Question Bank

Department of Mathematics
Janki Devi Memorial College (University of Delhi)

B.Sc. (Hons.) Mathematics

Paper: C3 Real Analysis (Semester II, CBCS)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Infimum of the set (0,∞)
(a) is a non-negative number.
(b) is a positive number.
(c) does not exist.
(d) none of these.
2. Which of the following is not true for a set in R?
(a) A set may not have an infimum in R.
(b) Infimum of a set may not belong to the set.
(c) Infimum and supremum of a set may be equal.
(d) Supremum of a bounded below set always exists in R.
3. Which algebraic property is not true for the set of real numbers R?
(a) For all a ≠ 0, b ∈ R such that a.b = 1 implies b = 1/ a.
(b) a. (1/ a) = 1 for all a ≠ 0.
(c) √a2 = a for all a ∈ 𝐑.
(d) If a.b > 0 then either a > 0 and b > 0 or a < 0 and b < 0.
4. Which of the following is true for a bounded below subset S of the set of real number
R?
(a) Sup (cS) = c Sup (S) for c ∈ 𝐑.
(b) – Inf (S) = Sup (–S).
(c) a ∈ S such that a2 > 0 implies a > 0.
(d) none of these.
1 1
5. For ϵ = , the least natural number n such that terms of the sequence ( ) ∈ ϵ –
8 n
neighbourhood of 0 is
(a) 9
(b) 8
(c) ∞
 (d) none of these.
6. Which of the following is not true for the following sequences?
n
(a) limn→∞ ( ) = 0.
n2 +1
2n
(b) limn→∞ ( ) = 2.
n+1
n2
(c) limn→∞ ( ) = 0.
n!

(d) limn→∞ ( √n2 + 1 − n) does not exist.

7. Which of the following sequences is convergent?
(a) (n)
(b) ((−1)n )
sin n
(c) ( )
n
(d) none of these.
8. Which of the following is true?
(a) Every decreasing sequence of real number is convergent.
(b) Every monotone sequence is convergent.
(c) Constant sequence is not convergent.
1
(d) ( ) is convergent.
√n
43n
9. Let an = . Then the sequence (an )
34n

(a) is unbounded.
(b) is bounded but not convergent.
(c) converges to 0.
(d) converges to 1.

10. Sup  n 1  n  and Inf  n 1  n  are

(a) √2 + 1 and 0 respectively.
1
(b) and 0 respectively.
√2+1

(c) both equal to 0.

1
(d) both equal to .
√2+1

11. Which of the following sets is countable?

(a) The set [0,1].
(b) The set 𝐑 of all real numbers.
(c) The set 𝐐 of all rational numbers.
(d) None of these.
 nπ
sin( )
2
12. The sequence ( )
n

(a) is convergent.
(b) is divergent.
(c) is convergent to 0.
(d) is convergent to 1.
13. If the sequence is convergent then
(a) it has two limits.
(b) it is bounded.
(c) it is bounded above but may not be bounded below.
(d) it is bounded below but may not be bounded above.
14. If the sequence is increasing, then it
(a) converges to its supremum.
(b) diverges.
(c) may converge to its supremum.
(d) is bounded.
1 1
15. If S = { − ∶ n, m ∈ 𝐍} where 𝐍 is the set of natural number. Then infimum and
n m
supremum of S respectively are
(a) -1 and 1.
(b) 0 and 1.
(c) 0 and 0.
(d) cannot be determined.
16. Which of the following is not true?
(a) The set [0,1] is a finite set.
(b) The set 𝐑 of all real numbers is uncountable.
(c) The set 𝐐 of all rational numbers is countable.
(d) None of these.
17. Which of the following series converges?
(a) ∑∞
n=1 1.

(b) ∑∞
n=1(−1)
n+1
.
1
(c) ∑∞ n
n=1(−1) ( ). n
1
(d) ∑∞
n=1 ( ).
n

18. Which of the following is true?

1
(a) ∑∞ n
n=1(−1) ( ) is not conditionally convergent.
2n−1
 (b) ∑∞ n −n
n=1(−1) e is absolutely convergent.
cos nπ
(c) ∑∞ n
n=1(−1) ( ) is convergent.
n
1 1
(d) ∑∞
n=1 ( − ) is not convergent.
√n √n+1

19. If 𝐒 and 𝐓 are two subsets of the set of real numbers 𝐑 such that 𝐒 ⊆ 𝐓 then
(a) inf 𝐓 ≤ inf 𝐒.
(b) inf 𝐓 ≥ inf 𝐒.
(c) sup 𝐓 ≤ sup 𝐒.
(d) none of these.
20. Let 𝐒 be a nonempty set, and let f and g be defined on S and have bounded ranges in
the set of real numbers R. Then
(a) sup { f(x) + g(x) : x ∈ 𝐒} ≥ sup{ f(x) : x ∈ 𝐒} + sup{ g(x) : x ∈ 𝐒}.
(b) inf { f(x) + g(x) : x ∈ 𝐒} ≥ inf { f(x) : x ∈ 𝐒} + inf { g(x) : x ∈ 𝐒}.
(c) sup{ a + f(x) : x ∈ 𝐒} ≠ a + sup{ f(x) : x ∈ 𝐒}.
(d) none of these.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Define Supremum and Infimum of a set. Also give examples.
2. State and prove Archimedean Property in R.
3. Let S be a nonempty subset of R that is bounded below. Prove that
Inf S = −Sup {−s: s ∈ S}.
4. Use the definition of limit to establish the following limit:
3n + 1 3
lim ( )= .
n→∞ 2n + 5 2
an+1 + bn+1
5. If 0 < a < b, determine, lim ( ).
n→∞ an + bn

6. Use Squeeze Theorem to determine the limit of the following sequences:

1
(i) (nn2 )
1
(ii) ((n!)n2 )
Sin n
(iii) ( )
n
1
(iv) (an + bn )n , where 0 < a < b.
7. Define a Cauchy Sequence and also state the Cauchy Convergence Criterion.
8. If the series ∑ xn is convergent, then show that lim (xn ) = 0.
n→∞

9. State Alternating Series test.

10. Define Absolute Convergence and Conditional Convergence in a series.
 Does Absolute convergence imply convergence? Is the converse true?

Long Answer Type Questions

1. (i) State Completeness Property of R.
(ii) Let S be any nonempty subset of R that is bounded above, and let a be any real
number then show that sup(a + S) = a + sup S.
2. (i) State the Order Properties of R.
(ii) Show that there exists a positive real number x such that x 2 = 2.
3. If X = (xn ) converges to x and Z = (zn ) is a sequence of non-zero real numbers that
X x
converges to z and if z ≠ 0, then show that the quotient sequence converges to .
Z z
xn+1
4. Let (xn ) be a sequence of positive real numbers such that L = lim ( ) exists.
n→∞ xn

Show that if L < 1, then (xn ) converges and lim (xn ) = 0. Hence, find
n→∞

lim (n⁄b n ), where b > 1.

n→∞
xn+1
5. Let (xn ) be a sequence of positive real numbers such that lim ( ) = L > 1.
n→∞ xn

Show that X is not a bounded sequence and hence is not convergent.

