T.Y.B.

Sc- Mathematics Semester VI (2018-19)

Paper 1Practical 1

Limits, Continuity and Derivatives of functions of a Complex variable

Objective Questions
𝐼𝑚(𝑧)
1. lim
𝑍→0 𝑧
(a) 1 (b) 𝑖 (c) – 𝑖 (d) does not exist
𝑧
2. lim 𝑧
𝑍→0
(a) 1 (b) 𝑖 (c) – 𝑖 (d) does not exist
3
𝑧̅ 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 ≠ 0
3. If 𝑓(𝑧) = { then
𝑧 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 = 0
(a) 𝑓 is not continuous only at 0 (b) 𝑓 is continuous on ℂ
(c) 𝑓 is discontinuous at 0 (d) None of the above
𝑧 2 +1
4. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 3 +9
(a) Continuous and bounded in |𝑧| ≤ 2 (b) Continuous but not bounded in |𝑧| ≤ 2
(c) Neither continuous nor bounded in |𝑧| ≤ 2 (d) Continuous and bounded everywhere
1
5. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 is
(a) Continuous and bounded in |𝑧| > 0 (b) Continuous but not bounded in |𝑧| < 0
(c) Neither continuous nor bounded in |𝑧| > 0 (d) Continuous and bounded everywhere
6. lim 𝑛 𝑖 𝑛 is
𝑛→∞
(a) Does not exist (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
(1−𝑖)23
7. 13 in the polar form equals
(√3−𝑖)
−3 5𝑖𝜋⁄
(a) 2 ⁄2 𝑒 12 (b) 𝑒 5𝑖 𝜋/12 (c) 2−3/2 (d) None of these
3𝜋𝑖 −𝜋𝑖
8. 5𝑒 ⁄4 + 2𝑒 ⁄6 equals
−5√2+2√3 5√2−2
(a) ( )+ 𝑖( ) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 𝑖
2 2
𝑛 𝑛−1
9. 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏, 𝑧 = 1. Then 𝑧 expressed in the form 𝐴 + 𝑖𝐵 is
(a) 𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑛−1 (b) 𝑎𝑛−1 − 𝑖𝑏 𝑛−1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
1 −1
10. 𝑧1 = 2 + 𝑖, 𝑧2 = √2 + 𝑖(√2 + 1), 𝑧3 = 2 + 3𝑖, 𝑧4 = + 𝑖√3, which of the points lie inside the
2
circle |𝑧 − 𝑖| = 2
(a) 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧3 (b) 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧4 (c) 𝑧2 , 𝑧3 , 𝑧4 (d) None of these
11. Non- zero vectors 𝑧1 & 𝑧2 are perpendicular iff
(a) 𝑅𝑒(𝑧1 𝑧2 ) = 0 (b) 𝑅𝑒 𝑧1 × 𝐼𝑚 𝑧2 = 0 (c) 𝑅𝑒(𝑧1 𝑧̅2 ) = 0 (d) 𝐼𝑚(𝑧̅1 , 𝑧2 ) = 0

12. Let |𝑧| = 1 or |𝑤| = 1. Then |𝑧 − 𝑤| =

(a) |1 − 𝑧̅𝑤 | (b) |1 − 𝑧 𝑤| (c) |1 − 𝑧̅𝑤
̅| (d) None of these
𝑧+𝑧̅ 𝑧−𝑧̅
13. (i) 𝑧̅ = 𝑧 (ii) 𝑅𝑒(𝑧) = (iii) 𝐼𝑚(𝑧) = (iv) 𝑅𝑒 (𝑖𝑧) = −𝐼𝑚(𝑧) (v) Im(𝑖𝑧) = 𝑅𝑒 (𝑧)
2 2𝑖
a) Only (i), (ii), (iii) are true. b) Only (iv) (v) are true
c) All statements (i) (v) are true d) None of the above.
30
14. (−√3 − 𝑖) =
(a) 230 (b) −230 (c) −230 − 𝑖 (d) 230 + 𝑖
15. 𝑓(𝑧) = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑖 4𝑦 2 =
(a) 𝑧 + 𝑧̅ (b) 𝑧 𝑧̅ (c) (1 − 𝑖)𝑧 2 + (2 + 2𝑖)𝑧 𝑧̅ + (1 − 𝑖)𝑧̅ 2 (d) None of these
𝑧
16. If an ellipse 𝑠(𝑡) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑖 sin 𝑡 , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝑧 is rotated by ⁄6 and centre shifted to 2 + 𝑖, then
parametric equation 𝑟(𝑡) of the resulting ellipse is
(a) 𝑟(𝑡) = (√3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, √2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)
1 √3
(b) 𝑟(𝑡) = (√3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 2 sin 𝑡 + 2, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + sin 𝑡 + 1) ; 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝜋
2
(c) 𝑟(𝑡) = (√2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, √3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 )
(d) None of these
17. The image of a circle under a linear transformation is
(a) straight line (b) circle (c) can be a straight line or a circle (d) any curve
𝑛
18. 𝑃(𝑧) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑧 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 is a polynomial of degree 𝑛 ≥ 1
Then for 𝑘 = 0 to 𝑛, 𝑎𝑘 =
𝑃 𝑘 (0) 𝑃 𝑘 (0)
(a) 𝑘 ! 𝑝𝑘 (0) (b) (c) (𝐾+1)! (d) None of these
𝑘!
𝑑
19. 𝑑𝑧 𝑧 𝑛 = 𝑛ℤ𝑛−1 is valid if
(a) 𝑛 ∈ ℤ, 𝑧 ∈ ℂ (c) 𝑛 ∈ ℕ, 𝑧 ∈ ℂ \{0}
(b) 𝑛 ∈ ℤ \ {0}, 𝑧 ∈ ℂ (d) 𝑛 ∈ ℤ\{0}, 𝑧 ∈ ℂ\{0}
𝑓(𝑧)
20. 𝑓 ′ (𝑧0 ), 𝑔′(𝑧0 ) exists 𝑔′(𝑧0 ) ≠ 0 𝑓(𝑧0 ) = 0 = 𝑔(𝑧0 ). Then lim =
𝑧→𝑧0 𝑔(𝑧)
𝑓′(𝑧 )
(a) does not exist (b) 0 (c) 𝑔′(𝑧0 ) (d) [𝑓 ′ (𝑧0 ) − 𝑔′(𝑧0 )][𝑔′(𝑧0 )]2
0

