IT1402 MOBILE COMPUTING 3 0 0 100

AIM

To provide basics for various techniques in Mobile Communications and Mobile

Content services.

OBJECTIVES

o To learn the basics of Wireless voice and data communications

technologies.
o To build working knowledge on various telephone and satellite networks.
o To study the working principles of wireless LAN and its standards.
o To build knowledge on various Mobile Computing algorithms.
o To build skills in working with Wireless application Protocols to develop
mobile content applications.

UNIT I WIRELESS COMMUNICATION FUNDAMENTALS 9

Introduction – Wireless transmission – Frequencies for radio transmission – Signals –

Antennas – Signal Propagation – Multiplexing – Modulations – Spread spectrum –
MAC – SDMA – FDMA – TDMA – CDMA – Cellular Wireless Networks.

UNIT II TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS 11

Telecommunication systems – GSM – GPRS – DECT – UMTS – IMT-2000 – Satellite

Networks - Basics – Parameters and Configurations – Capacity Allocation – FAMA
and DAMA – Broadcast Systems – DAB - DVB.

UNIT III WIRLESS LAN 9

Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 - Architecture – services – MAC – Physical layer – IEEE
802.11a - 802.11b standards – HIPERLAN – Blue Tooth.

UNIT IV MOBILE NETWORK LAYER 9

Mobile IP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Routing – DSDV – DSR –

Alternative Metrics.
UNIT V TRANSPORT AND APPLICATION LAYERS 7

Traditional TCP – Classical TCP improvements – WAP, WAP 2.0.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, PHI/Pearson Education, Second

Edition, 2003
2. William Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networks”, PHI/Pearson
Education, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. Kaveh Pahlavan, Prasanth Krishnamoorthy, “Principles of Wireless

Networks”, PHI/Pearson Education, 2003.
2. Uwe Hansmann, Lothar Merk, Martin S. Nicklons and Thomas Stober,
“Principles of Mobile Computing”, Springer, New York, 2003.
3. Hazysztof Wesolowshi, “Mobile Communication Systems”, John Wiley
and Sons Ltd, 2002.

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

THALAVAPALAYAM, KARUR.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT : MOBILE COMPUTING YEAR/SEM : IV / VII

SUB.CODE : IT 1402 UNIT NO :I

2 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. What is mobile network?

A mobile network moving at high speed above ground with a wireless link will be the only
means of transporting data to and from passengers.

2. How to improve signal reception by counteracting the negative effects of multipath

propagation? // (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

The sender may first transmit a training sequence known by receiver. The receiver the
compares the received signal and programs an equalizer that compensates for the distortion.

3. Mention the basic propagation mechanisms, which impact propagation in mobile

communication.

The basic propagation mechanisms are,

Reflection

Diffraction

Scattering

Blocking

Refraction

4. Define reflection.

Reflection occurs when a propagating electromagnetic wave impinges upon an object, which
has very large dimension when compared to the wavelength of propagating wave.

5. Discuss about the frequency division duplex scheme.

//(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

A channel that allows for simultaneous transmission in both directions, i.e.,from mobile
station to base station and vice-versa are separated using different frequencies is called
frequency division duplex.

6. Define scattering.

Scattering occurs when the medium through which the wave travels consists of objects with
dimensions that are small compared to the wavelength and where the number of obstacles per
unit volume is large.

7.What is multiplexing? // (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

It describes how several users can share a medium with minimum or no interference.

8. What is a smart antenna?

A smart antenna system consist of an antenna array, associated RF hardware and a computer
controller that changes array pattern in response to radio frequency environment.

9. Define Long term fading and short term fading.

The average power received over a long distance is referred as long term fading.

The power received over a very short interval of distance or time is referred as

Short term fading.

10. What is amplitude modulation?

In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the high frequency carrier signal is

varied in accordance to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating message signal

11. Define frequency modulation.

Frequency modulation is a form of angle modulation in which the instantaneous frequency of

the carrier signal is varied linearly with the base band message m(t)

12.What is guard space?

The space between interference ranges is called guard space.

