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HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet

The document provides a cheatsheet on HTML elements and structure. It defines and provides examples for common elements like paragraphs, headings, lists, images, and more. It also covers attributes, the tree structure of HTML, and best practices for writing semantic HTML.

Uploaded by

Sameer A.A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views

HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet

The document provides a cheatsheet on HTML elements and structure. It defines and provides examples for common elements like paragraphs, headings, lists, images, and more. It also covers attributes, the tree structure of HTML, and best practices for writing semantic HTML.

Uploaded by

Sameer A.A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/20/2020 Learn HTML: Elements and Structure Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Elements and Structure


<em> Emphasis Element
The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and
browsers will usually italicize the emphasized text by <p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized
default. in italics.</p>

HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give
content to a web page and instructs web browsers on
how to structure that content.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information
between the opening and closing tags of an element. <h1>Codecademy is awesome! </h1>

<li> List Item Element


The <li> list item element create list items inside:
<ol>
●
Ordered lists <ol> <li>Head east on Prince St</li>
<li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
●
Unordered lists <ul>
</ol>

<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

<video> Video Element


The <video> element embeds a media player for
<video src="test-video.mp4" controls>
video playback. The src attribute will contain the
Video not supported
URL to the video. Adding the controls attribute
</video>
will display video controls in the media player.
Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is
shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support the
element.

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<ol> Ordered List Element
The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items
in sequential order. Each list item appears numbered <ol>
by default. <li>Preheat oven to 325 F 👩🍳</li>
<li>Drop cookie dough 🍪</li>
<li>Bake for 15 min ⏰</li>
</ol>

<div> Div Element


The <div> element is used as a container that
divides an HTML document into sections and is short <div>
for “division”. <div> elements can contain ow <h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>
content such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, <p>Here’s some text for the
etc. section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped
elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>

HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML
elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings, <body>
children, grandchildren, etc. <div>
<h1>It's div's child and body's
grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an
HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left <body>
angle bracket < followed by a forward slash / then ...
the element name and a right angle bracket to close </body>
>.

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using
the following syntax: name="value" and can be <elementName name="value"></elementName>
added to the opening tag of an HTML element to
con gure or change the behavior of the element.

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<br> Line Break Element
The <br> line break element will create a line break
in text and is especially useful where a division of text A line break haiku.<br>
is required, like in a postal address. The line break Poems are a great use case.<br>
element requires only an opening tag and must not Oh joy! A line break.
have a closing tag.

<img> Image Element


HTML image <img> elements embed images in
<img src="image.png">
documents. The src attribute contains the image
URL and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element
meaning it should not have a closing tag.

<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements


HTML can use six di erent levels of heading elements.
The heading elements are ordered from the highest <h1>Breaking News</h1>
level <h1> to the lowest level <h6> . <h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

<p> Paragraph Element


The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a
block of text. <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit.</p>

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of
an element to con gure the element or change the <p id="my-paragraph" style="color:
element’s default behavior. In the provided example, green;">Here’s some text for a paragraph
we are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique that is being altered by HTML
identi er using the id attribute and changing the attributes</p>
color of the default text using the style attribute.

<ul> Unordered List Element


The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a
list of items in no particular order. Each individual list <ul>
item will have a bullet point by default. <li>Play more music 🎸</li>
<li>Read more books 📚</li>
</ul>

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alt Attribute
An <img> element can have alternative text via the
<img src="path/to/image" alt="text
alt attribute. The alternative text will be displayed if
an image fails to render due to an incorrect URL, if the describing image" />
image format is not supported by the browser, if the
image is blocked from being displayed, or if the image
has not been received from the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is
used and helps support visually impaired users by
providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, speci c and unique id attributes can be
assigned to di erent elements in order to di erentiate <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>
between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by
CSS and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and
perform speci c instructions on that element and that
element only. Valid id attributes should begin with a
letter and should only contain letters ( a-Z ), digits
( 0-9 ), hyphens ( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods
( . ).

