Country Profile : China

Introduction:

China is located in Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and
South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam. It is the world’s most populous
country with 1.5 billion population and area of 9,596,961 Square Kilometers. Its vast
landscape encompasses grassland, desert, mountain ranges, lakes, rivers and 14,500km of
coastline. Beijing, the capital, mixes modern architecture with historic sites including
sprawling Tiananmen Square. Its largest city, Shanghai, is a skyscraper-studded global
financial centre. The iconic Great Wall of China fortification runs east-west across the
country's north.

China's constitution states that The People's Republic of China "is a socialist state under the
people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of
workers and peasants," and that the state organs "apply the principle of democratic
centralism." The PRC is one of the world's few remaining socialist states openly endorsing
communism.

Note: Representative map

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 Country Profile : China

Population

The Chinese population is unevenly distributed, with the eastern part heavily populated
(more than 300 persons per square kilometer) and the west scarcely populated (about 40
persons per square kilometer). The national average density of population is 119 per square
kilometer (1990 census). The average size of household is 3.7 persons. The proportion of
population aged at 0-14 was 26.4 percent, 67.3% between the ages 15-64, and 6.4% for the age
group of over 65. The average life span of the Chinese population is 70.8 years, with the
male at 68.71, and female at 73.04.

Although most Chinese still live in rural areas, China's cities are growing rapidly as people
move from rural areas to cities, seeking better economic opportunities. About 36 percent of
China's population now lives in urban areas. About 64 percent live in rural areas. Most of
the rural residents are involved in agriculture. Of the total population, 93 percent are Han
Chinese. These are the people whom non-Chinese often consider to be the Chinese.

Economy

Since the late 1970s China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more
market-oriented one that plays a major global role - in 2010 China became the world's largest
exporter. Reforms began with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to
include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for
state enterprises, growth of the private sector, development of stock markets and a modern
banking system, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China has implemented
reforms in a gradualist fashion. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-
owned enterprises in sectors considered important to "economic security," explicitly looking
to foster globally competitive industries. The restructuring of the economy and resulting
efficiency gains have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978.
Measured on purchasing power parity (PPP), China in 2015 stood as the largest economy in
the world, surpassing the US in 2014 for the first time in modern history. Still, China's per
capita income is below the world average.

After keeping its currency tightly linked to the US dollar for years, in July 2005 China moved
to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid-2005 to late 2008
cumulative appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar was more than 20%, but the
exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial
crisis until June 2010, when Beijing allowed resumption of a gradual appreciation. In 2015
the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) announced it would continue to carefully push for full
convertibility of the renminbi after the currency was accepted as part of the IMF’s special
drawing rights basket.

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 Country Profile : China

Key Economic Indicators of China during 2015

GDP
PPP $14,300 billion
Real growth 6.8%
rate
Per capita $14,300
Composition agriculture: 8.9% industry: 42.7% services: 48.4%
International
Trade
Export $2.27 trillion
Major Export electrical and other machinery, including data
Item processing equipment, apparel, furniture, textiles,
integrated circuits
Major Export US, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea,
partner
Import $1.596 trillion
Major Import electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels;
Items nuclear reactor, boiler, and machinery components;
optical and medical equipment, metal ores, motor
vehicles; soybeans
Major Import South Korea, Japan, US, Taiwan, Germany Australia
partner
Source: CIA Fact book

It is a well established fact that China has a very strong domestic as well as external sector.
China is world leader in gross value of agricultural output; rice, wheat, potatoes, corn,
peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish. Similar to Agricultural sector
manufacturing sector has also established itself in the world market. The major industrial
output are mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminium, and other metals, coal;
machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals;
fertilizers; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing;
transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, aircraft;
telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites.

India is also a major trading partner of China. India exported US$ 11,934.2 Million of goods
to China during 2014-15 while imported US$ 60,413.17 million during the same time period.
The value of Indian handicrafts export to China was US$ 49.19 million in 2014-2015 which
0.41 was percent share of the export to China.