6. Let X = (xn ) be the sequence of real numbers defined by x1 = 1, xn+1 = √2 + xn
for n ∈ 𝐍. Show that (xn ) converges and find the limit.
1
7. Show that the series ∑ is convergent if and only if p >1.
np
8. State and prove Limit Comparison test.
9. State and prove Ratio test.
10. Test for convergence the following series:
1
(i) ∑∞
n=1 2n+1
1
(ii) ∑∞
n=1 (2n+1)2
2n+1
(iii) ∑∞
n=1 n2 3n−1
n+1
(iv) ∑∞
n=0 2n
2
(v) ∑∞
n=1 ne
−n

1
(vi) ∑∞
n=1(−1)
n+1
( )
n
 Paper: C4 Differential Equations (Semester II, CBCS)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The order of the differential equation whose general solution is given by
𝑦 = (𝑐1 + 𝑐2 ) cos(𝑥 + 𝑐3 ) − 𝑐4 𝑒 𝑥+𝑐5 , where 𝑐1 , 𝑐2 , 𝑐3 , 𝑐4 , 𝑐5 are arbitrary constants,
is
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) 2
2. Which of the following is not an integrating factor of 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 0 ?
1
(a)
𝑥2
1
(b)
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
1
(c)
𝑥𝑦
𝑥
(d)
𝑦
3. The differential equation (𝑦 − 2𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥(1 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 becomes exact on
multiplication with which one of the following?
(a) 𝑥
(b) 𝑥2
1
(c)
𝑥2
1
(d)
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦2
4. What is the solution of the equation 𝑥 + =𝑦?
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 1
(a) log ( ) − ( ) = 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
(b) log(𝑥) − ( ) = 𝑐
𝑦
𝑥 1
(c) log ( ) − ( ) = 𝑐
𝑦 𝑥
𝑥
(d) log(𝑥) + ( ) = 𝑐
𝑦

5. What is the solution of the differential equation?

𝑑𝑦
= (4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 ?
𝑑𝑥

(a) 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 2tan(2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑐)
(b) 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 2tan(𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑐)
 (c) 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 2tan(2𝑦 + 𝑐)
(d) 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 2tan(2𝑥 + 𝑐)

Short Answer Type Questions

1. In Lotka-Volterra Model of Predator-Prey population what happens to the Prey in the
absence of any Predator?
2. What are the limitations of Competing Species Model?
3. In Epidemic Model for Influenza, what is Latent period and Incubation period?
Which period is longer?
4. Define Random fire and Aimed fire in a Battle Model.
5. Write down the differential equation describing the concentration of pollution in a lake.
How does this change the model if only unpolluted water flows into the lake?
6. Solve the equation
(3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0.
7. Suppose 𝑛 ≠ 0, 1. Then the transformation 𝑣 = 𝑦1−𝑛 reduces the Bernoulli equation
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
to linear equation in 𝑣. Prove it.
8. Solve the following equation
𝑑𝑦 1
cos(𝑦) + sin(𝑦) = 1.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
9. Find a general solution of
𝑦 ′′′ + 𝑦 ′ − 10𝑦 = 0.
10. A spherical tank of radius 4 ft. is full of gasoline when a circular bottom hole with
radius 1 in. is opened. How long will be required for all the gasoline to drain from the
tank?

Long Answer Type Questions

1. A population of rabbits 𝑋(𝑡) is preyed upon by a population of foxes 𝑌(𝑡). A model for
this population interaction is the pair of differential equations
𝑑𝑋 𝑑𝑌
= −𝑎𝑋𝑌, = 𝑏𝑋𝑌 − 𝑐𝑌
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

where a, b, c are positive constants.

(i) Find the relationship between the density of foxes 𝑌(𝑡) and the density of rabbits
𝑋(𝑡).
(ii) Is it possible for the foxes to completely wipe out rabbit population? Give reasons.
2. In a fish farm, fish are harvested at a constant rate of 2100 fish per week. The per capita
death rate of the fish is 0.2 fish per day per fish and the per capita birth rate is 0.7 fish
per day per fish.
 (i) Draw the compartmental diagram. Write down the word equation describing the
rate of change of fish population. Hence obtain the differential equation for the
number of fish.
(ii) If the fish population at a given time is 24000, give an estimate of the number of
fish born in one week.
3. Consider the aimed fire Battle Model with differential equations
𝑑𝑅 𝑑𝐵
= −𝑎1 𝐵, = −𝑎2 𝑅
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

where 𝑎1 and 𝑎2 are positive constants.

(i) Find the exact solution for R and B where R denotes the number of soldiers in red
army and B denotes the number of soldiers in blue army.
(ii) Find the arbitrary constants of integration by solving the simultaneous equations
for 𝑅(0) = 𝑟0 and 𝐵(0) = 𝑏0 , when 𝑡 = 0.
4. Consider a disease where all those infected remain contagious for life. A model
describing this is given by the differential equations
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝐼
= −𝛽𝑆𝐼, = 𝛽𝑆𝐼
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

where 𝛽 is a positive constant.

(i) Obtain and sketch the phase plane curves. Determine the direction of travel along
the trajectories.
(ii) Using this model, is it possible for all susceptible to be infected?
5. Solve the initial-value problem:
(3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 6)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(2) = −2.
6. (i) Prove that if 𝑓 and 𝑔 are two different solutions of
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥), ………………….. (A)
𝑑𝑥

then 𝑓 − 𝑔 is a solution of the equation

𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥

(ii) Thus show that if 𝑓 and 𝑔 are two different solutions of Equation (A) and 𝑐 is an
arbitrary constant, then
𝑐(𝑓 − 𝑔) + 𝑓
is a one-parameter family of solution of (A).
7. A motorboat starts from rest (initial velocity 𝑣(0) = 𝑣0 = 0). Its motor provides a
constant acceleration of 4 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 , but water resistance causes a deceleration of
𝑣2
𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 . Find 𝑣 when 𝑡 = 10 𝑠, also find the limiting velocity as 𝑡 → +∞ (that is, the
400
maximum possible speed of the boat).
8. Solve the initial-value problem:
𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0;
𝑦(0) = 5, 𝑦 ′ (0) = −3.
 9. Find general solution (for 𝑥 > 0) of the following ordinary differential equation
(Euler’s equation):
𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 9𝑦 = 0.
10. Use the method of variation of parameters to find a particular solution of the following
differential equation:
𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ − 8𝑦 = 3𝑒 −2𝑥 .

