or String[] which contains all
the names of the Radio Buttons which is generated from referencedData() method from the
respective controller class.
EX:

<form:radiobuttons path="uworkLocation" items="${uworkLocation}"/>

In Command class:
public class User{
private String uworkLocation;
----
public void setUworkLocation(String uworkLocation){
this.uworkLocation = uworkLocation;
}
public String getUworkLocation(){
return uworkLocation;
}
}

In Controller class:

public class UserController extends SimpleFormController{

protected Map referenceData(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

List<String> uworkLocation = new ArrayList<>();

uworkLocation.add("Hyderabad");
uworkLocation.add("Chennai");
uworkLocation.add("Pune");
517

uworkLocation.add("Mumbai");
map.put("uworkLocation", uworkLocation);
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return map;

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}

8. <form:select>

<form:select> tag can be used to create select box, it is same as html <select> tag, it will display
list of items to select either multiple or single depending on our option.

Syntax:

<form:select path="--" multiple="--" items="--">

------
</form:select>

 Where "path" attribute will take reference value to the Select box , it must be same as the
respecitve property name in command class inorder to store the selected values.
 Where "multiple" attribute will take either "true" or "false" value inorder make "multiple"
selections or "single" selection in the select box.
 Where "items" attribute will take a property name of Map type contains the Item values and
itemLabels which is generated from referenceddata() method of the contoller class.

Note: If we want to provide items to the select box individually , not as a Map from controller class
then we have to use <form:option> tag as chaild tag to <form:select> tag.

Syntax:

<form:option value="--"> Label </form:option>

Where "value" attribute will take item Value which we want to send to Server side application.
Where "Label" is item Label to display in select box.

Note: If we want to get all the Item Values and Item Labels from referencesData() method in
Controller class then we have to use <form:options> tag.

Syntax:

<form:options items="---" itemValue="--" itemLabel="---"/>

Where "items" attribute will take a property representing Map object contains item values and item
Labels from referencedData() method in Controiller class.
518

EX:
Page

<form:select path=‖uskillSet‖ multiple=‖true‖>

<form:option value=‖C‖>C</form:option>

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<form:option value=‖C++‖>C++</form:option>
<form:option value=‖Java‖>Java</form:option>
<form:option value=‖.Net‖>.Net</form:option>
<form:option value=‖Oracle‖>Oracle</form:option>
</form:select>

In Command Class:
public class User{
private String[] uskillSet;
----
public void setUskillSet(String[] uskillSet){
this.uskillSet = uskillSet;
}
public String[] getUskillSet(){
return uskeillSet;
}
}

EX:

<form:select path="uhobbies" items="${uhobbies}" multiple="true"/>

In Command Class:
public class User{
private String[] uhobbies;
----
public void setUhobbies(String[] uhobbies){
this.uhobbies = uhobbies;
}
public String[] getUhobbies(){
return uhobbies;
}
}

In Controller class:

public class UserController extends SimpleFormController{

protected Map referenceData(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
519

Map<String, String> uhobbies = new HashMap<>();

uhobbies.put(―Playing Cricket‖, ―Playing Cricket‖);
Page

uhobbies.put(―Listening Music‖, ―Listening Music‖);

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uhobbies.put(―Chatting with Friends‖, ―Chatting with Friends‖);
map.put(―uhobbies‖, uhobbies);

map.put(―uhobbies‖, uhobbies);

return map;
}

EX:

<form:select path="uprofession" multiple="false">

<form:options items="${uprofession}"/>
</form:select>

IN Command Class:
public class User{
private String uprofession;
----
public void setUprofession(String uprofession){
this.uprofession = profession;
}
public String getUprofession(){
return uprofession;
}
}

9. <form:textarea>
It will provide text area to take multiple lines of data from Users, it is same as <textarea> tag in
Html.
Syntax:

<form:textarea path="--"/>
Where "path" attribute will take reference name to the textarea which is same as a property in
Command class.

EX:

<form:textarea path="uaddr"/>
520

In Command class:
public class User{
Page

private String uaddr;

----

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public void setUaddr(String uaddr){
this.uaddr = uaddr;
}
public String getUaddr(){
return uaddr;
}
}

10. <form:hidden>

It will prepare Hidden field in user forms, it is same as <input type="hidden"/> in Html.

Syntax:

<form:hidden path="--" value="--"/>

Where "path" attribute will take a reference name to the hidden field, it must be same as a
property in Command class having setXXX() method and getXXX() method.

EX:

<form:hidden path="sid" value="S-111"/>

In Command Class:
public class Student{
private String sid;
public void setSid(String sid){
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSid(){
return sid;
}
}

4. SimpleFormController:

This controller class is able to support the Command classes inorder to store form data in
Command class objects when we submit user forms.

It was introduced in Spring2.5 version as

521

"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleFormController" and it was deprecated in SPring3.x

version and it was removed in spring4.x version.
Page

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It is best option for Data Validations in Spring WEB MVC Framework, it will render the same page
automatically when validation errors are identified and it will forward to successView page when
no Validation messages are identified.

If we want to use this controller class then we have to declare an user defined class and it must be
extended from SimpleFormController class and we must implement either of the following
methods.

protected ModelAndView onSubmit(Object command) throws Exception

protected ModelAndView onSubmit(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,

Object command, BindingExceptin exception) throws Exception

onSubmit(--) method will take the application logic which we want to execute by submitting form
from client.

If we want to use this Controller class, we must provide the the following properties in Controller
class configuration.
1. formView: it will take form name to get User form.
2. commandName: it will take logical name to the command class.
3. commandClass: It will take fully qualified name of the command class.
4. sessionForm: to keep Command Object in session scope inorder to reuse command
object.

In case of SimpleFormController, if we want to provide data to the GUI components like

checkboxes, radio buttons, Select boxes,..... in user forms from Controller class then we have to
override the following method from SimpleFormController class.

public Map referencedData(HttpServletRequest request)throws Exception

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
522

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

8. </head>
Page

9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="reg"></jsp:forward>

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11. </body>
12. </html>

registrationform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
4. <!DOCTYPE html>
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h2 style="color: red" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: blue" align="center">User Registration Page</h3>
13. <form:form method="POST" action="reg" commandName="user">
14. <center>
15. <table style="background: lightyellow;">
16. <tr>
17. <td>User Name</td>
18. <td><form:input path="uname" size="20" value="User Name"/></td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td>Password</td>
22. <td><form:password path="upwd" value="abc123" showPassword="true"/></td>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td>R U Married?</td>
26. <td><form:checkbox path="maritalStatus1"/></td>
27. </tr>
28. <tr>
29. <td>R U Single?</td>
30. <td><form:checkbox path="maritalStatus2" value="Single"/></td>
31. </tr>
32. <tr>
33. <td>User Qualifications</td>
34. <td><form:checkboxes items="${qual_List}" path="uqual" /></td>
523

35. </tr>
36. <tr>
Page

37. <td>User Gender</td>

38. <td>

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39. <form:radiobutton path="ugender" value="Male"/>Male
40. <form:radiobutton path="ugender" value="Female"/>Female
41. </td>
42. </tr>
43. <tr>
44. <td>User Work Location</td>
45. <td>
46. <form:radiobuttons path="uworkLocation" items="${uworkLocation}"/>
47. </td>
48. </tr>
49. <tr>
50. <td>User Skill Set</td>
51. <td>
52. <form:select path="uskillSet" multiple="true">
53. <form:option value="C">C</form:option>
54. <form:option value="C++">C++</form:option>
55. <form:option value="Java">Java</form:option>
56. <form:option value=".Net">.Net</form:option>
57. <form:option value="Oracle">Oracle</form:option>
58. </form:select>
59. </td>
60. </tr>
61. <tr>
62. <td>User Hobbies</td>
63. <td><form:select path="uhobbies" items="${uhobbies}" multiple="true"/></td>
64. </tr>
65. <tr>
66. <td>User Profession</td>
67. <td>
68. <form:select path="uprofession" multiple="false">
69. <form:options items="${uprofession}"/>
70. </form:select>
71. </td>
72. </tr>
73. <tr>
74. <td>User Address</td>
75. <td>
76. <form:textarea path="uaddr"/>
77. </td>
524

78. </tr>
79. <tr>
Page

80. <td><input type="submit" value="Registration"/></td>

81. </tr>

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82. </table>
83. </center>
84. </form:form>
85. </body>
86. </html>

status.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
4. <!DOCTYPE html>
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h2 style="color: red" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: green" align="center">User Registration Status </h3>
13. <center>
14. <table border="1" style="background: lightyellow;">
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td>${user.uname}</td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td>User Password</td>
21. <td>${user.upwd}</td>
22. </tr>
23. <tr>
24. <td>R U Married?</td>
25. <td>${user.maritalStatus1}</td>
26. </tr>
27. <tr>
28. <td>R U Single?</td>
29. <td>${user.maritalStatus2}</td>
30. </tr>
31. <tr>
525

32. <td>User Qualifications</td>

33. <td>
Page

34. <c:forEach var="qual" items="${user.uqual}">

35. <c:out value="${qual}"/><br>

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36. </c:forEach>
37. </td>
38. </tr>
39. <tr>
40. <td>User Gender</td>
41. <td>${user.ugender}</td>
42. </tr>
43. <tr>
44. <td>User Work Location</td>
45. <td>${user.uworkLocation}</td>
46. </tr>
47. <tr>
48. <td>User Skill Set</td>
49. <td>
50. <c:forEach var="skill" items="${user.uskillSet}">
51. <c:out value="${skill}"/><br>
52. </c:forEach>
53. </td>
54. </tr>
55. <tr>
56. <td>User Hobbies</td>
57. <td>
58. <c:forEach var="hobbit" items="${user.uhobbies}">
59. <c:out value="${hobbit}"/><br>
60. </c:forEach>
61. </td>
62. </tr>
63. <tr>
64. <td>User Profession</td>
65. <td>${user.uprofession}</td>
66. </tr>
67. <tr>
68. <td>User Address</td>
69. <td>${user.uaddr}</td>
70. </tr>
71. </table>
72. </center>
73. <h3 align="center">
74. <a href="reg">User Registration Form</a>
526

75. </h3>
76.
Page

77. </body>
78. </html>

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User.java

1. package com.durgasoft.command;
2.
3. import java.io.Serializable;
4.
5. public class User implements Serializable{
6. private String uname;
7. private String upwd;
8. private boolean maritalStatus1;
9. private String maritalStatus2;
10. private String[] uqual;
11. private String ugender;
12. private String uworkLocation;
13. private String uskillSet;
14. private String[] uhobbies;
15. private String uprofession;
16. private String uaddr;
17.
18.
19. public String getUname() {
20. return uname;
21. }
22. public void setUname(String uname) {
23. this.uname = uname;
24. }
25. public String getUpwd() {
26. return upwd;
27. }
28. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
29. this.upwd = upwd;
30. }
31.
32. public void setMaritalStatus1(boolean maritalStatus1) {
33. this.maritalStatus1 = maritalStatus1;
34. }
35. public boolean isMaritalStatus1() {
36. return maritalStatus1;
37. }
527

38.
39. public void setMaritalStatus2(String maritalStatus2) {
Page

40. this.maritalStatus2 = maritalStatus2;

41. }

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42. public String getMaritalStatus2() {
43. if(maritalStatus2 == null || maritalStatus2.equals("")) {
44. maritalStatus2 = "Married";
45. }
46. return maritalStatus2;
47. }
48.
49. public void setUqual(String[] uqual) {
50. this.uqual = uqual;
51. }
52. public String[] getUqual() {
53. return uqual;
54. }
55.
56. public void setUgender(String ugender) {
57. this.ugender = ugender;
58. }
59. public String getUgender() {
60. return ugender;
61. }
62.
63. public void setUworkLocation(String uworkLocation) {
64. this.uworkLocation = uworkLocation;
65. }
66. public String getUworkLocation() {
67. return uworkLocation;
68. }
69.
70. public void setUskillSet(String uskillSet) {
71. this.uskillSet = uskillSet;
72. }
73. public String getUskillSet() {
74. return uskillSet;
75. }
76.
77. public void setUhobbies(String[] uhobbies) {
78. this.uhobbies = uhobbies;
79. }
80. public String[] getUhobbies() {
528

81. return uhobbies;

82. }
Page

83.
84. public void setUprofession(String uprofession) {

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85. this.uprofession = uprofession;
86. }
87. public String getUprofession() {
88. return uprofession;
89. }
90.
91. public void setUaddr(String uaddr) {
92. this.uaddr = uaddr;
93. }
94. public String getUaddr() {
95. return uaddr;
96. }
97. }

RegistrationController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import java.util.ArrayList;
4. import java.util.HashMap;
5. import java.util.List;
6. import java.util.Map;
7.
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
10.
11. import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
12. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
13. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleFormController;
14.
15. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
16.
17. public class RegistrationController extends SimpleFormController{
18.
19. @Override
20. protected Map referenceData(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
21. Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
22.
23. List<String> qual_List = new ArrayList<>();
529

24. qual_List.add("BSC");
25. qual_List.add("BTech");
Page

26. qual_List.add("MCA");
27. qual_List.add("MTech");

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28. qual_List.add("PHD");
29. map.put("qual_List", qual_List);
30.
31. List<String> uworkLocation = new ArrayList<>();
32. uworkLocation.add("Hyderabad");
33. uworkLocation.add("Chennai");
34. uworkLocation.add("Pune");
35. uworkLocation.add("Mumbai");
36. map.put("uworkLocation", uworkLocation);
37.
38. Map<String, String> uhobbies = new HashMap<>();
39. uhobbies.put("Playing Cricket", "Playing Cricket");
40. uhobbies.put("Listening Music", "Listening Music");
41. uhobbies.put("Chatting with Friends", "Chatting with Friends");
42. map.put("uhobbies", uhobbies);
43.
44. Map<String, String> uprofession = new HashMap<>();
45. uprofession.put("Former", "Former");
46. uprofession.put("Employee", "Employee");
47. uprofession.put("Teacher", "Teacher");
48. map.put("uprofession", uprofession);
49.
50. return map;
51. }
52.
53. @Override
54. protected ModelAndView onSubmit(Object command) throws Exception {
55. User user = (User)command;
56. return new ModelAndView("status", "user", user);
57. }
58. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
Page

8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

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10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. 
17. <bean name="/reg" class="com.durgasoft.controller.RegistrationController">
18. <property name="formView" value="registrationform"/>
19. <property name="sessionForm" value="true"/>
20. <property name="commandName" value="user"/>
21. <property name="commandClass" value="com.durgasoft.command.User"/>
22. </bean>
23.
24. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
25.
26. <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceVi
ewResolver">
27. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
28. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
29. </bean>
30. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
Page

12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>

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14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

5. AbstractWizardFormController:

In general, In web applications , it is required to display more than one page in order to complete a
given task.

In web applications, providing sequence of pages in a single task is called as "Wizard".

IN general, in Web applications, we will use multiple pages to enter user details like general
details, qualification details, communication details,....in User registration process, to achieve this
we have to use "Wizard".

To support for the Wizards in web applications, Spring Web MVC has provided a predefined
controller in the form of "org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractWizardFormController".

AbstractWizardFormController allows us to carry the same command object through an entire flow
of Web pages in Wizard.

If we want to use AbstractWizardController class in Spring web MVC applications then we have to
use the following steps.
1. Prepare multiple web pages with the buttons where names of the buttons must be
a) _finish: Finish the wizard form.
b) _cancel: Cancel the wizard form.
c) _targetx: Move to the target page, where x is the zero-based page index.

2. Prepare Controller class by extending AbstractWizardFormController class and override the

following methods.
a)protected ModelAndView processFinish(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response, Object command, BindException exception) throws Exception
b)protected ModelAndView processCancel(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response, Object command, BindException errors) throws Exception
532

Where processFinish() method will handle Wizard Finish action.

Page

Where processCancel() method will handle izard cancel Task.

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3. Configure contoller class configuration in Spring configuration file with "pages" property ,
where "pages" property must be of "list" type, it must include all the pages names in a sequence
inorder to open the pages when we click on Next buttons in Wizard.
EX:
<bean name="/reg" class="com.durgasoft.controller.UserController">
<property name="pages">
<list>
<value>form1</value>
<vale>form2</value>
<value>form3</value>
</list>
</property>
</beans>

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

welcomepage.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
533

4. <html>
5. <head>
Page

6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

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7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h1 align="center">
11. <a href="reg">User Registration Form</a>
12. </h1>
13. </body>
14. </html>

form1.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
4. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">User Registration Page</h3>
13. <form:form method="POST" commandName="user">
14. <center>
15. <table>
16. <tr>
17. <td>First Name</td>
18. <td><form:input path="fname"/>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td>Last Name</td>
22. <td><form:input path="lname"/>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td colspan="2">
26. <input type="submit" name="_target1" value="Next"/>
27. <input type="submit" name="_cancel" value="Cancel"/>
534

28. </td>
29. </tr>
Page

30. </table>
31. </center>

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32. </form:form>
33. </body>
34. </html>

form2.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
4. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">User Registration Page</h3>
13. <form:form method="POST" commandName="user">
14. <center>
15. <table>
16. <tr>
17. <td>User Qualification</td>
18. <td><form:input path="uqual"/>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td>User Designation</td>
22. <td><form:input path="udes"/>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td colspan="2">
26. <input type="submit" name="_target0" value="Previous"/>
27. <input type="submit" name="_target2" value="Next"/>
28. <input type="submit" name="_cancel" value="Cancel"/>
29. </td>
30. </tr>
31. </table>
32. </center>
535

33. </form:form>
34. </body>
Page

35. </html>

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form3.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
4. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">User Registration Page</h3>
13. <form:form method="POST" commandName="user">
14. <center>
15. <table>
16. <tr>
17. <td>User Email Id</td>
18. <td><form:input path="uemail"/>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td>User Mobile No</td>
22. <td><form:input path="umobile"/>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td colspan="2">
26. <input type="submit" name="_target1" value="Previous"/>
27. <input type="submit" name="_finish" value="Finish"/>
28. <input type="submit" name="_cancel" value="Cancel"/>
29. </td>
30. </tr>
31. </table>
32. </center>
33. </form:form>
34. </body>
35. </html>
536

userdetails.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

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3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <br><br><br>
11. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">User Registration Details</h3>
13. <center>
14. <table border="1">
15. <tr>
16. <td>First Name</td>
17. <td>${user.fname}</td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td>Last Name</td>
21. <td>${user.lname}</td>
22. </tr>
23. <tr>
24. <td>User Qualification</td>
25. <td>${user.uqual}</td>
26. </tr>
27. <tr>
28. <td>User Designation</td>
29. <td>${user.udes}</td>
30. </tr>
31. <tr>
32. <td>User Email Id</td>
33. <td>${user.uemail}</td>
34. </tr>
35. <tr>
36. <td>User Mobile No</td>
37. <td>${user.umobile}</td>
38. </tr>
39. </table>
40. <h3 align="center"></h3>
537

41. <a href="welcomepage">Welcome Page</a>

42. </center>
Page

43. </body>
44. </html>

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UserController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractWizardFormController;
9.
10. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
11.
12. public class UserController extends AbstractWizardFormController {
13.
14. @Override
15. protected ModelAndView processFinish(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespon
se response, Object command,
16. BindException exception) throws Exception {
17. User user = (User)command;
18. return new ModelAndView("userdetails", "user", user);
19. }
20.
21. @Override
22. protected ModelAndView processCancel(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespo
nse response, Object command,
23. BindException errors) throws Exception {
24. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
25. return new ModelAndView("welcomepage");
26. }
27.
28.
29. }

User.java

1. package com.durgasoft.command;
2.
3. public class User {
538

4. private String fname;

5. private String lname;
Page

6. private String uqual;

7. private String udes;

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8. private String uemail;
9. private String umobile;
10.
11. public String getFname() {
12. return fname;
13. }
14. public void setFname(String fname) {
15. this.fname = fname;
16. }
17. public String getLname() {
18. return lname;
19. }
20. public void setLname(String lname) {
21. this.lname = lname;
22. }
23. public String getUqual() {
24. return uqual;
25. }
26. public void setUqual(String uqual) {
27. this.uqual = uqual;
28. }
29. public String getUdes() {
30. return udes;
31. }
32. public void setUdes(String udes) {
33. this.udes = udes;
34. }
35. public String getUemail() {
36. return uemail;
37. }
38. public void setUemail(String uemail) {
39. this.uemail = uemail;
40. }
41. public String getUmobile() {
42. return umobile;
43. }
44. public void setUmobile(String umobile) {
45. this.umobile = umobile;
46. }
539

47.
48.
Page

49. }

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ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11. <bean name="/welcomepage" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Parameteri
zableViewController">
12. <property name="viewName" value="welcomepage"/>
13. </bean>
14. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
15. <bean name="/reg" class="com.durgasoft.controller.UserController">
16. <property name="pages">
17. <list>
18. <value>form1</value>
19. <value>form2</value>
20. <value>form3</value>
21. </list>
22. </property>
23. <property name="commandName" value="user"/>
24. <property name="commandClass" value="com.durgasoft.command.User"/>
25.
26. </bean>
27. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
28. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
29. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
30. </bean>
31. </beans>

web.xml
540

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
Page

instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.

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org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>abstractwizardcontrollerapp</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

541
Page

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Data Validations
The process of checking whether the data is valid or not before using data in application Logic is
called as Data Validations.

There are two types of Data Validations.

1. Client Side Data Validations
2. Server Side Data Validations

1. Client Side Data Validations:

If we check whether data is valid or not at client browser after entering data in user forms and
before submitting form to Server then it is called as Client Side Data Validations.

To perform Client Side data Validations we will use Java Script functions.

2. Server Side Data Validations:

If we check whether the data is valid or not after storing data at server side and before using data
in application logic then it is called as Server side Data validations.

To perform Server side data validation we will use JAVA code at server side.

Spring is providing Server side Data validations in the following two ways.
1. By Using Spring provided Error class.
2. By Using Java provided validation annotations

1. Spring Data Validations By using Spring provided Error class:

To provide data validations in this approach we have to use the following approach.

1. Prepare Validator class by implementing "org.springframework.validation.Validator"

interface.
Validator interface contains the following two methods.
a) public boolean supports(Class<?> cls)
It will check whether the command class is right class or not for data validations
on the basis of Class type.
b) public void validate(Object command, Errors errors)
It will include Data Validation logic .
If any Validation error is identified then we have to use rejectValue() method
542

b) public void rejectValue(String var_Name, String error_Code)

c) Where variable name is a variable in Comand class.
Page

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d) Where error_Code is either validation message directly or a key from the
propertirs file which had validationr message.

2. Provide Properties file under src or in a package under properties file with validation
messages in the form of key-value pairs.

3. Configure Validator class and Properties file with "messageSource" property under
org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource

4. Display Validation messages in User forms by using <form:errors/> tag.

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

registrationform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

8. <title>Insert title here</title>

9. <style type="text/css">
Page

10. .error{

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11. color: red;
12. font-family: consolas;
13. font-style: italic;
14. font-weight: bold;
15. font-size: large;
16. }
17. </style>
18. </head>
19. <body>
20. <br><br><br>
21. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
22. <h3 style="color: red;" align="center">Student Registration Form</h3>
23. <form:form method="POST" action="reg" commandName="user">
24. <center>
25. <table>
26. <tr>
27. <td>User Name</td>
28. <td><form:input path="uname"/></td>
29. <td><form:errors path="uname" cssClass="error"/>
30. </tr>
31. <tr>
32. <td>User Password</td>
33. <td><form:password path="upwd"/></td>
34. <td><form:errors path="upwd" cssClass="error"/>
35. </tr>
36. <tr>
37. <td>User Age</td>
38. <td><form:input path="uage"/></td>
39. <td><form:errors path="uage" cssClass="error"/>
40. </tr>
41. <tr>
42. <td>User Email Id</td>
43. <td><form:input path="uemail"/></td>
44. <td><form:errors path="uemail" cssClass="error"/>
45. </tr>
46. <tr>
47. <td>User Mobile No</td>
48. <td><form:input path="umobile"/></td>
49. <td><form:errors path="umobile" cssClass="error"/>
544

50. </tr>
51. <tr>
Page

52. <td><input type="submit" value="Registration"/></td>

53. </tr>

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54. </table>
55. </center>
56. </form:form>
57. </body>
58. </html>

registrationdetails.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <br><br><br>
11. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: red;" align="center">User Registration Details</h3>
13. <center>
14. <table border="1">
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td>${user.uname}</td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td>User Password</td>
21. <td>${user.upwd}</td>
22. </tr>
23. <tr>
24. <td>User Age</td>
25. <td>${user.uage}</td>
26. </tr>
27. <tr>
28. <td>User Email Id</td>
29. <td>${user.uemail}</td>
30. </tr>
545

31. <tr>
32. <td>User Mobile No</td>
Page

33. <td>${user.umobile}</td>
34. </tr>

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35. </table>
36. </center>
37. </body>
38. </html>

User.java

1. package com.durgasoft.command;
2.
3. public class User {
4. private String uname;
5. private String upwd;
6. private int uage;
7. private String uemail;
8. private String umobile;
9.
10. public String getUname() {
11. return uname;
12. }
13. public void setUname(String uname) {
14. this.uname = uname;
15. }
16. public String getUpwd() {
17. return upwd;
18. }
19. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
20. this.upwd = upwd;
21. }
22. public int getUage() {
23. return uage;
24. }
25. public void setUage(int uage) {
26. this.uage = uage;
27. }
28. public String getUemail() {
29. return uemail;
30. }
31. public void setUemail(String uemail) {
32. this.uemail = uemail;
546

33. }
34. public String getUmobile() {
Page

35. return umobile;

36. }

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37. public void setUmobile(String umobile) {
38. this.umobile = umobile;
39. }
40.
41.
42. }

UserController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleFormController;
9.
10. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
11.
12. public class UserController extends SimpleFormController {
13. @Override
14. protected ModelAndView onSubmit(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse r
esponse, Object command,
15. BindException errors) throws Exception {
16. User user = (User)command;
17. return new ModelAndView("registrationdetails", "user", user);
18. }
19. }

UserValidator.java

1. package com.durgasoft.validator;
2.
3. import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
4. import org.springframework.validation.ValidationUtils;
5. import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
6.
7. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
547

8.
9. public class UserValidator implements Validator {
Page

10.
11. @Override

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12. public boolean supports(Class<?> cls) {
13.
14. return User.class.isAssignableFrom(cls);
15. }
16.
17. @Override
18. public void validate(Object command, Errors errors) {
19. ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmpty(errors, "uname", "uname.required");
20. ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmpty(errors, "upwd", "upwd.required");
21. ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmpty(errors, "uage", "uage.required");
22. ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmpty(errors, "uemail", "uemail.required");
23. ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmpty(errors, "umobile", "umobile.required");
24.
25. User user = (User)command;
26. if(!user.getUpwd().equals("") && user.getUpwd().length() < 6) {
27. errors.rejectValue("upwd", "upwd.minLength");
28. }
29. if(!user.getUpwd().equals("") && user.getUpwd().length() > 10) {
30. errors.rejectValue("upwd", "upwd.maxLength");
31. }
32. if(user.getUage() < 18 || user.getUage() > 30) {
33. errors.rejectValue("uage", "uage.range");
34. }
35. if(!user.getUemail().equals("") && !user.getUemail().contains("@")) {
36. errors.rejectValue("uemail", "uemail.invalid");
37. }
38. if(!user.getUmobile().equals("") && !user.getUmobile().startsWith("91-")) {
39. errors.rejectValue("umobile", "umobile.invalid");
40. }
41.
42. }
43.
44. }

validation_Messages.properties
uname.required = User Name is Required.
upwd.required = User Password is required.
uage.required = User Age is Required.
uemail.required = User Email Id Required.
548

umobile.required = User Mobile Number is Required.

upwd.minLength = User Password must be minimum 6 characters.
Page

upwd.maxLength = User Password must be maximum 10 characters.

uage.range = User Age must be in the range from 18 to 30.

