10

Science
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Volcano and Its Relation
to Plate Tectonics
 10
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Volcano and its Relation
to Plate Tectonics
 Table of Contents

COVER PAGE Page

COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ALL ABOUT
HOW TO LEARN THIS MODULE
GUIDLEINES AND REMINDERS

Lesson 1: Plate Tectonic Theory

What I Need to Know 1
What I Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New 3
What Is It 3
What’s More 4
What I Have Learned 5
What I Can Do 5
Assessment 6
Additional Activity 7
Lesson 2: Kinds of Volcanoes
What I Need to Know 8
What I Know 8
What’s In 10
What’s New 10
What Is It 11
What’s More 12
What I Have Learned 13
What I Can Do 13
Assessment 13
Additional Activity 15
Lesson 1: Distribution of Volcanoes
What I Need to Know 17
What I Know 17
What’s In 18
What’s New 19
What Is It 20
What’s More 23
What I Have Learned 25
What I Can Do 25
Assessment 25
Additional Activity 27
Unit Assessment 28
Answer Key 31
References 32
 Lesson
EARTH AND SPACE
1 Distribution of Volcanoes,
Earthquakes Epicenters and
Mountain Ranges

What I Need to Know

Volcanoes, earthquake epicentres, and mountain ranges all over the
world are not randomly distributed. They are heavily concentrated in a
few areas of the world that are along or close to the plate boundaries.

In this lesson, you will learn about the Distribution of Volcanoes, Earthquakes
Epicenters and Mountain Ranges. Specifically, you will be able to:

a. Locate the volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges on

different parts of the Earth.
b. Infer that these geographic features are distributed on specific places on
Earth.

What I Know
Matching Type: Relate each statement in column A to the options in column
B. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____ 1. The formation of new crust on the ocean floor a. Pangaea
_____ 2. A long narrow chain of underwater hills or b. Gondwanaland
mountains
_____ 3. Boundary formed where two plates bump into c. Convection currents
each other
_____ 4. Boundary found where plates are moving d. Plate tectonic theory
apart at mid-ocean ridges
_____ 5. Wegner’s large continent e. Laurasia
_____ 6. A theory stating that the Earth’s surface is f. Colliding boundary
composed of brokenpieces
_____ 7. Melted material that rises from the mantle g. Magma
_____ 8. The single continentmillion years ago made h. Ridge
up of the southern continents
_____ 9. Forces responsible for the movement of i. spreading boundary
plates
_____ 10. The northern continental group formed j. rift

1
 million years ago
_____ 11. The first layer of the lithosphere k. seafloor spreading
_____ 12. The Earth layer where magma come from l. convection cell
_____ 13. The cyclic movement of molten rock in the m. core
mantle
_____ 14. Currently the biggest continent n. crust
_____ 15. The innermost layer of the lithosphere o. Asia
p. mantle

What’s In
.

What’s New
Volcanoes and earthquakes are found all over the world. But there is a
worldwide pattern of distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes which you will discover in the
following activity

What Is It
Activity 1: Pattern of Distribution of Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Materials:

 Four colored pencils

 World map with longitude and latitude

Procedure:

1. Use the information in the table to plot the location of each volcano. Use one
of the colored pencil to mark the location with a dot.
2. Do the same for the earthquakes. Use another colored pencil.
3. Use another color to slightly shade the areas where volcanoes are found.
4. Use another color to slightly shade the areas where the earthquakes are
found.

Volcanoes Earthquakes
Longitude Latitude Longitude Latitude
150°W 60°N 120°W 40°N

2
 70°W 35°S 110°E 5°S
120°W 45°N 77°W 4°S
61°W 15°N 88°E 23°N
105°W 20°N 121°E 14°S
75°W 0° 34°E 7°N
122°W 40°N 74°W 44°N
30°E 40°N 70°W 30°S
60°E 30°N 10°E 45°N
160°E 55°N 85°W 13°N
37°E 3°S 125°E 23°N
145°E 40°N 30°E 35°N
120°E 10°S 140°E 35°N
14°E 41°N 12°E 46°N
105°E 5°S 75°E 28°N
35°E 15°N 150°W 61°N
70°W 30°S 68°W 47°S

Question and Answer:

After locating the volcanoes and earthquakes on the world map, use your data in
answering the following questions.