INDIA’S EXPORTS OF HANDICRAFTS TO CHINA (2013-2015)

US$ Million
Sl. no Items 2013-2014 2014-15 Growth
rate
1. ARTMETALWARES 3.43 6.95 50.6
2. WOODWARES 2.98 6.16 51.6

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 Country Profile : China

3. HAND PRINTED TEXTILES & SCARVES 0.32 1.11 71.2

4. HAND KNITTED AND CROCHETTED
0.83
GOODS 1.43 42.0
5. SHAWLS AS ARTWARE 0.00 0.00
6. ZARI & ZARI GOODS 0.00 0.00
7. IMITATION JEWELLERY 1.04 0.54 -92.6
8. MISCELLANEOUS HANDICRAFTS 8.79 33.00 73.4
Total 17.39 49.19 64.6
Source- DGCI&S Kolkata

Trade Policy1:

China became a WTO Member on 11 December 2001. China is an observer to the Plurilateral
Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and is in the process of negotiating its
accession thereto. China's notifications to the WTO cover a wide range of agreements;
however updated notifications appear to be necessary in the area of subsidies. Between 2012
and 2013, China was involved in 4 dispute settlement cases as a complainant, 8 cases as a
respondent, and 15 cases as a third party.

In the area of trade in goods, China has continued its efforts to facilitate trade, which date
back to 2006, by launching a series of reforms, including the introduction of paperless
customs clearance procedures. However, despite these efforts, customs procedures across
the country still require harmonization. In addition, none of the trade facilitation measures
implemented so far applies to goods subject to licensing or other restrictions. The tariff
regime has not changed substantially since the last review. China's applied MFN tariff in
2013 consisted mainly of ad valorem rates (99.5% of the total number of lines). The non-ad
valorem rates comprise specific and alternate rates, and formula duties. China's average
applied MFN rate in 2013 was 9.4%, almost unchanged since 2011 and 2009 when the
average stood at 9.5%. The applied tariff continues to be higher for agricultural products
(WTO definition), at 14.8%, showing a slight decline from the averages for 2009 and 2011.
The average tariff on non-agricultural products has remained unchanged since 2009, at 8.6%.
Import licensing, restrictions and prohibitions are maintained on grounds of state security;
public morality; human, animal and plant health; environmental protection; balance of
payment reasons; and to comply with international commitments. However, these lists can
be adjusted as necessary, and imports of goods that are not included in the Catalogue can be
restricted or prohibited on a temporary basis by the relevant authorities.

1 Available at : https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/s300_sum_e.pdf

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 Country Profile : China

FACT SHEET: COUNTRY INFORMATION AT-A-GLANCE

CHINA

DETAILS
S.No. ITEMS
China is located in Eastern Asia, bordering the
East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and
1 LOCATION OF COUNTRY South China Sea, between North Korea and
Vietnam.

communist state
2 GOVERNMENT & ADMINISTRATION
Beijing
3 CAPITAL OF THE COUNTRY
Mr. Xi Jinping, President
4 HEAD OF THE GOVERNEMNT

China has a variety of temperature and rainfall

zones, including continental monsoon areas. In
5 CLIMATE AND TEMPERATURE winter most areas become cold and dry, in
summer hot and rainy.

IST+2.3 hours
6 TIME AND TIME DIFFERENCE FROM INDIA
East Asia
7 ECONOMIC REGION/ZONE
China shares border with the East China Sea,
Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea,
8 NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
between North Korea and Vietnam.