13. List out the features of code Division multiple Access?

It does not require external synchronization networks. CDMA offers gradual degradation in
performance when the no. of users is increased But it is easy to add new user to the system. If
offers an external interference rejection capability.

14. What is called frequency hop spread spectrum?

In frequency hop spread spectrum, the frequency of the carrier hops randomly from one
frequency to another frequency.

15. What is spread factor?

S = t / t determines the bandwidth of resulting signal.

Where t - bit duration

T – chip duration

16. Explain about Binary Amplitude Shift Keying?

In Binary Amplitude Shift Keying the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied

between two fixed levels depending on the message signal amplitude.

17. What is Binary Frequency Shift Keying?

In Binary Frequency Shift Keying the frequency of the carrier signal is varied

between two fixed levels depending on the message signal amplitude.

18.Define direct sequence spread spectrum.

It is a technique for increasing the bandwidth of a transmitted signal by

combining it with a pseudo random noise signal with a higher bit rate.

19.Define phase modulation.

The phase of the carrier varies in according to amplitude variation of the

modulating signal. The amplitude of phase modulated signal remaining
constant.

20. What is the range of uplink and downlink frequency?

// (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

The uplink use the band between 890.2 and 915 MHz.

The downlink use the band between p35.2 and 960 MHz.

21.What is purpose of Space Division Multiple Access?

It is used for allocating a separated space to users in wireless networks

22.What are the three limited factors in FDMA?

Thermal noise.

Intermodulation noise
Cross talk.

23.What is the function of data link layer?

The main task of this layer includes accessing the medium, multiplexing of
different data streams, correction of transmission errors and synchronization.

24.What is FAMA?

The assignment of capacity within the overall satellite channel is distributed in

a fixed manner among multiple stations. This often results in significant
underuse of the capacity, as demand may fluctuate.

25.What is DAMA? // (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

The capacity assignment is changed as needed to respond optimally to

demand changes among the multiple stations.

26. Differentiate Analog modulation and Digital

modulation?(NOV\DEC2008)

The technique used to modulate analog information so that it can be

transmitted via satellites the techniques used to modulate digital
information so that it can be transmitted via microwave, satellite or down
a cable pairs

27. How are guard spaces realized between users in CDMA?

The guard spaces between the pair of user in CDMA system is

orthagonality between their spreading codes. The lower any pair of
spreading codes better is user separation.
POSSIBLE 16 MARK QUESTIONS:

1.What is spread spectrum? Explain about Direct sequence spread

spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum.

// (AU APR/MAY 2008)

Page no: 74-81.

2.Explain in detail about different types of modulation techniques.

Page no: 66-74.

3.List the differences between S/T/F/CDMA. // (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 109-110.

4.Describe in detail the frequencies for radio transmission.

Page no: 46-50.

5.Explain in detail about antennas and its radiation patterns.

Page no: 52-55.

6.Define multiplexing.Explain its types.

// (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no: 61-66.

7.Discuss in detail about TDMA.

Page no: 93-102.

8. Explain Signal propagation. //(AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no: 55-61.

9.Explain cellular systems. // (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 81-84.

10.Explain reference model of mobile communication.

Page no: 38-39.

11.explain in detail about multiplexing?//(AU NOV/DEC 2008)

Page no:61.

12.explain the following://(AU NOV/DEC 2008)

(i)MAC

(ii)SDMA

Page no:90.

TEXT BOOK: MOBILE COMMUNICATION

AUTHOR NAME: JOCHEN SCHILLER

SUBJECT : MOBILE COMPUTING

SUB.CODE: IT 1402
YEAR/SEM: IV / VII
UNIT NO : IV (MOBILE NETWORK
LAYER)

2 MARK QUESTIONS:
1.What is a socket pair?

A TCP connection is identified by the tuple (Source IP address,

source port, destination IP address, Destination port) known as socket
pair. A socket consists of address and port.
2. Summarize the goal of mobile IP. //(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Supporting end-system mobility while maintaining scalability, efficiency,

and compatibility in all respects with existing applications and Internet
protocols.