<body> Body Element


The <body> element represents the content of an
<body>
HTML document. Content inside <body> tags are
rendered on the web browsers. <h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)
</h1>
Note: There can be only one <body> element in a
document. </body>

<span> Span Element


The <span> element is an inline container for text
and can be used to group text for styling purposes. <p><span>This text</span> may be styled
However, as <span> is a generic container to differently than the surrounding text.
separate pieces of text from a larger body of text, its </p>
use should be avoided if a more semantic element is
available.

<strong> Strong Element


The <strong> element highlights important,
serious, or urgent text and browsers will normally <p>This is <strong>important</strong>
render this highlighted text in bold by default. text!</p>

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HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML
document and uses the following syntax: opening tag + <p>Hello World!</p>
content + closing tag. In the code provided:

●
<p> is the opening tag.
●
Hello World! is the content.
●
</p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle
bracket < followed by the element name and a <div>
closing angle bracket > . Here is an example of an
opening <div> tag.

<a> Anchor Element


The <a> anchor element is used to create
hyperlinks in an HTML document. The hyperlinks can <!-- Creating text links -->
point to other webpages, les on the same server, a <a
location on the same page, or any other URL via the href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit
hyperlink reference attribute, href . The href this site</a>
determines the location the anchor element points to.
<!-- Creating image links -->
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this image
</a>

<head> Head Element


The <head> element contains general information
about an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page <!DOCTYPE html>
itself. This information is called metadata and includes <html>
things like the title of the HTML document and links to <head>
stylesheets. <!-- Metadata is contained in this
element-->
</head>
</html>

<target> Target Attribute


The target attribute on an <a> anchor element
speci es where a hyperlink should be opened. A <a href="https://www.google.com"
target value of "_blank" will tell the browser target="_blank">This anchor element
to open the hyperlink in a new tab in modern links to google and will open in a new
browsers, or in a new window in older browsers or if tab or window.</a>
the browser has had settings changed to open
hyperlinks in a new window.

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Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the
indentation level of text increases once for each level <div>
of nesting. <h1>Heading</h1>
It is a common convention to use two or four

space per level of nesting. <ul>


<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>

Link to a Di erent Part of the Page #


The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to
di erent parts of the same HTML document using the <div>
href attribute to point to the desired location with <p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A
different part of the page!</p>
# followed by the id of the element to link to.
</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take
me to a different part of the page</a>

<html> HTML Element


The <html> element, the root of an HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
document, should be added after the !DOCTYPE
declaration. All content/structure for an HTML
<html>
document should be contained between the opening <!-- I'm a comment -->
and closing <html> tags.
</html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an
opening <!-- and closing --> . Content inside of <!-- Main site content -->
comments will not be rendered by browsers, and are <div>Content</div>
usually used to describe a part of code or provide
other details. <!--
Comments can span single or multiple lines. Comments can be
multiple lines long.
-->

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Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML
document between block-level elements will generally <p>Test paragraph</p>
be ignored by the browser and are not added to
increase spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather, <!-- The whitespace created by this
whitespace is added for organization and easier line, and above/below this line is
reading of the HTML document itself.
ignored by the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit


right under the first paragraph, no
extra space between.</p>

Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE
<!DOCTYPE html>
html> is required as the rst line of an HTML
document. The doctype declaration is an instruction
to the browser about what type of document to
expect and which version of HTML is being used, in this
case it’s HTML5.

<title> Title Element


The <title> element contains a text that de nes
the title of an HTML document. The title is displayed in <!DOCTYPE html>
the browser’s title bar or tab in which the HTML page is <html>
displayed. The <title> element can only be <head>
contained inside a document’s <head> element.
<title>Title of the HTML
page</title>
</head>
</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full
URL, for example: <a
https://developer.mozilla.org/en- href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Learn or a relative le path that links to US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor
a local le in the same folder or on the same server, element is an absolute file path.</a>
for example: ./style.css . Relative le paths
begin with ./ followed by a path to the local le.
<a href="./about.html">The URL for this
anchor element is a relative file path.
./ tells the browser to look for the le path from the
current folder.
</a>

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