Capiz Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan 2008 2013

Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan 10
Province of Capiz
Republic of the Philippines

PROVINCE OF CAPIZ
Roxas City
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
FORE WORD
We, who have been entrusted with great responsibility at the helm of
the administration of the Province of Capiz, have always been concerned how
to rationalize development in terms of addressing the needs and requirements
of our populace. This has to be done with wise preservation, conservation and
sustainable utilization of our precious natural resources, especially the use of
land, and proper use of fiscal resources to pursue our development agenda of
“Labi sa Tanan ang Tawo”.
The formulation, therefore, of this Provincial Development and Physical

Framework Plan (PDPFP), aims to strengthen the interface between local and
national governments as well as the complementation between and among all
LGU levels in planning, investment programming, revenue administration,
budgeting and expenditure management.
In the context of reshaping and achieving the province’s desired socio-

economic development goals, I have organized the Provincial Core Team and
reactivated the Provincial Land Use Committee (PLUC) and the Provincial
Land Use Committee-Technical Working Group (PLUC-TWG) through
Executive Order No. 17, Series of 2008, to serve as technical arm in the
formulation and completion of this PDPFP for the period 2008-2013. This Plan
is a concrete step in establishing a favorable environment to promote local
investments both by the public and private sectors with impact on national
development.
We encourage our people to use this document since it contains a

wealth of relevant information on our province’s future development direction.
VICTOR A. TANCO
Governor
Province of Capiz
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The formulation of this Provincial Development and Physical

Framework Plan (PDPFP) is the outcome of a Memorandum of Agreement
between the Capiz Province and the National Economic Development
Authority (NEDA) with the assistance from the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) which formulated the guidelines on Provincial/Local Planning and
Expenditure Management (PLPEM) that is consistent with DILG-NEDA-DBM-
DOF Joint Circular No. 1, series of 2007. Its completion would not have been
possible without the valuable support and assistance of several individuals
and entities.
To the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) –

Region VI headed by OIC Regional Director Ro-Ann A. Bacal and her staff
Atty. Raul Anlocotan, Maria Lourdes Miado, Gil Altura, Ma. Isabel B. Blancia,
Erlinda Chiu, Ma. Teresa Guadalupe, Othelo Derecho for their technical
assistance in completing this Plan;
To the officials and personnel of the different national government

agencies like Philippine National Police, Department of Education for making
available the data needed in this Plan;
Foremost, to the collaborative effort of the Provincial Land Use

Committee Technical Working Group (PLUC-TWG) headed by Mr.
Antonio V. Asis, Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator, as
Chairman and Mr. Stephen A. Bediones as Vice-Chairman, and all its
members, Engr. Julius Abela (DPWH), Mr. Frankie D. Dordas (NSO), Mr.
Edwin C. Borja (DENR), Mr. Anthony Arostique (DAR), Ms. Angelita Colmo
(DTI), Ms. Clyne B. Deocampo (DILG), Engr. Eugene Gomez (OPA), Ms.
Elvira D. Trogo (PPDO), Engr. Barth A. Rivera (PPDO), Mr. Wilar C. de los
Santos (PPDO), Ma. Regina B. Espinosa (PPDO), Ms. Diva B. Tarrosa
(PPDO), Ms. Manuela A. Besana (PPDO), Ms. Marivic A. Besana (PPDO),
Ms. Ramillyn Joy O. Bebita (PPDO), Mr. Danilo C. Ortiz (PPDO),
Mr. Allain Cartujano (PPDO) and Mr. Mark A. Gonzales (PPDO) for their
cooperation specially during trying moments;
And to everyone including those who we failed to mention but helped a

lot, we thank you most sincerely.
Province of Capiz
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
1 Core Elements and Sectors 7
2 Data Requirements 7a
3 Total Land Area, Capiz, by District/Municipality/City, 13

2008
4 Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, 14

Area, by Province, Philippines, 2000 and 2007
5 Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, 16

Area, by City/Municipality, 2000 and 2007
6 Population Shares, Capiz, by City/Municipality, 1995, 16

2000, 2007
7 Estimated Population and Density, Capiz, by 24

City/Municipality, 2013
Name of Island, Location and Ares (Ha.), Province of 34
Capiz: 2009
8 Land Classification, Capiz, by municipality/city 45
9 Land suitability, Capiz, by municipality/city 47
10 Protection areas, Capiz, by municipality/city 54
11 Data Matrix: Total family income (PhP M) by 62

household head, by kind of business/industry, Region
VI, by province, 2000
12 Joint Probability: Shares of family Income (%) by 63

household head, by kind of business/industry, Region
VI, by province, 2000
13 Concentration: Total family income (%) by household 64

head, by kind of business/industry, Region VI, by
province, 2000
14 Specialization: Total family income (%) by household 65

province, 2000
Province of Capiz
TABLE TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
15 Location Quotients: Total family income by household 75

province, 2000
16 Population 15 Years and Over, by Employment 97

Status, Region VI, by Province , January 2001, 2002
and 2003 (in Thousands)
17 Total and Average Family Income, Region VI, by 99

Province, 1994, 1997 and 2000
Households in Occupied Housing Units, Capiz by 114

Tenure of the Housing Unit by municipality/city, 2000
Occupied Housing Units by Condition (State of 115

Repair) of the Building by municipality/city, 2000
18 Local Service Standards vs. Capiz Province Existing 131

Trends, 2007
19 Existing Land Use Distribution, Capiz, 2002 and 2007 150
21 Issues/Problems, Goals, and Objectives/Targets, 175

Capiz
22 Strategies, Programs, and Projects Derived from 178

Income/Access to Services
23 Strategies, Programs, and Projects Derived from 185

Land Use
24 Summary Matrix 188

Province of Capiz
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
1 Vertical and Horizontal Linkages of the PDPFP 4
2 Programs, Projects, Activities 5
6 Overall Distribution of the Regional Economy 66
7 Shares of Total Family Income by Household Head in 66

the Agriculture Industry
8 Capiz Shares of Total Family Income by the Head by 67

Business/Industry
12 The planning environment, development issues/ 174

problems, strategies and PPAs
Province of Capiz
LIST OF MAPS
MAP TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
1 Regional Location Map, Region VI 11
2 Province Map, Capiz 12
3 Population Density Map, Capiz 19
4 Annual Population Growth Rate, Capiz 23
5a Built-up Areas Map 29
5b Existing Hierarchy of Settlements Map 30
6 Slope Map 35
7a Geological/Soil Map 40
7b Watershed-Divide Map 41
7c Mineral Resources Map 43
8 Climate Map 44
9 Land Classification Map 46
10 Land Suitability Map 49
11 Protection Areas Map 55
12a Location of Industries and Key Support Infrastructure 68

(Agri-Production Area) Map
12b Location Seafood Industry and Key Support 69

Infrastructure Map
13a Industries with Best and Declining Potentials Map 88
13b Tourism Industry with Best and Declining Potentials 89

Map
14 External Linkages and Internal Circulation Routes 97

(Existing and Proposed)
Province of Capiz
MAP TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
15 Location of Health Facilities, Priority Areas and 106
Proposed Health-Related PPAs
16 Location of Education Facilities, Priority Areas and 115

Proposed Education-Related PPAs
17 Location of Housing Facilities Map, Capiz 119
18 Location of Security Facilities Map, Capiz 123
19 Location of Water and Sanitation Facilities, Capiz 125
20 Location of Power Supply and Facilities, Capiz 127
21 Location of Drainage Facilities, Priority Areas and 130

Proposed Drainage-Related PPAs
22 Location of Solid Waste Facilities, Capiz 131
23 Other Existing and Proposed Facilities 140
24 Existing Land Use Map, Capiz, 2008 154
25 Initial Settlements Growth Map, Capiz 156
26 Initial Settlement Growth and Protection Land Use 159

Map, Capiz
27 Settlements Framework Map, Capiz 161
28 Protection Framework Map, Capiz 164
29 Production Framework Map, Capiz 168
30 Infrastructure Framework Map, Capiz 171
31 Overall Physical Framework Map, Capiz 173
32a Proposed (Major) Drainage and Flood Control 196

Infrastructure, Province of Capiz
32b Post-Harvest Facilities (Proposed) 199
32c Project Map (Tourism) 200
32d Location of Proposed Irrigation Projects 201
32e Roxas City Proposed Circumferential Road 202

Province of Capiz
MAP TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
32f Location of Existing and Proposed Water Facilities, 203

Province of Capiz
32g Recommended/Proposed Infrastructure Projects 204

Province of Capiz
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
NO.
MESSAGE OF THE GOVERNOR i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF MAPS vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1. Historical Background 1
2. Plan Objectives and Context 3
3. Coverage of the Plan 6
4. Outline of the Plan 8
CHAPTER II VISION
1. Vision Statement 9
CHAPTER III PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
1. Location, Land Area and Political Subdivisions 10
2. Population and Settlements

2.1 Regional and National Context: Population Size, 13
Density and Growth Rate
2.2 Population Size, Density and Growth Rate 15
2.3 Existing Settlement Patterns 25
2.4 Summary 31
3. Physical Resources
General Land and Water Characteristics and 33
Resources
Topography and Slope 33
Land and Water Resources 36
Main Geological Features 38
Mineral Resources 42
Climate 42
Land Use Potentials and Constraints
Land Classification 45
Province of Capiz
Land Suitability 47
Protection Areas 50
4. Economy
Economic Structure
External Context of the Local Economy 56
Industry Concentration and Specialization 57
Basic Sectors and Corresponding Industries 57
Potentials for Contributing to Local Economic Growth
Economic Base Industries 70
Local Employment Growth 74
Competitiveness and Market Share 76
Potentials for Local Economic Growth 78
4.3 Local factors
4.3.1 Physical Resources 80
4.3.2 Human Resources 81
4.3.3 Knowledge Resources 81
4.3.4 Capital Resources 82
4.3.5 Infrastructure Facilities 83
4.4. Summary
4.4.1 Overall Structure of the Provincial Economy 85
4.4.2 Industries with Best Potentials for Contributing 86
to Local Economic Growth
4.4.3 Local Factors to Enhance Growth Potentials of 87
Industries
5. Transportation, Access and Circulation

5.1 External Linkages
1. Description of External Linkages 90
2. Linkages and/or Facilities that should be given 92
Highest Priority for Improvement
3. Proposed New External Linkages 94
5.2 Internal circulation 94
5.2.1 Internal Routes and Linkages that need to be 96
Improved
6. Income, employment, service access and poverty

6.1 Employment and unemployment rates 98
6.2 Family income
6.2.1 Average Family Income Levels 100
6.3 Social Services
6.3.1 Health 101
6.3.2 Education 107
6.3.3 Housing 116
6.4.4 Security 120
6.4 Utility/Infrastructure Services
6.4.1 Water and sanitation 123
6.4.2 Power 125
6.4.3 Drainage/ Flood Control 128
6.4.4 Solid Waste Management 131
Province of Capiz
6.5 Other Services and Facilities 137

6.6 Poverty 144
6.6.1 Extent of poverty 145
6.6.2 Location of poverty concentration/prevalence 147
6.6.3 Key conditions and factors contributing to 147
poverty
6.6.4 Poverty reduction strategies, programs and 148
projects vis-à-vis industries and local factors
7. Land Use and Physical Framework

7.1 Existing Land Use, Trends and Potential Expansion 151
7.1.1 Trends 151
7.2 Physical Framework 155
7.2.1 Initial Settlement Growth – Demand (A) 155
7.2.2 Initial Settlements and Protection Land Use 157
7.2.3 Integration of Other Land Use Requirements 160
CHAPTER IV DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, GOALS,

OBJECTIVES/TARGETS
1. Development Issues and Problems 175

2. Development Goals, Objectives and Targets 177
CHAPTER V STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
1. Strategies, Programs and Projects 180
2. Summary of Strategies and PPAs 190

Summary matrix 190
Project map 196
ANNEXES
Tables
Maps
Figures
CASE STUDY
Terms of Reference on the Creation of the Provincial
Agricultural Engineering Office
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Province of Capiz
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Capiz, known as Aklan in pre-Spanish times, is one of the early

settlements of the Malays, centuries before the coming of the Spaniards to the
country. It was part of the Confederation of Madyaas, formed after the
purchase of the island of Panay by the Bornean datus from the Negrito king
named Marikudo.
When Panay was divided into three districts, Datu Bankaya became
the head of the Aklan district. It was in 1213 when the province of Aklan
(including the province of Capiz) was formally organized. Later a pagan pirate,
Datu Kalantiao proclaimed himself head of the Madyaas Confederation and its
districts. As chief of Panay Island, he promulgated the famous Code of
Kalantiao sometime in 1433 A.D.
On May 8, 1570, the Spaniards under Martin de Goite landed and

conquered Panay town and consequently the district of Aklan.
The first governor appointed by King Philip II of Spain was a Spaniard

by the name of Pavis and lived in Panay. After his death, the site of the
provincial or the capital was moved to the town of Capiz (now Roxas City)
which was formerly a pueblo of Panay. The Spaniards moved the capital to
from Panay to Capiz because they discovered that Capiz [Roxas City] was
near the sea where their boats had better docking facilities.
Province of Capiz
The Americans took over the control of the province from the
Spaniards in 1898. A civil government was set up in Capiz on April 15, 1901
by virtue of Act No. 115, An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial
Government Act to the Province of Capiz. Simplicio Jugo Vidal became the
first governor of the province.
The revolution inspired Aklanons to seek the separation of Aklan from

Capiz. Simeon Mobo Reyes, an educated Aklanon who later became the
second governor of Capiz, suggested to Taft that Capiz be divided into two
provinces, i.e, Capiz and Aklan, when the latter came in 1901 to set up a civil
government. Taft rejected the idea. But the idea of separation did not die. In
1956, Republic Act 1414 realized for the Aklanon their dream of having their
own province and thus making Aklan a separate province from Capiz.
Several legends and beliefs claim stories to which the name Capiz
originated. More popular of these is that it comes from the word kapid - which
means twin. When the Spaniards settled in the place, they found difficulty in
pronouncing the name kapid, thus giving birth to the word Capiz.
Another version is that Capiz was also named based on the story that
when the Spaniards came to Capiz, it was the time when Bankaya’s wife gave
birth to twin daughters. Twin is kapid in the local dialect, so that Spaniards
adopted the name Capiz (kapid) as inadvertently mis-communicated to them
by the natives.
Still, some old folks claimed that Capiz got its name from kapis, a shell
of the mollusk family that is very abundant in the place.
Province of Capiz
2. PLAN OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXT
Objectives of the PDPFP
The Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan is the

primary technical guide to the development of the province. The PDPFP’s
objectives are to:
a) Define the overall vision for the province;

b) Provide the analytical basis for understanding existing conditions
and identifying key development issues, goals, objectives, and
targets;
c) Translate the vision into doable strategies towards the attainment of
the goals, objectives, and targets; and
d) Identify programs, projects and activities that are consistent with the
strategies that will serve as inputs to the Provincial Development
Investment Program.
Context of the PDPFP
The PDPFP is a key link in the network of plans covering the national,
provincial, and city/municipal levels. The programs, projects and activities
(PPAs) derived from the PDPFP are the bases for a multi-year Provincial
Development Investment Program (PDIP) and the Annual Investment
Program (AIP). The AIP is the basis for the annual budgetary allocation for
PPAs.
Province of Capiz
Figure 1 shows the vertical and horizontal linkages of the PDPFP:
Figure1
Vertical and Horizontal Linkages of the PDPFP
MTDP/NFPP MTIP
RDP/RPFP RDIP
PDPFP PDIP/AIP
City/Municipal
Development City/Municipal
Plan DIP/AIP
Provincial development plans and investment programs must have

vertical links to corresponding plans and programs at the regional and
city/municipal levels. As shown in the figure above, regional plans and
programs relate with the plans at the national level. Thus, the PDPFP is a vital
link between local development objectives, and regional and national
priorities.
The vertical integration process will require constant coordination of the

provincial government through the Provincial Planning and Development
Office (PPDO). The PPDO coordination will entail meeting with counterpart
planning agencies at the regional, city and municipal levels as well as with
appropriate national government agencies to ensure consistency in vision,
goals and objectives, targets, strategic thrusts and complimentarity of
programs, projects and activities.
Province of Capiz
Based on the provincial development planning and expenditure

management system, Figure 2 below shows the harmonization of planning
and budgeting/investment programming. Investment programming, budgeting
and implementation involve project evaluation and development, which
eventually provide feedback and basis for the next planning cycle.
Figure 2
Programs, Projects, Activities
Investment
Programming
PLANNING
Revenue
Generation
PDIP/
AIP
Project Evaluation
and
Development
Implementation
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Locally
funded
projects
Budgeting
Expenditure
Management
Province of Capiz
3. COVERAGE OF THE PLAN
Historical Coverage
The Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan is a six-

year medium-term development plan (2008-2013) that is guided by the long-
term vision of the province. This coincides with the two three-year terms of
local officials.
As necessary inputs in identifying strategies and PPAs, all analyses

extend beyond the medium-term in consideration of the long-term
requirements.
Geographical Coverage
The political boundaries of the province define the primary level of

geographical analysis. The five other provinces of the region, the region itself
as well as the country are included as benchmarks in some of the analyses.
The component city and the municipalities in the province are the major
level of analytical disaggregation.
Sectoral Coverage
The planning environment of the PDPFP includes all major sectors

relevant to the development of the province Sectoral data should be and
consistent with the municipal/city, regional and national data.
Province of Capiz
The core elements that correspond to the traditional sectors in public

sector planning could be illustrated as follows:
Table 1
Core Elements and Sectors
Core Element Sector
Population Population
Economic Activity Agriculture, fisheries, forestry, trade,
industry, services, tourism
Physical Resources Environment, natural resources transport
Income/Access to Services Health, education, housing, social welfare,
public works, energy, security, other
services and facilities for community
groups such as the elderly, children,
women, indigenous peoples, etc.
Land Use Physical integration of all sectors
Province of Capiz
Table 2
Data Requirements
Core Element/ Sector Data Geographical unit Period Source
Population
 Population  Size, density, growth  Philippines, Region, Latest, NSO,
rate Province previous NSCB,
 If available: age-sex,  If available: other census LGUs
urban-rural province in region,
distribution; migration cities/municipalities
 Map in province,
barangays
Physical Resources
 Environment, natural  Land area  Province Latest sectoral
resources, protection  Characteristics of land  If available: region, census agencies,
forestry resources other province in LGUs
 Land use, land region,
suitability, land cities/municipalities
classification in province
 Map
By transport mode or  Existing and proposed  Province Latest sectoral

industry if available: facilities, routes, levels  If available: region, census agencies,
 Transport and of service other province in LGUs
communication  Map region, cities/
municipalities in
province
Economic Activity
By subsector or industry  Employment, income  Philippines, Region, Latest NSO
if available: or value of prod by Province census sectoral
 Agriculture, fisheries, sector  If available: other agencies,
production forestry  Export products, province in LGUs
 Manufacturing markets, volumes by region/cities/munici
 Trade, industry, sector (if available) palities in province
services  Existing, proposed
 Tourism support infrastructure
 Map
Income and Services

