TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

6.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous chapter, we have learnt about various trigonometric ratios and relations
betweenthem.In thischapter, we willprovesome trigonometric identities,and usethem to
prove other useful trigonometric identities.

6.2 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

We know that an equation is called an identity if it is true for all values of the variable (s)
involved. Forexample,

xz - s= (x - 3)(x + 3)' and

tl -'l-\' - !! * ? - a=!\x - c! *(L -'!\.!' o! = 1
(c-a)(c-b) (a-b)(a-c) (b-c)(b-a)
are algebraic identities as they are satisfied by every value of the variable x.
In this section, we will discuss some trigonometric identities. We may define the term
trigonometric identity as follows.
DEFINITION An equation inaoloing trigonometric ratios of an angle 0 (safl is saiil to be a
trigonometric identity if it is satisfiedfor alloalues of 0 for which the gioen trigonometric ratios nre
defined.

For example, cos2 e - 1.* o = cos e(.*, - i is a trigonometric identity, whereas

.)
)
e
"* [.ort - I2) = o is anequation.
\
Also,' sec0 = ': isatrigonometric identity,becauseitholdsforallvaluesofqexceptfor
1

cosO
which cos 0 = 0" For cos 0 = 0, sec 0 is not defined.
Inthis section, we shall establish some fundamental trigonometric identities and use them
to obtain some more identities.
THECI?EM, Prooe that sin2 0 + cos2 e = 1.
PROOF The following three cases arise:

In this case, we have

' sin 0 = sin 0o = 0 and cos0 = cosOo = L

sin2e+cos2e=o+1=1
6.1
 62
MATHEMATICS-X

CASEII When$=90
In this case, we have
sin0 = sin9ff = landcos0 = cosgf = 0

, sin20+cos2o=1+0=1
CASE III When 0 is an acute angle
l-et
!)UY be the grven acute angle. Let Pbe any point on
=
the terminal side AYother than A. Draw perpendicular pM
fromPontheinitiatrsidei{X ' .

[nAI{IIP,wehave
sino= !4 *ra *o= AM
AP AP
Mx
+ (sino)2 +(cosr, =(#)' .(#l Fig.6.1

=+ sin2o+cos2e= *.* [.'(sin0)2 = sin2 0 and (cos0)2 = cos2 0l

AP' AP'
=+ sin2e + cos2o =
'Y#
=+ sin2 e + e=
41 t eme is a right angled trianglel
l': PMz
"or, AP2 l:. + AM2 APz = J
=) sin2o+cos2e=L
Thus, inall the three cases, wehave
sin20+cos2g= 1
Flence, sin2 0 + cos2 0 = 1 for all values of variable 0.
ngYanS.! Note that sin2 0 is the square of the sine of angle 0t. Similarlycos2 0 is the square of the
cosine of the angle 0.

.-l
REMARK2 ltfollowsfromtheaboaeiilentitythat sin20 = 1-cos20 and gsszo 1-sin20
=
THEOREM2 Proaethnt sec2e = 1+ tan2e
PROOF In the right angled triangle AMp (Fig. 6.1), we have
AM2 + MP2 = Ap2 tBypythagorasTheoreml
:+ AM2 + Mp2 Ap2 .

;- = AM
----.--
AM, [Oiriair,g both sides Ay Mr)
-
AM2 Mp2 Apz
lr-M -M
_a_
- A

= 1+tan20=sec20 t...tano=ffiandsecr=#7
Hence, 1+tan20=sec2e
Q'ED'
REMARKI It fotlowsfromthe abooeiitentitythat:
sec2 o - tan2 o = 1 and,sec2 e - 1 = tan2 o
 Irre€NoMf'Iff C IDENTITIES 6.3r

11
Also, secO + tanO =
*.01,""e
and' secO - tan0 =
,""e * turr0

THEOREMS Proaethatcosec20 = 1+ cot20.

FRooF In the right-angled triangle z{MP (Fig. 5.1), we have
AMz + MP2'; N2 . [UsingP]thagirrdsTtrboreml

+ ANIT + MPz 4P' [Dividing both sides by MP2 I

MP2 = MPz
ANT2 I'iP2 AP2
+ W*W=W
+ ( _, ( AP\,
M\. *t=l.rr.,l
["rJ
+ cot20+1=cosec20 f'.'-, g=M
MPand coaece=gl
L MP)
Hence, 1 + cot2 e = cosec2 0
I rt
Q.ED.
' BEMABK2 ltfolluosfromtheabaoeidmtitythat: ',,

. cosec2e-cot20=1and,cosec2e.l+cotxo :

Also, cosec0+cot0 cosec0 - cotO

andcosec0=cst0 = .-4
-.
cosec0 + cotO
THEOREUI 4 F or any acute angle , proae the following idenlities:
i
0

(ii) cot0- =
cos0
(i) trre=si'O
cos 0
"*,
PROOF FromFig.6.l,wehave

AP' AP' AM PM
. (i) Wehavs
tane=
14
"AM:,i.
' + rang !oy!Y),
' = (AMIAP [oiviaingNumeratorandpeporainarorby AP)
)

thO ['.'sine - PM o']

:+ ture = L AP andcoso =
AP)
cos 0
Q.E.D.
- (ii) Wehave,
cot0 - --"
PM
( AM\
+ coto=# t_t
[niviang Numeratorand Denomirrator by AP]

lep )
 6.4
. MATHEMA.TICS-X

+ cote =
cI9 I-... cos o =
AMano sul u^ PM1
sino L.-""- 4p =
Ap l,
Hence, tan 0 = th 0
cot 0 = Sos
t
cos e"rrd sin 0

The aQooe identlties and pome more identities obtained

from the aboae ideintities fu)erfgr**g9:ri,
algebraic operatioms tike aitdition, subtraction are tistld below
reaiy reference. for
(i) sin2 g + cos2 e'= 1 (ii) cos20=1-sin20
(iii) sin2O= 1-cos2e (rv) 1+tan2e=sec2e
(v) sec2o-tan2o=1 (vi) sec20-1=tan20
(vii) f +cot20=cosec2g (viii) cosec2 0 - cot2 CI.= L
(ix) cosec2o-1=cot2o (x) seco + tane
' sec0 - tanO
(xi) cosec 0 + cotO =
cosec 0 - cot0

Hy#fr" ,!:.P\-n::oedtheaboaeidmtitiesforanac.ute-qngle0.But,theseidentitiesaretruefor
anyangleglorwhichthetrigonometricratiosaie:meaningful. i ,. ,rr;",rr
4
,

REMARK ln this book, we shall deal mainly with acute angles.

ExAMptElprooethefouo-,;';;::#*r7ori,l#"'"
(r) (1 - sin2 0) sec2 e =I (ii) cos2 o (t + [an2 o) = 1

(iii) cos20+ 1= =1 (iv) 11

L + cot'0 1+s.ine. =zsec2o
-;*
(v) cosec20 + sec2e = cosec2esec2e . [CBSE 2001]
soLUTroN (i) wehave,
LHS = (1 - sin2 0) sec2 0

LHS = cos2osec20
['.'t-sin2o=cos2e]
LHS =.or'e[-f-') ['.'*.e 1I
=cosel
\coste/ 1
LHS=1=RHS
(ii) Wehave,
LFIS = cos2 o 11 + tan2 e;
:+ LHS = cos2 O sec2 e
['.'1+ tan2o = *.ro]
= LHS *' "t cos2eJ
=.orre[l-')
+ ['*'=*]
LHS=1=RFIS
I,l
al

(iii) Wehave ,:l.rr,Ei gy{ r.l ,fr{s:; .i ,t 6q

LHS=cosze+--1-.:- . i*:* *
S.ii33 ,* i:iri.,j
1+ cot'0 :-?
.. 1, Jtii:
+:. l:,
LHs =aop2g+-l.=-
I' :r3+i'Lit: [..., *cot2o = cosec?e]
, COSeC20
I 'l.tji :., -"y.1n0? - r) " ,p: = ?l-*.I ,."

+
ii- .
= i{'
LHS=.Qo620+sin20=tr-,.-
.,'=: :i S , r.. {:: {l;;,.-rv.tr gi. ,(,"i* '_ii
l'L -i: = sinol
aqgec-e
L}IS=l=RFt3'..: . r!!,jli .r J* t tH"I J

(rv) Wehave,

LHS=, '
1+sin0 l*sin0
+ LFIS =
1 - sinO + 1+ sinO
(1 + sinO) (1 - sin0) i*
I:xee * ili{i1.i5ar + riruer}n8tro
.'3
rq.r)
= :,--!, - I Z: t.). .r.r1 -. f. tfi r
=9 LHS =

t
:+ LHS = cos2"e
',
i , -.r

' : '1"... .'il '

., -' ,a* "
. -t'i,.., ,:,1
+ LHS = 2sec20 =RIIS -i

(v) Wehave,
LFIS=cosec2O+sec20

:+:,. LHS =
- =+* _-L-
difl.€ l* 466te ii ,j.r :

,)
cos2-0 + si{r2 0
=+ LHS =
cos2 e sin:0
li -:!rI .
i:l{,i {'r;
ya-l _iii.

EXAMPI"E 2 Prove t]wtfoilauing kiponet?ic idtrrrtitiw : l'iti

(i) cot2o - -1- = -r

sin'0
(S {t-"+.4r2 O) (t + sin, O) e -: sin 0) = t
(i,,) rt + cotz 0)1. .. .; ")(i , cos Q) =1
ii
, ,.J .,.. . ,r''ii1;rj ,,.,, fr;5.,E .,. il:i.:l;i .: : .. .
^1 ;
(i\') t.rnz0--i^ =-1
cos'e
 g!.1-'':
li::::1'€
:Yiir::-"lP.i.1i,l ,

r:_ 'i1. i r:r;i :. ;

6S
. ; 1.,t.:a. )'
g.JLUTION (t) Wetuve, jr*srte,W {#:
r-* $'+J;r - {lft.l
LFIS=co*o-*L
sfor'0
::r' -'+
$ -1u.. + f
:'1 !
i'
, l+'
s
.''r-' il!':,,'',. * ,.] :
f .' I '::*-"-+Bsrfle*tI-LI, *
l ,{
0r'-rserc. 1... -' *cgeOl
:+
ti:
LIIS = cd'0 - co€cz 0 L Eino J
i lt li = l

qi " ,im";
?i3€8u, l
-t = RI,{S
(tl) Wehave,
.er,,ef{c\F{ {ri}
li!{
*ai,*e::t
-#r:re,-t *, fiH-$
#srie+f
LFIS = (t + an2 O) l0 + ainO)(1 - sin0)l
Sn;e+l+8nie*I ,.<rr,
ff ".'., xxi.ffi g (t + at'S (t - *rss) ffinrii- ll{Snia. ti
,'
'rrr,
, '',Ltr*S =
gc+S'oez0 ['.'r +m3$*i .t_*g[g=.*'rJ
S 'nr+ I
4 LIIS = **u'g t*
ir:' -. i: rn cP$:P -;* '-
dl{l
t:i ^ s"*t"i
e- '

r'.'ceg
+l! ** - I,FXS=I=RFIS |
--:;.'. s(re={l
= cs.0 |
' H-Flfl = S r:Fr! * illlj &
ffi'{&rarc, i '

:i: ,I,rS=(fieof q$-'66€)0+' S) -, ,' '*veritl$ {v}

St"r*a + t]
*>*es: +i lJ
=
:E} LHS = 1t +cot2O)(f -dflf'0) . :t ..

* LIS = c Osin20 ["..

n r#er@*$&rffi * rd,*' ol

=* LFIS = ssc'0i{nee t'5.F-:3'*:i * aHJ

$l*l*lis*'a+r
LHS = -i-sin2e
sfot'0

r+ LHS=1=ry{s,
(iY) Wehave,

LFIS=tan2e--l
coe'0

LHs = tan2o-secro
f,I*it'

tHS = -1= RHS [.; r + #'di= oco + tan2e'-

ii], = -iJ
: ' ti *:tr;:l
,..* ].T
SSre6}fi'*ETR|e{DENTITIES ag

EXAM?I E s Prooe tlvfollouting trigonometriiidentitia:

(i), sin0
-----, = cocec0+cote
1 - cos0

(iii) coto-rano=#
: ), - .. : - :

SoLUTION (i) Weliave i;iar.:,"; * r:ie

*Ii:,:
=1-sino
:.,i1',1.11
LHS i i. - ii
osO ii;.:r:i i! ;:t:,

+ sinO * cos0) (1+ atorardl

LFIS =(1 -coo0) (1 +cos6) + cco)fl
L1r,..1,.1-.i
..1:r1n: i r;:
:+ LHS = -
sinQ (1 + gose)
*t*:"r - ji il:. : " ;:ili.il
l-cos2e
.ilr;,", . {.t ;i., i,;-i.
:+ LHS =*H#t ) iii,5':iig;l,1 &ru,g ilflil-.*Ie = rinziii:
..t', -1i 1-:y:r
1+-9oeo , ri1;tr."j,: i'l {id;r t::
=r LHS =
sin0
,i,: - .,..,. ,
1-i 1l';
LHS= 1
iJ .rrli;1 3 '::;-11' j +
+ einO .
coso
sinO
1i ;51;3 ii ;i ; -

+ LHS.= cosec 0 + cot

(ii) Wehave,
i. ]':.j r tl ,:--"? i . "'
hrO + sin&,
LFIS =
tan0 - sin0 j"f i:] t:i ii i li.,, :i

sin0
+ srnu
LHS = cosO .
-sin0 - slnu
, ' r-l r.
-
LHS =
t, r{: : ti rT

1 iirii;-..J.
-'- ,:.
rl
^r
^ i
LHS = cqsO' = -E!0+1 = RFIS ,:i;ll;.: :

I r sec0-1
cos0 ij;sle i ....,,
. :. =_i I i

i,i*,r"i I il'rr; r
$8 ** fi TT!{}rJl\im$ltiltsltfi*ffi*X

(iii) Wehave, ,.,r1:iri:ik;!t':xti:;;it:?iXt ';ti;.*l''l.l:1.;*'u{ti.;'..i,-a:':i I ,t,t:ttdj.fi..;i.ri

LHS j eot0.+: Qrrei: i ti::ili Sxrx .,-

rii;
-"ilot
iiir,.} | {}:*;r* =, ::.*'- - \
ii:-i:.
sifid*' - sin2 o
,

LHs= ",iltr'q cosO sin 0cos

---- rpin0 0
. ....--. ..--,." -=
x j.:lJi:,); rii:sJ il,ii
,rr'ttd&*$- (r -coC2e) sin0 cos0
cos2o-l+coszo
LHS =
sin0cos0
. ;,,r
ei
(iv) Wehave,
LHS=tanO-cot0
LHS= sin0 cos0 -
sin2 0 cos2 e
;, ,u ,,. ,;llB*. ;.@0 sin0 sin0cosO
-=
LHS =
sin2e-(t-sin2o)
sin0 cosO
.)
= LHS=sinzo-1+sinze
sin0 cos0

!+ LHS=2sin2o-1=RHS
i ) r,5 *,:fil,ii $: :;: irlX] $. *i .;s;tc.;.t; ... .ji, 1,'a
EXAMPLE q' .