21. 𝑓(𝑧) = 1⁄𝑧 , 𝑧 ≠ 0, 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) =

1
(a) does not exist (b) − 𝑧 2 (c) 0 (d) None of these
′
22. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑅𝑒𝑧. 𝑓 (𝑧) exists
(a) ∀ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ (b) only at 𝑧 = 0 (c) no where on ℂ (d) exist only on real axis
23. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝐼𝑚 𝑍, 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) exists
(a) ∀ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ (b) only at 𝑧 = 0 (c) no where on ℂ (d) exists only on imaginary axix
′
24. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 − 𝑧̅ , 𝑓 (𝑧) exists
(a) only at 0 (b) only at 𝑖 (c) on ℂ (d) nowhere on ℂ
−𝑥 −𝑖𝑦
25. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑒
(a) 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) exists no where on ℂ (b) 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) exists on ℂ
(c)𝑓 ′ (𝑧) exists only at 𝑖 (d) None of these

26. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑖(1 − 𝑦)3. Then

(a) 𝑓 is differentiable only at 𝑧 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = 3𝑥 2
(b) 𝑓 is differentiable only at 𝑧 = 𝑖, 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = 3𝑧 2
(c) 𝑓 is differentiable only on ℂ&𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑖 3(1 − 𝑦)2
(d) 𝑓 is differentiable only at 𝑧 = 0&𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = 0
𝑧̅ 2
𝑧≠0
27. 𝑓(𝑧) = { 𝑧
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(a) Cauchy Riemann equations are not satisfied at (0,0)
(b) Cauchy Riemann equations are satisfied at (0,0) but 𝑓 is not differentiable at (0,0)
(c) Cauchy Riemann equations are not satisfied at (0,0) but 𝑓 is differentiable at (0, 0)
(d) None of the above
28. 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑅𝑒(𝑧), 𝑔(𝑧) = 𝐼𝑚 (𝑧), ℎ(𝑧) = 𝑧̅ Then which of the following statements hold
(a) 𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ satisfies Cauchy Riemann equations at every 𝑝𝑡
(b) 𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ does not satisfies Cauchy Riemann equations at any 𝑝𝑡.
(c) 𝑓, 𝑔 satisfies Cauchy Riemann equations but ℎ does not satisfy Cauchy Riemann equations.
(d) 𝑓, 𝑔 does not satisfy Cauchy Riemann equations but ℎ does satisfy Cauchy Riemann equations.
 DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS

1) Use 𝜖 − 𝛿 definition of limit to show that

𝑧̅2
lim = 0 lim [𝑥 + 𝑖(2𝑥 + 𝑦)] = 1 + 𝑖 lim(𝑧̅ 2 + 2) = 2𝑖 + 2
𝑧→0 𝑧 𝑧→1−𝑖 𝑧→0
𝑧 2
2) Use 𝜖 − 𝛿 definition of limit to show that that lim (𝑧) does not exist
𝑧→0
3) Compute following limits
𝑧 2 +16 𝑧 4 −1 𝑖𝑧 3 −1
(i) lim (ii) lim 𝑧 2 −1 (iii) lim
𝑧→4𝑖 𝑧−4𝑖 𝑧→𝑖 𝑧→𝑖 𝑧+𝑖
4) Show that
4𝑧 2 𝑧 2 +1 1
(i) lim (𝑧−1)2 = 4 (ii) lim =∞ (iii) lim (𝑧−1)3 = ∞
𝑧→∞ 𝑧→∞ 𝑧−1 𝑧→1
5) Test for the continuity of the function
𝑧 2 +9
𝑖𝑓 𝑧 ≠ 3𝑖
(i) 𝑓(𝑧) = { 𝑧−3𝑖
𝑧 − 3𝑖 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 = 3𝑖
𝑧̅ 3
𝑖𝑓 𝑧 ≠ 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑧) = {𝑧𝑅𝑒𝑧
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 = 0

