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What Is Limiting Excess Reactant

The document discusses limiting reagents and excess reactants in chemical reactions. It provides examples of calculating the limiting reagent and percentage yield when reactions are given. The examples show determining the limiting reagent when given amounts of reactants, calculating the theoretical yield, and finding the percentage yield based on the actual amount of product obtained.

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jaeyoon shimibibi
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45 views

What Is Limiting Excess Reactant

The document discusses limiting reagents and excess reactants in chemical reactions. It provides examples of calculating the limiting reagent and percentage yield when reactions are given. The examples show determining the limiting reagent when given amounts of reactants, calculating the theoretical yield, and finding the percentage yield based on the actual amount of product obtained.

Uploaded by

jaeyoon shimibibi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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J.J.

Thompson
LIMITING REACTANT
• the reactant used up first in a reaction
• the maximumamount of product formed depends on
how much of this reactant was originally present

EXCESS REACTANT
• reactants present in quantities greater than necessary
to react with the quantity of the limiting reagent
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the
equation
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
If 0.05 mole of zinc was added to 0.075 mole of hydrochloric acid, which is
the limiting reagent?
Ans: HCl is limiting.
How many moles of ZnCl2 is formed?
Ans: 0.038 mol ZnCl2
J.J. Thompson
CHEMICAL FORMULA FROM
COMBUSTION DATA
• Organic compounds are flammable.

• Chemical formulas of organic compounds can be


obtained from amount of CO2 and H2O formed
from burning the compound.
CHEMICAL FORMULA FROM
COMBUSTION DATA
1. Calculate the mass of carbon and hydrogen.
2. Compute for the mass of oxygen.
3. Find the percent composition of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen.
4. 3 steps in calculating the empirical formula.
EXAMPLE 3.18 PAGE 60
0.50 g of an organic compound
containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
gives 0.6875 g of carbon dioxide and
0.5625 g of water on combustion.
Find the empirical formula of the
compound.
EXAMPLE 3.18 PAGE 60
Answer:
CH4O
- Methanol
CHECKPOINT 3.4 NO.4
An organic compound with relative
molecular mass of 46, contains only carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen.

When 1.38 g of the organic compound is


burnt in excess oxygen, 2.64 g of CO2 and
1.62 g of H2O are produced. Find the
molecular formula.
J.J. Thompson
After this lesson, you should be able to:
 Explain the concept of limiting reagent in
a chemical reaction

 Calculate percentage yield when a limiting


reagent is present.
 the reactant used up first in a
reaction
 determines the amount of product
formed in the reaction
 some amount remaining unreacted
after the other reactant has been
used up completely
EXAMPLE 3.27 (P.73)
Ammonia gas reacts with heated copper (II)
oxide to form copper, water and nitrogen gas.

2NH3 + 3CuO → 3Cu + 3H2O + N2

a. Determine the limiting reagent if 20.0 g of


ammonia reacted with 85.0 g of copper (II)
oxide.
EXAMPLE 3.27 (P.73)

2NH3 + 3CuO → 3Cu + 3H2O + N2

b. What is the percentage yield if 65.8 g of


copper is produced? (Relative atomic mass: H:1,
N:24 , O:16, Cu:63.5)
J.J. Thompson
 calculated amount of product that
would be obtained if the reaction is
completed

 actual amount of pure product


obtained
EXAMPLE 3.27 (P.73)

2NH3 + 3CuO → 3Cu + 3H2O + N2

b. What is the percentage yield if 65.8 g of


copper is produced? (Relative atomic mass: H:1,
N:24 , O:16, Cu:63.5)
EXAMPLE 3.26 (P.72)

Urea, CO(NH2)2 is used as a fertilizer. The raw


materials for making urea are NH3 and CO2.

2NH3 + CO2 → CO(NH2)2 + H2O

When 1.0 mole of NH3 reacts with excess CO2,


25.6 g of urea are produced. What is the percentage
yield in this reaction?
1.Titanium is a strong, lightweight, corrosion-
resistant metal.

Medical use of titanium. Successful


use in joint replacement implants.
1.Titanium is a strong, lightweight, corrosion-
resistant metal. It is prepared by the reaction
of titanium (IV) chloride with molten
magnesium between 950℃ and 150℃:

TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl2


TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl2

a. Determine the limiting reactant if 3.45x107


g of TiCl4 reacted with 1.13x107 g of Mg.

b. Calculate the percentage yield if 7.91x106 g


of Ti are actually obtained.
2. Industrially, vanadium metal, which is used in
steel alloys, can be obtained by reacting
vanadium (V) oxide with calcium:

5Ca + V2O5 → 5CaO + 2V


5Ca + V2O5 → 5CaO + 2V

a. In one process, 1.54x103g of V2O5 react with


1.96x103 g of Ca. Determine the limiting
reactant.

b. Calculate the percentage yield if 803 g of V


are obtained.

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