9,596,960 sq km
9 AREA COVERED
Chinese
10 OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang
11 LANGUAGE SPOKEN
1,367,485,388
12 POPULATION
Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%,
13 MAJOR RELIGION folk religion 21.9%, Hindu .1%, Jewish

220V, 50HZ
14 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM-VOLTAGE
Rail, which is the primary mode of transport,
has also been used for long distances, has
doubled in length since the mid-twentieth
century, and an extensive network provides
15 TRANSPORT SYSTEM
service to the entire nation. The larger cities
have metro systems in operation, under
construction, or in the planning stage.
The highway and road system also has gone

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 Country Profile : China

through rapid expansion, resulting in a rapid

increase of motor vehicle use throughout
China. Although China's transport system
comprises a vast network of transport nodes
across its huge territory, the nodes tend to
concentrate in the more economically
developed coastal areas and inland cities along
major rivers

Today, China is linked by an evolving network

of roads (China National Highways) and
expressways (Expressways of China). In the
past few years, China has been rapidly
developing its highway system. Between 1990
and 2003, the total length of urban roads in
China more than doubled; increasing from
95,000 to 208,000 kilometers of roads during
that period. Similarly, during the same period
of time, the total area allocated to roads more
than tripled; from 892 million square meters in
1990, to 3,156.5 million square meters in
2003. China National Highways stretch to all
four corners of mainland China. Expressways
reach the same destinations as China National
Highways, except for the rugged terrain of
Tibet

The Civil Aviation Administration of

China (CAAC), also called the General
Administration of Civil Aviation of China, was
established as a government agency in 1949 to
operate China's commercial air fleet. In 1988
CAAC's operational fleet was transferred to
new, semiautonomous airlines and has served
since as a regulatory agency.
In 2002 the government merged the nine
largest airlines into three regional groups
based in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou,
respectively: Air China, China Eastern Airlines,
and China Southern Airlines, which operate
most of China's external flights.
By 2005 these three had been joined by six
other major airlines: Hainan Airlines, Shanghai
Airlines, Shandong Airlines, Xiamen Airlines,
Shenzhen, and Sichuan Airlines. Together,
these nine airlines had a combined fleet of
some 860 aircraft, mostly Boeing from the
United and Airbus from Europe.
Airports: Beijing Capital International Airport
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
16 AIRPORTS AND PORTS
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport

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 Country Profile : China

Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport

major seaport (s): Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao,
Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin
17 MAJOR STATES Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, and Shanghai
Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Shenzhen and
18 BUSINESS CITIES
Guangzhou
19 GDP PER CAPITA $14,300
20 CURRENCY Renminbi Yuan (RMB)
21 EXCHANGE RATE (USD/ARP) 6.243 Yuan per US $ (As on March 2016)
China has moved from a closed, centrally
planned system to a more market-oriented one
that plays a major global role - in 2010 China
22 ECONOMY - GENERAL became the world's largest exporter. Measured
on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that
adjusts for price differences, China in 2015
stood as the largest economy in the world
23 LABOUR FORCE 804 million
Newspaper: China Daily , China News Digest,
China Economic Daily, and Guangming Daily
MEDIA - PRESS, TV AND OTHER SYSTEM
24 TV: CCTV-1, CHC Television, JXTVS, JXTVS
Radio: Xinwen, Gudian, Jingji, and Tongsu

Trade Development Bureau

No.82 Dong Huamen Avenue,Beijing China
Tel: (010) 65599350 Fax : (010) 65256615 E-mail :
[email protected]

China Council for the Promotion of

International Trade
1 Fuxingmenwai Street, Beijing 100860,
P.R.China
Tel: 86-10-88075000
Fax: 86-10-68011370
Email: [email protected]
http://www.ccpit.org.cn/

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION AND CHAMBER All-China Federation Of Industry &

25 Commerce
OF COMMERCE
Post: ： No.70,West Deshengmen Street,
Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100035
Email: [email protected]
Tel： 0086-10-58050738
www.chinachamber.org.cn

India China Chamber Of Commerce And

Industry -(ICCCI)
54/A,Elite Auto House,
Near Crisil House,Andheri-Kurla Road,
Andheri{East},Mumbai:400093,
Maharashtra,India
Tel No:+91-022-28259484 / 022-40056948
www.indiachinachamber.com

