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    Doctor Treating Process

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    Lakshya Saxena
    The document discusses several processes used for desulfurization of petroleum products: 1) The doctor process uses sodium plumbite and caustic soda to convert mercaptans to lead mercaptide and regenerate sodium plumbite. 2) Copper chloride sweetening uses copper chloride to oxidize mercaptans to disulfides. 3) Merox sweetening uses sodium hydroxide to convert mercaptans to sodium mercaptides which are then oxidized. 4) Catalytic desulfurization uses natural bauxite catalysts at high temperatures to remove up to 95% of sulfur.

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    Doctor Treating Process

    Uploaded by

    Lakshya Saxena
    25 views9 pages
    The document discusses several processes used for desulfurization of petroleum products: 1) The doctor process uses sodium plumbite and caustic soda to convert mercaptans to lead mercaptide and regenerate sodium plumbite. 2) Copper chloride sweetening uses copper chloride to oxidize mercaptans to disulfides. 3) Merox sweetening uses sodium hydroxide to convert mercaptans to sodium mercaptides which are then oxidized. 4) Catalytic desulfurization uses natural bauxite catalysts at high temperatures to remove up to 95% of sulfur.

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    21-23 finishing

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    The document discusses several processes used for desulfurization of petroleum products: 1) The doctor process uses sodium plumbite and caustic soda to convert mercaptans to lead mercaptide and regenerate sodium plumbite. 2) Copper chloride sweetening uses copper chloride to oxidize mercaptans to disulfides. 3) Merox sweetening uses sodium hydroxide to convert mercaptans to sodium mercaptides which are then oxidized. 4) Catalytic desulfurization uses natural bauxite catalysts at high temperatures to remove up to 95% of sulfur.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views9 pages

    Doctor Treating Process

    Uploaded by

    Lakshya Saxena
    The document discusses several processes used for desulfurization of petroleum products: 1) The doctor process uses sodium plumbite and caustic soda to convert mercaptans to lead mercaptide and regenerate sodium plumbite. 2) Copper chloride sweetening uses copper chloride to oxidize mercaptans to disulfides. 3) Merox sweetening uses sodium hydroxide to convert mercaptans to sodium mercaptides which are then oxidized. 4) Catalytic desulfurization uses natural bauxite catalysts at high temperatures to remove up to 95% of sulfur.

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    You are on page 1of 9

    26-04-2021

    Doctor Treating Process


    • Found to be suitable for treating light
    and heavy naphtha at all mercaptan
    contents and for treatment of sour
    gasoline

    • Mixing of feed and doctor solution


    (Mixture of sodium plumbite
    (Na2PbO2) and caustic soda) in mixer-1

    • Formation of lead mercaptide in


    Mixer-1:
    2RSH + Na2PbO2 → Pb(SR)2 + 2NaOH

    • A stream of naphtha containing


    dissolved S is then mixed.
    Pb(SR)2 + S → PbS + R2S2

    • Regeneration: PbS + NaOH (excess)


    + (1/2)O2 → Na2PbO2 + S + H2O

    • Controlled addition of S to avoid


    polysulphide formation and not to
    increase S amount in end product

    • Very versatile process but disadvantage


    of controlling polysulphide formation

    1
    26-04-2021

    • Depressant effect of polysulphides on


    octane nurnter, TEL susceptibility, gum
    content and colour stability

    Copper Chloride Sweetening


    • Used to sweeten gasoline/ kerosene

    • Direct oxidation of mercaptans to


    di-sulphides using CuCl2

    • Moisture removal by dehydrated


    salts like CaCl2

    • Feed heated to 40-60°C

    • Reactions involved:
    2RSH + CuCl2 → (RS)2Cu + 2HCl

    2
    26-04-2021

    (RS)2Cu + CuCl2 →
    RSSR + Cu2Cl2
    Cu2Cl2 + 2HCl → Cu2Cl2.2HCl
    Cu2Cl2.2HCl + ½ O2
    → 2CuCl2 + H2O

