CHUNG CHENG HIGH SCHOOL (MAIN)

Sec 3 Additional Mathematics

Chapter 13 – Further Trigonometric Identities

Name : _______________( ) Date : ______ Class : ____

In this chapter, you will learn to

 Apply the addition formulae to solve trigonometric equations
 Prove identities by applying the addition formulae
 Apply the double angle formulae to solve trigonometric equations
 Prove identities by applying the double angle formulae
 Apply the R-formulae to solve trigonometric equations
 Prove identities by applying the R-formulae
 Apply the factor formulae to solve trigonometric equations
 Prove identities by applying the factor formulae

13.1 Addition Formulae

cos ( A−B )=cos A cos B+sin A sin B tan A + tan B Summary

tan ( A+B )=
1−tan A tan B sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B
cos ( A+B )=cos A cos B−sin A sin B
tan A−tan B cos  A B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
tan ( A−B )=
sin ( A +B )=sin A cos B+cos A sin B 1+ tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
tan  A  B  
sin ( A−B ) =sin A cosB−cos A sin B 1 tan A tan B

Example

1. 25 3
Given that tan ( A−B )= and that tan A= , find the exact value of tan B .
24 4

25
tan( A  B ) 
24
tan A  tan B 25

1  tan A tan B 24
24 tan A  24 tan B  25  25 tan A tan B ----------------(1)

3
tan A 
Substitute 4 into (1):

1
 3 3
24    24 tan B  25  25   tan B
4 4
3
42 tan B  7
4
28
tan B  
171
2. Find all the angles between 0 ° and 360 ° which satisfy
3 sin x=2 cos ( x+ 45 ° )

3sin x  2 cos( x  45 )

3sin x  2 cos x cos 45  2sin x sin 45
 1   1 
3sin x  2 cos x    2sin x  
 2  2
 3  2  sin x  2 cos x
2
sin x  cos x
2
sin x 2

cos x 3  2
tan x  0.3084
x  17.8 ,197.8 (to 1 dec. pl.)

Practice Question

1. sin ( A + B ) 2
Given that = , find the value of tan A cot B.
sin ( A−B ) 3

2
 (Ans: −5)

2. Find all the angles between 0 ° and 360 ° which satisfy

2 tan x+ 3 tan ( x−45 ° )=0
Take Note !
Your calculator is in degree mode.

(Ans: x=26.6 ° ,108.4 ° , 206.6 ° ,288.4 °

)

3. Find all the angles between 0 and 2 π for which satisfy

cos ( x−0.4 )=3 sin x .

Take Note !
Your calculator is in radian mode.

3
 (Ans: x=0.339 , 3.48)

4. Prove the identity

sin ( A + B)
tan A+ tan B=¿ ¿
cos A cos B

Homework : Ex 13.1 Q5a, 6d, 7e and 9b.

13.2 Double Angle Formulae

Double Angle Formulae Half Angle Formulae

sin 2 A=2 sin A cos A

sin A=2 sin ( A2 )cos ( A2 )
cos2 A=cos2 A−sin2 A
¿ 2 cos2 A−1
¿ 1−2 sin2 A

4
 2 tan A
tan 2 A=
1−tan 2 A
cos A=cos2 (2A )−sin ( 2A )
2

A
¿ 1−2 sin ( )
2
2
A
¿ 2 cos ( )−1
2
2

A
tan A=
( 2)
2 tan

A
1−tan ( ) 2
2

Using the Double Angle Formulae, we can derive a set of formulae of higher multiple angles such as:

sin 4 A cos10 A tan 6 A

sin 22 A cos18 A tan 14 A

sin 4A = sin 2(2A) cos 10A = cos 2(5A) tan 6 A=tan 2 ( 3 A )

= 2 sin 2A cos 2A 2
=cos 5 A−sin 5 A 2
2 tan3 A
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A =
¿1−2 sin2 5 A 1−tan 2 3 A
¿2 cos2 5 A−1
tam 14 A=tan 2 ( 7 A )
sin 22A = sin 2(11A) cos 18 A=cos 2( 9 A )
= 2 sin 11A cos 11A 2 2 2 tan 7 A
=cos 9 A−sin 9 A =
2 1−tan 2 7 A
¿ 1−2 sin 9 A
¿ 2 cos2 9 A−1

Example

1. Without using a calculator, evaluate sin 2 67.5 °.

5
 1  2sin 2 67.5  cos 2  67.5 
1  2sin 2 67.5  cos135
1  2sin 2 67.5   cos 45
1
1  2sin 2 67.5  
2
 1  1 
sin 2 67.5  1   
 2  2 
2 1
sin 2 67.5 
2 2

2. Find all the angles between 0 ° and 360 ° which satisfy

4 sin y cos y=1

4sin y cos y  1
2sin 2 y  1
1
sin 2 y 
2
2 y  30 ,150 ,390 ,510
y  15 , 75 ,195 , 255

6
 3. sin ϑ 1
Prove that =tan ϑ .
1+ cos ϑ 2

sin ϑ  
2sin cos
sinϑAϑ
1+ cos 2 2

1  cos A  2 
1   2 cos  1
 2 
 
2sin cos
 2 2

2 cos 2
2

sin
 2

cos
2

 tan (proved)
2

Practice Question

1. Without using a calculator, evaluate

2 tan 15 °
1−tan 2 15 °

7
 1
(Ans: )
√3
2. Find all the angles between 0 and 2 π inclusive for which
2 cos 2 x=11 cos x+ 1
Take Note !
Your calculator is in radian mode.