1. Are earthquakes scattered randomly or are they concentrated on specific place on

Earth?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Are volcanoes scattered randomly or are they concentrated on specific place on
Earth?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Are most volcanoes and earthquakes located near the edges or at the center of
continents?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Volcanic Belt

Most volcanoes in the world are located along divergent plate boundaries. One of
these boundaries is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a part of the Mid-Atlantic Belt located on the floor
of the Atlantic Ocean from Iceland to Antarctica.

A large number of volcanoes are found in the region of the Pacific Ocean in a belt
called the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is a part of the Circum-Pacific Belt. This ring extends to
the Andes of South America, Central America, Mexico, the Cascade Mountains of Western
United States, the Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka, the Kuril Isles, Japan, the Philippines,
Indonesia, Celebes, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New
Zealand.

3
 What’s More

In the figure below, identify and list down the different tectonic plates in the
world (15 points).

Figure 1.2. The Tectonic Plate of the World (Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov)

What I Have Learned

Describe what is shown in the figure below. Identify the plates that move away, past,
or towards each other.

4
Source: https://www.ck12.org/earth-science/earths-tectonic-plates/lesson/Earths-Tectonic-Plates-HS-
ES/

What I Can Do

Putting Back Together

Instructions:

1. Print a world map.

2. Cutout the continents.
3. Like the jigsaw puzzle pieces, fit the cutout land masses to form the Pangaea.
4. Show it to your facilitator.

Assessment
Matching Type: Relate each statement in column A to the options in column B. Write
the letter of your answer in your sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____ 1. The first layer of the lithosphere a. convection cell
_____ 2. The Earth layer where magma come from b. core

5
 _____ 3. The cyclic pattern of the molten rock in the c. crust
mantle
_____ 4. Currently the biggest continent d. Asia
_____ 5. The innermost layer of the lithosphere e. mantle
_____ 6. The formation of new crust on the ocean floor f. Pangaea
_____ 7. A long narrow chain of underwater hills or g. Gondwanaland
mountains
_____ 8. Boundary formed where two plates bump into h. convection currents
each other
_____ 9. Boundary found where plates are moving i. Plate Tectonic theory
apart at mid-ocean ridges
_____ 10. Wegner’s large continent j. Laurasia
_____ 11. A theory stating that the Earth’s surface is k. colliding boundary
broken into many pieces
_____ 12. Melted material that rises from the mantle l. magma
_____ 13. The single continent million years ago made m. ridge
up of the southern continents
_____ 14. Forces responsible for the movement of n. spreading boundary
plates
_____ 15. The northern continental group formed o. rift
million years ago
p. seafloor spreading

Additional Activity

The Plate Tectonic states that there was once a supercontinent, Pangaea, that broke
into smaller continents of today. Identify the numbered pieces as to what continent or land
mass it is today.

6
7
 Lesson EARTH AND SPACE

2 Kinds of Volcanoes

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will learn about volcanoes and their majortypes. You are
expected to identify the different major types of volcanoes in terms of morphology
and volcanic activity.

What I Know
Multiple Choice. Select the correct from the given choices.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is a volcano?

A. A large storm with very high-speed winds.

B. A large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lighting.

C. An opening in the Earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.

D. A violent shaking of the Earth that occurs when two tectonic plates bump into each
other.

2. How many major types of volcanoes are there?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

3. Which volcano is the least explosive?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

4. What type of volcano has a very broad shape with gentle slopes?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

5. Which type of volcano is the most explosive?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

6. What type of volcanoes form from wide thin layers of lava?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

8
7. What type of volcanoes are formed over many years and can grow to mountains of over
8,000 feet tall?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

9. Which of the following best describes a volcano?

A. It is a mountain.

B. It is conical in shape.

C. Itcauses earthquakes.

D. Itcauses earthquakes and produces lava during volcanic eruptions.

10. What is a volcanic lava?

A. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.

B. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.

C. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.

D. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liquid.

11. Which of the following is the most active in the Philippines?

A. Arayat B. Hibok-Hibok C. Kanlaon D. Mayon

12. What do we call molten hot liquid rock once it erupts to the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. Igneous C. Lava D. Magma

13. What do we call molten hot liquid while it is still below the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. Igneous C. Lava D. Magma

14. Which type of volcano is characterized by tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash.

A. Cinder-cone volcano
B. Composite volcano
C. Shield volcano
D. Stratovolcano

15. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

A. Apo B. Kilauea C. Mayon D. Pinatubo

What’s In

9
 Volcanoes are generally described as mountains that emit volcanic products like
lava, rocks, ashes, and gases from the interior of the Earth through its vents. It is also
described as mountains that are formed through the deposit of these volcanic products
(Bagley, 2018). Volcanoes have different characteristics. They are categorized based on
their shape and structure and their volcanic activity.

What’s New
There are three major types of volcanoes based on their shapes and
structure. In your own perspective, characterize the different volcanic structures below.

Volcanic Structures Characterization

10
 What Is It
The three major categories of volcanoes based on structure

Types of Volcanoes in Terms of Structure Characteristics

Cinder Cone Volcano - Steep slope

- Emits ash during eruption

- Wide base
Shield Volcano - Emits lava
- Looks like a shield hence
the name
- Half way of having steep
Composite Volcano or Stratovolcano slope and wide base
- Emits both ash and lava
Moreover, volcanoes are also classified based on volcanic activity. Here are the
types of volcanoes based on its behavior.

Types of Volcanoes in Terms of Activity Characteristics

- These are volcanoes that are

Active Volcano “currently erupting or are
expected to erupt in the near
future”

- These are “not currently erupting

Dormant Volcano but have erupted within
recordable history and are
expected to erupt again in the

11
 future.”

- “These volcanoes are

Extinct Volcano considered as dead and are not
expected to erupt in the future.”

What’s More
Characterize the type of volcano shown in the picture below in terms of its
morphology. Identinfy whether it is active, dormant, or extinct. Defend your answer.

What I Have Learned

Identify the different types of volcanoes in terms of morphology and in terms of
volcanic activity. Illustrate each type of volcano.

What I Can Do
Identify at least five volcanoes in the Philippines. Classify each of these volcanoes in
terms of morphology and volcanic activity.

12
 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Select the correct from the given choices.

1. Which of the following is the most active in the Philippines?

A. Arayat B. Hibok-Hibok C. Kanlaon D. Mayon

2. What do we call molten hot liquid rock once it erupts to the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. Igneous C. Lava D. Magma

3. What do we call molten hot liquid while it is still below the Earth’s surface?

A. Cinder B. Igneous C. Lava D. Magma

4. Which of the following is a composite type of volcano?

A. Hibok-Hibok B. Kanlaon C. Mayon D. Taal

5. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

A. Apo B. Kilauea C. Mayon D. Pinatubo

6. What is a volcano?

A. A large storm with very high-speed winds.

B. A large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lighting.

C. An opening in the Earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.

D. A violent shaking of the Earth that occurs when two tectonic plates bump into each
other.

7. How many major types of volcanoes are there?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

8. Which volcano is the least explosive?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Shield D. Stratovolcano

9. What type of volcano has a very broad shape with gentle slopes?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

10. Which type of volcano is the most explosive?

13
 A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

11. What type of volcanoes form from wide thin layers of lava?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

12. What type of volcanoes are formed over many years and can grow to mountains of over
8,000 feet tall?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

13. Which type of volcano is characterized by tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash.

E. Cinder-cone volcano
F. Composite volcano
G. Shield volcano
H. Stratovolcano

14. Which of the following best describes a volcano?

A. It is a mountain.

B. It is conical in shape.

C. Itcauses earthquakes.

D. Itcauses earthquakes and produces lava during volcanic eruptions.

15. What is volcanic lava?

A. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.

B. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.
C. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.
D. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liqui

Additional Activity

In a separate sheet of paper, illustrate each type of volcano. For each illustration,
give:

a. the type of eruptions

b. the materials ejected
c. an example of this type of volcano

14
 CHARACTERISTICS ILLUSTRATION

1. composite volcano
a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

2. shield volcano
a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

3. cinder volcano

a. __________________

b. __________________

c. __________________

1.

15
 Lesson EARTH AND SPACE

3 Distribution of Volcanoes

What I Need to Know

Formation of volcanoes indicates activities along the boundaries of
tectonic plates. Accordingly, most volcanoes are located along the converging and diverging
boundaries of tectonic plates. In this lesson, you will learn about the distribution of volcanoes
in the Philippines and around the world. Moreover, you will be able to relate its distribution to
Plate Tectonic Theory.

What I Know
Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer among the given options
on each item. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following theories states that the Earth’s outer layer is broken into large
slowly moving pieces?
a. Big Bang Theory
b. Gravitational Theory
c. Plate Tectonics Theory
d. Theory of Relativity
2. Which two continents can fit like a puzzle?
a. Africa and South America
b. Asia and North America
c. Asia and South America
d. Australia and South Africa
3. The theory of plate tectonics combines which two other theories?
a. Continental Drift and Big Bang Theory
b. Continental Drift and Fossil Theory
c. Seafloor Spreading and Continental Drift
d. Seafloor Spreading and Tidal Theory
4. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain which of the following?
a. extinction of dinosaurs

16
 b. layers of the atmosphere
c. symbiotic relationship of plants and animals
d. movement of continents and occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes
5. How are plate tectonics and volcanoes related?
a. They have nothing to do with one another.
b. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and in the ocean.
c. Volcanoes are not formed where plates collide, but do form in the oceans.
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere
else.

True or False: Identify whether the statement is true or false.Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Mt. Apo is considered an active volcano.

2. Mt. Pulag is the highest peak in the Philippines.
3. Mt. Mayon is considered one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines
4. Mt. Pinatubo eruption is the most destructive volcanic eruption recorded in the
Philippines.
5. Among the major islands in the Philippines, Luzon has the greatest number of
volcanoes.
6. Volcanoes can be formed anywhere.
7. Volcanoes can be formed in tectonic plate boundaries.
8. Volcanoes are evenly distributed across the globe.
9. Volcanoes are formed only in the continental crust.
10. More than a quarter of the total active volcanoes on Earth are found along the Pacific
Ring of Fire.

What’s In
We learned that the crust is composed of tectonic plates that
move either away, past, or towards each other. Since most volcanoes are formed
along the plate boundaries, it is expected that many active volcanoes are formed
along with them (National Geographic, 2014).

We are very familiar with the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Pacific Ring of Fire
where the Philippines is situated along with, comprises the tectonic boundaries of
Pacific Plate, Philippine Plate, Eurasian Plate, Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, and
the Nazca Plate.

17
 What’s New
When the tectonic plates move apart (diverge), magma will ooze
out from the cracks and fissures of the crust that are moving apart forming vents.
These will then lead to formation of new land masses, volcanoes and volcanic
activities. On the other hand, when the plates move towards each other (converge),
upon collision, the plate that sinks (subducts) will melt in the mantle. And where there
is melting of the plates, formation of volcanoes occurs.

In the Philippines, volcanoes and volcanic activities are classified and

monitored by the Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).
PHIVOLCS classified the volcanoes in the Philippines according to its eruptive
history. There are three classifications of volcanoes in the Philippines according to
PHIVOLCS.