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uemail.invalid = User Email Id is Invalid.
umobile.invalid = User Mobile Number is Invalid.

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <bean name="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceB
undleMessageSource">
13. <property name="basename" value="com/durgasoft/resources/validation_Messages"/
>
14. </bean>
15. <bean name="userValidator" class="com.durgasoft.validator.UserValidator"/>
16. <bean name="/reg" class="com.durgasoft.controller.UserController">
17. <property name="formView" value="registrationform"/>
18. <property name="validator" ref="userValidator"/>
19. <property name="commandName" value="user"/>
20. <property name="commandClass" value="com.durgasoft.command.User"/>
21. </bean>
22.
23. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
24.
25. <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceVi
ewResolver">
26. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
27. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
28. </bean>
29. </beans>
549

web.xml
Page

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app7</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

2. Java Provided Validation API:

Validation-API is a specification provided JAVA and it is implemented by Third party vendors.

Hibernate has provided its validation API which contains Java provided Validation API and some
extra validation rules.

1. @NotEmpty
 It will be applied to the bean variables or getter methods.
 It will check whether data is existed in the respecxtive bean property or not.
 If the data is not existed in the bean property then it will raise validation error.
 It is applicable for only String type propertirs.
2. @NotNull
 It will be applied to the bean variables or getter methods.
 It will check whether data/value is existed in the respective bean property or not.
 If the data is not existed in the bean property then it will raise validation error.
550

 It is applicable for only Numeric Data type propertirs.

3.@Size
 It will be applied to the bean variables or getter methods.
Page

 It will be applied for String type properties.

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BY NAGOOR BABU
 It will check whether the properties value is as per the specified minimum length
constraint and maximum length contraint or not.
 It will take two properties min and max.

Note: If we dont want to use @Size annotation then we will use @Min and @Max annotation

4. @Range
 It will be applied to the bean variables or getter methods.
 It is applied for the numeric data type properties.
 It will check the value as per the specified range.
 It will take two parameters min and max
5. @Pattern
 It will be applied either for property or for getter method directly.
 It will check whether the property data is as per the provided reg exp.
 It will take a parameter like "regexp", it will take pattern.
6. @Email
 It will be applied either for property or for getter method directly.
 It will check whether the value of a property is email id or not.
 It will not require any parameter.
7. @DateTimeFormat
 It will be applied either for property or for getter method directly.
 It will be applied for Date type properties.
 It will check whether the date value in a property is as per the specified format or not.
 It will take a parameter like "pattern" to represent Date type patterns.
 It will be applied for the properties in bean of Date type.
8. @Past
 It will be applied either for property or for getter method directly.
 It will check whether the date is past date or not.
 It will be applied for the properties in bean of Date type.

Steps:
1. Use all the validation related annotations in Bean classes.
2. Declare properties file under src and provide validation messages.
3. Enable Annotations in Spring application through Spring configuration file.
4. Display Validation messages inside the pages.

There are two ways to define validation messages in Spring applications.

1. Provide validation messages directly in the Annotation.

551

public class User{

@NotEmpty(message="User Name is Required")
Page

private String uname

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@Size(min=6, max=10, message="User password must be minimum 6 characters and
maximum 10 characters)
prvate String upwd;
}

2. Provide validation messages through properties file.

validation_Messages.properties

NotEmpty.user.uname = User Name is Required.

Size.user.upwd = User Password must be minimum {2} characters and maximum {1} characters

To define validation messages in properties file then we have to use the following format.
Annotation_Name.Model_name.Prop_Name = Validation Message

EX:

NotEmpty.user.uname=User Name is Required.

NotEmpty.user.upwd=User Password is Required.

To enable Annotations in Spring applications we have to use the following tags in ds-servlet.xml

<context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>

To declare controller class and to define request mapping for the COntroller class we have to use
the following annotations:

@Controller
@RequestMapping

To use the above annotations in Spring web applications we have to use the following JARs in
web application lib folder.
1) All Spring web MVC JARs
2) clasmate-varsion.jar
3) hibernate-validator-5.x/4.x.final.jar
4) jboss-logging-version.jar
5) validation-api-version.jar
Example:
552

index.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

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registrationform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. <style type="text/css">
10. .error{
11. color: red;
12. font-family: consolas;
13. font-style: italic;
14. font-weight: bold;
15. font-size: large;
16. }
17. </style>
18. </head>
19. <body>
20. <br><br><br>
21. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
22. <h3 style="color: red;" align="center">Student Registration Form</h3>
23. <form:form method="POST" action="reg" commandName="user">
24. <center>
553

25. <table>
26. <tr>
Page

27. <td>User Name</td>

28. <td><form:input path="uname"/></td>

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29. <td><form:errors path="uname" cssClass="error"/>
30. </tr>
31. <tr>
32. <td>User Password</td>
33. <td><form:password path="upwd"/></td>
34. <td><form:errors path="upwd" cssClass="error"/>
35. </tr>
36. <tr>
37. <td>User Age</td>
38. <td><form:input path="uage"/></td>
39. <td><form:errors path="uage" cssClass="error"/>
40. </tr>
41. <tr>
42. <td>User Date Of Birth</td>
43. <td><form:input path="udob"/></td>
44. <td><form:errors path="udob" cssClass="error"/>
45. </tr>
46. <tr>
47. <td>User Email Id</td>
48. <td><form:input path="uemail"/></td>
49. <td><form:errors path="uemail" cssClass="error"/>
50. </tr>
51. <tr>
52. <td>User Mobile No</td>
53. <td><form:input path="umobile"/></td>
54. <td><form:errors path="umobile" cssClass="error"/>
55. </tr>
56. <tr>
57. <td><input type="submit" value="Registration"/></td>
58. </tr>
59. </table>
60. </center>
61. </form:form>
62. </body>
63. </html>

registrationdetails.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

554

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
Page

//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

4. <html>

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5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <br><br><br>
11. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
12. <h3 style="color: red;" align="center">User Registration Details</h3>
13. <center>
14. <table border="1">
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td>${user.uname}</td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td>User Password</td>
21. <td>${user.upwd}</td>
22. </tr>
23.
24. <tr>
25. <td>User Age</td>
26. <td>${user.uage}</td>
27. </tr>
28. <tr>
29. <td>User Date Of Birth</td>
30. <td>${user.udob}</td>
31. </tr>
32. <tr>
33. <td>User Email Id</td>
34. <td>${user.uemail}</td>
35. </tr>
36. <tr>
37. <td>User Mobile No</td>
38. <td>${user.umobile}</td>
39. </tr>
40. </table>
41. </center>
42. </body>
43. </html>
555

User.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft.command;

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BY NAGOOR BABU
2.
3. import java.util.Date;
4.
5.
6. import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
7. import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
8. import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
9. import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
10.
11. import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
12. import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
13. import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;
14. import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
15.
16.
17. public class User {
18. @NotEmpty
19. private String uname;
20.
21. @NotEmpty
22. @Size(max=10, min=6)
23. private String upwd;
24.
25. @NotNull
26. @Range(min=18, max=20)
27. private int uage;
28.
29. @NotNull
30. @DateTimeFormat(pattern="dd/MM/yyyy")
31. @Past
32. private Date udob;
33.
34. @NotEmpty
35. @Email
36. private String uemail;
37.
38. @NotEmpty
39. @Pattern(regexp="91-[0-9]{10}")
40. private String umobile;
556

41.
42. public String getUname() {
Page

43. return uname;

44. }

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BY NAGOOR BABU
45. public void setUname(String uname) {
46. this.uname = uname;
47. }
48. public String getUpwd() {
49. return upwd;
50. }
51. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
52. this.upwd = upwd;
53. }
54. public int getUage() {
55. return uage;
56. }
57. public void setUage(int uage) {
58. this.uage = uage;
59. }
60. public void setUdob(Date udob) {
61. this.udob = udob;
62. }
63. public Date getUdob() {
64. return udob;
65. }
66. public String getUemail() {
67. return uemail;
68. }
69. public void setUemail(String uemail) {
70. this.uemail = uemail;
71. }
72. public String getUmobile() {
73. return umobile;
74. }
75. public void setUmobile(String umobile) {
76. this.umobile = umobile;
77. }
78.
79.
80. }

UserController.java
557

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
Page

3.
4. import javax.validation.Valid;

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5.
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
7. import org.springframework.ui.Model;
8. import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
9. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
10. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
11. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
12. import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
13.
14. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
15.
16. @Controller
17. @RequestMapping("/reg")
18.
19. public class UserController {
20. @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
21. public String showPage(Model model) {
22. model.addAttribute("user", new User());
23. return "registrationform";
24. }
25.
26. @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
27. public ModelAndView registration(@Valid User user, BindingResult errors, Model model
){
28. model.addAttribute("user", user);
29. if(errors.hasErrors()) {
30. return new ModelAndView("registrationform", "user", user);
31. }else {
32. return new ModelAndView("registrationdetails", "user", user);
33. }
34. }
35. }

validation_Messages.properties
typeMismatch = {0} is in invalid format
NotEmpty.user.uname = User Name is Required.
NotEmpty.user.upwd = User Password is Required.
Size.user.upwd = User Password must be minimum {2} characters and maximum {1}
characters.
558

NotNull.user.uage = User Age is Required.

Range.user.uage = User Age must be in the range from {2} through {1} Years.
Page

NotNull.user.udob = User Date Of Birth is Required.

DateTimeFormat.user.udob = User Date Of Birth is Invalid.

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Past.user.udob = User Date of Birth Must be Past Date.
NotEmpty.user.uemail = User Email Id is Required.
Email.user.uemail = User Email Id is Invalid.
NotEmpty.user.umobile = User Mobile No is Required.
Pattern.user.umobile = User Mobile No must be in the pattern like "91-DDDDDDDDDD".
ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
4. xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
5. xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
6. xsi:schemaLocation = "
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
13.
14. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft"/>
15. <mvc:annotation-driven/>
16.
17. <bean name="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceB
undleMessageSource">
18. <property name="basename" value="com/durgasoft/resources/validation_Messages"/
>
19. </bean>
20.
21. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
22.
23. <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceVi
ewResolver">
24. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
25. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
26. </bean>
27. </beans>
559

web.xml
Page

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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Extra jars required along with Spring jars:

classmate-0.8.0.jar
hibernate-validator-5.0.1.final.jar
jboss-logging-3.1.0.ga.jar
validation-api-1.1.0.final.jar

Example on Data Validations through Java Validation API provided Annotations by using
properties file provided validation Messages:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
560

4. <html>
5. <head>
Page

6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

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7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="reg"/>
11. </body>
12. </html>

reg_form.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
4. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
8. <title>Insert title here</title>
9. <style type="text/css">
10. .error{
11. color: red;
12. font-family: consolas;
13. font-style: italic;
14. font-weight: bold;
15. font-size: large;
16. }
17. </style>
18. </head>
19. <body>
20. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
21. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">User Registration Form</h3>
22. <form:form method="POST" action="reg" commandName="user">
23. <center>
24. <table>
25. <tr>
26. <td>User Name</td>
27. <td><form:input path="uname"/></td>
28. <td><form:errors path="uname" cssClass="error"/></td>
29. </tr>
561

30. <tr>
31. <td>User Password</td>
Page

32. <td><form:password path="upwd"/></td>

33. <td><form:errors path="upwd" cssClass="error"/></td>

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34. </tr>
35. <tr>
36. <td>User Age</td>
37. <td><form:input path="uage"/></td>
38. <td><form:errors path="uage" cssClass="error"/></td>
39. </tr>
40. <tr>
41. <td>User Date Of Birth</td>
42. <td><form:input path="udob"/></td>
43. <td><form:errors path="udob" cssClass="error"/></td>
44. </tr>
45. <tr>
46. <td>User Email Id</td>
47. <td><form:input path="uemail"/></td>
48. <td><form:errors path="uemail" cssClass="error"/></td>
49. </tr>
50. <tr>
51. <td>User Mobile No</td>
52. <td><form:input path="umobile"/></td>
53. <td><form:errors path="umobile" cssClass="error"/></td>
54. </tr>
55. <tr>
56. <td><input type="submit" value="Registration"/></td>
57. </tr>
58. </table>
59. </center>
60. </form:form>
61. </body>
62. </html>

registrationdetails.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

8. </head>
Page

9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>

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11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">User Registration Form</h3>
12. <center>
13. <table border="1">
14. <tr>
15. <td>User Name</td>
16. <td>${user.uname}</td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr>
19. <td>User Password</td>
20. <td>${user.upwd}</td>
21. </tr>
22. <tr>
23. <td>User Age</td>
24. <td>${user.uage}</td>
25. </tr>
26. <tr>
27. <td>User Date Of Birth</td>
28. <td>${user.udob}</td>
29. </tr>
30. <tr>
31. <td>User Email Id</td>
32. <td>${user.uemail}</td>
33. </tr>
34. <tr>
35. <td>User Mobile No</td>
36. <td>${user.umobile}</td>
37. </tr>
38. </table>
39. </center>
40. </body>
41. </html>

User.java

1. package com.durgasoft.command;
2.
3. import java.util.Date;
4.
5. import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
563

6. import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
7. import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
Page

8. import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
9.

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10. import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
11. import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
12. import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;
13. import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
14.
15. public class User {
16. @NotEmpty(message="User Name is required")
17. private String uname;
18.
19. @NotEmpty(message="User Password is Required")
20. @Size(min=6, max=10, message="User Password must be minimum 6 and maximum 1
0 characters")
21. private String upwd;
22.
23. @NotNull(message="User is Required")
24. @Range(min=18, max=25, message="User Age must be minimum 18 and maximum 25"
)
25. private int uage;
26.
27. @NotNull(message="User Date of Birth is Required")
28. @DateTimeFormat(pattern="dd/MM/yyyy")
29. @Past(message="User DOB must be past date")
30. private Date udob;
31.
32. @NotEmpty(message="User Email Id is Required")
33. @Email
34. private String uemail;
35.
36. @NotEmpty(message="User Mobile No is Required")
37. @Pattern(regexp="91-[0-9]{10}", message="User Mobile Number must be in 91-
DDDDDDDDDD format")
38. private String umobile;
39.
40. public String getUname() {
41. return uname;
42. }
43. public void setUname(String uname) {
44. this.uname = uname;
45. }
564

46. public String getUpwd() {

47. return upwd;
Page

48. }
49. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {

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50. this.upwd = upwd;
51. }
52. public int getUage() {
53. return uage;
54. }
55. public void setUage(int uage) {
56. this.uage = uage;
57. }
58. public Date getUdob() {
59. return udob;
60. }
61. public void setUdob(Date udob) {
62. this.udob = udob;
63. }
64. public String getUemail() {
65. return uemail;
66. }
67. public void setUemail(String uemail) {
68. this.uemail = uemail;
69. }
70. public String getUmobile() {
71. return umobile;
72. }
73. public void setUmobile(String umobile) {
74. this.umobile = umobile;
75. }
76.
77.
78. }

UserController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.validation.Valid;
4.
5. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
6. import org.springframework.ui.Model;
7. import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
565

8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
9. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
Page

10. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

11.

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12. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
13.
14. @Controller
15. @RequestMapping("/reg")
16. public class UserController {
17. @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
18. public String showForm(Model model) {
19. model.addAttribute("user", new User());
20. return "reg_form";
21. }
22.
23. @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
24. public ModelAndView registration(@Valid User user, BindingResult errors, Model model
){
25. if(errors.hasErrors()) {
26. return new ModelAndView("reg_form", "user", user);
27. }else {
28. return new ModelAndView("registrationdetails", "user", user);
29. }
30. }
31. }

error_Messages.properties
typeMismatch = {0} is in invalid format

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

13. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft"/>

14. <mvc:annotation-driven/>
Page

15. <bean name="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceB

undleMessageSource">

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16. <property name="basename" value="com/durgasoft/resources/error_Messages"/>
17. </bean>
18. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanN
ameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
19.
20. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
21. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
22. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
23. </bean>
24. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app14</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>
567
Page

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HandlerMappings
 HandlerMapping is a component in Spring Web MVC Framework, it will take the incoming
request URI and it will identify the mapped Controller class through Spring configuration file
and return that Controller class details to DispatcherServlet.

 Spring Web MVC has provided a set of predefined HandlerMappings in the package like
"org.springframework.web.servlet.handler".

 Spring Web MVC has provided the following predefined HandlerMapping classes.
1. BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
2. SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
3. ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping
4. DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping

1. BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping:
 It is the default HandlerMapping in Spring web MVC applications if we use XML
configurations, it is not required to configure in Spring configuration file.
 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping is able to identify the Controller classes by mapping the
incoming request URI with the Bean identity["id" attribute value] or Bean logical name[
"name" attribute value] which we defined in Spring configuration file.
EX:

ds-servlet.xml

If we submit request with the URI "welcome" then BeannameUrlHandlerMapping is able to map
"welcome" with "name" attribute value in <bean> tag , if it is matched then
BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping will confirm the respective Controller class is
"com.durgasoft.controller.WelcomeController" and send its details to DispatcherServlet.

EX: http://localhost:1010/app/welcome
568

Example:
index.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

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2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="helloform"/>
11. </body>
12. </html>

helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center"> Durga Software Solutions </h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center"> User Hello Form </h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="wish">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
569

24. </form>
25. </body>
Page

26. </html>

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wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

HelloFormController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6.
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
9.
10. public class HelloFormController implements Controller {
11.
12. @Override
13. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
14. return new ModelAndView("helloform");
15. }
16. }

WishController.java
570

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
Page

2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

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4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
8.
9. public class WishController implements Controller {
10.
11. @Override
12. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
13. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
14. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
15. }
16. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

20. </bean>
21. </beans>
Page

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web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app17</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

2. SimpleUrlHandlerMapping:

org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping is able to map the in coming

request with a particular Controller class and it will provide the respective Controller class details
to DispatcherServlet with the following actions.

a) SimpleUrlHandlerMapping will take incoming request URI value.

b) It will search for the Request URI name in its Properties which are configured in Spring
Configuration file.
c) If any property key is matched with incoming request URI value then
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping will take the corresponding property value , that is, logical
name of the Controller class.
572

d) SimpleUrlHandlerMapping will identify the controller class on the basis of logical name
which we get from the matched property.
Page

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EX:

1. <beans>
2. -----
3. <bean name="wishController" class="com.durgasoft.controller.WishController"/>
4. <bean name="welcomeController" class="com.durgasoft.controller.WelcomeController"/>

5. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.....handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping>

6. <property name="mappings">
7. <props>
8. <prop key="/wish">wishController</prop>
9. <prop key="/welcome">welcomeController</prop>
10. </props>
11. </property>
12. </bean>
13. -----
14. </beans>

From the above example, if we submit request with the URI "wish" then SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
will map this URI with properties names configured in Spring configuration file and it will identify
"wishController" as value and it will identify the respective controller class like
"com.durgasoft.controllers.WishController" from Spring configuration file.

EX:

http://localhost:1010/app/wish ----> wishController ---> WishController

http://localhost:1010/app/welcome ---> welcomeController --> WelcomeController

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

8. </head>
Page

9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="hello"/>

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11. </body>
12. </html>

helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center"> Durga Software Solutions </h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center"> User Hello Form </h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="wish">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
574

4. <html>
5. <head>
Page

6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

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8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center"> Durga Software Solutions </h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center"> User Hello Status </h3>
12. <h1 style="color: red;" align="center"> Hello ${uname} </h1>
13. </body>
14. </html>

HelloFormController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6.
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8.
9. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
10.
11. public class HelloFormController implements Controller {
12.
13. @Override
14. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
15. return new ModelAndView("helloform");
16. }
17. }

WishController.java

9. public class WishController implements Controller {

10.
Page

11. @Override

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12. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
13. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
14. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
15. }
16. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <bean name="helloFormController" class="com.durgasoft.controller.HelloFormController
"/>
13. <bean name="wishController" class="com.durgasoft.controller.WishController"/>
14.
15. 
16. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.Simple
UrlHandlerMapping">
17. <property name="mappings">
18. <props>
19. <prop key="/hello">helloFormController</prop>
20. <prop key="/wish">wishController</prop>
21. </props>
22. </property>
23. </bean>
24. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
25. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
576

26. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

27. </bean>
Page

28. </beans>

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web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app17</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

3. ControllerClassHandlerMapping

org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping is able to
map the incoming request URI with the Controller class by following the below convention.

a) It will take request URI value and removes extension if any extension.
b) It will make the first letter as Upper Case letter in the Request URI value.
c) It will append Controller to the modified Request URI value.
d) It will search for the respective controller class with the above convention and sends that
Controller class details to DispatcherServlet.

If we submit a request with the URI value "wish" then ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping will
577

search for the Controller class with the name "WishController", in this context, "name" attribute
must not be provided in the Controller class configuration
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
EX:

In the above example, if we submit request with the Request URI "wish" then WishContrlller class
will be mapped.

If we submit request with the URI "welcome" then WelcomeController class will be mapped.

EX:

helloform ---->HelloFormController --> Valid

helloForm ---->HelloFormController --> Invalid, where 'F' is not matched.

If we want to map the request URI with the Contrlller class names in case insensitive manner then
we have to use "caseSensitive" property with the value "true".

EX:

EX:

helloform ---->HelloFormController --> Invalid, 'f' is not matched.

helloForm ---->HelloFormController --> valid.

EXAMPLE:
578

index.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

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helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center"> Durga Software Solutions </h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center"> User Hello Form </h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="wish">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form>
579

25. </body>
26. </html>
Page

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wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

HelloFormController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6.
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8.
9. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
10. public class HelloFormController implements Controller {
11.
12. @Override
13. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
14.
15. return new ModelAndView("helloform");
16. }
17. }
580

WishController.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.

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3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
8.
9. public class WishController implements Controller {
10.
11. @Override
12. public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletRespons
e response) throws Exception {
13. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
14. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
15. }
16. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

19. <props>
20. <prop key="/hello">helloFormController</prop>
Page

21. <prop key="/wish">wishController</prop>

22. </props>

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BY NAGOOR BABU
23. </property>
24. </bean>
25. -->
26. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.C
ontrollerClassNameHandlerMapping">
27. <property name="caseSensitive" value="true"/>
28. </bean>
29. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
30. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
31. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
32. </bean>
33. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app17</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
582

21. </web-app>
Page

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4. DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping:
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping is a default
HandlerMapping class in Spring WEB MVC applications if we use Annotations , it is not required
to configure in Spring configuration File.

It will map incoming request URI with the name provided along with the @RequestMapping
annotation which we provided above of the controller class or Controller class method.

EX:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center"> User Hello Form </h3>

12. <form method="POST" action="wish">
Page

13. <center>

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14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

WishController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
584

6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
Page

8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
9. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

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10. @Controller
11. @RequestMapping("/wish")
12. public class WishController{
13. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
14. public String helloForm() {
15. return "helloform";
16. }
17. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
18. public ModelAndView wish(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response
) throws Exception {
19. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
20. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
21. }
22. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

20. <prop key="/wish">wishController</prop>

21. </props>
Page

22. </property>
23. </bean>

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24.
25. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.C
ontrollerClassNameHandlerMapping">
26. <property name="caseSensitive" value="true"/>
27. </bean>
28. -->
29. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation
.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
30.
31. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
32. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
33. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
34. </bean>
35. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app17</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
586

19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
20. </servlet-mapping>
Page

21. </web-app>

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Note: In Single Spring WEB MVC applications we are able to configure more than one
HandlerMapping classes in spring configuration file, if we want to provide a particular order to
execute them then we have to declare "order" property with a particular value at each and every
HandlerMapping class, where if the order value is low then the HandlerMapping class will get high
priority and if the order value is high then the respective Handlermapping class will get less
priority.