 Employment  Employment/  Philippines, Region, Latest, NSO,
Unemployment rates Province previous NSCB
census
 Income and poverty  Average family  Philippines, Region Latest, NSO,

income Province previous NSCB,
 Poverty indicators  If available: other census LGUs
 Map (if available) provinces in region,
cities/ municipalities
in province
 Housing, Health,  Existing and proposed  Region, Province Latest Sectoral

Education, Sanitation, facilities  If available: other census agencies,
Security  Levels of service of province in region, LGU
 Public works: roads, basic social services cities/municipalities
water supply, solid (health, education, in province
waste, drainage sanitation, security),
 Power; other sectors public works
 Map
 Land Use  Location/maps of  Province Latest LGUs,

above sectors  If available: available sectoral
cities/municipalities , agencies
in province previous
Province of Capiz
4. OUTLINE OF THE PLAN
The contents of the PDPFP are organized as follows:
Vision
This is the province’s long-term vision formulated in a long process of

consultations. This started with a strategic planning workshop participated in
by 149 participants from different sectors. This was followed up by a series of
sectoral workshops and consultations.
Planning Environment
The section is a description and analyses of the social, economic and

physical environment of the province. These descriptions and analyses are
the bases of identifying the various development issues and problems;
strategies; goals, objectives and targets; and, programs, projects and
activities.
Development Issues/Problems, Goals, Objectives and Targets
This section deals with the identified challenges, issues, problems and
opportunities accompanying the task of accomplishing the planned
development goals, objectives and targets.
Strategies, Plans, Programs, Projects and Activities
This deals with the specific strategies, programs, projects and activities
to address the identified development issues/problems and to accomplish
objectives.
Province of Capiz
CHAPTER II
VISION
Gov. Victor A. Tanco assumed office as the 21st Governor of the

Province of Capiz in July 2007. Two months after his assumption to his
present position, he convened a multi-sectoral group in a workshop on August
28-30, 2007 composed of 149 representatives of the different
departments/offices of the provincial government, municipal government,
national government agencies (NGAs), non-government organizations
(NGOs), academe, business and people’s organizations (POs).
The objectives of the workshop are: a) assess the current situation of

the province; b) re-visit the vision and mission formulated in 1998;
c) formulate a new vision and mission, if necessary; d) define the provincial
government’s strategies; and, f) identify and agree on the priorities for 2008-
2010.
Follow up workshops were conducted participated by the technical

working group or special sectoral committees in order to: a) cluster/organize
the identified strategic directions into identification of possible programs,
projects and activities, and, identify PPAs that require policy support; and, b)
finalize the provincial strategic plan.
VISION STATEMENT
“Captivating Capiz: A province with a vibrant economy, healthy

Capizeños, quality and relevant education, eco-cultural tourism and
adequate infrastructure support system.”
Province of Capiz
CHAPTER III
THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
1. LOCATION, LAND AREA AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS
Capiz is one of the six provinces of Western Visayas Region and is

located in the Island of Panay. Shaped like an open palm, it is situated at the
heart of the Philippine Archipelago at 11° 09’ to 11° 40’ north latitude and 122°
11’ to 123° 05’ east longitude.
The province is bounded by the Sibuyan Sea on the north, on the south
and southeast by Iloilo Province, on the southwest by the Province of Antique,
and on the west and northwest by the Province of Aklan.
The capital of the province is Roxas City. The other major urban areas
are: Mambusao, Pontevedra and Dumarao. Capiz is host to one of the biggest
military reservations and is also one of the leading producers of seafood in the
Philippines.
Capiz is composed of 16 municipalities, one component city (Roxas

City) and 473 barangays. The province has two congressional districts. The
first district covers six municipalities and one city while the second district
covers ten municipalities. Roxas City is composed of 47 barangays, of which,
18 are categorized as urban.
Capiz has a total land area of 2,633.17 square kilometers which

constitutes 13 percent of the regional area and one percent of the country’s
total area. Jamindan has the biggest land area with 544.25 square kilometers
followed by Tapaz with 361.25 square kilometers. Ivisan has the smallest land
area with 54.2 square kilometers. Roxas City, the provincial capital, occupies
only 102 square kilometers or four percent of the total provincial land area.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Table 3
Total Land Area, Capiz, by District/Municipality/City, 2008
2
Municipality/City Total Land Area (km ) % Share
CAPIZ 2,633.17 100

District I 775.77 29.45
Roxas City 102.00 3.87
Panay 116.40 4.42
Panitan 89.77 3.41
Pontevedra 133.10 5.05
Maayon 141.40 5.37
President Roxas 77.50 2.94
Pilar 115.60 4.39
District II 1,857.59 70.55
Ivisan 54.20 2.06
Sapian 80.00 3.04
Sigma 101.70 3.86
Dao 72.50 2.75
Cuartero 106.58 6.77
Dumarao 234.40 8.90
Mambusao 118.70 4.51
Jamindan 544.25 20.67
Dumalag 112.40 4.27
Tapaz 432.87 13.72
Source: LMS -DENR Region VI
2. POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS
2.1 Regional and National Context: Population Size, Density and

Growth Rate
As of 2007, the provincial population of Capiz is 701,664 with a

population density of 267 persons per square kilometer and an annual
population growth rate of 0.97 percent.
Western Visayas has a total population of 6,843,643 in 2007. Over the

seven-year period from 2000 to 2007, the region’s population grew by
634,910. Of the six provinces in Region VI, Capiz ranks third in terms of
population size while Negros Occidental ranks first followed by Iloilo Province.
Of the total provinces in the country, Capiz ranks 39th followed by

Western Samar being the number 40 in the list. Cebu province topped the list
Province of Capiz
as the most populated province in the entire country with a total population of
3,848,919 and an average annual growth rate of 2.9 percent.
As to its average annual growth rate, Capiz is one of the lowest among
the provinces in Western Visayas, and even compared with the country’s
average annual growth rate of 2.04 percent.
In terms of percentage growth per annum, Negros Occidental has the

highest (1.44 percent) while Guimaras has the lowest (0.93 percent). Only
Province of Negros Occidental has growth rate higher than that of the region.
Western Visayas posted an average annual growth rate of 1.35 percent
(2000-2007). Again, this rate is lower compared to that of the country.
In 2007, Capiz ranks fourth in Western Visayas Region in terms of

density. Region VI has a density of 338 persons per square kilometer while
Capiz has 267 persons per square kilometer following Iloilo, Negros
Occidental and Aklan in that order.
Given the constant growth rate of 0.97, the province’s population will
double in 71 years, longer than that of the region and country which has 51
years and 34 years doubling time, respectively.
Table 4
Region VI Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area,
by Province, Philippines, 2000 and 2007
Pop.
APGR
Population Population 2007 Density Density Area Area
Province 2000- 2
2000 2007 % 2000 2007 (km ) (%)
2007
Share
Philippines 76,498,735 88,574,614 - 2.04 255 295 300,000.00 -
Region VI 6,208,733 6,843,643 100 1.35 307 338 20,223.30 100.00
Aklan 451,314 495,122 7.23 1.29 248 272 1,817.90 8.99
Antique 471,088 515,265 7.53 1.19 187 204 2,522.00 12.47
Capiz 654,156 701,664 10.25 0.97 248 267 2,633.17 13.02
Guimaras 141,450 151,238 2.21 0.93 233 250 604.70 2.99
Iloilo 1,925,002 2,110,588 30.84 1.13 408 447 4,719.40 23.34
Negros
2,565,723 2,869,766 41.93 1.44 324 362 7,926.10 39.19
Occidental
Source: NSO
Province of Capiz
2.2 Population Size, Density and Growth Rate
2.2.1 Size and Distribution
The 2007 Census of Population revealed that Capiz has a total

population of 701,664 and ranks third among the six provinces. Only ten
percent of the region’s population is shared by the Province of Capiz.
Roxas City, with a population of 147,738, accounts 21 percent of the

total provincial population and occupies 4 percent of the provincial land area.
It ranks sixth among the 17 cities in the region where Bacolod City has the
highest population followed by Iloilo City and Kabankalan City. Quezon City,
the biggest city in the country, ranks number one in terms of population size
with 2.68 million.
Among the municipalities in Capiz, Tapaz has the biggest population in

2007 with a percentage share of seven of the provincial population followed
by Dumarao, Panay, Pontevedra and Pilar with six. Sapian has the smallest
population at 23,552 or three percent share.
Roxas City has a consistent and substantial increase in population

share of 21 percent followed by Tapaz with seven percent, Dumarao and
Panay with six percent. Municipalities with the lowest population shares are
Sapian with three percent, Cuartero and Ivisan with four percent. All the 16
municipalities showed a minimal increase in 1995 and 2000 and a declining
trend in 2007.
The population of Roxas City is expected to grow faster compared to

other municipalities in the province because it offers more employment
opportunities, better commercial, trading, educational and infrastructure
services and facilities. The rapid population growth of Roxas City is attributed
by the emergence of big malls in strategic locations which offer employment
that could trigger in-migration, the establishment and/or the emergence of
classic but affordable subdivisions in coastal, lowland and upland areas, and
presence of development opportunities that attract people from nearby
provinces of Masbate, Romblon and parts of Iloilo and Aklan.
Province of Capiz
Table 5
Capiz Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area,
by City/Municipality, 2000 and 2007
Pop.
Population APGR Density Area
City/ 2007
Municipality % 2000- 2
1995 2000 2007 2000 2007 (km ) (%)
Share 2007
CAPIZ 624,469 654,156 701,644 100 0.97 248 266 2633.17 100
Roxas City 118,715 126,352 147,738 21.06 2.18 1,239 1,448 102.00 3.87
Tapaz 40,809 44,085 47,059 6.71 0.90 122 130 361.25 13.75
Dumarao 38,037 40,303 42,603 6.07 0.77 172 182 234.20 8.89
Panay 39,124 40,599 42,357 6.04 0.59 349 364 116.40 4.42
Pontevedra 38,223 40,103 42,003 5.99 0.64 301 316 133.10 5.05
Pilar 36,464 38,903 40,912 5.83 0.70 337 354 115.60 4.39
Panitan 33,269 37,458 38,666 5.51 0.44 417 431 89.77 3.41
Mambusao 35,632 36,793 37,498 5.34 0.26 310 316 118.70 4.51
Maayon 30,333 32,700 35,448 5.05 1.12 231 251 141.40 5.37
Jamindan 34,022 33,966 34,831 4.96 0.35 62 64 544.25 20.67
Dao 29,266 30,623 31,420 4.48 0.36 422 433 72.50 2.75
Dumalag 28,348 25,920 29,221 4.16 1.67 231 260 112.40 4.27
Sigma 25,801 27,366 28,709 4.09 0.66 269 282 101.70 3.86
Pres. Roxas 24,695 27,531 28,459 4.06 0.46 355 367 77.50 2.94
Ivisan 22,720 24,256 25,882 3.69 0.90 448 478 54.20 2.06
Cuartero 26,477 24,286 25,306 3.61 0.57 136 142 178.20 6.77
Sapian 22,534 22,912 23,552 3.36 0.35 286 294 80.00 3.04
Source: NSO
Table 6
Population Shares, Capiz, by City/Municipality, 1995, 2000, 2007
Pop. Cumulative Population 2000-2007
City/ Pop. 1995 Pop. 2007
2000 1995 2000 2007 %
Municipality % Share % Share
% Share % Share % Share % Share Change
CAPIZ 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 -
Roxas City 19.01 19.32 21.06 19.01 19.32 21.06 1.74
Tapaz 6.53 6.74 6.71 25.54 26.06 27.77 1.71
Dumarao 6.01 6.16 6.07 38.63 38.04 39.38 1.34
Panay 6.27 6.21 6.04 64.56 63.77 64.46 0.69
Pontevedra 6.12 6.13 5.99 81.85 81.58 81.79 0.21
Pilar 5.84 5.95 5.83 75.73 75.45 75.80 0.35
Panitan 5.33 5.73 5.51 69.89 69.50 69.97 0.47
Mambusao 5.71 5.62 5.34 58.29 57.56 58.42 0.86
Maayon 4.86 5.00 5.05 52.58 51.94 53.08 1.14
Jamindan 5.45 5.19 4.96 47.72 46.94 48.03 1.09
Dao 4.67 4.68 4.48 27.92 27.92 29.15 1.23
Dumalag 4.70 3.96 4.16 32.62 31.88 33.31 1.43
Sigma 4.13 4.18 4.09 93.54 93.47 93.30 (0.17)
Pres. Roxas 3.95 4.21 4.06 85.8 85.79 85.85 0.06
Ivisan 3.64 3.71 3.69 42.27 41.75 43.07 1.32
Cuartero 4.24 3.72 3.61 23.25 23.24 24.67 1.43
Sapian 3.61 3.50 3.36 89.41 89.29 89.21 (0.08)
Source: NSO
Province of Capiz
2.2.2 Density and Urbanization
Capiz has a density of 267 persons per square kilometer. Roxas City
showed the highest population density with 1,448 persons per square
kilometer in 2007. Of the 16 municipalities, Ivisan has the highest density at
478 persons per square kilometer followed by Dao at 433 persons per square
kilometer and Panitan, 431 persons per square kilometer. There are 11
municipalities with population densities higher than the provincial average.
Jamindan and Tapaz, having the biggest land areas with 50 percent of it
devoted to military reservation, have the lowest densities at 64 and 130
persons per square kilometer, respectively.
Ivisan has the highest density among the 16 municipalities and is

expected to benefit from the spill-over growth of Roxas City as it is its
southwest boundary and nearest to Roxas City in the Second District of
Capiz.
Comparing the density maps from 1995, 2000 and 2007, only Roxas
City showed a substantial increase in population density which is higher than
that of the province and the region. These are indications that Roxas City,
being the capital city, is an attractive area for settlement. It serves as the seat
of provincial and city governments, entry and exit points for land, water and air
transportations, center for trade and commerce and serves as access to
better goods and services. People coming from other municipalities migrate in
order to have access to these amenities.
Outside Roxas City, other municipalities with increasing population

densities are Ivisan, Dao, Panitan, Pres. Roxas and Panay. These are clear
indications that these neighboring municipalities will become part of the
metropolitan center in the future. The municipality of Cuartero shows no
significant change in population density considering that the increase in
density is within the range of 50-150 persons per square kilometer.
Province of Capiz
The density maps further show that the most significant population
growth in the province is fuelled by Roxas City.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
2.2.3 Growth Rate
From 1970 to 2007, Capiz has a declining trend in annual population

growth of 2.50 to 0.97. This declining trend is attributed to vigorous and more
focused implementation of Family Planning and Responsible Parenthood
Programs, Child and Maternal Care, Adolescent and Youth Development in
order to increase awareness and high acceptance of the beneficiaries. Family
planning report of the Provincial Health Office revealed that there were 47,439
Current Users and 8,622 New Acceptors of the different family planning
methods in 2007.
The declining population growth is further justified by the report on