3. Give short notes about Mobile Node (MN).

A mobile node is an end-system or router that can change its point of

attachment to the Internet using a mobile IP. The MN keeps its IP address
and can continuously communicate with any other system in Internet as long
as link-layer connectivity is given.

4. Define Home Network and Foreign Network.

The home network is the current subnet the MN belongs to with respect to
its IP address.

The foreign network is the current subnet the MN visits and which is not the
home network

5. List out the services provided by Foreign Agent (FA).

The FA can have the COA acting as tunnel endpoint and forwarding packets
to the MN. The FA can be the default router for MN.

FA’s can also provide security services because they belong to the foreign
network as opposed to the MN, which is only visiting.

6. What is COA? //(AU NOV-DEC 2005)

The Care-of-address(COA) defines the current location of the MN from an

IP point of view. All packets sent to the MN are delivered to the COA, not
directly to the IP address of the MN.

7. Mention the term Foreign Agent COA.

The COA could be located at the FA, i.e., the COA is an IP address of the
FA. The FA is the tunnel end-point and forwards packets to the MN. Many
MN using the FA can share this COA as common COA.

8. Define Co-located COA.

 The COA is co-located if the MN temporarily acquired and additional IP
address which acts as COA. This address is now topologically correct, and
the tunnel endpoint is at the MN.

9.Mention the entities of mobile IP.

1. Mobility node
2. Correspondent node
3. Home network
4. Foreign network
5. Foreign agent
6. Care-of-address
7. Home agent

10.Mention the purpose of Agent solicitation.

If no agent advertisements are present or the inter-arrival time is too

high, and an MN has not received a COA by other means, the mobile
node must send agent solicitation.

11. Describe the fields in mobility binding.

Mobility binding containing the mobile nodes home IP address and the
current COA. The mobility binding contains the lifetime of the registration,
which is negotiated during the registration process.

12.What is tunneling? //(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

A tunnel establishes a virtual pipe for data packets between a tunnel entry
and a tunnel endpoint. Packet entering a tunnel is forwarded inside the
tunnel and leaves the tunnel unchanged.

13. Explain the process of Encapsulation and Decapsulation.

Encapsulation is the mechanism of taking a packet consisting of packet

header and data and putting it into the data part of a new packet.
Decapsulation is taking a packet out of the data part of another packet is
called Decapsulation.

14. Give short notes on Generic routing encapsulation.

Generic routing encapsulation allows the encapsulation of packets of one

protocol suite into the payload portion of a packet of another protocol suite.

15. Define: Binding Request.

Any node that wants to know the current location of an MN can send a
binding request to the HA. The HA can check if the MN has the location it
sends back a binding update.

16. State the fields in Binding Update. //(AU NOV-DEC 2005)

This message sent by the HA to CNs reveals the current location of an

MN. The message contains the fixed IP address of the MN and COA.
The binding update can request an acknowledgement.

17. Give the usage of Network address translation.

Many companies to hide internal resources and to use only some globally
available addresses use network address translation.

18.Write the advantages of Cellular IP.

Manageability: cellular IP is mostly self-configuring, and integration of the

CIPGW into a firewall would facilitate administration of mobility-related
functionality.

19. State the Disadvantage of Cellular IP.

Efficiency: forwarding packets on multiple paths induces additional network

load.

Transparency: Changes to MNs are required.

Security: Routing tables are changed based on messages sent by mobile

nodes.

20. Define routing.

Routing is needed to find a path between source and destination and to

forward the packets appropriately.
21.Describe the use of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

DHCP is mainly used to simplify the installation and maintenance of

networked computers, if a new computer is connected to a network.

22.What is Destination sequence distance vector?

Destination sequence distance vector routing is an enhancement to distance

vector routing for ad-hoc networks. Distance vector is used as routing
information protocol in wired networks.

23.What is route discovery in Dynamic source routing?

//(AU NOV-DEC 2005)

A node only tries to discover a route to a destination if it has to send

something to this destination and there is currently no known route.

