Chapter 4 Mathematical Functions, Characters, and Strings

1.

(a) Math.sqrt(4) = 2.0

(b) Math.sin(2*Math.PI) = 0

(c) Math.cos(2*Math.PI) = 1

(d) Math.pow(2, 2) = 4.0

(e) Math.log(Math.E) = 1.0

(f) Math.exp(1) = 2.718

(g) Math.max(2, Math.min(3, 4)) = 3

(h) Math.rint(-2.5) = -2.0

(i) Math.ceil(-2.5) = -2.0
(j) Math.floor(-2.5) = -3.0
(k) Math.round(-2.5f) = -2
(l) Math.round(-2.5) = -2
(m) Math.rint(2.5) = 2.0
(n) Math.ceil(2.5) = 3.0
(o) Math.floor(2.5) = 2.0
(p) Math.round(2.5f) = 3
(q) Math.round(2.5) = 3

(r) Math.round(Math.abs(-2.5)) = 3

2. True

3. double radians = Math.toRadians(47);

4. double degree = Math.toDegrees(Math.PI / 7);

5.

(a) 34 + (int)(Math.random() * (55 – 34))

(b) (int)(Math.random() * 1000)

(c) 5.5 + (Math.random() * (55.5 – 5.5))

6.
 The Math class is in the java.lang package. Any class in the java.lang package is automatically
imported. So there is no need to import it explicitly.

7.

5.5
5.5
0.5235987755982988
0.5235987755982988

8.

System.out.println((int)'1');

System.out.println((int)'A');

System.out.println((int)'B');

System.out.println((int)'a');

System.out.println((int)'b');

System.out.println((char)40);

System.out.println((char)59);

System.out.println((char)79);

System.out.println((char)85);

System.out.println((char)90);

System.out.println((char)0X40);

System.out.println((char)0X5A);

System.out.println((char)0X71);

System.out.println((char)0X72);

System.out.println((char)0X7A);

9 '\u345dE' is wrong. It must have exactly four hex numbers in the Unicode.
10 '\\' and '\”'

11

i is 49, since the ASCII code of '1' is 49;

j is 100
k is 97 since the ASCII code of 'a' is 97;
c is character 'z' since (int) 'z' is 90;

12.

char c = 'A';
i = (int)c; // i becomes 65

float f = 1000.34f;
int i = (int)f; // i becomes 1000

double d = 1000.34;
int i = (int)d; // i becomes 1000

int i = 97;
char c = (char)i; // c becomes 'a'

13.

-2

14.

(int)(Math.random() * 26 + 'a')

15.

true

false

false

true

true

true
16.

s1 == s2 => false
s2 == s3 => false
s1.equals(s2) => false
s1.equals(s3) => true
s1.compareTo(s2) => a positive number
s2.compareTo(s3) => a negative number
s2.compareTo(s0) => 0
s1.charAt(0) => W
s1.indexOf('j') => -1
s1.indexOf("to") => 8
s1.lastIndexOf('a') => 14
s1.lastIndexOf("o", 15) => 9
s1.length() => 16
s1.substring(5) => me to Java
s1.substring(5, 11) => me to
s1.startsWith("Wel") => true
s1.endsWith("Java") => true
s1.toLowerCase() => welcome to java
s1.toUpperCase()=> WELCOME TO JAVA
s1.concat(s2) => “Welcome to JavaProgramming is fun"

"\t Good\tMorning\n".trim() => Good\tMorning

u. s1.contain(s2) => false

v. "\t Wel \t".trim() => Wel

17.

String s = "Welcome to Java";

Answer: Correct

String s3 = s1 + s2;

Answer: Correct

String s3 = s1 - s2;

Answer: Incorrect
 s1 == s2

Answer: Correct

s1 >= s2

Answer: Incorrect

s1.compareTo(s2);

Answer: Correct

int i = s1.length();

Answer: Correct

char c = s1(0);

Answer: Incorrect

char c = s1.charAt(s1.length());

Answer: Incorrect : it's out of bounds, even if the preceding problem is fixed.

18.

System.out.println("1" + 1); => 11

System.out.println('1' + 1); => 50 (since the Unicode for 1 is 49

System.out.println("1" + 1 + 1); => 111

System.out.println("1" + (1 + 1)); => 12

System.out.println('1' + 1 + 1); => 51

19.

1 + "Welcome " + 1 + 1 is 1Welcome 11.

1 + "Welcome " + (1 + 1) is 1Welcome 2.

 1 + "Welcome " + ('\u0001' + 1) is 1Welcome 2

1 + "Welcome " + 'a' + 1 is 1Welcome a1

20.

 Check whether s1 is equal to s2 and assign the result to a Boolean variable isEqual.

boolean isEqual = s1.equals(s2);

 Check whether s1 is equal to s2 ignoring case and assign the result to a Boolean variable
isEqual.

boolean isEqual = s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2);

 Compare s1 with s2 and assign the result to an int variable x.

int x = s1.compareTo(s2);

 Compare s1 with s2 ignoring case and assign the result to an int variable x.

int x = s1.compareToIgnoreCase(s2);

 Check whether s1 has prefix "AAA" and assign the result to a Boolean variable b.

boolean b = s1.startsWith("AAA");

 Check whether s1 has suffix "AAA" and assign the result to a Boolean variable b.

boolean b = s1.endsWith("AAA");

 Assign the length of s1 to an int variable x.

int x = s1.length();

 Assign the first character of s1 to a char variable x.

char x = s1.charAt(0);

 Create a new string s3 that combines s1 with s2.

String s3 = s1 + s2;

 Create a substring of s1 starting from index 1.

String s3 = s1.substring(1);

 Create a substring of s1 from index 1 to index 4.

String s3 = s1.substring(1, 5);

  Create a new string s3 that converts s1 to lowercase.

String s3 = s1.toLowerCase();

 Create a new string s3 that converts s1 to uppercase.

String s3 = s1.toUpperCase();

 Create a new string s3 that trims blank spaces on both ends of s1.

String s3 = s1.trim();

 Assign the index of the first occurrence of character e in s1 to an int variable x.

int x = s1.indexOf(‘e‘);

 Assign the index of the last occurrence of string abc in s1 to an int variable x.

int x = s1.lastIndexOf(“abc”);

21. 0

22. The specifiers for outputting a boolean value, a character, a decimal integer, a floating-point
number, and a string are %b, %c, %d, %f, and %s.

23.

(a) the last item 3 does not have any specifier.

(b) There is not enough items

(c) The data for %f must a floating-point value

24.

(a) amount is 32.320000 3.233000e+01

(b) amount is 32.33% 3.2330e+01

(c) *false // * denote a space

(d) **Java // * denote a space

(e) false*Java

(f) *falseJava
(g) 312,342 315,562.9

(h) 00032 0032.3