EX:

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans ...>
3. <bean class="com.durgasoft.controller.WishController"/>
4. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handle
r.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping">
5. <property name="order" value="1"/>
6. </bean>
7. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.Si
mpleUrlHandlerMapping">
8. <property name="mappings">
9. <props>
10. <prop key="/hello">helloFormController</prop>
11. <prop key="/wish">wishController</prop>
12. </props>
13. </property>
14. <property name="order" value="2"/>
15. </bean>
16.
17. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.Co
ntrollerClassNameHandlerMapping">
18. <property name="caseSensitive" value="true"/>
19. <property name="order" value="3"/>
20. </bean>
21. <bean name="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.
DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
22. <property name="order" value="4"/>
23. </bean>
24. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalRe
sourceViewResolver">
25. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
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26. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

27. </bean>
Page

28. </beans>

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HandlerInterceptor
In general, in web applications, to provide pre-processing and post-processing services for web
resources like Servlets and JSPs we will use "Servlet Filters".

In web applications, we are able to provide single filter for multiple Servlets and JSPs and we are
able to provide multiple filters for Single Servlet or JSP.

In the above representation, when we submit request to the container for a particular Servlet then
container will perform the following actions.
1. Container will check whether any Filter or Filters are associated with the respective
Servlet or not.
2. If any Filter or Filters are associated with the Servlet then container will execute all the
Filters in one by one fashion in an order which we configured in web.xml file.
3. If the present request is satisfying Filter constraints then Container will forward request to
the next filter or to the Servlet if no filter is existed in next.
4. If the present request is not satisfying the Filter constraints then Filter will send response to
the client through all the previous filters.
5. If all the Filters are executed then Container will execute the respective Servlet, after
execution of the Servlet Container will send the generated response to the client
through all the Filters in reverse order.
Similarly in Spring Web MVC applications, if we want to provide Pre-Processing and Post-
Processing services to any controller or all the controllers components then we have to use
Interceptors.

If we provide Interceptors in Spring WEB MVC applications then they will be executed before
executing the controller, after executing the controller and then after sending response to client.

If we provide Interceptors in Spring WEB MVC applications then they will be executed before
executing the controller, after executing the controller and before sending response to client and
then after sending response to client.

If we want to use Interceptors in Spring WEB MVC applications then we have to use the following
two steps.
1. Prepare Interceptor class
2. Configure Interceptor class in Spring configuration File.

1. Prepare Interceptor class:

588

To prepare Interceptor class we have to declare an user defined class and either implement
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor interface or extend
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org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter class in User defined class.

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Where HandlerInterceptor is an interface contains the following three methods.

1. public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Object

handler)throws Exception
 This method will include pre-processing logic which we want to execute before executing
controller method
 This method will be executed before executing controller class.
 This method will return a boolean value like true or false.
 If this method returns 'true' value then DispatcherServlet will understand the present
Interceptor is executed successfully and request will be forwarded to the next
interceptor or to the Controller if no interceptor is existed.
 If this method returns 'false' value then the present Interceptor constraints are not satisfied
by the present request and Interceptor generates the required response to the client
through all the previos interceptors with out executing the respective Controller.

2. public void postHandle( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object

handler,
ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception
 This method will include the Post-Processing services logic which we want to execute after
executing the controller component.
 This method will be executed after executing the controller component and before
submitting response to client.
 This method can be used to add additional attribute to the ModelAndView object to be used
in the view pages.
 Thismethod can be used to determine the time taken by handler method to process the
client request.

3. public void afterCompletion( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,

Object handler,
Exception e) throws Exception
 This method will be executed after executing the controiller class and after sending
response to client.
 This method will be executed only once for all the controller classes, that is, after the
response renderring.
Note: In Spring WEB MVC applications, preHandler() and postHandle() methods are executed for
each and every controller, but, afterCompletion() method will be executed only once after the
response renderring.

If more than one Interceptor is provided for a controller component then all the Interceptors are
589

executed like below.

Page

If we provide Multiple Interceptors in Spring WEDB MVC application then preHandle() methods
will be executed as per the Interceptors configuration order which we configured in Spring

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configuration file, but, postHandle() and afterCompletion() methods are executed in reverse order
of the Interceptors.

2. Configure Interceptor class in Spring configuration File.

To configure Interceptor class in Spring configuration file , we have to use the following
approaches.

1. Use "interceptors" property of type list in HandlerMapping configuration

2. User <interceptors> tag in spring configuration file directly.
3. Use <mvc:interceptors> tag in Spring configuration file.

1. Use "interceptors" property of type list in HandlerMapping configuration:

2. User <interceptors> tag in spring configuration file directly:

<beans>
----
<interceptors>
<interceptor>
<mapping path="/home" />
<beans:bean
class="com.durgasoft.interceptors.RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor"></beans:bean>
</interceptor>
</interceptors>
------
590

</beans>
Page

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3. Use <mvc:interceptors> tag in Spring configuration file:

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
591

5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
Page

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

8. </head>

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9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center"> Durga Software Solutions </h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center"> User Hello Form </h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="wish">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

18. </body>
19. </html>
Page

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WishController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
9. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
10.
11.
12. @Controller
13. @RequestMapping("/wish")
14. public class WishController {
15. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
16. public String getForm() {
17. return "helloform";
18. }
19.
20. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
21. public ModelAndView wish(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
{
22. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
23. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
24. }
25. }

ProcessingTimeInterceptor.java

1. package com.durgasoft.interceptor;
2. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
4.
5. import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7.
8. public class ProcessingTimeInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
593

9.
10. @Override
Page

11. public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Objec

t arg2, Exception arg3)

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12. throws Exception {
13. System.out.println("Response Rendered");
14. }
15. @Override
16. public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, O
bject handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
17. throws Exception {
18. long startTime = (Long) request.getAttribute("startTime");
19. request.removeAttribute("startTime");
20.
21. long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
22. System.out.println("End Time :"+endTime);
23.
24. System.out.println("Processing Time : "+(endTime-startTime));
25. modelAndView.addObject("startTime", startTime);
26. modelAndView.addObject("endTime", endTime);
27. modelAndView.addObject("totalTime", endTime - startTime);
28. }
29. @Override
30. public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler) throws Exception {
31. long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
32. request.setAttribute("startTime", startTime);
33. System.out.println("start Time :"+startTime);
34. return true;
35. }
36. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11. <context:annotation-config/>
Page

12. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.controller"/>

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13. <bean name="processingTimeInterceptor" class="com.durgasoft.interceptor.Processing
TimeInterceptor"/>
14. <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandle
rMapping">
15. <property name="interceptors">
16. <list>
17. <ref bean="processingTimeInterceptor"/>
18. </list>
19. </property>
20. </bean>
21. <bean name="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalReso
urceViewResolver">
22. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
23. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
24. </bean>
25. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app17</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
595

18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
Page

20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

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ViewResolvers In Spring WEB MVC

In Spring MVC, the main intention of view resolvers are to enable us to render models in a
browser without tying you to a specific view technology like JSP, Velocity, XML…etc.

To handle views, Spring has provided the following two interfaces

1. ViewResolver
2. View

1. ViewResolver: It will provide mapping between View names and the actual views.

2. View: It will take care of preparing Request and handsover to the respective View
Technology.

In Spring WEB MVC applications, ViewResolver takes logical name provided by Controller class
through DispatcherServlet and return View object point to the actual View page, in this context,
DispatcherServlet will access render() method on View object to render the control to view
resource.

Spring Web MVC has provided the following ViewResolvers to handle View in Spring WEB MVC
applications.
1. AbstractCachingViewResolver
2. XmlViewResolver
3. ResourceBundleViewResolver
4. UrlBasedViewResolver
5. InternalResourceViewResolver
6. VelocityViewResolver/FreeMarkerViewResolver

From the above list of View Resolovers , mainly we are able to use the following ViewResolvers in
Spring WEB MVC Applications

1. UrlBasedViewResolver
2. InternalResourceViewResolver
3. XmlViewResolver
4. ResourceBundleViewResolver

1. UrlBasedViewResolver:
This ViewResolver will take view logical name from Controller through DispatcherServlet and
596

searches for the view resources whose name is same as logical view name.

This ViewResolver must required the following three properties configuration.

Page

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1. viewClass: It will take a particular View Class inorder to render response.
EX: org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView.
2. prefix: It will take the location of the View pages under WEB-INF.
3. suffix: It will take the View page extension.

EX:

Note: If we want to use JstlView class as value to the property "viewClass" then we must provide
the following jar files in web application "lib" folder.

1 .taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar
2. taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar

In general, the above jar files are existed in "C:\Tomcat 9.0\webapps\examples\WEB-INF\lib"

location.

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

10. <jsp:forward page="hello"/>

11. </body>
Page

12. </html>

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helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: Red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: Blue;" align="center">User Hello Page</h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="hello">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

8. </head>
Page

9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: Red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>

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11. <h3 style="color: Blue;" align="center">User Wish Page</h3>
12. <h1 style="color: Red;" align="center">Hello ${uname}</h1>
13. </body>
14. </html>

HelloController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
9.
10. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
11.
12.
13. @Controller
14. @RequestMapping("/hello")
15. public class HelloController {
16. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
17. public String showForm() {
18. return "helloform";
19. }
20.
21. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
22. public ModelAndView wish(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response
){
23. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
24. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
25. }
26. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
599

3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
Page

5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="

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web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app19</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12.
13. <servlet>
14. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
15. <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
16. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
17. </servlet>
18. <servlet-mapping>
600

19. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
20. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
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21. </servlet-mapping>
22. </web-app>

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2. InternalResourceViewResolver
InternalResourceViewResolver is sub class to UrlBasedViewResolver, it maps jsp and html files
which are existed in the WebContent/WEB-INF/ folder.

This ViewResolver will take JstlView as default view, if we want to use Jsp pages as view pages
with out Jstl tags then we have to use "InternalResourceView" class as "viewClass".

If we want to use this ViewResolver we must use the following properties.

1.prefix: It will take parent location of the View JSp page, that is, /WEB-INF/
2.suffix: It will take view page extension like .jsp or .html

To configure this ViewResolver in Spring Configuration File we have to use the following XML
tags.

EX:

3. XmlViewResolver:
XmlViewResolver is used to resolve the view names using view beans defined in xml file.

If we want to use this ViewResolver in Spring WEB MVC applications then we have to prepare an
XML file with all View Pages configuration by using <bean> tags. In Views XML configuration file
we have to configure "JstlView" class as bean with the logical name which is returned by the
Controller class, in side JstlView class configuration we have to provide a property "url" with the
name and location of the respective View page.

Note: The default name of the Xml file is "view.xml" file.

WEB-INF/views.xml
601

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Page

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

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3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11. <bean name="helloform" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView">
12. <property name="url" value="/WEB-INF/pages/helloform.jsp"/>
13. </bean>
14. <bean name="wish" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView">
15. <property name="url" value="/WEB-INF/pages/wish.jsp"/>
16. </bean>
17. </beans>

After providing View configuration XML file then we must configure View Configuration file in
Spring Configuration File.

To provide View Configuration File configuration in Spring Configuration file we have to use
"location" property with the View configuration XMl file location in "XmlViewResolver"
configuration.

EX:

ds-servlet.xml

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

602

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
Page

//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

4. <html>

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5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="hello"/>
11. </body>
12. </html>

helloform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: Red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: Blue;" align="center">User Hello Page</h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="hello">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>
603

wish.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

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HelloController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
9.
10. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
11.
12.
13. @Controller
14. @RequestMapping("/hello")
15. public class HelloController {
16. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
17. public String showForm() {
18. return "helloform";
19. }
20.
21. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
22. public ModelAndView wish(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response
){
604

23. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");

24. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
Page

25. }
26. }

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views.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

16. <property name="location" value="/WEB-INF/views.xml"/>

17. </bean>
Page

18. </beans>

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web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app19</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12.
13. <servlet>
14. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
15. <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
16. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
17. </servlet>
18. <servlet-mapping>
19. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
20. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
21. </servlet-mapping>
22. </web-app>

4. ResourceBundleViewResolver:

ResourceBundleViewResolver is used to resolve the view names using properties file.

If we want to use this ViewResolver in Spring WEB MVC applications then we have to prepare a
properties file under "src" folder with all View Pages configuration by using key-value pairs.

In Views properties file we have to configure "JstlView" class as value with the logical name which
is returned by the Controller class in the formate like

logical_Name.(class) = org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView
606

In Views properties file, we have to provide a key "url" with the name and location of the
Page

respective View page with the following format.

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logical_Name.url = /WEB-INF/pages/file_Name.jsp

EX: src/views.properties

helloform.(class)=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView
helloform.url=/WEB-INF/pages/helloform.jsp

After preparing views properties file, we have to configure views properties file in Spring
configuration file under "ResourceBundleViewResolver" with the "basename" property.

EX:

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

helloform.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

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3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: Red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: Blue;" align="center">User Hello Page</h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="hello">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SayHello"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

wish.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

11. <h3 style="color: Blue;" align="center">User Wish Page</h3>

12. <h1 style="color: Red;" align="center">Hello ${uname}</h1>
Page

13. </body>
14. </html>

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HelloController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
9.
10. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
11.
12. @Controller
13. @RequestMapping("/hello")
14. public class HelloController {
15. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
16. public String showForm() {
17.
18. return "helloform";
19. }
20. @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
21. public ModelAndView wish(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response
){
22. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
23. return new ModelAndView("wish", "uname", uname);
24. }
25. }

views.properties
helloform.(class)=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView
helloform.url=/WEB-INF/pages/helloform.jsp
wish.(class)=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView
wish.url=/WEB-INF/pages/wish.jsp
ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
609

4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

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8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11. <context:annotation-config/>
12. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft.controller"/>
13. <bean name="viewResolver" class=" org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ResourceBu
ndleViewResolver">
14. <property name="basename" value="views"/>
15. </bean>
16. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>app19</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12.
13. <servlet>
14. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
15. <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
16. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
17. </servlet>
18. <servlet-mapping>
19. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
20. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
21. </servlet-mapping>
22. </web-app>
610
Page

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File Upload in Spring WEB MVC
IN general, in web applications, it is very frequent to perform upload operations inorder to upload
files from client to Server.

To perform File Upload operation in SPring WEB MVC applications, Spring WEB MVC framework
has provided some predefined library in the form of
"org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"

If we want to perform Upload operation in Spring WEB MVC applications then we have to use the
following steps.

1. Prepare a user form with File components:

1. In User form , we must specify "POST" as "method" attribute in form tag.

2. in User form, we must provide "multipart/form-data" as "enctype" attribute in form tag.

EX:

uploadform.jsp

<form method="POST" action="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">

2. Prepare Controller class with MultipartFile parameter in action method:

EX:UploadController.java:

@Controller
public class UploadController {
-----
@RequestMapping(value="/upload", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView uploadFiles(@RequestParam MultipartFile file) {
611

String status = "";

try{
Page

String file_Name = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();

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FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("E:/uploads/"+file_Name);
byte[] bt = multipartFile.getBytes();
fos.write(bt);
status = "SUCCESS";

} catch (Exception e) {
status = "FAILURE";
e.printStackTrace();
}
return new ModelAndView("status", "status", status);
}
}

3. Configure CommonsMultipartResolver class as bean with the name "multipartResolver" in

spring configuration file:

EX: ds-servlet.xml

Note: For File Upload operation, Spring Framework is using Commons File Upload library
internally, so that, we must provide the following JAR files in web application lib folder along with
all Spring JARs.

commons-fileupload-1.4.jar
commons-io-2.6.jar

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
612

7. <title>Insert title here</title>

8. </head>
9. <body>
Page

10. <jsp:forward page="upload"/>

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11. </body>
12. </html>

uploadform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">File Upload Form</h2>
11. <form method="POST" action="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
12. <center>
13. <table>
14. <tr>
15. <td>File1</td><td><input type="file" name="file"/></td>
16. </tr>
17. <tr>
18. <td>File2</td><td><input type="file" name="file"/></td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td>File3</td><td><input type="file" name="file"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. <tr>
24. <td><input type="submit" value="Upload"/></td>
25. </tr>
26. </table>
27. </center>
28. </form>
29. </body>
30. </html>

status.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

613

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
Page

4. <html>
5. <head>

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BY NAGOOR BABU
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h1 style="color: red;" align="center">Files Upload Status: ${status}</h1>
11. </body>
12. </html>

UploadController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import java.io.FileOutputStream;
4.
5. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
6. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
7. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
8. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
9. import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
10. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
11.
12. @Controller
13. public class UploadController {
14. @RequestMapping(value="/upload", method=RequestMethod.GET)
15. public String showUploadForm() {
16. return "uploadform";
17. }
18.
19. @RequestMapping(value="/upload", method=RequestMethod.POST)
20. public ModelAndView uploadFiles(@RequestParam MultipartFile[] file) {
21. String status = "";
22.
23. try {
24. for(MultipartFile multipartFile: file) {
25. String file_Name = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
26. FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("E:/uploads/"+file_Name);
27. byte[] bt = multipartFile.getBytes();
28. fos.write(bt);
29. status = "SUCCESS";
614

30. }
31.
Page

32. } catch (Exception e) {

33. status = "FAILURE";

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BY NAGOOR BABU
34. e.printStackTrace();
35. }
36. return new ModelAndView("status", "status", status);
37. }
38. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

16.
17. <bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
18. <property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF//" />
19. <property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
20. </bean>
21.
22. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

3. <display-name>exception_handling_web</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
Page

5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>

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7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17.
18. <servlet-mapping>
19. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
20. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
21. </servlet-mapping>
22. </web-app>

616
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BY NAGOOR BABU
File Downloading in Spring WEB MVC
In general, in web applications, it is very frequent operation to perform download operation.

If we want to perform Download operation in Spring WEB MVC Application then we have to use
the following steps.

1. Prepare a File with "Download" button and with the downloadable resource.

EX:

downloadpage.jsp

<form method=‖post‖ action=‖download‖>

2. Prepare Controller class:

IN Controller class and in action method we have to use the following steps.
a) Set Content Type as "APPLICATION/OCTET-STREAM".
response.setContentType("APPLICATION/OCTET-STREM);
b) Set "content-disposition" response header to response object.
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=\""+fileName+"\"");
c) Create File and FileInputStream object with the downloadable resource.
File file = new File("E:\\images\\Java_Python.jpg");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
d) Create OutputStream from response object.
OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream()
e) Get bit by bit from FileInputStream and write bit by bit to OutputStream
int val = fis.read();
while(val != -1) {
os.write(val);
val = fis.read();
}

Example:
617

index.jsp
Page

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

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2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <jsp:forward page="download"/>
11. </body>
12. </html>

downloadpage.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html>
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <form method="post" action="download">
11. <center>
12. <table>
13. <tr>
14. <td><img alt="Java_Python_Image" src="E:\images\Java_Python.jpg" width="200" heig
ht="200"/></td>
15. </tr>
16. <tr>
17. <td><input type="submit" value="Download"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. </table>
20. </center>
21. </form>
22. </body>
23. </html>
618

DownloadController.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.

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3. import java.io.File;
4. import java.io.FileInputStream;
5. import java.io.OutputStream;
6.
7. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
9.
10. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
11. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
12. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
13. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
14.
15. @Controller
16. public class DownloadController {
17. @RequestMapping(value="/download",method=RequestMethod.GET)
18. public String showDownloadPage() {
19. return "downloadpage";
20. }
21. @RequestMapping(value="/download", method=RequestMethod.POST)
22. public void download(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)thro
ws Exception {
23. response.setContentType("APPLICATION/OCTET-STREAM");
24. File file = new File("E:\\images\\Java_Python.jpg");
25. FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
26. String fileName = file.getName();
27. response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=\""+fileName+"\"");
28.
29. OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
30. int val = fis.read();
31.
32. while(val != -1) {
33. os.write(val);
34. val = fis.read();
35. }
36. fis.close();
37. os.close();
38. }
39. }
619

ds-servlet.xml
Page

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

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3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <context:component-scan base-package = "com.durgasoft.controller" />
13. <bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
14. <property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF//" />
15. <property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
16. </bean>
17.
18. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>exception_handling_web</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17. <servlet-mapping>
620

18. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
19. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
Page

20. </servlet-mapping>
21. </web-app>

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Internationalization[I18N]
Internationalization is the process of designing Java application on the basis of Locality is called
as Internationalization.

Java is providing very good Internationalization support in Java applications due to UNICODE
representations and the predefined library like java.util.Locale and some of the predefined classes
from java.text package.

To provide Internationalization in Spring WEB MVC applications , Spring has provided very good
environment with the following two beans.
1. SessionLocaleResolver
2. LocaleChangeInterceptor

1. SessionLocaleResolver:
SessionLocaleResolver resolves locales by inspecting a predefined attribute in a user‘s session. If
the session attribute doesn‘t exist, this locale resolver determines the default locale from the
accept-language HTTP header.
<bean id="localeResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver">
<property name="defaultLocale" value="en" />
</bean>

2. LocaleChangeInterceptor:
LocaleChangeInterceptor interceptor detects if a special parameter is present in the current HTTP
request. The parameter name can be customized with the paramName property of this
interceptor. If such a parameter is present in the current request, this interceptor changes the
user‘s locale according to the parameter value.

<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
<property name="interceptors">
<list>
621

<ref bean="localeChangeInterceptor" />

</list>
</property>
Page

</bean>

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To implement Internationalization in Spring WEB MVC application then we have to use the
following steps.

1. Prepare properties file for each and every local to which we want to support.

In Internationalization , we have to prepare a seperate properties file with the locale respective
messages in the form of Key-Value pairs, where keys must be in English and the values must be
in the respective language letters in the form of UNOCODE.

In general, the name format of the properties file is "baseName_lang.properties".

EX:
messages_en.properties

uname = User Name

upwd = User Password
messages_it.properties

uname = Usere Nameo

upwd = Usere Passwordo

2. Prepare User forms by getting messages from the properties file:

To get messages from properties files we have to use the following tag from Spring tag library with
the URI "http://www.springframework.org/tags".

<spring:message code="--"/>
Where code attribute will take key of the message defined in properties file.

registrationform.jsp

1. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>

2. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>
3. <html>
4. <body>
5. <form:form method="POST" action="reg" commandName="user">
6. <center>
7. <table>
8. <tr>
622

9. <td><spring:message code="uname"/></td>
10. <td><form:input path="uname"/></td>
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11. </tr>

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12. <tr>
13. <td><spring:message code="upwd"/></td>
14. <td><form:password path="upwd"/></td>
15. </tr>
16. <tr>
17. <td><spring:message code="uemail"/></td>
18. <td><form:input path="uemail"/></td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td><spring:message code="umobile"/></td>
22. <td><form:input path="umobile"/></td>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td><input type="submit" value="Registration"/></td>
26. </tr>
27. </table>
28. </center>
29. </form:form>
30. </body>
31. </html>

3. Configure "SessionLocaleResolver", "LocaleChangeInterceptor" and

"ResourceBundleMessageSource" in Spring Configuration File:

Where the purpose of SessionLocaleResolver is to resolves locales by inspecting a predefined

attribute in a user‘s session. If the session attribute doesn‘t exist, this locale resolver determines
the default locale from the accept-language HTTP header.

Where the purpose of "LocaleChangeInterceptor" is to detects if a special parameter is present in

the current HTTP request. The parameter name can be customized with the paramName property
of this interceptor. If such a parameter is present in the current request, this interceptor changes
the user‘s locale according to the parameter value.

Where the purpose of "ResourceBundleMessageSource" is to resolve the properties file on the

basis of the provided "basename" property inorder to submit values to the User forms.

ds-servlet.xml

1. <beans>
623

2. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft" />

3. <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandl
Page

erAdapter" />
4.

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5. <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
6. <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
7. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
8. </bean>
9.
10. <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundl
eMessageSource">
11. <property name="basename" value="messages" />
12. </bean>
13.
14. <bean id="localeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocale
Resolver">
15. <property name="defaultLocale" value="en" />
16. </bean>
17.
18. <bean id="localeChangeInterceptor" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.Local
eChangeInterceptor">
19. <property name="paramName" value="lang" />
20. </bean>
21. <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandle
rMapping">
22. <property name="interceptors">
23. <list>
24. <ref bean="localeChangeInterceptor" />
25. </list>
26. </property>
27. </bean>
28.
29. </beans>

Example:
messages_en.properties
title1 = Durga Software Solutions
title2 = User Registration Form
uname = User Name
upwd = User Password
uemail = User Email Id
umobile = User Mobile No
messages_it.properties
624

title1 = Durga Software Solutions

title2 = Usere Registratione Formo
Page

uname = Usero Nameo

upwd = Passwordo

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uemail = Usere Emailo
umobile = Usero Mobileo
messages_hi.properties
title1 = Durga Software Solutions
title2 = User Registration Form
uname = Upayuktha Naam
upwd = Upayuktha Rahsya Naam
uemail = Upayuktha Vidyuth Naam
umobile = Upayuktha Charavani Sakya
index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

registrationform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
4. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>
5. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
625

6. <html>
7. <head>
Page

8. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

9. <title>Insert title here</title>

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10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">
13. <spring:message code="title1"/>
14. </h2>
15. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">
16. <spring:message code="title2"/>
17. </h3>
18. <form:form method="POST" action="reg" commandName="user">
19. <center>
20. <table>
21. <tr>
22. <td><spring:message code="uname"/></td>
23. <td><form:input path="uname"/></td>
24. </tr>
25. <tr>
26. <td><spring:message code="upwd"/></td>
27. <td><form:password path="upwd"/></td>
28. </tr>
29. <tr>
30. <td><spring:message code="uemail"/></td>
31. <td><form:input path="uemail"/></td>
32. </tr>
33. <tr>
34. <td><spring:message code="umobile"/></td>
35. <td><form:input path="umobile"/></td>
36. </tr>
37. <tr>
38. <td><input type="submit" value="Registration"/></td>
39. </tr>
40. </table>
41. </center>
42. </form:form>
43. </body>
44. </html>

registrationdetails.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

626

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
Page

4. <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>

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5. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
6. <html>
7. <head>
8. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
9. <title>Insert title here</title>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">
13. <spring:message code="title1"/>
14. </h2>
15. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">
16. <spring:message code="title2"/>
17. </h3>
18. <center>
19. <table border="1">
20. <tr>
21. <td><spring:message code="uname"/></td>
22. <td>${user.uname}</td>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td><spring:message code="upwd"/></td>
26. <td>${user.upwd}</td>
27. </tr>
28. <tr>
29. <td><spring:message code="uemail"/></td>
30. <td>${user.uemail}</td>
31. </tr>
32. <tr>
33. <td><spring:message code="umobile"/></td>
34. <td>${user.umobile}</td>
35. </tr>
36. </table>
37. </center>
38. </body>
39. </html>

I18NController.java
627

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
Page

3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
4. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

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5. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
6. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7. import com.durgasoft.command.User;
8.
9. @Controller
10. public class I18nController {
11. @RequestMapping(value="/reg", method=RequestMethod.GET)
12. public ModelAndView showForm() {
13. return new ModelAndView("registrationform", "user", new User());
14. }
15.
16. @RequestMapping(value="/reg", method=RequestMethod.POST)
17. public ModelAndView registration(User user) {
18. return new ModelAndView("registrationdetails", "user", user);
19. }
20. }

User.java

1. package com.durgasoft.command;
2.
3. public class User {
4. private String uname;
5. private String upwd;
6. private String uemail;
7. private String umobile;
8.
9. public String getUname() {
10. return uname;
11. }
12. public void setUname(String uname) {
13. this.uname = uname;
14. }
15. public String getUpwd() {
16. return upwd;
17. }
18. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
19. this.upwd = upwd;
20. }
628

21. public String getUemail() {

22. return uemail;
Page

23. }
24. public void setUemail(String uemail) {

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25. this.uemail = uemail;
26. }
27. public String getUmobile() {
28. return umobile;
29. }
30. public void setUmobile(String umobile) {
31. this.umobile = umobile;
32. }
33. }

ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
11.
12. <context:component-scan base-package = "com.durgasoft.controller" />
13.
14. <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBun
dleMessageSource">
15. <property name="basename" value="/com/durgasoft/resources/messages" />
16. </bean>
17.
18. <bean id="localeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocale
Resolver">
19. <property name="defaultLocale" value="en" />
20. </bean>
21.
22. <bean id="localeChangeInterceptor" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.Local
eChangeInterceptor">
23. <property name="paramName" value="lang" />
24. </bean>
629

25.
26. <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandle
Page

rMapping">
27. <property name="interceptors">

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28. <list>
29. <ref bean="localeChangeInterceptor" />
30. </list>
31. </property>
32. </bean>
33.
34. <bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
35. <property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/" />
36. <property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" />
37. </bean>
38.
39. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>i18napp</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
14. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
15. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
16. </servlet>
17.
18. <servlet-mapping>
19. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
20. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
21. </servlet-mapping>
630

22. </web-app>
Page

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SPRING MVC with TILES

Spring WEB MVC with Tiles Integration:

In general, in web applications, we have to organize the web pages in a standard mode inorder to
improve Look and Feel.