    • Water washing in settler 3

    • Advantage: Absence of formation


    of higher alkyl polysulphides

    • Disadvantage: Corrosive nature of


    CuCl2

    Merox Sweetening
    • Liquid-liquid sweetening

    • Applicable for straight run and


    cracked naptha feed

    • Reaction involved:
    2RSH + 2NaOH → 2RSNa + 2H2O
    2RSNa + ½O2 + H2O →
    2NaOH + RSSR

    3
    26-04-2021

    • Higher boiling products require


    more mixing

    • Fixed bed sweetening used for


    heavier feeds

    Catalyst Desulfurization
    • All fraction lighter than diesels can be feed.

    • Conducted at higher temperature (≤ 400°C)

    • Vapour phase reaction

    • Catalyst-Natural bauxite

    • Provide 90-95% S removal

    4
    26-04-2021

    Solvent Extraction Processes


    Edeleanu Process
    • Kerosene requires desulphurization as well as removing of aromatics (Smoke
    causing).
    • Maximum to 20% aromatics in kerosene
    • Removal of aromatics from kerosene by liquid SO2 extraction (Edeleanu) process,
    leading to enhanced burning properties
    • This method is also applied to selected naphtas.
    • Normal boiling point of SO2 = −10°C
    • Aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons are completely miscible in SO2.

    Edeleanu Process
    • Feed is passed through rock salt
    bed at 40-45°C to remove traces
    of water.

    • Then, deaerated in vaccum


    column

    • Cooling to 10°C in coolers and


    drying in CaCl2 driers

    • Further chilled to -15°C and sent


    to extractor

    5
    26-04-2021

    • Chilled SO2 feed at −26°C

    • Water and caustic wash to


    remove and neutralize traces of
    SO2 in final extract and raffinate

    • Further water wash for caustic


    removal

    Different Solvent Extraction Processes


    Udex Process
    • Used for removal of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes and heavy aromatics
    from straight-run naphthas or from reformed naphthas rich in aromatics
    • Uses concentrated aqueous solution of di or tri ethylene glycol as the extraction
    solvent

    Sulfolane Process
    • Used for production of high purity toluene, xylenes, high-octane aromatic
    concentrates, jet fuel components and specialty solvents of closely controlled
    aromatic contents by extraction of suitable feedstocks
    • Also applicabie for de-aromatization of naphthas for producing food-grade hexane
    solvent

    6
    26-04-2021

    • Uses sulfolane as the extraction solvent


    • Favourable selectivity, excellent solvent power, high specific gravity, low heat
    capacity, relatively high boiling point and good stability

    Hydro-treating Process
    Applications
    • Reduction of sulphur in the feed to the catalytic reformer (Low octane naphtha)
    • Desulphurization of naphtha, kerosine, gas oils and fuel oils
    • Improvement of colour, odour, oxidation stability of lubricating oil base stocks and
    waxes
    • Mild hydrogenation of aromatics into naphthenes in streams like high aromatics
    kerosines and gas oils to improve smoke point and cetane number, respectively
    • Hydrogenation of olefinic streams produced from thermal cracking process

    7
    26-04-2021

    Hydro-treating reactions:
    • De-sulphurization
    RSH + H2 → RH + H2S
    R1SR2 + 2H2 → R1H + R2H + H2S
    R1SSR2 + 3H2 → R1H + R2H + 2H2S

    • De-nitrogenation

    • De-oxygenation

    • Olefin saturation
    CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CH2 + H2 → CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2−CH3

    8
    26-04-2021

    Hydro-treating process for distillate desulphurization

    • Feed mixed with recycled H2 gas


    • Fixed-bed Reactor
    • Higher partial pressure of H2 in the
    reactor
    • Reactor temperature: 175-450˚C
    • Catalyst used: Co-Mo, Ni-Mo, Ni-Co-
    Mo over alumina/zeolite support
    • Liquid product from high pressure
    separator to low pressure separator
    • Light gases are stripped off in low P
    separator

    Thanks

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