Crude Birth Rate which showed an average birth rate of 19/1000 population
from 2005 to 2008 and average death rate of 6/1000 population in the same
period. These data showed substantial increase in birth and death rates from
2005-2008 in almost all municipalities including Roxas City.
Likewise, the decrease in population growth rate is also due to out-

migration to other provinces and cities or foreign countries in search for better
employment opportunities. The out-migration as a factor for decreasing
population growth is further justified by high unemployment and under-
employment rates.
Capiz registered an average population growth rate of 0.97 percent

over a seven-year period. Looking at the average population growth rates
from 1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2007, Roxas City reflected a substantial
increase in population with an average population growth rate of 2.18 (2000-
2007). This is followed by the municipalities of Dumalag with 1.67 and
Maayon with 1.12. These two (2) municipalities and Roxas City have growth
rates higher than that of the province which is 0.97.
Aside from births and deaths, migration is another factor that influences
the change of population growth. In view of the unavailability of data in
Province of Capiz
migration, analysis of Table 5 showed that Roxas City has the highest
average population growth rate of 2.18 (2000-2007). This high population
growth rate is attributed to in-migration of people coming from other
municipalities of the province considering the attractiveness of the area as
provincial center where all amenities of development are present. Hence, as
shown in Table 5, it was only in Roxas City where there is a substantial
increase in population from 1995 to 2007. Increases in 16 municipalities are
minimal.
On the other hand, municipalities with the lowest population growth

rates are Mambusao with 0.26, Jamindan and Sapian with 0.35 and Dao with
0.36. The rest of the municipalities have average population growth rates
lower than that of the province. This is attributed to minimal increase in
population for 1995, 2000 and 2007, out-migration for better employment
opportunities, and intensive family planning campaign.
Ivisan, Panay and Panitan have become fast growing municipalities

because of the presence of basic services and facilities and its proximity to
Roxas City.
The municipalities of Ivisan, Panay, Panitan, Pres. Roxas and Dao

have higher densities and are fast growing. In view of their proximity to Roxas
City, the municipalities of Ivisan, Panitan and Panay are considered extension
of the metropolitan centers in the future. Ivisan has a vibrant economy as one
of the major producers of aqua marine products. The municipality is also
traversed by the national highway going to the Provinces of Aklan and Iloilo.
Panitan is a potential industrial area in the future due to the presence of Capiz
Electric Cooperative and National Power Corporation. On the other hand,
Panay’s economy is being fuelled by Roxas City and Pontevedra. It is a
potential residential area next to Roxas City.
The municipalities with low densities and fast growing are Dumarao,
Sigma, Mambusao, Pontevedra, Pilar and Sapi-an. The municipalities of
Dumarao, Mambusao and Pontevedra have vibrant economies being
Province of Capiz
considered District Agro-Industrial Centers of the province. Its location along

the national nautical highway, presence of district hospitals and tertiary
educational institutions add to the fast growing economy of the area.
The rest of the municipalities support each other in terms of providing

inter-municipal services and facilities like Inter-Local Health Zones, tertiary
education and exchange of goods and services.
Outside the province, the adjoining municipalities of Balasan and

Estancia have great influence to the growing economy of Pontevedra, Pres.
Roxas and Pilar while Passi City, Calinog, Altavas Aklan, influence the
adjoining municipalities of Dumarao, Tapaz, Jamindan, Mambusao and
Sapian through exchange of goods and services, trade and commerce.
Municipalities that have high population densities and are slow growing
are: Ivisan (478), Dao (433), Panitan (431), Pres. Roxas (367) and Panay
(364). The proximity of these municipalities to the adjoining minor urban
centers affects the rapid development of these towns.
The five (5) municipalities that have low population densities and are
slow growing are: Jamindan (64), Tapaz (130), Cuartero (142), Maayon (251)
and Sigma (282). This scenario is attributed by different factors such as vast
track of lands in the case of Jamindan and Tapaz, limited access to basic
social, infrastructure and other facilities, intensive campaign on reproductive
health and family planning, limited livelihood/economic activities or
competitiveness and out-migration that contribute to low and slow growing of
their population densities and economic development.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Table 7
Estimated Population and Density, Capiz, by City/Municipality, 2013
Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan
33
Province of Capiz
By the end of the planning period (2013) and given the constant growth
rate of 0.97, the estimated population of Capiz will increase from 701,664 in
2007 to 743,504 or an increase of 41,840 for a period of six years. This will
have an estimated population density of 282 persons per square kilometer.
Consistently, Roxas City has the highest estimated population of 169,533 and
density of 1,662 persons per square kilometer followed by Dumarao and
Tapaz. Dumalag will have the highest population increase of 3,053 while
Sapian has the lowest at 499. Of the 16 municipalities, Ivisan will have the
highest estimated population density of 504 followed by Dao with 443 and
Panitan with 442. Municipalities with low densities are Jamindan and Tapaz.
These are indications that settlements near Roxas City grow faster due to spill
over of development.
2.3 Existing Settlement Pattern
Out of the total land area of 2,633.17 km2 of the province, 556.33 km2
delineated as built up areas are allocated for residential, commercial,
institutional and industrial uses brought about by rapid urbanization.
Roxas City has the highest built up area of 44.96 square kilometers, an
increase of 30.57 from the previous plan of only 14.38 square kilometers. The
big change or increase in the area is mainly due to the increase in the urban
barangays from 18 to 31. The expansion of urban barangays will result to the
delineation of more areas for urban uses such as residential, commercial,
institutional and industrial.
In cases of municipalities, built up areas are clustered barangays within

the Poblacion center. It is usually composed of two or more barangays where
large settlements for residential, commercial, institutional and industrial are
situated. Built up areas are also visible along the national highway going to
Iloilo, Aklan and Balasan, Iloilo where access to transportation is one of the
considerations.
Province of Capiz
Municipalities with large built up areas are Panay, Pontevedra, Sapian,

Mambusao and Ivisan. Most of these municipalities have expanded their
growth centers outside the town proper to spread development all over the
municipality. Others have increased their areas for socialized housing facilities
to cater the future needs for housing. The presence of large institutions like
state universities in the municipalities of Pontevedra, Mambusao, Tapaz,
Pilar, Sapian as well as hospitals in Pontevedra, Mambusao, Tapaz,
Jamindan and Roxas City require additional spaces for residential and
commercial uses within the vicinity.
In rural areas, built up areas are usually visible within the barangay
centers where schools, barangay halls, barangay health centers and satellite
markets are present. Naturally, most people settled in these areas in order to
have access to goods and services.
In the existing hierarchy of settlements, Roxas City is classified as

Major Urban Center having three satellite municipalities: Panay, Ivisan and
Panitan with an urban population of 147,738. Based on the standard set by
the guidelines, Roxas City falls between 100,000-400,000 population bracket.
The remaining 16 municipalities are categorized as small/medium towns. The
top five municipalities in terms of population are as follows: Tapaz, Dumarao
for the second district; and Panay, Pontevedra and Pilar for the first district.
Minor urban centers with population that falls between 25,000 to

50,000 are Pontevedra, Mambusao, and Dumarao.
Roxas City is the most densely populated with highly developed

settlement areas/subdivisions in the province. It is the commercial and
education center that caters to the needs of the province and neighboring
provinces of Masbate, Romblon and parts of Iloilo and Aklan. It is also the
provincial production and distribution area. Due to the emergence of housing
subdivisions, it is tagged as the resting/retirement haven of the overseas
contract workers and the retirees. Schools and big malls in Roxas City also
contribute to the rapid growth of its population.
Province of Capiz
Of the 16 municipalities, the municipalities of Dumarao, Pontevedra

and Mambusao are considered as District Agro-Industrial Centers (DAICs)
and minor urban centers of the province where the exchange/barter of
products, goods and services take place. The three minor urban centers have
its corresponding catchment areas or satellite municipalities. In Mambusao,
the satellite municipalities are Sapian, Sigma, Dao and Jamindan. For
Dumarao, its satellite municipalities are Dumalag, Tapaz, and Cuartero.
These two minor urban centers are found in the second district of the
province. In the first district, Pontevedra is classified as minor urban center
among the six municipalities and its satellite municipalities are Pres. Roxas,
Pilar and Maayon. Majority of the municipalities have identified their satellite
barangays which support the municipalities in terms of its agricultural
production and shares its infrastructure and social facilities and amenities.
Population growth in the municipalities is concentrated mostly along

the highways, in the Poblaciones and in satellite barangays where functions
like parks, roads, markets, cockpits, cemeteries and schools are found.
Current data show that urban population for every municipality is below 5,000.
This figure will not qualify to the next level of hierarchy.
The functional roles of Roxas City, as stipulated in the Comprehensive

Land Use Plan, are the following: northern Panay commercial center; center
of education or academic excellence; entry point of tourists; center in the
delivery of basic health services and facilities; commercial and trade center;
garden center of Panay; settlement center of the province; seafood capital of
the Philippines; and seat of national government agencies and other
government and non-government entities.
Generally, the functional roles of minor urban centers based on its

development plans are the following: industrial, trading, residential and
academic center; rice, orchard and fruit producers; center of diversified
agricultural farming; commerce and trade, investment and Agro-Industry
technology center; tourists’ transit and drop off point; producer/supplier of
Province of Capiz
high breed plants like coconut, timber and fruit seedlings; culture/heritage and
arts destination; trading and marketing information center; and national and
provincial agencies field operations center.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Summary
In terms of population, Capiz ranks third among the six provinces of

Region VI and ranks fourth in terms of density with 267 persons per square
kilometer density. It is less dense than that of the region having 338 persons
per square kilometer and lower when compared to the overall density of the
Philippines which is 295.25 persons per square kilometer.
In 2007, the population of the province grew, on the average, by 0.97

percent, higher than that of Guimaras which has the smallest population
growth rate at 0.93 percent. As a whole, Region VI has an average population
growth rate of 1.35 percent and the country has 2.04 percent.
At the end of the planning period in 2013, the province will have a total
increase of 41,840 people, of which, 50 percent is from Roxas City (21,795)
and the remaining population increase is distributed among the 16
municipalities. It is observed that municipalities having higher average annual
growth rates also have higher population increase by year 2013.
By the end of the vision period in 2038, Capiz will have a total
population of 1,005,405 or an increase of 303,761 persons.
Population Distribution Trends
Considering their proximity to Roxas City, the fast growing

municipalities are Ivisan, Panay and Panitan. Development from the capital
city has likely spilled over to these areas.
The other fast growing municipalities are Mambusao, Pontevedra and

Dumarao. The latter is one of the District Agro-Industrial Centers of the
province and is near Passi City, a component city of Iloilo.
Province of Capiz
Roxas City, being the center of the Province, has the biggest
population share (21 percent) followed by Tapaz, Panay, Dumarao,
Pontevedra and Pilar. Metropolitan areas are Ivisan, Panay and Panitan.
Based on 2007 population, Tapaz has the potential to be elevated to

the next level large town. In 30 years time, the provincial population increase
will be concentrated in urban areas like Roxas City, and the fast growing
municipalities of Panay, Ivisan, and Panitan and the Poblacions of the rest of
the municipalities.
Figure
Capiz Settlement Hierarchy, Population: 2007, 200 1995
150,000
130,000
110,000
90,000
70,000
50,000
30,000
10,000
it y z ao
y
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a r n ao n n
ao g a s n an ro
C pa ar na
Pi
la
ni
ta s yo da al
a m ox
a sa pi rt e
s Ta Pa ve bu aa in D
Si
g Iv
i
a um te Pa m um . R Sa ua
ox D n am M
Ja D es C
R Po M Pr
1995 2000 2007

Province of Capiz
3. PHYSICAL RESOURCES
3.1 General Land and Water Characteristics and Resources
3.1.1 Topography and Slope
Capiz has flat and rolling hills that stretch from the northern portion
towards the south bordering Iloilo province. In the west, a mountain range
stretches along Capiz-Antique-Aklan border that includes Mt. Baloy, Mt.
Magsalom, Mt. Toctocan, Mt. Tinayuga, Mt. Nangtud and Mt. Mansang.
Mountains found in the south to the eastern portion of Capiz bordering the
province of Iloilo are Mt. Paningraon in the municipality of Dumalag; Mt. Tag-
ao, Mt. Agsubay, and Mt. Karatagan in the municipality of Dumarao; and Mt.
Yating and Mt. Opao in the municipality of Pilar.
Mt. Nangtud, situated in the municipality of Tapaz bordering the

province of Antique, has the highest elevation at 1,728 meters above sea
level. The lowest elevation of the province is at 0.25 meter above sea level.
Average elevation is posted at 866 meters above sea level.
The coastline of Capiz is somewhat irregular. The coastal area facing

the Sapian Bay is hilly while that facing the bays of Capiz and the municipality
of Pilar has extensive swamps and marshes which are usually under water
during high tide throughout the year. Along the coast are small islands which
are of coral and sandbar in origin.
Areas with slope ranging from 0-18 percent cover an estimated area of
871.579 square kilometers representing 33 percent of the total provincial land
area. Slopes less than three percent are designated as Network of Protected
Agricultural Area/ Network of Areas for Agricultural Development
(NPAA/NAAD) and are devoted to irrigated rice/fishpond, while areas with 3-
18 percent slope are for production of cultivated annual crops (rice, corn,
banana, cassava, sugar cane, coconuts, etc).
Province of Capiz
A major portion of the province is relatively rolling with slope ranging

from 18 – 30 percent covering an estimated land area of 1,487.741 square
kilometers representing 56.50 percent of the province’s total land area. These
areas are suitable for cultivation of upland agriculture sand perennial crops
(fruit trees, forest trees and vines). Areas designated as protection forest
cover 273.85 square kilometers or 10.40 percent and have slopes of over 30
percent.
.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
3.1.2 Land and Water Resources
Land Resources
Capiz has a total land area of 2,633.17 square kilometers representing

approximately 13 percent of the total land area of the region. A major portion
of the province’s land area is devoted to lowland and upland agriculture. Other
areas are developed into urban centers where residential, commercial and
industrial activities confine.
The province has small islands and a number of islets. Coastal

municipalities with island barangays are: Pontevedra, Pilar, Panay,
Pontevedra. Barangay Olotayan, an island barangay at the northeastern tip of
Roxas City, is the only and the biggest among the islands covering an area of
more or less 100.42 hectares. Other islands which are claimed by the
province as parts of its territory are: Zapatos Daku; Zapatos Diutay and
Chinela. These are located in Sibuyan Sea east northeast of Roxas City.
Table __
Name of Island, Location and Area (ha), Province of Capiz: 2009
Name of Island Location Area (Ha.)
Olotayan Roxas City 100.42
Zapatos Daku Roxas City 13.01
Zapatos Diutay Roxas City 11.93
Chinela Sibuyan Sea; facing of Roxas City 1.27
Mantalinga Roxas City 1.81
Malakha Basiao, Ivisan 3.18
Mabaay Basiao, Ivisan 4.19
Mahabang Polo 2.82
Marokol Dako 2.45
Marokol Diotay 0.54
Tuad Basiao, Ivisan 1..98
Napti Panay 1.38
Manapao Pontevedra 0.37
Agbanog Pontevedra 6.58
Ameligan Pontevedra 6.64
Bantigue Pontevedra 2.96
Cabugao Pontevedra 2.17
Gabuc Pontevedra 2.40
Province of Capiz
Name of Island Location Area (Ha.)

Butakal Panay 669.29
Agojo (portion) Panay 821.03
Lat-asan Panay 51.03
Pawa (portion) Panay 1,899.01
Buntod Panay 222.32
Er Jamul-awon Panay 1,287.48
Lanipga Panay 324.74
Binantuan Panay 428.26
Bantigue Panay 751.32
Navitas Panay 766.09
Madulano Pres. Roxas 31.31
Pinamihagan Pres. Roxas 136.35
Pandan Pres. Roxas 75.6
Quiajo Pres. Roxas 197.4
Sangkal Pres. Roxas 287.4
Source: MCLUPs
Beaches found in the coastal towns are land resources developed into
tourism zones. Beauty spots like springs, waterfalls, caves and other tourist
attractions found in the municipalities of Pilar, Pres. Roxas, Maayon,
Dumarao, Dumalag, Mambusao and Jamindan also contribute to the
province’s tourist attractions.
Water Resources
The Panay River Basin is a major river basin with a drainage area of
2,181 square kilometers making almost the whole province a watershed area.
The Panay River, which starts from the hinterlands of the Municipality of
Tapaz, empties its water in Tinagong Dagat Bay in the municipality of
Pontevedra and Capiz Bay in Roxas City. It has three major river tributaries.
Mambusao River passes the Municipalities of Jamindan, Mambusao, and
Sigma and pouring out its water to Panay River in Brgy. Duyoc, Municipality of
Dao. Badbaran River, with its head water emanating from the Municipality of
Lemery, Iloilo, passes through the Municipality of Dumarao pouring its water
to Panay River in Brgy. Santo Angel, Municipality of Dumalag. On the other
hand, Maayon River, with its headwater originating from northern portion of
the Municipality of Sara, Iloilo, passes through the municipalities of Maayon
Province of Capiz
and Cuartero and connects to Panay River in Brgy. Pasugue, Municipality of

Panitan. Panay River serves as the main source of water supply for domestic,
irrigation and industrial use in Capiz, especially in Roxas City and its
neighboring towns.
3.1.3 Main Geological Features
The central and southern parts of the province have clay and sandy
loam soil which are suitable for planting sugarcane, rice, corn and coconuts.
These soils are classified into two: 1) soil of the plains and valleys developed
from alluvial deposits washed from the uplands underlain by different kinds of
rocks with color ranging from silky to clay loam; and 2) soil of the hills and
mountains with materials originating from igneous and metamorphic rocks and
to a lesser extent from sedimentary rocks. The color is generally light brown.
The province has 13 soil types: San Miguel clay loam, Alimodian clay
loam, Sara clay loam. Alimodian-Barotac complex, Paraon clay loam,
Louisiana clay loam, San Rafael loam, Bantog Clay, Sapian clay, Sta. Rita
clay, Hydrosol and undifferentiated mountain soil.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
3.1.4 Mineral Resources
Capiz has potential mineral resources such as clay, coal, manganese,

rock phosphate, limestone, silica and construction materials. Although there is
no estimate as to the volume of gold present in Capiz, the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau (MGB) has identified the province to have possible
deposits of metal. The presence of limestone has already undergone
geological investigation and a deposit of 180 million metric tons is estimated.
3.1.5 Climate
The province has two types of climate. The major portion of the
province experiences Type II climate when seasons are not very pronounced.
Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. However, it is relatively dry
from November to April and wet the rest of the year. Dry season occurs in a
minimum period of one month to a maximum of three months.
The western tip of the province covering the municipalities of Tapaz

and Jamindan experiences Type I climate which has two pronounced dry and
wet seasons; wet season with a minimum rain period from June to September
and dry season which lasts from three to six months. Map 8 shows the
climatic map of the province of Capiz.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
3.2 Land Use Potentials and Constraints
3.2.1 Land Classification
Out of the province’s 2,633.17 square kilometers total land area,