To manage all the web pages in standard manner we have to use templates.

In general, we will use the following templates to prepare web pages in web applications.

631
Page

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To manage all the web pages in the above provided templates and to manage flow of execution
between all the web pages we have to use a Apache provided Tiles framework.
632

Apache Software Foundations has provided the complete Tiles Framework in the form of the
following JAR files.
Page

 tiles-api-2.2.2.jar

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 tiles-core-2.2.2.jar
 tiles-jsp-2.2.2.jar
 tiles-servlet-2.2.2.jar
 tiles-template-2.2.2.jar

If we want to use Tiles Framework in our web applications then we have to provide the above Jar
files in web application lib folder.

The web frameworks like Struts, JSF, Xwork2 .... are using already Tiles Framework to prepare
web applications.

Spring web MVC framework is also providing in built support for Tiles Framework Integration
inorder to prepare web applications.

If we want to use Tiles Framework in Spring web MVC applications then we have to use the
following steps.

1. Prepare Template page by using Tiles tags.

2. Prepare Tiles pages.
3. Prepare Tiles definitions.
4. Prepare Controller class.

1. Prepare Template page by using Tiles tags:

The main intention of Template page is to define a standard template for web pages.

To prepare Template pages we have to use the following Tiles tag library which is available with
the URI "http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles".

<tiles:insertAttribute name="--"/>

This tag can be used to define tiles logical names in Template.

Where "name" attribute will take logical name of the tile in Template.

633
Page

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EX:

1. <%@taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles" %>

2. <html>
3. <body>
4. <table width="100%" height="100%">
5. <tr height="20%">
6. <td colspan="2" align="center">
7. <tiles:insertAttribute name="header"/>
8. </td>
9. </tr>
10. <tr height="60%">
11. <td width="20%">
12. <tiles:insertAttribute name="menu"/>
13. </td>
14. <td width="80%">
15. <tiles:insertAttribute name="body"/>
16. </td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr height="15%">
19. <td colspan="2" align="center">
20. <tiles:insertAttribute name="footer"/>
21. </td>
22. </tr>
23. </table>
24. </body>
25. </html>

2. Prepare Tiles pages:

In Tiles based web applications, Tile is a JSP page it able to represent Header, Footer, Menu,
Body,.....

EX:

header.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <h1 style="color: white;">DURGA SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS</h1>
634

4. </body>
5. </html>
Page

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menu.jsp

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <br>
4. <h3>
5. <a href="add">Add Student</a><br><br>
6. <a href="search">Search Student</a><br><br>
7. <a href="delete">Delete Student</a>
8. </h3>
9. </body>
10. </html>

3. Prepare Tiles definitions

The main intention of Tiles Definitions is to define the cobination of tiles pages in the form of
Definitions.

In Tiles based web applications, we have to define all tiles definitions in an xml file by using the
following xml tags.

<!DOCTYPE ----- >

<tiles-definitions>
<definition name="--" template="--">
<put-attribute name="--" value="--"/>
------
</definition>
------
</tiles-definitions>

 Where <tiles-definitions> is root tags, it will include no of definitions.

 Where <definition> tag is able to provide single definition which includes tiles pages.
 Where "name" attribute in <definition> tag will take definition name.
 Where "template" attribute in <definition> tag will take the name and location of the layout
page
 Where <put-attribute> tag will assign tile JSP page to the respective logical name of the tile
in JSP page.
 Where "name" in <put-attribute> will take logical name of the tile.
 Where "value" attribute will take the name and location of the tile JSP page.
635

In Tiles definitions file, we are able to extend one definition to another definition by using "extends"
attribute inorder to reuse tiles configurations and we are able to override one tile configuration to
Page

another tiles configuration just like normal inheritance and method overridding.

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Note: We are able to get DOCTYPE definition in tiles definitions file by using the following dtd file
from tiles-core-2.2.2.jar.

org\apache\tiles\resources\tiles-config_2_1.dtd

EX:

tiles-defs.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2.
3. <!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC "-
//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.1//EN"
4. "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_2_1.dtd">
5.
6. <tiles-definitions>
7. <definition name="welcomeDef" template="/WEB-INF/layout.jsp">
8. <put-attribute name="header" value="/WEB-INF/header.jsp"/>
9. <put-attribute name="menu" value="/WEB-INF/menu.jsp"/>
10. <put-attribute name="body" value="/WEB-INF/welcome.jsp"/>
11. <put-attribute name="footer" value="/WEB-INF/footer.jsp"/>
12. </definition>
13. <definition name="addDef" extends="welcomeDef">
14. <put-attribute name="body" value="/WEB-INF/addstudent.jsp"/>
15. </definition>
16. <definition name="searchDef" extends="welcomeDef">
17. <put-attribute name="body" value="/WEB-INF/searchstudent.jsp"/>
18. </definition>
19. <definition name="deleteDef" extends="welcomeDef">
20. <put-attribute name="body" value="/WEB-INF/deletestudent.jsp"/>
21. </definition>
22. <definition name="statusDef" extends="welcomeDef">
23. <put-attribute name="body" value="/WEB-INF/status.jsp"/>
24. </definition>
25. </tiles-definitions>

4. Prepare Controller class.

In Tiles based applications, we will prepare Controller classes as like normal Controller classes ,
but, the respective Business methods must return tiles definitions logical name only instead of jsp
636

pages names.
Page

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BY NAGOOR BABU
EX:

StudentController.java

1. @Controller
2. public class StudentController {
3.
4. @RequestMapping(value="/welcome", method=RequestMethod.GET)
5. public String welcome() {
6. return "welcomeDef";
7. }
8.
9. @RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.GET)
10. public ModelAndView addStudent() {
11. return new ModelAndView("addDef", "student", new Student());
12. }
13.
14. @RequestMapping(value="/search", method=RequestMethod.GET)
15. public ModelAndView searchStudent() {
16. return new ModelAndView("searchDef", "student", new Student());
17. }
18.
19. @RequestMapping(value="/delete", method=RequestMethod.GET)
20. public ModelAndView deleteStudent() {
21. return new ModelAndView("deleteDef", "student", new Student());
22. }
23.
24. @RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.POST)
25. public ModelAndView add(Student student) {
26. String status = studentService.addStudent(student);
27. return new ModelAndView("statusDef", "status", status);
28. }
29.
30. @RequestMapping(value="/search", method=RequestMethod.POST)
31. public ModelAndView search(Student student) {
32. Student std = studentService.searchStudent(student.getSid());
33. if(std == null) {
34. return new ModelAndView("statusDef", "status", "Student Not Existed");
35. }else {
637

36. return new ModelAndView("studentDetailsDef", "student", std);

37. }
Page

38. }

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39. @RequestMapping(value="/delete", method=RequestMethod.POST)
40. public ModelAndView delete(Student student) {
41. String status = studentService.deleteStudent(student.getSid());
42. return new ModelAndView("statusDef", "status", status);
43. }
44. }

Prepare Spring Configuration File:

In Spring configuration file we have to provide the following configuration details.

1. UrlBasedViewResolver with TilesView class.
2. TilesConfigurer with "definitions" property of list type with tiles definitions xml file.

EX:

ds-servlet.xml

1. <beans>
2. -----
3. <bean id="viewResolver"
4. class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
5. <property name="viewClass">
6. <value>
7. org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesView
8. </value>
9. </property>
10. </bean>
11.
12. <bean id="tilesConfigurer"
13. class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesConfigurer">
14. <property name="definitions">
15. <list>
16. <value>/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml</value>
17. </list>
18. </property>
19. </bean>
20. ------
638

21. </beans>
Page

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Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

layout.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3.
4. <%@taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles" %>
5. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
6. <html>
7. <head>
8. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
9. <title>Insert title here</title>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <table width="100%" height="550">
13. <tr height="20%">
14. <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="maroon">
15. <tiles:insertAttribute name="header"/>
16. </td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr height="60%">
639

19. <td width="20%" bgcolor="lightyellow">

20. <tiles:insertAttribute name="menu"/>
Page

21. </td>

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22. <td width="80%" bgcolor="lightblue">
23. <tiles:insertAttribute name="body"/>
24. </td>
25. </tr>
26. <tr height="15%">
27. <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="blue">
28. <tiles:insertAttribute name="footer"/>
29. </td>
30. </tr>
31. </table>
32. </body>
33. </html>

header.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

menu.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

8. </head>
9. <body>
Page

10. <br>
11. <h3>

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12. <a href="add">Add Student</a><br><br>
13. <a href="search">Search Student</a><br><br>
14. <a href="delete">Delete Student</a>
15. </h3>
16. </body>
17. </html>

welcome.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

footer.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

9. <body>
10. <h3 style="color: white" align="center">
Page

11. Durgasoft India Pvt Ltd., 202, HMDA, Mitrivanam, Ameerpet, Hyd-38
12. </h3>

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13. </body>
14. </html>

addstudent.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3.
4. <%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
5. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
6. <html>
7. <head>
8. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
9. <title>Insert title here</title>
10. </head>
11. <body><br><br>
12. <form:form method="POST" action="add" commandName="student">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>Student Id</td>
17. <td><form:input path="sid"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td>Student Name</td>
21. <td><form:input path="sname"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. <tr>
24. <td>Student Address</td>
25. <td><form:input path="saddr"/></td>
26. </tr>
27. <tr>
28. <td><input type="submit" value="ADD"/></td>
29. </tr>
30. </table>
31. </center>
32. </form:form>
33. </body>
642

34. </html>
Page

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searchstudent.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3.
4. <%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
5. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
6. <html>
7. <head>
8. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
9. <title>Insert title here</title>
10. </head>
11. <body><br><br>
12. <form:form method="POST" action="search" commandName="student">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>Student Id</td>
17. <td><form:input path="sid"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td><input type="submit" value="SEARCH"/></td>
21. </tr>
22. </table>
23. </center>
24. </form:form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

deletestudent.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

7. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

8. <title>Insert title here</title>
Page

9. </head>
10. <body><br><br>

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11. <form:form method="POST" action="delete" commandName="student">
12. <center>
13. <table>
14. <tr>
15. <td>Student Id</td>
16. <td><form:input path="sid"/></td>
17. </tr>
18. <tr>
19. <td><input type="submit" value="DELETE"/></td>
20. </tr>
21. </table>
22. </center>
23. </form:form>
24. </body>
25. </html>

studentdetails.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

21. <tr>
22. <td>Student Address</td>
Page

23. <td>${student.saddr}</td>
24. </tr>

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25. </table>
26. </center>
27. </body>
28. </html>

status.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

StudentController.java

1. package com.durgasoft.controller;
2.
3. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
4. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
5. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
6. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
7. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
8.
9. import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
10. import com.durgasoft.service.StudentService;
11.
12. @Controller
13. public class StudentController {
14.
15. @Autowired
645

16. private StudentService studentService;

17.
Page

18. @RequestMapping(value="/welcome", method=RequestMethod.GET)

19. public String welcome() {

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20. return "welcomeDef";
21. }
22.
23. @RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.GET)
24. public ModelAndView addStudent() {
25. return new ModelAndView("addDef", "student", new Student());
26. }
27.
28. @RequestMapping(value="/search", method=RequestMethod.GET)
29. public ModelAndView searchStudent() {
30. return new ModelAndView("searchDef", "student", new Student());
31. }
32.
33. @RequestMapping(value="/delete", method=RequestMethod.GET)
34. public ModelAndView deleteStudent() {
35. return new ModelAndView("deleteDef", "student", new Student());
36. }
37.
38. @RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.POST)
39. public ModelAndView add(Student student) {
40. String status = studentService.addStudent(student);
41. return new ModelAndView("statusDef", "status", status);
42. }
43.
44. @RequestMapping(value="/search", method=RequestMethod.POST)
45. public ModelAndView search(Student student) {
46. Student std = studentService.searchStudent(student.getSid());
47. if(std == null) {
48. return new ModelAndView("statusDef", "status", "Student Not Existed");
49. }else {
50. return new ModelAndView("studentDetailsDef", "student", std);
51. }
52. }
53. @RequestMapping(value="/delete", method=RequestMethod.POST)
54. public ModelAndView delete(Student student) {
55. String status = studentService.deleteStudent(student.getSid());
56. return new ModelAndView("statusDef", "status", status);
57. }
58. }
646

StudentService.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft.service;

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BY NAGOOR BABU
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
4.
5. public interface StudentService {
6. public String addStudent(Student std);
7. public Student searchStudent(String sid);
8. public String deleteStudent(String sid);
9. }

StudentServiceImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
4. import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
5. import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
6.
7. import com.durgasoft.beans.Student;
8. import com.durgasoft.dao.StudentDao;
9. import com.durgasoft.entity.StudentEntity;
10.
11.
12. @Service("studentService")
13. public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
14.
15. @Autowired
16. private StudentDao studentDao;
17.
18. @Transactional
19. @Override
20. public String addStudent(Student std) {
21. StudentEntity stdEntity = new StudentEntity();
22. stdEntity.setSid(std.getSid());
23. stdEntity.setSname(std.getSname());
24. stdEntity.setSaddr(std.getSaddr());
25.
26. String status = studentDao.add(stdEntity);
27. return status;
28. }
647

29.
30. @Override
Page

31. public Student searchStudent(String sid) {

32. StudentEntity stdEntity = studentDao.search(sid);

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33. Student std = null;
34. if(stdEntity == null) {
35. std = null;
36. }else {
37. std = new Student();
38. std.setSid(stdEntity.getSid());
39. std.setSname(stdEntity.getSname());
40. std.setSaddr(stdEntity.getSaddr());
41. }
42. return std;
43. }
44.
45. @Transactional
46. @Override
47. public String deleteStudent(String sid) {
48. String status = studentDao.delete(sid);
49. return status;
50. }
51. }

StudentDao.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.entity.StudentEntity;
4.
5. public interface StudentDao {
6. public String add(StudentEntity stdEntity);
7. public StudentEntity search(String sid);
8. public String delete(String sid);
9. }

StudentDaoImpl.java

1. package com.durgasoft.dao;
2.
3. import org.hibernate.Session;
4. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
5. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
648

6. import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate;
7. import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
Page

8. import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
9. import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

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10.
11. import com.durgasoft.entity.StudentEntity;
12.
13. @Repository("studentDao")
14.
15. public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
16.
17.
18.
19. @Autowired
20. private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
21. String status = "";
22.
23. @Override
24. public String add(StudentEntity stdEntity) {
25. try {
26.
27. StudentEntity std = (StudentEntity)hibernateTemplate.get(StudentEntity.class, stdE
ntity.getSid());
28. if(std == null) {
29. String pk_Val = (String) hibernateTemplate.save(stdEntity);
30. if(pk_Val.equals(stdEntity.getSid())) {
31. status = "Student Inserted Successfully";
32. }else {
33. status = "Student Insertion Failure";
34. }
35. }else {
36. status = "Student Existed Already";
37. }
38. } catch (Exception e) {
39. status = "Student Insertion Failure";
40. e.printStackTrace();
41. }
42. return status;
43. }
44.
45. @Override
46. public StudentEntity search(String sid) {
47. StudentEntity stdEntity = null;
649

48. try {
49. stdEntity = (StudentEntity) hibernateTemplate.get(StudentEntity.class, sid);
Page

50.
51. } catch (Exception e) {

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52. e.printStackTrace();
53. }
54. return stdEntity;
55. }
56.
57. @Override
58. public String delete(String sid) {
59. try {
60. StudentEntity stdEntity = hibernateTemplate.get(StudentEntity.class, sid);
61. if(stdEntity == null) {
62. status = "Student Not Existed";
63. }else {
64. hibernateTemplate.delete(stdEntity);
65. status = "Student Deleted SUccessfully";
66. }
67. } catch (Exception e) {
68. e.printStackTrace();
69. status = "Student Deletion Failure";
70. }
71. return status;
72. }
73.
74. }

Student.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class Student {
4. private String sid;
5. private String sname;
6. private String saddr;
7.
8. public String getSid() {
9. return sid;
10. }
11. public void setSid(String sid) {
12. this.sid = sid;
13. }
650

14. public String getSname() {

15. return sname;
Page

16. }
17. public void setSname(String sname) {

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18. this.sname = sname;
19. }
20. public String getSaddr() {
21. return saddr;
22. }
23. public void setSaddr(String saddr) {
24. this.saddr = saddr;
25. }
26.
27.
28. }

StudentEntity.java

1. package com.durgasoft.entity;
2.
3. import javax.persistence.Column;
4. import javax.persistence.Entity;
5. import javax.persistence.Id;
6. import javax.persistence.Table;
7.
8. @Entity
9. @Table(name="student")
10. public class StudentEntity {
11. @Id
12. @Column(name="SID")
13. private String sid;
14. @Column(name="SNAME")
15. private String sname;
16. @Column(name="SADDR")
17. private String saddr;
18.
19. public String getSid() {
20. return sid;
21. }
22. public void setSid(String sid) {
23. this.sid = sid;
24. }
25. public String getSname() {
651

26. return sname;

27. }
Page

28. public void setSname(String sname) {

29. this.sname = sname;

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30. }
31. public String getSaddr() {
32. return saddr;
33. }
34. public void setSaddr(String saddr) {
35. this.saddr = saddr;
36. }
37. }

tiles-defs.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

28. </tiles-definitions>
Page

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ds-servlet.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
5. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
6. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
7. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
8.
9. xsi:schemaLocation="
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
13. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
14. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
15. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
16. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
17. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
18.
19. <context:component-scan base-package="com.durgasoft" />
20. <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="hibernateTransactionManager" />
21.
22. <bean id="viewResolver"
23. class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
24. <property name="viewClass">
25. <value>
26. org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesView
27. </value>
28. </property>
29. </bean>
30.
31. <bean id="tilesConfigurer"
32. class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesConfigurer">
33. <property name="definitions">
34. <list>
35. <value>/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml</value>
36. </list>
37. </property>
653

38. </bean>
39.
Page

40. <bean id="dataSource"

41. class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">

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42. <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>
43. <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe"/>
44. <property name="username" value="system"/>
45. <property name="password" value="durga"/>
46. </bean>
47.
48. <bean id="sessionFactory"
49. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
50. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
51. <property name="annotatedClasses">
52. <list>
53. <value>com.durgasoft.entity.StudentEntity</value>
54. </list>
55. </property>
56. <property name="hibernateProperties">
57. <props>
58. <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>
59. 
60. </props>
61. </property>
62. </bean>
63.
64. <bean id="hibernateTransactionManager"
65. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
66. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
67. </bean>
68.
69. <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTe
mplate">
70. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
71. </bean>
72.
73. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
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3. <display-name>tilesapp</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>

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5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12.
13. <servlet>
14. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
15. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
16. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
17. </servlet>
18.
19. <servlet-mapping>
20. <servlet-name>ds</servlet-name>
21. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
22. </servlet-mapping>
23.
24. </web-app>

To run this application we have to use the following JARs in web application lib folder.

1) Spring MVC + Spring ORM + Spring Tx + Spriong JDBC + Spring AOP

2) Tiles Jars and its supportig jars
3) jstl jars If we use JstlView class.
4) Hibernate Jars
5) ojdbc6.jar
6) Commons bean utils+commons digester + log4j + slf4j-log4j12 + slf4j

Spring JARS:
spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-aspects-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-jdbc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
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spring-orm-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-tx-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
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spring-web-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-webmvc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar

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Tiles and dependent JARS:

commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar
commons-digester-2.1.jar
log4j.jar
slf4j-log4j12.jar
slf4j.jar
tiles-api-2.2.2.jar
tiles-core-2.2.2.jar
tiles-jsp-2.2.2.jar
tiles-servlet-2.2.2.jar
tiles-template-2.2.2.jar

Jstl Jars
taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar
taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar

Hibernate Jars:
antlr-2.7.7.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.5.Final.jar
hibernate-core-4.3.11.Final.jar
hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.11.Final.jar
hibernate-jpa-2.1-api-1.0.0.Final.jar
jandex-1.1.0.Final.jar
javassist-3.18.1-GA.jar
jboss-logging-3.1.3.GA.jar
jboss-logging-annotations-1.2.0.Beta1.jar
jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar
ojdbc6.jar

ALL Jars Together

antlr-2.7.7.jar
commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar
commons-digester-2.1.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.5.Final.jar
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hibernate-core-4.3.11.Final.jar
hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.11.Final.jar
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hibernate-jpa-2.1-api-1.0.0.Final.jar
jandex-1.1.0.Final.jar

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javassist-3.18.1-GA.jar
jboss-logging-3.1.3.GA.jar
jboss-logging-annotations-1.2.0.Beta1.jar
jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar
log4j.jar
ojdbc6.jar
slf4j-log4j12.jar
slf4j.jar
spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-aspects-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-jdbc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-orm-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-tx-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-web-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-webmvc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar
taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar
tiles-api-2.2.2.jar
tiles-core-2.2.2.jar
tiles-jsp-2.2.2.jar
tiles-servlet-2.2.2.jar
tiles-template-2.2.2.jar

Spring_Struts Integration:

Struts Overview:

 Framework is a semi implemented application, it will be used to design applications in

simplified manner.
 Framework is prefabricated software units that programmer can share, customize, reuse in
order to simplify application development.
 Framework is the collection of predefined classes and interfaces to simplify application
development.
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In general, in Applications development, Frameworks will provide the following advantages.

1. Frameworks will provide common implementation in all the projects as predefined
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implementation

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EX: Controller Servlets and the services like I18N, Exception Handling, Validations ,.....
2. Frameworks will provide standard template to design applications.
3. Frameworks will provide standard flow of execution between the components.
4. Frameworks will reduce application development time.
5. Frameworks will reduce application development cost.
6. Frameworks will improve productivity.
7. Frameworks will provide modularity in application development.

There are two types of Frameworks.

1. Web Frameworks
2. Application Frameworks

What is the difference between web frameworks and Application Frameworks?

Ans:

Web Frameworks will provide very good environment to prepare and execute web applications
only.
EX: Struts, JSF.

Application Frameworks will provide very good environment to prepare and execute any type of
JAVA/J2EE Applications including Standalone Applications, Web applications, Distributed
Applications,
EX: Spring

Struts is MVC based web framework provided by Apache Software Foundations.

Struts is existed in two versions.

1. Struts1.x
2. Struts2.x

If we want to prepare Struts applications in Struts1.x version then we have to use the following
components
1. View
2. Deployment Descriptor
3. Controller [ActionServlet]
4. Action class
5. Action Form
6. Struts Configuration File
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1. View:
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In Struts applications, View part is representing presentation part.

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In web applications, there are two types of presentation part.
1. Informational Presentation part
2. Form Based Presentation part

1. Informational Presentation part

This type view part is able to provide only information to the user, which includes status of the
server side actions like Success, failure, ... and display a particular database table data,.....

EXAMPLE: success.html

<h1> Login Success </h1>

2. Form Based Presentation part:

This type of view part is able to provide a form to collect data from users and to submit data to the
server side applications.

In Struts applications, to prepare Presentation part we are able to use plain HTML tags, but, which
are not suggestible. In Struts applications it is suggestible to use Struts provided tag library.