(Ans: x=1.82 , 4.46 )

3. 3
A is an obtuse angle and sin A= √ . Find, without using a calculator, the value of
2
(a) cos 2 A
1
(b) cos A
2

8
 −1 1
(Ans: (a) , (b) )
2 2

4. Prove the identity

ϑ 2
sec 2 =
2 1+ cos ϑ

Homework: Ex 13.2 Q1a, 2d, 6a, 6d and 7a.

13.3 R – Formulae

a sin θ+b cosθ ≡ R sin ( θ+α ) Take Note!

where R= √a 2 +b 2 R-formula is not
a sin θ−b cosθ ≡ R sin ( θ−α ) provided in the
b b exam formula sheet.
a cosθ+b sinθ ≡ R cos (θ−α )
tan α =
a
⇒ α =tan−1
a ()
a and b are positive
α is acute
a cosθ−b sin θ ≡ R cos ( θ+α )

Example

1. Find the maximum and minimum values of 3 sin ϑ−4 cos ϑ and the corresponding values of ϑ , where
0 ° <ϑ<360 ° .

9
 R 32  42  5
4
tan      53.13
3

3sin   4 cos   R sin       5sin    53.1 

1  sin    53.1   1   5  5sin    53.1   5

Hence, 3sin   4 cos  has a maximum value of 5 when sin    53.1   1

i.e. when   53.1   90
  143.1
Its minimum value is  5 when sin    53.1    1
i.e. when   53.1   270
  323.1
2. Find all the angles between 0 ° and 360 ° which satisfy
6 cos x−2sin x=3.5

R  62  22  40  2 10
2
tan      18.43
6

6 cos x  2sin x  3.5

2 10 cos  x  18.43   3.5
cos  x  18.43   0.5534
x  18.43  56.40,303.60
x  38.0, 285.2 (to 1 dec pl)

Practice Question

1. Find the maximum and minimum values of 4 sin ϑ+3 cos ϑ−2 and the corresponding values of ϑ,
where 0 ° <ϑ<360 °.

10
 (Ans: max is 3 and ϑ=53.1°, min is −7 and ϑ=233.1°)

2. Find all the angles between 0 ° and 360 ° which satisfy

√ 3 sin x −cos x=1

(Ans : x=60 ° ,180 °)

3. Solve 2 cot x=3+2 cosec x for 0 ° < x <360°.

11
 (Ans: x=247.4 °)
Homework: Ex 13.3 Q3b, 4a, 5a and 7.

13. 4 Factor Formulae

Factor Formulae Quick tip to commit to memory

Sum of two sines
sin X +sin Y =2sin ( X +Y
2 ) cos (
X −Y
2 ) = 2 sin (half-sum) cos (half-difference)
X +Y X−Y Difference of two sines
sin X−sinY =2 cos ( ) sin (
2 2 ) = 2 cos (half-sum) sin (half-difference)
X +Y X −Y Sum of two cosines
cos X + cos Y =2 cos ( ) cos (
2 2 ) = 2 cos (half-sum) cos (half-difference)
X +Y X −Y Difference of two cosines
cos X −cos Y =−2 sin ( ) sin (
2 2 ) = −2 sin (half-sum) sin (half-difference)

Example

1. Without using a calculator, evaluate

cos 105 ° +cos 15 °

1 1
cos105  cos15  2 cos  120  cos  90 
2 2
 2 cos 60 cos 45


 1  1 
 2   
 2  2 
1

2

12
2. Find all the angles between 0 ° and 180 ° inclusive for which
cos 3 x−2 sin 2 x =cos x

cos 3x  2sin 2 x  cos x

cos 3 x  cos x  2sin 2 x  0
1 1
2sin  3 x  x  sin  3 x  x   2sin 2 x  0
2 2
2sin 2 x sin x  2sin 2 x  0
2sin 2 x(sin x  1)  0
sin 2 x  0 or sin x  1  0
2x  0,180,360 or sin x  1
x  0,90,180 or no solution within range

Practice Question

1. Without using a calculator, evaluate

cos 75 °−cos 165°

13
 3
(Ans:
√ 2
)

2. Find all the angles between 0 ° and 180 ° inclusive for which

sin 3 x+ sin 2 x=0

(Ans: x=0 ° , 72° ,144 ° , 180 °)

3. Find all the angles between 0 and π inclusive for which
sin 2 x+ 4 sin 3 x=−sin 4 x

14
 π 2π
(Ans: x=0 , , ,π)
3 3

4. Prove the identity

cos A−cos 5 A
=sin 2 A
2 sin 3 A

5. The diagram shows two right-angled triangles with their right angles at B and N. The sides OB
and AB are of length 6 cm and 2 cm respectively. The line OB is inclined at the angle ϑ to ON .
The line AM is perpendicular to ON .
(a) Show that OM =6 cos ϑ−2 sinϑ
(b) Find the value of R and of α for which OM =R cos ( ϑ+α )
(c) Find the particular value of ϑ for whichOM =5cm.
(d) IN the diagram state which line has a length of R cm and which angle has a value of α .
(e) Express AM in terms of R and ( ϑ+ α ) .
(f) Show that the area of triangle OAM is 10 sin 2 ( ϑ+ α ) .
(g) Given that ϑ can vary, find the maximum value of the area of the triangle OAM and the
corresponding value of ϑ.

P 15
Q
16
 (Ans: (b) 2 √ 10 cos (ϑ+ 18.435° ) , (c) ϑ=19.3, (g) 10 cm2, ϑ=26.6 °)
Homework : Ex 13.4 Q 2a, 4a, 5b and
Miscellaneous Exercise 13 Q10

17