1,695.4727 square kilometers are classified as A & D, 937.6973 square
kilometers as forestlands/timberlands and 1.49 square kilometers in the
Municipality of Panay remain to be classified. Among the municipalities,
Jamindan and Tapaz, which have the biggest land areas, have the biggest
share of forestlands. Most of these areas are designated as military
reservations.
Table 8
Land Classification, Capiz, by City /Municipality
Alienable & Classified Unclassified
Total Land Area
City/Municipality Disposable Lands Forestlands Public Lands
(in hectares)
(in hectares) (in hectares) (in hectares)
CAPIZ 263,317 169,547.27 93,769.73 149
Cuartero 10,658 8,196.00 2,462.00
Dao 7,250 7,250.00 0.00
Dumalag 11,240 9,153.00 2,087.00
Dumarao 23,420 16,658.00 6,762.00
Ivisan 5,420.00 3,742.00 1,678.00
Jamindan 54,425.00 22,999.20 31,425.80
Maayon 14,140.00 12,296.00 1,844.00
Mambusao 11,870.00 11,604.00 266.00
Panay 11,640.00 6,274.00 5,366.00 149
Panitan 8,977.00 8,977.00 0.00
Pilar 11,560.00 9,057.00 2,503.00
Pontevedra 13,310.00 6,989.00 6,321.00
Pres. Roxas 7,750.00 5,460.00 2,290.00
Roxas City 10,200.00 9,174.27 1,025.73
Sapian 8,000.00 7,457.00 543.00
Sigma 10,170.00 9,934.00 236.00
Tapaz 43,287.00 14,326.80 28,960.20
Source: Land Evaluation Party, DENR Region VI, 2007
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
3.3.2.2 Land Suitability
The central part of the province, from north to south, is relatively flat to
moderately rolling areas and are mainly used and suitable for irrigated rice
and fishponds. The northern and northeastern tip of the province along the
coastline is ideally suitable for brackish-water fishponds and mangroves. The
slightly rolling areas with a slope of three – eight percent situated in the
southern and eastern part are generally suitable for cultivation of annual crops
(e.g., upland or rain fed rice, corn, sugarcane, etc.) The vast areas adjacent of
moderately rolling to rolling areas, having slope of 8 – 18 percent covering
the central part to the western and north-western part of the province of
Capiz, is suitable for the cultivation of perennial tree and vine crops (e.g.,
coconut, coffee, etc.). Also, these areas are ideal for urban expansion. Areas
with slopes of 18 – 30 percent are preferably suitable for perennial forest/fruit
tree plantation and pasture development. Areas with slope above 30 percent
are preferably suitable for forest plantation or production forest and above 50
percent slope is ideal for protection forest as these areas are prone to erosion
and landslides.
Table 9
Land Suitability, Province of Capiz, by Municipality/City, 2000
Suitability Areas (Hectares)
Province/
City/ TOTAL
Municipality Rice/ Fishpond Cultivated Trees and Production Plantation
Pasture
Fishponds (Brackish) Crops Vines Forest Forest
CAPIZ 52987.43 5077.22 37276.00 82904.49 39407.91 44504.36 98.86 262256.26
Roxas City 4581.28 2097.59 2405.80 1274.62 10359.29
Cuartero 2218.74 4180.06 2168.69 1593.01 10160.50
Dao 5048.76 3514.75 147.03 8710.54
Dumalag 3483.98 1249.99 5039.05 75.70 943.78 98.86 10891.37

Dumarao 3121.21 9316.47 5370.18 3564.09 1219.29 22591.23
Ivisan 647.03 364.85 2650.70 2127.25 5789.83

Jamindan 637.26 414.99 16273.54 7940.97 24613.20 49879.96
Maayon 1386.27 3197.58 5739.14 7691.58 18014.57
Mambusao 3279.31 5870.76 719.76 1905.34 11775.17
Panay 8690.23 2614.78 1810.37 81.92 13197.30

Panitan 3957.46 1929.09 3341.50 9228.05
Pilar 2233.68 2651.89 1326.05 3398.05 9609.67

Pontevedra 3989.96 1627.90 2368.18 1793.32 9779.36
Pres. Roxas 1549.37 2371.26 328.07 3569.70 7818.41
Sapian 3105.29 4585.42 1788.10 9478.81

Province of Capiz
Suitability Areas (Hectares)

Province/
City/ TOTAL
Municipality Rice/ Fishpond Cultivated Trees and Production Plantation
Pasture
Fishponds (Brackish) Crops Vines Forest Forest
Sigma 3402.74 5930.97 472.59 451.48 10257.78
Tapaz 1654.86 8526.41 15909.78 3252.14 15371.27 44714.44

Source:……….
Among the major crops grown in the province are rice, corn,
sugarcane, coconut, mango, banana and lowland vegetables. The top five
rice-producing municipalities in the province are: Maayon, Dumarao,
Cuartero, Panitan and Sigma. For corn production, Cuartero ranks first
followed by Maayon, Sigma, Dumarao and Pres. Roxas. The province is one
of the biggest rice (110,594 hectares) and corn (2,000 hectares) producers in
the region.
Capiz is also tagged as the Garden Capital of Northern Panay growing

various species of orchids, ornamental plants and flowers. Local cutflower
growers have started to supply their products to local and international
markets. It is also a good grazing ground for cattle and for raising swine,
poultry animals and goats.
Coastal areas like Roxas City, Pontevedra, Panay, Pilar, Pres. Roxas,
Ivisan and Sapian supply the aqua-marine products in the markets of the
province and even in Manila and nearby areas like Kalibo in Aklan, Iloilo City
and Passi City. The volume of production is enough for local consumption and
surplus is distributed to these areas.
Panay has the biggest inland fishery area of 6,508 hectares while
Pontevedra and Sapian have 3,348 hectares and 2,026 hectares,
respectively. These coastal municipalities have the biggest volume of aqua-
marine production.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
3.2.3 Protection Areas
Protection areas (Map 11) which include areas under the categories of
NIPAS, Non-NIPAS, environmentally constrained and the military reservations
are described as follows:
a) NIPAS Category
Presidential Proclamation No. 599 declared the Panay River in the

municipality of Tapaz covering an area of 4,350 hectares as Watershed
Forest Reserve. The law was intended to rehabilitate, reforest, develop and
protect the existing vegetation within and surrounding the forest reserve. It
further aims to respond to the existing problem of perennial flooding affecting
the low lying areas of the province and to minimize soil erosion and rapid
siltation of Panay River bed and Tinagong Dagat Bay in the Municipality of
Pontevedra, including other areas within the Panay River Basin.
b.) Non-NIPAS Area
The Non-NIPAS area include forest lands with elevation above 1,000
meters and areas with more than 50 percent slope, mangrove forests, buffer
strips along rivers, encampments, fresh water swamps and marshes, lake and
other inland water bodies. These forest lands are part of the 31,426 and
28,960 hectares of timberland in the municipalities of Tapaz and Jamindan,
respectively.
Other areas with slope 50 percent and above are situated in the
municipalities of Cuartero, Dumalag, Dumarao, Maayon, President Roxas,
Source:
Pilar, Ivisan, Sigma, Mambusao and Roxas City.
Mangrove forests (riverine and plantations) are found in six coastal

municipalities of Sapian, Ivisan, Panay, Pontevedra, President Roxas and
Pontevedra and in the City of Roxas.
Province of Capiz
c.) Areas prone to natural hazards
The municipalities of Sapian, Ivisan, Panay, Pontevedra, President

Roxas, Pilar and Roxas City, which are facing the Sibuyan Sea, are prone to
storm surge.
The municipalities of Sigma, Dao, Cuartero, Panitan, Pontevedra and

portions of Dumalag, Jamindan, Ivisan, President Roxas, Maayon, Panay and
Roxas City are along the stretch of Panay River and its major tributaries.
Thus, they experience perennial flooding contributed by heavy rainfall,
swelling of rivers, tides, denuded mountains, coastal zones, tidal flats,
floodplains, estuaries, and delta.
The province of Capiz is prone to ground shaking during earthquake

due to the presence of tectonic faults situated at Tablas, Pandanan, Negros
Trench, West Panay, Philippine Fault, and Central Negros Fault System.
Roxas City and the municipalities of Panay and Pontevedra, Ivisan,

Dao, Sigma and Sapian are prone to liquefaction contributed by underlying
quaternary alluvium (loose/unconsolidated sediments), loosely compacted
sediments and well-sorted sediments.
d.) Other Environmentally-constrained Areas
Erosion and Landslide Prone Area
The municipalities of Tapaz, Jamindan, Cuartero, Dumarao, Maayon,

Ivisan, Sigma, Pilar, Pres. Roxas, Roxas City and other areas along creeks
and rivers are prone to landslides and erosion due to the natural contributing
factors of very steep slope and kind of soil materials. Massive siltation of river
beds and delta are the result of soil erosion and landslides from upland areas
due to denuded riverbanks, mountains and indiscriminate farming methods.
Province of Capiz
This aggravated by the introduction of manmade development such as

the construction of very steep road cut and highly fractured materials due to
quarrying. The abovementioned environmentally constrained areas, if not
given attention and immediate rehabilitation, will add impact to the
environment.
The irrational activity and indiscriminate utilization of these lands cause

rapid loss of vegetative cover which endangered the area to become prone to
landslides and soil erosion that affect the low-lying areas of the province and
become a contributory factor to global warming and climate change.
e.) SAFDZ Areas
Under the SAFDZ is the Network of Protected Agricultural Area (NPAA)

with an area of 23,448 hectares located on the low lying central portion of the
province. This include the irrigated and the potential irrigable ricelands in the
municipalities of Dao, Cuartero, Dumalag, Dumarao, Mambusao, Maayon,
Panay, Panitan, Sigma and, portion of Roxas City.
f.) Military Reservation
Capiz has one military reservation situated in the municipalities of

Tapaz and Jamindan declared under Presidential Proclamation No. 67 signed
by then President Diosdado Macapagal in 1965 which covers an area of
33,310 hectares purposely for military undertakings only. This comprises a
wide span of timberland areas that serve as watershed of the Panay River,
home of various flora and fauna, wildlife and medicinal plant resources.
Province of Capiz
e) Lake and Inland water bodies
The Panay River and its tributaries, being the main water bodies in the
province of Capiz, has been considered as a protection area and became the
main source of potable water and irrigation. The province is also endowed
with small lakes, swamps and inland water bodies but their presence do not in
any manner affect or put pressure to the environment. Likewise, several man-
made water bodies in a form of water dams and reservoir can be found in the
municipalities of Dumarao, Cuartero, Mambusao, Tapaz and Pilar.
Province of Capiz
Protection Areas, Capiz, by Municipality/City

Table 10
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
4. ECONOMY
4.1 Economic Structure
4.1.1 External Context of the Local Economy
Since latest data are not available, results of the 2000 Family Income
and Expenditure Survey (FIES) of the National Statistics Office was used.
However, disseminated survey results did not include total family income but
only the total number of families within an income range, hence, the average
of the income range, e.g, PhP20,000-29,999 (PhP24,999), was used to
compute total family income.
Classification of business/industry that are used in this analysis are:

a) agriculture; b) wholesale and retail; c) manufacturing; d) community, social,
recreational and personal services; e) transportation, storage and
communication services; f) mining and quarrying; g) construction; h) other
services; and, i) not defined.
Agriculture includes the following sources of income: a) crop farming

and gardening; b) livestock and poultry raising; c) fishing; d) forestry and
hunting; e) salaries and wages derived from agricultural activities; and, f) net
shares of crops, fruits, vegetables, livestock and poultry from other
households. On the other hand, other services include those that are not
clearly identified income from non-agricultural salaries and wages.
Table 11 shows the total number of families by main source of income,

by province. The data used are results of the 2000 Family Income and
Expenditure Survey of the NSO which contains related information that can be
used for analysis.
The total regional family income of Region 6, as of 2000, is P114

billion. Negros Occidental accounts for P44 billion (38 percent) followed by
Province of Capiz
Iloilo with P41 billion (35 percent) and Capiz with P11 billion (10 percent).
Guimaras, being a small province, accounts for only P2 billion or 1.8 percent.
Figure 6 below shows the overall distribution of the regional economy.
In terms of the percentage share of the different services/industry to

the total income of the region (Table 12), other service industries of the
province of Capiz accounts for 4.25 percent, followed by those whose sources
were not defined (2.38 percent). Agriculture accounts for only 2.18 percent of
the total regional income.
4.1.2 Industry Concentration and Specialization
Agriculture is dominated by Negros Occidental with almost half (48.63

percent) of the regional income (Table 13). Iloilo is a distant second with
23.15 percent and Capiz with just 11.78 percent. Iloilo ranks first (41.96
percent) in the wholesale and retail industry considering its position as the
regional center. It is followed by Negros Occidental (33.11 percent) while
Capiz is on the 5th place with just 6.77 percent.
Iloilo dominates the following industries: manufacturing (45.28 percent);

transportation, storage and communication services (44.10 percent); mining
and quarrying (71.74 percent); construction (63.28 percent); and, those
undefined industries (42.34 percent). On the other hand, Negros Occidental
dominates community, recreational and personal services (46.25 percent),
and other service industries (40.28 percent). Capiz generally comes in third in
all types of industry except for wholesale and retail, manufacturing,
construction, and undefined industries.
4.1.3 Basic Sectors and Corresponding Industries
Capiz, being one of the provinces that comprise the Western Visayas
Region, has considered nine major businesses/industries in determining total
family income by specialization.
Province of Capiz
Among these major businesses/industries, agriculture has been

primarily considered with the Province of Capiz ranked third (21.68 percent)
with Negros Occidental (23.59 percent) being the first and Antique as second
(23.38 percent). The province of Aklan (16.17 percent) outranked Iloilo (12.06
percent) and Guimaras (8.76 percent), respectively.
However, in terms of wholesale and retail, the Province of Capiz got

the lowest percentage ranked of 5.00 percent among the six provinces in
Western Visayas Region. The Province of Guimaras being the top with 11.07
percent out ranked the Provinces of Iloilo (8.78 percent), Aklan (8.43 percent),
Antique (7.33 percent) and Negros Occidental (6.45 percent).
For manufacturing, the Provinces of Aklan and Iloilo ranked first with
1.87 percent while Negros Occidental ranked second (1.43 percent) and the
Province of Capiz ranked third (0.86 percent), followed by Guimaras (0.69
percent) and Antique (0.32 percent).
The Province of Capiz shares about 2.43 percent or ranked third in

community, recreational and personal services. The Province of Aklan ranked
first (3.05 percent) in this industry, followed by the Province of Negros
Occidental (2.84 percent). The Provinces of Antique (0.69 percent) and
Guimaras (0.00 percent) were at the bottom in the entire six (6) provinces of
Western Visayas Region.
The Province of Capiz ranked first (4.08 percent) in transportation,

storage and communication services while the Province of Iloilo ranked
second (3.14 percent), third is the Province of Guimaras (2.46 percent), fourth
is Aklan (2.19 percent) and Negros Occidental (1.89 percent) and Antique
(1.13 percent) ranked fifth and sixth, respectively.
Mining and quarrying have no significant contribution in the total family

income in the four (4) provinces, except in the Provinces of Iloilo (0.07
percent) and Negros Occidental (0.02 percent). While in construction industry,
only four provinces obtained double percentage figure. These are the
Province of Capiz
Provinces of Iloilo (0.76 percent), Guimaras (0.42 percent), Negros Occidental

(0.34 percent) and Aklan (0.29 percent).
On the other services industries, the Province of Guimaras top the list
among the six provinces in Western Visayas with 45.56 percent while the
Province of Capiz ranked second with 42.28 percent followed by Negros
Occidental in third with 41.59 percent, Aklan in fourth with 39.57 percent, fifth
is Iloilo with 37.86 percent and Antique ranked sixth with 29.02 percent.
For the undefined services, the Province of Antique ranked first with
38.13 percent, second is Iloilo (33.36 percent), third is Guimaras (31.04
percent) followed by Aklan (28.43 percent), Capiz (23.67 percent) and Negros
Occidental (21.85 percent).
The provincial economy of Capiz like Negros Occidental, Antique and

Iloilo is greatly dependent on agriculture wherein 21.68 percent of the total
family income is derived from this sector. This is mainly because the province
has a vast tract of land area suitable for agriculture such as crop production,
inland and aqua-marine production. The province low-lying and moderately
rolling areas are devoted to perennial crop production such as rice,
sugarcane, corn and coconut. While, coastal and swampy areas of the
province are maximized for fishing and aqua-marine production.
The rest of the family income of the province of Capiz are derived from
wholesale and retail with 5.0 percent, manufacturing, community, recreational
and personal services, and transportation accounted for 0.86 percent, 2.43
percent, 4.08 percent, respectively.
The Province of Capiz compared with other provinces in Western