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 Country Profile : China

The Chinese General Chamber of Commerce

4/F., 24-25 Connaught Road, Central, Hong
Kong (MTR Central Station Exit A / Hong
Kong Station
Tel. (852) 2525 6385
www.cgcc.org.hk/en

Industrial & Commercial Bank of China

(ICBC), JP Morgan Chase & Co, China
26 BANKS
Construction Bank Corporation,
Agricultural Bank of China
Weapons, simulated weapons, ammunition
and explosives, Printed matter, films, photos,
movies, audiotapes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs,
27 BANNED ITEMS
computer storage devices and other things that
could do harm to China's politics, economy,
culture and morality
Jan 1 New Year's Day
Feb 8 Chinese New Year
Feb 9 Spring Festival Golden Week holiday
Feb 12 Spring Festival Golden Week holiday
Feb 13 Spring Festival Golden Week holiday
28 HOLIDAYS - NATIONAL/PUBLIC
Apr 3 Qing Ming Jie holiday
Apr 4 Qing Ming Jie
Apr 30 Labour Day Holiday
May 1 Labour Day
May 2 Labour Day Holiday
Jun 9 Dragon Boat Festival
Sep 15 Mid-Autumn Festival
Oct 2 National Day Golden Week holiday
Shri Vijay Gokhale
Ambassador
No. 5, Liang Ma Qiao Bei Jie,
Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
29 Embassy of India to China
Tel- +86-10-8531 2500/2501/2502/2503
Fax No. +86-10-8531 2515
Website- www.indianembassy.org.cn
Email- [email protected]
Mr. Le Yucheng
Ambassador
50-D, Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-
110021
30 Embassy of China to India
Tel: 91-11-26112345
Website: http://in.chineseembassy.org
http://in.china-embassy.org
E-mail: [email protected]
China National Tourist Office
31 TRAVEL INFORMATION www.cnto.org

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 Country Profile : China

Great Wall, Ming Tombs, Yonghe Lamasery

32 PLACES OF TOUISTS INTEREST Temple of Heaven, The Bund, Jade Buddha
Temple, Shanghai Disneyland Park
The Canton Fair 15.04 - 05.05 2016
The Yiwu Commodities Fair 13.5.2016-
16.5.2016
TRADE FAIRS AND EXHIBITIONS HELD
33 Beijing International Auto Show 25.04.2016-
RELATED TO HANDICRAFTS
4.05.2016
East China Import and Export Commodity Fair
01.03.2016-05.04.2016

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 Country Profile : China

Tariff applicable in China in 2015

China
ITC HS MFN Preferential
Description
Code rate rate
330190 ATTARS OF ALL KINDS IN FIXED OIL BASE 20 18
AGARBATTI" & OTHR ODORIFEROUS PRPNS
330741
WHICHOPERATE BY BURNING 10
OTHER ODORIFEROUS PRPNS USD FOR
330749
DEODORIZING ROOM (EXCL AGARBATTI) 10
340600 CANDLES 10
WATCHBOX JEWELLERY BOX AND SIMILAR
392310
CONTAINER OF PLASTICS 10 7
WOODEN FRAMES FOR PAINTING,
441400
PHOTOGRAPHS, MIRRORS OR SIMILAR OBJECTS 20
441900 TABLEWARE 0
442010 STATUTTES & OTHER ORNAMENTS OF WOOD 0
442090 WOOD MARQUETRY & INLAID WOOD 0
PARTS OF DOMESTIC DECORATIVE ARTICLES
442190
USED AS TABLEWARE & KITCHENWARE 0
COIR MATS & MATTING BOUND IN PARALLEL
460120
STAND
PLNTS & SMLR PRDCTS OF PLATNG MATRLS
PLATS& SMLR PRODCTS PLACD SIDE BY SIDE &
460199
BOUND TOGETHER IN FORM OF SHEETS (E.G.MATS
ETC) 9
460219 PALM LEAF BASKET ETC 9
BASKETWORK, WICKERWORK AND OTHER
460211
ARTICLES, OF BAMBOO. 9
BASKETWORK, WICKERWORK AND OTHER
460212
ARTICLES, OF RATTAN. 9
OTHER - FURNISHING
630491
ARTICLS,KNTD/CROCHETED 14
630790 DRESS MATERIAL HANDPRINTED OF SILK 14
HATS & OTHR HEADGEAR PLTD/MADE BY
650400 ASSMBLNGSTRIPS OF ANY MATRLS W/N
LIND/TRMMD
OTHER HEADGEAR, HATS, KNITTED /
650590 CROCHETTED MADE UP FROM LACES ETC W/N
LIND/TRMMD
WALKING STICKS, SEAT STICKS, WHIPS, RIDING
660200
CROPS, AND THE LIKE 10
670100 FEATHERS DUSTERS
670290 ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS ETC OF OTHER MATERIALS 21.6
OTHERS-OTHER ARTCLS OF STONES/OTHR
681599
MINRLS 17.22
OTHERS -WATER FILTERS OF A CAPACITY NOT
691190
EXCEEDING 40 LTRS. OF PORCELAIN 24.5 20
OTHER - GLSSWR FR TBL KTCHN,TOLT,OFFC
701328
INDOR DCORTION (EXCL GOODS OF HDG NO 8