Paper: C8 Partial Differential Equations (Semester IV, CBCS)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The general solution of the linear partial differential equation
𝑎(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑢)𝑝 + 𝑏(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑢)𝑞 = 𝑐(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑢) is
(a) 𝑓(𝜙, 𝜓) = 1
(b) 𝑓(𝜙, 𝜓) = −1
(c) 𝑓(𝜙, 𝜓) = 0
(d) None of these
2. Characteristics for the equation (𝑦 2 𝑧)𝑝 + (𝑧𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑦 2 are
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
(a) = =
𝑦2𝑧 𝑧𝑥 𝑦2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
(b) = =
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
(c) = =
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑧𝑥

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
(d) = =
𝑧𝑥 𝑦2𝑧 𝑦2

3. The partial differential equation 𝑢𝑥𝑥 +𝑥 2 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 0 is classified as

(a) elliptic
(b) parabolic
(c) hyperbolic
(d) none of the above
4. The solution of the below initial- value problem is
𝑢𝑡𝑡 = 𝑐 2 𝑢𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥𝜖𝑅, 𝑡 > 0,
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = sin 𝑥 , 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = cos 𝑥
1
(a) sin 𝑥 cos 𝑐𝑡 − cos 𝑥 sin 𝑐𝑡
𝑐

(b) sin 𝑥 cos 𝑐𝑡 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑐𝑡

 (c) sin 𝑥 cos 𝑐𝑡
1
(d) sin 𝑥 cos 𝑐𝑡 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑐𝑡
𝑐

5. The following is true for the partial differential equation used in nonlinear mechanics
known as Korteweg-de Vries equation.
𝑤𝑡 + 𝑤𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 6 𝑤 𝑤𝑥 = 0
(a) linear; 3rd order
(b) nonlinear; 3rd order
(c) linear; 1st order
(d) nonlinear 1st order

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Find the solution of the Cauchy problem
3𝑢𝑥 + 2𝑢𝑦 = 0, with 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = sin 𝑥
2. Find the general solution of the equation
𝑢𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 𝑢𝑦 = 0
3. Reduce the following equation to canonical form
𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑢𝑦𝑦 + 7𝑢𝑦 = sin 𝑥
4. Determine the solution of the initial value problem
𝑢𝑡𝑡 − 𝑐 2 𝑢𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥 3 , 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑥
5. Find the solution of the following problem
𝑢𝑡𝑡 = 𝑐 2 𝑢𝑥𝑥 = 0, 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋, 𝑡 > 0,
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = sin 𝑥 , 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑥 2 − 𝜋𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋,
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝜋, 𝑡) = 0, 𝑡 > 0

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Apply √𝑢 = 𝑣 and 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑦) to solve the equation
𝑥 4 𝑢𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 𝑢𝑦2 = 4𝑢
2. Show that the equation of motion of a long string is
𝑢𝑡𝑡 = 𝑐 2 𝑢𝑥𝑥 − 𝑔
where 𝑔 is the gravitational acceleration.
3. Transform the equation
𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑢𝑦𝑦 + sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0
into the canonical form. Use the canonical form to find the general solution.
 4. Determine the solution of the Goursat problem
𝑢𝑡𝑡 = 𝑐 2 𝑢𝑥𝑥 ,
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑡 = 0
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑔(𝑥), 𝑜𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑡(𝑥)
where 𝑓(0) = 𝑔(0).
5. Solve the problem
𝑢𝑡 − 𝑘𝑢𝑥𝑥 = 0, 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 𝑡 > 0
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑥(1 − 𝑥), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1,
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 𝑡, 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0

Paper: C9 Riemann Integration & Series of Functions(Semester IV, CBCS)

Multiple Choice Questions (More than one statement can also be correct)
8
1. Approximation of the definite integral ∫0 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 with the Riemann sum by dividing
[0,8] into 4 equal subintervals and taking midpoint of each interval is
(a) 186
(b) 168
(c) 167
(d) None of these
1, 𝑥 ∈ ℚ
2. Upper Darboux integral for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { on the interval [0, 𝑏] is
0, 𝑥 ∉ ℚ
𝑏2
(a) 𝑈(𝑓) <
2
𝑏2
(b) 𝑈(𝑓) =
2
𝑏2
(c) 𝑈(𝑓) >
2

(d) None of these

3. Let 𝑓𝑛 ∶ [0,1] → [0,1] be a sequence of differentiable functions. Assume that (𝑓𝑛 )
converges uniformly on [0,1] to a function 𝑓. Then
(a) 𝑓 is differentiable and Riemann integrable on [0,1]
(b) 𝑓 is uniformly continuous and Riemann integrable on [0,1]
(c) 𝑓 is continuous, 𝑓 need not be differentiable on (0,1) and need not be Riemann
integrable on [0,1]
(d) 𝑓 need not be uniformly continuous on [0,1]
sin(𝑛!)
4. Consider the power series ∑∞ 𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 where 𝑎0 = 0 and 𝑎𝑛 = for 𝑛 ≥ 1. Let R
𝑛!
be the radius of convergence of the power series. Then
(a) 𝑅≥1
 (b) 𝑅 ≥ 2𝜋
(c) 𝑅 ≤ 4𝜋
(d) All are true
𝑥
5. For any positive integer 𝑛, let 𝑓𝑛 : [0,1] → ℝ be defined by 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = for 𝑥 ∈ [0,1].
𝑛𝑥+1

Then
(a) The sequence (𝑓𝑛 ) converges uniformly on [0,1]
(b) The sequence (𝑓𝑛 ′ ) of derivatives of (𝑓𝑛 ) converges uniformly on [0,1]
1
(c) The sequence (∫0 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥) is convergent
1
(d) The sequence (∫0 𝑓𝑛 ′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥) is convergent
6. Let 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 for 𝑥 ∈ [0,1] and 𝑛 ∈ ℕ. Then
(a) lim 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) exists ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0,1]
𝑛→∞

(b) lim 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) defines a continuous function on [0,1]

𝑛→∞

(c) (𝑓𝑛 ) converges uniformly on [0,1]

(d) lim 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0,1]
𝑛→∞

7. Let {𝑎𝑛 ∶ 𝑛 ≥ 1} be a sequence of real numbers such that ∑∞

𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 is convergent and
∑∞ |𝑎 |
𝑛=1 𝑛 is divergent. Let R be the radius of convergence of the power series
∑∞ 𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 . Then we can conclude that:

(a) 0<𝑅<1
(b) 𝑅=1
(c) 1<𝑅<∞
(d) 𝑅=∞
8. Let 𝑓 be a monotonically increasing function from [0,1] to [0,1]. Which of the
following statements is/are true?
(a) 𝑓 must be continuous at all points in [0,1]
(b) 𝑓 must be differentiable at all points in [0,1]
(c) 𝑓 must be Riemann Integrable
(d) 𝑓 must be bounded
1, 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 0.5
9. Let 𝑓: [0,1] → ℝ be the function given by (𝑥) = { 2, 𝑖𝑓 0.5 ≤ 𝑥 < 0.7 .
3, 𝑖𝑓 0.7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
Then
(a) 𝑓 is not Riemann integrable
1
(b) 𝑓 is Riemann integrable and ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2
1
(c) 𝑓 is Riemann integrable and ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2 . 1
 (d) None of the above
10. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not true?
(a) Every Riemann integrable function is bounded
(b) Every monotone function on [𝑎, 𝑏] is Riemann integrable
(c) Every continuous function is Riemann integrable
(d) If a function 𝑓 on [0,1] be defined by
1
𝑘, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = , 𝑘∈ℕ
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
is not Riemann integrable.

