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The document contains solutions to 5 quiz questions about metric spaces and continuous functions between metric spaces. Question 1 asks about the indicator function of a set A in a metric space X and proves it is continuous if and only if A is both open and closed (clopen). Question 2 shows that a metric space X is connected if and only if the only continuous functions from X to Z are constant functions. Question 3 proves that if f is a surjective isometry between metric spaces, then f is a homeomorphism. Question 4 shows that a point x in a metric space X is a limit point if and only if the subset X minus x is dense in X. Question 5 proves that

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42 views1 page

A A A 1 A 1 A N N N C N N N

The document contains solutions to 5 quiz questions about metric spaces and continuous functions between metric spaces. Question 1 asks about the indicator function of a set A in a metric space X and proves it is continuous if and only if A is both open and closed (clopen). Question 2 shows that a metric space X is connected if and only if the only continuous functions from X to Z are constant functions. Question 3 proves that if f is a surjective isometry between metric spaces, then f is a homeomorphism. Question 4 shows that a point x in a metric space X is a limit point if and only if the subset X minus x is dense in X. Question 5 proves that

Uploaded by

shekhawatmahaveer
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Quiz 2

(1) Let X be a metric space A ⊂ X. Suppose 1A : X → R is the indicator function


of the set A. Prove that 1A is continuous iff A is a clopen set.
Solution: If 1A is continuous, then A = 1−1 −1
A ({1}) is closed and A = 1A ((1/2, 3/2))
is open. Suppose A is both open and closed. Let xn → x in X. Then there is
a m such that either xn ∈ A for all n ≥ m or xn ∈ Ac for all n ≥ m. Thus,
f (xn ) = 1 for all n ≥ m or f (xn ) = 0 for all n ≥ m. Thus, f (xn ) → f (x).
(2) A metric space X is connected if and only if constant functions are the only
continuous functions from X into Z.
Solution: If X is connected and f : X → Z is continuous, then f (X) is con-
nected. Since the only connected sets in Z are singleton, f is constant.
If constant functions are the only continuous functions from X into Z, let A be
a clopen set in X, let f = 1A . Since A is clopen, f is continuous. By assumption
f has to be constant, hence A = ∅ or A = X.
(3) Let (X, d) and (Y, ρ) be metric spaces and f : X → Y be a surjective isometry.
Prove that f is a homeomorphism.
Solution: f is an isometry if d(a, b) = ρ(f (a), f (b)). If f (a) = f (b), then
d(f (a), f (b)) = 0 = d(a, b) which implies a = b. Thus, f is one-one. Hence
f −1 exists. Now xn → x in X iff 0 = lim d(xn , x) = lim ρ(f (xn ), f (x)) iff
f (xn ) → f (x). So, f and f −1 is continuous.
(4) Let X be a metric space and x ∈ X. Then x is a limit point of x if and only if
X \ {x} is dense in X.
Solution: If x is a limit point of X, let U be any nonempty open set in X. If
x ∈ U , then U \ {x} ∩ X 6= ∅ ⇒ U ∩ X \ {x} 6= ∅. That is, X \ {x} is dense in
X.
Conversely, if X \ {x} is dense in X, then for any t > 0, Nt (x) meets X \ {x}
⇒ Nt (x) \ {x} meets X. Thus, x is a limit point of X.
(5) Let X and Y be metric spaces and f : X → Y be an isometry. Suppose X is
complete and Y is compact. Prove that f (X) is compact.
Solution: Since Y is compact, it is sufficient to prove that f (X) is closed. Let
(bn ) be a sequence in f (X) such that bn → b. There are an ∈ X such that
f (an ) = bn . Since (bn ) is convergent, (bn ) is Cauchy, hence (an ) is Cauchy as f
is an isometry. Since X is complete, an → a ∈ X, hence f (an ) → f (a). Thus,
b = f (a) ∈ f (X). Thus, f (X) is closed.

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