1. Active Volcanoes – Erupted within historic times (within the last 600
years). Accounts of these eruptions were documented by man. Erupted
within the last 10,000 years based on the analyses of materials from
young volcanic deposits.
2. Potentially Active Volcanoes – Morphologically young-looking but with
no historical or analytical records of eruption.
3. Inactive Volcanoes – No recorded eruptions. Physical form has been
intensively weathered and eroded, bearing deep and long gullies.

Delos Reyes et. al. (2018) listed twenty-four active volcanoes in the
Philippines. The rest are considered potentially active and/or inactive.

What Is It
When plates converge, one of the plates sinks to the mantle. As
a result, trenches are formed. Parallel to the trench is an array of
volcanoes formed from the melted plate (magma)that escaped from the mantle.The
figure below shows the formation of volcanoes along the converging plates.

18
Figure 3.1 Formation of Volcanoes Along the Converging Plates

In divergent boundaries, when the plates move apart, magma rises, solidifies,
and forms new land masses.

19
 Figure 3.2. Diverging Plates

In the Philippines, there are twenty-four active volcanoes as listed by Delos Reyes et.
al. (2018). The list is shown below.

Item No.Name of Volcano  Latitude Longitude Province

Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in

1 Babuyan Claro 19.52408 121.95005
Luzon
Boundaries of Laguna and Quezon in
2 Banahaw 14.06038 121.48803
Luzon
3 Biliran (Anas) 11.63268 124.47162 Leyte in Visayas
4 Bud Dajo 6.01295 121.05772 Sulu in Mindanao
5 Bulusan 12.76853 124.05445 Sorsogon, Bicol Region in Luzon
6 Cabalian 10.27986 125.21598 Southern Leyte in Visayas
7 Cagua 18.22116 122.1163 Cagayan in Luzon
Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in
8 Camiguin de Babuyanes 18.83037 121.86280
Luzon
Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in
9 Didicas 19.07533 122.20147
Luzon
10 Hibok-hibok 9.20427 124.67115 Camiguin in Mindanao
11 Iraya 20.46669 122.01078 Batan Island, Batanes in Luzon
12 Iriga 13.45606 123.45479 Camarines Sur in Luzon
13 Isarog 13.65685 123.38087 Camarines Sur in Luzon
14 Kanlaon 10.41129 123.13243 Negros Oriental
15 Leonard Kniaseff 7.39359 126.06418 Davao del Norte
16 Makaturing 7.64371 124.31718 Lanao del Sur
17 Matutum 6.36111 125.07603 Cotabato in Mindanao
18 Mayon 13.25519 123.68615 Albay, Bicol Region in Luzon
19 Musuan (Calayo) 7.87680 125.06985 Bukidnon in Mindanao

20
Item No.Name of Volcano  Latitude Longitude Province

South Cotabato/General Santos/ North

20 Parker 6.10274 124.88879 Cotabato/Sarangani Provinces in
Mindanao
Boundaries of Pampanga, Tarlac and
21 Pinatubo 15.14162 120.35084
Zambales in Luzon
Lanao del Sur and Cotabato in
22 Ragang 7.69066 124.50639
Mindanao
Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in
23 Smith 19.53915 121.91367
Luzon
Batangas in Luzon
24 Taal 14.01024 120.99812

What’s More
In the figure below, trace where most volcanoes are located. Also identify
which plate tectonic boundaries display most of volcanic formations.

21
Source: www.researchgate.com

Identify the active and potentially active volcanoes located in Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao.

22
What I Have Learned

23
 1. Identify the active volcanoes across the Philippine archipelago. Which among the
three major island groups in the Philippines (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao) has the
greatest number of active volcanoes? Potentially active volcanoes?
2. In the global scale, is there a relationship between the formation of volcanoes
and the tectonic plates? Briefly describe their relationship.

