EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CE 543
MATRIX STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

ARJANE C. LACAMBRA, RCE

 EVSU CORE
EVSU VISION VALUES
E – Excellence
A leading State University in V – Value-laden
promoting Technological and S – Service-driven
Professional Education U – Unity in Diversity

EVSU MISSION
Develop a Strong Technologically and Professionally Competent Productive
Human Resource Imbued with Positive Values Needed to Propel
Sustainable Development
 GRADING SYSTEM
Mid Term Examination . . . 30%
Final Term Examination . . . 30%
Quizzes/Board Work . . . 20%
Seat Work/Recitation /HW . . . 5%
Culminating Activity . . . 15%
TOTAL 100%
 TOPICS INCLUDED IN CE 543
I. Review of Matrix Algebra
II. Matrix Structural Analysis Formulations
III. Global and Local Coordinate System
IV. Nodes and Degrees of Freedom
V. Static and Kinematic Indeterminacy
VI. Steps involves in Matrix Structural Analysis (Stiffness Method)
VII. Stiffness Definition
VIII. Stiffness Matrix for a Horizontal Truss Member or Bar Element
IX. Structures with Non-Nodal Forces
 TOPICS INCLUDED IN CE 543
X. Analysis of Trusses
a. Transformation Matrix and Global Stiffness Matrix of a Truss (or Bar Element)
Arbitrarily Oriented in a Plane
b. Stiffness Notations for a Truss Bar Element Oriented Arbitrarily in Three-Dimensional
Space
XI. Analysis of Two Dimensional Beams and Frames
a. Beam Element Stiffness Matrix
b. Beam Element with Non-Nodal Loads
c. Two-Dimensional Frame Element Stiffness Matrix
d. Transformation Matrix and Global Stiffness Matrix for Two Dimensional Frame
Element
 TOPICS INCLUDED IN CE 543

XII. Torsional Bar Element

XIII. Analysis of Grids
XIV. Analysis of Three-Dimensional Frames
a. Space Frame Elemental Stiffness Matrix
b. Transformation and Global Stiffness Matrix
c. Miscellaneous . . .
REVIEW OF MATRIX
ALGEBRA
1. Fundamental Definitions
2. Basic Operations
3. Transpose of a Matrix
4. Special Matrices
5. Determinant of a Matrix
6. Matrix Partitioning
7. Solution of Systems of Linear Equations
MATRIX DEFINITION
MATRIXDefinition

• a rectangular array of numbers or functions which we will enclose in

brackets.

Entry/element

0.3 1 -5 Column

0 -0.2 16 Row

A matrix of two (2) rows and three (3) columns

MATRIXDefinition

• a rectangular array of numbers or functions which we will enclose in

brackets.
Component
Index
a11 a12 a13
a11 a12 a13 Number of Column
a21 a22 a23 a11 Row Vector
a31 a32 a33 Number of Row a21
Vector
a31
Square Matrix
Column Vector
MATRIXDefinition

• a rectangular array of numbers or functions which we will enclose in

brackets.

a11 a12 . . . a1n

a21 a22 . . . a2n
A = ajk = ... .
. .
am1 am2 . . .amn
MATRIXDefinition

• a rectangular array of numbers or functions which we will enclose in

brackets.

Main Diagonal

a11 a12 a13

A = a21 a22 a23 Thus:
The main diagonal of matrix A is
a31 a32 a33 a11,a22,a33.

Square Matrix
EQUALITY OF
MATRICES
Two matrices A = ajkand B = bjk equal, written if and
are
only if they have the same size and the corresponding
entries are equal, that is, and so on.

4 0 1 1 0 4
A= 3 2 5 B= 2 5 3
5 6 8 8 5 6
MATRIX ADDITION
ADDITION OF
MATRICES
The sum of two matrices A = ajk B =
and ofbthe
jk same size
is written A + B and has the entries ajk +obtained
bjk by
adding the corresponding entries of A and B.

Example:
4 0 1 1 0 4
A= 3 2 5 B= 2 5 3
5 6 8 8 5 6

A+B=?
RULES FOR MATRIX
ADDITION

a) A+B=B+A

b) (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)

c) A+0=A

d) A + (-A) = 0
SCALAR MULTIPLICATION
SCALAR
MULTIPLICATION
The product of any m x n matrix A = ajk any scalar c
and
(number c) is written cA and is the m x n matrix cA = cajk
obtained by multiplying each entry of A by c.