24. Describe the term route maintenance.

If a node is continuously sending packets via a route, it has to make sure that
the route is held upright. As soon as a node detects problems with the
current route, it has to find an alternative.

25.List out steps in route request.

If the node has already received the request, it drops the request packet.

If the node recognizes its own address as the destination, the request has
reached its target.

Otherwise, the node appends its own address to a list of traversed hops in
the packet and broadcasts this updated route request.
16 MARK QUESTIONS:
1.Explain briefly about Dynamic host configuration protocol.

//(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 348-350.

2.What are the two problems in Dynamic Source Routing, explain with
an example.

//(AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no: 356-358.

3.Discuss in detail about IP packet delivery and agent discovery.

Page no: 329-332.

4.Explain about tunneling and encapsulation.

//(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 335-339.

5.Explain in detail about DHCP.

Page no: 348-350

6.Dicuss about routing of mobile ad-hoc networks.

Page no: 350-355.

7. Define DSDV and DSR.Explain briefly.

Page no: 355-359.

8. Explain in detail about reverse tunneling and IPV6.

//(AU NOV-DEC 2005)

 Page no: 341-343.

9.Explain briefly about flat ad-hoc routing protocol.

Page no: 360-361.

10.Discuss about hierarchical ad-hoc routing and geographic position

assisted ad-hoc routing.

Page no: 362-363.

TEXT BOOK : MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

AUTHOR NAME: JOCHEN SCHILLER

SUBJECT : MOBILE COMPUTING

SUB.CODE : IT 1402
YEAR/SEM: IV / VII
UNIT NO : III (WIRLELESS LAN)

2 MARK QUESTIONS:
1.What is meant by wireless LAN?

Wireless LANs are restricted in their diameter to buildings,a

campus,single room,etc and are reapeated by individuals.

2. What are the advantages of WLAN?

8. Flexibility
9. Planning
10. Design
11. Robustness
12. Cost

3. What are the disadvantages of WLAN?

13. Quality of service
14. Proprietary solutions
15. Restrictions
16. Safety and security

4. What is meant by IEEE 802.11?

The standard IEEE 802.11 specifies the most famous family of

WLANs in which many products are available.

This means that the standard specifies physical and medium access
layer adapted to special requirements of WLANs,but offers same interface
as the others to higher layers to maintain interoperability.

5. What are the goals of WLAN? // (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

17. Global operation

18. Low power
19. License-free operation
20. Robust transmission technology
21. Protection of investment

6. Mention the features of WLAN.

22. Support of power management to save battery power

23. Handling of hidden nodes
24. Ability to operate worldwide

7. What is the use of Header Error Check?

PLCP header is protected by a 16-bit checksum with standard ITU-T

generator polynomial G(x)=x^16+x^12+x^5+1.

8. What is SIFS?
 Short inter-frame spacing(SIFS) is the shortest waiting time for
medium access is defined for short control messages,such as
acknowledgements of data packets or polling responses.

9. What is CRC? // (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Cyclic Redundancy Code(CRC) is a 32-bit checksum used to protect

the frame as it is common practice in all 802.x network.

10. Mention the two basic system architecture of IEEE 802.11.

1. Infrastructure based
2. Ad-hoc

11. What is WEP?

Wired equipment privacy(WEP) indicates that the standard security

mechanism of 802.11 is applied.

12. Define MAC management.

MAC management controls all functions related to system integration

i.e. integration of a wireless station into a BSS,formation of
ESS,synchronization of stations,etc.

13. What do you mean by roaming?

The station has to move from one access point to another to provide
uninterrupted service.

Moving between access points is called roqming.

14. What is meant by HIPERLAN?

 Hiperlan stands for high performance local area network.

 Hiperlan1 should operate at 5.1-5.3 GHz with a range of 50m
in buildings at 1W transmit power.

15. Define EY-NPMA. // (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

 Elimination Yield non-preemptive priority multiple access(EY-
NPMA) is the heart of the channel access providing priorities and different
access schemes.