EX: loginform.html

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <form method="POSt" action="login.*">
4. <table>
5. <tr>
6. <td>User Name</td>
7. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
8. </tr>
9. <tr>
10. <td>Password</td>
11. <td><input type="password" name="upwd"/></td>
12. </tr>
13. <tr>
14. <td><ipnut type="submit" value="Login"/></td>
15. </tr>
16. </table></form></body></html>
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The above login form with Struts provided html tag library
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EX: loginform.jsp

1. <%@taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html" %>

2. <html:html>
3. <body>
4. <html:form method="POST" action="login.do">
5. <table>
6. <tr>
7. <td>User Name</td>
8. <td><html:text property="uname"/></td>
9. </tr>
10. <tr>
11. <td>Password</td>
12. <td><html:password property="upwd"/></td>
13. </tr>
14. <tr>
15. <td><html:submit>Login</html:submit></td>
16. </tr>
17. </table></html:form></body></html>

2. Deployment Descriptor:

Deployment descriptor is web.xml file, it will provide description about our web application which is
required by the container in order to perform server side actions.
In general, in web applications, web.xml file will provide the following configuration details.

1. Display names configurations.

2. Welcome Files Configurations.
3. Servlets configurations
4. Filters Configurations
5. Listeners Configurations.
6. Session time out configurations
7. Error Pages Configurations
8. Taglib configurations
In Struts based web applications, the main intention of web.xml file is to configure controller
Servlet that is ActionServlet.
EX:

1. <web-app>
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2. <servlet>
3. <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
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4. <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet

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5. </servlet-class>
6. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
7. </servlet>
8. <servlet-mapping>
9. <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
10. <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
11. </servlet-mapping>
12. </web-app>

3. Controller [ActionServlet]

In Struts Framework, ActionServlet is predefined Controller, it was provided in the form of

org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet .

In Struts applications, ActionServlet will perform the following actions.

1. ActionServlet will take request from Client.

2. ActionServlet will identify the names and locations of the ActionForm and Action class
through Struts configuration file.
3. ActionServlet will load , instantiate ActionForm class.
4. ActionServlet will store form data in ActionForm object.
5. ActionServlet will load and instantiation Action class.
6. ActionServlet will execute execute(--) method in Action class.
7. ActionServlet will identify view page through Struts configuration file.
8. ActionServlet will forward request to view page inorder to generate response.

Note: In Struts applications, ActionServlet is performing all the above actions by using
"RequestProcessor" internally.

4. Action Class or Controller Component:

In Struts based web applications, the main intention of ActionForm or FormBean component is to
manage a particular form data at Server side inorder to perform Server side data validations, to
transfer data from Controller layer to model layer or Vie layer,.....

To prepare Form Bean components in Struts applications we have to use the following rules and
regulations.

1. Declare an user defined class, it must be extended from

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org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm .
2. Form Bean class must be public, it must not be abstract and final.
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3. In Form Bean class, we must declare properties with the same names of the form
properties.
4. In Form Bean class we must declare all properties as private and all bahaviours as public.
5. In FormBean class , we must provide a seperate set of setXXX() and getXXX() methods
for each and every property.
6. In FormBean class, if we want to provide any constructor then we can provide constructor
but that constructor must be public and 0-arg constructor.
7. In FormBean class, we can override equals(-) method and hashCode() method as per
the requirement.

EXAMPLE:

LoginActionForm.java

1. public class LoginActionForm extends org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm{

2. private String uname;
3. private String upwd;
4. public void setUname(String uname){
5. this.uname = uname;
6. }
7. public void setUpwd(String upwd){
8. this.upwd = upwd;
9. }
10. public String getUname(){
11. return uname;
12. }
13. public String getUpwd(){
14. return upwd;
15. }
16. }

5. Action Class or Controller Component:

In Struts based web applications, the main intention of Action class is to manage application logic
which we want to execute by getting request from client.

In Struts based web applications, to prepare Action class we have to use the following steps.

1. Declare an user defined class and it must be extended from org.apache.struts.action.Action

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class.
2. Action class must be public class and it must not be abstract class.
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3. In Action class we must override either of the following methods.

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public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest
reques, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception

public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mappinig, ActionForm form, ServletRequest

request, ServletResponse response)throws Exception.

Note:In execute() method we must return ActionForward object with a particular Forward key
inorder to identify target view page, for this, we have to use the following method from
ActionMapping.

public ActionForward findForward(String key)

EX: LoginAction.java

1. public class LoginAction extends org.apache.struts.action.Action{

2. public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequ
est request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{
3. ----Appl logic-----
4. String status = "success"/"failure";
5. return mapping.findForward(status);
6. }
7. }

6. Struts Configuration File:

struts-config.xml

 In Struts based web applications, the main intention of struts configuration file is to provide
mappings between user forms amd the respective ActionForm classes and Action classes
,...... which are required by the ActionServlet inorder to perform Server side actions.

 In Struts based web applications, the default name and location of configuration file is
"struts-config.xml" and "WEB-INF" location, but, it is possible to change this default name
and location but we must give that new name and location to the Struts Framework.

 In Struts based web applications, configuration file is able to provide the following
configurations.
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1. Datasource configurations.
2. Global Forwards configurations.
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3. Form Beans Configurations.

4. Action classes configurations.

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5. Message Resources configurations.
6. Controller configurations.
7. Plugin configurations
8. Global Exceptions configurations.

To prepare basic Struts based web applications we need to provide ActionForm class
configuration and action class configuration in struts connfiguration file.

1. <!DOCTYPE ---- >

2. <struts-config>
3. <form-beans>
4. <form-bean name="--" type="--"/>
5. ------
6. </form-beans>
7. <action-mappings>
8. <action path="/---" name="--" type="--">
9. <forward name="--" path="/---"/>
10. -----
11. </action>
12. ----
13. </action-mappings>
14. -----
15. </struts-config>

 Where <struts-config> is a root tag, it will include struts application configuration details.
 Where <form-beans> tag is able to include no of form beans configurations.
 Where <form-bean> tag is able to provide single form bean class configuration.
 Where "name" attribute in <form-bean> tag is able to provide logical name to Form Bean
component.
 Where "type" attribute in <form-bean> tag will take fully qualified name of the respective
form bean class.
 Where <action-mappings> tag is able to include no of actions configurations.
 Where <action> tag is able to provide mapping between user form, ActionForm class and
the respective Action class.
 Where "path" attribute in <action> tag is able to take url pattern which we specified in User
form.
 Where "name" attribute in <action> tag will take logical name of the form bean class which
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we specified in struts configuration file under form beans configurations.

 Where "type" attribute in <action> tag is able to take fully qualified name of the Action
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class.

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 Where <forward> tag is able to provide mapping between forward key which is returned
from execute() method in Action class and the target view page.
 Where "name" attribute in <forward> tag is able to take forward key.
 Where "path" attribute in <forward> tag is able to take the name and location of target view
page.

EX:

1. <!DOCTYPE ..... >

2. <struts-config>
3. <form-beans>
4. <form-
bean name="loginForm" type="com.durgasoft.beans.LoginActionForm"/>
5. </form-beans>
6. <action-mappings>
7. <action path="/login" name="loginForm" type="com.durgasoft.action.LoginAct
ion">
8. <forward name="success" path="/success.html"/>
9. <forward name="failure" path="/failure.html"/>
10. </action-mappings>
11. </struts-config>

Steps:

1. Download Struts JARs from internet.

2. Create Dynamic Project in Eclipse.
3. Copy all Struts related JARs in lib folder in dynamic web project.
4. Configure ActionServlet in web.xml file.
5. Prepare User forms
6. Prepare Form Bean class.
7. Create Action class.
8. Create Struts configuration file.
9. Run dynamic web application.

Example (struts Application)

loginform.html

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
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2. <html>
3. <head>
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4. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
5. <title>Insert title here</title>

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6. </head>
7. <body>
8. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>
9. <h3>User Login Form</h3>
10. <form method="POST" action="login.do">
11. <table>
12. <tr>
13. <td>User Name</td>
14. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
15. </tr>
16. <tr>
17. <td>Password</td>
18. <td><input type="password" name="upwd"/></td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td><input type="submit" value="Login"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. </table>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

success.html

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
5. <title>Insert title here</title>
6. </head>
7. <body>
8. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>
9. <h3>User Login Status</h3>
10. <font color="red" size="6">
11. <b>User Login Success</b>
12. </font>
13. <h5>
14. <a href="./loginform.html">|User Login Form|</a>
15. </h5>
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16. </body>
17. </html>
Page

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Failure.html

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
5. <title>Insert title here</title>
6. </head>
7. <body>
8. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>
9. <h3>User Login Status</h3>
10. <font color="red" size="6">
11. <b>User Login Failure</b>
12. </font>
13. <h5>
14. <a href="./loginform.html">|User Login Form|</a>
15. </h5>
16. </body>
17. </html>

LoginActionForm.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
4.
5. public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm {
6. private String uname;
7. private String upwd;
8.
9. public String getUname() {
10. return uname;
11. }
12. public void setUname(String uname) {
13. this.uname = uname;
14. }
15. public String getUpwd() {
16. return upwd;
17. }
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18. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {

19. this.upwd = upwd;
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20. }
21. }

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LoginAction.java

1. package com.durgasoft.action;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
7. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
8. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
9. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
10.
11. import com.durgasoft.beans.LoginActionForm;
12.
13. public class LoginAction extends Action {
14. @Override
15. public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRe
quest request,
16. HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
17. LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm)form;
18. String uname = laf.getUname();
19. String upwd = laf.getUpwd();
20. String status = "";
21. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
22. status = "success";
23. }else {
24. status = "failure";
25. }
26. return mapping.findForward(status) ;
27. }
28. }

struts-config.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

6. <form-beans>
7. <form-bean name="loginForm" type="com.durgasoft.beans.LoginActionForm"/>
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8. </form-beans>
9. <action-mappings>

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10. <action path="/login" name="loginForm" type="com.durgasoft.action.LoginAction">
11. <forward name="success" path="/success.html"/>
12. <forward name="failure" path="/failure.html"/>
13. </action>
14. </action-mappings>
15. </struts-config>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.c
om/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
3. <display-name>loginapp</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>loginform.html</welcome-file>
6. </welcome-file-list>
7. <servlet>
8. <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
9. <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
10. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
11. </servlet>
12. <servlet-mapping>
13. <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
14. <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
15. </servlet-mapping>
16. </web-app>

If we want to integrate Struts application with Spring Framework then we have to use the following
steps.

1. Prepare User Forms and View part.

2. Prepare ActionForm class.
3. Prepare Action class.
4. Prepare Business class.
5. Prepare Struts configuration File.
6. Prepare Spring Configuration File.
7. Prepare web.xml file.
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1. Prepare User Forms and View part:

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In Struts and Spring Integration applications, we have to prepare presentation part as per Struts
rules and regulations only.

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To prepare User Interface in Struts applications we will use either normal html tags or we will use
Struts provided tag library.

EX:

<form method="POST" action="login.do">

User Name<input type="text" name="uname"/><br>
Password<input type="password" name="upwd"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login"/>
</form>

success.jsp

<h1> User Login Success</h1>

failure.jsp

<h1> User Login Failure </h1>

2. Prepare ActionForm class.

In Struts based web applications, we have to prepare ActionForm class inorder to manage user
form data at Server side .

In Struts applications, to prepare ActionForm class we will use the following steps.
1. Declare an USer defined class.
2. Extend org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm class to user defined class.
3. Declare properties as per user form in ActionForm class and provide setXXX() and
getXXX() methods for each and every property.
EX:

public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm{

private String uname;
private String upwd;
setXXX() and getXXX()
}

3. Prepare Action class.

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In Struts based web applications, the main intention of Action class is to include business logic or
to provide Business Components provided business method calls.
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In Struts with Spring integration applications we will provide application business logic in Spring
Bean components and it must be accessed from Struts Action classes.

To prepare Action class in Struts with Spring integration applications we have to use the following
steps.

a) Declare an user defined class.

b) Extend org.springframework.web.struts.ActionSupport class to user defined class.
c) Provide application logic by overriding execute() method.
d) In execute() method get ApplicationContext object by accessing
getWebApplicationContext() method and get Spring Bean objcts by using getBean()
method.
e) Access Business methods which we provided in Spring bean objects.

Note: The main intention of org.springframework.web.struts.ActionSupport class is to provide

getWebApplicationContext() method inorder to get ApplicationContext object inorder to get Spring
provided Bean objects.

public ApplicationContext getWebApplicationcontext()

EX:

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest
request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm)form;
String uname = laf.getUname();
String upwd = laf.getUpwd();
ApplicationContext context = getWebApplicatinContext();
UserService us =(UserService)context.getBean(―userService‖);
String status = us.checkLogin(uname, upwd);
return mapping.findForward(status);
}
}

4. Prepare Business class:

In Struts with Spring Integration application, we will provide Business component as per Spring
rules and regulation.
671

EX:
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public class UserService{

String status = "";

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public String checkLogin(String uname, String upwd){
if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")){
status = "success";
}else{
status = "failure";
}
}

5. Prepare Struts configuration File:

In Struts with Spring Integration applications, we have to provide provide all Struts configurations
like FormBeans, Action classes,... and we must provide plug-in coinfiguration with the
"org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn" with the property "contextConfigLocation"
inorder to provide name and location of the Spring configuration.

<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="loginActionForm"
type="com.durgasoft.formbeans.LoginActionForm"/>
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<action path="/login" name="loginActionForm"
type="com.durgasoft.action.LoginAction">
<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/>
<forward name="failure" path="/failure.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
<plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
<set-property property="contextConfigLocation" value="/WEB-
INF/applicationContext.xml" />
</plug-in>
</struts-config>

6. Prepare Spring Configuration File.

In Struts with Spring Integration application we will prepare Spring configuration file with all the
beans configuration.

EX:
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<beans>
Page

<bean id="userService" class="com.durgasoft.service.UserService"/>

</beans>

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7. Prepare web.xml file.

In Struts with Spriong integration application , we will provide ActionServlet Configuration in

web.xml file as per Struts rules and regulations.

EX:

<web-app>
<display-name>struts_spring_app</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>loginform.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

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Example:

loginform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
11. <h3 style="color: blue;" align="center">User Login Page</h3>
12. <form method="POST" action="login.do">
13. <center>
14. <table>
15. <tr>
16. <td>User Name</td>
17. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
18. </tr>
19. <tr>
20. <td>Password</td>
21. <td><input type="password" name="upwd"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. <tr>
24. <td><input type="submit" value="Login"/></td>
25. </tr>
26. </table>
27. </center>
28. </form>
29. </body>
30. </html>

success.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

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2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
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//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

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4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <br><br>
11. <h1 style="color: red;" align="center">User Login Success</h1>
12. </body>
13. </html>

failure.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

LoginActionForm.java

1. package com.durgasoft.formbeans;
2.
3. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
4.
5. public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm {
6. private String uname;
7. private String upwd;
8.
9. public String getUname() {
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10. return uname;

11. }
Page

12. public void setUname(String uname) {

13. this.uname = uname;

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14. }
15. public String getUpwd() {
16. return upwd;
17. }
18. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
19. this.upwd = upwd;
20. }
21.
22.
23. }

LoginAction.java

1. package com.durgasoft.action;
2.
3. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5.
6. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
7. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
8. import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
9. import org.springframework.web.struts.ActionSupport;
10.
11. import com.durgasoft.formbeans.LoginActionForm;
12. import com.durgasoft.service.UserService;
13.
14. public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
15.
16.
17.
18. @Override
19. public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRe
quest request,
20. HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
21. LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm)form;
22. String uname = laf.getUname();
23. String upwd = laf.getUpwd();
24. UserService userService = (UserService) getWebApplicationContext().getBean("user
Service");
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25. String status = userService.checkLogin(uname, upwd);

26. return mapping.findForward(status);
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27. }
28. }

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UserService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. public class UserService {
4. String status = "";
5. public String checkLogin(String uname, String upwd) {
6. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
7. status = "success";
8. }else {
9. status = "failure";
10. }
11. return status;
12. }
13. }

struts-config.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
3. "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN"
4. "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">
5. <struts-config>
6. <form-beans>
7. <form-
bean name="loginActionForm" type="com.durgasoft.formbeans.LoginActionForm"/>
8. </form-beans>
9. <action-mappings>
10. <action path="/login" name="loginActionForm" type="com.durgasoft.action.LoginActio
n">
11. <forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/>
12. <forward name="failure" path="/failure.jsp"/>
13. </action>
14. </action-mappings>
15. <plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
16. <set-property property="contextConfigLocation" value="/WEB-
INF/applicationContext.xml" />
17. </plug-in>
18. </struts-config>
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applicationContext.xml
Page

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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2. <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
3. "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
4. <beans>
5. <bean id="userService" class="com.durgasoft.service.UserService"/>
6. </beans>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>struts_spring_app</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>loginform.jsp</welcome-file>
6. </welcome-file-list>
7. <servlet>
8. <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
9. <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
10. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
11. </servlet>
12. <servlet-mapping>
13. <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
14. <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
15. </servlet-mapping>
16. </web-app>

To run this application we have to use the following JARs.

o Struts1.3.10 Jars + Spring2.5 jars

antlr-2.7.2.jar
bsf-2.3.0.jar
commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar
commons-chain-1.2.jar
commons-digester-1.8.jar
commons-fileupload-1.1.1.jar
commons-io-1.1.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
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commons-validator-1.3.1.jar
jstl-1.0.2.jar
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oro-2.0.8.jar
spring-aop.jar

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spring-beans.jar
spring-context-support.jar
spring-context.jar
spring-core.jar
spring-jdbc.jar
spring-jms.jar
spring-orm.jar
spring-test.jar
spring-tx.jar
spring-web.jar
spring-webmvc-portlet.jar
spring-webmvc-struts.jar
spring-webmvc.jar
standard-1.0.6.jar
struts-core-1.3.10.jar
struts-el-1.3.10.jar
struts-extras-1.3.10.jar
struts-faces-1.3.10.jar
struts-mailreader-dao-1.3.10.jar
struts-scripting-1.3.10.jar
struts-taglib-1.3.10.jar
struts-tiles-1.3.10.jar
SPRING-JSF Integration:
JSF Introduction:

 JSF stands for Java Server Faces, it is MVC based web framework, it can be used to
prepare web applications in standard mode.
 JSF is MVC based web Framework, it has very good focus on Presentation layer in
enterprise bapplication development.
 JSF is initialially provided by JCP[Java Community Process], later on it was given to SUN
Microsystems.
 JSF is provided by SUN Microsystems in the form of the following versions.
1. JSF1.X
2. JSF2.X
3. JSf3.X
JSF Features:

 JSF is view layered Framework, it has very good focus on view layer in MVC based
679

applications.
 JSF is component based framework or Technology, it has very good compnent tag library
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to prepare web applications.

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 JSF is having very good GUI tag library to prepare web applications with very good look
and feel, JSF is providing very good environment to prepare our own custom tags inorder
to prepare our own components.
 JSF is having both client side user interface and Server side user interface, it able to
manage User interface at server side by preparing Component Tree at Server side.
 JSF is having Statefull GUI component, they are able to manage their state at Server
side.
 JSF is having very good Validations Support, it able to allow to define our own Custom
Validators.
 JSF is having very good Convertors support, it able to allow to define own convertors.
 JSF is having very good Internationalization support inorder prepare web applications
w.r.t the Local users
 JSF is having very good Renderring mechanisms to generate response in different
formats as per the requirements, it allows us to prepare our own renderring mechanisms.
 JSF is having very good Event-Notification model to implement Event Handling, it allows
our own custom Events in web applications.
 JSF is providing very good environment to use Third part vendors provided GUI
Components libraries like primefaces, richfaces, ICEFaces,....

JSF Components:

To prepare web applications by using JSF then we have to use the following JSF Components.
1. View / Presentation Part
2. Controller or FacesServlet
3. Managed Bean
4. Faces Configuration File
5. Deployment Descriptor or web.xml

1.View / Presentation Part:

The main intention of View part in web applications is,

1. To improve Look And Feel to the web applications.
2. To Get Starting point to the web applications inorder to access.
3. To get data from users inorder to submit to the Server side application.
4. To perform client side data validations by using Java script functions.
5. To submit different request types like GET, POST, HEAD,... from client.

In web application , to prepare view part, we will use the technologies like HTML, JSP, Velocity,
Freemarker,......
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There are two types of View part we are able to use in web applications.
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1. Information View
2. Form based View

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Where informational view is able to display information to the user, it will include any form.

EX: status.html, success.html, failure.html,....

Where form based view part is able to include user forms to get data from users and to submit
data to server side applications.

In JSF based web applications, to prepare View part we have to use JSF provided tag library.

To prepare View part , JSF has provided the following two types of tags.
1. Core Tags
2. Html Tags

Where core tag library includes the tags which are used for View representations, Conversions,
Validatins,....

EX:
<f:convertNUmber/>
<f:convertDateTime/>
<f:validateLength/>
<f:validateLongRange/>

Where Html tag library include the tags which are repersenting Html Components
EX:
<h:outputText/>
<h:inputText/>
<h:inputSecrete/>
<h:inputTextArea/>

In JSP based web applications, to prepare Usaer form we have to use the following steps.
1. Declare view part by using <f:view> tag.
2. Include Html header part and body part in <f:view> tag.
3. Prepare user form by using <h:form> tag.
4. Prepare Panelgrid by using <h:panelGrid> tag inorder to prepare layout for GUI
component.
5. Prepare html components by using the following html tags.

<h:outputText> ---> Label

<h:inputText> ----> Text Field.
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<h:inputSecret> --> Password field.

<h:commandButton/>--> Button.
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2. Controller or FacesServlet

In General, in web applications, the main intention of controller is,

1. Getting request from Client.
2. Identifying Mdel component.
3. Instatiating Model component and executing Business logic.
4. Identifying View part.
5. Forwarding request to View part.
In JSF Based web applications, FacesServlet is acting as controller, it was provided by JSF in the
form of a predefined class like "javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet".

In JSF based web applications, FacesServlet will get Request from client and it will process the
request by performing the following request processing lifecycle actions.
1. Restore View
2. Apply Request values.
3. Process Validations.
4. Update Model Values.
5. Invoke Application.
6. Render Response.

3. Managed Bean:

In MVC based applications, the main intention of Bean classes is,

1. To manage User form Data.
2. To implement Data validations.
3. To implement Application Business Logic,....

In JSF Based web applications, Java Bean class is called as Managed Bean class, it is acting as
model component.

IN JSF Based web application, To prepare Managed Beans, we have to use the following rules
and regulations.
1. Managed Bean class must be a POJO class, it must not be extended and implementd
any predefined library.
2. It will take all properties as per User forms.
3. It will include a seperate set of SetXXX() and getXXX() methods for each and every
property.
4. It will include buisness methods which are bounded with action attribute in
CommandButton in User forms.
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5. If we want to provide constructor in Managed Bean class then provid constructor, it must
be public and 0- arg.
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6. If we want to provide our own comparisions between managed Bean objets then we must
override equals() method

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7. If we want to generate Hashcode values to Managed Bean objects then we have to
override hashCode() method.

Example:

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class LoginBean {
4. private String uname;
5. private String upwd;
6.
7. public String getUname() {
8. return uname;
9. }
10. public void setUname(String uname) {
11. this.uname = uname;
12. }
13. public String getUpwd() {
14. return upwd;
15. }
16. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
17. this.upwd = upwd;
18. }
19.
20. public String checkLogin() {
21. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
22. return "success";
23. }else {
24. return "failure";
25. }
26. }
27. }

4.Faces Configuration File:

The main intention of Faces Configuration File in JSf is to provide the following configuration
details
1. Managed Beans configuration.
2. Navigations
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3. Validators
4. Convertors.
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In Simple JSF applications, we will provide managed beans configuration and navigations in
Faces Configuration File.

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To prepare Faces Configuration file we have to use the following XML tags.

1. <faces-config>
2. <managed-bean>
3. <managed-bean-name> --- </managed-bean-name>
4. <managed-bean-class> --- </managed-bean-class>
5. <managed-bean-scope> --- </managed-bean-scope>
6. </managed-bean>
7. <navigation-rule>
8. <from-view-id>----</from-view-id>
9. <navigation-case>
10. <from-outcome>----</from-outcome>
11. <to-view-id>----</to-view-id>
12. </navigation-case>
13. <navigation-case>
14. <from-outcome>----</from-outcome>
15. <to-view-id>-----</to-view-id>
16. </navigation-case>
17. </navigation-rule>
18. </faces-config>

 Where <faces-config> is root tag, it will include JSF configuration details.

 Where <managed-bean> tag is able to single Managed Bean class configuration.
 Where <managed-bean-name> is able to take bean logical name of the managed bean
class.
 Where <managed-bean-class> will take fully qualified name of the Managed bean class.
 Where <managed-bean-scope> will take a particular scope to keep managed bean
object.
 Where <navigation-rule> tag will take the total navigation model of a particular bean.
 Where <from-view-id> tag will take the name and location of the JSP page from which we
are getting request.
 Where <navigation-case> is providing single forward configuration.
 Where <from-out-come> tag will take the return value from Business method from
Managed Bean class.
 Where <ti-view-id> will take the name and location of the target page to which we want to
forward request.

EX:
684

1. <faces-config>
Page

2. <managed-bean>
3. <managed-bean-name>loginBean</managed-bean-name>

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4. <managed-bean-class>com.durgasoft.beans.LoginBean</managed-bean-class>
5. <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
6. </managed-bean>
7. <navigation-rule>
8. <from-view-id>/loginform.jsp</from-view-id>
9. <navigation-case>
10. <from-outcome>success</from-outcome>
11. <to-view-id>/success.jsp</to-view-id>
12. </navigation-case>
13. <navigation-case>
14. <from-outcome>failure</from-outcome>
15. <to-view-id>/failure.jsp</to-view-id>
16. </navigation-case>
17. </navigation-rule>
18. </faces-config>

5.Deployment Descriptor or web.xml

In general, in web applications, deployement descriptor is web.xml file, it able to provide the
following configuration details.
1. Welcome Files configuration.
2. Display Names Configuration.
3. Servlets Configuration.
4. Filters configuration.
5. Listeers Configurations.
6. Initialization parameters configuration.
7. Context Parameters Configurations.

