Hibiscus Sabdariffa - A Natural Micro Nu

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Hibiscus sabdariffa, also known as Roselle, is a flowering plant with high nutritional potential. The calyx is used to make drinks, jam, and jellies and contains vitamin C, iron, and beta-carotene. The seed powder can improve antioxidant properties and fiber content in foods.

The calyx, leaves, seeds, and stem parts of Hibiscus sabdariffa are used. The calyx is most commonly used to make drinks, jam, and jellies due to its high vitamin C and antioxidant content.

Hibiscus sabdariffa has been shown to contain carbohydrates, iron, ascorbate, beta-carotene, magnesium, sodium, aluminum, iron, manganese, and zinc. It may help prevent chronic and degenerative diseases due to its active dietary constituents.

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2016).

3(4): 243-248

International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences


ISSN: 2348-8069
www.ijarbs.com
Volume 3, Issue 4 - 2016
Review Article

SOI: http://s-o-i.org/1.15/ijarbs-2016-3-4-33

Hibiscus sabdariffa - A natural micro nutrient source


Thongam Chanu Anel1*, Rocky Thokchom2, M. Sylvia Subapriya3, Jenita Thokchom4
and Sanasam Sanjay Singh5
1,3
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher
Education for Women, Coimbatore- 641043, Tamil Nadu,
*2
Department of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
Pundibari, Cooch Behar- 736165, West Bengal
4
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011
5
ICAR, NEH Region, Lamphelpat, Imphal, Manipur- 795004
*Corresponding author: rockythokchomaau@gmail.com

Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa is one of the most common flowering plant grown worldwide. There are more than 300 species of Hibiscus
around the world. One of them is Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn which have high nutritional potential mostly leaves, calyx parts and
seeds. The calyx of Roselle is used in the preparation of various drinks, jam and jellies. The nutrient evaluation of Roselle calyx’s
drinks revealed appreciable quantity of carbohydrate, iron, ascorbate and β carotene. The pharmacological studies of Roselle juice
consumption significantly decreases the serum level of serum iron, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein and increases
significantly triglycerides and haemoglobin levels. The evaluation of the functional properties of Roselle seed powder
incorporated in formulations of cookies exhibited improved antioxidant properties as well as high fiber content. Nutritionally, the
fermented food prepared from cooked Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds significantly increases the levels of Mg, Na, Al, Fe, Mn and Zn.
In view of its reported nutritional and functional properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa could be a source of active dietary constituents
in the role of prevention of chronic and degenerative diseases as well to challenge the micro nutrient deficiency.

Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa, Calyx, micro nutrient.

Introduction

The Enormous changes in lifestyle, eating habits, and quality and safety to meet all micro- and
shifting rural habitations have a significant effect on macronutrient requirements (Kraisid and Pattanee,
diets in the developing countries leading to increase in 2009). There have been continuous developments in
various health problems. In recent decades, nutritional the scientific foundation, which states that plants and
science has clearly demonstrated the importance of their active dietary constituents play an important role
nutrition for health and general well being. in the prevention of chronic and degenerative diseases.
Micronutrients play a vital role in health by Hibiscus sabdariffa known as Roselle is one of the
functioning as antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, underexploited food crops with nutritional and food
or as components of antioxidant enzymes, such as industry processing potential (Leung and Foster,
superoxide dismutase, including Mn, Cu and Zn 1996). It is known in different countries by various
(Evans and Helliwill, 2001). Populations have to common names, including roselle, razelle, sorrel, red
consume enough foods with adequate nutritional sorrel, Jamaican sorrel, Indian sorrel, Guinea sorrel,
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Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2016). 3(4): 243-248
sour-sour, and Queensland jelly plant (Mahadevan, Table 1 gives the micro nutrient elements of Hibiscus
2009). Indian vernacular names include Gongura, sabdariffa calyx. The leaves of red and yellow roselle
Lambari, Patwa, Lal-mista, Chukar, Pundibija, contained appreciable quantities of carotene, fair
Pulachakiri, Pulichchai and Chukiar. It produces red levels of iron, ascorbic acid, phosphorus and calcium
edible calyces with unique brilliant red colour, when with traces of tannins, phytates and cyanide. But the
extracted (Morton, 1987 and Arab et al., 2001). The leaves from red calyx plant had higher protein,
calyx, stem, and leaf parts are acid in flavor. The juice carbohydrate, ash, carotene and iron than those from
from the calyces is claimed to be a health-enhancing yellow calyx plant. The seeds of both varieties had
drink due to its high content of vitamin C, high levels of calcium, phosphorus and fair quantities
anthocyanins and other antioxidants. The leaves, seed of iron, sodium, riboflavin and ascorbic acid. The
and calyx parts are valued for its nutritional and seeds from yellow calyx plant contained more protein,
medicinal uses (Heureux and Badrie, 2004). The most ash, iron, phosphorus, carotene and thiamine than
exploited part of Roselle plant is its calyces which those from the red calyx plant. The seeds from yellow
may be green, red or dark red (Schiffers, 2000). calyx plant also had lower levels of tannins, phytates
Calyces of Roselle contain nine times more vitamin C and cyanide than those from the red calyx plant (Nnam
than Citrus sinensis (Amin et al., 2008). The seed of and Onyeke, 2003). The Proteins of roselle seeds are
Roselle is a valuable food resource on account of its of good quality especially from the boiled seeds and
protein, calorie, fat and also substantial amount of are not influenced by the agro ecological region
fiber and valuable micro-nutrients (Akanbi et al., (Ghislain et al., 2014). Table 2 gives the micro
2009). Roselle seeds are a good source of lipid soluble nutrient composition of differently processed Roselle
antioxidants, particularly γ-tocopherol (Mohamed, seed. The nutrient and toxic substances in red and
2007). green species of Hibiscus sabdariffa soaking in wood
ash were low in antinutritional content. Both the
The micro nutrient composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa varieties soaked in wood ash showed increase in the
calyx, seed and leave parts varies between studies, potassium content. These factors support the
probably due to different varieties, genetic, consumption of the calyces will have no adverse effect
environmental, ecology and harvest conditions of the on the body system (Adanlawo and Ajibade, 2006).
plant. The nutrient composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa Moreover boiling reduces the level of anti nutrients
calyx and seed was different depending on Ecotype and toxic substance with retention of most micro
(Atta et al., 2013). Many researchers had done the nutrients in amount sufficient to meet our dietary
photochemical analysis of Roselle by various methods. requirement. But boiling beyond 5 minutes reduces B
The Roselle calyx is also rich in malic acid, carotene level in vegetables (Musa and Ogbadoyi,
anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and minerals, especially 2012).
Ca and Fe, but low in glucose (Jung et al., 2013).

