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Ch4-ThreePhase AC-tutorial

This document provides examples and solutions for calculating resistances and currents in three-phase systems. It begins with an example of calculating the resistance of three resistors connected in star, delta without transformation, and delta with transformation for an 18kW water heater. Subsequent examples show calculations for line currents in a three-phase system with single-phase loads where the neutral is disconnected, and calculations for line currents supplying a balanced load and capacitor bank through a cable impedance. Diagrams and step-by-step workings are provided for each example.

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Brian Li
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93 views12 pages

Ch4-ThreePhase AC-tutorial

This document provides examples and solutions for calculating resistances and currents in three-phase systems. It begins with an example of calculating the resistance of three resistors connected in star, delta without transformation, and delta with transformation for an 18kW water heater. Subsequent examples show calculations for line currents in a three-phase system with single-phase loads where the neutral is disconnected, and calculations for line currents supplying a balanced load and capacitor bank through a cable impedance. Diagrams and step-by-step workings are provided for each example.

Uploaded by

Brian Li
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Three-phase Systems - tutorial

Presented by
Prof. M. L. Chen
Dept. of Building services Engineering
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

1
Example 1
Q.You are required to design a three-phase 18 kW
instantaneous water heater. Find the resistance of
the three resistors if they are connected in (i)
star, (ii) delta without star/delta transformation,
and (iii) delta with delta/star transformation.
Ans. Given P =18kW, three-phase.
Assume the line voltage is V=380V, line current
is I, and 3 pure resistors R are used. Then,
P =3 VI.
 I =18000W/(3*380V) = 27.3A.

2
Example 1 – Answer (i)
(i) For star connected resistors:
Red I
Vp, Ip R
Ep s
n V n’
Yellow
Blue

Rs = Vphase/Iphase =(V/3)/I
=(380/3)/27.3 =8.07

3
Example 1 – Answer (ii)
(ii) For delta connected resistors without using
star/delta transformation:
Red I
Ep Rd Vp Rd
n
V Rd Ip
Yellow
Blue

Rd = Vphase/Iphase =V/(I/3)
=380/(27.3/3) =24.2 =3Rs

4
Example 1 – Answer (iii)
(iii) For delta connected resistors, using star/delta
transformation:
I I
Ibr
Rr Ir V R Iry V
Iy Rbr ry
Rb Ryb
Ry
Ib Iyb

Rry = Rr+Ry+Rr*Ry/Rb
Since Rr=Ry=Rb=Rs
Rd = Rry = Rs + Rs + Rs * Rs /Rs
=3Rs =24.21
5
Example 2
Q.A star connected three-phase supply with voltage 346 V is
supplying three single-phase loads each rated at 200V. A
820W toaster is connected to red phase, an hair dryer of
1200W is connected to the yellow phase and lastly a 100W
tungsten filament lamp connected to blue phase. The neutral
conductor at the source-end is disconnected accidentally.
Find the line currents. State all the assumptions clearly.
(Hint: Try to use Mesh Equations to calculate and then change the
loads to delta-connected equivalent by star/delta transformation
and calculate again. Compare the two methods, you will find
the usefulness of star/delta or delta/star transformation.)

6
Example 2-Answer
Red Ir

Eb
n Er=200V Vry=346V n’ Rr
Ry
Yellow Iy Rb
Ey
Blue Ib

At beginning it is a 4-wire Y- By accident, it becomes a 3-wire


Y system. Assume all loads Y system. Transfer into a
are pure resistors: equivalent Y- connection,
Rr =200V2/820W =48.78 Rry =Rr+Ry+RrRy /Rb=86.18
Ry =200V2/1200W =33.33 Rbr =Rr+Rb+RrRb /Ry=1034.14
Rb =200V2/100W =400 Ryb =Ry+Rb+RyRb /Rr=706.67
7
Example 2-Answer (continue)
R I
r Ibr
Eb n Er Rbr Iry Rry
Iyb
Ey Y Iy Ryb
B Ib
Iry= Vry/Rry= 34630/86.18 =4.0130 =3.473 +j2.005
Ibr= Vbr/Rbr= 346150/1034.14 =0.335150 = -0.29+ j0.168
Iyb= Vyb/Ryb= 346-90/706.67 =0.4896-90 = -j0.4896

Ir= Iry-Ibr= 3.763+j1.837 =4.18726


Iy= Iyb-Iry= -3.473-j2.495 =4.276-144.3
Ib= Ibr-Iyb= -0.29+j0.658 =0.7191113.8
8
Example 3
Q. A 346V delta-connected source is supplying a
balanced load of 300 kVA and 200kW and a capacitor
bank of 60 kVAr through a cable of impedance 0.0170
. Find the line currents and their phase angle.

9
Example 3 - Answer
A. Since the source is 346V delta-connected, and the loads
are in balance, this circuit can be analyzed by using
single-phase equivalent circuit.
Assume both the load and capacitor are star-connected.
 load per phase ZL = 346V2/300kVA = 0.4
pf = 200kW/300kVA = 0.667= cos
ZL = 0.448.16 =0.27+j0.3
Capacitor, ZC = 346V2/60kVAr=2-90= -j2
For each phase, ZL and ZC are in parallel, the single-phase
equivalent circuit is as following:
10
Example 3 – Answer (continue)
Iphase 0.01 70
IC IL
200V ZC ZL

Since cable impedance of 0.01 is far smaller than ZL


and ZC , it can be ignored. Thus,
Iphase = IC +IL = Vline/ZC +Vline/ZL
=(200V/0.448.16 ) +(200V/ 2-90 )
=500-48.16 +10090
=333-j372+j100 =43039.2
Iline =Iphase =43039.2
(respect to line voltage)
11
Three-phase Systems - tutorial

The end

12

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