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 Country Profile : China

7010/7018)

701333 OF LEAD CRYSTAL 15

OTHERS -GLSSWR FR TBL KTCHN,TOLT,OFFC
701337 INDOR DCORTION (EXCL GOODS OF HDG NO
7010/7018) 8
GLSSWR FR TBL KTCHN,TOLT,OFFC INDOR
701341
DCORTION (EXCL GOODS OF HDG NO 7010/7018) 15
GLSSWR FR TBL KTCHN,TOLT,OFFC INDOR
701349
DCORTION (EXCL GOODS OF HDG NO 7010/7018) 10
701391 OF LEAD CRYSTAL 10
711711 CUFFLINGS AND STUDS 35
711719 BANGLES 17 15.3
JEWELLERY STUDDED WITH IMITATION PERALS
711790
OR IMITATION OR SYN. STONES 35 30
OTHER HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES OF CAST IRON
732392
ENAMELLED
UTENSILS - OTHER HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES OF
732394 IRON (OTHER THAN CAST IRON)OR
STEEL,ENAMELLED 13.33
741810 OF EPNS 16
OTHER TABLE AND KITCHENWARE OF
761510
ALUMINIUM 12.67
940330 CABINETWARE 0
940350 BED STEAD 0
940360 OTHER WOODEN FURNITURE 0
940381 FURNTIURE OF WICKERWORK/BAMBOO 0
OTHER - FURNITURE OF OTHER MATERIALS,
940389 INCLUDING CANE, OSIER, BAMBOO PR SIMILAR
MATERIALS 0
940390 PARTS OF FURNITURES OF HEADING 9403 0
HANDMADE POUFFES/ARTICLES OF BEDDING,
940490
CUSHIONS ETC 10
940510 HANGNG LMPS COMPLETE FITNGS 10
940530 LGHTNG SETS OF A KIND USD FR CHRISTMS TREE 16
950510 ARICLES OF CHRISTMAS 0
950590 OTHER MAGICAL EQUIPMENTS 0
960190 WRKD MOTHR OF PEARL & ARTCLS THEROF 20
WORKED VEGETABLE CARVING MATERIAL &
960200
ARTICLES THEREOF 17.75
BROOMS & BRUSHES,CONSTNG OF TWIGS/OTHR
960310 VGTBL MTRLS BOUND TOGTHR,WTH/WTHT
HNDLS 25
BUTTONS OF BASE METAL NOT COVERED WITH
960622
TEXTILE MATERIAL 15
SMOKING PIPES (INCLUDING PIPE BOWLS) &
961400 CIGARS AND CIGGERATE HOLDERS AND PARTS
THEREOF
970110 MADHUBANI PAINTINGS(ON TXTLS) 8.67