Table 1: Proximate composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx

Components $Purple ^red ^Green


Moisture 10.74 7.60 6.24
Crude fat 8.21 2.01 2.17
Ash 7.24 12.24 6.83
Crude fiber 6.78 4.69 6.75
Crude protein 11.26 4.01 6.45
Carbohydrate 55.57 68.75 71.56
$Ajala Lo et al. (2013) ^Adanlawo and Ajibade (2006)

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Table 2: Mineral composition (mg/kg) of raw and processed roselle seeds cultivated in Cameroon
(Ghislain et al., 2014)

Sample Ca Mg K Na P Fe Zn
D2I 1750 1985 30.52 22 10.58 137.3 63.5
D2II 1920 2083 272.7 14 35.82 147.5 76.1
D3I 1054 1670 26.45 21 20.73 145.02 21.3
D3II 1160 1989 232.6 15 80.60 169.22 10.13
D4I 1710 1895 31.8 24 90.78 140.01 46.91
D4II 1860 2090 272.7 18 18.92 152.5 52.6
D5II 1260 1898 205.45 21 40.52 148.7 69.8
D6II 1262 1850 206.9 20 42.03 149.03 70.11
D2I and D2II =raw roselle seeds, D3I and D3II = boiled roselle seeds, D4I and D4II = toasted roselle seeds,
D5II= toasted for 7 min after soaking for 12 h, D6II= toasted for 14 min after soaking for 12 h. I= agro
ecological area I (Adamaoua region). II= agro ecological area II (West region).

Table 3: Mineral composition (mg/100g) of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx

@ *
# Dried red @ Dry Green calyx
Constituents Dry Purple calyx Dry yellow calyx
calyx
Calcium 280.00 3.00 3.00 21.58
Manganese 195.40 1.00 1.07 ND
Iron 58.80 833.00 800.67 3.37
Phosphorous 34.50 22.0 23.33 15.05
Sodium 80.70 15.33 16.01 48.19
Zinc 81.40 1.17 1.37 16.28
Copper ND 0.70 0.78 ND
B carotene ND 285.29 281.28 ND
Thiamine ND 24.67 Trace ND
Riboflavin ND 0.95 0.96 ND
Ascorbic acid 31.24 53 56.83 12.50
Potassium 160.50 ND ND 49.59
magnesium ND ND ND 47.54
Nickel ND ND ND 3.57
@
Nnam and Onyeke (2003) # Ajala Lo (2013) *Adanlawo and Ajibade (2006)

Effects of consumption on some biochemical investigated in mice, rabbits and rats (Chen et al.,
parameters 2004; Hirunpanich et al., 2006; Ologundudu et al.,
2009). However, little studies have been done in
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from the malvaceae family humans. Consumption of 1 liter of hibiscus calyx juice
found in many tropical areas have a good nutritional per day (half in the morning half in the evening)
potential (Morton et al., 2000). Its significantly decrease total cholesterol and high
hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, density lipoprotein and increase level of hemoglobin
cardio protective, hepatoprotective effects have been and it is harmless on the liver (Ghislain et al., 2011).

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Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. (2016). 3(4): 243-248
Functional Application of Roselle on food products Conclusion

Different food products, fermented foods and hot and The result of this review revealed that Roselle is one
cold beverages of Hibiscus sabdariffa are widely used of the cheap foods, capable of providing a natural
in different countries. Mostly calyx parts were used in micronutrient source and natural antioxidant potential,
beverages. In Sudan, the dry calyx is used to produce a as well as enhancing mineral availability. This result
flavorsome and healthy drink and dried calyces are will serve as base data for nutritionists and traditional
used for tea, jelly, marmalade, ices, ice cream, sorbets, medical practitioners who may be looking for an
butter, pies, sauces, tarts, and other desserts (Duke and alternative source of micro nutrients to combat
Ayensu, 1985). The seeds have also been used as an deficiency diseases.
aphrodisiac coffee substitute. Roselle seed is a
valuable food resource as it has an excellent source of
dietary fiber. Cookies incorporated with Roselle seed
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Thongam Chanu Anel, Rocky Thokchom, M. Sylvia Subapriya, Jenita Thokchom and Sanasam Sanjay
Singh. (2016). Hibiscus sabdariffa - a natural micro nutrient source. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 3(4): 243-
248.

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