Proaethe idcntities:
* ut
h - sinO
(,) tiil *t
{;;6 = seco - tano
rffie* "e,T-$.e,.j 9:' :''t
SOLUTION (i) Wehave,

' iii'il i'

LIIS = irt

':'''
- *::i+ -
1-sinO
-sin..0x.,--+- by (r sin 0)l
IIIS = IMultiptying and -
1+sin0 1-sin0 ,'i
:
i; i
1 :i eqt:1
i:
LHS =
{ 6rr-- ln
I I - .-- ''
I iill':

LHS = i 3_11=: i., .

-.-. l,i;-:i i
I - ii:r.;.
+ 1 sino - seco- tano = RHS i I 1::; r,":
LHS =cosO- cosO
TRIGOI$Olrffi TRTIIDENTffiES 6..9

(ii) Wehave,

LHS =

1+aosCI. 1tao60 f frrfdfiptying artd dividing within ttrel

LHS =
1-cos0 1+cos0 [squar6 root sign by (1 + I cos0)
'
i , r:tl'''r' r:: -i! :. .- tt ,

LHS =

i :'l I 'i-. i

LHS =

IIIS= L cose 1il' I

:+ ^ +III-I=cosece+cot0=RFIS
-
sin0 sin0
EXAMPLE s Prooe the follozoing identities:
(i) (sin0 + co6ec0)2 + (cosO + sec 0)i ='7 + tin2016s126.
"1
i''r cBsE2000l

(ii) (sine + sec0)2 + (cosO + cosecO)2 = (1 + sec0 cosec 0)2 leBsE2m0cl

- .i:.;.ir.. ] . -"_i j--,
cose
(iii) (coseco - coto)2 = 1- lNcERr,CBSE2000Cl
1 + cos0

(iv) secao-sec20 = tan4o+ tan2e

(v) 2sec2e-sec40-2cosec2e+coseca0=cot40-hn4e -. .
tcBsE 20001

SOLUTION (i) Wehave

LFXS = (sin0 + cosec0)2 + (cos0 + sec0)2

+ 1115=(sin20+cosec20+2sin0cbeec0),+(cos?d+s,ec,20+2cos0sec0)
r'.-: '
(
{ LHS=l sin2e+cosec2g+zri.e-L'l +( cos2o+sec2g+zcosg-L']
\- sinO/ \ cosO/
) " . . -).

LHS = (sin2 0 + cosec2 0 + 2) + (cos2 0 + sec2 0 + 2),

)

+ ;ri
:

['.'"*""20 = 1+ cot2o,l
=t LHS = 1+(1+cot20)+(t+ tan20)'+ 4 L*r, = I + jitan20
'_l

+ LHS = 7 +lan20+cot?,O= &HS , :,..;,.. , ,, ..i

(ir) Wehavg' . l.; r.. ,::,. :r
i r,,,, i , ri .,.... ,.; i

LFIS = (sin0 + sece)2 + (cos0 + cooec0)2

 a

6.10
-
( 'rs..-1-l* +(coso*f )'
+ 111s =
[stu coso / \. sino /
* LHS = sinz e * -j-
cos'o ry
+
cosg ..
+ cos2 r;-+.
6in'0 i +#
$lllu
'-
:

+ LHS =(sin20+cob2r.[.*."#J)rr[#-ff8)
:. i irc t l;: ,1.. i'

+ LHS=(sin2o+cos2r.[*#J.,ffixP i

=+ ;1 ; *,--3
LHS=I+sin2Ocos2etiiiiOcoe$'1-1 :i'rei;:':'ii
" :
.

:+ LIrs =[r. *fo,f;g-*r#il:.:ilil"

(iiil,Wehavc ,. .:, ,

,i,,i.r. , :,(".q.0 - cot o)2

( 1 'cos0\2
=+ LHS=l-.------
sinO sine
I

\ /

=5
' LHS=(r-coset'
tsino )
(1-c9s0)2 (l-cos-0f
+ LHS = =
sin'0' 1-cos'0 ; [:.,sin2(i= 1-cos20l
'

(1-
cqso)' ,,, = _Lsot = RHs
:3 LHS =(1 -cos0)(1 +cos0) 1 +cos0
(iv) Wehave, !" , "
LFIS=secno-sec20
:

+ LHS = sec2 e 1sec2 o - 1;

=+ IIIS = (l + tan2e)(l+ tan2o- i [:'sec2g';1+ an2OI
+ LHS='(1+tan20)an20=tan2g,tta9!0"lRH$ , .o i, : . ,..;.F:t.i i
(v) Wehave
LHS = 2sec20-sec40-2coseczgi'doggtc6:r;,: :'."u,'"; . "''i"iri
-:': '''':" ;.'':
+ LHS = (coseca0-2cosec20)-(sec'0-2sec20)
.i1i
, ii.,,:; .r : 'j.,::,,3::.t. ,i :11 ".
.....:,, ,:"i.:._;

+ LHS = (cceca 0 - 2cosec2 0 + 1) - (ton e - z sec? e + t)

irRI@ *s'
LHs = (coeec2e-1F -(sec2e-t)2 !-iri.o:: '" i i*ry;: - - r".
=+ - l-.:-- " -
-. X -..---...-..--..-, *.i{i
r,iis,::; '- i i-i*+:; + {
LHS = (cot2 O)2 - (tan2e)2
-iil;*11 - l',
Lal
-tl].i';
: .-
-
i Lfig -
!i5': =rco$ 0 - ta*l9 = RHS tt *;rra ti'ar:'i -- i
(vr) Proceed as in(ii) parL
EXAMPLE 6 Prooe thelotlwing idmtittu;: ,', tli,i
6) -tI?=(seco-tano)2
1+ sin0 _,:_ ; {1 lr*
qri iile
(D = (coceco - coto)2
i;#3 ili"'',.*a".:", rrilJ
.".:f"u.'Qil ' ri,r.'
lv'v + cos0
cos0 '""", =2.sgc8
\-'
(iii)
1+ sin0
1- sino 1+sinO
1-sinO .::-fi*". * $ar:.'
*YS, .-.. rili.l l

,i:i!.e+1 *virlt"-t
lrv) sinA +ccA sfrn.e -casA 2 2
sinA-cosA serffi*ffiil*r* . tii., €
i***: * fi{&rue.- I't
tcBs* ;26oCI
(v) (emc0 - sino)(s*ea -€o6,orcffi*:w l!ry9*.? :'ir.'?: , ;,i ; r
-+-
(vi) sin0 - 2sin30
i-'I=:i--'i rtan0
I ' '2g1iPg,j.,.cod$l
*"SW"prsrW
t! -d{..'.
soLUTIOll (i) Y&have
1- sin0
k
LHS =
1+ sinO l!r I

1- sine x 1- sin0
.
=) LHS =
1+sin0 1-sin0
eT.e)'?
=+ LHS = {1,:
1-sin20

i. ... i " Ue(* *,' ,'I -.ir' ,l.r'L;-;" ji . lpll

!5 ,"'att3 ;{.f I sine
f & i:lr;r'l-; -' A.::.'Lli
\ coe0 )
{' d\
-

ilns : f A-#91'r*, {-'- :- ;, - *-"r,;,

t c*0 cos0 / .3"':r;C*fJ {:1;

(ii)
,.B--rh::*--l

'sse i ,ffiI,ffti$ SS*

r
.'

r.
1-cosO*1-cos0 *t:
- {, '..rrlj -' tii -
..
!tdrr*,:}
LHS= S
" Ci-t I F
1+cosO l-cos0 . .. i..
' s{* $lr**;r-
- riq} rr,;i} ** dF{'i *r
(r -cos.o)2 (1-cosg)2
LHS =
cosz 0
- Qi*ri * {} }r:*: - c tr', .1,-SR}0 = sin@
1 - sin2 o
.*tqq ili3 riixq ixr*:*di tlvi
LHS =
1- cose r.*tt1, i*rr ptffiir1liilt1ltri "r ir-adq d gJt&r!,a dg
|, 12
( sin0 )
tiii;,,1 $11"4:.
,j rrit _ i
- ; ir,
LHS=[ 1 -coso'12
:,.:.
tr flf$a "i i

I sinO sinO / r ,.. S+r+ - i

LHS = (cosecO
'i*** * *::*s::i = Illi** -J
's-, (;i;
=a - cot0)2 = RHS His)? ' i
(iii) Wehave,
ii
LFIS= coso * f*o ti
t - sln$ t+ sin0
-Y-:\? ('.'i!
:+ LHS = I*wTr!48*9Iryl;FfH:
l*:+ i;,i* ,t;,$*-i3*&ilt G l sinG)(1 +Hh$)
q
cose + cose s-ine + qgsg-&sQqiqgr)
LHS =
1- sinz0
{ti*sn - ti .q,} t{} iei;; * 8 *x :: \,i
i.#,;. 5a* .,I*i,*d,: ?tCbs e
l.ftS =
cos2 g
.r3

* 2..
LHS = ms0 =2 sec$ = RHS
(iv) Wehave,
sin.4 + cosr{
L*IS = * sinA - cosA
sinA-cosA'sinA+coszt

LHS =
(sinA+mdf +Find-omAF
(sinA - cooA)t$hd+m*) -'

H$':. ,' l;Lffi = {j:

(1+2sinAcosA)+(1-2sinAcuA) -l(l- ii,,;oa.Lts -

LHS =
ffi l;f,,,f'b}3'4*Fc2/t =..lJ

_et:
(v)
LIIS = (coqec0 - sinCI) (sec0 - mog}(ffi 4s ., S mei .- *i.::J #
{ri}
;TRIIBII@IEilSIC IDENTITIES
613
-
=+ LHS=|,r-ri'rl[r-cos'ze)f sin2e+cosre) ri,
., ;:,i_i
( sin0 lt cosO iin0+cos0 J
^ I ' i rt- r:r..! ' |t.r,r:t:'. t'.'tiiifd}cou2e
sing cosg sin,cO,66,' 1 ='til
sinlocoslg t'" j,,:ii:l: .1.'i111: tli::
:+ LHS = ., ;:isf
sin'Ocos'e=r'='ntot
.ur.
- J j'
(vr),,Iflehave, -, l

rrc
rUD- _ sin0 - 2 sin3 0
2coo3 O - cosO

+ LHS _ sin0(1-2sin20)
cos0 (2 cp92 e - t;
-i::j'-n +' i '

:+ ,ir, rr - io
LHS = -*rieir
cos0(2cos2e-l;
sino(2cos2o-1)
=+ LHS =
*re(z*Fe-u =tano=RFIS
EXAMrLE 7 Proae thefollowing identities:
/r\
U,
sinO tanO
l._cos' f*ffi = sec0cosece+cofO-"-
(u) -+-sin0 1 + cosO r. :. .r .;r: r ..,,i,,
t+co,se* ,i.e =2coseco .
i.r,.-::il ..
.,,
,
1.1 I ,,. ".[€BSE2000CI

-
tanO cotO
tiii) ffi=sec2O-cosec2o=tan2o-cot2e " "' ,
t-i I
ii i:r'ij'l l:,.ji:.:
1,
(rv) iii::
sec'-tafi=sec0+tan0 .'i: r -.i,,, ...:,:-:i: i.- i::'..
lji:i ,ri
r'!.;1 .., ir!.:.1.r- . -::r.,-i.,.
SeCo_tano
t"l ffi=1-2secotano+2tan2o : ..,,i i "t *
fl, ,,: r.i

, ., tanO+secO-1 _ 1+sinO
tan0-secO+1 'lttsidfuiriil
co60 t: ,t -
i:'r ii:
cotA+cosecA- 1 _ 1+ecA
16; ,. i:! i,
.
-. j r 'rf. :

.: :;:i-', I
,..,.
,i
: l

(tiii) tho
' cotO,sho = 2*
+ cosec0 cot0 - cosecO
- ii ',r:,: _ ,.plCBSE 20001

(ix) - 1
(cosecO sin0) (sec0 - cosO)
' = tan0, + cofO
sOLUnoN (i) Wehave, :i{.,r

LHS= sinO * tan0

1-cosO 1+cos0
6}i[ i :: iif,t: ;. : JitA&IE*hTG;-x

sin0 i ,. .8h0 ,. r -;r,r .j .j'

LHS = 1- cos0* co&0,(1 ,
: .:
+ co$Q) i,,, ; i .. , .

;+ rulg-Lrq _ sinOcosO(1 + cos0) + sin0(1 -qo6e) :,

r-.-:',,: , cos0(l-cos0)(1+cqp0) .
ir
-
,
i!:.

''' :1": ' -"''i

r rrc _ sin0cos0 + sinOcos2 0 + sin0 - sin0cosO .

cosO (1 - cos'e; '-:''' i - , , -. . l. l. -. '' i"'i

!i 'r:; ij i.ir.:

sinOcos20+sinO
LHS = [.'1 - ce?€'= sin? 0]
cosO sin2 0
;t.i . - f;;::., .... i
sino cosl o
+ LHS =
0+ --sino =-
a-: r: ' ;.)

cos0 sin' cos0 sin'0 ' -,. I , i:l .,i:..

S"tg* .+- - =cot6+cosecgS€cg= RFiS''" "

LHS =
sin0 sinOcos0
(it Wehave, -
i';I'i:
IJ{S= sinO *I+cos0
rrrc _ sin2e+(1+cos0)2
sin0 (1 + cosO) " it11

sin2o+1+2cos0+cos1e i, ,r-l
+ LHS =
sin0(1 + cos0)
(sin2 o + cos2o) + 1 + 2coso
LFIS =
=)..:r..r.L
sinO (1 + cos0)

LHS
1+ 1+ 2cos0 :
= sin0 (1 + cos0)
:i

IJ:IS =
2+ 2coo0 2(1 + coe0)
sin0(1 + cosO) sin0(1 + cosO)
-=
,
IJ:[S = :- ] = 2cosecO = RHS
i sin0
(iii) WBhave, i: I

sino cosg sin2 e - cos2'0

tanO-cot0 coso- rino _ sirittge0r
LFIS= =
sin0 cosO sin0 cooO ccd'siri€
sin2_e-cog1e tq"
LHS _ 'j .:
:r ,

sin2 o coo2 e

' sin2 0
-,

-_ ;t"ro;;to
:tri.i. I
,ro
,urr cos2 o
-;r"T;;tT
 IT
: -,,
?RI@I\fiOM$Me.IDENTMES

+ LHS = -L--1-
cos2 0 sin2 o
:+ LHS=sec2e-cosec2e :

+ LHS = (t + tan2 e) - (1 + cot2 0)

=+ LHS = tan2 0 - cot20 = RHS,;,1:

(ro Wehave,

LIIS =
secO - tane

LHS= 1 xsece+tane
sec0 - tan0 secO + tane
seSo + tan-o
+ LHS =
+ LHS = secO + tan0 = RFIS
(v) Wehave,

:1 ,,LHS - sec$':- tanQ

sec$*:tcrtO
r rra = secO - tanOY' secO - tang
: ' !-!1:
sece + tanO sec0 - tan0

+ IIIS- =
(sec_o- tang)2 _f.ri-.!_i1,i a

sec2 e - tan2 o
- -i4i:a1'r."} , :

=+ :..-{:,.,::i ' i"'

:,'
+ :. :: u':
."r r i..
,

.,

:+
(vi) Wehave, . ",.'.,,. l
t:.ii " ,

tan0+secO-1
LHS= -.
tan0 - secO +

:+ LHS -
(tan0 + secO) - 1
f:i':
(tano - seco) + t ,,;.,.., ,- ,:.,

+ (sece + hno) - (sec2 o - tan2 o)

LHs - tan0-sec0+1

+ rr^
r!HS- (sec0 + tane) - (sec0 + tanO)(sec0 -
tan0-sece+1. ""gi.,
r r.rc (sec0 + tane)[ - (qece - tane)l
-
tan0-secO+1
 .\

"6.16

-
:+ rut-Lrc _ (secO + tanO) (1 - secO + tane)
(tan0-sec0+1)
:+ rrrc _ (sec0 + tan0) (tane - secO + 1)
(tan0-sec0+1)
+ LHS=sec0+tan0
:+ LHS =
1 * sino - 1+sino ;.i.1 .
cosO cosO cos0 =RHS
ALITER Wehave,
tan0+sec0-1
Lt15 =
tane-sec0+1
(sec0+tan0)-1
LFIS =
tane-secQ+1 i: i: _ _ _ -l .. ir
,r:!j

1
- r - .: ..1 1, I
LFIS = t*6- i | '.'secO + tang =' ' ' I
""0
tan0-sec0+1 Li sec0 - tan0l
lt,'' ,: "1i.1 !ri..1, I ,, iji,i,,1 .:

LHS='1;sec0+tan0, 1

tane-sec0+1 sece-tan0 ,, ,1r ...i1i ::.