Short Answer Type Questions

𝑥𝑛
1. Find the pointwise limit of the (𝑓𝑛 ) defined by 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ [0,2].
1+𝑥 𝑛

2. Define radius of convergence of a power series and find the radius of convergence of
1
the series ∑∞
𝑛=2 .
ln(𝑛)
1
3. Show that ∑∞
𝑛=1 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ is uniformly convergent on ℝ.
𝑥 2 +𝑛2

4. Let (𝑠𝑛 ) = (0,1,2,1,0,1,2,1,0,1,2,1, … ) and (𝑡𝑛 ) = (2,1,1,0,2,1,1,0,2,1,1,0, … ). Then

find
(i) liminf 𝑠𝑛 and limsup 𝑡𝑛
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

(ii) liminf 𝑠𝑛 + liminf 𝑡𝑛

𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

(iii) Liminf(𝑠𝑛 + 𝑡𝑛 )
𝑛→∞

5. Define uniform convergence of sequence of functions and give one example of

uniformly convergent sequence of functions.
6. Find the upper Darboux integral for 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 on the interval [−𝑏, 𝑏], 𝑏 > 0.
7. Show that if 𝑓 is integrable on [𝑎, 𝑏] then 𝑓 3 is integrable on [𝑎, 𝑏].
8. Let 𝑓 ≥ 0 and integrable on [a,b] . Is √𝑓 integrable on [𝑎, 𝑏]?

Long Answer Type Questions

1. A function 𝑓 on [𝑎, 𝑏] is called a step function if there exists a partition P =
{𝑎 = 𝑡0 < 𝑡1 < ⋯ < 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑏} of [𝑎, 𝑏] such that 𝑓 is constant on each interval
(𝑡𝑘−1 , 𝑡𝑘 ), say 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑘 for 𝑥 ∈ (𝑡𝑘−1 , 𝑡𝑘 ). Show that a step function 𝑓 is integrable
and evaluate it.
1
2. Let 𝑓(x) = sin for x ≠ 0 and 𝑓(0) = 0. Show 𝑓 is integrable on [−1, 1].
𝑥

3. Let (𝑓𝑛 ) be a sequence of integrable functions on [𝑎, 𝑏], and suppose 𝑓𝑛 → 𝑓 uniformly
𝑏 𝑏
on [𝑎, 𝑏]. Prove that 𝑓 is integrable on [𝑎, 𝑏] and ∫𝑎 𝑓 = lim ∫𝑎 𝑓𝑛 .
𝑛→∞
1
4. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = x 𝑠𝑔𝑛(𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) for x ≠ 0 and 𝑓(0) = 0.
𝑥
 (i) Show that 𝑓 is not piecewise continuous on [−1, 1].
(ii) Show that 𝑓 is not piecewise monotonic on [−1, 1].
(iii) Show that 𝑓 is integrable on [−1, 1].
𝑏 𝑏
5. Suppose 𝑓 and 𝑔 are continuous functions on [𝑎, 𝑏] such that ∫𝑎 𝑓 = ∫𝑎 𝑔. Prove that
∃ 𝑥 in (𝑎, 𝑏) such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥).
6. Show that if 𝑎 > 0, then (𝑓𝑛 ) defined as 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑛𝑥) converges uniformly to
𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑔𝑛(𝑥) on the interval [𝑎, ∞) but is not uniformly convergent on (0, ∞).
2

7. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ∑∞ 𝑛
𝑛==1 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 be a power series with finite positive radius of convergence
𝑅. Then 𝑓 is differentiable on (−𝑅, 𝑅) and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ∑∞
𝑛==1 𝑛𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑛−1
for |𝑥| < 𝑅.
8. Let (𝑠𝑛 ) be a sequence of real numbers. Then
(i) If lim 𝑠𝑛 is defined (as a real number, +∞, -∞), then
𝑛→∞

liminf 𝑠𝑛 = lim 𝑠𝑛 = limsup 𝑠𝑛

𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

(ii) If limsup 𝑠𝑛 = liminf 𝑠𝑛 , then lim 𝑠𝑛 is defined and

𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

lim 𝑠𝑛 = limsup 𝑠𝑛 = liminf 𝑠𝑛

𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

Paper: C10 Ring Theory & Linear Algebra-I (Semester IV, CBCS)

Multiple Answer Type Questions

Pick the correct statement(s) in following. More than one statement can also be true in
following.
1.  , the Set of integers is

(a) Integral Domain

(b) Principal Ideal Domain
(c) Division Ring
(d) Commutative Ring
2. If A and B are ideals in a Commutative Ring with Unity R, then
(a) A ∩ B is an ideal
(b) A ∪ B is an ideal
(c) AB is an ideal
(d) All of the above
3. Let  be a finite field with cardinality 32. Then Char() can be

(a) 6
(b) 32
(c) 2
 (d) None of the these
4. Let  be an infinite field. Then

(a)  is a Multiplicative Group

(b)  is an Additive Group

(c) ~{0} is an Additive Group

(d) ~{0} is a Multiplicative Group

5. 8, the ring of integers modulo 8 has

(a) No units
(b) No Zero Divisors
(c) No Nilpotents
(d) No Idempotents
6. Let V be an infinite vector space over a field  and 𝛽 be the basis of V. Then

(a) 𝛽 is linearly dependent

(b) 𝛽 is a generating set for V
(c) 𝛽 is linearly independent
(d) None of the above

7. Pick basis for 2 over 

(a) {(1, -2), (3, 0)}

(b) {(0, -2), (-11, 0)}
(c) {(11, -2), (0, 0)}
(d) {(5,-2), (3, 0)}

8. Pick basis for P2() over 

(a) {1, 0, x2}

(b) {1, x, x2}
(c) {1, 1+x, 1+x2}
(d) {1, 1- x, x2}
9. If 𝛽 is a basis of a vector space V. Then
(a) 𝛽 is a subset of V
(b) 𝛽 is a subspace of V
(c) 𝛽 is a unique subset of V
(d) 𝛽 is a unique subspace of V
 10. If W and U be two subspaces of a vector space V over a field F. Then
(a) W+U forms a subspace
(b) W ∩ U forms a subspace
(c) W ∪ U forms a subspace
(d) All of the above

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Give an example of a non-commutative Division Ring.
2. Give an example of a commutative ring without unity in which a maximal ideal is not
a prime ideal.