In JSF based web applications, we have to provide FacesServlet configuration with load-on-
startup configuration and we must provide url pattern for FacesServlet i either of the following
forms.
/faces/*
*.jsf
*.faces

Example:

1. web-app>
2. <servlet>
685

3. <servlet-name>facesServlet</servlet-name>
4. <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
Page

5. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
6. </servlet>

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7. <servlet-mapping>
8. <servlet-name>facesServlet</servlet-name>
9. <url-pattern>*.dss</url-pattern>
10. </servlet-mapping>
11. </web-app>

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

loginform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

2. pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
3. <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core" prefix="f" %>
4. <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html" prefix="h"%>
5. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-
//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
6. <f:view >
7. <html>
8. <body>
9. <h2 style="color: red;" align="center">Durga Software Solutions</h2>
10. <h3 style="color: blue" align="center">User Login Page</h3>
11. <h:form>
12. <center>
13. <h:panelGrid columns="2" >
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14. <h:outputText value="User Name"/>

15. <h:inputText id="uname" value="#{loginBean.uname}"/>
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16.
17. <h:outputText value="Password"/>

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18. <h:inputSecret id="upwd" value="#{loginBean.upwd}"/>
19.
20. <h:commandButton value="Login" action="#{loginBean.checkLogin}"/>
21. </h:panelGrid>
22. </center>
23. </h:form>
24. </body>
25. </html>
26. </f:view>

success.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

failure.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

10. <br><br>
11. <h1 style="color: red;" align="center">Login Failure</h1>
Page

12. </body>
13. </html>

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LoginBean.java

faces-config.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

7. version="1.2">
8. <managed-bean>
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9. <managed-bean-name>loginBean</managed-bean-name>
10. <managed-bean-class>com.durgasoft.beans.LoginBean</managed-bean-class>

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11. <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
12. </managed-bean>
13. <navigation-rule>
14. <from-view-id>/loginform.jsp</from-view-id>
15. <navigation-case>
16. <from-outcome>success</from-outcome>
17. <to-view-id>/success.jsp</to-view-id>
18. </navigation-case>
19. <navigation-case>
20. <from-outcome>failure</from-outcome>
21. <to-view-id>/failure.jsp</to-view-id>
22. </navigation-case>
23. </navigation-rule>
24. </faces-config>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

If we want to integrate JSF with Spring Framework then we have to use the following steps.
1. Prepare Presentation part as per JSF Conventions.
2. Prepare Spring Beans and spring configuration file as per Spring Conventions
3. Add Dependent Spring Service Bean to Managed Bean of JSF in faces-config.xml

EX:
689

1. <faces-config>
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2. ------
3. <managed-bean>

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4. <managed-bean-name>loginBean</managed-bean-name>
5. <managed-bean-class>com.durgasoft.beans.LoginBean</managed-bean-class>
6. <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
7. <managed-property>
8. <property-name>userService</property-name>
9. <value>#{userService}</value>
10. </managed-property>
11. </managed-bean>
12. --------
13. </faces-config>

Note: The main intention providing Spring Service Bean in faces-config.xml file is to inject Service
bean in Jsf Managed Bean inorder to access Business methods.

4. Provide "SpringBeanFacesELResolver" configuration in faces-config.xml

1. <faces-config>
2. -----
3. <application>
4. <el-resolver>
5. org.springframework.web.jsf.el.SpringBeanFacesELResolver
6. </el-resolver>
7. </application>
8. </faces-config>

Note: SpringBeanFacesResolver first delegates value lookups to the default resolver of the JSF
and then to Spring's WebApplicationContext. This allows to inject springbased dependencies into
JSF-managed beans.
5. Provide ContextLoaderListener and RequestContextListener in web.xml file
EX:
web.xml

1. <web-app>
2. -------
3. <listener>
4. <listener-class>
5. org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
6. </listener-class>
7. </listener>
690

8.
9. <listener>
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10. <listener-class>
11. org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener

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12. </listener-class>
13. </listener>
14. ------
15. </web-app>

Note: These Listeners are used to load the complete Spring context at the time of Startup the
Server.

Example:

index.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

loginform.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

12. <center>
13. <h:panelGrid columns="2" >
Page

14. <h:outputText value="User Name"/>

15. <h:inputText id="uname" value="#{loginBean.uname}"/>

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16.
17. <h:outputText value="Password"/>
18. <h:inputSecret id="upwd" value="#{loginBean.upwd}"/>
19.
20. <h:commandButton value="Login" action="#{loginBean.login}"/>
21. </h:panelGrid>
22. </center>
23. </h:form>
24. </body>
25. </html>
26. </f:view>

success.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

failure.jsp

1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

8. </head>
9. <body>
Page

10. <br><br>
11. <h1 style="color: red;" align="center">Login Failure</h1>

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12. </body>
13. </html>

LoginBean.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. import com.durgasoft.service.UserService;
4.
5. public class LoginBean {
6. private String uname;
7. private String upwd;
8. private UserService userService;
9.
10. public String getUname() {
11. return uname;
12. }
13. public void setUname(String uname) {
14. this.uname = uname;
15. }
16. public String getUpwd() {
17. return upwd;
18. }
19. public void setUpwd(String upwd) {
20. this.upwd = upwd;
21. }
22.
23. public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
24. this.userService = userService;
25. }
26. public UserService getUserService() {
27. return userService;
28. }
29.
30. public String login() {
31. return userService.checkLogin(uname, upwd);
32. }
33. }
693

UserService.java
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1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.

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3. public class UserService {
4. String status = "";
5. public String checkLogin(String uname, String upwd) {
6. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
7. status = "success";
8. }else {
9. status = "failure";
10. }
11. return status;
12. }
13. }

applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

faces-config.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2.
3. <faces-config
4. xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
5. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javae
e/web-facesconfig_1_2.xsd"
7. version="1.2">
8. <application>
9. <el-resolver>
10. org.springframework.web.jsf.el.SpringBeanFacesELResolver
11. </el-resolver>
12. </application>
13. <managed-bean>
694

14. <managed-bean-name>loginBean</managed-bean-name>
15. <managed-bean-class>com.durgasoft.beans.LoginBean</managed-bean-class>
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16. <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
17. <managed-property>

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18. <property-name>userService</property-name>
19. <value>#{userService}</value>
20. </managed-property>
21. </managed-bean>
22. <navigation-rule>
23. <from-view-id>/loginform.jsp</from-view-id>
24. <navigation-case>
25. <from-outcome>success</from-outcome>
26. <to-view-id>/success.jsp</to-view-id>
27. </navigation-case>
28. <navigation-case>
29. <from-outcome>failure</from-outcome>
30. <to-view-id>/failure.jsp</to-view-id>
31. </navigation-case>
32. </navigation-rule>
33. </faces-config>

web.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.
org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
3. <display-name>jsf_spring_app</display-name>
4.
5. <servlet>
6. <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
7. <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
8. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
9. </servlet>
10. <servlet-mapping>
11. <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
12. <url-pattern>*.dss</url-pattern>
13. </servlet-mapping>
14. <context-param>
15. <param-name>javax.faces.PROJECT_STAGE</param-name>
16. <param-value>Development</param-value>
17. </context-param>
695

18.
19. 
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20. <listener>
21. <listener-class>

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22. org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
23. </listener-class>
24. </listener>
25.
26. <listener>
27. <listener-class>
28. org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener
29. </listener-class>
30. </listener>
31. </web-app>

To run above web applications we have to use the following jars

1. Jsfjars
2. Springjars
3. Commons-Logging-version.jar

SF Jars:
jsf1.2\jsf-api.jar
jsf-impl.jar
taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar
taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar

Spring JARs:
spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar
commons-logiin-1.2.jar

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MAVEN
COURSE MATERIAL
BY
NAGOOR BABU

697
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698
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Index
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………….Page 700
2. Project Object Model……………………………………………………….Page 701
3. Archetypes in MAVEN………………………………………….…………..Page 713
4. Steps to prepare MAVEN Project in Eclipse……………………………..Page 716
5. Web Application in Maven………………………………………………….Page 728
6. Spring Core Module Application in MAVEN………………...……………Page 736

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MAVEN
Introduction

 Maven is a "Yiddish"[German language] word meaning "Accumulator Of Knowledge".

 Maven was originally designed to simplify building processes in Jakarta Turbine project.
There were several projects and each project contained slightly different ANT build files.
JARs were checked into CVS.
 Apache group then developed Maven which can build multiple projects together, publish
projects information, deploy projects, share JARs across several projects and help in
collaboration of teams
 MAVEN is a "Project Management Framework", it is much more than a simple Build tool, its
declarative and standard approach simplifies many aspects of the Project Lifecycle.
The main Objective of MAVEN is
 A comprehensive model for projects, which is reusable, maintainable, and easier to
comprehend [Understand].
 Plugins or tools that interact with this declarative model.

MAVEN follows "Convention over Configuration" Principle, which means that developers are not
required to create build process themselves, Developers do not have to mention each and
every configuration detail. Maven provides sensible default behavior for projects.

MAVEN does the following activities of the project lifecycle automatically.

 Provides default Project Structer
 Download Required Dependencies [Jars files]
 Compiles Source code
 Packaging projects as .jar, .war, .ear,....
 Starts Server
 Deploying Projects into Servers.
 Perform Unit Testing
 Preparing Test Reports.
 Preparing Documentations
 Undeploy applications from Servers
 Stops Server.
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Project Object Model [pom.xml file]

i. POM Stands for Project Object Model.
ii. POM is the fundamental unit in Maven.
iii. POM is an XML file that contains information about the project and configuration details
used by Maven to build the project.
iv. POM contains default values for projects ike build directory, which is target; the source
directory, which is src/main/java; the test source directory, which is src/test/java; and so
on.
v. In MAVEN1 , name of pom file is "project.xml", in MAVEN2 it was renamed to pom.xml.
vi. When we execute MAVEN project then MAVEN will look for the project configurations in
pom.xml file and gets the needed things and executes the project.

In Building MAVEN Projects, pom.xml file contains the following configurations.

1. Project Description
2. Repository
3. Dependency Management
4. Project Inheritance
5. Build Configuration
6. Build Profiles
1) Project Description:
701

In pom file, initial we will identify "Projection Description", it contains Project name, version
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number, packaged type,.....

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To specify the above details, we need to use the following XML tags.

1. <project ..... >

2. 
3. <modelVersion> --- </modelVersion>
4. <groupid> --- </groupid>
5. <artifactid> -- </artifactid>
6. <version> -- </version>
7. -----
8. -----
9. </project>

 Where "<project>" tag is root tag in pom.xml file

 Where "<modelVersion>" tag declared which version of the MAVEN we are
using.<modelVersion> tag will take 4.0.0 to support for MAVEN2.x/3.x versions.
 Where "<groupid>" tag will take an unique ID for an organization, or a project.Normally we
use a group ID similar to the root Java package name of the project.
 Where "<artifactid>" tag will take name of the project.The artifact ID is used as name for a
sub directory under the group ID directory in the Maven repository and as part of the
name of the JAR file produced when building the project.The build result, a JAR, WAR
or EAR file, is called an artifact in Maven.
 Where "<versin>" tag will take Project version number.
 Where "<packaging>" tag will take different packaging formats inorder to delivery the
project like jar, war, ear,...
EX:

1. <project ..... >

2. 
3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4. <groupid>com.durgasoft.banking</groupid>
5. <artifactid>icici.accounts</artifactid>
6. <version>1.0</version>
7. <name>Account Application</name>
8. <description> Application for Accounts module in icici Bank project </description>
9. -----
10. </project>

2) Repository:
702

If we use Dependencies in MAVEN Project then MAVEN will search for the dependent JARs in
Repositories.
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MAVEN will use three types of Repositories in order to get dependencies.

1. Local Repository:

It is a location to manage and supply all dependencies, it will be created by MAVEN when we
execute any MAVEN command first time.

In general, MAVEN will create Local Repository at "C:/Users/User_Name/.m2/repository"

EX: C:\Users\LENOVO\.m2\repository

2. Central Repository:

It is a default Repository for MAVEN, it is located at "http://repo1.maven.org/maven2".

IN MAVEN applications, we will use some other repositories are also explicitly like.
1. http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public
2. http://mvnrepository.com

In MAVEN applications, if we want to use the above explict repositories then we have to configure
them in pom file by using the following xml tags.

1. <repositories>
2. <repository>
3. <id>jboss</id>
4. <name>jboss repo</name>
5. <url>http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
6. </repository>
7. </repositories>

3. Remote Repository:

In some Situations, Maven does not find the dependencies in Local Repository and in central
repository, in this context, MAVEN stops the build process and generates some Exceptions. To
overcome this problems, Maven has provided a new Features like "Remote Repository".

Remote Repository is a developer's own custom repository containing required libraries or other
project jars.

To configure Remote Repository, we have to use the following XML tags in pom.xml file.
703

1. <repositories>
2. <repository>
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3. <id>durgasoft.lib</id>
4. <url>http://library.durgasoft.com/maven2/lib</url>

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5. </repository>
6. </repositories>

When we run MAVEN project then MAVEN will search for the dependencies in the following order.

1) First, MAVEN will search for the dependencies in local repository, if the required
dependencies are available at Local Repository the MAVEN will use them in application. If
the dependencies are not available at Local Repository then MAVEN search for them at
Central Repository.

2) If the required Dependencies are existed in central repository then MAVEN will load them
into Local Repository and MAVEN will use them in the applications. If the required
dependencies are not existed in Central Repository then MAVEN will search for them in
Remote Repositories as per configuration.

3) If Remote Repository is not configured then MAVEN will stop the application execution and
generated some Exceptions.

4) If Remote Repository is configured then MAVEN will search for the required dependencies
in Remote Repository, if they are identified then MAVEN will load them into Local
Repository for futur reference. If the dependencies are not existed at Remote Repositories
then MAVEN will stop the execution and generate some Exceptions.

704

3) Dependency Management:
In Applications, Dependencies are the libraries[Collection of JARs] which are required to compile,
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test and run our applications.

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In General, in application development, we will download the required libraries from internet and
we will store them in application directory structer.

The main Advantage of MAVEN in applications development is that not to store any Dependent
JAR files in Project Directory Structer by downloading them explicitly, MAVEN has given flexibility
to the developers like to specify dependent JAR files names in pom file, where MAVEN will search
for them in the repositories and MAVEN will load them into the project directory structer
automatically.

If we need any Library in MAVEN based applications then we have to declare them in pom file like
below.

1. <dependencies>
2. <dependency>
3. <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
4. <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
5. <version>3.5.6-Final</version>
6. <scope>provided</scope>
7. </dependency>
8. </dependencies>

If we provide the dependency like above then MAVEN will search for the hibernate library with the
name like
http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hibernate/hibernate-core/3.5.6-Final/

MAVEN is following "Transitive Dependencies Mechanism", that is, if our dependencies are
required any other libraries then MAVEN will get them automatically without loading them explicitly
by the developers.

Dependency Scopes:

In Applications, some dependencies are required to all phases of the project lifecycle like compile,
test, run,... and some other required only some of phases of the project lifecycle.

In order to limit the dependencies for the lifecycle phases we will use Dependency Scopes.

There are 6 scopes available in MAVEN

1. Compile
705

2. Provided
3. Runtime
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4. Test
5. System

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6. Import

1. Compile:

It is the default scope in MAVEN . This scope will make the dependencies to avail all phases like
compile, test, run,....

EX:
<dependency>

1. <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
2. <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
3. <version>3.5.6-Final</version>
4. <scope>compile</scope>
5. </dependency>

Note: In general, hibernate-core library is required for all phases of the application.

2. Provided:

This scope will make the dependency libraries to avail upto compilation and and upto testinbg, not
for runtime, because, at runtime, JDKs or Containers will provide the required dependencies at
runtime.

EX:

In web applications, Servlet API is required expliclty to compile and test the project, but, Servlet
API is provided by the container at runtime automatically, so that, they are not required to be
exported at runtime.

1. <dependency>
2. <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
3. <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
4. <version>3.0.1</version>
5. <scope>provided</scope>
6. </dependency>

3. Runtime:
This scope indicates that the dependency is not required for compilation, but is for execution. It is
706

in the runtime and test class paths, but not the compile class path.
EX:
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1. <dependency>

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2. <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
3. <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
4. <version>1.4.4</version>
5. <scope>runtime</scope>
6. </dependency>

4. Test:

This scope indicates that the dependency is not required for normal use of the application, and is
only available for the test compilation and execution phases. This scope is not transitive.

EX:

1. <dependency>
2. <groupId>junit</groupId>
3. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
4. <version>4.12</version>
5. <scope>test</scope>
6. </dependency>

5. System:
Dependencies with system are similar to ones with scope provided. The only difference is system
dependencies are not retrieved from remote repository. They are present under project‘s
subdirectory and are referred from there.

EX:

1. <dependency>
2. <groupId>Explicit_Dependency</groupId>
3. <artifactId>Explicit_Dependency</artifactId>
4. <scope>system</scope>
5. <version>1.0</version>
6. <systemPath>apps\app.war\WEB-INF\lib\Explicit_Dependency.jar</systemPath>
7. </dependency>

6. Import:
It is available in Maven 2.0.9 or later.
Import scope is only supported on a dependency of type pom in the dependencyManagement
section. It indicates the dependency to be replaced with the effective list of dependencies in the
707

specified POM‘s dependencyManagement section.

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EX:

1. <dependencyManagement>
2. <dependencies>
3. <dependency>
4. <groupId>other.pom.group.id</groupId>
5. <artifactId>other-pom-artifact-id</artifactId>
6. <version>SNAPSHOT</version>
7. <scope>import</scope>
8. <type>pom</type>
9. </dependency>
10. </dependencies>
11. </dependencyManagement>

4) Project Inheritance:

In MAVEN based applications, it is possible to inherit configurations from one pom file to another
pom file inorder to avoid configurations redundency.

To declare parent pom , we have to use "pom" as value to <packaging> tag in parent pom file.

EX:

1. <project ... >

2. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
3. <groupId>com.durgasdoft</groupId>
4. <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
5. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
6. <packaging>pom</packaging>
7. ---
8. </project>

If we want to inherit parent pom configuration details into a particular chaild pom then we have to
configure parent pom in chaild pom.
EX:

1. <project ..... >

2. -----
3. <parent>
708

4. <groupId>com.durgasoft</groupId>
5. <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
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6. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

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7. </parent>
8. ------
9. </project>

Note: In JAVA, java.lang.Object class is common and default super class for every java class
inorder to provide 11 common and default methods to each and every java class, similarily , there
is a common and default super pom file is existed in maven inorder to provide all common
configurations and settings to the chaild pom file.

In general, parent pom contains the following configurations

1. Common data – Developers‘ names, SCM address, distribution management etc.

2. Constants – Such as version numbers
3. Common dependencies – Common to all child. It has same effect as writing them several
times in individual pom files.
4. Properties – For example plugins, declarations, executions and IDs.
5. Configurations
6. Resources

Note: By default, Maven looks for the parent POM first at project‘s root, then the local repository,
and lastly in the remote repository. If parent POM file is not located in any other place, then you
can use code tag. This relative path shall be relative to project root.

EX:

1. <parent>
2. <groupId>com.durgasoft</groupId>
3. <artifactId>MavenExamples</artifactId>
4. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
5. <relativePath>../baseapp/pom.xml</relativePath>
6. </parent>

Note: If we want to get super pom from MAVEN then use the following command on command
prompt from the project root location which contains project specific pom file.

mvn help:effective-pom

Note: Where effective-pm is super pom configurations and project configurations.

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5) Build Configuration:
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In MAVEN , Build Configuration is mainly for plugin configurations, resources
configurations,.....which are required in MAVEN Project.
MAVEN is simply the collection of plugins, where plugins are used to perform the actions like
creating jar files, creating war files, compile Source code, executing unit test code, create project
documentation, ......
MAVEN is having "Plugin Execution Framework" at its heart inorder to execute all plugins.

In MAVEN , there are two types of Plugins.

1. Build Plugins
2. Reporting Plugins

1.Build Plugins: These plugins are executed during the build and they should be configured in
the <build/> element from the POM.

1.Clean : It is used when you want to remove files generated at build-time in a

project's directory.
2.Compiler: Compiles Java source code.
3.Deploy: It can be used to store artifacts in remote repository while deploying the
applications in order to share to other projects .
4.Install: It can be used to install artifacts into local repository.
5.Resources: It will include all the project resources in output directory while creating
JAR files.
6.Ear: create ear file from the current project.
7.jar: creates jar file from the current project.
8.war: creates war file from the current project.
9.rar: creates rar file from the current project.

2. Reporting plugins: These plugins are executed during the site generation and they should be
configured in the <reporting/> element from the POM.

EX:
1.changelog: Generate a list of recent changes from your SCM[Software Configuration
Management].
2.changes: Generate a report from an issue tracker or a change document.
3.javadoc: Generate Javadoc for the project.
4.project-info-resports: Generate standard project reports.
5.surfire-report: Generate a report based on the results of unit tests.
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IN general, we will use MAVEN compiler plugin inorder to perform Compilation, for this we have to
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use the following xml tags in pom.xml file.

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1. <project ---- >
2. <build>
3. <plugins>
4. <plugin>
5. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
6. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
7. <configuration>
8. <source>1.8</source>
9. <target>1.8</target>
10. </configuration>
11. </plugin>
12. </plugins>
13. </build>
14. </project>

By default, all files placed in "src\main\config" are packaged into the generated project artifact and
any file which we placed in "src\test\resources" are available in project classpath during unit tests.

If we want to provide our own customized resources location in project then we have to configure
them in pom.xml file under <build> tag like below.

1. <build>
2. ----
3. <resources>
4. <resource>
5. <directory>src/main/config</directory</directory>
6. </resource>
7. <resource>
8. <directory>src/main/resources</directory</directory>
9. </resource>
10. ----
11. </resources>
12. ----
13. </build>

6) Build Profiles:

IN general, profiles are used to customize the build lifecycle for different environments like
development, testing, production,.....
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Example:
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1. <profiles>

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2. <profile>
3. <id>development</id>
4. <activation>
5. <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
6. </activation>
7. <properties>
8. <jdbc.connection.url>jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe</jdbc.connection.url>
9. </properties>
10. </profile>
11. <profile>
12. <id>test</id>
13. <properties>
14. <jdbc.connection.url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/durgadb</jdbc.connection.url>
15. </properties>
16. </profile>
17. </profiles>

Where each and every profile has its own id, it can be used to access the respective environment
or profile.

In src/main/resources/db.properties
jdbc.connection.url = ${jdbc.connection.url}
If we provide the above setups like above then at compilation time, the respective jdbc URL will be
injected to the "jdbc.connection.url" property depending on the target environment.

Use the following command on command prompt inorder to compile the project.
C:/apps>mvn compile
Here "jdbc.connection.profile" property will take "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe" value.

C:/apps>mvn compile -Ptest

Here "jdbc.connection.profile" property will take "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/durgadb" value.
jdbc.connection.url = ${jdbc.connection.url}

If we provide the above setups like above then at compilation time, the respective jdbc URL will be
injected to the "jdbc.connection.url" property depending on the target environment.

Use the following command on command prompt inorder to compile the project.
C:/apps>mvn compile
Here "jdbc.connection.profile" property will take "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe" value.
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C:/apps>mvn compile -Ptest

Here "jdbc.connection.profile" property will take "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/durgadb" value.
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Archetypes in MAVEN
MAVEN is providing Standard directory structers to prepare projects depending on the
ARCHETYPE selection.

To create sample MAVEN standalone application directory structer we will use the following
command on command prompt .

C:\mvnapps>mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.durgasoft -DartifactId=sampleapp

-Dpackagename=com.durgasoft.bankapp

Steps to Create First Project in MAVEN In Standalone:

Install MAVEN Software.

Create MAVEN Project
Write Java Code
Compile Java Code
Execute Java Application

1. Install MAVEN Software:

Installation Process:

1. download apache-maven-3.5.4.zip file from internet[https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi]

2. Unzip apache-maven-3.5.4.zip file under C drive and we will get apache-maven-3.5.4 folder.
3. Set the following Environment Variables in System.
a) JAVA_HOME: C:/Java/jdk1.8.0;
b) path: C:/Java/jdk1.8.0/bin;C:\apache-maven-3.5.4\bin;
c) M2_HOME: C:/apache-maven-3.5.4
d) MAVEN_HOME: C:/apache-maven-3.5.4 [Optional]
4. Test MAVEN Installation:
Open Command prompt and use the following command.
C:\apache-maven-3.5.4\bin>mvn --version
Apache Maven 3.5.4 (1edded0938998edf8bf061f1ceb3cfdeccf443fe; 2018-06-
18T00:03:14+05:30)
Maven home: C:\apache-maven-3.5.4\bin\..
Java version: 1.8.0, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: C:\Java\jdk1.8.0\jre
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Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: Cp1252

OS name: "windows 8.1", version: "6.3", arch: "x86", family: "windows"
2. Create MAVEN Project:
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a) Create a seperate folder for MAVEN applications

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E:/mvn_projects
b) Use the following command on Command prompt.
E:/mvn_projects>mvn archetype:generate
c) Provide archetype Number: 1202[ for maven-archetype-quickstart application]
d) Provide archetype version number : 7
e) Provide "groupId" value: com.durgasoft
f) Provide "archetype" value : sampleapp
g) Provide "version" number : 1.0 or 1.0-SNAPSHOT
h) Provide "package" name : com.durgasoft
i) Provide "Y" to confirm all the above details

If we do the above steps then MAVEN will create quick start project with the following directories
and files.

E:/mvn_projects

Sampleapp

3. Write Java Code:

App.java

1. package com.durgasoft;
2.
3. /**
4. * Hello world!
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5. *
6. */
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7. public class App

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8. {
9. public static void main( String[] args )
10. {
11. System.out.println( "Welcome to Durgasoft" );
12. }
13. }

AppTest.java

1. package com.durgasoft;
2.
3. import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
4.
5. import org.junit.Test;
6.
7. /**
8. * Unit test for simple App.
9. */
10. public class AppTest
11. {
12. /**
13. * Rigorous Test :-)
14. */
15. @Test
16. public void shouldAnswerWithTrue()
17. {
18. System.out.println("Welcome To Durgasoft");
19. assertTrue( true );
20. }
21. }

4. Compile Java Code:

To Compile JAVA code, first, goto application folder then use the following command on
command prompt.