Visayas poorly performed in wholesale and retail which shares only 5.0
percent of the family income. The Provinces of Guimaras (11.07 percent),
Iloilo (8.78 percent), Aklan (8.43) and Antique (7.33 percent) are among the
provinces that got a high percentage share of the family income in this sector.
Province of Capiz
The manufacturing (0.86 percent), community, recreational and

personal services (2.43 percent) and transportation, storage and
communication services (4.08 percent) contribute a minimal percent shares in
the total family income in the Province of Capiz. While other services,
industries and those which are not defined shares about 42.28 percent and
23.67 percent respectively in the total family income.
The rest of the family income of the Province of Capiz are derived from
wholesale and retail with five percent, manufacturing, CRPS and
transportation account 0.86 percent, 2.43 percent, 4.08 percent, respectively.
The Province of Capiz compared with other provinces in Western Visayas
poorly performed in wholesale and retail which shares only five percent of the
family income. The provinces of Guimaras (11.07 percent), Iloilo (8.78
percent), Aklan (8.43) and Antique (7.33 percent) are among the provinces
that got a high percentage share of the family income in this sector.
The manufacturing (0.86 percent), community, recreational and

personal services (2.43 percent) and transportation, storage and
communication services (4.08 percent) contribute a minimal percent shares in
the total family income in the Province of Capiz. While other services
industries and those which are not defined shares about 42.28 percent and
23.67 percent respectively in the total family income.
The agricultural production maps of Capiz indicate major crops and

commodities that significantly contribute to the local economy as well as to the
total family income of the province. These are irrigated rice, corn, sugarcane,
coconut and fisheries production.
The irrigated rice production of the province of Capiz is situated in the

municipalities of Panay, Pontevedra, Panitan and Maayon in the first district
and Mambusao, Sigma, Dao, Cuartero, Dumalag and Dumarao in the second
district. Major irrigation facilities supporting rice production in the province are
located in the municipalities of Mambusao, Cuartero and Dumarao. The
Province of Capiz
warehouses and offices of the National Food Authority (NFA) are located in
the municipality of Dumalag and Roxas City.
On the other hand, major corn-producing areas of the province are the
municipalities of Maayon, Cuartero, Dumarao, Dumalag and Tapaz.
The major areas in the province of Capiz where sugarcane production

are located in the municipalities of Pilar, Pres. Roxas, Pontevedra, Maayon,
Panitan and Sigma. Other municipalities with areas devoted for sugarcane
production are Dumalag, Dao and Dumarao.
The coastal and fishery areas of the province are situated in the
municipalities of Ivisan, Sapian, Roxas City, Panay, Pontevedra, Pres. Roxas
and Pilar. The support facility for fishery and aqua-marine production like the
fish processing is located in Roxas City.
The tourism and services map of the province of Capiz indicates major
tourism facilities and sites potential for expansion and development as one of
the primary drivers of economic development in the Province of Capiz. These
include the beaches along the coastal areas of the province like Roxas City
and the municipalities of Ivisan, Sapian, Panay and Pilar, the waterfalls and
inland resorts, caves, historical sites and other historical structures spread
through-out the different municipalities in the province of Capiz.
Province of Capiz
Table 11
Data Matrix: Total Family Income (P Millions) by Household Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, Region VI, by Province, 2000
86
Province of Capiz
Table 12
Joint Probability: Shares of Family Income (%) by Household Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, Region VI, by Province, 2000
86
Province of Capiz
Table 13
Concentration: Total Family Income (%) by Household Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, Region VI, by Province, 2000
86
Province of Capiz
Table 14
Specialization: Total Family Income (%) by Household Head, by Kind of Business/Industry, Region VI, by province, 2000
Source: 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey

86
Province of Capiz
Figure 6
Overall Distribution of the Regional Economy
7.22%
7.32%
10.05%
38.11%
1.82%
35.48%
Figure 7: Shares of Total Family Income by Household Head in the

Agriculture Industry
Negros Occ.
Iloilo
Guimaras
Capiz
Antique
Aklan
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%

Province of Capiz
Figure 8
Capiz Shares of Total Family Income by Household Head by
Business/Industry
N o t D ef i ned
O t her S ervcice Ind ust ri es
T r ansp o r t at i o n, St o r ag e &
C o mmuni t y S er vices
C o mmuni t y R ecr eat io nal &

P er so nal S ervi ces
W ho l esale & R et ai l
M i ni ng & Q uar r yi ng
C o nst ruct i o n
M anuf act uri ng
A g r i cul t ur e
0 .0 0 % 5. 0 0 % 10 . 0 0 % 15.0 0 % 2 0 .0 0 % 2 5. 0 0 % 3 0 .0 0 % 3 5.0 0 % 4 0 .0 0 % 4 5. 0 0 %
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
prawn and other seafoods production, food processing such as calamansi

juice, coconut oil, banana chips, kaong, and instant salabat “.
Processed seafoods likewise becomes a potential for economic growth

considering that the industry players are now entering export market for the
processed seafoods such as crab meat, prawn, scallops, oyster meat/sauce
and boneless bangus.
On the other hand, corn being one of the major raw materials in the
production of feeds and bio-fuels are also being considered as potential for
economic growth considering that the province has a vast tract of agricultural
lands suitable for corn production.
Another product or commodity which is being considered as potential

for economic growth of the province is the abaca or internationally known as
Manila hemp, a major raw materials for the production of textile and other
fiber crafts.
Considering its potentials for export, the prawn production has become
a declining industry of the province of Capiz due to the unfavorable
environmental condition that affects prawn culture, the fishery sector of the
province in general remained as one of its major economic contributor.
The decline of the prawn production became the triggering factor for
the fishpond owners to shift into grouper production such as culture of lapu-
lapu, danggit, bulgan, and other brackish water fish species which are in
demand in the local and global market. For seashells, the province is also
known as one of the major producers of angel wings or locally known as
“diwal”.
Province of Capiz
4.3 Local Factors
4.3.1 Physical Resources
The availability and abundance of physical resources of the province of

Capiz became the potent advantage compared to its neighboring provinces in
Western Visayas Region. Its location, being at the northern portion of Panay
Island, is strategic for commerce and trade because of its proximity to Metro
Manila and other major cities where international airports and seaports have
been situated.
More so, that the province of Capiz has a wide array of fertile plains
and rolling hills, rich coastal and fishery grounds suitable for production of the
identified and chosen commodities. This physical resource attributes of the
province is somewhat perfect for production of both crops, poultry and
livestock as well as marine and aqua-marine products that can be maximized
for processing and other related industries the province may have given
optimum priority of support.
Over and above these physical resource attributes, the province is also
endowed with substantial reserve of different minerals and other natural
resources that are critical factors for economic development of the province.
Similarly, the province is likewise gifted with natural and man-made

sceneries potential for eco-tourism industry being one among those potential
industries to boost the local economy of the province. These natural and man-
made structures and sceneries which at present made the province of Capiz
visible in the eco-tourism industry map of the country include its long coastal
beach zones along Culasi area down Barangays Baybay, Dumolog and Punta
Cogon, clean and natural beaches in the municipalities of Ivisan (Virgin Beach
and Coves of Ivisan), Sapian (Gugma Beach), Panay (Buntod Beach), Pilar
(Tucad Reef) and many other unexplored beaches along the island barangays
of Pontevedra and President Roxas.
Province of Capiz
The Island of Olotayan, a thirty (30) minute pump boat ride from
Barangay Banica Wharf, is an excellent diving spot for diving enthusiasts
because of its crystal clear waters, multi-colored fishes and colorful
seaweeds. It is another natural resource that added to Capiz critical
advantage to be considered as an eco-tourism haven in Western Visayas
Region. For the upland natural made eco-tourism spots, the province of Capiz
can also make proud of the different caves, springs and spelunking sites that
can be found in the Municipalities of Dumalag (Suhot Cave and Spring),
Maayon (Igang Cave), Pilar (Pilar Cave), Mambusao (Quipot Cave) and
Jamindan (Suhoton Cave).
4.3.2 Human Resources
The province has substantial supply of skilled and unskilled laborers. It

has the highest and lowest unemployment rates in the region. Employment
status of household population 15 years and over since 1997 up to 2003
ranges from 441,000 to 452,000 persons with 74 percent labor participation
rate in 2003 and an employment rate of 95 percent in 2003. Unemployment
rate, on the other hand, is only six percent in 2003 which is the lowest in the
region.
Majority of the province’s human resources is employed in agriculture

with 51 percent in 2002 which is 22 percent higher than the 1997 data of 40
percent. Non-agriculture sector employs 49 percent in 2002.
4.3.3 Knowledge Resources
With its strategic location, access to education especially higher

learning institution (colleges and universities) is not really a problem in Capiz.
The record of the NSCB shows that the province has 422 government and
nine private elementary schools, 51 secondary schools and seven tertiary
schools in 2007. Major colleges and universities in Iloilo City and Metro Manila
are also accessible to the Capizeños. Annually, around 3,402 graduates (80
percent) out of the 4,254 recorded number of students enrolled in the tertiary
Province of Capiz
level have been produced by the province of Capiz. This does not include the
unrecorded number of graduates from Iloilo City, Bacolod and Metro Manila.
The Capiz State University (CAPSU), a government-owned learning

institution in Capiz, offers courses like agriculture, fishery, veterinary
medicine, commerce, engineering, architecture, education, nursing, computer
science and vocational-technical courses to meet with the employment
demand in the local and global market.
Aside from the learning institutions present in the province, there are
numerous internet service providers within Roxas City and some major towns
in the province that serve as information gateway to the global community and
global market as well. These internet providers were utilized by some
business-minded people in the province as a medium of selling and promoting
major products of the province like cutflower and cutfoliage, processed
seafoods, processed foods and even fresh aqua-marine products.
4.3.4 Capital Resources
Capital is one of the major drivers to any economic activities. It is also

where investment comes from. Capizeños tend to keep their money in banks
rather than invest in productive businesses. Data from NSCB shows that the
province of Capiz has 14 commercial banks, three thrift banks and 15 rural
banks in 2006. These banks have an aggregate amount of deposits of
approximately 5.695 billion pesos waiting to be tapped for investment.
Aside from these banks, there are approximately 20 private micro-

finance institutions present in the province providing micro-finance to informal
sectors such as market vendors, sari-sari store operators and individuals
engage in diversified livelihood ventures. These private micro-finance
institutions operate in the entire province thus providing capital to individuals
even in the most remote villages.
Province of Capiz
4.3.5 Infrastructure Facilities
The good transportation network and other infrastructure support of the

province provide a good environment that could attract investors in the area.
The province of Capiz has its own major infrastructure facilities such as
airport, seaport, transport terminals that facilitates transfer of commodities
from the province to other neighboring provinces and key cities.
However, these existing infrastructure facilities need to be improved

and developed to accommodate more inflow and outflow of the commodities,
economic activities and other forms of undertaking which may affect economic
development of the province.
Similarly, Capiz is likewise known for its manmade structures that

facilitate eco-tourism, political, cultural and economic activities. These
manmade structures which have contributed so much in the development of
the province and its key industries include the following:
 Villareal Stadium – a more or less 10 hectares stadium enclosed

with perimeter fence and equipped with a rubberized oval, a
swimming pool, and a covered gym with centralized air-condition is
a conducive venue for athletic events such as Palarong Pambansa,
Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) games, political rallies,
trade exhibits and cultural events like concerts.
 Capiz Sugar Central – a centrifugal sugar mill situated in the town

proper of President Roxas, Capiz built during the Spanish era has
been regarded as one of the oldest functional mills in the region that
provides employment opportunity for the Capizeños. The mill has
already undergone some renovations and upgrading for higher
milling capacity and efficiency.
Province of Capiz
 Ancestral House of the late President Manuel Roxas – a two storey

building made of hardwood and stone which has been preserved for
centuries became a historical site that is being frequented by
domestic and foreign tourists that visited Capiz. Inside the old
house are some memorable items of the late President Manual
Roxas.
 Roxas City Airport – a five minute tricycle ride from the heart of city
is the Roxas City Airport located along Arnaldo Boulevard, Roxas
City. This airport is among the few safest airports in the country that
significantly contributes to the economic development of Capiz
because it facilitates transfer of goods and people from Capiz to
Metro Manila via Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific flights. This
also serves as an alternate route of commuters in the northern part
of Iloilo province and southern part of the province of Aklan.
 Culasi Port – a 20 minutes tricycle ride from the heart of Roxas City
is the Culasi Port, a domestic docking port of commercial sea
vessels bound for Metro Manila and vice-versa. This sea port has
significantly contributes to economic activities of the province
considering that passengers and goods coming in and out passes
through the port of Culasi.
 Libas Seaport – is one of the major fishing wharves in the province

located at Barangay Libas, Roxas City. This fishing wharf
accommodates docking fishing vessels from Roxas City, Masbate,
Sibuyan, Cadiz City and other adjacent provinces of Capiz.
 Teodoro Arcenas Trade Center (TATC) – is a commercial and

product bagsakan center of the province Capiz located along
Barangay IV, Roxas City. This is one of the busiest public markets
in Roxas City where daily economic activities take place.
Other historical sites in the province of Capiz that are highly potential
as eco-tourism destinations include the centuries old churches in Panay
Province of Capiz
where the biggest bell in Asia is located, the Agtalin Shrine in Dulangan, Pilar
where a huge image of Virgin Mary has been built and regularly visited by
devotees from other parts of the Visayas regions and so many other sites with
aesthetic value worth visited.
4.4 Summary
4.4.1 Overall Structure of the Provincial Economy
The over-all provincial economic structure of Capiz revolves around

agriculture and fishery production specifically of the major crops such as
palay, corn, sugarcane and coconut and fishery and aqua-marine products
such as such as bangus (milkfish), prawn, oysters, kapis shells among others.
Almost 80 percent of the Capizeños depend their major source of income
from agriculture. With this primary consideration and in line with the national
government agenda on food security and poverty alleviation, the Provincial
Government has put premium on increasing agri-fishery productivity by taking
the lead to implement related programs and putting in place support services
and facilities for this purpose.
Crop production is a major component of agricultural activities in the

province. Of the Capiz’s total land area of 263,317 hectares, the total
agricultural area is 110,594 hectares or 42 percent making Capiz as a major
agricultural province in the country. It is one of the biggest rice and corn
producers in the region and as the Garden Capital of Northern Panay, Capiz
farms grow orchids, various ornamental plants and flowers that supply a
thriving cutflower business. Its fertile land is a good grazing ground for cattle
and for raising swine, goats and poultry.
The coastal waters of Capiz constitute one of the richest fishing

grounds in the Western Visayas. Its waters teem with the best gifts of the sea
-blue marlin, tuna, prawns and shrimps, crabs, eel, shellfish and other marine
species. Prawn and milkfish are also cultured in fishponds.
Province of Capiz
Secondary to agriculture and fishery, Capiz province considers also

industries and service sectors as major economic players which provide life
(income and employment) to Capizeños. These industries include processing
like centrifugal sugar (Capiz Sugar Central), prawn and crabs meat
processing (Philips Seafoods), kaong and coconut oil (Tropics &
CASCOFAMCO), calamansi and banana processing (Progressive Women &
ARBsMPC), oyster sauce, among others.
In the service sector, restaurants, hotels, resorts, internet café/shops,

transport providers, shopping malls among others has been considered as
another area which plays a major role in the over-all economic structure of the
province of Capiz.
4.4.2 Industries with Best Potentials for Contributing to Economic

Growth
As stated in the previous sections, the industries with best potentials as

major contributors to the economic growth of the province are the cutflower
and cutfoliage, being one that has export potentials, the processed foods and
seafood and the eco-tourism industry.
It is in this context that economic development of the province is

geared towards the development of this industry over and above the
development of the agriculture and fishery industry being the major economic
base of the province of Capiz.
Rice production and other high value crops specifically in low-lying

areas is considered declining industry due to the frequent occurrence of
natural calamities such as floods, typhoons and pests. High cost of farm
inputs also affects production of farm commodities.
Province of Capiz
In aqua-marine/fishery industry the absence or lack of post harvest

facilities, cold storage, illegal fishing and illegal dikes and used of harmful
chemicals contribute to the declining trend in the production of these products.
4.4.3 Local Factors to Enhance Growth Potentials of Industries
Putting all major local factors that enhance growth potentials of

industries in the province of Capiz, the support of the local government units
tops the list. Also, other local factors being considered include, vast tract of
agricultural lands that have potentials to be developed into prime agricultural
production areas of high value crops, rich fishing grounds that can be
developed into marine sanctuaries and protected areas for marine species,
friendly local policies and ordinances that give investors investment
incentives, many areas potential for eco-tourism development and generally
favorable peace and order condition of the province.
Major infrastructure facilities such as generally good condition of major

road networks and bridges connecting the two districts of the province to other
adjacent provinces, good supply of electricity and potable water in Roxas City
and major towns identified as economic development centers of the province
are also the major local factors that enhance growth potentials of industries in
Capiz.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
4.2 Potential for Contributing to Local Economic Growth
4.2.1 Economic Base Industries
The economy of Capiz is primarily dependent on agriculture and

fishery. This is a major source of income for 80 percent of the Capizeños.
With this primary consideration and in line with the national government
agenda on food security and poverty alleviation, the Provincial Government
has put premium on increasing agri-fishery productivity by taking the lead and
putting in place support services and facilities for this purpose. The even
distribution of rainfall throughout the year makes the province highly suitable
for agriculture and aquaculture industries.
 Agriculture Crop Production
Among the major crops grown in the province are rice, corn,
sugarcane, coconut, mango, banana, and lowland vegetables. The province is
one of the biggest rice and corn producers in the region.
As the garden capital of Northern Panay, Capiz farms grow orchids,

various ornamental plants and flowers that supply a thriving cutflower
business. Its fertile land is a good grazing ground for cattle and for raising
swine, goats and poultry.
Cutflower and cutfoliage are grown throughout the Philippines but

industry players are considered small and have confined only to a few
growers. However, for the last few years, awareness on the high return on
investments in cutflower and cutfoliage production encouraged more growers
to venture on it.
Despite larger area devoted to the industry, growing demand remained

unserved because of shortfall in supply. Aside from being dubbed as the
“Seafood Capital of the Philippines”, the Province of Capiz is also known as
Province of Capiz
the “Garden Center of Northern Panay Island” because of its thriving cutflower
and cutfoliage industry. Since 2003, the total area in the Province of Capiz
planted to cutflower and cutfoliage is approximately 400 hectares involving
156 major producers.
The industry export performance in terms of sales is very promising.