16. What are the three phases of EY-NPMA?

25. prioritization
26. contention
27. transmission

17. What are the services provided by WATM?

0. office environments
1. universities,schools,training centers
2. industry
3. hospitals
4. home

18. What are the different mobile quality of services?

5. Wired QoS
6. Wireless QoS
7. Handover Qos

19. Mention the two modes of Hiperlan2.

8. Centralized mode(CM)
9. Direct mode(DM)

20. What is Bluetooth? // (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Bluetooth technology, so-called piconets,which are LAN with a very

limited coverage and without the need for an infrastructure.

21. What is piconet?

Piconet is a collection of bluetooth devices which are synchronized to

same hopping sequence.
22. Mention the core protocols of bluetooth.

28. Radio
29. Baseband
30. Link manager protocol
31. Logical link control and adaptation protocol
32. Service discovery protocol

23. What are the functions of LMP(Link Manager Protocol)?

// (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

0. Authentication,pairing and encryption

1. Synchronization
2. Capability negotiation
3. QoS negotiation
4. Power control
5. Link supervision

24. What are the three low power states of bluetooth?

6. sniff state
7. Hold state
8. Park state

25. Mention the security features of LMP.

33. challenge response routine for authentication

34. a stream cipher for encryption
35. a session key generation
16 MARK QUESTIONS:
1.Explain about IEEE 802.11 system architecture.

// (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 227-230.

2.Write3 briefly about the layers of IEEE 802.11 protocol architecture.

// (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no: 230-244.

3.Discuss about MAC management of IEEE 802.11.

Page no: 245-251.

4.Briefly explain the standard of IEEE 802.11b.

Page no: 251-253.

5.What is the use of IEEE 802.11a?Explain it in detail.

// (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no: 254-257.

6.Explain the different phases of HIPERLAN.

Page no: 260-264.

7.Write briefly about HIPERLAN2 architecture.

 Page no: 277-289.

8.Define Bluetooth.Explain its architecture.

// (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 289-296.

9.What is LMP?Discuss in detail.

Page no: 302-305.

10.Write notes on

0. L2CAP
1. SDP

Page no: 305-306,309-310.

TEXT BOOK: “ MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS”

AUTHOR : JOCHEN SCHILLER

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

THALAVAPALAYAM, KARUR.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT : MOBILE COMPUTING YEAR/SEM : IV / VII

SUB.CODE : IT 1402 UNIT NO : II

2 MARK QUESTIONS:

1.Explain Asymmetrical communication system.

Asymmetrical communication systems are unidirectional broadcast systems where

typically high bandwidth data stream exists from one sender to many receivers. The
sender can optimize transmitted data for the whole group of receivers and not for an
individual user.
2. What is Equipment identity register?

It is a database that stores all device identifications registered for mobile network.

3.List out the three different broadcast patterns.

Flat disk

Skewed disk

Multi disk

4. Explain about Flat disk.

Using a flat disk, all blocks are repeated one after another. Every block is transmitted
for an equal amount of time, the average waiting time for receiving a block is the
same for A, B and C.

5. List the three different categories of services of GSM.

// AU NOV-DEC 2007

36. Radio subsystem

37. Network and switching subsystem
38. Operation subsystem

6. Define: Multi disks

Distribute blocks that are repeated more often than others evenly over the cyclic
pattern. This minimizes the delay if a user wants to access, e.g., block A.

7.What are the functions of core network? // AU NOV-DEC 2005

1)Inter system handover

2)gateways to other network

3)perform location management

8. Define: Main service channel.

The MSC carries all user data, e.g. audio, multimedia data. The MSC consists of
common interleaved frame (CIF), i.e., data fields of 55,296 bits that are sent ever
24ms. This results in data rate of 2.304Mbit/s. A CIF consist of capacity units (CU)
with a size of 64bits, which form the smallest addressable unit within a DAB system.

9.State the different types of transport modes and channels used to carry packets
in DAB. // AU APR/MAY 2008

39. Stream mode

40. Packet mode

10. What are two different mode of transport defined for the MSC?

The stream mode offers a transparent data transmission form the source to the
destination with a fixed bit rate in a sub channel.