E:\mvn_projects\sampleapp>mvn compile

If we use the above command then MAVEN will compile JAVA files and generates the .class files
715

by creating "target" folder under "application folder".

5. Execute MAVEN Project:
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IN Two ways we are able to execute MAVEN Project.

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1. Execute Test case directly
2. Execute Main App by creating project.
3.
1) Execute Test case directly:

E:\mvn_projects\sampleapp>mvn test

2)Execute Mian App by creating project.

a) Create jar file for the project:

E:\mvn_projects\sampleapp>mvn package
b) Set classpath environment variable to the generated jar file:
E:\mvn_projects\sampleapp>set classpath=E:\mvn_projects\sampleapp\target\sampleapp-
1.0.jar;
Execute Main Class:
E:\mvn_projects\sampleapp>java com.durgasoft.App
c) Welcome to Durgasoft

Steps to prepare MAVEN Project in Eclipse

1. Create Maven Project in Eclipse:

2. Provide the required configurations in pom.xml
3. Write Application Logic in AppTest.java file
4. Run Maven Project:

1. Create Maven Project in Eclipse:

1) Open Eclipse IDE

2) Right Click on "Project Explorer"
3) Select "New"
4) Select "Others"
5) Search for "Maven".
6) Select for "Maven Project".
7) Click on "Next" button.
8) Click on "Next" button.
9) Provide the following details.
a) groupId: com.durgasoft
b) artifactId: sampleapp
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c) version: 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
d) package: com.durgasoft
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10) Click on "Finish" Button.

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2. Provide the required configurations in pom.xml

1. Open pom.xml file File and provide java8 plugin configuration.

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/

XMLSchema-instance"
2. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/m
aven-4.0.0.xsd">
3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4.
5. <groupId>com.durgasoft</groupId>
6. <artifactId>helloapp</artifactId>
7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
9.
10. <name>helloapp</name>
11. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
12.
13. <properties>
14. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
15. </properties>
16.
17. <dependencies>
18. <dependency>
19. <groupId>junit</groupId>
20. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
21. <version>3.8.1</version>
22. <scope>test</scope>
23. </dependency>
24. </dependencies>
25. <build>
26. <plugins>
27. <plugin>
28. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
29. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
30. <version>3.7.0</version>
31. <configuration>
32. <source>1.8</source>
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33. <target>1.8</target>
34. </configuration>
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35. </plugin>

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36. </plugins>
37. </build>
38. </project>

2. Save pom.xml file and see "Markers" for errors.

3. Right Click on :Project"
4. Select "Maven" .
5. Select "Update Project".
6. Click on "OK" button.

3.Write Application Logic in AppTest.java file

src/test/java/AppTest.java

1. package com.durgasoft;
2. import junit.framework.Test;
3. import junit.framework.TestCase;
4. import junit.framework.TestSuite;
5. public class AppTest extends TestCase
6. {
7. public AppTest( String testName )
8. {
9. super( testName );
10. }
11. public static Test suite()
12. {
13. return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
14. }
15. public void testApp()
16. {
17. System.out.println("Hello Maven!");
18. assertTrue( true );
19. }
20. }

Save the above program

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4. Run Maven Project:

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 Right Click on Project[Sampleapp].

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 Select "Run As".
 Select "Maven Test" and see the Result in Console.

To prepare JDBC Application with MAVEN then we have to use the following steps with all the
above steps.

1. Install ojdbc6.jar file in Local Repository.

2. Provide ojdbc6.jar file dependency in pom.xml

1. Install ojdbc6.jar file in Local Repository.

a. Keep ojdbc6.jar file in our working directory location.

E:/Mvn_Projects/ ojdbc6.jar

b. use "mvn install:install-file" command on command prompt to install jar file.

E:/Mvn_Projects> mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=oracle -DartifactId=oracle-jdbc

-Dpackaging=jar -Dversion=11.2.0-XE -DgeneratePom=true -Dfile=ojdbc6.jar

2. Provide ojdbc6.jar file dependency in pom.xml

1. <dependencies>
2. <dependency>
3. <groupId>oracle</groupId>
4. <artifactId>oracle-jdbc</artifactId>
5. <version>11.2.0-XE</version>
6. <scope>runtime</scope>
7. </dependency>
8. </dependencies>

EX:

│ └───test
│ └───java
│ └───com
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│ └───durgasoft

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| |---AppTest.java
|---pom.xml

pom.xml

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/

XMLSchema-instance"
2. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/m
aven-4.0.0.xsd">
3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4.
5. <groupId>com.durgasoft</groupId>
6. <artifactId>helloapp</artifactId>
7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
9.
10. <name>helloapp</name>
11. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
12.
13. <properties>
14. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
15. </properties>
16.
17. <dependencies>
18. <dependency>
19. <groupId>junit</groupId>
20. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
21. <version>3.8.1</version>
22. <scope>test</scope>
23. </dependency>
24. <dependency>
25. <groupId>oracle</groupId>
26. <artifactId>oracle-jdbc</artifactId>
27. <version>11.2.0-XE</version>
28. <scope>runtime</scope>
29. </dependency>
30. </dependencies>
31. <build>
32. <plugins>
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33. <plugin>
34. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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35. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
36. <version>3.7.0</version>

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37. <configuration>
38. <source>1.8</source>
39. <target>1.8</target>
40. </configuration>
41. </plugin>
42. </plugins>
43. </build>
44. </project>

JdbcApp.java

1. package com.durgasoft;
2.
3. import java.sql.Connection;
4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
5. import java.sql.ResultSet;
6. import java.sql.Statement;
7.
8. public class JdbcApp {
9. Connection con;
10. Statement st;
11. ResultSet rs;
12. public JdbcApp() {
13. try {
14. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
15. con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "system
", "durga");
16. st = con.createStatement();
17. } catch (Exception e) {
18. e.printStackTrace();
19. }
20. }
21. public void displayEmpDetails() {
22. try {
23. rs = st.executeQuery("select * from emp1");
24. System.out.println("ENO\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
25. System.out.println("------------------------------");
26. while(rs.next()) {
27. System.out.print(rs.getInt(1)+"\t");
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28. System.out.print(rs.getString(2)+"\t");
29. System.out.print(rs.getFloat(3)+"\t");
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30. System.out.println(rs.getString(4));
31. }

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32. } catch (Exception e) {
33. e.printStackTrace();
34. }
35. }
36. }

AppTest.java

1. package com.durgasoft;
2.
3. import java.sql.Connection;
4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
5. import java.sql.ResultSet;
6. import java.sql.Statement;
7.
8. import junit.framework.Test;
9. import junit.framework.TestCase;
10. import junit.framework.TestSuite;
11.
12. /**
13. * Unit test for simple App.
14. */
15. public class AppTest
16. extends TestCase
17. {
18. /**
19. * Create the test case
20. *
21. * @param testName name of the test case
22. */
23. public AppTest( String testName )
24. {
25. super( testName );
26. }
27.
28. /**
29. * @return the suite of tests being tested
30. */
31. public static Test suite()
722

32. {
33. return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
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34. }
35.

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36. /**
37. * Rigourous Test :-)
38. */
39. public void testApp()
40. {
41. JdbcApp jdbcApp = new JdbcApp();
42. jdbcApp.displayEmpDetails();
43. assertTrue( true );
44. }
45. }

If we want to use MySQL Database in Our project then we have to use the following dependency
in pom file.

1. <dependency>
2. <groupId>mysql</groupId>
3. <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
4. <version>8.0.11</version>
5. </dependency>

In Java Application
Driver Class: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
Driver UIRL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/durgadb
DB User Name: root
DB Password : root

Example:

pom.xml

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/

8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
9.
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10. <name>helloapp</name>
11. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

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12.
13. <properties>
14. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
15. </properties>
16.
17. <dependencies>
18. <dependency>
19. <groupId>junit</groupId>
20. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
21. <version>3.8.1</version>
22. <scope>test</scope>
23. </dependency>
24. 
32.
33. <dependency>
34. <groupId>mysql</groupId>
35. <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
36. <version>8.0.11</version>
37. </dependency>
38.
39. </dependencies>
40. <build>
41. <plugins>
42. <plugin>
43. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
44. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
45. <version>3.7.0</version>
46. <configuration>
47. <source>1.8</source>
48. <target>1.8</target>
49. </configuration>
50. </plugin>
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51. </plugins>
52. </build>
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53. </project>

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JdbcApp.java

1. package com.durgasoft;
2.
3. import java.sql.Connection;
4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
5. import java.sql.ResultSet;
6. import java.sql.Statement;
7.
8. public class JdbcApp {
9. Connection con;
10. Statement st;
11. ResultSet rs;
12. public JdbcApp() {
13. try {
14. Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
15. con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3300/durgadb", "root", "
root");
16. st = con.createStatement();
17. } catch (Exception e) {
18. e.printStackTrace();
19. }
20. }
21. public void displayEmpDetails() {
22. try {
23. rs = st.executeQuery("select * from emp1");
24. System.out.println("ENO\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
25. System.out.println("------------------------------");
26. while(rs.next()) {
27. System.out.print(rs.getInt(1)+"\t");
28. System.out.print(rs.getString(2)+"\t");
29. System.out.print(rs.getFloat(3)+"\t");
30. System.out.println(rs.getString(4));
31. }
32. } catch (Exception e) {
33. e.printStackTrace();
34. }
35. }
36. }
725

AppTest.java
Page

1. package com.durgasoft;

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2.
3. import java.sql.Connection;
4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
5. import java.sql.ResultSet;
6. import java.sql.Statement;
7.
8. import junit.framework.Test;
9. import junit.framework.TestCase;
10. import junit.framework.TestSuite;
11.
12. /**
13. * Unit test for simple App.
14. */
15. public class AppTest
16. extends TestCase
17. {
18. /**
19. * Create the test case
20. *
21. * @param testName name of the test case
22. */
23. public AppTest( String testName )
24. {
25. super( testName );
26. }
27.
28. /**
29. * @return the suite of tests being tested
30. */
31. public static Test suite()
32. {
33. return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
34. }
35.
36. /**
37. * Rigourous Test :-)
38. */
39. public void testApp()
40. {
726

41. System.out.println("Welcome To Maven");

42. JdbcApp jdbcApp = new JdbcApp();
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43. jdbcApp.displayEmpDetails();
44. /*

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45. Connection con = null;
46. Statement st = null;
47. ResultSet rs = null;
48. try {
49. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
50. con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "system
", "durga");
51. st = con.createStatement();
52. rs = st.executeQuery("select * from emp1");
53. System.out.println("ENO\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
54. System.out.println("------------------------------");
55. while(rs.next()) {
56. System.out.print(rs.getInt(1)+"\t");
57. System.out.print(rs.getString(2)+"\t");
58. System.out.print(rs.getFloat(3)+"\t");
59. System.out.println(rs.getString(4));
60. }
61. } catch (Exception e) {
62. e.printStackTrace();
63. }*/
64. assertTrue( true );
65. }
66. }

727
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Web Application in Maven
Steps to Prepare Web Application in Maven:

1. Create Web Project in Maven

2. Provide Configurations in pom.xml file
3. Prepare Web Resources.
4. Update Project
5. Run Web Application

1. Create Web Project in Maven:

i. Click on File in "Eclipse".

ii. Click on "New".
iii. Click on "Others".
iv. Click on "Maven".
v. Select "Maven Project".
vi. Click on "Next".
vii. Click on "Next".
viii. Select "org.apache.maven.archetypes maven-archetype-webapp 1.0".
ix. Click on "Next" button.
x. Provide the following details
a. Group Id: com.durgasoft
b. Artifact Id: loginapp
c. Version: 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
d. packag: com.durgasoft
xi. Click on "Finish" button.

2. Provide Configurations in pom.xml file:

1. Provide Compiler Plugin for JAVA8 version:

1. <plugin>
2. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
3. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
4. <version>3.7.0</version>
5. <configuration>
6. <source>1.8</source>
728

7. <target>1.8</target>
8. </configuration>
9. </plugin>
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2. Provide Tomcat Plugin:

1. <plugin>
2. <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
3. <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
4. <version>2.2</version>
5. </plugin>

3 .Provide Servlet API Dependency:

1. <dependency>
2. <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
3. <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
4. <version>3.1.0</version>
5. <scope>provided</scope>
6. </dependency>

4. Save pom.xml file.

5. Update Maven Project.
a. Right Click on Project.
b. Select "Maven".
c. Select "Update Project".
or
a. Select "Markers" in Tools bar.
b. Select "Maven Problems".
c. Right Click on "Project configuration is not up-to-date with pom.xml".
d. Select "Quick Fix" .
e. Click on "Finish" button.

EX: pom.xml

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/

7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8. <name>loginapp Maven Webapp</name>
Page

9. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
10. <dependencies>

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11. <dependency>
12. <groupId>junit</groupId>
13. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
14. <version>3.8.1</version>
15. <scope>test</scope>
16. </dependency>
17. <dependency>
18. <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
19. <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
20. <version>3.1.0</version>
21. <scope>provided</scope>
22. </dependency>
23. </dependencies>
24. <build>
25. <finalName>loginapp</finalName>
26. <plugins>
27. <plugin>
28. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
29. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
30. <version>3.7.0</version>
31. <configuration>
32. <source>1.8</source>
33. <target>1.8</target>
34. </configuration>
35. </plugin>
36. <plugin>
37. <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
38. <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
39. <version>2.2</version>
40. </plugin>
41. </plugins>
42. </build>
43. </project>

3. Prepare Web Resources:

a) Prepare html file or jsp file:

1. select "src".
2. select "main".
730

3. Right Click on "webapps".

4. Select "New".
Page

5. Select "Html File".

6. Provide File Name "loginform.html".

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7. Click on "Next".
8. Click on "Finish".
9. Provide Html Code in loginform.html.
10. Save Html File.

EX: loginform.html

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <form action="./hello" method="post">
4. User Name<input type="text" name="uname"/><br>
5. Password<input type="password" name="upwd"/><br>
6. <input type="submit" value="Login"/>
7. </form>
8. </body>
9. </html>
10.
11. success.html

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
5. <title>Insert title here</title>
6. </head>
7. <body>
8. <h1>Durga Software Solutions</h1>
9. <h2>User Login Status</h2>
10. <font color="red" size="7">User Login Success</font>
11. <h3>
12. <a href="./loginform.html">|User Login Form|</a>
13. </h3>
14. </body>
15. </html>
16.
17. failure.html
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1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
5. <title>Insert title here</title>
6. </head>
7. <body>
8. <h1>Durga Software Solutions</h1>
9. <h2>User Login Status</h2>
10. <font color="red" size="7">User Login Failure</font>
11. <h3>
12. <a href="./loginform.html">|User Login Form|</a>
13. </h3>
14. </body>
15. </html>

b) Prepare Servlets:

1) Right Click on Java Resources.

2) Select "New".
3) Select "Source Folder".
4) Provide the following details.
a. Project Name : loginapp
b. Folder Name: src/main/servlets
c. Click on "Finish" Button.
5) Right Click on "src/main/servlets" folder.
6) Select "New".
7) Select "Servlet".
8) Provide the following details.
a) Package Name: com.durgasoft.servlets
b) Class Name : LoginServlet
9) Click on "Next" button.
10) Edit URL Pattern "/login".
11) Click on "Next" button.
12) Select "doPost" [bydefault Selected].
13) Click on "Finish" button.
14) Write Application Logic in Servlets.

EX: LoginServlet.java
732

1. package com.durgasoft.servlets;
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3. import java.io.IOException;
4.
5. import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
6. import javax.servlet.ServletException;
7. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
10.
11. import com.durgasoft.service.UserService;
12. public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
13. private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
14. protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) thr
ows ServletException, IOException {
15. response.setContentType("text/html");
16. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
17. String upwd = request.getParameter("upwd");
18. RequestDispatcher reqDispatcher = null;
19. UserService userService = new UserService();
20. String status = userService.checkLogin(uname, upwd);
21. if(status.equals("success")) {
22. reqDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("success.html");
23. reqDispatcher.forward(request, response);
24. }else {
25. reqDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("failure.html");
26. reqDispatcher.forward(request, response);
27. }
28.
29. }
30.
31. }

web.xml

1. <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC

7. <servlet>
8. <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
Page

9. <display-name>LoginServlet</display-name>
10. <description></description>

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11. <servlet-class>com.durgasoft.servlets.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
12. </servlet>
13. <servlet-mapping>
14. <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
15. <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
16. </servlet-mapping>
17. <welcome-file-list>
18. <welcome-file>loginform.html</welcome-file>
19. </welcome-file-list>
20. </web-app>

c)Prepare Service Class As per the requirement:

1) Right Click on "src/main/servlets"

2) Select "New".
3) Select "Class"
4) Provide the following details.
i) Package Name : com.durgasoft.service
ii) Class Name : UserService
5) Select "Next" button
6) Provide Application Logic in UserService class

EX:UserService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2.
3. import java.sql.Connection;
4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
5. import java.sql.ResultSet;
6. import java.sql.Statement;
7.
8. public class UserService {
9. Connection con;
10. Statement st;
11. ResultSet rs;
12. String status = "";
13. public UserService() {
14. try {
15. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
734

16. con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "system

", "durga");
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17. st = con.createStatement();

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18. } catch (Exception e) {
19. e.printStackTrace();
20. }
21. }
22. public String checkLogin(String uname, String upwd) {
23. try {
24. rs = st.executeQuery("select * from reg_Users where uname = '"+uname+"' and up
wd = '"+upwd+"'");
25. boolean b = rs.next();
26. if(b == true) {
27. status = "success";
28. }else {
29. status = "failure";
30. }
31. } catch (Exception e) {
32. e.printStackTrace();
33. }
34. return status;
35. }
36. }

4. Update Project:

1. Right Click on Project.

2. Select "Maven".
3. Select "Update Project".
4. Select Project and Click on "OK" button.
5. Run Application:

1. Right Click on Project.

2. Select "Run As".
3. Select "Maven Build...".
4. Provide Value to "Goals" : tomcat:run -Dmaven.tomcat.port=9944[Any port number]
5. Click on "Run" button.
6. Copy the URL from Console.
7.Past the URL in Browser Addressbar.
http://localhost:9944/loginapp/loginform.html
8. Provide data and click on "Login" button and get response from LoginServlet.
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Spring Core Module Application in MAVEN

Steps to Prepare Spring Core Module Application in MAVEN:

1. Create Maven Quick Start Project.

2. Provide Configurations in pom.xml file.
3. Prepare Spring Resources like Beans, Configuration Files, Test and Cases...
4. Run Spring Application

1. Create Maven Quick Start Project.

1. Open Eclipse IDE

2. Right Click on "Project Explorer"
3. Select "New"
4. Select "Others"
5. Search for "Maven".
6. Select for "Maven Project".
7. Click on "Next" button.
8. Click on "Next" button.
9. Provide the following details.
a. groupId: com.durgasoft
b. artifactId: springapp1
c. version: 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
d. package: com.durgasoft
10. Click on "Finish" Button.

2. Provide Configurations in pom.xml file.

1. Open pom.xml file File and provide java8 plugin configuration:

EX:

1. <build>
2. <plugins>
3. <plugin>
4. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
5. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
736

6. <version>3.7.0</version>
7. <configuration>
8. <source>1.8</source>
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9. <target>1.8</target>

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10. </configuration>
11. </plugin>
12. </plugins>
13. </build>

2. Provide Spring dependencies in pom.xml file

EX:

1. <dependencies>
2. <dependency>
3. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
4. <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
5. <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
6. </dependency>
7.
8. <dependency>
9. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
10. <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
11. <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
12. </dependency>
13.
14. <dependency>
15. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
16. <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
17. <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
18. </dependency>
19. </dependencies>

Note: In the above dependencies, just add spring-core and spring-context dependencies in
pom.xml file then automatically all other dependencies are also be loaded.

EX: pom.xml

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/

XMLSchema-instance"
2. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/m
aven-4.0.0.xsd">
737

3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4.
5. <groupId>com.durgasoft</groupId>
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6. <artifactId>springapp1</artifactId>

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7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
9.
10. <name>springapp</name>
11. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
12.
13. <properties>
14. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
15. </properties>
16.
17. <dependencies>
18. <dependency>
19. <groupId>junit</groupId>
20. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
21. <version>3.8.1</version>
22. <scope>test</scope>
23. </dependency>
24.
25. <dependency>
26. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
27. <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
28. <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
29. </dependency>
30.
31. <dependency>
32. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
33. <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
34. <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
35. </dependency>
36.
37. <dependency>
38. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
39. <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
40. <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
41. </dependency>
42. </dependencies>
43. <build>
44. <plugins>
45. <plugin>
738

46. <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
47. <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
Page

48. <version>3.7.0</version>
49. <configuration>

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50. <source>1.8</source>
51. <target>1.8</target>
52. </configuration>
53. </plugin>
54. </plugins>
55. </build>
56. </project>

2. Save pom.xml file and see "Markers" for errors.

3. Right Click on :Project"
4. Select "Maven" .
5. Select "Update Project".
6. Click on "OK" button.

3. Prepare Spring Resources like Beans, Configuration Files, Test Cases...

a) Prepare Bean class:

1. Right Click on "src/java/main".

2. Select "New"
3. Select "Class".
4. Provide the following details
Package: com.durgasoft.beans
Class : HelloBean
5 .Click on "Finish" button.
6. Provide properties and methods in Bean class.

EX: HelloBean.java

1. package com.durgasoft.beans;
2.
3. public class HelloBean {
4. public String sayHello() {
5. return "Hello User!";
6. }
7. }

b) Prepare Spring Configuration File:

739

1. Right Click on "src\java\main".

2. Select "Package".
3. Provide package name "com.durgasoft.resources".
Page

4. Click on "Finish" button.

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5. Right Click on "com.durgasoft.resources" package.
6. Select "New".
7. Select "Other".
8. Search "XML" and select "XML File".
9. Click on "Next" button.
10. Provide file Name: applicationContext.xml
11. Click on "Next" button.
12. Click on "Finish" Button.

EX: applicationContext.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

c) Prepare Test Application:

1. Right Click on "src/java/main".

2. Select "New"
3. Select "Class".
4. Provide the following details
Package: com.durgasoft.test
Class : TestClient
5. Click on "Finish" button.
6. Provide application Logic in TestClient class.

EX:TestClient.java

8. public class TestClient {

9. public void test() {
Page

10. ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/durgasoft/re

sources/applicationContext.xml");

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11. HelloBean bean = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean");
12. String message = bean.sayHello();
13. System.out.println(message);
14. }
15. }

d)Access TestClient Application from JUnit test[src\test\main\TestApp.java]:

EX:TestApp.java

1. package com.durgasoft;
2. import com.durgasoft.test.TestClient;
3. import junit.framework.Test;
4. import junit.framework.TestCase;
5. import junit.framework.TestSuite;
6. public class AppTest
7. extends TestCase
8. {
9. public AppTest( String testName )
10. {
11. super( testName );
12. }
13.
14. public static Test suite()
15. {
16. return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
17. }
18.
19. public void testApp()
20. {
21. TestClient client = new TestClient();
22. client.test();
23.
24. assertTrue( true );
25. }
26. }

4. Run Spring Application:

1. Right Click on Project[springapp1].
741

2. Select "Run As".

3. Select "Maven Test" and see the Result in Console.
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LOG4J
COURSE MATERIAL
BY
NAGOOR BABU

742
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BY NAGOOR BABU

743
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BY NAGOOR BABU
SPRING LOG4J MODULE INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….Page 745
2. Log4j………………………………………………………………………..…Page 748
3. Appenders………………………………………………………….……….Page 755
4. Layouts……………………………………………………………………….Page 761

744
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INTRODUCTION
In Real time applications development, we may get no of problems or bugs or exceptions while
executing or testing the applications, Ti identify the problems and their locations then we have to
trace the applications flow of execution.

To trace applications flow of execution we will use "System.out.println(--)" at basic level.

EX:

1. class Transaction{
2. void deposit(){
3. System.out.println("logic for deposit");
4. }
5. void withdraw(){
6. System.out.println("logic for withdraw");
7. }
8. void transfer(){
9. System.out.println("logic for transfer");
10. }
11. }
12. class Test{
13. Transaction tx = new Transaction();
14. System.out.println("Before deposit() method call");
15. tx.deposit()
16. System.out.println("After deposit() method call");
17. -----
18. System.out.println("Before withdraw() method call");
19. tx.withdraw();
20. System.out.println("After withdraw method call");
21. ------
22. System.out.println("Before transfer() method call");
23. tx.transfer();
24. System.out.println("After transfer() method call");
25. }

If we execute the above application then we are able to get the following output on console or
command prompt.
 Before deposit() method call
 logic for deposit
745

 After deposit() method call

 Before withdraw() method call
Page

 logic for withdraw

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BY NAGOOR BABU
 After withdraw() method call
 Before transfer() method call
 logic for transfer
 After transfer() method call

If we use System.out.println() method in applications to trace flow of execution then we are able to
get the following problems.
1. System.out.println(--) will be used for only console display, not for sending data to any other
output systems like file systems[html files, xml files, text files...], databases, network,....
2. System.out.println() method contains synchronized block to display data, it is heavy weight,
expensive and time consuming.
3. In Applications, it is not suggestible to write too many no of System.out.println() methods in
applications, because, it will reduce application performance.
4. System.out.println() method is usefull in Development environment only, It is not suitable in
production environment , because, if we use System.out.println() method in server side
applications then it will display messages in servers console only, it will not be avaiable to
users.
5. System.out.println() will display the messages on console or on command prompt, it will not
show differences in Error messages, warning messaages, normal information,....
6. System.out.println() is suitable for simple standalone applications, not for complex
enterprise applications.
To overcome all the problems while tracing applications we have to use Logging.

Logging : It is the process of writing log messages during the execution of a program to a central
place. This logging allows you to report and persist error and warning messages as well as info
messages so that the messages can later be retrieved and analyzed.

In general, in java applications, Logging is required

1. To understand flow of execution in applications

2. To manage exception messages when Exceptions are occurred in java applications
3. To manage the event - notification messages in file systems....