I}nS = sec0+tan0
[1...-=sec
' 1 e+t"rrel
sec0 - tan0 I secO- tane J
LHS= 1 *sino- 1+ sino
= RHgia
' r.)rr r.' :
cos0 cosO cos0
(vii) Wehave,
cotA + cosecA - 1 ,.' ..-..,
LFIS =
cotA-cosecA+l r:'ri ii,:'. I' .

LHS =
(cotA + cosecA) - (cosec2il +lciot2-:i{*,' . ..,, , - i.":;, .- :"i:i i
i .. @,..,,.. .,,f,,,.T'4,-got'A= u
r Lrc _ (cosecA - (cosecA + coth) (cosecA
+ cotA) - cotA)
COtA;e6See,flrry.:!;.
(cosecA + cottt) [1 - (cosecA - cotA)l
LHS =
cotA-cosecA+1 , ,:t:,r. : j.,.!i,
rulurro _ (cosecA + cotA) (cot A - co6ec A + 1)
-
(cotA-cosecA+1)
' ! t:l.
LHS=cosec4+cotA
:+ cPsA 1 +cosA I . :.i:_ :

sinA sinA-
LHS = * = RFIS
-L sin,r{
t
ALTTER Wehave, "t:: :
j',1 '
cotA+cosecA-1
LHS =
cot A - cosec i4 + 1-
1

LIIS =
cosecA-cotA
1

'' f ',' .osec,A + coT,4 =

1l
cotA-coaecA+1 L. cosecA-cotlJ

-l
TNIMNOIdTffi.RT.TDENTITIES 6!E

:+ cote+cosecA+1 1 i;-i { ::i

LHS = X-
cot a - cosec e+ 1 co6ec A'- cot/ il::*<l ilr *r:! ' i

.1
:+ LIIS = = c(xtecA + cot^A
: .'1.:l i
,il.$e : cosec A - cot e
:+ LFIS= 1 *cnsA
sinA sinA
:+ LFXS=1+CCA=RF6
sin A ;,r
(viii) Wehave toprove that ir.-. i t

sin0 3 -
f !-
sin0
c0t0 + c08eco cotO-a6ec0 .+:
sin0
,+,.
sine ^ ''' ii :j::.' ,t ::l-
OT,
c0t0 + co8eco COt0 -
.r.
C(iEiiCSi riit r..| rrir'r i',;a'r11.; .. ;lt.',i.,,:
: ::r i1!:X",i.
Now, i-' i1'j : ] ,i,a!. 1

sin0 sin0
LHS = .i:-t{.i-, 1}i : 'i.:-.rrI it:{-i: l
c0t0 + cosece cote -cosecO
:ii': j. i:.:
-=l
ine
:+. LHS==
cosece +
-sine + ?it9-,
c0t0 cosec0-cd$ j 'lt:: :. *' !:!
i,i-*
-r
*: MI
,. -.. : i.- i ta-i l

=+
LHS=sir,el I lcosecO+cotO cosece-cot0J,.
1'"'
r.,
',. : i)
rtftj'
+ r. r{cosecO-cot-O+coses0+cot0}
LHS = ---t
cosec20-cot2e J
:+ LHS = sino(2coseco)
'iii"i : !i., ri,,;,
LHS=2=RHS
' ;;*J;*t**&rif't*tre =iT
r,j 4 ,
(ix) Wehave,
,'.. .:$i i
LFIS = (cosec0 - s0) ,. -,,
- sinO) (secO . , . ,, ,:l:l
'.-, r,':

LHS=( t -sino)f-l_-coso)
\ sinO /[ cosO )
:+ LHS =
1-sin2o*1_---l$re
sin0 cos0

+ LHS=cos2qxsin20 - ,rl i.' ,,.

sine cos0
:+ LHS = sin0cosO
. ;..1i:{.j

fid, RHS =
tan0 + cot0
1
. i1i"r \

RFIS =
;m."*6
_+_
r''t ! :"

,1; irt:j :t :ir'

cos0 sin0
'&:t$ irffi.*xffi.
ttrence, LIIS = RFtrS. i | -l- $t:xmr: * i\:iyl
- r-- -. ffli
18., tcorrcce - sin0) (sec0 - coso)',J;+,:;$1,!ii; 1 +" & Hi*ril- - "ft" **":
tanO + 6t0
.r
1.. l*: .l fr:r.1** ,= .,.---- --)-- - * i-l;_l +i
;--, 1fl,.' - ;i :r<:;]
(i) (1 + cot0- cooecO) (1 + tanO +.sec0) = ! lCBtlE Zml
{r. li,,
'..-:+ - i ?..i. I j
(ii) tanze+cof o+ 2 = eeCocoeeczo $, rui., 1", ri.e
(iii) .ffiEffite = hng+cptCI '?i-{s .'-t-:'L'j I I,. iirJ
E ..--- . r

g][tmON (i) Weluve, F' ;:i'

'LIIS :s,'{i *,;gx{ sv*rl *8.-i tiii ui
= (l + cot6 - cmtrq0 t.tr
+ tart0 +s€eO)
{':;*e
-'**..,,..-..-... ...
e ."

{**te** +'ti} i;r;,

t!.'l:"
+):i*l#;:: -l- ll j.ll::
,$fiii';

E+

{}ni;* ii!-rii
I.HS
up- =
sin2g+cos'g+zeinffi&ii,;:: ri;-r", , tli., i.". ""'r;i1i
sin0 cosO i
f
L}IS =
singcts$
ii.i:., ,; S $+;r>+**qi$ -.&:*.rr,*l "
i. -",..' "._- -...--...:_,..-:,....:*.._.,.;.- ._- f ";ft:e
*,_.
.ji,: ..

=.
3 !'i:r*tli:rr;'";." i'r"-,

:+ ;, LI1S-2sin0oe0=2=RFXS
, ,. gfrtOCOSo iiliai,. r -irllr.:r - <l\
fl ". . .t.::

(ii) Welnve, i:il;-- -. i ,:i. ,

i,:+l$;'i'-i1,r! i -.:i
LFIS= tan20+cot2g+2
+ LHS=tan2e+cot20+2tangcu,,S-u,',*t-l:.*:i';irt,c*,i-.*,,,,t.ititiu.coto=U
,ltl
' {i..t'. -.-. ii;:. " .. - . i -* !:
:+ LHS=(tane+cot0)2 ;

!;:'{ri, {itli:,
LHS = (.sqg .,. 1999 f {i
t:i't",} j''- S'
r3ia .* i
--
\ cos0 sinO ,/ ijijl.}:; ,Br*,tg
{i.r

=$ LIIS=[sin2e+cos2ef
I sinO cosO )
:+ LHS=I' ' f
sinecosO
I J i':**
:+ LHS = = cosec2 o *d$-rf,$f...s
sin'0cos'Q. . .
-=-l-----=_ :
ALNER Wehave,
L}IS= tan20+cof g+Z
'*ffiti$rnxeaDElrnrs
;f.,itl}
+ LHS = tan20 a-]r--*2 A:".rcr;: --
:'' i.
- -- :,
{:
;;'',. [''*"=*]
tan'0 -t't -:'*l J1

$'" f1-:1' +1+2tan20

r-1j'-
(tan2 o-+ t)2
=t LFIS = .llrq,,
tan'e
!+ (*"1-e)',
LHS =
tan'0 ffii-*#pJ
+ u-rD=
seca e =-seca ocos2 o
sin2 o sin2 o
*'to
i tr't
=r LHS =

:+ LHS = *sin'0 = sec2 ocpsec2o = RfnS t. "'-* .

i-,.'-.---
(iii) Wehave, .F' i** I .. -tr.sil ;

IJ{S = Jsec2e+ cosec20

&#* ir -!;-
& mY::
-". , ii*{.i qii'
*{*}
a LHS=@=.6
:+ - . Ll3. f.:uno@o,* 1l
, t..t.'. i'r,il -,jlii +.

LHS =.lta= tano+cot&e&ns

;\ i{i_-i .

EXAMPLE 9 Prwethefoltawingidentities: _ ,:-a:-,1 , i

.-: *,i::i*:tl--* ..;yil .:.:
l,3r;* " i: *io' $r'1*1;'t i !i{{;'t
1 1 L - -'
t0 *u""4 -*14 - #=-sra- ."ryg@_ _, i _.u+, . .,,,|:*ory
cos{ sin i
I'-:ri.: - r'ir:
'i\*i* * h *r':; S.
(ii) ffi.i-ffi=cosA+sinA i..i*i. u,.u.Js'Ey*,*ll
.r-,,t,r --. i-,..:... ---'-.-",.r *'-.::::t. : -__

tanr{ cotl!
sr'r' *'^-.alr"F"llFs
; = 1 +I ranr{+cotdo=,t.3rFao#t-"l.ffir*cs$8200[cl
(iii) l-cotA*1-*.a-r
.
. .,,.,j, \.i
SOLUTION (i) Wehave,
ir:ii*Aar::
I 1 i.;:iil * itr:iar + &"e*: *' .15'i i ;,.;
LFIS =
cosecA - cotrt sinA
L (cosecA + aotrt) ,:)i,:ffi:
Lrre - (cosec,{ - cote) (co6ece + aotA) r**f,8'i-
 qtr e.iil1i.,l3f;l6srfim(naE,f;x

tI,'i ' =flGtrm.j' tE1ljlr4,-coaecA s* -*.i. .r.{!xr*i,.,.ri}r.e r::

cosec' A-cotz A :r:r,:
{.,
+ LHS =cosecA+cotA-cosecA t'-T.uui."1j*tt:e$+.rekcs2e=.q
t*ri$
tHS = cotA {'i
r ...0
RHs= 1 -
^
erd, 1 .'{l::s'-1"'i ei.l-l s.
sine cuecA +&ta i 'r;s,j \

r. Drre oosecA - (EtA -lt] -]'t] r .;!r r

- sinz{ (coeecA +cotd)(coeece-"otA) ii -ni}t
r-::

1;:11;]]i:;q;
:+' RHS -
1 - cosesA -cotA ii , -3, ',:'' =* t-i.r s:.
:--- - sin]-;m-aotT , ii'iti-,,. lt;r_,1*

+ RIIS = cosecA - (cmecA - cotA)

[.. cooec2 e- *d a =';t'
+ RHS = cotA j {'i't,'; .- ;t}
trg,,
'- -' t * = iil:!'i "'(1i)
Frour(i)and(ii)itfoltowsthatLHs=RllS. Fri
(ii) Wehave,
-t'""
LIIS= cosA * sinzt
&Lill*tllrr;'*+'r:*t':'$*'*t1 u-'' 4ir':i

,1;,,.i;t,;,\s? {:ii;
=+

,i' :,1t,.;,
:+

ms.r{ - sinA . .-.+.s*::i li\,.fJ i !i iri.::'l U.":/ ;:r:

=+ LHS = cosA + ain.d = RFIS
i{
(iii) Wehave, i.i-i i
;1.. t,lry i:'.,"t"..: -' f, ;rlirrri-! )

LFIS =
tane + c4'4 ' :r i;:', , l'- r'-\l:f ),:-i :
1 - cotA 1:
hl,A , , ,:r
 Ire
TR@A,IdffiTTEIDENfITIB #!,
1 r.:r,..i"gi,;.i"; 11i i-i{ii'} i_i..ir, i.-l
:+ LFIS= "tt4I + ta"A
, 1- tanA
tanA
taA=
LHS=,tan,{ +tanrt (1- tanA) 1 t:r,
-I
tanA
TATPA
LHS= +
tarrA- | tanA(t - tanA)
i
LHS =
t*'4 i r.1i

tanA-1 tanA(tan/-1)
r', i' '. -;',^.

+*'i
.Lf{s= ,B*'A-r
tanA (tan'A - 1)

(tanA-1) (tan2 A+tana+i)

-'
r -..: .i

LHS =
tanA(tanA-l) --T
LHS=tan2A+tanA+i 1i, ;rrlJ
tan A
,"t.-, P,.
1,*. it

LHS=tan2A*tanA+ 1. i ..,
tanA tanA tanA
c
=) LHS = tanA + 1+ cotA = 1f + tanA*'ffitn)
i
tits=r*sin'A'*cosA
cosA sinA 5 $:'r:

-j:t
LHS = 1+
sin2A+cos2a
sin.A cosA

4"' ,
LH*-f..,u iL ._*-
sinA cos.A
+ .
LHS = L+cosecAsecA
.:i=RFIS i.r:.r:, 1 . : -, iil. '{i::!
.a; ..r -:' '.
EXAMPLE t0 Prooe tlw following identities:
,r r r:-- rt i'i
(i) cosaA-cos2A=sinl A-,sinzA t .,d.- ..
''.' 'r" o'
(ii) cota A - 1. ="o*"i A - 2coxc2 A "'
i,li' "i,1":_j! .! ' ji:.,
.
!ir.:i l
(iii) sinaA+coe4A=1-2sin2AcoszA :.
: i-r. iil-i.i
(rv) sinaA -cos4.,{ = siniA-cos2 A = 2si2 A-1'='i,'-z.io*2,q,
,] ::i. 1 I i.
(v) sinoA+cosuA = 1-'3sinz ^
Acosz A
:

(vi) secaA.sec2A = taii4 A+tarrz"A '' ''! .''r"'' i.i' ",]l!":,ii

,,
llt:
!-.ia :. Il
'-'l
o,u. .. : r-i-ir..'.i,t{A?IIg#(A*ftStX
.