A sub channel is a part of the MSC and comprises several CUs within a CIF. The
fixed data rate can be multiple of 8kbit/s.

11. What is BTS?

A BTS comprises all radio equpment,i.e., antennas, signal processing, amplifiers

necessary for radio transmission. A BTS can form a radio cell or using sectorized
antennas, several cells and is connected to MS via the Um interface and to the BSC
via the abis interface.

12. What kind of information a PAD posses in it?

Packet associated data can contain program information, control information, still
pictures for display LCD, title display etc.

13. What are the main components of mobile satellite architecture?

In mobile satellite architecture it is having, Home Location Register, visitor

location register, satellite control center, network control center, business
management center.

14. What are the function of network control station?

NCS manages traffic flow, broadcasts network information, manages call setup/de
assignment and radio resources.

15.What are the function of home location register and visitor location register?

Satellite control center manages and controls the satellite performance.

Business management center is responsible for billing and other business function.
16. Mention the function of Content generators and Content Encoding?

Content generators: These are services/applications on server that produces standard

content formats in response to the requests from user agent’s side.

Content Encoding: it allows WAE user agent to navigate the web content.

17.What are the advantages of MEO? // AU NOV-DEC 2007

o It can provide global coverage.

o Lower path loss than GEO.
o Medium propagation delay.
o It can offer efficient use of spectrum.

18.What are the disadvantages of MEO?

Large number of satellites necessary

Receive signal strength is variable due to variability in range and elevation angle.

19.What are the disadvantages of LEO?

o Large number of satellite necessary

o Signal strength is variable due to variability in range and elevation angle.
o Doppler effects highest
o Very large no of eclipses with a large no of charge/discharge cycles.

20. Write short notes about altitude.

The altitude determines the area covered by a satellite. Higher altitude satellite
covers a larger region.

21. Explain about physical layer in protocol architecture.

Physical layer comprises all functions for modulation and demodulation, incoming
signal detection and sender/receiver synchronization and collection of status
information for management plane.

22. What is packet mode transfer? // AU NOV-DEC 2005

The packet mode transfers data in addressable blocks. These blocks are used to
convey MSC data within a sub channel.
23. Define common control channel.

All information regarding connection setup between MS and BS is exchanged via the
CCH, for the calls towards an MS. If an MS wants to set up a call, it uses the random
access channel to send data to the BTS.

24. What is UTRAN?

The UTRA network handles cell level mobility and comprises several radio network
subsystems. The UTRAN is connected to the radio interface Uu via Iu interface,
UTRAN communicates with the core network.

25. What is GPRS?

The general packet radio service provides packet mode transfer for applications that
exhibit traffic patterns such as frequent transmission of small volumes or infrequent
transmissions of small and medium volumes according to requirement specification.

26. What are the general problems of satellite signals traveling from a satellite to
a receiver?
Geometric Dilution Of Precision (GDOP)

Multipath

Atmospheric Errors: Ionosphere and Troposphere

Satellite Orbit Error

Receiver Clock, satellite clock errors

Receiver Errors

Needs highest transmitting power

Needs larger antennas

Low transmission quality

27. Diffrentiate symmetrical and a symmetrical communication system?

The difference between asymmetrical and symmetrical communication is

asymmetrical communication is In telecommunications, the term asymmetric (also
asymmetrical or non-symmetrical) refers to any system in which the data speed or
quantity differs in one direction as compared with the other direction, averaged over
time. Asymmetrical data flow can, in some instances, make more efficient use of the
available infrastructure than symmetrical data flow, in which the speed or quantity of
data is the same in both directions, averaged over time
While symmetrical communication is In telecommunications, the term symmetric
(also symmetrical) refers to any system in which data speed or quantity is the same in
both directions, averaged over time. Examples include two-way radio, standard
twisted-pair telephone Internet connections, cable modem Internet connections in
which the cable is used for transmission as well as for reception, and full-motion
videoconferencing.