6) Represent the following subsets of ℂ in the plane

(a) |𝑧 − 1 + 3𝑖| = 2, |𝑧 + 2| = |𝑧 − 1|,
|𝑧 − 𝑧0 | = |𝑧 − 𝑧̅0 | where 𝐼𝑚 𝑧0 ≠ 0,
|𝑧 − 𝑧0 | = |𝑧 + 𝑧̅0 | where 𝑅𝑒 𝑧0 ≠ 0 ,
𝑧 − 𝑧0 𝑅𝑒 𝑧
|𝑧 − 2| = 2|𝑧 − 2𝑖|, | | = 𝑐, 𝑐 ≠ 1, 𝑧0 ≠ 𝑧1 0 < 𝐼𝑚 𝑧 < 2𝜋, > 1 , 𝐼𝑚 𝑧 < 3
𝑧 − 𝑧1 |𝑧 − 1|

(b) |𝑧 + 1 − 2𝑖| = 2, 𝑅𝑒(𝑧 + 1) = 0, |𝑧 = 2𝑖| ≤ 1, 𝐼𝑚(𝑧 − 2𝑖) > 6

(c) 𝑅𝑒(𝑧) ≥ 2, 𝑅𝑒 (𝑧 2 ) ≤∝ , 𝐼𝑚(𝑧 2 ) ≤ ∝,
1 𝑧−1
|𝑧 2 − 2| ≤ 1, | | < 1, | |≤1
𝑧 𝑧+1
(d) |𝑧 + 1| − |𝑧 − 1| = ±2
7) 𝑓: Ω ⊆ ℂ → ℂ Define differentiability (or complex differentiability) of 𝑓 at 𝑧0 ∈ Ω
Using the definition above, discuss differentiability of the following function 𝑓 at the point 𝑠
mentioned.
(a) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 2 for any 𝑧 ∈ ℂ (b) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧̅ for any 𝑧 ∈ ℂ
2
𝑧̅ 𝑧≠0
(c) 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧|2 for any 𝑧 ∈ ℂ (d) 𝑓(𝑧) = { ⁄𝑧 𝑎𝑡 (0, 0)
0 𝑧 =0

8) Write the function 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧| in the form 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑖 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) .Using Cauchy Riemann equations,
decide whether they are any points in ℂ at which 𝑓 is differentiable
9) Use (i) Definition of differentiability
(ii) Cauchy Riemann equations
to check differentiability of 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑅𝑒 𝑧, 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝐼𝑚 𝑧
10) Test differentiability of the following function at (0, 0). 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 𝑅𝑒 𝑧, 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 𝐼𝑚 𝑧, 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧|𝑧|
11) Use polar co-ordinates to show that 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧|2 is complex differentiable at 0. what can you say
about 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧|? Justify your answer.
12) Show that 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧| is differentiable everywhere except at 𝑧 = 0, when 𝑓 is considered as a
function from ℝ2 → ℝ2 . Is 𝑓 ℂ differentiable? Justify your answer.
13) Show that 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 |𝑧| is differentiable everywhere when 𝑓 is treated as a function from ℝ2 → ℝ2
but ℂ differentiable only at 𝑧 = 0.
14) Show that 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = √|𝑥𝑦| satisfies Cauchy Riemann equations at (0, 0) but 𝑓 is not ℂ
differentiable at (0,0).
𝑥𝑦
(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 , 0) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0, 0)
15) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
(0, 0) 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Show that 𝑓 satisfies Cauchy Riemann equation at (0, 0) but not ℂ- differentiable at (0, 0)
2
16) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧̅𝑒 −|𝑧| . Determine the points at which 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) exist and find 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) at these points.
17) 𝑓 is ℂ-differentiable on an open disk such that its image id contained in a line, a circle, a parabola or
a hyperbola. Show that 𝑓 is a constant.
18) (a) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 3 . 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑧1 = 1 and 𝑧2 = 𝑖. Show that there does not exist a point 𝑐 on
𝑓(𝑧2 )−𝑓(𝑧1 )
the line 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥 between 1 & 𝑖 such that = 𝑓 ′ (𝑐)
𝑧2 −𝑧1
(b) Does mean Value Theorem for derivatives of real valued functions hold for complex functions?
Justify your answer.
19) Does mean value theorem for integrals hold for complex valued functions justify?
(Consider the function 𝑤 ∶ [0, 2𝜋] → ℂ , 𝑤(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑖𝑡 Note- can this function also be used to show
Mean value theorem is not true for derivatives for complex valued functions.)