SOLUTION (i) Wehave,

:+
" r''ffi : cbsdLal-icosec2A =RFb',,
+ i'.:,,...'.i]..]ll+,':l'.:.t?li..ili.;i.:..l.:l.l.r;i,-i''l _..:ri.;: . i;r.i
:r'' i';!:i-t

(iii) Wehave,
I}IS=sinaA+cosa,4
+ LHS = 1sin2 A12 + (coo2 A)2 + 2skt2A cos2 A - 2sin2 A casz A
-zsinz.d.o{{*; ,. ,;, '. t;l-- '::" i"':.
LHS=(sin2.{+co62e)3
:+ LHS=1-2sin2Acos2{=,RF]S :i. , : :

(iv ) Wehave, I: r:i&',i :1,, ;,i.t

LHS=sinaA-cosaA
:* LHS = (sirr2 d)2 - (cos2 A)2 1 .; " .r1. ,r ,.,: .
-.
,
. ...: , i::i ^,: - _
I : ::: 11i.. . ;:-
+ LHS = (sin2 A + cos2 A) (sinz A - cos2 A;
:+ LHS=sin2A-cos2A ' .1 l.',.ti":SrgS*ea=1
=+ LHS=sin2A-(1-sin2A)=2sin2A-1 '

:+ -' I'v:{'i': : :: ":i'ii

LHS =2(1-cos2A)-1=1-2cos2rf:iGs -.'
'i':'':r::1i'1 "11r"r"'';1 ' ; t'iri
(v)Wehaver
LHS= sin6A+cos6A
;"1liit' ":"r'.' "" l-'il ':: i:''';':'':
"t
r+ i'rl::"''r;:;l' '. 1'.:.r'"'n:r-'-'' " I ' r i' .:r.
LHS = (sin2A)3 +1cOs2.d;3
_
:+ LHS =(sin2A+c::'z4){(:jq2,t22 +{1i2Ai'
' _' :
:ri"t4.*'flJ..,,,, 1,, . - 'r.(t ' :

f f' * b' = +i1tf - ob +fy 1a

+ LHS = t(sin2 Af +(cos2 A)2 +2sin2 Ac.os2

" 4r.a$B2.4c,gu:,4.*lnu
:i:.j :: :, r.,.r: 4se'_41
.rr- ,:,!ri:,1 ..i i'. __'i': .La: :i'.:t
TRIC,$IGINETRrc DENTITI ES 6":13

=) LHS = [(sin2 A + coo2 a;2 - 3sin2 A Go#r4] i.

1;:' .' :"i ,:

+ LHS=l.-3sin2Acos2A=RHSjt'l:i;:
- .rr:r;-.': .i'r' :':r
(vi) Wehave, , -,..-:, i-:
-n-:
.

LIIS=secae-sec2A=sec2Atsdil-I-r) :i:'
=+ LHS=(1+tan2A)(1+tan2A-11 ' t

ir!: i':: - ';r:: r'

=t LHS = o,nz A+ tana A = RrIS

EXAMPLE 11 Proae thefollowing iilentities :
"' ::::r ' 'il' i'r'::''
/:\ sin2.A cos2 A L -
\r'' cos2 A ' sin2 A sin2 A cos2 A i: ,' i- t. ,t

I ; ''
cosA
-+--=--')
(ii) 1- tanA * sin2 A
1-]::i'|';,f

=sinA+cosA ii,ii:: ,,.t::i

- *u4
,1r',4 ,:i,.
::' . ': -!

,rrr, (1+ sin0)1 + (1- sin0)1 _-Ll-._l.( t+ sin2 e)

cos2 o I\ t-sinr9 ./'|
cos2 o sin3 0
[eBsE2000c]
- tanO sin0 - cos0
L .": ,r_.,

- ;:l; :
(v) --- - '--'- - +sin0cos0=1
sin3e+cos3o
i: ''i:..- ICBEE2OOgCI
i-'

sin0 + cosO
SOLUT{ON (i) Wehave, :.,;,i
FIs _ sir-r2 A* cos2 A _ sinaA + cosa A
Lrr'
T
- ;t7 - - [orrtakinglCh4l
rir,' A ;int/costA
rrc
rLr1D _ (sin2 A;2 + (cosz A)2 + 2sin2 / ses2.rAr*.2sin2.A.cix? A
=

i,,,.1i
(sin2 4+cos2 A)2 -2sin2A.go#:*,.
=+ rLrr{q
rL) _
- ------------.---
. . .. .;
sin2 A cos2 A I.r 11-- - 111:r1.;', ::, :; r,.:. ,

1- 2sin2 Acos2 A
LHS =
sin2 A cos2 A
1
* LHS = sinz A cos' A -2=RHS
(ii) wehavg -;.!, I ,"1,,r:i, . :

!_tl-s =
cmA r sin2 A
1- tanA sinA - cosA
----
cosA . sin2 A
=+ LHS =
,_sinA'sinA-cosA
cosA
i-' :',r' : lr

+ cosA sin2 A
LHS=
ios A -- sina - 6, 4'_"6u;,ri.,.:j .
I--
r_, : : :.". : .i ;. :, _, r.:

cosA
 6,1{r

A sinla r,,,,,
rrc =
ri..nD
-
(0s2 i,. .
!: ",t:' j i;.:{ .a}: i
cosA - sinA cose - sinA ,, _ ll:tr,'.;; !:,,li.r',
a.! ii; & & :" . i ,,. i:]: i
CDS2 A sin2.A
LHS =
cosA - sinA cos1{-_fln$*
LFIS=cG2A-sin2e ,,
cosA - sin4
(coeA + sinA) (cosA - sinA)
=' urJ_E
r.Frs = - ; ;i l'3... ..,'t,n ;,i' 1, ." ij .r,' .. ,:.. i
:+ LHS=cosA+sinr{=RHS .1
!
i il l+t:l l li,,,,r-
j',. ::.,r,i:?
.it.
llo:;,i li:rx i,,:jr., tt-!
.p. 1..
(iii) Wehave,
(1+sin0)2 +_(1-sin0)2 ,ii..,, r iii:,r;: . ,tr,'l
LFxs= r.-j :';:,.. , ,, ,
cos20 i)'.;i,' : J 1..',,rrii.,:..,,-i-IJ1l:i;;rp..r
:1ij
=) 1r + zsine + sin2 e)
t(r - 2shb+siri2 e) , ,--
LHS =
r =,i cos2 0
r-.] :iti . i.i,. -1ti:ii
ii''"'''iirr:ir'.' 1'"r:}':':'i ,- :i _::,,
r:!iii;:'t';,ni lr
? 'LF{s=2+21in20-ztr.'r:'q
I:--corre 1-sin2e :: ., i'; ri i{"r,
r..r;
/tl-ql3]=
LHS=21 j
t! ,:. f'l iij:.t

=+ **o i

(iv) Wehave, ; ' i ", . j. - ': l- j

LFxs='cw2& +' Tlrg'; : ;i : :l'.:':r.

1- tane ' sinO - cwo, , -jr i

=) .cos3 0 tql9;t,:-t' ' ::ii i -il 'rt,* ' r,s1''; a

LHS =cose lsine - :n,,,-, i,,,o '
1''
' "' 4x ii
"*il;fr6 ;- 5;
+ LHS =
cos3 e - sin3 e i'. .e,i_i,rj.r -il:i-i1':.- -. i
i
:, -*i"
',. nir{
cPs0 - sin0 j, ,,.,.i, 1r

(cosO - sinO)(cos? 0tsin2 0 Qsino)

= LFIE =
COSo - Sino ir" ".;:.'.,'-r l, '"*:.,
. !) i..i: :
!.:a .t, :

=+ LHS = 1+ sin0cosO = LHS '

., J l:;. : r'{-.r i :: l

(v) Wehave,
. ..jjJ i
sin30+cos3e. .;,r;..tt".',r; ;';.i:-,
. LHS= ---^^ ^ ^
+ sinOcos0
, .i.
sin0+cosO ,, :-ii-i t

+ LHS=
(sinO + cose) (sin20 + cos] 0 i dinbt6stD-+
storecosd
sin 0 + cosO
TRI@NOMEMTC IDENTTTIES 525

EXAMPLE 12 Prwe thefollowing identities :

0 a^z A- tan2 B = t*'rB; tT'l = +';{;'it', lcBsE200sl

ce2 A a B
B cos2 coo2 cos2

(ii) --": sinB+ cosA

sinA - --': *i-I = 0
-I"'i - cosB
cosA + cosB sinA + sinB
SOLUTION Wehave,
LHS = tarf A- tan2 B l

sinl A sinz B
LtlS =
cos2A' 'cois2B';
+ LHS=
sin2 A cos2 B - cos2 A sin2 B

LHS =
(1. - cos2 A) cos2 B - crr.2 A(t.- cos2 B)
=+
a.r- A 6
"*-
cos2 B - cos2 A cos? B - cos2 A + cos2 d cos2 B
LHS = ' cos2 A <rls2 B

cos2B-cos2e
LHS =
a*TcerrB ' ''

LHS =
(1- sin2 B)-(1.+sirf d) :rr.
, ces2A cos28
sin2A-sin2B
LHS = = RIIS :
coi2A co#g
(ii) Wehave,

=+
r Lrc _ sinA - sinB . cosA - cosB
cosA + cooB sinA + sinB
(sinA - sinB) (sinA + sinB) + (cosA + cosB) (cosA - cosB)
rLIIJHq _
:

LHS
sin2 e - sinl B + cosl e.: cqp?:B
(cosA + cosB) (sinA + sinB)
' :': 'rl

(sin2 e + cos2 A) (sin2 B + cos2 B)

LHS = '-
(cosA + cost) (itnA + sinB)'
1-1
=+ LHS =
(cosA + cosB) (sinA + sin.fff.=0=RFIS
EXAMrLE 13 Prwe thefolloating identities: :

(0 2(sin6 0 + cos6o) - 3(sin4o'+ cosao) + 1 = 0 tr{ors1

(ii) sin6e+cos60+3sin20cos20= lHorsl
:;,: , :,;,;,
(rr) (si.,8 0 - cm8 0) = (sin2 0 - cos2 e) G - zsip? g egszo) tHors]
626 r : T,MATfIEft4ATICS-X -
SOLUTION (i) Wehave,
LHS = 2(sin6 0 + cos5 e) * 3(gina e + cos4 e; + r
=+ LHS=z[(.ir,'o)3+(cos2rf]-3(sinae+cosae)+r

=+ LHs = z[(sir,20+cos2e){(sin'ze)2
-/[\ -t +(cos'ef
\ -' -sin2e*r,e}]
-
L\
-3(sinao+cos4ey+1
:+ LHS = z{tsin20)2 + (cos20;2 - sin2ocos2e}- 3(si#0 + cosa0;+ 1

:+ LHS = 2sina 0 + 2cos40 - 2 sin20cos20- 3sina0- 3cooa 0 + 1

=+ LHS = -(sina0+ cos40+ 2sin20cos20;+L

+ LFIS = -(sin20+cos20)2 + 1= -1+1= 0 = RFIS
(ii) Wehave,
LHS = sin6 e + cos6 e + 3sin2 0 cos2 0
:+ LHS = [(ri.,'0)3 + (cos2 o)3 ] + 3sin2 e cos2 0
:* LHS = (sin2 0 + cos2 o1 0)2 +(cos2 0)2 -sin2 0cos2 0}+ 3stn2 ecos2 e
{1sin2
=t LHS; (sin2 0+cos2 o1
{1sin2
0)2 +(cos2 0)2 +2sinz-ocos2 0

- 2sin2 0cos2 e -sinz 0cos2 e)+asin2 0 cos2 e

:e LHS = (sin2 0+cos2 e1{1sir,2 0+cos2 0)2 -3 sin26 cos2 0}+3sin2 e cos2 e

:+ LHS = (1 - 3sin2 0 cos2 0) + 3 sin2 g cos2 g

+ LHS=1=RHS
tttt'
1#:";*o- cos80 = 1sin40)2 -(cosa0;2
=+ LHS = (sina 0 - cos4 0) (sina e + cosa 0)
=+ LHS = (sin20- co"20)(sin20 +cos20)(sina e+ cos{ o)
+ LHS = (sin2 0-cos2 o;{1sin2 0)2 +(cos2 0)2 +2sin2 0cos2 e-2sin'e.or'o}
+ LHS = (sin20 -cos2e){(sin2 0 +cos2 012 - 2sin2ecos2 0}
=' LHS = (sin2 0 - cos2 0) (1 - 2sin2 0 cos2 e; = RFIS
EXAMrLE 14 Prooe thefollowing ida*ities:
(, (1 + tanA tanB)2 + (tanA- tanB)2 = sec2 Ary2 B, :, :, :

(ii), (bnA + cosecB)2 - (cotB - secA)2 = 2hnAcotB(coseeA + secB)

SOLUTION (i) Wehave,
LHS = (1 + tanA tanB)2 + (tanA - tanB)2
+ LHS = 1. + 2tanAtanB + tan2 A tan2B + [an2A + tan2 B - 2tanA tanB
TRI@'IAIESBIC{DENTffiES ,$ry

LHS = 1+ tan2Ahn2B+tm2rt+'tanzE-- r. -.. I

l" r;** :

:+ LHS = (t + tan2 4) + (tan2 B + tan?,4 tan*if

i..:*+ 5i.,313]:;i:".:S r "\ ' {::;:
+ ;3!ft i'1 ;:
=' ' {"1:n".: +i:-

LHS = (I + tan2 A) (1 + tan2 B) "1.;;ii{ a J,t'

4 LHS=sec2AEec2B=RHS ir...-1.:.i: ii\"i:.:r*_::..-.,.,:, llrt.,-,*,.,i;J

(ii) Wehave, ' i'"ri: ' i i" : i' ':." i :

LlnS = (tanA tfffi3)l*:f {$HF+X,ES# + i.i. -;. h :relii * &:-=.o,} }. "r":*,

-
_ .ri-.1 ,; _ .