3. Prove that <x> is a prime ideal in [x] but not a maximal ideal in [x].

4. Verify that 3 is a vector space over .

[𝑥]
5. Prove that is an Integral Domain.
<𝑥>

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Prove that the direct sum of finitely many Rings remains a Ring under component
wise addition and multiplication. What can you say about direct product of finitely
many Integral Domains? Justify.
2. Prove that a field cannot have a composite cardinality.
3. State and Prove Second Isomorphism Theorem for Rings.
4. State and Prove Third Isomorphism Theorem for Rings.
5. Let T be a linear transformation from V to W then prove that T(V) is a subspace of
W.

Paper: SEC-2: Computer Algebra Systems and Related Softwares

(Semester IV, CBCS)

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Define a function f(x) = x 3 + sin x in Maple and evaluate f(/2) .

2. Define a function f(x) = x 3 + cos x in Maxima. Find the differentiation of f(x) with
respect to x.
3. Compute 36 mod 7 using Mathematica.
1  3  3 1  3 1
4. Let A   1 1 2  and B  3 0 2
0  2 1  2 1 2 

Compute C = AB using MATLAB.

 5. Put the list of values 7, 5, 9, 2, 1, 8, 4, 2, 4, 8 into a variable a .
(i) Find the mean, median, and sample standard deviation of a .
(ii) Sort the array a .

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Put the following values into a file (using Notepad or some other suitable editor), and
read the file into a variable b using R software.
9 9 5 6 9 2 5 1 9 9 1 4 8 10 4 5 4 1 8 2 5 8 2 9 4 1 2
6 3 2 9 7 6 4 6
(i) Generate a five number summary of b .
(ii) Create a box plot of b .
(iii) Create a stem and leaf plot of b .

2. Let M  1 1  .
1 0

(i) Find M 2 , M 3,..., M10 (Using Maple).

(ii) Do your answers suggest a way to compute Fibonacci numbers? Find the 100th
Fibonacci number.
3. Graph each of the functions using Maxima. Experiment with different domains or
viewpoints to display the best images.
x
(i) f ( x) 
1 x2
1
(ii) y  x sin
x
x
4. Let f ( x)  . (Using Mathematica)
1 x2
(i) Find f ' ( x ) and f ' ' ( x) .
(ii) Find f ' ( 1) and f ' (0) .
(iii) Find f ' ' (0) and f ' ' (1) .
5. Solve the system of equation using MATLAB
 2 x  4 z  8
 4 x  3 y  20
 2 y  8
 Paper: Complex Analysis (Semester VI)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The harmonic conjugate of 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 is
(a) −𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐, (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
(b) 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑐
(c) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐
(d) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑐
𝑛
𝑧 2 +1
2. The domain of convergence of the series ∑∞ 2
𝑛=0 𝑛 ( ) is
1+𝑖

(a) |𝑧 + 1| < 2
(b) |𝑧 2 + 1| < √2
(c) |𝑧 2 + 1| < 2
(d) |𝑧 + 1| < √2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧
3. At z = 0 , the function 𝑓(𝑧) = has
𝑧
(a) a simple pole
(b) an essential singularity
(c) a removable singularity
(d) a non-isolated singularity
𝑧2 𝑧4
4. Radius of convergence of the power series 1 + + + ⋯,𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑎2 𝑎4

(a) |𝑎|−1
(b) |𝑎|
(c) 0
(d) none
5. The function 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒(𝑧) maps the third quadrant onto
(a) itself
(b) lower half plane
(c) upper half plane
(d) second quadrant
6. By stereographic projection with the south pole at the origin (0,0,0) the point (1,0,1)
goes to the complex number
(a) 𝑧=𝑖
(b) 𝑧 =1+𝑖
(c) 𝑧=1
(d) none
 7. If 𝑓 = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is an analytic function, it satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations
(a) 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
(b) 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 = 𝑣𝑦
(c) 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 = −𝑣𝑦
(d) 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 = −𝑣𝑥
𝑧
𝑖𝑓 𝑧 ≠ 0
8. Let 𝑓(𝑧) = {|𝑧| . Then
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 = 0
(a) f is discontinuous at 0
(b) f is not analytic at 0 but is continuous at 0
(c) f is differentiable at 0
(d) f is not differentiable at 0 but it is continuous at 0
9. Let 𝑓 be an entire function. If 𝑅𝑒(𝑓) is bounded then
(a) 𝐼𝑚(𝑓) is constant
(b) f is constant
(c) f=0
(d) All are correct
10. If 1 + 𝑖 √3 = 𝑟 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 then
𝜋
(a) 𝑟 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 =
3
𝜋
(b) 𝑟 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 =
4
𝜋
(c) 𝑟 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 =
3
𝜋
(d) 𝑟 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 =
4

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Solve the following equations in polar form and locate the roots in the complex plane:
(i) 𝑧 6 = 1.
(ii) 𝑧 4 = −1 + √3𝑖
2. Find the radius of convergence of
(−1)𝑛 𝑧 𝑛
(i) 𝛴
𝑛!
𝑛!𝑧 𝑛
(ii) 𝛴
𝑛𝑛

(iii) 𝛴 𝑛𝑝 𝑐𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝛴𝑐𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑅.

3. Find all analytic functions 𝑓 = 𝑢 + 𝑖 𝑣 with 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 .
4. Find the power series expansion of 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 2 around 𝑧 = 2.
 5. Classify the singularities of
1
(i)
𝑧 4 +𝑧 2

(ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑧
2
𝑒 1/𝑧
(iii)
𝑧−1

Long Answer Type Questions

1. State and prove Weistrass M-Test.
2. Suppose 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑓𝑦 exist in a neighborhood of z. Then if 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑓𝑦 are continuous at z
and 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑖 𝑓𝑥 there, f is differentiable at z.
3. If 𝑓 is entire and if C is a (smooth) closed curve ,

∮ 𝑓(𝑧)𝑑𝑧 = 0.