Logging Framework: It is a set of classes and interfaces or a product to perform Logging in Java
applications.

EX:

1. Java provided java.util Logging

746

2. Log4j
3. LogBack
Page

4. Commons Logging

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BY NAGOOR BABU
5. ObjectGuy
6. TinyLog
Advantages of Logging Frameworks:

1. Problem diagnosis: In ingeneral, in application development, we are able to detect the

problems which are occurred in compilation time or in execution, but, some hidden problems are
existed inside the applications, which may not come in out side direcly, but, they will give effect to
our application execution, in this situation, if we use good Logging Framework then it is possible to
detect the hidden problems quickly and we can fix them easily.

2. Quick Debugging: Once if we diagnose the problem and if we identify the location of the
problem by using logging framework then it is very simple to fix that problem and it simplifies
Debugging and it able to reduce overall Debugging time.

3. Easy Maintenance: If we provide good Logging Framework to perform logging in our

applications then it will provide somde description or information about our application which is
usefull to manage our applications easily.

4. History: In general, all Logging Frameworks are tracing the applications flow of execution and
they are able to store tracing details in a file system, this logging details are usefull to analyze the
problems and to solve the problems.

5. Cost and Time Saving: Logging Frameworks will simplifies debugging, easy maintenance ,
persisting application information,..... , these qualities of Logging Framework saves time and cost
of the application.

Drawbacks with Logging Frameworks:

1. Logging Frameworks needs to write some extra code in our java applications, it will
increase overhead to the application.
2. Logging Frameworks will provide some extra code in our applications, it will increase
application execution time at runtime, it will reduce application performance.
3. Logging Framework will provide some extra code in application, so that, it will increase
application length.
4. Poor logging strategies will increase confusion to the developers.
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Log4j
Log4J is a reliable, fast and flexible framework written in JAVA to perform logging in Java
applications and it is provided by Apache Software Foundations.

Log4j Features:
Log4j is able to allow more than one thread at a time with out providing data inconsistency
,so that, Log4j is thread-safe.
Log4j will not slow down the application execution, it will be optimized to improve
application performance.
Log4j is providing environment to send logging messages to more than one output
appenders .
Log4j supports internationalization.
Log4j is providing services for both predefined and user defined facilities, it able to provide
some customizations also.
Log4j allows to set logging behaviours at runtime through the configuration file.
Log4j is providing very good environment to traace Exceptions from its root.
Log4j uses multiple levels like ALL, TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR and FATAL to
generate messages.
Log4j allows to change the format of log output by extending Layout class.
Log4j is using appenders to generate log messages.

Log4j Architecture:

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Log4j Arch contains mainly the following Objects:
1. Logger
2. Appender
3. Layout
4. Level
5. LogManager
6. Filter
7. ObjectRender

1. Logger:
This Object is responsibile to get logging messages from Java applications

2. Appender:
The main intention of Appender object is to get logging messages from Logger object and
publishing that logging messages to the preffered destinations. Each and Every Appender Object
must have atleast one Destination object inorder to send logging messages.

EX: ConsoleAppender is able to store logging messages on Console.

3. Layout:
The main intention of Layout object is to format logging messages in different styles.Layout Object
is used by Appender object just before publishing Logging Messages.

4. Level:
The main intention of Level object is to define granualarity and priority of any Logging information.
Each and every Logging information must be with a particular Logging Level.

Log4j API has provided the following Levels to the Logging messages.
1. ALL
2. TRACE
3. DEBUG
4. ENFO
5. WRAN
6. ERROR
7. FATAL
8. OFF

Log4j is giving priorities for the logging messages in the following order.
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ALL >TRACE > DEBUGG > INFO > WARN > ERROR > FATAL>OFF
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BY NAGOOR BABU
6. LogManager
LogManager is the central component , it able to manage Log4j framework, it will read all the initial
configuration details from the configuration file and stored the Logger objects in namespace
hierarchy with a particular reference name for futer reference. If our application access any Logger
object on the basis of the reference name then LogManager will return the existed Logger object
otherwise it will create new Logger object and return to the application.

7. Filter:
The main intention of Filter object is used to analyze logging information and takes the decision
whther the messages must be logged or not.
An Appender object may have no of Filter objects, they must approve our logging message before
publishing logging messages in destination.

8.ObjectRender
This Object will be used by Layout object in order to get string representation of the several
objects which are passed through Log4j framework.

Log4j Internal Flow:

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1. If we create Logger object in Java application then a request will be send to Log4j Software
about to create Logger object.
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BY NAGOOR BABU
2. Log4j Software will search for log4j.properties/log4j.xml file in classpath, if it is existed then
Log4j Software will load and parse log4j configuration file then Log4j software will create
Logger object.
3. After creating Logger object, Log4j Software will return Logger object to Java Application.
4. If we access any logger method from Logger reference then Java application will send
logging responsibility to Log4j software.
5. Log4j Software will activate Appender object inorder to perform logging.
6. Appender will recognize all the filters which are associated then Appender will execute all
the filters in sequence, where filters will filters the logging messages to persist or display.
7. Appender will activate Layout object , it will apply the layout styles on the logging
messages.
8. After Styling Logging messages, Appender will activate Object Renderer to recognize the
destination.
9. Sending Logging messages to the respective Destination.

Log4j Configuration File:

Log4j Configuration File includes all Log4j configuration details like rootLogger, Layout
configurations, Appenders configuration,.

In Log4j , we are able to use the following two types of configuration files.

1.log4j.properties
2.log4j.xml

IN both the configuratin files, we have to use the following configurations at basic java
applications.

1. Declare rootLogger and initialize rootLogger

2. Declare appender
3. Declare Layout and its conversionPattern.

EX: log4j.properties:

 log4j.rootLogger =TRACE, CONSOLE

 log4j.appender.CONSOLE = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
 log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.conversionPattern=%d{yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss } : This is
%m%n
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 Where "log4j.rootLogger" property will take Logging LEVEL and appender name,
 where Log4j framework will display all the messages which are same as the specified Log
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level and lower than the specified Log level.

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 Where appender name is a name which is referring a particular Appender.

EX: log4j.rootLogger = TRACE, CONSOLE

Where "log4j.appender.CONSOLE" property will take a particular Appender like

ConsoleAppender, FileAppender,...

EX: log4j.appender.CONSOLE = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender

Where "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout" property will configure Layout configfuration.

EX: log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

Where PattrenLayout needs a property like conversionPattern to take a particular pattern to

display messages.

EX: "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.conversionPattern = %m%n

Note: Where %m%n in the sense, %m is to display message and %n is to bring cursor to next
line.

log4j.xml Configuration:
In XML confioguration we have to use the following configuration.
1. Appender configuration.
2. Layout Configuration
3. Root Logger COnfiguration

To provide XML configuration then we have to use the following xml tags in log4j.xml file.

log4j.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

8. <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm:SS} %-

5p %c{1} - %m%n" />
9. </layout>
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10. </appender>

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11.
12. <root>
13. <priority value="ERROR" />
14. <appender-ref ref="console" />
15. </root>
16.
17. </log4j:configuration>

 Where <log4j:configuration> isa a root tag, it able to take log4j configuration details.
 Where <appender> tag is able to configure Appender class with a logical name.
 Where "name" attribute in <appender> tag will take logical name to the appender.
 Where "class" attribute in <appender> tag is able to take fully qualified name of the
Appender class, that is, "org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"
 Where <layout> tag can be used to configure Layout class.
 Where "class" attribute in <layout> tag will take fully qualified name of Layout class, that is,
"org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout".
 Where <param> tag in <layout> tag will take layout parameter .
 Where "name" attribute will take parameter name, tyhat is , "ConversionPattern".
 Where "value" attribute will take value of the parameter , that is, %d{DD/MM/YYYY
HH:mm:SS} %-5p %c{1} - %m%n
 Where <root> tag will provide rootLogger configuration.
 Where <priority> tag tag will take logger level with "value" attribute.
 Where <appender-ref> tag will take logical name of the appender with "ref" attribute.

Steps to Use Log4j in Java Application:

1. Download log4j-1.2.17.zip from "https://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/download.html"

2. Create Java project in Eclipse IDE and add log4j1.2.17.jar file in build path
3. Create log4j configuration file[log4j.properties or log4j.xml].
4. Create Java class.
5. Run Java project [Suggestible in Debug mode].

Example:

log4j.properties

 log4j.rootLogger =FATAL, CONSOLE

 log4j.appender.CONSOLE = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
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 log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.conversionPattern = %d{yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss } : This is
%m%n
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Log4jTest.java

1. package log4japp1;
2.
3. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
4. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
5.
6. public class Log4jTest {
7.
8. public static void main(String[] args) {
9. Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);
10. logger.trace("trace Message");
11. logger.debug("debug Message");
12. logger.info("info Message");
13. logger.warn("warn Message");
14. logger.error("Error Message");
15. logger.fatal("fatal Message");
16.
17. }
18. }

Note: If we want to use XML configuration then we have to use the following XML file
log4j.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
3. <log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/"
4. debug="false">
5.
6. <appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
7. <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
8. <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{DD/MM/YYYY HH:mm:SS} %-
5p %c{1} - %m%n" />
9. </layout>
10. </appender>
11.
12. <root>
13. <priority value="ERROR" />
14. <appender-ref ref="console" />
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15. </root>
16.
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17. </log4j:configuration>

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Appenders
Appenders:

Appender is an object, it can be used to get logging messages from Logger object and publishing
that logging messages to the preffered destinations. Each and Every Appender Object must have
atleast one Destination object inorder to send logging messages.

Log4j has provided the following appenders inorder to publish logging messages.

1. ConsoleAppender
2. FileAppender
3. JDBCAppender
4. JMSAppender
5. SocketAppender
6. SMTPAppender
7. AsyncAppender
8. AppenderSkeleton
9. DailyRollingFileAppender
10. ExternallyRolledFileAppender
11. LF5Appender
12. NTEventLogAppender
13. NullAppender
14. RollingFileAppender
15. SocketHubAppender
16. SyslogAppender
17. TelnetAppender
18. WriterAppender

If we want to manage all logging messages in a File then we have to use FileAppenders.

There are Four types of File Appenders.

1. FileAppender
2. RollingFileAppender
3. DailyRollingFileAppender
4. ExternallyRolledFileAppender
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1. FileAppender:
If we want to use FileAppender in Java applications then we have to use the following properties
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in log4j.properties file.

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BY NAGOOR BABU

1. log4j.rootLogger
2. log4j.appender.Ref_Name
3. log4j.appender.Ref_Name.File : It will name and location of the file to manage logging
messages.
4. log4j.appender.Ref_Name.layout
5. log4j.appender.Ref_Name.layout.ConversionProperty

EX:

log4j.properties

 log4j.rootLogger =ALL, FILE

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.File=./logging/logs.log
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout.conversionPattern = %d{yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss } : This is
%m%n

Log4jTest.java

1. package log4japp1;
2.
3. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
4. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
5.
6. public class Log4jTest {
7.
8. public static void main(String[] args) {
9.
10. Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);
11. logger.trace("trace Message");
12. logger.debug("debug Message");
13. logger.info("info Message");
14. logger.warn("warn Message");
15. logger.error("Error Message");
16. logger.fatal("fatal Message");
17.
18. }
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19. }
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If we want to use both ConsoleAppender and FileAppender in Java Applications then we have to
define two Ref_Names at 'log4j.rootLogger' property.

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EX:
log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger =ALL, CONSOLE, FILE

#ConsoleAppender Configuration

#FileAppender Configuration

Log4jTest.java

1. package log4japp1;
2.
3. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
4. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
5.
6. public class Log4jTest {
7.
8. public static void main(String[] args) {
9.
10. Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);
11. logger.trace("trace Message");
12. logger.debug("debug Message");
13. logger.info("info Message");
14. logger.warn("warn Message");
15. logger.error("Error Message");
16. logger.fatal("fatal Message");
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17.
18. }
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19. }

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2. RollingFileAppender
The main intention of RollingFileAppender is to manage logging messages to the other new files
when the present log file is getting exceded as per the file size limit.

If we want to use RollingFileAppender in log4j applications then we have to use

"org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender" class and we have to use all the FileAppender properties
and the following extra properties.

1. log4j.appender.Ref_Name.MaxFileSize : It will take max File size in the form of KB

2. log4j.appender.Ref_Name.MaxBackupIndex= It able to create maximum backup files.

EX:

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger =ALL, FILE

#FileAppender Configuration

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.file= e:/loggers/logs.txt
 log4j.appender.FILE.MaxFileSize= 2kb
 log4j.appender.FILE.MaxBackupIndex= 3
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout.conversionPattern = %d{yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss } %-c %p :
This is %m%n

Log4jTest.java

11. logger.debug("debug Message");

12. logger.info("info Message");
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13. logger.warn("warn Message");

14. logger.error("Error Message");

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15. logger.fatal("fatal Message");
16.
17. }
18. }

3. DailyRollingFileAppender
The main intention of DailyRollingFileAppender is to roll files in FileAppender on daily basis.

If we want to use DailyRollingFileAppender in log4j applications then we have to use

"org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender" and we have to use "datePattern" property in
properties file.
Note: If we are using DailyRollingFileAppender in our application then it is not required to use
"maxFileSize" and "maxBackupIndex" properties in log4j.properties file.

Note: The default pattern for datePattern property is '.' '.' yyyy-MM-dd , it will roll over every day
midnight

For "datePattern" property we are able to use the following values.

1. '.' yyyy-MM : It will roll over at the end of each month and at the beginning of the next
month.
2. '.' yyyy-MM-dd : It will roll over at midnight each day.
3. '.' yyyy-MM-dd-a :It will roll over at midday and midnight of each day.
4. '.' yyyy-MM-dd-HH : It will roll over at the top of every hour.
5. '.' yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm : It will roll over every minute.
6. '.' yyyy-ww : It will roll over on the first day of each week depending upon the locale.

Example:

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger =ALL, FILE

#FileAppender Configuration

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.file= e:/loggers/logs.txt
 log4j.appender.FILE.DatePattern='.' yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm
 #log4j.appender.FILE.MaxFileSize= 2kb
 #log4j.appender.FILE.MaxBackupIndex= 3
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 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout.conversionPattern = %d{yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss } %-c %p :
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This is %m%n

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Log4jTest.java

1. package log4japp1;
2.
3. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
4. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
5.
6. public class Log4jTest {
7. static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);
8. public static void main(String[] args) {
9.
10.
11. logger.trace("trace Message");
12. logger.debug("debug Message");
13. logger.info("info Message");
14. logger.warn("warn Message");
15. logger.error("Error Message");
16. logger.fatal("fatal Message");
17.
18. }
19. }

4. ExternallyRolledFileAppender:

This appender listens on a socket on the port specified by the Port property for a "RollOver"
message. When such a message is received, the underlying log file is rolled over and an
acknowledgment message is sent back to the process initiating the roll over.

Note: ExternallyRolledFileAppender is required Socket Programming and it is deprecated

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Layouts
Layouts:

The main intention of Layout is to define a partidular Structer for the logging messages.

There are four types of Layouts existed in Log4j.

1. SimpleLayout
2. PatternLayout
3. HTMLLayout
4. XMLLayout

1. Simple Layout:

SimpleLayout is able to prepare logging messages with "LEVEL - Log_Message" . Log4j has
provided a predefiend class to represent Simple Layout,that is, org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout

EX:

log4j.properties

 log4j.rootLogger = ALL, FILE

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.file = E:/loggers/logs.log
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout

Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.log4j;
2. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
3. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
4.
5. public class Log4jTest {
6. static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);
7. public static void main(String[] args) {
8. logger.trace("Trace Message");
9. logger.debug("Debug Message");
10. logger.info("Info Message");
11. logger.warn("Warn Message");
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12. logger.error("Error Message");

13. logger.fatal("Fatal Message");
14.
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15. }

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BY NAGOOR BABU
16.
17. }

OP:

TRACE - Trace Message

DEBUG - Debug Message
INFO - Info Message
WARN - Warn Message
ERROR - Error Message
FATAL - Fatal Message

2. Pattern Layout:

It able to prepare logging messages w.r.t the provided pattern. To represent Pattern Layout, Log4j
has provided a predefined class in the form of "org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout".

To define pattern for the logging messages, we must use "ConversionPattern" property from
PatternLayout class.

EX:

log4j.properties

 log4j.rootLogger = ALL, FILE

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.file = E:/loggers/logs.log
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout.conversionPattern = %d{dd/MM/YYYY HH:mm:SS} %-c %p :
This Is %m%n

Log4jTest.java

1. package com.durgasoft.log4j;
2.
3. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
4. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
5.
6. public class Log4jTest {
762

7. static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);

8. public static void main(String[] args) {
Page

9. logger.trace("Trace Message");
10. logger.debug("Debug Message");

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BY NAGOOR BABU
11. logger.info("Info Message");
12. logger.warn("Warn Message");
13. logger.error("Error Message");
14. logger.fatal("Fatal Message");
15.
16. }
17.
18. }

OP:
 22/08/2018 18:50:885 com.durgasoft.log4j.Log4jTest TRACE : This Is Trace Message
 22/08/2018 18:50:886 com.durgasoft.log4j.Log4jTest DEBUG : This Is Debug Message
 22/08/2018 18:50:886 com.durgasoft.log4j.Log4jTest INFO : This Is Info Message
 22/08/2018 18:50:886 com.durgasoft.log4j.Log4jTest WARN : This Is Warn Message
 22/08/2018 18:50:886 com.durgasoft.log4j.Log4jTest ERROR : This Is Error Message
 22/08/2018 18:50:886 com.durgasoft.log4j.Log4jTest FATAL : This Is Fatal Message

Note: We will use these patterns in general in PatternLayout for ConversionPattern property.

%d ----> Date
%c ----> Class to which we are providing Logging
%P ----> Logging Level
%L ----> Line NUmber
%m ----> Logging Message
%n ----> New Line Character

3. HTML Layout

It able to provide all logging messages in the form of Html file. To represent this Layout Log4j has
provided a predefined class in the form of "org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout"

EX:

log4j.properties

 log4j.rootLogger = ALL, FILE

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.file = E:/loggers/logs.html
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout
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Log4jTest.java
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1. package com.durgasoft.log4j;

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BY NAGOOR BABU
2.
3. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
4. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
5.
6. public class Log4jTest {
7. static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);
8. public static void main(String[] args) {
9. logger.trace("Trace Message");
10. logger.debug("Debug Message");
11. logger.info("Info Message");
12. logger.warn("Warn Message");
13. logger.error("Error Message");
14. logger.fatal("Fatal Message");
15. }
16. }

4. XML Layout
It able to provide logging messages in the form of XML document. To rperepsent XMLLayout,
Log4j has provided a predefined class in the form of "org.apache.log4j.xml.XMLLayout"

EX:

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger = ALL, FILE

log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.FILE.file = E:/loggers/logs.xml
log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.xml.XMLLayout

Log4jTest.java

9. logger.debug("Debug Message");
10. logger.info("Info Message");
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11. logger.warn("Warn Message");

12. logger.error("Error Message");

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13. logger.fatal("Fatal Message");
14. }
15. }

Log4j in JDBC Applications:

log4j.properties

 log4j.rootLogger = ALL, FILE

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.file = E:/loggers/logs.txt
 log4j.appender.FILE.append = false
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout.conversionPattern = %d{dd/MM/YYYY HH:mm:SS} %-c %p
%L : %m%n
Test.java

1. package com.durgasoft.jdbc;
2.
3. import java.sql.Connection;
4. import java.sql.DriverManager;
5. import java.sql.ResultSet;
6. import java.sql.Statement;
7.
8. import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
9. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
10.
11. public class Test {
12. //static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Test.class);
13. static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Test.class);
14. public static void main(String[] args) {
15. logger.info("Application Starting Point");
16. Connection con = null;
17. Statement st = null;
18. ResultSet rs = null;
19. try {
20. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
21. logger.info("Driver Loaded");
22. con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe", "system
765

", "durga");
23. if(con == null) {
Page

24. logger.warn("Connection Not Created ");

US NUM: 4433326786 FLAT NO: 202, HMDA MYTRIVANUM, AMEERPET, HYDERABAD.,

BY NAGOOR BABU
25. }else {
26. logger.info("Connection Established :"+con);
27. }
28. st = con.createStatement();
29. if(st == null) {
30. logger.warn("Statement is not created");
31. }else {
32. logger.info("Statement is Created :"+st);
33. }
34. String query = "select *emp1";
35. rs = st.executeQuery(query);
36. if(rs == null) {
37. logger.warn("ResultSet is not Created with '"+query+"'");
38. }else {
39. logger.info("ResultSet Object is Created :"+rs);
40. }
41. System.out.println("ENO\tENAME\tESAL\tEADDR");
42. System.out.println("------------------------------");
43. while(rs.next()) {
44. System.out.print(rs.getInt("ENO")+"\t");
45. System.out.print(rs.getString("ENAME")+"\t");
46. System.out.print(rs.getFloat("ESAL")+"\t");
47. System.out.println(rs.getString("EADDR"));
48. }
49. } catch (Exception e) {
50. e.printStackTrace();
51. logger.error("Exception :"+e.toString());
52. }finally {
53. try {
54.
55. rs.close();
56. st.close();
57. con.close();
58. logger.info("Closing all Resources");
59. } catch (Exception e) {
60. e.printStackTrace();
61. }
62. }
63. logger.info("End of main(");
766

64. }
65. }
Page

US NUM: 4433326786 FLAT NO: 202, HMDA MYTRIVANUM, AMEERPET, HYDERABAD.,

BY NAGOOR BABU
Log4j in Web Applications:

1. Keep Log4j1.2.7.jar in web application lib folder.

2. Prepare Configuration File under src folder / under classes folder.
3. It is suggestible to use FileAppenders.
4. In Servlets generate Loggers.
Example:

loginform.html

1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-

//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
5. <title>Insert title here</title>
6. </head>
7. <body>
8. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>
9. <h3>User Login Page</h3>
10. <form method="POST" action="./login">
11. <table>
12. <tr>
13. <td>User Name</td>
14. <td><input type="text" name="uname"/></td>
15. </tr>
16. <tr>
17. <td>Password</td>
18. <td><input type="password" name="upwd"/></td>
19. </tr>
20. <tr>
21. <td><input type="submit" value="Login"/></td>
22. </tr>
23. </table>
24. </form>
25. </body>
26. </html>

success.html
767

1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-

Page

//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

US NUM: 4433326786 FLAT NO: 202, HMDA MYTRIVANUM, AMEERPET, HYDERABAD.,

BY NAGOOR BABU
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
5. <title>Insert title here</title>
6. </head>
7. <body>
8. <h2>Durga Software Solutions</h2>
9. <h3>User Login Status</h3>
10. <h2>
11. Login Success
12. </h2>
13. <h3>
14. <a href="./loginform.html">|Login Page|</a>
15. </h3>
16. </body>
17. </html>

failure.html

1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-

web.xml
768

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

Page

US NUM: 4433326786 FLAT NO: 202, HMDA MYTRIVANUM, AMEERPET, HYDERABAD.,

BY NAGOOR BABU
om/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-
app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
3. <display-name>app4</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
6. <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
7. <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
8. <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
9. <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10. <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11. </welcome-file-list>
12. <servlet>
13. <description></description>
14. <display-name>LoginServlet</display-name>
15. <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
16. <servlet-class>com.durgasoft.servlets.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
17. </servlet>
18. <servlet-mapping>
19. <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
20. <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
21. </servlet-mapping>
22. </web-app>

log4j.properties

 log4j.rootLogger = ALL, FILE

 log4j.appender.FILE = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
 log4j.appender.FILE.file = E:/loggers/logs.txt
 #log4j.appender.FILE.datePattern = '.'dd-MM-yyyy-HH-mm
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 #log4j.appender.FILE.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 log4j.appender.FILE.layout.conversionPattern = %d{dd/MM/YYYY HH:mm:SS} %-C %p
%L : %m%n

LoginServlet.java

1. package com.durgasoft.servlets;
2.
3. import java.io.IOException;
769

4.
5. import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
Page

6. import javax.servlet.ServletException;
7. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

US NUM: 4433326786 FLAT NO: 202, HMDA MYTRIVANUM, AMEERPET, HYDERABAD.,

BY NAGOOR BABU
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
10.
11. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
12.
13. import com.durgasoft.service.UserService;
14. public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
15. private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
16. public static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LoginServlet.class);
17. protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) thr
ows ServletException, IOException {
18. logger.info("LoginServlet Started-doPost()");
19. String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
20. String upwd = request.getParameter("upwd");
21. logger.info("User Request Recieved with User Name :"+uname+" With password :"+up
wd);
22.
23. UserService userService = new UserService();
24. String status = userService.checkLogin(uname, upwd);
25.
26. RequestDispatcher reqDispatcher = null;
27. if(status.equals("success")) {
28. reqDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("success.html");
29. reqDispatcher.forward(request, response);
30. }else {
31. reqDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("failure.html");
32. reqDispatcher.forward(request, response);
33. }
34. logger.info("Login Status :"+status);
35. logger.info("End of LoginServlet");
36. }
37. }

UserService.java

1. package com.durgasoft.service;
2. import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
3.
4. import com.durgasoft.servlets.LoginServlet;
770

5.
6. public class UserService {
Page

7. static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserService.class);

8. String status = "";

US NUM: 4433326786 FLAT NO: 202, HMDA MYTRIVANUM, AMEERPET, HYDERABAD.,

BY NAGOOR BABU
9. public String checkLogin(String uname, String upwd) {
10.
11.
12. logger.debug("UserService : checkLogin() Method started");
13. if(uname.equals("durga") && upwd.equals("durga")) {
14. logger.info("UserService :Login Success");
15. status = "success";
16. }else {
17. logger.info("USerService :Login Failure");
18. status = "failure";
19. }
20. logger.info("USerService :End of CheckLogin()");
21. return status;
22. }
23. }

771
Page

US NUM: 4433326786 FLAT NO: 202, HMDA MYTRIVANUM, AMEERPET, HYDERABAD.,

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