+ LHS = (tan2A+coseeltr+ztan&reffiSu*@fu2.4-2,strtBs6ed)'"*
:+ LHS = (tan2 A-sec2 e1+le,oeectp-.,,w4ggt
LHS = -1+ 1+2tan,rtco$ee B+Zcotjisdm;*.,i; !,jt...,,,
LFIS = 2 (tanA coecB + cotB secA)
t-.-- .'.,,.-ii, r'
il /mscB
@%6 secA\":r:;:l f"-
LHS'= Ztaiecotrf * Ti I [rttrftieg h6ffi]ttrB,ing by tdri'e cotr]
cotB \ ""a J
( 1 1 'l -',1,..i1 '.., .'r'i,t'. ..'*-i;i
,,.,.'
:
{ "' -t" 'i': '
tllSi = 2tanA.otf l "+B= * opt4 I
:

I co86 8mJa I

I sinB aosA I .'., i.;i .'.'ij ,. :. ..- ' .,- . ,- .i- .* i:li,r i:r

ExAMPLE ls Prwc the fotlwt;mg idedtitie.s:

LFrs=(sindi%aiil)?:;tl*&;.$i*i *ffi...::sai'd.'-.l&;i':,r li:'':}.''- =.d}-i,.i =-,

=+ LHS = sin2 A + sec2 a + z srn A #ff# ififf**t.r{ +2cos A cosec A

:=) f }{e = /at*&{lr,ra;nl4f *<*&,+,1"*;.4o3*lE*.nSsr*^"iai*-&+b.mi:rasoa A
 t'

2
LHS = 1+ -------F--1
sin'z{ ^-A+sinA cosA
cos'

=+ LHS = 1. + cosec2 A sec2 A + 2cosecA sec..{

=) LHS = (1+ secA cosec A)2 = RHS
(ii) Wehave,

LFrs = e( secA - 1 )* s"", /l' - I'l

drnA
"of [ 1+ sinA ,/ ( 1,+wA )

IIIS = cot2 a (seca - sif'fr Giirz{': r) (t'+'&re)

r) (seca + t) +
,,.,;'. ,: i. ,Q+sinrt)($+scc,atr

,u!Er-.o _ cot2 A (sec2 A r t) + seE'A 6ih,fi,. 11

(1 + sine)(1 * sec.z{}': r', 'r'
-

cot2 A tan2 A - sec2 a (1; sin2 a)

LHS =
"',.i (l:+reind)(,1 +wA} [.' sec2 A.- tar] A = ll
cot2 A tan2 A - sec2 Acog2 A
=+ LHS =
(1 + sinA) (1+ secA)

:+ LHS =
1-1
(1 + sinA) (L + secA)
=0=RHS
EXAMPLE t6 Prooethefollowingidmtities:
cosA+--.413-_--
sinA - sinA cosA
\r/ 1-sinA 1-cosA' - (1-sinA)(1-cosA)
cotA + tanA) (sinA - cosA)
(1 +
\-' sec" A - cosec'A
:

SOLUTION (i) Wehave,

+ cosA thA-
LHS = l-sinA * l-cosA* 1 ': l

:+ cosA(1-cosA)+sinA(1-sinA)+(1:sinA)(1-cosA)
LHS =
(1 - sinA) (1 - cogA)

cgs,A,=cod a + sinA -- sin?;{ .r:X.rsfui.zq *.eosA +sinAc6sr4

=t LHS =
(t - sinA)-(l,i cosA)
:

i -., ,' , r,i'

(cos A + sin A) - (cos2 A + sin2 A) + - (cos A +sin A) + sin A cos A
rrq _
rurrJ: 1
(1 sin A) (l * €os AI , :.,
TRTGONOMEIRIC IDENTTTIES 6.29

- : -' tl. : ::_ ri:i

+ LHS=
(cosA + sinA) - 1+L - (cosA i sinA) + sinA cosT{
(1 - sinA) (1 - cosl)
sinA cosA
LHS = = R}IS
(1 - sin4) (1 - cosA)
(ii) Wehave,

Ir * ses4. rE4)(sinA - cosA)

LHS = f sinA cosA l'
(7 I _-_
1\ I

I cor3 a sin3 aJ
cos2A+sin2e),.
{;-.]i- l(sinA-cosA)

sinA cosA + cos2 4 + sin2 A -l A-----

x sin3 coss A
LHS =
sinA cosA =- (sinA-cosA)
sin'A - cns'-A '

x(sin2 A cos2 A) (sina

LHS =
ffiffi - cosA)

rLllJLro _ (sinA cosA + 1) (sin2 A cos2A) (sinA - cosA)

-
(sinA - cosA) (sin2 A + cos2 A + sinA cosA)

i,; o, - bls' ; (a - b)(a2 + b2 + ab\l

(sinA cosA + L) sin2 A cos2 A
=+ LHS =
(1 + sinA cosA)

=+ LHS=sin2Acos2A=RHS
EXAMPLE 17 a
(sec A + tanA)(secB+tanB)(secC+ tanC)=(secA-tan,4)(secB- tanB)(secC - tanC)
Prooe that each of the side is equal to t't .

SOLUTION Wehave,
(secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) - (secA,* tanA)(secB tanB) (secC tanC)
- -
Multiplyingbothsidesby (secA - tanA) (secB - tanB) (secC, qnC), we get
(secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) x(secA - tanA](secB - tanB)^(sec C - tan C)

- taneF (secB - tanB)2 (secC - tanC)2

= (secA
(sec2 A - tan2 A) (sec2 B - tan2 B) (sec2 C - tan2 C;
=
= (secA - tane)2'(secB - tanB)2 (secC.- tancf
:+ f = [(secA - tanA)(secB- tanB)(s""C - t
"C)F
+ (secA - tanA) (secB - tariB) (secC - tanC) = + I
.

similarly,multiplyingbothsidesby (secA + tanA) (sqcB + tanB) (secc+ tanC),weget

(secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanc) = + 1
,6t0 ,,,.r; :: .':,. -Iv{A]IIIEMATIGI.I

rypeu orPRovlNcREsuLGilNvqlYryclRlco!!9lF.rnlc-nllg!_",, i ..,.,

EXAMrLErs I/ tano +
"irro
= mn#m"d-"urii,i'a;rnor:ilqt'#:'-nt'= 4ffi',;.: i

tcBsE2m0tr
soLUnoN Wehave, ;i:,r .

LHS = m2 -n2
+ LHS = (tan 0 + sin 0)2 - (tan 0 - sin 0)2 -I _': ',' :l:

:+ LHS = 4tanOsinO ;r.,.,.:, r, '- '1

,['.' (a + b\2 - (n'b)2 = 4 abl
And,
RHS = 4.1ffi
=) RHS = 4./(tan0 + sin0) (tan0 - sin0)
+ RHS = 4.62ilsin%
RHS=-e#.,i",o
RFl9 = 'ibsze

RHS=4
sos20 i i,l' ii.ir j'- ,; .1 ,i : ;r',.i:r,:-rt

RHS=4
ffife
t_
=4b-
, sin2 o 4 sin0 fln&* 4slnotano
- =
!"or20 cos0 cos0
Thus,'wehavE
LHS = RHS, i.e., m2 - n2 = 4 Jffi: i: r',., :;r .i ir-.':'':'i-!,:''
"
EXAMPLE le I/ cos 0 + sin 0 = .,Ecos0, sttow*aiig.!i-'rin: e
'
=t.E*ir,0
'a:i:i!: : ::r-:
tdrsszoozcl
i .l.ri,1]...:i l
SOLUTION Wehave,
': , : . ..1 :. l: |' I i: r'j 'r::rr1r:i 1,'.1-,
coso+sinb='Jic*e"
,:
:+ (cosO + sin0)2 = 2cos2 0
+ cos2e+ sin2 0+2cos0sin0= 2cm20
t;::

,'-
+ cos2 0 - 2cos0 sin0 + sin2 0 = 2sin2 0
+ (cos0 - sin0)2 = 2sin2 0
:;;r r r,,.-4".l .'; . l'- ,:-,. ;

ALITER Wehave,
cosO+sin0=./2co60 i" 'r';-1''
r;'1!r;'rr:,'rr-': ':r"';:
:+ (cos0+sin0)2 =(dciie)2 ' '
=+ cos2 0 + sinz 0 +2sin0cos0 = 2cos2 e
i:
,q
--''F

TRIC.ENEMEIIKIC{DENTTTIES

:+ c0s20-sin2g=2sin0cos0 ,
:.1 ;t-::::t. 1, : :.:! :.
':,-i-': .-.
t 4.1.
:1: ,:::l .!j
=+ (cos 0 + sin 0) (cos 0 - sin 0) = 2 sin0 cos 0

= ---, - -l ' .. ,.;

2sin 0 cos 0
:+ coo 0 - sin 0 .: i'| .ii;:, .l . ,.1 :
i:j!:'..:! :i"ir:::

:+ cu0-si&'0..= ,.r,"r fi:eo&O+ iftr S."*-aEemnl

..,.
:+ cos0-sin0=#sinO
EXAMPLE 20 I/ sin0 + cps0 = p andsec 0 + cosec 0 = q,dtaut thd q (p2 -f)'=:ry.
soLuTtory .{ehave,
LHS = q@2 _L)
:+ LHS = (sec O + cosec e)
{1sin 0 + cos 0)2 - 1}
+ LHS = (:=+.Ll{rir2 e+cos2
--- 0+2sinecose-i}'
1l Icooe sinoJ..:," .li

LHS=[sinO+coso\ + zti"ecooe - 1) li,: :l

( cososino i(t

cosOsine ---- t
I J\------
LHS = 2(sin 0 +cos0) = 2p = RHS " t _.1_:;
:r; r !i{ i

pf4rUrre 2x., I/ #,b + tan0 = p, shmn tlwr p2 -7 = srn0 :' i'.r''. IICF-S-E mQ4l
' r: 'l
gq
";: }{{
p'+1
SOLUTION Wehave, -
t*,o):;-l ,'.:r i
LFrs = 1!-
p'+l
(seco +
(seco+tano)'+1
't . -- ,r,:: i

sec2 O + tan2 6 + 2secOtanO - 1

LHS =
sec2 0 + tan2 0 + 2sec0 tane + I .j

(r""' 0 - 1) + tan2 0 + 2sec0 tan0

LHS =
sec2 e + 2sec0 tanO + (l + tan' g)
--
il'.:

r Lre _ tan2 o + tan2 0 + 2sec0 tan0 t:

Ltlu
-
secz O + 2sec0 tan0 + sec2 0

,,c
r4U-- _ 2tan2 e + 2 tanOsgcO ii
2sec'0 + 2sec0 tanO
 -'.- -I!-lr

it32 ei i I i ikj til'i ltrj$mra@r(

2tan0(tanO+ sec0) i:i;r-r-.rii r.i - ir r,rir I ti 1-x-,j .:-
=) L'IS =
2seco(seco+ tanoh
r:ri) er;;i! .,, iri rria - ri r(/.j tr) nia .i- tl a6;-) .=
II:IS=H8=#=.+n0-**"-;i.:l';;;-;.i};;!r-l,};:r:,.l:.-.

i:i ;..t)i !-:

{.t,iirlv : ii 5;,.; : ij rit?

pr$-=.#,,,,, ' )dr.r) -t" i) .1,-,1 t,:rr.:i ;. .*;1,, . 1, . .. t, 1/l .} l.!!J.i /:r

=+ LHS =
# #,
- . ..

t;r.,=.n+.qy
. ,r; iVJ .irlr f; ,. ,t.t:
= Dtanol
r
1 i; 'ii.!nlr:]-!{-:rrii'.:iii}3q:',-}."i:-,air;--::;"1 i.
=) IJ.IS=_.[
sinTC-;Fe . ,: t , '
,- ,T],Y ,,.1,r'i_:,i::nr,r nr.:)j
i
,..1 ii .:
:e Ifis = cosec2o-cot2e [" timt2oidt$C8e+.ilrcai*re-.otr, = r]
='LfIS=1=RI{Sti.!rr,ii{i;"til|i,:.;,.?r':Ji;::]]ii.,t
tl
'ii ' !;qi"
,*AM,LE23 If coso
soLuFIOt{ ltbhave, i''t:ttittixr,i: ti,,,.,rr', ,=4iiI :

LIIS = Q* +nz)dp {}{}l ,. ril; : r;.i ii.r:.} r i.i ,.it; _ ., j1-i r

g,.= i.*itffi.ffi . ., ' .,,,,,,;!!,;, r

[r:* =*S*.tucu,=ffg.1
'irr:iiil i;"r'' ;lti;l it-
IIIS=[cog2asin2F

rr:rs="*.[{ffi)i:::* = EF,, +::

l::*a,,:*
* *'u !::
rr:rs =.*'"[*,zp;;Ep)"*rit'":-::::;:_]:
** ijti-i r:::
- $ *,ri i ti*u: rl;res - i,,ri "'
,*rs=trt=[ml=n2=Rrxs
l.::;,,:l:.:.:* .ii{r 1
rl
T",IGONOMtrArc IDENTITIES 533

EXAMPLE ze '$ sin0 = I a1d se90 cos *, tha,t l7n*{|2 m2+ 3)=t
Trq!9. _ ?.= ,prry ,+
'fifdtsl
SOLUTION Wehave, :i'

LFIS=l2m2g2+#+g ::
.: :

+ LFIS = ( cosec 0 - sin e f ( sec, e - me O )'. {( c*"ce - sin 0 )2 + ( sec 0 )'*g)

'*o
=(
#-"*, )'
( s -.*e)' t( *-*'l .(
*- 2l
|
:..;
*sl
:
)

+ LHS = [ -
r si.,2 e
f f,- cos2 e )' [f , - si1'z e
.[""'eJ)
t
]'z * [ -
cos2 e

I
sine ,1t .o;e J J t['i"e
+ LHS =[cos2eY f ug,eI {f eigI *[sin2eT ,.r]
IsinoJIcoseJ [(.sinoJ [coseJ J ,.:

+ LHS = s9+, sinl o {4

* '.1, * s}
sin'0 cos'0 [ sin'0 cos'0 )
cos6 g +.sin6-g + gcos2 g sin2 e
+ LHS = cos2 e x sin2 0 { }
[ "os'Osin'O J

LFIS = cos6 0 + sin6 e + 3 cos2e sin2 0

.t-.
LHS =
{("or'0)3 + (sin2ef }* 3cos20sin2o''
:+ 1gg = { 1"os2 0 + sin2 e)3 - 3cos2 0sin2 0(cos2 0 + sin2 e) + 3 sin2 e
}
:', : r&(a:+,&)l

=+ LHS =
{, - rcos20sin2e}+ 3cos20sin20 [..cos: n2e = tl
LHS = 1 =RHS
EXAMrLE25 lf x = rstnAcosC,/ = rpA{,s,1lq,rr%.d^r- tc.osA! pTwethat
r' = xu +y2 +22
SOLUTION Wehave,
*', + y'a + 22I =r2sin2Acos2C +12sfur?A'sirfC + i2eos2fl ,'
1 1 - 1^

=+ *'+y'+22 = r2sin2A(cos2C+sin2C) +12cos2 A"

=+ ,'+y'+22 =r2sin2 A+r2as2A [...cos2C+sin2C = t]
::) ,' + y' + 22 = 12 1sin2 A + cos2 A)
=+ *'+y'+22 =r2
Hence, 12 = x2 + y2 + z2
 6&r ::?i;:'i9r5{*trIffmre4(

pr+rrrn j. rf ta A;;"iiii",-l;r.;?;d" i:';;r',i;';*rf:{g i: r irrylr:'ri

soLUTIoN We have to find cosz a in ternrs of m and n. This means *fOfurru*IJ15r5g

eliminated from the given
rvErrr=quvrE'
relations. (i" ' '"r t'; ttt':i -- ri' '
Norv,
:r
'*,,\ "lllt'' " t' 1i4{t"''' ;:i i i
._1 .r , .-;i ., ,
'tah I $-df
=', t*'Rb*.t
"td'Jtii"{
n eane

and,.siliA=.mairt,tsti.sf,iBi?*snl&#ddsd.u=#,ii..,"..iI
substituting ttre values of cot B and cosec in cosec_2 g 1, we get
; ' ' ii 'r'i'B - cof-: 1r=:1;i'
B
t :u
:+ ii .nr. i,' "": :r ' :-: ,: l, '.

-'-1'-l-- = 1
tl ': i i i: ,'1"
{: #
'--.-- n2 c&LA .^'.
,=1" , , I' ,ri ,i,

sin'e sinz A :it: ,i:;r-.

t? -n2coo2A , -. I.i -:, i r ,i,r :: r,.

------'-.-----;_--r
sin2A -., ' -, ,i,n. . ,l
,,.:-. ,i _,

+ rn2 - n2 cos2 A =rbln2 zl -. .i.! .: , i; !!j..J,.. :

. " ! i,i ';5i,. .. 1i ., ,= .L1.{,-!

