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Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Chapter-4 Momentum Study Question

1) A skater of mass 60 kg collides with and holds onto another stationary skater of mass 30 kg. Their combined mass moves off at velocity v. 2) A lorry of mass 3000 kg travelling at 30 m/s collides with a car of mass 1000 kg. They move off together at 25 m/s. 3) Momentum is calculated as mass times velocity. It is a vector quantity that is conserved during collisions if no external forces act, excluding the contact forces between objects.

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2K views2 pages

Edexcel IGCSE Physics: Chapter-4 Momentum Study Question

1) A skater of mass 60 kg collides with and holds onto another stationary skater of mass 30 kg. Their combined mass moves off at velocity v. 2) A lorry of mass 3000 kg travelling at 30 m/s collides with a car of mass 1000 kg. They move off together at 25 m/s. 3) Momentum is calculated as mass times velocity. It is a vector quantity that is conserved during collisions if no external forces act, excluding the contact forces between objects.

Uploaded by

Mahbub Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Edexcel IGCSE Physics 7.

A skater of mass 60 kg moving at 6 m/s collides with,


Chapter-4 Momentum and holds on to, another stationary škater of mass 30
Study question kg. The pair moves off at a velocity v. Find v.

8. A lorry of mass 3000 kg is travelling at 30 m/s. It


1. What is the momentum of a 58 g tennis ball travelling
at 40 m/s ? collides with a car of mass 1000 kg. They move off
together with a velocity of 25 m/s.
2. What is the momentum of a 2000 kg car travelling at
25 m/s ? a) What is the momentum of the vehicles after the
3. What is the mass of a car that is travelling at 20 m/s collision ?
and has a momentum of 20 000 kg m/s ? b) What was the momentum of the vehicles just before
the collision ?
4. What is the velocity of a car that has a mass of 1 500
c) What was the speed of the sports car just before the
kg and a momentum of 37 500 kg m/s ?
collision ?
REMEMBER: Whenever we use the principal of 9. In each of the following experiments shown in the
conservation of momentum we assume : diagrams, the two trolleys collide and stick together,
Work out the speeds of collisions. the trolleys after
“No external forces could be applied during the collision
their
except action & reaction force.”

If any external forces applied other than the action &


reaction force then you cannot use principal of
conservation of momentum.

5. In an experiment, a 2 kg trolley travelling at O.5 m/s


crashes into, and sticks to, a 3 kg trolley that is
stationary before the crash. Work out the velocity of 10. A lorry of mass of 18 000 kg collides with a
the pair after the crash. stationary car of mass 2000 kg.

a) Calculate the momentum of the lorry before the collision.


b) After the collision the lorry and car move off together.
State their combined momentum after the
6. Two cars collide head-on as shown in the diagram. collision.
After the collision both cars are stationary Calculate the c) Calculate the speed of the lorry and car after the collision.
velocity of the 750 kg car before the collision. d) Each of the drivers of the car and lorry has a mass of 80 kg.
Calculate their changes of momentum during
the collision.
e) The collision last for 0.2 s. Calculate the force that acts on
each driver during the collision. Explain which driver is more
likely to be injured.

f) Explain why a crumple zone protects the drivers in a


collision.
16. Describe how to calculate momentum. Is it a scalar
11. A field gun of mass 1000 kg, which is free to move, quantity or a vector quantity ?
fires a shell of mass 10 kg at a speed of 200 m/s.
17. Use ideas about change in momentum to explain
a) Calculate the momentum of the shell after firing.
why a parachutist should bend their knees when they
b) State the momentum of the gun just after firing. land.
c) Calculate the recoil velocity of the gun.
d) Why do you think very large guns are mounted on 18. Tom and Alex are standing still facing each other.
railway trucks ? They are both wearing roller skates.

12. In Figure two cars collided head-on. Each driver


had a mass of 70 kg.

a) Calculate the change of momentum for each driver.


b) The cars stopped ¡n 0.25 s. Calculate the average
force that acted on each driver.
c) Explain which driver is more likely to be seriously
injured. Tom pushes Alex away from him. Tom is surprised to
find that he moves backwards.

13. A car of mass 500 kg accelerates from 1 5 m/s to 30 Use ideas about the conservation of momentum to
m/s. explain why Tom moves backwards. (4)
a) Calculate the change in momentum of the car.
(1 mark)
19 Using your knowledge of momentum, explain:
b) If the car takes 5 seconds to make this change, a) why you bend your knees when you land after a jump
calculate the net force required. (1 mark) b) why cars are designed to have crumple zones.
c) The actual force provided by the car engine will be
larger than the value calculated in part b). Explain why. 20. Explain why passengers should wear seat belts ¡n
(1 mark) cars and coaches.

14. Jack is standing on a stationary skateboard. When 21 Explain why ¡t hurts more ¡f you fall over on concrete
he steps off the skateboard forwards the skateboard than ¡t does ¡f you fall over on grass.
moves backwards. Use the principle of conservation of
22. Apply Newton’s third law of motion to explain the
momentum to explain why this happens. (2 marks)
following:
a) A gun recoils when it is fired.
15. Goalkeepers in hockey wear extra padding to b) When you lean against a wall you do not fall over.
protect themselves from being hit by fast hockey balls. c) You have to push water backwards so that you can
Explain how the padding reduces injuries from hockey swim forwards.
balls. Use ideas about force, momentum and time in
your answer.

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