The export sales grew from $20,000 in 2003 to $33,303 in 2008, while the
accounted annual domestic sales was P990,425.00.
The industry estimated total direct employment was 1,043 persons.

Indirect employment such as those involved in retailing and flower
arrangement has been estimated more than double than those of the direct
employment.
With the increasing demand of the export market, it is projected that

the cutflower and cutfoliage industry will likely become one of the major
income earner and employment providers in the province of Capiz.
Though perceived as export potential industry, cutflower and cutfoliage

production in Capiz are also faced with major constraints such as high cost of
structures (greenhouse), irrigation and post harvest facilities, planting
materials and lack of infrastructure development of farm to market roads and
bridges. Access to credit sources is another problem confronting the growers
and most of the industry players. On the part of the exporters, volume and
consistent quality are also a problem. Despite these major constraints, the
industry plans to contribute $80,000 to local income by 2011.
The industry shall pursue the following strategies to attain its goal:
1. Focus export development efforts and resources on

products/services where the province has comparative advantage;
and,
2. Enhance competitiveness of the industry.
Province of Capiz
 Fishery and Aqua-Marine Production
The coastal waters of Capiz constitute one of the richest fishing

grounds in the Western Visayas. Its waters teem with the best gifts of the sea
-blue marlin, tuna, prawns and shrimps, crabs, eel, shellfish and other marine
species. Prawn and milkfish are also cultured in fishponds.
Taking its rule as an active contributor to the development of the

province, the municipalities of Pontevedra consider milkfish (Bangus) as its
One-Town-One-Product (OTOP), Pilar for mud crab production, Sapian for
mussels/tahong, Pres. Roxas for marine/inland products, Panay for lapu-lapu
grouper, Tapaz for fancy rice , Jamindan for abacca, and Maayon for nito
based products.
 Processed Foods and Seafoods
Processed food is one of the thriving industries in the Province of

Capiz. It is visualized that the province would have a dynamic food industry
committed to provide quality products where all players are aware and
responsive to the emerging markets, trends and global challenges that will
sustain economic growth and uplift the standard of living of the Capizeños.
From 2002 to 2008, the industry has significantly provided 1,232

estimated direct employment to the province and an investment of
approximately PhP81.76 million.
The industry has also posted an accumulated export sales of $49.98

million and domestic sales of P 63.14 million since 2002 to 2007.1
Since the processed food industry is perceived as a promising industry

that will boost export potential of the province, the following municipalities
have prioritized the processed food as their “one town, one product”,
1
Profile of the Processed Food Industry, Province of Capiz prepared by the Department of Trade and
Industry Capiz.
Province of Capiz
Dumarao prioritized processed calamansi, Cuartero for banana chips, Ivisan

for coco-based product and muscovado sugar for the municipality of Sigma.
Given the potentials of the processed food industry, the industry

players are confronted by several constraints such as limited access to
capital, limited access to technologies and knowledge on current Good
Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Total Quality Management (TQM) and
inability of the food processors to compete with the multi-national companies,
inadequate infrastructure support facilities, absence of common service
facilities, weak linkages between producers, processors and traders and lack
of information on market trends and development.
Despite these constraints, the province of Capiz is consistently

pursuing its target to provide necessary assistance and support to the
processed food industry to attain its target to provide employment, increase
income and sales (export and domestic) and encourage infusion of fresh
capital to expand industry coverage and production capacity.
Another economic base industry in the Province of Capiz with relatively

high potentials for contributing to its local economic growth is the processed
seafoods which include crab meat, prawn, scallops, oyster meat/sauce and
boneless bangus, bottled oyster sauce, canned fish in oil and tomato sauce,
dried squid and shrimps, fish tocino, crab meat relleno and crablets.
The processed seafood industry has obtained support of the local

government unit and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) through the
“OTOP” concept. The municipalities of Pilar, Pres. Roxas, Panay, Ivisan,
Sapian and Roxas City considered this industry as their primary and
secondary “OTOP”.
Table 15 reflects the extent of independence or association between

total family income and the kinds of businesses or industries in the province.
As usual, the Agriculture Sector with the highest location quotient of 1.17
provides more income to majority of families and to the economy of the
Province of Capiz
province as a whole. Significant higher likelihood was also contributed by the

Community, Recreation and Personal Services: Transportation, Storage and
Communication Services; and, Other Services industries which quotients
reached 1.02, 1.01 and 1.07, respectively. Meanwhile, the contribution of
Wholesale and Retail Services; Manufacturing; and the sector under the Not
Defined category were under represented, meaning these did not contribute
much to the family income as their quotients were less than 1. Mining and
Quarrying and Constructions services were of negligible existence in the
province.
4.2.2 Local Employment Growth
The sectors that provide local employment in the province of Capiz for
the past five years were agriculture and non-agriculture sectors. The
employment trend as reflected in Table 11.2 of the 2007 Regional Social and
Economic Trend published by the National Statistical and Coordination Board
(NSCB) shows a declining trend of employment in agriculture from 55.5
percent in 1998 down to 51.2 percent in 2002 and an upward trend in non-
agriculture sector from 44.5 percent in 1998 to 48.8 percent in 2002.
 Agriculture and Fishery Sector
Data obtained from NSCB shows that in 1998, 55.5 percent of

employed persons in the province of Capiz were in agriculture sector.
However it decreased in 2002 by around 4.3 percent which means that only
around 51.2 percent of those employed persons remained in the agriculture
sector. The declined in the employment percentage in agriculture has been
attributed by the increase of percent of those employed in non-agriculture
sector from 44.5 percent in 1998 to 48.8 percent in 2002. Though, there is a
decrease in employment trend in agriculture sector, the Province of Capiz
remained as one of the top contributing provinces in Western Visayas Region
when it comes to agriculture production.
Province of Capiz
Table 15
Location Quotients: Total Family Income by Household Head, by Kind of
Business/Industry, Region VI, by province, 2000
140
Province of Capiz
 Non-Agriculture Sector
Non–agriculture sector accounts 44.5 percent in 1998 to 48.8 percent

in 2002 when it comes to employing persons in the province of Capiz. Non-
agriculture sector includes processing, semi-processing, service and cottage
industries. The Capiz Sugar Central in the municipality of Pres. Roxas, Philips
Seafoods Processing in Roxas City, mall and supermarkets are among the
major industries that provide local employment among Capizeños.
The non-agriculture sector such as service industry has been

considered as employment provider or will likely provide local employment to
Capizeños which include shopping malls, restaurants, hotels, transport
providers, communication providers, eco-tourism, among others. The service
or non-agriculture sector has catered about 51.3 percent (NSCB 1997-2002)
of those employed persons in the province.
With the continuing economic growth of the province, it is likely

foreseen that service sector will provide more employment opportunity to the
Capizeños.
4.2.3 Competitiveness and Market Share
The province of Capiz is venturing on industries and products that are

becoming more competitive and are increasing market share. These
industries and products are:
 Corn
In the Philippines, corn and corn products constitute about 4.5 percent
of the people’s diet being the country’s second major crop next to rice. White
corn varieties serve as staple food for 20 percent of the population while
yellow corn is used primarily as main ingredient for poultry and livestock
Province of Capiz
feeds. Increasing demand for feeds is estimated at five – six percent annually
due to increasing requirements of the poultry and livestock industries.
From 2002 to 2006, Capiz was able to gain its momentum on corn
production. In terms of volume of corn (yellow and white varieties) produced
per year, an increase of almost 415 percent was attained, that is, 8,430 metric
tons in 2002 to 35,423.60 metric tons in 2006. This gives an average increase
in corn production of 6,720.90 metric tons/year.
Physical area devoted for corn production is classified into cluster and
non-cluster areas. Cluster corn areas covered a total of 2,800 hectares in
2006 while only 1,960 hectares were maintained in 2007. However, for non-
cluster corn areas, the area devoted for corn production has doubled, from
1,571 hectares in 2006 to 3,234 hectares in 2007. Combining the cluster and
non-cluster areas for corn production, 2007 area is bigger by 773 hectares
than the 2006 area.
Though, corn industry is promising due to a tremendous increase in

demands both for feeds and bio-fuels, major problems like inadequate
agricultural infrastructure (dryer and warehouse) and market support facilities
and services, high production costs and natural calamity greatly affect the
production of corn in the province for the last five years.
 Abaca
The terrain of the province of Capiz particularly the upland portions of

the municipalities of Dumalag, Dumarao, Jamindan, Tapaz, Mambusao and
Sigma are found suitable for abaca (Manila hemp) production.
Abaca or internationally known as Manila hemp remains to be a

competitive agricultural product of the country. The industry continues to
contribute and sustain the country’s economic growth and development being
the lead exporter of abaca fiber. Likewise, the industry remains as one of the
country’s major sources of employment and foreign exchange earnings. It
Province of Capiz
sustains more than 1.5 million Filipinos who directly and indirectly depend on
abaca for their livelihood.
Currently, there are 135, 958 hectares planted to abaca spread in

almost all parts of the country giving livelihood to 82,450 abaca farmers.
Annually, the country produces an average of 69, 118 metric tons of abaca
fiber. From this, 24 percent are exported in raw form while 86 percent are
locally processed into pulp, cordage, and other fibercrafts. Most of these
processed products like pulp are also being exported, earning for the country
US $79 million a year.
Eighty-five percent of the abaca production is monopolized by the

Philippines while 15 percent comes from Ecuador. The abaca of the
Philippines has two strong points compared to the abaca produced by the
rival country. For one, applications- and marketability-wise, the Philippine
abaca has considerable edge. Second, quality-wise, it is more competitive
and preferred than the abaca of Ecuador.
 Cutflower and Cutfoliage
The Capiz cutflower/cutfoliage has gained popularity both in domestic

and export market for the past five years already. Industry players in Capiz
have started shipping cutflowers and cutfoliage in Japan and other Asian
countries. It has participated in major trade missions and exhibit within and
outside of the country. The province has gained popularity and is being
dubbed as the garden center of Northern Panay because of the cutflower and
cutfoliage.
4.2.4 Potential for Local Economic Growth
The industries/products that have potentials for economic growth

include the cutflower and cutfoliage as it gained popularity among Capizeños
because of high return of investment. Other potentials that can add up to the
local economic development are aqua-marine fisheries such as bangus,
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
5. TRANSPORTATION, ACCESS AND CIRCULATION
5.1 External Linkages
5.1.1 Description of External Linkages
Capiz is located in the central part of the Philippines and situated on

the northeastern portion of Panay Island, bordering Aklan and Antique in the
west, and Iloilo in the south. Its capital, Roxas City, is the center of commerce
and trade of the province and also known as the “Seafood Capital of the
Philippines”. It faces Sibuyan Sea in the north.
Roxas City, the provincial capital, is 136 kilometers from Iloilo City and
86 kilometers from the tourist island of Boracay in Aklan. Travel time is only
45 minutes by plane south of Manila, two to three hours by land to the
regional capital of Iloilo City and one to one and a half hours to Kalibo, the
capital of province of Aklan.
The province is fast growing, considering the increasing population

growth and socio-economic activities that resulted into heavy traffic density of
motor vehicles and commuters. There is a need to have good and adequate
road network system to improve access and circulation within and outside the
province.
The province of Capiz is accessible through land, air and water. Roxas
City is connected to the south through Passi City in Iloilo Province passing
through the Iloilo-Capiz Road (new route) covering a distance of about 76
kilometers and in Calinog, Iloilo passing through the Iloilo-Capiz Road (old
route) at a distance of 65 kilometers.
In the east, the province is connected to Balasan, Iloilo through the

Iloilo-Capiz East Coast Road at a distance of about 55 kilometers. It is also
connected to Altavas, Aklan through the Ivisan-Sapian-Aklan Road with a
Province of Capiz
distance of about 38 kilometers. These major road connections are similarly

the roll-on roll-off (RORO) routes and serve as passage way of major land
transport vehicles that carries passengers and goods coming in and out of the
province of Capiz and its adjacent provinces.
The domestic airport of Capiz is located in Roxas City covering an area

of 73 hectares. It provides the air transportation requirements of the province
under the management of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
(CAAP).
Two airline companies are currently plying the Roxas City-Manila route
and Roxas City-Cebu route. The Philippine Airlines and the Cebu Pacific
Airlines provide regular transportation services between Roxas and Manila
with once a day flight schedule. However, it was observed that the capacity of
these aircrafts could not accommodate the passenger demand particularly
during peak season.
There are also other airline companies that provide air transportation
services to the province but their services are purely cargo transport on a
charter basis. An average of five cargo planes is chartered daily.
There are several ports and wharves which serve as the docking point
of vessels that provide sea transportation to the city and Roxas City under the
direct supervision of the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA).
Approximately seven kilometers away from Roxas City is the Culasi

Port and fishing wharves. The existing area occupied by Culasi Port is
approximately two hectares and proposed to expand to 15 hectares. Some
existing facilities need upgrading and improvements to provide effective and
efficient services in response to the increasing demand requirements. The
informal settlers within the pot area should be relocated to the identified
resettlement area. Port area needs improvement, develop and expand its
surrounding to provide better services to passengers and cargo facilities.
Province of Capiz
In Roxas City there are five existing wharves and under the
management of the Roxas City government which are located at Barangay
Banica while four wharves are owned and manage by private operators.
Banica Wharf is the docking point of small sea vessles transporting passenger
and cargo coming from province of Masbate and other nearby provinces. Four
other wharves are located in Washington and Premier de Mayo Streets along
Panay River, all in Barangay Punta Tabuc, Roxas City. It is also utilized as
loading and unloading point by some vessels that transport cargo, mostly
lumber and marble products coming from Romblon.
There are other fishing ports situated at Basiao, Ivisan; Pawa, Panay;
Poblacion, Pilar; and Angin, Sapian. The improvements of these fishing ports
facilities will improve the quality services.
With the improvements of Culasi Port facilities and the operations of

RORO from Roxas City to Masbate to Sorsogon will provide inter-island
cargo/passenger. Shipping linkages and improve commodity flows for fishery
products and maximize potentials and enhance accessibility of the tourism
areas in the province. It will initiate the development of new Agri-Tourism
Highway from Luzon to Visayas and Mindanao Islands and likewise promote
the province as the “Seafood Trip Tourism Center in the Philippines.”
The major roads and ports of the province are not densely busy as
compared with those of the neighboring provinces of Iloilo, Negros Occidental
and Aklan where international and international standard airports are located.
5.1.2 Linkages and Facilities that should be given Highest Priority for
Improvement
The rehabilitation/upgrading of inter-provincial transport facilities of

89.885 kilometers of Roxas City-Iloilo road, concreting of Capiz-Iloilo road
(new), concreting of Tapaz-Jamindan road and the concreting of Iloilo-East
Coast Capiz road, will provide better mobility and accessibility to and from the
province.
Province of Capiz
The improvement of Culasi Port and the roll-on roll-off (RORO)

operation facilities from Roxas City to Masbate will be given priority to provide
inter-island cargo/passenger shipping linkages. This will connect the province
to Sorsogon and link to vital areas between Luzon, in the north and Mindanao,
in the south, and other parts of the Visayas in order to promote the “One
Town One Product” (OTOP) concept. It will strengthen agri-fishery economic
activities through increased mobility of people, goods and services passing
through the Province of Capiz. It will ultimately boost tourism activities and
promote the province as the “Seafood Trip Tourism Center in the Philippines”.
The Iloilo-Capiz East Coast Road (East-West Lateral) as part of the

Western Strong Republic Nautical Highway connects Roxas City to Iloilo
passing the coastal towns. It has a total length of 56 kilometers with 15
kilometers of concrete pavement while 41 kilometers are of asphalt pavement.
There is an urgent need to rehabilitate this road because the asphalt road,
constructed in 1989, is now fast deteriorating.
The airport has a passenger terminal building occupying an area of

790.5 square meters which is not adequate to address the requirements of
increasing passenger and cargo traffic. Hence, there is a need to construct
additional new terminal building and a new CAAP administrative building in
order to provide better airport facilities.
The construction of the cargo terminal building should also be

completed to provide adequate services and facilities for loading and storage.
The concrete runway has a length of 1,890 meters x 45 meters

equivalent to 85,050 square meters in area and width of 30 meters partially
constructed which are below the standard length requirements of two
kilometers to accommodate bigger aircrafts like Boeing 737 and DC-9. Thus,
there is a need to expand the runway by 110 meters x 15 meters dimension
equivalent to 1,650 square meters in area to meet the required standard for
runway.
Province of Capiz
5.1.3 Proposed New External Linkages
The Roxas City Government, through the Provincial Government of

Capiz and the Regional Development Council VI, intends to develop the
Roxas City Circumferential Road consisting of 19.86 kilometers which would
serve as a bypass road network to cater to the growing traffic of agri-aqua
products and passengers going to and from Culasi Port, the municipality of
Panay and the adjoining north eastern town of Capiz without passing through
the central business area of Capiz.
The projects aims to improve road networks in production land areas

and provide fast and reliable support transport system between urban center
and depressed rural municipalities that would consequently spread
agricultural and fisheries development, and promote tourism and increase
economic activities in order to upgrade standard of living in the areas. It is
also in support to the development thrusts and strategies of Western Visayas
Region as major producer of agricultural commodities, export winner in
industries, rich in natural resources, rich in cultural heritage and natural
attractions, and skilled trainable human resources.
The province was once connected to the province of Iloilo through a

railroad system under the defunct Panay National Railways which ceased to
operate in the 1990s. There is a long-term plan to revive the 120 kilometer
railway system to improve connection between the province of Capiz and
other provinces in the Island of Panay.
5.2 Internal Circulation
There are about 30,000 vehicles operating in Roxas City and nearby
municipalities, of which 71 percent are privately-owned, 28 percent are public
utility vehicles and only one percent government-owned.
Province of Capiz
Travel to neighboring municipalities and province are provided by

public utility vans (L-300) and buses. Trips to Iloilo province are provided by
bus companies and to Kalibo in Aklan by public utility vans (L-300).
The province’s road inventory increased from 782 kilometers in 1994 to

1,971 kilometers in 2004. In 2008, road inventory reached a total road length
of 2,032 kilometers with 38.46 percent increase. It is comprised of 331
kilometers of national roads, 406 kilometers provincial roads, 90 kilometers
city/municipal roads and 1,205 kilometers of barangay roads.
Of the total existing road network of the province, 16 percent are

classified as national road consisting of 147 kilometers concrete paved, 67
kilometers asphalt and 27 kilometers gravel road. On the other hand, 20
percent are classified as provincial road, four percent as city/municipal road
and 59 percent as barangay roads. The decrease in length of national road in
Capiz is due to strengthening of road system as a result of the new system of
road inventory conducted by the Road and Bridge Inventory Assessment
(RBIA) of DPWH.
Traffic congestions usually occur in Roxas City during peak hours.