:+ t? -n2cos2A = 1 -cos2i{',. .i .
',

m2 -l = 12cog2 A- cogZ A ,iir ,,,.. ii :lrt ; l r rr ''ii:.-. : ii :,r.,.-

m2 -l=(n2 -l)coe2zt
i I 'al ,;: | ! 'i.,,t.. i.)---.r.:1
,a ,! ii: rt '
+- n?-t cos2A
ffi= { ,..:, lii-,r'.t.i} ,i: ti .;l r. ,. t

BXAI|ELB r tfie 0 +ry cbs3 0=sin0trr0anilx

$ sin 0 0, tlut
"T Proae
i : f+y,=1 . .f. ,11;r. r:, i.t!i._ t:, , i tHorsl
SOLUTION Wehave,
rsin3 0 + ycoss 0 = sinO cosO f l i/1

+ (rsinbfsinEd f fy"*6laoei U'=ffid''i$q.*,,

r sin 0 (sin2 0) + (x sin e) cos2 e ="rtor 6coed
r sin 0 (sin2,€+eoe? g).+'qitlq,cbqg : , - ,1..0 ,., i
r sin0 = sinO cosO.
,. li.: : it:.1 . .; s;-,;.\..i: '
:+ .f, = cos0
No!v, j ! ;,ri.,)"t
':1 -r ,a,, '
rsin0 = ycos0
i - :i.l_:..! .i :i
=+ cososing = /cos0
:+ / = sin0
Ftrence, xz +f = cos20+sin20 = l
 ::'].j.'].!-l!E
'i.

thrl rrst*@ffiNrmms

ExAMrLE a8 I/ cosm0 - :r1sryg = m. and sec0 3qg - ndryeE W,Q*nf!] +tryn2\2/3 = 1

: r-f ilt..i ::: ' t+ :: - 11 -,'^':l: . -l - l:Jtr:.i. 1r
:; .n::-
1-" i 1::
._i .!. .? -i.._i IHOfSI
SOLUTIONI Wbhave, :,. '. i "..., ,.:
l?tt;l:
:
ii ::

,: . I
I.
cogec 0 - .Ct{t,,O .: fl i a1td,sep0
.. .. I!i.:i: -,cogq
..i)ilr:j.i):' tt,
- =-
\ : :1- 1'
+' " -sinO=martd ^ -cos0=fl
sinO coe0

1-sin20 r?2 an(l. 1-cos20

sinO = cosO
=ll

:+ (m2n'Sz/s +Qnn212/g =cos20+sin20 = t "i;:i:"-r' ''lr iili!.-:lr .':l

''i':":'';.r; I l'i:'rr':::1 't*:'.

Hence, (trfnlzte +(mn2)2/s =.1
DtlMTLE2e I/cot0+ tanO= r grd,secOl r.rl10=y,.ryoo11hat.,{qlflm . ,!*y-'Y = r tHbTsl
SOLUTION Wehave, ';:
: i:, i.:'" ,aoto + tanor= r and seco - coso = }r ,r; ,._ . .

11
:+ --'-- 4 tan0 = rand j- -cob0 = /
tan e cos S
i.. .:,. :,

+ 1+ tan2e _u
tan0 = randl-cos20
cos0

, sec2o ,sin2o
-1 =.1.anq-=U
tan0 cos0 r
:+ 1 - sin20
:---
smu=
------------:--=-
.t and = ll
crisO
cos26x
cosO .,-

:+
636 ; i,l.v.tA[HS!f-glC$:X

*, (ily)r/, '1, si"lg'= ,*26 6r{f [''l .1. i tii:: l

', ,Ozjtls =
cos'0- cos'0 - 1

Hence, (r'y),/, -(xy2)213 =1 :ri i, | : r:

'J'i,
EXAMPLE 30 lf acps0 + b sin0 = mand asin6': ri6;o pioi,i,i'thiri,t at'+ f : m2 + n2
tcBsE2001cl
SOLUTION Wehave, .,-,
RFIS=m2+n2
RHS = (acosO + &sin0)2 + (asinO -.ba*Of
=+ RHS = (d2co s2 o+b2 sin2}-zab cos0 sin0) + (a2sin3&+a2 cos2e +2ab sinO cosO)

+ RFIS = a2 1cos2 0 + sin2 0) + bz (sin2 0 + cos2 o;

:+ RHS = a2 +'b2 = LFIS

|
: :'''
. ;r '

'l , r.1,'
EXAMPLE 31 lf acos9 -Dsin0 ='c,pr(N)ethat astn$+&cosO = t
tcssE2001cl
SOLUTION Wehave,
(acos0 - b sin0)2 + (asinO + bcos0)2

= 7a2 cos2 0 + b2 Arn2 g - zab sin 0 cos 0) + (a2 sin2 o + b2cos20 + 2 ab sin 0 cos 0)
:i 1 ;r''' r'!;
= 42 (cos20+ sin20)+a2 1si#e+cos2'e; = ;2";'bL;
c2 + (asin0 + bcosO)2 = a2.+ b2 r ', . ["'aCoo0,-bsin0 = c]

+ (a sin0 + bcos0)2 = a2 +b2 - c2

+ asinO+bcoso =1,tfifii
ALITER Wehave, :.1

acos0-bsinO=c
:+ (acosO-bsin0)2 =62 [Squaringbothsides]
=t a2 cos2 0 + b2 sin2 o - 2ab sino coso = ,'
+ a2 (1 -sin2 0) + b21t- cos2 0) - 2absirro coso' =tc2

a2 sin20 + b2 cos2 0 + zabsino coso = a2 + b2 - c2

:+ (asinO + bcos0)2 = a2 +b2 - c2

asino + bcoso = 7r[Pl6z ]

EXAMPLE 32 Prooe that: (1 - sinQ + cosg)2 = 2 (1rf Co60X1 - sine) lcBsE2001cI
SOLUTION Wehave,
LFIS = (1- sin0 + cos0)2
. TRIGONOMETRICIDENTITIES 637

:+ LHS = 1.+sin20+cos20-2sin0+2cos0-2sinOcosO

=+ LHS = 2-2sinO+2cos0-2sin0cosO

=) LHS = 2 (1 - sin0) (1 + cosO) = RHS,.

EXAMPLE 33 I/sin0+sin20 =L,protntlmtcos20+cosa0 = L TCBSE2002Cl

SOLUTION Wehave,

sing+ sin20 = 1 + sin0 = L- sin20 =+ sin0 = cos2e

Now, cos2 e +cos40 = cos2o +(cos2o12

+ cos2e+cosao=cos2o+sin20 [.;coo20=sin0]

. EXAMPLE s4 I/sino+sin20='L,fm.dthewlue of
. cosl'0+3cos100+3cos80+cos60+2cosa0+2cos20-2 tHorsl
SOLUTION Wehave,

sing+sin20=1. + sin0=1-sin20 + sin0=cos20

. Now cosr2e + 3cos10 0 + 3cos80 + cos5 0 + 2cosa0 + 2cos2 0 - 2
= 1cos12 0 + 3 coslo 0 + 3cos8 0 + cos6 0) + 2 (cosa e + cos2 0 - 1)

= (sin2 0 + cos2 03 + 2 (sin2 e + cos2 0 - 1) = 1 + 2 (1 - 1) =

. EXAMrLEgs If aw.O+btan0*c = 0 andp*c}+qtan0 +r =O,prooethat

(br - qc)2 - (pc - ar\z = (aq -bp)z IHOTSI
SOLUTION Wehave,
. a.sec0+btan0*c=0
and, psec0+qtan0+r=0 j

Solving these two equations for sec 0 and tan 0 by the cross-multiplication, we get
secO tan0 1 - br-caandtanO
- co-ar
br-qc cp-ar aq-W+ SeCO
:-=-=-
aq-W aq-W
Now, secze-tan2e=1
(a, 12 t ;2
:+ I 4l -t ryl =r * .. .n
(br-cq)2 -(cp-ar)2 =(aq-bp)z
\aq-ry) \aq-op)
EXAMPLE 36 I/ sec0 + tan0 = p, obtain theaalues of sec},tanl andsin 0 in terms of p.
. SOLUTION Wehave,
' seco+tano=P ...(i)
Now rec2o-tan2o=1.
 :'i

. .t ..
""
ffi
,,;.i i iI * i4;f iif6.*-!!$ffi.-{*Sffi,#'f

+ p(sec0-tan0)=1+ sec0ltarlbt-1 '' ":t ...eU

P- !. : .
Addingandsubtracting(i)and(ii),wegetr '" ' ., ':, :'

t.:,;,
i ,-ri.: i. ::::,1L. ' i.lf :1 :'i;1;;11'-r,: ,ii;ltr,:- , ' -:

sec0 + tan30cosec0

- [ seco + tan3 gcosec g I

'l- ' tMultiplyiqgand.ilividingbysecel

l
' :::irriii::: ' 'r'':riil''j':''i "=;' :: i::il;1';:r1 1:'".i
-. =sBC6{t*tur,re.|fg}*
t sin0J ;

= s€cO
{t + tur,3 0 x cot 0}

=lfmt'1o""). '.,

= {r + $- o\f2 = 12- az)w

EXAMPLE ss :If sinel9i#,e"'ei113$'.+-1,.tlmWwtlai Os6O-*qd#UtgtOs2e = 4 .

SOLUTION Wehave,
sing+sin2e+sin3O=1
!+ sin0+sinS0=1-dln2e
::)
:,
sin0 (1 + sin2 0) = cos2 0

i
 TRICOI{OMETRTC I DENTTTTES
639

. + sin2 e (l + sin2 o)2 = cos4 o :: ,

=+ (1-coe2o){r+(1-cos2r)}' = cosae'
=+ (1 - - cos2 e12 = cos4 O
cos2 e) (2 : 'l

=) (1 - cos2 01 (4 - 4cos2 e + cosa e)

= cos{ e ,

:+ 4 - 4cos20 + cosa0- 4cos20 + 4cosa0

-cos6e = cos4O ,

:+ -cos6e+4cos40-gcos20+4=0 =+ cos60-4cosa0+gcos20,= 4
'
.
TypeIIr glllovtNcTBlGoNoMETRtctDEr{nrtesuvolvrHc,rR|GoNomETRtcFAno$oF
COMPLEMENTABYANGLES
: EXAMrLE 3e prooe thefottowing identities:

I (i) cosO sinO (90" - 0) + sinO cos(9Oo - 0) = 1

,. (ii) -1 = -sin20
-=;fi:tan 0
(iii) sin(90"-0)c9s(9g"-Q)=1-sin20,, .
tan0
. SoLUTTON (i) Wehave,
LHS = cosO sin (90" - 0) + sin0 c6s(90o _ 0)

sin0
=a LHS=cos20+sin20=1 =RHS
' (iil Wehave,

p1g=tr"_(90':J)r-9_1 :

:+ LHS= aTt"1--t =cos20-1=-(1-cos20)=-sin20=RFIS

. :+ LHS =
g{2q-e]s9l(9q_-e) ios-Osin0
= sin = co"20 = _sin20 = RHS
hn e 0/ cos 0
1.

EXAMPLE 40 proae that

t:\ sinO cos (90. - e) cosO . cos0 sin (90. - 0) sin0

sin 0)
(90'- e) - cos (90" -
r
: (i0 cose"2 (90" -0)- tan20 = cos2 (90"-e) +eos2e
SOLUTION (i) We.have,
.^_-
Hn sin0 cos (90.
rLrr.\= - O) los0 - f
cosO sin (90"
\
_ 0) _ sin0
sin (90' - 0) cos (90o - 0) -
LHS = t*j*fg.0- cos0sojgsin0
* = sin2 0 + cor2 0 = 1 = RHS
6.N
. . MATHEMATICS.X

(ii) Wehave,
LHS = cosec2 (90' - o) - tan2 o ['.' cosec (90'- 0) = sec$]

:+ LHS=sec26-tan20=1 ['r' *"'o - tan2o = 1]

and,
RFIS = cou2 19oo - o) + cos2o

=+ RHS=sin2e+cor2e=1 ['.' cos (90" - 0) = sing]

Hence, LHS = RHS
ExAMprE 41 Without.using trigonometric.tablesi coaluate erch of the fuJtwing:

sin2 20o + sinz 70o sin (90o - 0) sin0 . cos (90o - 0) cosO
tcBsE2002cl \
\'/ cos2 20" + cos2 7oo tane coto

40o + cos2 5oo

(ii) cos (40" + 0) - sin (50. - e) + ".r.2 lcBsE2002l
;f+o= *J5g.
SOLUTION (i) Wehave,
sin2 20o + sin2 70o sin (90' - 0) sinO . cos (90" - 0) coso
cor2 20o + cos2 70o tanO cotO

sin220" + sin2 190" - 20") . sin(90o- 0) sino, cos(90o - 0)cos0

=@--- tune --*te
sin2 2Oo + cos2 20o cosO sinO . sinO cosO I sin (90" - 0) = cos0l
- ;s2 20" + sin2 20" ' sin0 cos0 landl
cos0 sin0 fcos (90" - 0) = sine ]

-1*"or'o+sin2o=1+1=2
1
(ii) Wehave,
cos2 40" +,cos2 5oo
cos (40" + e) * sin (50" - 0) +
sin2 4oo + sin2 50"

- (40. + 0)} - sin (50o - 0).

= sin{90o
ffi
= sin(50. - 0) -sin (50" - rl - ffiffi =o+
] = r

EXAMPLE 42 Without using trigonometric tables, analuate each of the following:

/i\
u'' "os2- 200 + cos2-'o+2cosec258o-2cots8otan32o
7o-1
* zcosec2 5go - 2cot 580tan 320
sect 50o - cot'40o
-4tant3otan37otan45otan 53o rrn77o ICBSE2006Cl

(il) sec 39o*: 2

tnn 17" tan38o tan 60o tan 52o tan 73" - g(sin2 31o + sin2 59o)
cosec 51o Jg
--
lcBsE2006cI
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES 6.41

(90" - 0) + sec 0 cosec (90o:- 0) + sin? 35o + sin2 55"

(iii) -tan cot
0
lcBsE 200s1
tan 10" tan 20o tan 30o tan 70o tan 80o

(iv) sec2-54o - cot2

-36o + 2 sin2 3go sec2 s2o - sin2 45o lcBsE2005l
cosec'57o - tan'33o

@ ?cosec2
Ut' -
3
cot 58o tan 32o -
3
,* 13o tan 37o tan 45o tan 53o tan77o

cosl z]" + cos] zo"

+ 2 cosec2 5go - 2cot Sgotan 32o
sec'50o - cot'40"
-4 tan 13o tan 37o tan 45o tan 53 tan77"
-31=:)
= "*:'=9. "T;,9:=" + 2cosec2 58o - 2cot 58oran (e0" - s8.)
sec' 50o - cot'(90o - 50o)
-4 tan 13o tan 37o tan 45o tan (90" - 37') tan (90" - 13)
cosl zr + sinl zo'
- + 2 cooec2 5go - 2cot2 5go
sec'50o - tan'50"
*4 tan 13o tan 37" tan 45o cot 37o cot 13o

=!+z(cosec2 58o-cot2 58')-4 (tan l3ocot 13') (tan 37o cot37) tan 45.
1

= 1. + 2 - x],x 1 x 1 = 3 - 4 = -1.
(ii) Wehave,

-EIq- * | r*rL7o tan38o tan 60o tan 52o tan 73" 4(sin2 31" + sin2 59o;
cosec 51" J3
sec 3{--*
=.or* (g0'-gg') } runllo tart3So tan 60o tan (90"-3g.) tan (90.-1Zo)
./g
*3 (sin2 st" + sin2 (90" - 31"))
sec 39o
= -sec *
39o l
rur lTo tan38'x .,/$ x cot 38o x cot L7o -3 (sin2 31o + cos2 31o)
J3

=r*Ar6-3x1.=1+2-3=0
a/3
l

(iii) Wehave,

-tan 0 cot (90" - 0) + sec 0 cosec (90'--e) + sin2 35" + sin2 55o
tan 10o tan 20o tan 30o tan 70o tan 80o

-tan 0 tan 0 + sec e sec e + sin2 35" + sin2 (90o - 35")

tan 10o tan 20" tan 30o tan (90" * 20') tan (90" - 10')

-tan2 o + sec2 0 + sin2 35o + cos2 35o

6.42
MATHEMATICS-X -

='2d3
(tan 10o cof 10") (tan 20" coi 20.
'
(iv) Wehave, "T=;;r
V3 ./3

+ 2 sin2 -
#rH#* 3Bo sec2 52o sin2 4so

secls*. - cot2(go.: .sj:)-_

+I 2 o'r
sin2 ss
3go -secz (90o _ 3g") _ sin2 4so
cosec2 (90'- 33') - tan2 33" -

= sec2: g3o - tan233" + 2 sin2 38o cosec2 3g" - sin2 4So

sec2 54o tan2 54o
'

-
=1*r,,-(#)' =r-l=Z
(v) Wehave,
5
3 *r".'58'
----- -- - 33 cot
.-. 58o q* 32o
-- tan ea - tant3. tangTo tan 45o tan 53" tan77"
3 i
3.o*'ur'-Scotsotan(90"-s8.)-
=
! *t3otan 3zo tan4so
tan (90" - 37) tan (90o - 13)

= 3.o*"' 58 - 3 cot2 s8 - !3onr.