POSSIBLE 16 MARK QUESTIONS:

1.Discuss the protocol architecture of GSM telecommunication

system.

// (AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no:130-133.

2.Discuss briefly the GPRS system. //(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 144-150.

3.Discuss the system structure of GSM in detail. // (AU APR/MAY 2008)

Page no: 120-125.

4. Describe in detail DVB.

Page no: 211-216.

5.Explain in detail about GSM Handover and Security.

Page no: 137-142.

6.Give brief explanation about DECT system and protocol architecture.

// (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no:150-154.

7.Write notes on UMTS architecture and its releases and standardization.

Page no:161-163.

8. Explain about GEO,LEO and MEO.

Page no:173-175.
9. Explain about DAB. // (AU APR-MAY 2008)

Page no:211-216.

10. Write briefly about satellite system. // (AU NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no:169-173.

11.Explain the functional architecture of a GSM system?//(AU NOV/DEC 2008)

Page no:116

12.Discuss about digital video broadcasting?//(AU NOV/DEC 2008)

Page no:211

TEXT BOOK: MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

AUTHOR NAME: JOCHEN SCHILLER

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

THALAVAPALAYAM,KARUR.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT :MOBILE COMPUTING YEAR/SEM:IV / VII

SUB.CODE :IT 1402 UNIT NO :V

2 MARK QUESTIONS:

1.List out the mechanism used in Traditional TCP.

1) Congestion control

2) Slow start
 3) Fast retransmit / Fast recovery.

2. Define slow start.

TCP’s reaction to a missing acknowledgement in quite drastic, but it is necessary to

get rid of congestion quickly. The behavior TCP shows after the detection of
congestion is called slow start.

3. Why the TCP protocols used in wired networks cannot be as such used in
wireless

networks? //(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

TCP has built-in mechanisms to behave in a network friendly manner. If TCP

encounters packet loss,it assumes network internal congestion and slows down the
transmission rate.

4. How does reduction of congestion threshold lead by fast retransmit?

Receiving acknowledgements from a receiver also shows that the receiver

continuously receives something from the sender. The gap in packet stream is due to
transmission error. The sender can now retransmit the missing packets before the
timer expires. This behavior is called fast retransmit.

5. Under what circumstance the sender will perform fast recovery?

The receipt of acknowledgments shows that there is no congestion to justify a slow

start. The sender can continue with the current congestion window. The sender
performs a fast recovery from packet loss. This mechanism can improve the
efficiency of TCP dramatically.

6. Mention the functions of proxy in Indirect TCP.

 The foreign agent act as proxy and relays all data in both directions.

 If the correspondent host sends a packet, the foreign agent acknowledges

this packet and tries to forward the packet to the mobile host.

 If the mobile host acknowledges the packet this acknowledgement is only

use by foreign agent.

 If a host packet is lost, the foreign agent tries to retransmit this packet
locally to maintain reliable data transport.

7. Give any two advantages of ITCP. //(AU NOV-DEC 2005)

 Due to strict partitioning into two connections, transmission errors
on the wireless line, i.e., lost packets, cannot propagate into the fixed
network.

 The foreign agent now act as gateway to translate between the

different protocols.

8.What is the protocol used in security layer?

The Wireless Transport Layer Security Protocol is used and it offers

service at security service access point.

9.What are responsibilities of foreign agent in snooping TCP?

The foreign agent buffers all packets with destination mobile host and
additionally ‘snoops’ the packet flow in both directions to recognize
ACK. The reason is to enable local retransmission in case of packet
loss on the wireless link.

10. Write about Snooping TCP.

The main function of the enhancement is to buffer data close to the

mobile host to perform fast local retransmission in case of packet loss.

11. Mention the advantages of Mobile TCP.

It maintains the TCP end-to-end Semantics. The SH does not send any
ACK itself but forwards the ACKs from the MH.

If the MH is disconnected, it avoids useless retransmissions, slow starts

or breaking connections by simply shrinking the sender’s window to 0.