Contributory to this are the rapid growth of residential subdivisions, memorial
parks, institutional and commercial establishments, the existing sub-standard
narrow width of road pavement/carriageway, two-way traffic, rapid increase in
population, improper parking or waiting vehicles, pedestrians crossing, traffic
accidents, improper loading and unloading of passengers, existence of light
heavy truck vans using the major roads during peak hours, inadequate
parking areas of the existing commercial establishments and other
commercial activities in the urban area.
Province of Capiz
5.2.2 Internal Routes and Linkages that need to be Improved
There are 12 provincial roads that are proposed for reclassification into
national roads with a total length of 78.436 kilometers.
Proposed Reclassification of Provincial Road to National Road, Capiz

Length
Road Location
(km)
Concencia –Tinigban Road 7.60 Panitan
Cogon – Pontevedra Road 4.115 Pontevedra
Dumolog – Gabuan Road – Mongpong – Culajao –
3.072 Roxas City
Banica Road
Adlawan – Liong – Jumaguicjic – San Jose –
6.002 Roxas City
Cabugao Road
Lanot – Loctugan – Panitan Boundary Road 3.330 Roxas City
Banica – Bato – Milibili – Arcabalo – Bolo Road 6.338 Roxas City
Barangay Bato Road, Panay 2.00 Panay
Hipona – Canapian – Quinabonglan Road 20.50 Maayon
Poblacion – Pawa Road, Panay 6.280 Panay
Sta. Fe – Casanayan Road 3.25 Pilar
Panitan &
Panitan – Timpas – Mianay Road 9.20
Sigma
Roxas City – Cagay – Sibaguan – Balijuagan –
6.379 Roxas City
Cudian – Ivisan Road
Source: Department of Public Works and Highways
The Lanot–Loctugan-Panitan Boundary Road needs to be converted

immediately from local into national road considering that it connects two
national road sections.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
6. INCOME, EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE ACCESS AND POVERTY
6.1 Employment and Unemployment Rates
The number of persons in the labor force in Capiz of the population 15

years old and over who are either employed or unemployed in 2003 was
estimated at 335,000 of which 316,000 were employed and 19,000 were
unemployed. This translates to an employment rate of 94 percent and
unemployment rate of six percent, the highest rate in Western Visayas. The
persons not in the labor force or those who are neither employed nor
unemployed such as housewives, students, disabled and retired persons
numbers 117,000. This is based on the data from the National Statistics
Office.
In 2002, there were 324,000 Capizeños in the labor force with 304,000
employed (94 employment rate) and 20,000 unemployed or an unemployment
rate of six percent. The number of those not in the labor force was higher at
121,000 in 2001, the number of persons in the labor force was lower at
314,000 of which 298,000 were employed or an employment rate of 95
percent while 16,000 were unemployed (five unemployment rate). The
number of persons not in the labor force was also higher as it was recorded at
124,000.
Starting July 2003 no data on employment could be released at the

provincial level but only for the regional level.
Table 16
Province of Capiz
Population 15 Years and Over, by Employment Status, Region VI, by Province, January 2001, 2002 and 2003 (in Thousands)
140
Province of Capiz
In 2002, the employed Capizeños in the agriculture sector lessened to

51 percent from 56 percent in 1998 hence, the employment in the non-
agriculture sector rose to 49 percent compared to 45 percent posted in 1998.
This goes to show that the province’s labor force is still predominantly in
agricultural activities although the decreasing trend is attributed to the number
of people who diverted to the services and industry sectors.
Compared to other provinces in the region, Capiz stood second to

Guimaras which posted 58 percent of its employed people engaged in
agriculture. This also showed that Capiz is higher than the region’s 47 percent
employed in the agriculture sector
6.2 Family Income
6.2.1 Average Family Income Levels
The average family income level in Capiz for the year 2000 was
estimated at P99,313, up by 13 percent over the P87,905 in 1997 by 112
percent compared to P46,880 in 1994. This translates to an average annual
increase of four percent from 1997 to 2000 and 19 percent from 1994 to 2000.
Although an increasing trend in the average family income was observed in
the past six years, the growth rate somewhat slowed down tremendously in
the past three years.
Among provinces in Western Visayas, the province placed fourth in

terms of average family income with Iloilo posting the highest with P110,114
followed by Guimaras with 101,125 and Aklan 99,568. This also showed that
the provincial level was below the regional level at P109,600. Lower average
family income was reported in Negros Occidental with 73,923 and Antique
with 94,917. The provinces of Guimaras and Iloilo also exhibited higher
growth rate at 37 percent and 32 percent, respectively.
Province of Capiz
Table 17
Total and Average Family Income, Region VI, by Province, 1994, 1997 and 2000
2000 1997 1994
Average
Province Average Average
No. of Family No. of No. of
Family Family
Families Income Families Families
Income Income
(P)
Region VI 1,211,734 109,600 1,249,979 86,770 1,133,399 64,078
Aklan 86,466 99,568 89,135 87,276 81,243 70,376
Antique 92,247 94,917 98,329 83,005 91,295 43,393
Capiz 131,121 99,313 140,999 87,905 125,715 46,880
Guimaras 26,091 101,125 24,692 74,003 - -
Iloilo 291,472 110,114 290,481 83,715 289,321 58,883
Negros Occidental 422,175 73,923 466,808 67,665 420,918 56,601
Bacolod City 89,651 177,501 75,922 154,836 66,960 99,630
Iloilo City 72,509 283,604 63,614 164,222 57,947 165,892
Source: FIES
6.3 Social Services
6.3.1 Health
Hospital-bed Population Ratio
Capiz has three privately and six government owned hospitals located
in the five Inter-local Health Zones (ILHZ) of the province. In 2007, the
hospital bed-population ratio in the province is one bed per 2,807 population.
Compared with the standard of 1 bed:1,000 population, this is theoretically
short of 451 beds. Among the Inter-Local Health Zones, Sen. Gerry Roxas
District Hospital has the highest ratio of 1 bed per 3,973 population and would
need 74 more beds to satisfy the standard. The edifice or the building is now
dilapidated that need to be rehabilitated or condemned. The site where the
hospital is located has also ownership problem. The Tapaz District Hospital,
the farthest from the capital, needs 51 more beds. The latter is ill-equipped
and has no facilities to respond to emergency situation.
The Roxas Memorial Provincial Hospital located in Roxas City has a

gap of 155 more beds but proposed 175 more beds to accommodate more
patients. It is better equipped and has more doctor specialists compared with
Province of Capiz
the district hospitals. Private hospitals in the province include the Capiz
Doctors Hospital with a bed capacity of 55 beds, St. Anthony College Hospital
with 135 and Capiz Emmanuel Hospital with 100 bed capacity.
Doctor-Population Ratio
Considering the standard requirement of one Rural Health Unit (RHU)

doctor per 20,000 population, all municipalities, except Pres. Roxas, are
below the standard requirement. In terms of doctor-population ratio, the
following municipalities are ranked from the highest to the lowest: Tapaz with
1:47,265, Panay with 1:43,528, Dumarao with 1:43,210, Pontevedra with
1:42,996, Pilar with 1:14,709, Panitan with 1:40,160, Mambusao with
1:39,487, Jamindan with 1:36,416, Maayon with 1:35,059, Dao with 1:32,832,
Sigma with 1:29,340, Dumalag with 1:27,790, Ivisan with 1:26,006, Cuartero
with 1:26,038 and Sapian with 1:24,565.
Percent of Infants with Low Birth Weight
The newborns with low birth weight in Capiz are increasing every year.
From 920 in 2005, the number of newborns with weight less than 2,500 grams
increased to 1,358 in 2006 and 1,675 in 2007. This high number of newborns
with low birth weight could be attributed to insufficient food intake of pregnant
women due to poverty and low food production; failure to undergo pre-natal
check up at the early trimester of their pregnancy as they only visit on the last
trimester. Data shows that Tapaz being one of the hard to reach municipalities
has the lowest percentage of women who have undergone four or more-pre-
natal visits in 2007.
Morbidity Rates by Leading Causes
Pneumonia has been the leading cause of infant morbidity for 5 years
(2002-2007), followed by Acute LRTI, URI/URTI/ARI, acute watery diarrhea,
cough and cold. Acute or chronic bronchitis, gastroenteritis, fever, acute URTI
and Systemic Viral Infection. The leading causes of infant morbidity in 2002-
Province of Capiz
2007 were all due to low resistance to infection. Newborn Care, feeding of
colostrum to the newborn baby, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, Infant
Young Child Feeding (IYCF) with clean feeding utensils are being prioritized
by Provincial Health Office.
The top leading causes of morbidity in all ages in Capiz in 2005 was
pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI) in 2006 and pneumonia again in
2007.
Proportion of Children 0-5 years old who died
The infant death rate in the province is nine per 1,000 live births in
2007 which is lower than ten per 1,000 live births registered in 2006. Panitan
led the five municipalities lagging behind with high infant deaths followed by
Pilar, Pres. Roxas, Pontevedra, Maayon and Mambusao.
From 2002 to 2007, URI/URT/ARI has been the highest leading cause
of under-five diseases although pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity
and mortality among infants and under-five children in the province.
Based on the three-year average rate of children’s death below five

years old in municipalities, President Roxas had the highest with a rate of 35,
followed by Pilar with a rate of 32, Pontevedra - 21, Panitan - 20 and
Mambusao - 18. The under-five mortality rate in 2005 was one per 100,000
population of children below five years old and abruptly increased to 12 in
2006 and increased to 14 in 2007.
Proportion of Children 0-5 years old who are Moderately and Severely
underweight
Capiz ranks sixth at the regional level on comparative ranking of

provinces according to prevalence of underweight pre-schooler children in
Region VI in 2007 and 2008. The province registered the rates of ten in 2007
and eight in 2008, showing a decline of two percent.
Province of Capiz
Compared to the other provinces in Region VI, Capiz ranks the lowest
in the prevalence of underweight pre-schoolers in 2008 while Roxas City
ranks 11th among the cities with a rate of ten percent. On the other hand,
among the nutritionally-depressed municipalities according to prevalence of
underweight pre-school children in Region VI, Tapaz ranks fifth with a rate of
21.
The most nutritionally-depressed municipalities according to

prevalence of underweight pre-school children in Capiz in 2008 are Tapaz
with a rate of 21.24, followed by Pilar with a rate of 11.88 and Ivisan with
10.52 percent.
Proportion of Women Deaths due to Pregnancy-Related Causes
The province has a maternal mortality ratio of 69 deaths per 100,000

live births in 2005 which is lower compared to 155 deaths per 100,000 live
births in 2007. Sigma has the highest ratio of MMR with 590 maternal deaths
per 100,000 live births. In 2007, Pilar has a high MMR ratio of 301 maternal
deaths per 100,000 live births, followed by Roxas City with a ratio of 226 and
Maayon with a ratio of 209 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
In a regional review in 2007, the province had the highest MMR in

Western Visayas. There is a seemingly increasing trend in MMR in Capiz;
ratios of 69,119 and 155 in every 100,000 live births were reported in 2005,
2006, and 2007, respectively.
There were also 21 pregnancy-related deaths reported in 2007. This

rising trend is primarily attributed to increased efforts, beginning in 2006, by
various stakeholders in health, in reviewing deaths among reproductive age
women, and reporting and reviewing maternal deaths. Giving birth at home is
already discouraged by the Provincial and City Health Offices because of the
increase in maternal deaths. Deliveries are only allowed in hospitals, health
Province of Capiz
centers, Rural Health Unit’s birthing clinics. Post partum hemorrhage,

eclampsia and sepsis are the leading causes of maternal deaths.
The target plans, programs and activities (PPAs) related to social

services include, upgrading of health facilities and services; implementation of
Mid-Term Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (MTPPAN); provision of basic
health information to CVHW; strengthening implementation of Newborn
screening in Capiz; maternal and child health program; reproductive health
program; enhanced capability building for social and health workers; control of
lifestyle diseases; and feeding program for nutritionally disadvantage pre-
schoolers.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
6.3.2 Education
Literacy Rate
In November 1994, the province of Capiz has a simple literacy rate of

88 percent. Females have higher simple literacy rate with 90 percent than
males with 87 percent. On the other hand, the functional literacy rate of the
province was 77 percent. Like in simple literacy rate, females have higher
functional literacy rate with 84 percent than males with 69 percent. This
condition only shows that women are more literate than men.
In the same year, the province’s functional literacy rate was lower by
four percent and seven percent as compared to the region’s literacy rate of 81
and the country’s literacy rate of 84 percent, respectively.
Achievement Rates
From school years 2005-2007, Capiz Division and Roxas City Division
presented an increasing achievement rate. Capiz Division reached 68 percent
(2006-2007) which was significantly higher than the national rate while Roxas
City Division got 55 percent (2006-2007) which was below than the national
rate.
As of school year 2004-2005, the top five districts in Capiz Division that
earned the lowest achievement test – mean percentage score are (1) Tapaz
West – 54 percent, (2) Cuartero – 54 percent, (3) Pres. Roxas (55 percent),
(4) Dumalag - 57 percent, and (5) Maayon – 58 percent.
Cohort Survival Rates
 Elementary
As of school year 2006-2007, the cohort survival rate of Capiz Division

was 64 percent and Roxas City Division was 69 percent. Meaning that 64 for
Province of Capiz
every 100 pupils enrolled in Grade 1 in school year 2001-2002 were able to
enroll in Grade 6 in school year 2006-2007, while in Roxas City Division, 69
for every 100 pupils enrolled in Grade 1 five years ago were able to enroll in
Grade 6 in school year 2006-2007. Province wide, 67 for every 100 pupils
enrolled in public elementary school in school year 2001-2002 had the chance
to enroll in Grade 6 in school year 2006-2007. This situation only shows that
there were still 33 for every 100 pupils who failed to continuously pursue their
elementary education at least until Grade 6. Both divisions have higher cohort
survival rates than the region with 63 percent and were lower than the country
with 73 percent.
It is good to note that the cohort survival rate of Capiz Division,

although slightly decreased by one percent from school year 2004-2005 (59
percent) to school year 2006-2007 (64 percent), significantly increased by six
percent from school year 2005-2006 to school year 2006-2007. On the other
hand, Roxas City Division presented an alarming decrease of 12 percent from
school year 2004-2005 (82 percent) to school year 2006-2007 (69 percent).
For three succeeding school years, the top five districts under Capiz
Division that lagged behind in elementary cohort survival rates are Tapaz
East, Mambusao West, Dumarao, Mambusao East and Sapian. The two
districts, Mambusao East and Mambusao West, consistently fall within the top
five districts that lagged behind in drop-out rate and cohort survival rate.
Although almost all districts have low cohort survival rates, most of
them increased the rate from school year 2005-2006 to school year 2006-
2007. Except for the District of Dumarao, Ivisan, Jamindan, Mambusao West,
Panitan, and Pontevedra, the rest of the districts increased their cohort
survival rate.
Province of Capiz
 Secondary
For three school years, the cohort survival rates of the Philippines and
Capiz Division have been erratic. They were high in school years 2004-2005
and 2006-2007, and low in 2005-2006. While Roxas City Division’s cohort
survival rates have been declining, it decreased by ten percent from school
year 2004-2005 (48 percent) to school year 2006-2007 (38 percent).
Also, the country’s cohort survival rates have been higher than the
Capiz Division and Roxas City Division. Across divisions, Capiz Division has
higher drop-out rate than Roxas City Division with the rates of 69 percent and
38 percent, respectively, in school year 2006-2007.
In school year 2006-2007, seven out of ten children or 69 percent of