- tan37o tan 4So at- 3z?cot
3 3 13o
:-----

= 31cosec2 58o-cot2 S8.)-: tan13o

---- -- tan37ox1x
1 >< 1
' 3 3
---- -' -- -:'
tan3f " trun 13"
2-5 2
=5"t-3=I 5
E=-r.
EXENC,SE 6.'
Proae the follozoing trigonometric identities:

1. (1 - cos2 e; cosec2 e = L 2. (1 + cot2 A) sin2 A+ 1

3. tan2ocos2o=1-cos2e 4. ;*".slq:; =1
1
5. (sec2o - l)(coeec2o - 1) = 1 6. tanO + sec0 cosec 0
tan0
cosO 1+sin0. cosO _ 1-sin0
= 8;
1- sinO cosO 1+sinO cos0
1

9. cos2e+---a-=1 10.
^1
sin'A* '. -1
1+cot"A 1+ tan'A
,1.G.0 1- coe0 sinO
sinO -
11. = cosec0 - cot0 12.
{1 + cose 1+ cos0
sin0 I sin0
-
13. = cosec0+cot0 14. :-(sec0-tan0)2
1 _ cose 1+ sin0
TRICONdMETRIC IDENTMIES

15. (cosec 0 + sinO) (cosec 0 - sinO) = cot2 g + cos2 e

,a. (1 + cot2_o) tan o

= cot o
sec'0
17. (secO .+ cos0) (sec$ - cos$) = tan2e + sin2 0 :

18. secA (1 - sinA) (secA + tanz4) = 1

19. (cosecA - sinA) (secA - cosA) (tanA + cotA) = t
..]
21. (1+ tan20)(1 - sin0)(1 + sino) = 1 22. sin2 Acot2 A+ cou2 Atarl A = 1

23. (, coto-tan6=2cos2o-1 (ii),tan,-cot'-2sin2Q-1'

sin0 cos0 sin 0 cos 0

,n. tT'9 cceco + sino

- 2s' G;nA -
1,
1
sin0 =o
G;ro = 2sec2A
,.. ':#. ffi = Zseco tNcERrr 2r.
(1 + sin0)2,1 (1 - sin 1,+ sin2 0
1,- sin2 e

*. ++# = (1.g)' =,u,,,, TNCERTI

,r. 1+ seco = -gd r- NcEnfl 30. -++

tanO ----
cotO
sec0 1 - cosO 1- cot0 1- tan0
=1+tano+coto
31. sec50=tan50+3tan2esec20+1 92. eosec5 0 cot6 o + 3cot2 e coaec2 o + 1
=
,r. (1 + tan2 9) coto
= tan, l+cosA 1
co6ec'0 sin2A= 1-cosA
secz4 - tanA
J|t. =--..__--=-
--'
cos2A
36.
1'+ cosA
_g34_
secA + tanA (1+ sinA)2 sinA =
1 - cosA

= secA + tanA INcEKg *. mT = *.i - cotA

1- sinA
\
(secA - tanA',2
' - 1+ sinA i;#*=(cotA-cosecA)2
L1 + - cooA+ -----
:-----. sin,A
secA-1 secA+1 =2cosecAcotz4 1- tanr{ 1- cotA =sinr{+cosA
cosecA cosecA -
+-_--=Zgp16.A r
cosecA-1 cosecA+1
6e r : :, rMATtffMATIeS-X

,l\ t
44. (1+ an2, ). 1+ lcBsE2006cl
[ ;h)= sin2A-sinaA

A
tarr2 cof A
cotA-cosA eosecrt
= --;-:---ri
-l ;

15. --------=-- * =I cotA+cosA cosecA+1

1+tan'A ---;- 1+cot'A
INCERI,CBSE2o0SI

(ill + cos0 + sinO 1 + sinO /rt\ sinO-cosO+l 1

47.
" 1+cos0-sin0 - cos0 \r' sin0 + cos0 -1 secO - tan0
cos0-sinO+1
(iii) ::r::j#
' 'cosg+sinu+l = cos€cO + cotO INCERII i

1111-
qt7 =. c*A - se"L-- t tcBsE 200s1
secA+ tarG
"A
49. tan-?,AEcgt1/ A cosqq2 A - 2, 50.
l-urrf
-_-=--
A= tan-).lt
=..qpc2 cot'A - 1

51' f i#'=cosece ' 'i ' :' 5tr;

, coe0 cosO "-

cosecO+1 cos€c0-1

5i- 1+cos0-sin2e
-' ---- --- - =cotO
-^
sin0 (1 + cos0) ;

sc '*'9 + cot3I = seco cosec 0 * 2sinocos 0

1+tan'0 1+cot'0

L = sinn 0 i;cosn 0, prove tlt"t %& =" *? ''

''
55. If

/ \2 ^

Y*[*o- 1 ]'-rfr+sin]el
so. 1t",.,.*
'
'-;;oJ -[*'" c*eJ --tr-sin2eJ
( t 1 )-,..racos2,=f-sinl0coslg
s?'
[Fo-.*z.e *;;r*r7rJ'-
* " 2+sin2ecos'e

(t+sine-cm0Y t-coso
1+sin0+cosO I 1+cosO
I\./

59. (secA + tanA - 1) (sec A - rlnA + l) = 251rn

60. (1 + cot,4 - cosecA) (L + tanA + secA) = I

61. (cosec 0 - sec 0) (cot0 - tan 0) = (cosec 0 + sec 0) (sec e cosec 0 - 2)

62. (sec A - cosec A) (1 + tan A + cot A) = tan Asec A - cot A cosec A

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES 6.45

cosAcosecA - sinAsecA
= cbsecA - secA
cosA + sinA
sinA cosA
=f
secA + tanA -1' cosecA + cotA - 1

65. t*4 =*(L totf .=sinAcosA

+ tarr' A)'
('1. + cot'A)'

cot'z4-ttgl- tl sec2^(ir#)
66. secaA(1 _ sina A) _Ztarr2 A =r .r. =

68. (1.+ cotA+ tanA)(sinA-cosA) = = sinAtanA- cotAcosA

"ffi #
lcBsE 20081

69. sin2Acos2B-cos2Asin2B = sin2,4 - sinzB

+ tanB
20.
cotA + tanB
= cotA tanB 71. tanA = tanA tanB
cotB + tanA cotA + cotB
72. cot2 Acosec2 B - cot2 B cosec2 A= cot2 A- cot2 B :

73. tarlA sec2 B j sec2 Alrrr] B = tan2 A- tan2 B

7q. lfr = asecO:*.&tan0andy atan0t&:see0.pro-vethqt 12 -!2 =,o'-b,' ,

= lcBsE zoo1, 2oo2cl

75. If lcoso + = l and lsin0 -

{cose = 1, Prove *, *t
*# = , lHoTsl
f;sine
76. Ifcosec0-sinO = d3,secO-cos0 = &3,Provethata2 b21az +b')=L tHorsl
77. llacos30+3acos0sin20 = m,asin30+3acos20sinO = n, Provethat
(m + n)2/3 + (m - n12/t - 2oz/3 IHOTSI

7g, Ilx= 4 cos3 O,A = bsin3 0, Prove ,h"t(;)l" *(X)''' =, IHOTSI

79. lt gsin 0 + 5 cos 0 = 5r

Prove that 5 sinO - 3 cosO = t 3.

80. If acos0+&sinO= mandasin0-bcosO =r7t Ptovethata2 +b2 =k''+ o' IHorsl

81. If cosec0+coto = rn andcosec0- cot0 = rr,ProYethatr.nn =l
82. If cosA+cou2 A=l,provethatsin2 A+sina A=! tHoTsI

83. Provethat:

@ = 2coseco lcBsE 2001,2006c1

Isec0-1

/i'ffi = 2sec o tcBsE 20011

I1+ sinO
 t.-

6.M MATHEMATICS-X

(,,,)
m.m3=2cosece
. sec0-1 / sin0 \2
(i') r"ce+1={.1...r0.J lcBsE2001cl
/--\ sinO+1-cos0 1+sinO
lcBsE 2001cI
cosO - 1+ sin0 cos0

84. If cos0 + cos2 0 = 1, prove that

sinl2 0 + 3 sinl0 0 + 3 sin8 0 + sin6 0 + 2 sin{ 0 + 2 sin2 0 - 2=1 IHOTSI
85. Given that:
(1 + cosa)(1 + cosp) (1 + cosy) = (1 - cosa)(1 - cosp)(1 - cosy)
Show that one of the values of each member of this equality is sin e sin p siny IHOTSI

86. If sino+coso= r,provethatsin60+cos6g=.l-t-Q':u. HoTsl

87. lf x= asec0coso,y = bsecOsingand z= ctan0,show *ri.#-{ =rtHors]

6.3 VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATTOS tN TERMS OF THE VALUE OF
ONE OF TTIEM
In this sectiory we will find the remaining trigonometric ratios when one of the trigonometric
ratios'is given. We will also find the values of trigonometric expressions for the given value
of oneof the trigonometric ratios.
Findingatlothertrigonomctricratiosofangte o whenthetsahteof sinoisgioan:
Let sin0 = r.Then,

cos0 = .h - *in2 o =+ coso = F?

tano=sino- -:-,coto= 1 =
,lr=
cosO ,b - *, tanO x

coseco= l==1 *'*

*d suco= -
1 -- 1
sinO r cose
f=
Finitingallothertrigonometricratiosofangle 0 whmtheoaltrcof cos} isgioan:
l€t cosO =r. Thery
r-_7.
sin0=.r/t-cos20 + sin0 =,tl-x2
tano=sino- rlt-*'.coto= 1 =--j-
cos0 x tanO ,fi - x2
cosecg= 1 .secg= 1 =1
sinO Jt - *,
' cos0 r
TRIGONOMETRIC'IDENTITI ES 6.47

Findirryallothertrigonometricratiosofanangle 0 whentheoalueof tan| isgiam:

[€t tane
tanQ = r. Then.
Thery

seco = .h + tan2 o =t secg = !6;7

Cotg= 1,=1,cosg= 1 1
=_.-_
tan0 x' sece ,tt+ x2

sino= =m ,.I
=:
,/q;7
and, = :t , @
coseco
sine
=
x
If thevaluesof cosm 0, sec0 or coto aregiven.rrorntheglven?aluesweobtainthevaltresof
sin0,cosO or tanO respectively and.then proceed as discussed above.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXATIIPLES
e
EXAMPLEl f sin0 = 2,trnd theoalues of other trigonometricratios.

SOLUTION Wehave, sinO = I5

4
Cos0 =
5

+ 9,secg I
cosecg =
sin0= 3' = -J=
cos0= 4
tano=sino-3/5-1 u.,acoto= | =4
cosO 4/5 4 tanO 3
EXAMPLE z lf cotl = fina the aaluesf cosecO and sece.
fi,
SOLUTION Wehave, cot$ = 2
N

cosecO = + cot2 0

Now, cotg = 140

a + tanu=-i-
40 cotO 9

EXAMPLE s I/ coso = ! , lrd

J the oalueof-3:ecg
-' ',
2' 1+ tan2-€
 'a

6,48 r.:r;:li i.:-rr.;tvlt@Etd{8l€SEX i

SOLUTION Wetravei :

1 .':,:r{'1".g :i r)i!i.: i..rI

COSQ=a+SeC$= :=2
2 cosO :' *

2sec0 2sec0 2 2

f + sin0
EXAMPLE { I/tng=13
i,fi"atnr*ty,of ,ffi,-
.;r
' 'li'
soLUfioN wehave,tane=f .,I,,

"'
- i, tlirr.* i lii:i.r
e
SOLUTION Wehave, sin0 = itr '. :ii:l
\'L;i".ir." iiilri;i.*

cosO = 1-sin2o =F{3I*ffi=,ffi=f

EXAMrLE6 "' '" ': ;; '.''

l/hne =?u,findtluoaluerlh#.,i,

soLUTroN Wehave,u"eJf ' . '.., ,, - ,: r i'

1:t-l'.r'r"

rndffi,r$t$&tR{e'tDENTmEs 8i$
r! ?li"l
14
Now.
I tv"' COSO = --:- =+ COS0 = i l
secO 5 ! ; , ,.:-i :- .
i - "i-rll

+ f ':. rl 1r,r9q5.11 .i::)i.i

1 .!'r. ).1
t,,i,:
*
EXAMPLE i I/ coso =
!,frna
thevalue ofcot0 + cosecei''
''
.'',':1;'o* '' i,it,li.la .i;t '''t'
' 'ttil "r'
SOLUTION Wehave, cosO = i5

'"'I =-
coto * coto = Y:
coso
sin0 =+
4/ 5 4
1
coseco=# + cc,"""e = I
4
3 5 g ^'
, t' ) -

cot e.+ cosec 0 = Z

i+ i- tr'=

EXAMPLE a I/sin0+cos0 = Osin{90o -0),detominccot|'

. . r:
SOLUTION Wehave, .,'',,) ''":'' ' , ,,
sin e + cog0 = S sin (90'* 0), . ..,
:+ sin0+co60=#"*e
+ sin0 =.Ecosg-cos'g ' ':"' ' r
+ sin0=(.8-1)cosg

+ coeg cos0
tan0=(Jt-1)

(Jz + u 4jL; ;
:3 cot 0"= ; rE+ti = tE +t'
':'

:l
. ;,,,. | ; 1i: ,; irir,
a: r; :,; . 1i ;i r!.i'il'f i ::':ri

s If tans --- + ,find - @:S

1

EXAMrLE tne adtiuo1 .