Example:
4 0 1
A= 3 2 5
5 6 8

5A = ?
RULES FOR SCALAR
MULTIPLICATION

a) c(A+ B) = cA + cB

b) (c + k)A = cA + kA

c) c(kA) = (ck)A

d) 1A = A
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
MATRIX
MULTIPLICATION
The product C = AB (in this order) of an m X n matrix A = ajk
times an r X p matrix B = bjkis defined if and only if r = n and
is then the m X p matrix C = cwith
jk entries:

where:
j = 1, . . . , m
k = 1, . . . , p

A B = C
mxn nxp = mxp
 MATRIX
MULTIPLICATION

The entry cjkis obtained by multiplying each entry in the jth row of A by
the corresponding entry in the kth column of B and then adding these n
products.

a11 a12 a13 b11 b12 c11 c12

=
a21 a22 a23 b21 b22 c21 c22
a31 a32 a33 b31 b32 c31 c32
a41 a42 a43 c41 c42
4x3 3x2 4x2

c21 = a21b11 + a22b21 + a23b31

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

Example:

3 5 -1 2 -2 3 1 22 -2 43 42
AB = 4 0 2 5 0 7 8 = 26 -16 14 6
-6 -3 2 9 -4 1 1 -9 -4 -37 -28
PRODUCT IN TERMS OF ROW AND
COLUMN VECTORS
 PRODUCT IN TERMS OF ROW AND
COLUMN VECTORS

If is A= ajk is of size 3 x 3 and B = bjkis of size 3 x 4, then:

a1b1 a1b2 a1b3 a1b4 Where:

a1 = a11 a12 a13

AB = a2b1 a2b2 a2b3 a2b4

a3b1 a3b2 a3b3 a3b4 b1 = b11

b21
b31
PRODUCT IN TERMS OF ROW AND COLUMN
VECTORS

Example:
b1 b2 b3 b4
a1 3 5 -1 2 -2 3 1 22 -2 43 42
a2 4 0 2 5 0 7 8 26 -16 14 6
AB = =
a3 -6 -3 2 9 -4 1 1 -9 -4 -37 -28
TRANSPOSE OF A PRODUCT
TRANSPOSITION OF MATRICES AND
VECTORS
The transpose of an m x n matrix A = isajkthe n x m matrix AT
that has the first row of A as its first column, the second row of A as its
second column, and so on. Thus the transpose of A is AT = akj

a11 a12 . . . a1n a11 a21 . . . am1

a21 a22 . . . a2n a12 a22 . . . am2
A = ajk = ... . AT = akj = ... .
. . . .
am1 am2 . . .amn a1n a2n . . .amn
RULES FOR TRANSPOSITION

a) (AT)T = A

b) (A + B)T = AT + BT

c) (cA)T = cAT

d) (AB)T = BT AT
 TRANSPOSE OF A
PRODUCT
• (AB)T = BT
a11 a12 . . . a1j . . . a1n
AT
b11 b12 . . . b1j . . . b1m
a21 a22 . . . a2j . . . a2n b21 b22 . . . b2j . . . b2m
A= ai1 ai2 . . . aij . . . ain B= bi1 bi2 . . . bij . . . bim
mxn nxm
am1 am2 . . . amj . . . amn bn1 bn2 . . . bnj . . . bnm

b11 b21 . . . bi1 . . . bn1 a11 a21 . . . ai1 . . . am1

T
b12 b22 . . . bi2 . . . bn2 a12 a22 . . . ai2 . . . am2
B = T
b1j b2j . . . bij . . . bnj
A =
a1j a2j . . . aij . . . amj
mxn nxm
b1m b2m . . . bim . . . bnm a1n a2n . . . ain . . . amn
 TRANSPOSE OF A
PRODUCT
• (AB)T = BT
AT
C = AB 1 D = B T AT 2
mxm mxm

c11 c21 . . . . . . . b1n d11 d21 . . . . . . . d1n

c12 c22 . . . . .... d12 d22 . . . . ....
C= D=
. . . . . cij . . . . . dji .... ....
. . . . . . . . . bmn . . .... . . . dmn

cij = ai1 b1j + ai2 b2j + . . . + ain bnj dji = ai1 b1j + ai2 b2j + . . . + ain bnj
 TRANSPOSE OF A
PRODUCT
• (AB)T = BT
AT
cij = dji TRUE for ALL entries Thus:

3 CT = D or C = DT

Since:

1 C = AB and D = B T AT 2

By substitution, we conclude:

(AB)T =BT AT
SPECIAL MATRICES
 SPECIAL MATRICES
1. ZERO MATRIX - each entry is zero
Example:
0 0 0 0 0
02x3 = 02x2 =
0 0 0 0 0

2. DIAGONAL MATRIX - a square matrix in which the non-zero entries

appear only on the main diagonal
Example:
1 0 0
1 0
D3 = 0 4 0 D2 = 0 4
0 0 6
 SPECIAL MATRICES
3. IDENTITY MATRIX - a diagonal matrix by which all entries of the
diagonal is equal to 1, denoted by In
Example:

1 0 0 1 0
I3 = 0 1 0 I2 =
0 0 1 0 1

In A = A
1 0 0 3 5 -1 3 5 -1
In A= 0 1 0 4 0 2 = 4 0 2
0 0 1 -6 -3 2 -6 -3 2
 SPECIAL MATRICES

4. TRIANGULAR MATRIX - a square matrix by which non-zero entries

form a triangular shape

Example:

Upper Triangular Matrix Lower Triangular Matrix

1 8 9 1 0 0
A= 0 4 -1 B= 8 4 0
0 0 7 9 -1 7
 SPECIAL MATRICES

5. SYMMETRIC MATRIX - a square matrix which is equal to its

transpose form, A = AT

Example:

1 7 3 1 7 3
A= 7 4 -5 AT = 7 4 -5
3 -5 6 3 -5 6
 SPECIAL MATRICES

6. SKEW SYMMETRIC MATRIX - a matrix which is equal to the

negative of its transpose, A = -AT

Example:

0 2 -1 0 -2 1
A= -2 0 -4 AT = 2 0 4
1 4 0 -1 -4 0

0 2 -1
-AT = -2 0 -4
1 4 0
DETERMINANTS OF A MATRIX
 DETERMINANTS

DETERMINANT - The determinant of a square n × n matrix A is denoted

by det A or |A|. If we take a determinant and delete row i and column j then
the determinant remaining is called the minor Mij of the i, jth element. In
general we can take any row i (or column) and evaluate an n × n
determinant |A| as:
 DETERMINANTS

•
 DETERMINAN
TS
Example:

Find the determinant using the first row.

1 3 0 + - +
6 4 2 4 2 6
= 2 6 4 = - + - = 1 0 2 - 3 -1 2 +0 -1 0
-1 0 2 + - +

= 1(12 - 0) - 3(4 + 4) + 0(0 + 6) = -12

 DETERMINAN
TS
Example:

Find the determinant using the last column.

1 3 0 + - +
2 6 1 3 1 3
= 2 6 4 = - + - = 0 -1 0 - 4 -1 0 +2 2 6
-1 0 2 + - +

= 0(2 + 6) - 4(0 + 3) + 2(6 - 6) = -12

SOME PROPERTIES OF
DETERMINANTS
•
 ADJOINTS AND INVERSE MATRIX

ADJOINT OF A MATRIX - The adjoint of a square matrix A is the

transpose of the matrix of cofactors, so for a 3 × 3 matrix A

A11 A12 A13

A21 A22 A23
A31 A32 A33
 ADJOINTS AND INVERSE MATRIX

Example:

Find the adjoint of matrix A.

Solution:
0 2 -1
-2 0 -4 0 -4
1 4 0 = (0 – (-16)) = 16
4 0

-2 -4
+ - + = -(0 – (-4)) = -4
1 0
- + -
+ - + -2 0
= (-8 – (0)) = -8
1 4
 ADJOINTS AND INVERSE MATRIX

Example:

Find the adjoint of matrix A.

Solution:
0 2 -1
-2 0 -4 2 -1
1 4 0 = -(0 – (-4)) = -4
4 0

0 -1
+ - + = (0 – (-1)) =1
1 0
- + -
+ - + 0 2
= -(0 – (2)) =2
1 4
 ADJOINTS AND INVERSE MATRIX

Example:

Find the adjoint of matrix A.

Solution:
0 2 -1
-2 0 -4 2 -1
1 4 0 = (-8 – (0)) = -8
0 -4

0 -1
+ - + = -(0 – (2)) =2
-2 -4
- + -
+ - + 0 2
= (0 – (-4)) =4
-2 0
 ADJOINTS AND INVERSE MATRIX

Example:

Find the adjoint of matrix A.

16 -4 -8
-4 1 2
-8 2 4

16 -4 -8
-4 1 2 answer

-8 2 4
PROPERTIES OF ADJOINTS AND INVERSE MATRIX
•
To be
continued…
MATRIX PARTITIONING
SOLUTION OF SYSTEMS OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS
 Linear System | Definition

A linear system of m equations in n unknowns is a set of x1 , . . . , xn

equations of the form:

a11 x1 + . . . + a1nxn = b1

a21 x1 + . . . + a2nxn = b2

............ .......

am1 x1 + . . . + amnxn = bm
SEAT WORK
 Seat Work No. 01

Direction: Kindly get ONE WHOLE piece of yellow paper. Answer the
following exercises.
Find the following:
MATRIX OPERATIONS
0 2 4 0 5 2
A= 6 5 5 B= 5 3 4
1 0 -3 -2 4 -2
 Seat Work No. 01

Answer:
0 7 6 -15 6 -10
•A+B= 11 8 9 • adj A = 23 -4 24
-1 4 -5 -5 2 -12

2 22 0 -22 8 14
• AB = 15 65 22 • adj B = 2 4 10
6 -7 8 26 -10 -25

2 15 6
• det A = 62
22 65 -7
• det B = 26 0 22 8
 Assignment No. 01

Direction: Write your assignment on your assignment notebook. ALWAYS copy

the problem first.
 Assignment No. 01

Direction: Write your assignment on your assignment notebook. ALWAYS copy

the problem first.

11. 12.

13. 14.

15. 16.

17. 18.