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Introduction To BUS

The bus is a medium used to transfer data, memory addresses, and control signals within a computer system. It connects internal components like the CPU, main memory, and I/O ports. There are different types of buses: data buses transfer data, address buses transfer memory addresses, and control buses transfer timing and control signals. Buses can be either serial, transferring data one bit at a time, or parallel, transferring multiple bits simultaneously. Wider buses allow more data to be transferred at once, increasing processing speed.

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68 views3 pages

Introduction To BUS

The bus is a medium used to transfer data, memory addresses, and control signals within a computer system. It connects internal components like the CPU, main memory, and I/O ports. There are different types of buses: data buses transfer data, address buses transfer memory addresses, and control buses transfer timing and control signals. Buses can be either serial, transferring data one bit at a time, or parallel, transferring multiple bits simultaneously. Wider buses allow more data to be transferred at once, increasing processing speed.

Uploaded by

Suman Samal Magar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to BUS:

The bus is a medium used to transfer data, memory address and control signal from
one part to other part of computers.
The bus is a set of wires that is used to connect the different internal components of
the computer system for the purpose of transferring data as well as addresses
amongst them. It refers to internal bus of computer system, which is also known as
communication path ways. It connect all the internal components like: CPU, main
memory and I/O port. There may be several bus in a computer system, Serial bus
and parallel bus.
In serial bus, the process of sending data are one bit at a time, sequentially, over
a computer bus. And in parallel BUS where several bits are sent as a whole, on a
link with several parallel channels. For example, an 8-bit parallel channel will
convey eight bits (or a byte) simultaneously, whereas a serial channel would convey
those same bits sequentially, one at a time. If both channels operated at the
same clock speed, the parallel channel would be eight times faster.
The size of the bus is known as its width determines how much data can be
transmitted at one time. Wider the BUS, the more data will be carried at one time,
thus processing speed will be greater.
Generally, CPU has three types of BUS to perform the different functions of
computer systems.
They are
 Data bus
 Address bus
 Control bus

Data bus:
In computer system, data bus is used to transfer data amongst the different internal
components. i.e CPU, memory and I/O devices. This Data BUS is the main factor
for determining the processing power of computer . The speed of the data bus also
affects the overall processing power of a computer system. The data bus consists of
8, 16, 32 or 64 parallel lines called data lines. The number of wires inside the data
bus determines the amount of data that can be transferred at one time. Wider the data
BUS, the more data it can carry at one time. Example: Modern computer systems
use 32-bit data buses for data transfer.ie these buses are capable of transferring 32
bits of data at a time. The data BUS is bi-direction in nature.

Address bus:
The address bus is also known as memory bus. It transfers the memory addresses for
read and write memory operations. It contains a number of address lines that
determine the range of memory addresses that can be referenced using the address
bus. A computer with N-bit address bus can directly address 2N unit of physical
memory .For example32 bits address bus can be used to reference 2 32 memory
locations. Like data bus, the address bus can also be serial or a parallel bus. Address
bus consists of group of unidirectional wires which transmits address of data in only
one direction from CPU to main memory and peripherals devices.

Control Bus:
The control bus is comprised of various single lines that carry timing and control
signal between CPU and other devices within the computer. Control bus is consists
of 4 to 10 parallel lines that report the status of various devices called control lines.
Control signal may be read and write signal. The control signals transmit both
command and timing information between the system modules. The timing signal
indicates the validity of the data and address information. Whereas command signal
specify operations to be performed.
Control signal examples: Memory write, Memory read, Clock , reset, I/O write, I/O
read.
Fig : System Bus

CPU
(ALU,Registers and Memory Input and Output
control units)

Data Bus

Address Bus
Data bus
Control Bus
Data bus

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