""-'
^lV
cosec2 e + sec2 o'
..rt:itii aiirl ,,:1i'11 ;
:, :: ,1
SOLUTION Wehave,
1LE ','irrj,i.-
tanQ= |+cotO=:-:=.,1'/
,17 tan0
i":,:) '1.\ i , ,;':,
,, t':
 {=
1

650 ,.; ,:1, : :':.;,:r ;MA,$!EIYIATI(,8:.X

I 1

Now
)
sec2o = 1 + tanz0 =+ sec20 = I +f AY = t ;1'='g
7
"'
\.17) 7 l

cosec2o = 1 + cot20 =+ cosec20 = 1 + (J7y2 = L i7 ='8.

:

cosec2o-sa:c]e=S ' '

" *;'e+ seFe -;g -4s/z=gq=9
- -
w? &- 4
, ::: t;: ! ir ,:i:'ii 'i:r! '
7,' ...,..,', i

EXAMpLE 10 I/ tan e + cot O = 2,find the aatue af tan2 O + cot2 g. 1

SOLUTION Wehave, : i::':'! r. . .1i.; :' r: ,

"i.:: \
tan0+cot0=2

=+ tan2$+cot20+2tanQcotQ=4 ., .
,,'.' ::r'-r'-i
-

=r tan2e+cot20+2=4 [.'tan0cot0=1]
+ tan20+cot20=2

EXAMpLE 11 r/ cosec A = &) finit the oatue

'of##+"$l
4tai'A-cm'A
SOLUTION Wehave,

cosecA = Ji =.1= = JI -sir,A = *

sin A 42

1
t.
Now, cos A = {q=i#7 =+ cosA =
"E i::
1
t*4 1 .. 7
tanA = - tanA = $=,
cosA and cotA =
tand.,
+COIA=l=1
a

Hence,
2sinz A +3cotz A
' -____i______;_ =
# I *rt,r _zxf,+s_ 1+3 _ 8'
4tan'A-cos"A
40)2-(#l +-lZ,:i ''.7,/2 7
.

,t " .' '] ' l

(2 + 2sin 0) (t - sin 0)
EXAMPLE 12 I/ cot 0 = !',
8' **-rlro+r..|}]$$-(1;$1$
(1 + co*0X2 .2cos0)
lcBsE 20(x11

(2+2sin0)(1*sin0)
(1 + cos e) (2 - 2 cosO)
TRIGOT\ffi TRK'IDENTItIES q€,r

= 3!ll-*nll11-'T.9,. .:,, ,':.:' .", ,' I , . ,

2(1+cos0)(1-cos6)- :
:ii,i,...,:;

##=#=[#l =(ootd=(f
l=X r'!* irji,..l.l'

rxa}rrrs r3 I/ sin0 = ,0 < e < w, find thezmluesol'rw0"irid tarr0. :'! a

\ ffi
SOLUTION Wehave, sin0 = -,-+-
1la2 +b2 i a;.x i.-:.-.t .,

tano= sino * tano= fl

cos 0 b
i

EXAMPLE tt' 1 prwethat;

lf sec0 = tr++, .. sec0+ ten0 =Zxu,=-
,1
4i', .zx
$OLUfIClN:Weh*ve,.i,1
,.'''.-'
,*g=**1
4x
tan20=sec2o-L
. -t

tan2o=l,r*Af-r
t 4*)
tan2e= x2+J^*1-t
'1,5x' 2
1=
tan2o=ir'*
16x'-.12.. , ,,r "..rri\r,i." .

+ ran2o=fr-af
t 4rl
tano = *( *- 1)

::1.:'!l:: 'r *l ,t:!ji l

 J l'--

..:il' ii i i"{ci,j lihFl$&ft[EfllEg$X

'.
1
i tii ii_i,r: : 1- ,

- ii i',", s*r: , i i i.
, ii. .,, ,.,1'
' ,,,.
. ,111;r,,,1.r -::1'

" ,,- i':,', . '.: i '

l,t
t'fr,"'P.r($

:+ sec26-tan20=1 ii r.,:',r,',ir.iii ji,r'r : rl: ; ::,.'

:+' (sec0-tan0)(s€c0+tan0)= 1

+ l,(sec0-tan0) = 1
.:i
,; i.*" ,. ,,. - l: ,'r.,.[Using (i)]

:+ secO- turrg = IT li ii.;.

. ..(ii)
,i ;t,
Adding(i)and(ii),weget : i..
'i! ;i .rl r:.

2seco = l+1L..j 'tt

I r {.}i ll. i r i ii ,{t:. :i 'il,ri.;}ii
rr'l j (Givm)'l'J
=+ z(,+*)=^.* | ... sec,0,*.t'+
L 4x'
t '' ,

=+
zx+L=I+1
2x l"
r'r ',.r, ii'.'r.

1. : r:. ; r ': r 'i:: ,i::

:+ )u=2x or, i=l 2x "[orn '_comparing two sidesl
a

j ) ".
}.I ,.1
.1 iiiji
: -Ii:11

+ seco+tano= 2fr,!
'2x
: . ".1 :'ll ,

tand
EXAMPLE 15 I/ sec 0 + tan e = x , obtilin the oaluea oI r* 6, tanb' sinO
SOLUTION Wehave, I
l.

.'!
sec2o-tan2o=1 :

+ (sec0+ tan0)(sec0- tan0) = 1

+ ' r(sec0-tanel=1 {;,,., ij

.1 r.,
i secO-tan0=i
- ir't '' '"i :
Thus,wehave 'c ,'.
i''
,*.e+tano=r and,secO-**1. "
Afdine and subtrltins *"auons, wf Bet :

2sec0 = r+ jfrc* ::
and, }tan0 = r--
xx
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES 653

s€co=!(
2\ **1lurd,
x)
tano=1fr-1)
2t x )
7( 1\
sino =
tano z['-;l:*'-1
= sino = !( **1)
sec 0 12+1
2[ x )
EXEBCiSE 6.2

1. If cos g=!, findallothertrigonometricratiosofangle

o 0
5.
2. If sin , = angle 0
#,findallothertrigonometricratiosof
g. If tan g = A. find the varrr" o, cosec2 o - sec2 e
"- cosecz 0 + cot2 0
"li
? 1-amA
4. If tan g = find the valu".f
1, ,1#
s. If E find the val,r" of 1 * th o
tan g =
5' 1-sin0
1-cos2o
6. If cotg = a. fi.,
----d thevalueof _
J-, 2 ri;r6

2 sin2-A + 3 co!2 A
7. [f cosecd = .,[, find the value of
4 (tan2 A - cos2 A;
cosec] I + cotl e
8. If cot 0 = J3, find the value o,
"' cosec2 o - sec2 o

9. If 3 cos 0 - 1, find the value of o sinl e + Pn2 0

4cos0
10. tf J3 tan 0 = 3 sin 0, find the value of sin2 0 - cos2 e tcBsE 20011

11. If cosec g = E, 2 sin 0 - 3 cos 0

L2' -
find the valu" o,
4sin0-9cos0 lcBsE 20011

12. If sinO + cosO = Ocos (90'- 0), find cot0

AA'SWEFS
l. sin 0 = 3 /5, tan0 = 3/ 4, sec 0 = 5/4, cosec 0 = 5 /3,cot0 = 4/3
1- g
2. cos 0 = tanO = 1,sec = .li.,cosec 0 = ..E, cot 0 =
fr, L

4.,3 1321
4. A 5.25 6. B 7.2 a.
7
'
9. 10 10.
; 11. 3 12. J-z-L
6.il MAEIEMATIC$-X

Very Short AnswerType Questlons (t/$AOs)

Multiple Choice Questions $nCAsl
Summary
VSAOs
Answer eachof thefollowingquestions eitherinoneworilor one seatmceor asperrequiremai of the
questions:
1. Defineanidentity.
2. What is the value of (1 - .or? el cosec2 e ? : i

3. What is the value of (t + cot2 e) sin2 0 ?

_1
4. What is the value of sin2 e +
;fr2, ?

i
5. If sec0 + tane = r, writethevalueof sec0 - tan0 intermsof x.
!
6. If cosec 0 - cot 0 = cx,,writethevalueof cooec 0 + cot cL
7. Writethevalue of cosec2190" - e) - tan2 O.
8. Writethev3lue of sinA cos (90' - A) + cosA sin (90" - A).

9.' Writethevalueof cot2 0 - -1-.

sin'0
10. If r=asin0 andy=bcos0,whatisthe.valueof bzl +a2fZ
A
11. If sin0 = I,whatisthevalueof cot0+cosec0?
5
12. What is the value of 9 cot2 0 - 9 cosec2 0 ? 'r.,

13. What is the value of 5tan2

f-?
A -- 0
cost

1l. what is the value of E2 o - sec2=o ?

. , cot2o-cosec2e' : i
15. What is the vhlue of (1 + tan2 e) (1 - sino) (1 + sino)?
4
16. If cosA = 1, fitdthevalueof tanA+cotA. lcBsE 20081
25'

17. If sin 0 = 1, then find the value ol 2 cotz 0 + 2. lcBsE2fixrl

3'
?
18. If cos 0 = l,4 then find the value of 9 tan2'0 + 9.

19. If sec2 0 (1 + sin0) (1 - sin0) = k,'then find the value of k' ICBSE200!rl

20. If cosecz 0 (1 + cos 0) (1 - cos 0) = 1,, then find the value of ),.
21. If sin2 0 cos2 0 (1 + tan2 e) (1 + cot2 e) =- ),, then find the value of 1,.

5
22. If 5r = sec0and
x=
tane, findthevalueof S[r'- 1.). lcBsE 20101
\ x')
 TRIGOTJOWfT-IRIC IDENTITIES
656

",
23. If ccec O = 2x. and cotO = a , findthevalueor z(f3.
x i) tcBsB2010l

A'VStryEBS
" 1" 1.'
2- 1, 3. 1 4. I 5.'l::
x 7.1 &1
0,
9. -1 10. tt.2 t2. -9 T6, , '
. 15,
1 s2Y2 .'14. 1 1,
gg l
, ,. t
16.
158
17. 18. 18. 15 1?. 1 1, , ,, 21. 1l: x2, ;5
23. 1
2

1. If secO + tan0 = r.then secO =

(a) x2r+l o;# (c) {2,:

2x
t (d)
x2 -l
_;*
2. If sec0 + tan O = r,,ihan'tan 0 = :::,

(d+ o+ (c)
x2
-i*zx
+l ,,,,
(o.#
3.
IiffiE' is equal to
{1 _ stne
(a) secO + tane (b) seC0 - tanO
(c) sec2 e + tanz e (d) sec2o- t6114o

4. Thevalueof .@ i,--
Il-cose
(a) cote - cosecg
al cosecO
I
j-'
+ cotO
(c) cosec2 0 + cot2 0 (d) (cotO + cosec0)2
t.,
seca A - sec2 A is equal to
(a) tan2 A - tan4 A (b) tinaa-tan2A'
(c) tana A + laln2 A (d) tarfaitur,na
cosa A - sina A is equal to
(a) 2cos2e + 1 (b) 2cos2a - 1
(c) zsin2A-t (d) 2;iin'a', +.r'
:::lt

sin0
7. is equal to
1+ .rre
,(u) -;ie-
1 + cosO
o)
1;: cos0
cos0
(")
1.- cos0
-ffio- (O
, *"*o
l*sinO
 :MATHEMAT.ICS;X

sin0 cosO is equal to

1-cot0 :*
:_____= +
1-tan0 rt
(a) o (b) 1 (c) sin0 + cosO (d) sinO - cosO r
\
9. The value of (1 + cotO - cosec 0) (1 + tanO + sec0) is I
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 0
tanO tanO isequalto
-+
secO - 1. secO + 1
(a) 2 tan0- (b) 2 secO (c) 2 cosecO (d) 2 tanO secO

11. (cosecO - sinO) (sec0 - cos0) (tan0 + cot0) is equal .l

(a) o (b) 1 (c)-1 (d) Noneofthese j

12, lf x = acosO and A = b sin1, then b2x2'+ o'y' =

(a) a2 b2 b) ab (c) aa ba (d) az +b2

13. If x = a secO $dy - btanO, then b2r2 - o'y'=

(a) ab (b) a2 -b2 (cl a2 +b2 (d) a2 b2

44.
cot0 +-_-tan0 is equal to
cotO cot30 tanO
- - tan30
(a) o (b) 1 (c) -1 (O 2

15. 2(sin6 e + cL5 0) - 3 (sina 0 + cosa 0) is equal to

(a) o (b) b (e) -,1 (d) Noneofthese
16. If acosg +bsin0 = 4 and asin0 - bcosO = 3, then a2 + b2 =
(a) 7 (b) 12 (c) 25 (d) Noneofthese ,l

17. lf acot}+ bcoseco = p and, Dcoto + acoseco = 4, then p, - q, =

(a\ a2 -b2 (b) b2 - a2 (c) a2 +b2 (dl u - a
18. The value of sin2 29o + sin2 61o is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2sin2 2g' (d) 2cos2 6L
19, lf x = rsin0cosO,! = t sinO sinQand z = rcos0, then
ia) 12 +y2 +22 =r2 (b) 12 +y2 -z.2 =r2
(c) r2 -y2 +22 =r2 (d) z2 +y2 -x2 =rZ
20. If sinO + sin2 0 = 1, then cos2 o +'cosl0 =
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) o (d) Noneofthese
21. If acosO + bsin0 = il atrd asin0 - bcosO = fl, then a2 + b2 =
(a) m2 - n2 (b) m2n2 (c) n2 -m2 (d) m2 +n2
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES 6.57

22. lf cosA + cos2 A = 1, then sin2 A + sina A =

(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) Noneofthese

23. lf x= dsecOcosQ,y = bsec0singand z = ctanL,then{ *# =

_2 -2 _2
@)a (b) 1-
i G) A -1 (d) 1+,
z2

24. If acos0 - bsin0 = c, then asin0 + bcos0 =

19 1,|ffi P1 a,tffi
(c) tJc2 -a2 -b2 (d) Noneofthese

25. 9sec2 A-9tanzA isequalto

(a) 1 (b) e (c) 8 (d) 0 INCER]TI
26. (1+ tan e + sec 0) (1 + cot 0 - cosec 0) =
(a) o (b)1 (c)1 (d)-1
27. (*c A + tan A)(1- sin A) =
(a) secA (b) sinA (c) cosecA (d) cosA TNCERTI
1+tan2A
28. is equal to
1+ coFZ
(a) sec2 A (b) - t (c) cot2 A (o |,flrf A INCERTI

AA'SWEBS
1. (b) 2- (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b)
7. (c) 8. (c) e. o) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (a)
13. (o 14. (b) ls. (c) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (a)
\
19. (a) 20. (b) 21. (d) n.G) 23. (d) 24. O)
25. o) 26. (c), 27. (d) 28. (d)
SUMMANY
1. An equation is called an identity if it is true for all values of the variable (s) involved.
2. An equatiol involvlng trigonometric ratios of an angle is called a trigonometric identity
if it is true for alllalues of the angle
3. Following are some trigonometric identities:

0 sin20+cos20 = 1 or,1 -cos20 = sin20 or, l-sin20 = cos20

(ii) r + tan20 = sec20 or, sec20- tan20 = l

(iii) t + cot20 = cosec2e or, co6ec20- cot20 = l.