What I Can Do
1. Identify the top 10 most active volcanoes in the Philippines. Cite where
each of these volcanoes are located.
2. Identify at least 10 active volcanoes across the globe (exclude Philippine
volcanoes). Identify the specific tectonic plate or boundary it is located.

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer among the given options on each item.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following theories states that the Earth’s outer layer is broken into
large slowly moving pieces?
a. Big Bang Theory
b. Gravitational Theory
c. Plate Tectonics Theory
d. Theory of Relativity
2. Which two continents can fit like a puzzle?
a. Africa and South America
b. Asia and North America
c. Asia and South America
d. Australia and South Africa
3. The theory of plate tectonics combines which two other theories?
a. Continental Drift and Big Bang Theory
b. Continental Drift and Fossil Theory
c. Seafloor Spreading and Continental Drift
d. Seafloor Spreading and Tidal Theory
4. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain which of the following?
a. extinction of dinosaurs

24
 b. layers of the atmosphere
c. symbiotic relationship of plants and animals
d. movement of continents and occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes
5. How are plate tectonics and volcanoes related?
a. They have nothing to do with one another.
b. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and in the ocean.
c. Volcanoes are not formed where plates collide, but do form in the oceans.
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere
else.

True or False: Identify whether the statement is true or false.Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Mt. Apo is considered an active volcano.

2. Mt. Pulag is the highest peak in the Philippines.
3. Mt. Mayon is considered one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines
4. Mt. Pinatubo eruption is the one of the most destructive volcanic eruptions
recorded in the Philippines.
5. Among the major islands in the Philippines, Luzon has the greatest number of
volcanoes.
6. Volcanoes can be formed anywhere.
7. Volcanoes can be formed in tectonic plate boundaries.
8. Volcanoes are evenly distributed across the globe.
9. Volcanoes are formed only in the continental crust.
10. More than a quarter of the total active volcanoes on Earth are found along the
Pacific Ring of Fire.

Additional Activity

On the world map, mark at least ten locations where notable volcanoes are found
across the globe. Use your own printed world map.

25
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercator_Blank_Map_World.png

Unit Assessment

1. Which of the following is expected to form parallel to a trench?

a. hot spot b. ocean ridge c. rift valley d. volcanic arc
2. Which type of volcano is characterized by tall, cone-shaped mountains in which
layers of lava alternate with layers of ash.
a. Cinder-cone volcano
b. Composite volcano
c. Shield volcano

26
 d. Stratovolcano
3. Which of the following theories states that the Earth’s outer layer is broken into large
slowly moving pieces?
a. Big Bang Theory
b. Gravitational Theory
c. Plate Tectonics Theory
d. Theory of Relativity
4. What is the name of the Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted of all the present
continents?
a. Eurasia
b. Gondwanaland
c. Laurasia
d. Pangaea
5. Which two continents can fit like a puzzle?
a. Africa and South America
b. Asia and North America
c. Asia and South America
d. Australia and South Africa
6. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely found in which location?
a. In the oceans
b. At plate boundaries
c. In the middle of plates
d. In the middle of the continents
7. What evidence did Alfred Wegener have for his theory of Continental Drift?
a. He had no evidence.
b. Through observations.
c. He explained how continents moved apart.
d. He knew that plant and animal fossils, as well as rock layers, matched on the two
continents of Africa and South America.
8. The theory of plate tectonics combines which two other theories?
a. Continental Drift and Big Bang Theory
b. Continental Drift and Fossil Theory
c. Seafloor Spreading and Continental Drift
d. Seafloor Spreading and Tidal Theory
9. Which of the following describes the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a. Mr. Wegener’s favorite Song