4. State and prove Morera’s theorem.

5. State and prove Cauchy Integral Formula.

Paper: Algebra-V (Semester VI)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The number of permissible cycle types in S5 is
(a) 7
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) None
2. The number of 3-sylow subgroups of group of order 25 is
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 0
(d) 5
3. The group Zm×Zn is cyclic if
(a) mn=1
(b) m+n=1
(c) g.c.d(m, n) = 1
(d) l.c.m(m,n) = 1
4. The number of conjugate classes of Q8 is
(a) 8
(b) 4
 (c) 7
(d) 5
5. The number of groups of order 49 is
(a) 4
(b) 1
(c) 7
(d) 2
6. The number of elements of order 4 in Z2×Z4 is
(a) 8
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 2
7. The number of simple groups of order 60 is
(a) 1
(b) 10
(c) 60
(d) 6
8. The number of conjugacy classes of elements of order 4 in S3 is
(a) 6
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) 2
9. What is the largest order of any element in U(900):
(a) 900
(b) 40
(c) 60
(d) 100
10. If G is an abelian group of order 20, then the number of possible isomorphism classes
of G is
(a) 2
(b) 6
(c) 5
(d) 20
11. The number of sylow 3-subgroups of A4 is
(a) 1
 (b) 24
(c) 4
(d) 5
12. If G is an abelian group of order 60, then number of sylow 5-subgroups of G is
(a) 10
(b) 9
(c) 60
(d) 6

Short Answer Type Questions

1. The set {1, 9, 16, 22, 29, 53, 74, 79, 81} is a group under multiplication modulo 91.
Determine the isomorphism class of this group.
2. Let
 4 2 2
A   2 4 2
 2 2 4
 
Find an orthogonal matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that Pt AP= D.
3. If α1 = (1 5)(3 7 2)(10 6 8 11) and α2 = α13, then check whether α1 and α2 are conjugate
or not and if they are, find µ such that
µ α1 µ-1 = α2.
4. Find all conjugate classes of D6.
5. Find all subgroups of order 3 in Z9×Z3.
6. Show that A5 is simple.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Find all conjugate classes of A4, D6 and S4.
2. Prove that if |G|=385, then show that
(i) a sylow 7-subgroup is normal
(ii) a sylow 11-subgroup is normal
(iii) Z(G) contains a sylow 11-subgroup.
3. The differentiation operator on the space of polynomials of degree less than or equal to
3 is represented by
0 1 0 0
0 0 2 0
0 0 0 3 .
0 0 
 0 0
What is the Jordan form of this matrix?
4. Show that a group of order 12 is not simple.
 5. Let T be a linear operator on R3 which is represented in the standard ordered basis by
the matrix:
5 6 6
A  1 4 2 
3 6 4
 
Find its rational form and hence find an invertible 3×3 real matrix P such that P-1AP is
in rational form.

Paper: Discrete Mathematics (Semester VI)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A complete graph with more than two vertices is not bipartite.
(a) True
(b) False
2. Isomorphism is an equivalence relation on the set of all graphs.
(a) True
(b) False
3. If A is the adjacency matrix of the graph 𝐾5 , then the (2,4) entry of 𝐴2 is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
0 1 1
4. If a graph G has adjacency matrix 1 0 0 , how many walks from v back to itself
1 0 0
that include two edges.
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
5. 𝐾8,10 is Hamiltonian.
(a) True
(b) False
6. If a graph G contains a cycle that does not pass through all the vertices of G, then G is
not Hamiltonian.
(a) True
(b) False
 7. A graph with more than one component cannot be Eulerian.
(a) True
(b) False
8. A pseudograph that possesses an Eulerian trail has exactly two odd vertices.
(a) True
(b) False
9. If graphs 𝐺1 and 𝐺2 are isomorphic and pictures are drawn for each of these graphs
then the pictures must look
(a) Exactly same
(b) different
(c) similar
(d) could be any kind
10. It is not possible for a graph to have degree of sequence 6, 5, 4, 3, 2.
(a) True
(b) False

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Find the CN form of the function f = (x (y’+ z)) + z’. Hence find its DN form.
2. Determine the symbolic representation of the circuit given by: ( x1' x2 )'  x3 .
3. Show that every distributive lattice is modular. Is the converse true?
4. State and prove connecting lemma.
5. Draw the Hasse diagram of the following ordered subsets of ( N 0 , ) :
(i) {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}
(ii) {1, 2, 3, 12, 18, 0)

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Prove that two finite ordered sets P and Q are order isomorphic if and only if they can
be drawn with identical diagrams.
2. Show that every finite lattice is complete.
3. Let L be a lattice. Show that the following are equivalent:
( D) (a, b, c  L), a  (b  c)  (a  b)  (a  c)
.
( D) (p, q, r  L), p  (q  r) = (p  q)  (p  r)

4. Let L be a lattice. Then the following implications hold:

(i) L is a Boolean algebraL is relatively complemented.
(ii) L is relatively complementedL is sectionally complemented.
5. Use Karnaugh diagrams to simplify:
x1 x2 x3  x2 x3 x4  x1' x2 x4'  x1' x2 x3 x4'  x1' x2' x4' .
 B.A. (Programme)

Paper: Algebra (Semester II, CBCS)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Rank of a zero matrix is
(a) ϕ
(b) 0
(c) 1
2. A set consisting of a non-zero vector is
(a) Linearly Independent
(b) Linearly Dependent
3. Set of real numbers is a vector space over set of complex numbers
(a) True
(b) False
4. De Moivre’s theorem: (cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃)𝑛 = cos 𝑛𝜃 + sin 𝑛𝜃 is true for n
(a) n is real number
(b) n is integer
(c) n is natural number
5. A quadratic equation 𝛼𝑥 2 + 𝛽𝑥 + 𝛾 = 0 can have at the most
(a) one solution
(b) two solutions
(c) three solutions

Short Answer Type Questions

1 1 1 1 
1. Find the rank of the matrix A  3 4 5 2 
2 3 4 0

2. Show that the set S= {sin 𝑥 , cos 𝑥 } is linearly Independent over set of real numbers.
3. Determine whether W = {𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 | 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 ∈ } is a subspace of V =
{𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 | 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ∈ }.
4. Use De Moivre’s theorem to solve 𝑧 5 − 𝑧 = 0.
5. Find all the roots of equation 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 = 0.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Show that the set {(1,0,-1) , (1,1,1) , (1,2,4)} is a basis for 3 .
 2. Solve the system of equations:
x - 4y + 7z = 8
3x + 8y - 2z = 6
7x - 8y + 26z = 31
3. Define a Group and Lagrange’s theorem for groups. Discuss the permutation group
of n elements. Explain 𝑆3 as a permutation group of three elements.
4. Define Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Find the inverse of the matrix
 1 2 0
A  1 1 0
2  1 2

Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

5. For what values of  and  do the following system of equations
x+y+z = 6
x + 2y + 3z = 10 have
x + 2y + z = 
(i) a unique solution
(ii) no solution
(iii) an infinitely number of solutions

Paper: Analysis (Semester IV, CBCS)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The derived set of the set of the natural numbers is:
(a) ℕ
(b) ℤ
(c) ∅
(d) 

2. A non-empty subset of real numbers which is bounded below has:

(a) Infimum
(b) Both infimum and supremum
(c) Supremum
(d) Neither infimum nor supremum
3. Which of the following set is a neighbourhood of each of its points?
(a) ℚ
(b) ℕ
(c) ℤ
(d) ]0,1[
 1
4. Series ∑∞
𝑛=1 is convergent if:
𝑛𝑝

