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Review MODULE 1 – STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

A punch for making holes in steel plates is shown in the figure. Assume
STRESS – unit strength of materials. The stress in any that a punch having diameter d = 20mm is used to punch a hole in an 8-
member under loading is: mm plate. If force P = 110 KN is required to create a hole,
σ 
P
A
where: σ = stress P = force A = area

Normal Stress - either tensile or compressive stress produced

by force acting perpendicular to the area.
Shearing Stress – is produced whenever the applied load
causes sliding to the sections. It is either a single shear or
double shear.
Bearing Stress – is the contact pressure between separate
bodies.
a. What is the average shear stress in the plate?
PROBLEM 1 b. What is the average compressive stress in the punch?
A hollow circular post ABC supports a load P 1 = 1700 lb acting at the top. c. What is the average bearing stress in the plate?
A second load P2 is uniformly distributed around the cap plate at B. The
diameters and thicknesses of the upper and lower parts of the post are PROBLEM 4
dAB = 1.25 in., tAB = 0.5 in., dBC = 2.25 in., and tBC= 0.375 in., Two plates, upper plate 15mm thick and lower plate 10mm thick, ar
respectively. joined by four rivets of 20 mm diameter as shown. Assume the load is
equally divided among the rivets.

a. Calculate load P that can be applied if the shearing stress in

the rivets is limited to 80 MPa.
b. Calculate load P that can be applied if the bearing stress in the
plates is limited to 140 MPa.
c. Calculate load P that can be applied if the tensile stress in the
rivets is limited to 100 MPa.
a. Calculate the normal stress in the upper part of the post.
b. If it is desired that the lower part of the post have the same d. What is the maximum safe load P?.
compressive stress as the upper part, what should be the
magnitude of load P2. DEFORMATION OF MEMBERS UNDER AXIAL LOADING
c. If P1 remains at 1700 lb and P 2 is now set at 2260 lb, what new
thickness of BC will result in the same compressive stress in PL
both parts.  where:  = axial deformation
AE
P = axial force
PROBLEM 2
A = constant cross sectional area
An L – shaped concrete slab 12 ft x 12 ft (but with a 6 ft x 6 ft cutout) and
L = length
thickness t = 4 in., is lifted by three cables attached at O, B and D, as
E = Modulus of Elasticity
shown in the figure. The cables are combined at point Q, which is 7.0 ft
PROBLEM 5 (25 points)
above the top of the slab and directly above the center of mass at C.
The rigid bars ABC and EFG are supported by pins at C and G. The
Each cable has an effective cross sectional area of 0.16 in2.
vertical rods are made of aluminum with stress strain diagram shown and
bronze with properties given.
a. Compute the stress,and elongation in the aluminum rod.
b. Compute the stress and elongation in the bronze rod.
c. Calculate the vertical movement of point A and F.

a. Find the tensile force in each cable.

b. Find the average stress in each cable.
STRAIN ENERGY

PROBLEM 3
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U  W 
Pδ
U 
P L
2
AEδ
2
y
2
U 
 Uniaxial Stress:
x
2L
2AE

Where :
U = strain energy W = work Hooke’s Law:

PROBLEM 6
υ υx υy υz
For the given truss shown P = 100 KN, H = 3m and β = 30o. Assume that ε εx  εy  εz 
E E E
both members of the truss have the same axial rigidity AE whose A = 600 E
mm2, E = 200 GPa

a. Find the strain energy of the two bars. Multiaxial Stress:

b. Find the deformation of each bar.
c. Find the vertical displacement of joint B.
 εx   1 - ν - ν   σx 
  1  
 εy    - ν 1 - ν   σy 
 ε  E  
 z  - ν - ν 1   σz 
PROBLEM 9
A steel rectangular block 1 in. wide, ½ in. deep and 4 in. long, is
subjected to an axial tensile load of 10.5 kips. Measurements show
the block to increase in length by 2.8x10-3 in. and to decrease in
PROBLEM 7 width by 0.21x10-3 in.
Three round bars having the same length L but different shapes are a. Determine the modulus of elasticity of the material
shown. Disregard the weights of the bars. If d = 200mm, E = 140 GPa, L b. Determine Poisson’s ratio of the material.
= 5m, P = 50KN,
a. Determine the strain energy of the first bar. DILATATION e, is the change in volume per unit volume. It
b. Determine the strain energy of the second bar.
c. Determine the strain energy of the third bar. is also equal to volumetric strain.

V e  εx  εy  εz
e
V
when a material is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure, p

p E stress
e=- K= K=
K 3(1  2 )
e

where: K is the bulk modulus of the material

or modulus of compression of the material

E
IMPACT LOADING Shear Modulus, G G=
2 1  υ) 

PROBLEM 10
A short solid cast iron cylinder is subjected to axial and radial
compressive stresses 40 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively. For
E = 100 GPa, v = ¼, d = 120mm, and L = 200 mm.

a. Determine the change in the length and diameter.

b. Determine dilatation.
c. Determine the change in volume.

PROBLEM 11
A steel block 50mm along x, 75mm along y, and 100mm along z is
 1  subjected to hydrostatic pressure, p = 150 MPa. Use E = 200 GPa and
MgL   2h  2  v = 0.35
    
st  1  1   δ
max
 2hδst
st max
  st 
AE  
  a. Determine the shear modulus.
b. Determine the volumetric strain.
c. Determine the change in volume.
Mv 2 L
δ max
 max  Impact Factor =
AE δ st
V= 2gh = velocity of the falling mass

PROBLEM 8
A round, prismatic steel bar length L = 2.5m and diameter d = 20 mm
hangs vertically from a support at its upper end. A sliding collar of
mass M = 20 kg drops from a height h = 150mm onto the flange at
the lower end of the bar.
a. Calculate the maximum elongation of the bar due to the impact.
b. Calculate the corresponding impact factor.
3. Calculate the maximum tensile stress in the bar.

POISSON’S RATIO υ = - lateral strain / axial strain

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