27
 b. Any area on a plate boundary with a volcano
c. The cause of most of the Earthquakes on the world
d. An area with lots of seismic and volcanic activities around the Pacific Plate
10. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain which of the following?
a. extinction of dinosaurs
b. layers of the atmosphere
c. symbiotic relationship of plants and animals
d. movement of continents and occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes
11. What is Pangaea?
a. A deep-ocean trench
b. The name a dinosaur fossil
c. A microorganism that grows at hydrothermal vents
d. A single continent that existed 250 million years ago
12. What are tectonic plates composed of?
a. Oceanic crust and mountains
b. The outer core and the mantle
c. Continental crust and the upper mantle
d. Continental and/oceanic crust plus a small part of the upper mantle

13. Which of the following describes the convection current?

a. Hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated.
b. Cold magma rises and is heated and sinks again to be cooled.
c. Volcanoes pull the magma out of the Earth and it becomes lava.
d. The Earth spins and not all of the magma spins at the same rate.
14. What is volcanic lava?
a. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.
b. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.
c. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.
d. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liquid.
15. How are plate tectonics and volcanoes related?
a. They have nothing to do with one another.
b. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and in the ocean.
c. Volcanoes are not formed where plates collide, but do form in the oceans.

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d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere
else.

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 Answer Key
UNIT ASSESSMENT

11. D
12. D 1. D

13. A 2. A

14. D 3. C

15. B 4. D
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. D
Lesson 3
Multiple Choice

1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D Lesson 2
5. B Lesson1
1. D
1. c
2. C 2. e
3. D 3. a
True or False 4. C 4. d
1. True 5. B 5. b
2. False 6. C 6. p
7. B 7. m
3. True 8. k
4. True 8. C
9. D 9. n
5. True 10. f
6. False 10. A
11. i
7. True 11. D 12. l
8. False 12. B 13. g
9. False 13. A 14. h
10. True 14. D 15. j
15. D

30
References
Bagley, Mary. 2018. Volcano Facts and Types of Volcanoes. Accessed Online,Available at:
https://www.livescience.com/27295-volcanoes.html, Accessed 22 June 2020

Delos Reyes, Perla J., et. al. 2017. A Synthesis and Review of Historical Eruption at Taal
Volcano, Southern Luzon, Philippines. Accessed Online, Available at
2020:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825216304068,
Accessed 22 June 2020

Dorward, Lisa. 2018. Classification of Volcanoes. Accessed Online, Available

athttps://sciencing.com/classification-volcanoes-8442589.html, Accessed 22 June
2020
Oskin, Becky. 2017. Continental Drift: Theory and Definition. Accessed Online, Available at:
https://www.livescience.com/37529-continental-drift.html#:~:text=Continental%20drift
%20was%20a%20theory,are%20found%20on%20different%20continents.Accessed
22 June 2020

"Continental Drift And Seafloor Spreading - Dive & Discover". 2020. Dive & Discover.
Accessed Online, Available athttps://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-
oceanography/continental-drift-and-seafloor-spreading/.Accessed 22 June 2020

Dive & Discover. 2020. Continental Drift And Seafloor Spreading - Dive & Discover. [online]
Available at: <https://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-oceanography/continental-drift-
and-seafloor-spreading/> Accessed 26 June 2020

n.d. [online] Available athttps://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-oceanography/continental-

drift-and-seafloor-spreading/, Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available athttps://www.ck12.org/earth-science/theory-of-plate-
tectonics/lesson/Theory-of-Plate-Tectonics-MS-ES/, Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online]Available athttps://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ring-
fire/#:~:text=Ring%20of%20Fire,along%20the%20Ring%20of%20Fire.Accessed 22
June 2020
n.d. [online]Available athttps://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/plate-tectonics-volcanic-
activity/#:~:text=Sometimes%2C%20the%20plates%20collide%20with,boundaries
%20and%20convergent%20plate%20boundaries.Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available athttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/geophysical/chapter/where-
volcanoes-are-located/, Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available athttp://pubs.usgs.gov, Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available
athttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercator_Blank_Map_World.png,
Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d[online] Available athttps://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-
hazard/volcanoes-of-the-philippines, Accessed 22 June 2020

31
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