(a) 𝑝<1
(b) 𝑝>1
(c) 𝑝=1
(d) 𝑝≤1
5. For Riemann integrability on [𝑎, 𝑏] , condition of continuity is
(a) Necessary
(b) Sufficient
(c) Necessary and Sufficient
(d) None of these
1 1 1
6. The sum of the series + + + ⋯ equals
1.2 2.3 3.4

(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) -1
7. For the function 𝑓 defined on [0,3] as 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] (greatest integer function), the
3
value of ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 equals
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) 1
8. Let 𝑓 be a continuous function on [𝑎, 𝑏]. Then
(a) 𝑓 is unbounded
(b) 𝑓 is monotonically increasing
(c) 𝑓 is constant on [𝑎, 𝑏]
(d) 𝑓 is Riemann integrable
9. Let 𝑓 ∶ [0,2] → ℝ be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥[𝑥] ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0,2]. Then
2
(a) ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 exists
2
(b) ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 =1
2
(c) ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 does not exist
(d) None of the above
10. Let 𝑓 be discontinuous at finitely many points of [𝑎, 𝑏]. Then
(a) 𝑓 is Riemann integrable
 (b) 𝑓 is uniformly continuous
(c) 𝑓 is differentiable
(d) None of the above

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Find the supremum and infimum of the set
1 1 1 1 1 1
S = {1, 1 + , 1 + + ,… , 1 + + + ⋯+ ,…}
2 2 22 2 22 2𝑛−1

2. Prove that the set of integers ℤ has no limit point.

1 1 1 1
3. Show that the sequence (𝑎𝑛 ), where 𝑎𝑛 = 1 + + + + ⋯ + does not converge.
2 3 4 𝑛
2
4. Show that the series ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑒
−𝑛
converges.
1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ ℚ
5. Show that the function 𝑓 defined on [0,1] by 𝑓(𝑥) = { is not
0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∉ ℚ
Riemann integrable.
6. Find upper sum of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0,2], where 𝑘 > 0 is a constant.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Prove that every convergent sequence is bounded. Justify with an example that the
converse need not be true.
2. Prove that the intersection of two open sets is open. Give an example to show that the
intersection of an arbitrary family of open sets need not be open.
𝑢𝑛
3. Let ∑∞ ∞
𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 and ∑𝑛=1 𝑣𝑛 be two positive term series such that lim = c (c is finite and non-
𝑛→∞ 𝑣𝑛
zero real number), then prove that ∑∞ ∞
𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 and ∑𝑛=1 𝑣𝑛 converge or diverge together.

4. Prove that a continuous function defined on a closed bounded interval is uniformly

continuous. Justify with an example that the condition of the interval being closed
cannot be relaxed.
5. Prove that if 𝑓 is monotonic on [𝑎, 𝑏], then it is Riemann integrable on [𝑎, 𝑏].
6. A bounded function 𝑓 is integrable on [𝑎, 𝑏] iff for every 𝜀 > 0 there exists a partition
𝑃 of [𝑎, 𝑏] such that 𝑈(𝑃, 𝑓) − 𝐿(𝑃, 𝑓) < 𝜀.

Paper: Numerical Analysis and Statistics (Semester VI)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A coefficient of correlation is computed to be -0.95 means that
(a) The relationship between two variables is weak
(b) The relationship between two variables is strong and positive
(c) The relationship between two variables is strong and but negative
(d) Correlation coefficient cannot have this value
 2. If 𝛽1 = 9 and 𝛽2 = 11, then coefficient of skewness is
(a) 0.589
(b) 0.689
(c) 0.489
(d) 0.889
3. If Y=5X + 10 and X is N(10,25), then mean of Y is
(a) 50
(b) 135
(c) 60
(d) 70
4. We wish to solve 𝑥 2 − 2 = 0 by Newton Raphson technique. If initial guess is
𝑥0 = 1.0, subsequent estimate of 𝑥 (i.e. 𝑥1 ) will be
(a) 1.414
(b) 1.5
(c) 2.0
(d) None of these
2.2
5. The value of ∫0.2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by using 2-segment Simpson’s 1/3 rule most nearly is
(a) 7.8036
(b) 7.8423
(c) 8.4433
(d) 10.246

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Calculate the nth divided difference of 1/𝑥, based on the points 𝑥0 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … , 𝑥𝑛 .
2. Given that 𝑓(2) = 4, 𝑓(2.5) = 5.5, find the linear interpolating polynomial using
Lagrange interpolation.
3. Consider the system of equations
1 −𝑎 𝑥1 𝑏
[ ] [𝑥 ] = [ 1 ]
−𝑎 1 2 𝑏2
where a is a real constant.
For what values of a, the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel method converge.
4. Determine Mean and Variance of Poisson distribution.
5. Determine the Moment generating function of Continuous Uniform distribution.
6. Let 𝑋 have the pdf 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(1 − 𝑥), 0 < 𝑥 < 1, and zero elsewhere. Find the Mean
and 𝐸(6𝑋 + 3𝑋 2 ).
7. Perform five iterations of the Bisection Method to find a real root of the equation
 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 11 = 0 in the interval (2, 3).

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Perform five iterations of the Secant Method to find a real root of the equation
𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 = 0 in the interval (0, 1).
2. Show that Newton-Raphson Method has second order of convergence.
3. Construct the divided difference table for the data:

𝑥: 0.5 1.5 3.0 5.0 6.5 8.0

𝑓(𝑥): 1.625 5.875 31.0 131.0 282.125 521.0

Hence, find the interpolating polynomial and an approximation to the value of 𝑓(7).
4. Calculate the Coefficient of correlation from the following data.

X 12 9 8 10 11 13 7

Y 14 8 6 9 11 12 3

5. Show that Poisson distribution is a limiting case of Binomial distribution, when 𝑛 →

∞, 𝜃 → 0 such that 𝑛𝜃 = 𝜆 (constant).
6. Perform three iterations of Jacobi Method to solve the following system of equations:
4𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 2
𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = −6
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = −4
taking the initial approximation 𝑥 (0) = [0.5, −0.5, −0.5].
7. Solve the system of equations
2 1 1 −2 𝑥1 −10
4 0 2 1 𝑥2 8
[ ] [𝑥 ] = [ ]
3 2 2 0 3 8
1 3 2 −1 𝑥4 −5
using the Gauss elimination method with partial pivoting.

