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Structured Analysis and Design Steps

The basic steps of structured analysis and design are: 1. Defining processes, entities, and drawing data flow diagrams to identify requirements and flows of data between external entities and processes. 2. Defining processing rules and business rules through methods like decision trees and tables. 3. Defining data flows between entities and processes, identifying overlapping data, and generating an access map. The design steps are: 1. Determining the system architecture and automation boundaries. 2. Dividing subsystems into subprograms and defining each subprogram's structure. 3. Refining selected subprogram designs with more details. 4. Packaging subprograms into implementation units for development

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114 views4 pages

Structured Analysis and Design Steps

The basic steps of structured analysis and design are: 1. Defining processes, entities, and drawing data flow diagrams to identify requirements and flows of data between external entities and processes. 2. Defining processing rules and business rules through methods like decision trees and tables. 3. Defining data flows between entities and processes, identifying overlapping data, and generating an access map. The design steps are: 1. Determining the system architecture and automation boundaries. 2. Dividing subsystems into subprograms and defining each subprogram's structure. 3. Refining selected subprogram designs with more details. 4. Packaging subprograms into implementation units for development

Uploaded by

aswagada
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(CH-2)__[Q1].

What are the basic steps of structured analysis


and design? Explain each step briefly.
Analysis steps :
1. Defining main Processes & Entities and preparing Dataflow Diagrams (Tools : DFD
Diagrams)

In this stage , we identifying the main requirements of the system and draw Dataflow
diagrams. DFD requires identifying these elements (External entities - Flow of data -
Process that transforms flows of data - Store of data )

We draw many levels of DFD diagrams . Each level is hierarchy that gives more details
about the prior DFD level . This process is called hierarchical decomposition.

2. Defining the Processing Rules or Business Rules or Rules Specification (Tools : Decision
Trees , Structured English , Decision Tables)
In this stage we will identify and represent business rules because DFDs do not support
control flow .
These rules have to be formulated as algorithms and/or relationships among the
relevant data elements to determine what is going on inside the processes of the
dataflow diagrams .
There are several commonly used rule specification methods : natural language,
decision tables, decision trees and stylized natural language .
3. Defining Data Flows (Tools : Data Access Diagrams – Access Maps)

In this stage , we identify how pieces of data move among external entities and
processes and data stores .

In this stage , we also detect overlap between data stores and possibly remove it . We
can solve data access conflicts (overlapping) by decomposing each data store into
independent chunks, each one having a unique key

In this stage we use direct and secondary data flows and determine data access
frequencies that are analyzed to generate a system-wide access map, which may serve
as a first proposal for the database of the information system. The Figure below shows
an example of both direct and secondary access paths .
Design steps :
1. Determine the systems architecture .
In this step , we determine the automated functions ( automation boundary) of the
information system and also manual functions that needs to be done by people . The
interaction between automation boundary and manual functions must be analyzed in
detail .The automation boundaries determine the main features of the system's
architecture . It is indicated in the figure which DFD-processes and data stores are to be
realized by which subsystem . (Delivery planning and accounting system are subsystems)
.

Automation
Manual
Boundary
Functions
(Automated
Functions)

2. Determine subprograms structure (Comment : This step belongs to the previous , I just
added it here for simplicity)

In this step , we divide subsystems from the automation boundary to subprograms and
define the structure for each subprogram . This figure illustrates subprogram structure
for the Determine Delivery Plan P1
3. Refine the subprogram design
In this step , we add more details to subprograms structure to make it ready to be
directly implemented . We only choose some subprograms that need to be more
detailed .

4. Package the subprograms into implementation units ("modules")

In this step , we group the subprograms from the previous step to implementation units
. Implementation units may be one of the following (Program – Load unit – Job Step –
Job – Program System) . Packaging is done for many considerations like (commercial
considerations by grouping of program functions – Safety requirements –
Computational resources considerations ) .

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