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 Country Profile : China

DOMESTIC ARTICLES OF WOOD HAND

970190
DECORATED 14
970200 ORIGNL ENGRVNGS,PRNTS & LITHOGRPHS
970300 ORIGINAL SCULPTURE & STATUARY IN METAL 6
970500 STUFFED ANIMALS & BIRDS (TAXIDERMY) 0
ANTIQUES OF AN AGE EXCDNG ONE HUNDRED
970600
YRS
HANDBAGS OF OTHER MATERIALS EXCLUDING
420229
WICKER WORK OR BASKET WORK 20 14
420231 JEWELLERY BOX - SURFACE OF LEATHER 10 6.9
420239 JEWELLERY BOX - OTHER SURFACE OF LEATHER
480210 HAND MADE PAPER 7.5
PRODUCT CONSISTINGS OF SHEETS OF PAPER/
482390 RBORD, IMPREGNGTED,COTED OR COVERED WITH
PLASTICS 7.5
580430 HAND MADE LACE 10
HAND WOOVEN TAPESTRIES HAND MADE OR
580500 NEDDLE WORKED BY HAND, OF COTTON -
EMBRODIERY 12
580810 BRAIDS, IN PCS OTHER THAN OF COTTON 10
EMBORIDERY IN THE PIECE, IN STRIPS OR IN
581010 MOTIFS - EMBRODIERY WITHOUT VISIBLE
GROUND 10
581092 EMBROIDERY BADGES, MOTIFS AND THE LIKE 10
581100 KANTHA - EMBROIDERY
ENSAMBLES OF WOOL OR FINE ANIMAL HAIR -
610431
CROCHETTED 16 11.7
611710 SHAWLS OF WOOL 14 9.3
640610 EMBROIDERED UPPERS OF TEXTILE MATERIALS 15 13.2
TABLEWARE OF BONE CHINA AND SHOFT
691110
PORCELAIN 9
CERAMIC TABLEWARE (E.G. OF IMITATION
691200
PORCELAIN/OR SEMI-PORCELAIN) 10
691310 STATUETTES ETC OF PORCELAIN/CHINA 15
OTHER STATUETTE ETC (EXCL OF PORCLAIN
691390
/CHINA 15
691410 OTHER CERMC ARTCLS OF PORCELAIN / CHINA 24.5
OTHER CERMC ARTCLS EXCL OF PORCELAIN /
691490
CHINA 10
700992 OTHR GLASS MIRRORS, FRAMED 12 10.8
701810 BANGLES 10
701890 GLASS STATUE OF OTHR ARTCLE OF HDG 7018 10
702000 GLOBES FOR LAMPS & LANTERNS 8.72 8.01
711311 SILVER FILLIGREE WORK 20 16.5
UTENSILS ARICLES OF COPPER ALLOYS
741999
ELECTROPLATED WITH NICKLE SILVER 12.5 11.75
830621 OTHER ORNMNT PLTED WITH PRCS METAL 8
830629 OTHR STATUETTES(EXCLUDING WORKS OF ART) 8

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 Country Profile : China

830630 PHOTOGRPH,PICTURE/SMLR FRAMES,MIRORS 8

830890 IMITATION ZARI SPANGLES 10.5
920290 OTHER STRING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 17.5
920590 FLUTES 16.1
PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (E.G.
920600 DRUMS, XYLOPHONES, CYMBOLS, CASTENETS,
MARACAS) 17.5
940550 HURRICANE LANTERNS 20
PEN HOLDERS PENCIL HOLDERS AND SIMILAR
960899
HOLDERS 19.83
830610 BELLS GONGS AND THE LIKE 8
482370 ARTICLE OF PAPER MACHIE 7.5
640320 KOLAPURI CHAPPALS AND SIMILAR FOOTWEAR 24
Source: WIS, TRAINS

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