Since it does not buffer data in the SH as I-TCP does, it is not

necessary to forward buffers to a new SH. Lost packets will be
automatically retransmitted to the new SH.

12.Why we need to go for selective retransmission?

TCP acknowledgements are cumulative, i.e., they acknowledge in

order receipt of packets up to a certain packet. If a single packet is lost,
the sender has to retransmit everything starting from the lost packet
(go-back-n). This obviously wastes BW, no just in the case of mobile
network, but for any network.

13. Define WAP. //(AU APR-MAY 2008)

The main objectives of this WAP forum was,

 To bring diverse Internet contents like web pages, push
services etc.

 To provide other data services like stock quotes to mobile

terminals and digital cellular phone units.

 To provide better protocol suite to support world wide

wireless communication, the Internet applications.

 To support wireless networks like CDPD, GSM, UMTS etc.

14. What are the requirements of WAP forum?

 Scalable

 Interoperable

 Efficient

 Reliable

 Secure

15. What is the purpose of user agent in WAE?

It is a software that provides functionality like display

contents to end-user and executes in users wireless
component (device).

16. Mention the function of Content generators and

Content Encoding?

Content generators: These are services/applications on

server that produces standard content formats in
response to the requests from user agent’s side.

Content Encoding: it allows WAE user agent to

navigate the web content.

17. List out the services provided by Wireless

Session Protocol.

 The content push facility from server to client.

  It establishes reliable sessions from server to
client and releases it in proper order.

 Exchanging content between server and client

with compact encoding.

18.Define WSP.

Wireless session Protocol acting as client makes

requests to WSP acting as server. This request in
accompanied with four parameters. They are,

1.Server Address 2.Client address 3.request capability

4.Client headers.

19.What is the architectural goal of WAP forum?

* Enable the personalization and customization of the

device, the content delivered to it, and the presentation
of the content.

* Provide secure access to local handset functionality.

* It facilitates network-operator and third party service

provisioning.

20. Define WIM.

The Wireless Identity Module contains the identity of

the device and the cryptographic means to mutually
authenticate WAP devices and servers.

21.What is EFI?

External Functionality Interface allows applications to

discover what external services/functions are available
on the device.

22.List out some of the general security services?

Privacy: to ensure communication is private

Authentication: to establish the authenticity of the

communication parties.

Integrity: to ensure that communication is unchanged

and corrupted.
23.What are the 3 factors of Specific security
services?

Identity: it can store process information needed for

user identification and authentication.

PKI: it enables the use and management of public-key

and cryptography.

Secure Bearer: provide bearer level security.

24.What is Push -OTA? //(AU NOV-DEC

2007)

The Push-OTA (Over The Air) session service provides

for network- initiated transactions to be delivered to
wireless devices that are able to receive data.

25.List out the four different services in protocol

framework.

1) Session Services

2) Transfer Services

3) Transport Services

4) Bearer Services.
16 MARK QUESTIONS:

1.Mention the mechanisms of the Transmission

Control Protocol.

Page no:372-374.

2.Explain in detail about Indirect TCP. //(AU

NOV-DEC 2005)

Page no: 375-378.

3.Discuss in detail about the classical indirect TCP

and snooping TCP.

//(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no: 375-380.

4. Give short notes on

a) Transaction orientated TCP.

b) Fast retransmit / Fast recovery.

c) Transmission and time-out freezing.

d) Selective retransmission.

Page no: 382-386.

5.Explain in detail about Mobile TCP and its merits

and demerits

Page no: 380-382.

6.Give brief explanation about WAP architecture.

//(AU NOV-DEC 2007)

Page no:412-416.

7.Write notes on WDP and WSP.

Page no:416-417,424-425.

8. Define Wireless Application Protocol with its

version 2.0 and explain.

//(AU APR-MAY 2008)

Page no:454-457.

9.Explain briefly about WAE.

Page no:432-434.

10.Discuss about the functions of WTA.

Page no:439-446.

TEXT BOOK : MOBILE

COMMUNICATIONS

AUTHOR NAME : JOCHEN SCHILLER