Paper: Generic 2 - Linear Algebra

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The rank of the matrix
3 −1 2
𝐴 = [2 1 3] is
7 1 8
(a) 0
(b) 1
 (c) 2
(d) 3
2. The characteristic polynomial of the matrix
12 −51
𝐴 = [ ] is
2 −11
(a) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 30
(b) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 30
(c) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 30
(d) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 30
3. The eigen values of the matrix
1 0 1
𝐴 = [0 2 −3] are
0 0 −5
(a) 1, 2, −5
(b) −1, −2, 5
(c) 1, 2, −3
(d) 1, 2, 5
4. Let 𝑆 be the subset of a vector space 𝑉. Then which of the following statement is false?
(a) 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆) is defined only if S is a finite subset
(b) 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆)
(c) 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆) is a subspace of 𝑉
(d) 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆) is the smallest subspace of 𝑉 containing 𝑆
5. Let 𝑆 = { [7,1,2,0], [8,0,1, −1], [1,0,0, −2] }. Then which of the following statement
is true?
(a) 𝑆 forms basis for 𝑅4
(b) 𝑆 is linearly independent
(c) 𝑆 spans 𝑅4
(d) 𝑆 is linearly dependent
6. Which of the following subset of ℝ2 is a subspace of ℝ2 ?
(a) The set of vectors of the form [1, 𝑎]
(b) The set of vectors of the form [𝑎, 2𝑎]
(c) The set of vectors of the form [𝑎, 𝑏], where |𝑎| = |𝑏|
(d) The set of vectors having a zero in at least one coordinate
7. Let x and y be vectors in ℝ𝑛 . Then which of the following statement is false?
(a) 𝑥 and 𝑦 are orthogonal if and only if 𝑥. 𝑦 = 0
(b) ||𝑥 − 𝑦|| ≤ ||𝑥|| – ||𝑦||
 (c) ||𝑥 + 𝑦|| ≤ ||𝑥 || + ||𝑦||
(d) |||𝑥|| − ||𝑦||| ≤ ||𝑥 + 𝑦||

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Show that the set ℝ2 , with the usual scalar multiplication but with vector addition
replaced by
[𝑥, 𝑦] ⨁ [𝑤, 𝑧] = [𝑥 + 𝑤, 0],
does not form a vector space.
2. If x and y are vectors in ℝ𝑛 , then prove that
||𝑥 + 𝑦|| ≤ ||𝑥|| + ||𝑦||
3. Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces, and let 𝐿: 𝑉𝑊 be a linear transformation. Let 0𝑣 be
the zero vector in 𝑉 and 0𝑤 be the zero vector in 𝑊. Then
𝐿(0𝑣 ) = 0𝑤
𝐿(−𝑣) = −𝐿(𝑣) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝜖𝑉.
4. Find the angle between the vectors
𝑥 = [8, −20,4] and 𝑦 = [6, −15,3].
5. Show that the mapping 𝑓: ℝ3  ℝ3 given by
𝑓([𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧]) = [−𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧] is a linear operator.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Show that the Linear transformation 𝐿: ℝ2  ℝ2 given by
𝑥1 −3 4 𝑥
1
𝐿 ([𝑥 ]) = [ −6 9 ] [𝑥 ]
2 2
7 −8
is one to one but not onto.
2. Let 𝐿: ℝ3  ℝ3 be the linear operator given by
𝑥1 1 −1 5 𝑥1
𝐿 ([𝑥2 ]) = [−2 3 −13] [𝑥2 ]
𝑥3 3 −3 15 𝑥3
Find a basis for 𝑘𝑒𝑟(𝐿) and a basis for 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒(𝐿). Also verify the dimension theorem.
3. Solve the following system of linear equations using Gauss-Jordan method:
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 6
2𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 14
3𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = −2.
4. State and prove Cauchy -Schwartz Inequality.
5. Use the simplified span method to find a simplified general form for all the vectors in
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆), where 𝑆 = { [1, −1,1], [2, −3,3], [0,1, −1] } is a subset of ℝ3 .
 Paper: Generic 4 - Numerical Methods

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The interpolating polynomial of highest degree which corresponds the functional
values f (1)  9, f (0)  5, f (2)  3, f (5)  15, is
(a) x3  x2  2x  5
(b) x2  3x  5
(c) x4  4x3  5x2  5
(d) x5
2. The Runge-Kutta method of order four is used to solve the differential equation
dy
 f ( x), y (0)  0 with step size h. the solution at x  h is given by
dx
h h 
(a) y ( h)  f (0)  4 f ( )  f (h) 
6  2 
h h 
(b) y ( h)   f (0)  2 f ( )  f (h) 
6 2 
h
(c) y ( h)   f (0)  f (h)
6
h h 
(d) y ( h)   2 f (0)  f ( )  2 f (h) 
6 2 

3. The values of the constants  ,  , x1 for which the quadratic formula

1
 f ( x)dx   f (0)   f ( x1 )
0

is exact for polynomials of degree as high as possible, are

2 1 3
(a)   ,   , x1 
3 4 4
3 1 2
(b)   ,   , x1 
4 4 3
1 3 2
(c)   ,   , x1 
4 4 3
2 3 1
(d)   ,   , x1 
3 4 4
22 1
4. On evaluating   dxdy numerically by trapezoidal rule one would get the value
1 1 ( x  y)
 17
(a)
48
11
(b)
48
21
(c)
48
17
(d)
52

5. Let f ( x) be an equation such that f (a) f (b)  0 for two real numbers a and b. then
(a) At least one root of f ( x)  0 lies in (a, b)
(b) No root lies in (a, b)
(c) Either no root or an even number of roots lie in (a, b)
(d) None of these

Short Answer Type Question

1. Define round-off error and truncation error.
2. Give geometrical interpretation of :
a. Secant method
(iii) Newton Raphson method
3. Find the minimum number of iterations required to attain an accuracy of 0.001 in the
interval [1, 2] using bisection method.
4. Using the data given in the table
X 1 2 3 4
f(x) 2 4 8 16
Estimate the second derivative at x=3.
5. Given f(2)=4, f(2.5)=5.5, find the linear interpolating polynomial using Lagrange
interpolation. Hence, find an approximate value of f(2.2).

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Perform five iterations to find a positive real root of
x4 – 0.65=0
using Regula Falsi method.
2. Construct the interpolating polynomial that fits the data
x 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
f(x) -1.5 -1.27 -0.98 -0.63 -0.22 0.25
using the Gregory-Newton forward or backward difference interpolation. Hence, or
otherwise estimate the values of f(x) at x = 0.15, 0.25 and 0.45.
3. Using Gauss-Seidel method and the first iteration as (0, 0, 0), calculate the next three
iterations for the solution of the system of equations :
5x - y + z = 10
2x + 8y - z = 11
- x + y + 4z = 3.
4. Obtain the cubic spline approximation for the function defined by the data
x 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 2 33 244
with M(0)=0, M(3)=3. Hence find the estimate of f(2.5) .
5. Find the remainder of the Simpson three-eighth rule
3h
x0 f ( x)dx 
x1
 f ( x0 )  3 f ( x1 )  3 f ( x2 )  f ( x3 )
8
for equally spaced point xi  x0  i h, i  1, 2,3 . Use this rule to approximate the value
1 dx
of the integral I  
0 1 x

***********************