children enrolled in first-year three years ago are enrolled in fourth-year in
schools under Capiz Division. Fewer students or 38 percent are enrolled in
schools of Roxas City Division.
From school year 2004-2007, the top five municipalities that lagged
behind in secondary cohort survival rate are Panitan, Jamindan, Mambusao,
Pilar, and Pontevedra.
Classroom- Pupil Ratio
 Elementary
Generally, both Capiz Division and Roxas City Division have

classroom-pupil ratios that fall within the standard ratio of one classroom per
40 pupils. This situation is also true in all districts under Capiz Division.
Although there are some schools particularly those located in urban areas
observed to have classroom-pupil ratios that fall below the standard.
The implementation of Basic Education Information System (BEIS)

gives the Department of Education the opportunity to have an updated data
Province of Capiz
on the needs specifically on the number of classrooms needed vis-à-vis the

number of enrollees. It then served as basis for the Physical Facilities
Coordinator to coordinate with the Central Office to ask for funds for the
construction of additional needed classrooms.
 Secondary
In school year 2006-2007, both Capiz Division with 1:55 and Roxas
City Division with 1:51 have fall beyond the classroom-pupil ratio, which is one
classroom per 40-45 student. There are at least 51 students accommodated
in a classroom in public secondary schools, but more students are in a
classroom in schools under the supervision of Capiz Division than in Roxas
City Division.
School Participation Rate
 Elementary
The net enrolment rates of the Philippines and Roxas City Division
presented a decreasing trend. Capiz Division, however, has an erratic trend; it
was high in school year 2004-2005 but slightly decreased in the following
school year and then slightly increased in school year 2006-2007. Both
divisions have consistent lower net enrolment rates than the national rates.
The data further shows that in school year 2006-2007, 83 out of 100
children aged 6-11 years old were enrolled in public elementary schools in
Capiz Division and 76 out of 100 children aged 6-11 years old were enrolled
in public elementary schools in Roxas City Division. Overall, about 80 out of
100 elementary school age children were enrolled in public elementary
schools in the province, thus, there were still 20 children who were either
present in private schools or not attending school at all.
Province of Capiz
 Secondary
The net enrolment rates of Capiz Division from school year 2004-2007
posted an erratic trend while Roxas City Division showed an increasing trend.
The net enrolment rate of the 12-15 year old children enrolled in secondary
schools in school year 2006-2007 under Capiz Division was 45 percent while
in Roxas City Division has a net enrolment rate of 47 percent, which were
both lower than the national rate. This means that 45 for every 100 children
aged 12-15 years are present in public high schools under Capiz Division
while 47 for every 100 children of the same age group are enrolled in public
high schools under Roxas City Division.
Generally, not even half of the 12-15 year old children population or 46
for every 100 children aged 12-15 years are present in public high schools in
the province. The remaining 54 children are either present in private high
schools or likely not in school.
Educational Facilities
 Primary and Secondary Schools
There are 461 government primary and elementary schools that cater
the education needs of elementary school age children. Of the total, 422
schools are under the supervision of Capiz Division and 39 are under the
supervision of Roxas City Division. To serve the needs of secondary school
age children, there are 61 government secondary schools of which 52 schools
are under the supervision of Capiz Division and 9 under Roxas City Division.
In school year 2007-2008, there are 571 government day care centers that
cater to the needs of children aged 3-5 years old.
In school year 2006-2007, Capiz Division and Roxas City Division have
textbook-pupil ratio of 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. Relative to this that many
elementary and secondary schools have no functional libraries.
Province of Capiz
 Tertiary Educational Institution
The province has ninemal tertiary educational institutions that serve not
only the needs of the province in tertiary and graduate school education but
also that of the neighboring provinces of Romblon, Masbate and Mindoro in
MIMAROPA Region. Of these, eight private owned located in Roxas City: ,
Colegio de la Purisima Concepcion, Dean Alberto Villaruz College, Filamer
Christian College, Hercor College, PACE Computer College, St. Anthony
College, St. John College, and St. Pius X Seminary. The other one is
government-owned, Capiz State University.
The Capiz State University is the only government-owned and

university in Roxas City that offers undergraduate and graduate courses and
vocational and technical education. It has nine campuses with the main
campus located at the heart of the city and the rest strategically located
throughout the province.
There are twelve education institutions located in Roxas City, Dumalag,

Sigma and Pontevedra that offer vocational/technical education. These
provide education on areas like metal works, tinsmithing, electronics, radio
mechanics, carpentry and woodworks, food processing/vending, cosmetology,
dressmaking and other vocational/technical skills related courses that
complement increasing cottage industry businesses in the province.
Other than the formal tertiary and vocational/technical educational

institutions in Capiz, there are three institutions in Roxas City exclusively
operating for computer education that keeps the province at pace with global
trend in information technology.
Targets for Education Sector PPAs
There is a need to improve the quality of education service in both

elementary and secondary education in order to increase the school
performance level by improving the physical access to schools through
Province of Capiz
construction and repair of roads and bridges, construction of additional

classrooms and repair of dilapidated classroom and buildings and provision of
additional chairs to meet the planning standard, and provision and
improvement of water and sanitation facilities.
School administrators and teachers should be provided with adequate

training and the necessary instructional materials to effectively and efficiently
manage schools and teach students. Every school should be given intensive
monitoring and supervision to ensure effective school management.
Additional textbooks and other learning materials for students should

be provided and functional libraries should be established in every school to
inspire and motivate students to study.
Key Challenges and Constraints, Priority Concerns and Areas Relevant

to Identification of Education Sector PPAs
The low performance level in elementary and secondary education

maybe brought by the far distance of and unimproved physical access like
roads and bridges to schools that are often found in remote areas of the
province. The inadequacy of water and sanitation facilities in schools that
maybe considered as a contributing factor to cause water borne diseases that
might eventually lead to absenteeism of students.
The insufficient number of classrooms particularly in public high

schools considering that as of school year 2006-2007, the classroom-student
ratio of Capiz Division and Roxas City Division were 1:55 and 1:51,
respectively, which are both beyond the planning standard which is 1:40.
Moreover, the seating facility is quite insufficient given that the seating facility-
student ratio in Capiz Division is 1:1.44 and in Roxas City Division is 1:1.62.
This situation could probably affect the quality of learning of students that
would lead them to become inattentive of their lessons.
Province of Capiz
The insufficiency of textbooks and other learning materials where

students can acquire educational information could affect the effective
learning of pupils for they have to share a book to study their lessons. This
situation is particularly experienced in Roxas City Division with an elementary
textbook-pupil ratio of 1:3. Relative to this that many schools have no
functional libraries.
Malnutrition is also considered to be one of the reasons that school

children are unenthusiastic to participate in school activities and perform low
in academics. It is usually caused by insufficient food intake which is often
linked to poverty.
Children’s attitude towards studies is also considered to be another

reason of low performance. Children who lack motivation and monitoring of
parents would sometimes result to become subdued in their studies. In some
ways this is caused by parents’ belief towards education. When parents do
not believe that education is essential to assure their children’s future, they
tend to become irresponsible for their schooling. Moreover, parents who are
busy working failed to follow-up their children’s studies at home and monitor
them at school.
Many children had been leaving school for work. They left or were
absent from school to work to help their parents and augment the family
income or even help take care of their younger siblings. This situation would
sometimes lead children to become unenthusiastic to study and result to
truancy.
Furthermore, non-inclusion of private schools data are attributed to the

low level of elementary performance indicators.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
6.3.3 Housing
In 2000, there were 27,357 households that occupied housing units for
free with consent of the owner and 1,436 households have occupied the units
for free without consent of the owners. Overall, 22.4 percent of the total
households or 28,793 households have free tenurial status. Of this total, the
municipality of Panay has the most number of households with rent free
status at 2,585 followed by Pontevedra with 2,194. There were 3,859
households recorded in Roxas City belonging in this category.
There were 1,577 housing units or one percent of the total occupied
housing units in Capiz were considered dilapidated or condemned. Among the
municipalities with most number of dilapidated housing units, Sapian topped
the list with 138 or three percent of the total number of occupied housing units
followed by Panitan with 134 or two percent. Although there were more
dilapidated housing units in Roxas City with 307, these only represent one
percent of the occupied housing units in the city.
Table
Households in Occupied Housing Units, Capiz,
By Tenure of the Housing Unit and Municipality/City, 2000
Tenure Status of Housing Unit
Total Being Being
Households Occupied Occupied
City/ Owned/ Housing
in Occupied for Free for Free Not
Municipality Being Rented Backlog
Housing with without Reported
Unit Amortized
Consent Consent
of Owner of Owner
CAPIZ 128,569 89,487 5,330 27,357 1,436 4,959 11,725
Cuartero 4,681 3,304 88 1,039 10 240 338
Dao 5,921 5,566 60 284 11 - 71
Dumalag 5,375 3,902 264 1,130 30 49 343
Dumarao 7,993 5,129 306 2,068 73 417 796
Ivisan 4,683 3,807 87 750 9 30 126
Jamindan 6,850 4,419 420 1,678 47 286 753
Maayon 6,395 3,452 357 2,049 41 496 894
Mambusao 7,421 4,789 169 2,080 79 304 552
Panay 7,660 4,398 606 2,514 71 71 748
Panitan 7,073 4,783 187 1,686 71 346 604
Pilar 7,747 6,085 151 1,222 120 169 440
Pontevedra 7,673 4,778 295 2,125 69 406 770
Pres. Roxas 5,119 2,906 89 1,310 243 571 903
Roxas City 25,126 18,921 1,533 3,621 238 813 2,584
Province of Capiz
Tenure Status of Housing Unit

Total Being Being
Households Occupied Occupied
City/ Owned/ Housing
in Occupied for Free for Free Not
Municipality Being Rented Backlog
Housing with without Reported
Unit Amortized
Consent Consent
of Owner of Owner
Sapian 4,557 3,591 97 762 - 107 204
Sigma 5,541 3,448 289 1,415 21 368 678
Tapaz 8,754 6,209 332 1,624 303 286 921
Source:
Table
Occupied Housing Units by Condition (State of Repair) of the Building by
City/Municipality: 2000
Condition (State of Repair) of the Building
Total Needs No Repair/
City/ Needs Major Dilapidated/
Occupied Needs Minor
Municipality Repair Condemned
Housing Unit Repair
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
CAPIZ 127,150 73,856 58.1 30,647 24.1 1,577 1.2

Cuartero 4,649 2,652 57.0 1,224 26.3 67 1.4
Dao 5,880 2,685 45.7 2,150 36.6 53 0.9
Dumalag 5,341 3,368 63.1 1,393 26.1 60 1.1
Dumarao 7,914 4,066 51.4 2,412 30.5 45 0.6
Ivisan 4,645 2,861 61.6 994 21.4 66 1.4
Jamindan 6,794 3,976 58.5 1,586 23.3 101 1.5
Maayon 6,382 3,584 56.2 1,518 23.8 102 1.6
Mambusao 7,399 4,236 57.3 1,780 24.1 116 1.6
Panay 7,592 4,396 57.9 1,882 24.8 70 0.9
Panitan 7,037 3,620 51.4 1,825 25.9 134 1.9
Pilar 7,695 4,015 52.2 1,928 25.1 73 0.9
Pontevedra 7,610 3,842 50.5 2,014 26.5 95 1.2
Pres. Roxas 5,053 2,918 57.7 1,142 22.6 28 0.6
Roxas City 24,547 16,640 67.8 4,469 18.2 307 1.3
Sapian 4,482 2,448 54.6 958 21.4 138 3.1
Sigma 5,491 2,848 51.9 1,552 28.3 72 1.3
Tapaz 8,639 5,701 66.0 1,820 21.1 50 0.6
Source:
One out of four households has makeshift house or 25 percent of the

households with housing units possess or own a dilapidated or barong-barong
(makeshift house).
Province of Capiz
Housing Backlogs
Capiz needs 11,725 housing units to cover up housing backlogs

equivalent to 11 percent of the total households that do not have house of
their own.
The occurrence of 15 typhoons and seven flash floods from 1985 to

2000 brought total damage to 54,237 housing units (totally damaged - 6,988
and partially damaged - 47,249 units). Last year, typhoon Frank damaged
44,898 houses. Of the total, 17 percent totally damaged and 83 percent
partially damaged. Lack of housing units become the perennial problem aside
from the residential lots that keep on increasing its cost.
In Roxas City and some of the municipalities, establishments of

subdivisions could answer in any way, housing needs of the people but poor
families could hardly acquire unit for their family. A total of 210.88 hectares in
Roxas City is developed for subdivisions and in the municipalities socialized
housing project has a total area of 32.8 hectares. Sigma has the biggest (8
hectares) percent share in terms of area while other municipalities have an
average socialized housing area of two (2) hectares.
With the demand of residential lots and housing units in the province,
the current costs of house and lots in the province is increasing.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
6.3.4 Security
Crime Incidence
Crime volume in the province of Capiz decreased from 384 in 2004 to

322 in 2006. The index crime or crime against person and property increased
from 223 in 2004 to 278 in 2005 and decreased to 238 in 2006. Of all crimes,
index crime has been constantly high from 2004-2006 than the non-index
crimes.
Among the causes of crime against person, physical injury has been
consistently high from 2004-2006. In 2006, it has reached 85 cases followed
by homicide (64), murder (36), and rape (31). On the other hand, among the
causes of crime against property, robbery was high in 2004 and 2005 and
was replaced by theft in 2006. Robbery had 14 cases while theft had 8 cases
in 2006.
Crime incidence in the province has been erratic; it posted a low

incidence in 2006 (483) and highest incidence in 2007 (519). For three years,
the top five areas in the province that have the highest crime incidence are (1)
Roxas City (495), (2) Pontevedra (106), (3) Tapaz (84), (4) Maayon (79), and
(5) Pres. Roxas (72).
Based on the police records, crime rate in the province of Capiz posted
an erratic trend from 2005-2007. It has slightly increased by 0.14 from 2005 to
2006 and decreased by 0.46 from 2006 to 2007. Predictably, crime rate in
Roxas City has been consistently high compared to other areas in the
province taking into account the large number of people residing within, and
entering or going out the area. In 2007, of all municipalities, Pres. Roxas had
the highest crime rate and Ivisan had the lowest. For three years, the top five
municipalities with the highest crime rates are (1) Roxas City, (2) Sapian, (3)
Pres. Roxas, (4) Pontevedra, and (5) Cuartero.
Province of Capiz
Poverty is considered as the primary cause of all crimes. Among

others, crime incidence is attributed to uncontrolled proliferation of illegal
drugs and pirated sex videos, and unmonitored personalities who are going in
and out of the province, especially Roxas City.
The crime efficiency solution rate of Capiz has been declining; it

decreased by nine percent from 2004 to 2006. Across the region, among the
provinces and highly urbanized cities, province of Capiz ranked second in
2004 and 2005, and first in 2006, with the lowest crime solution efficiency
rate.
Police Services
In 2007, there are 493 policemen employed to ensure the peace and
order of the province of Capiz. About 100 are stationed in Roxas City being
the capital of the province. The ratio of Capiz police force to population which
is 1:1,423 does not meet the national standard of 1:500 population (urban)
areas and 1:1,000 population (rural). This simply means that there is a need
to hire more policemen to meet the ideal police force to effectively ensure
peace and order in the province.
The province of Capiz has four jails, two of which are located in Roxas
City and the other two are in Dumalag and Mambusao. Of the four jails, three
are under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and one by
the Provincial Government of Capiz. The rest of the municipalities have
detention cells situated in their respective police stations.
The province of Capiz has one Rehabilitation Center under the

supervision of the provincial government which meets the required standard
of one jail per local government unit.
Province of Capiz
Fire Incidence
Fire incident in the province of Capiz has declined from 26 cases in

2005 to 22 cases in 2007. In 2007, majority of the fire incidents took place in
Roxas City where numerous commercial establishments and congested
houses are located.
For three years, the top five areas with the highest number of fire
incidents occurred in Roxas City (22), Dumarao (8), Tapaz (5), Cuartero (4),
and Panay (4). The municipality of Sapian has no recorded cases of fire
incident since 2005 to 2007.
Major causes of fire incidence had been due to low or lack of

knowledge of people on fire prevention measures, uncheck electrical wirings,
and mishandling of equipment that might set off the fire.
Fire Services
The province of Capiz in 2007 has 113 firemen under the direct
supervision of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP). Majority of them are in
Roxas City the rest are assigned in the Office of Provincial Fire Marshall and
respective municipalities with fire stations. The municipalities with fire station
are Dao, Dumalag, Dumarao, Ivisan, Jamindan, Mambusao, Sigma, and
Tapaz, the rest of the municipalities have no fire truck.
In totality, the City of Roxas and the province of Capiz met the required
standard ratio of one fire protection service per 20,000 population.
To complement the firemen’s effective delivery of fire protection

services, a total of 16 government-owned fire trucks are available for use
during fire emergency situation. Roxas City has three fire trucks and the
municipalities of Cuartero, Dao, Dumalag, Dumarao, Ivisan, Jamindan,
Mambusao Pilar, Pontevedra, Pres. Roxas, Sapian, Sigma, and Tapaz have
one fire truck each that is being managed and maintained by the municipal
Province of Capiz
government. Moreover, three fire trucks are owned by a non-government

organization volunteer, Capiz Citizens Action Group (CACAG). Fire truck ratio
to population is far below the standard ratio which is one fire truck per 28,000
population.
Map 18
Location of Security Facilities, Capiz
6.4 UTILITY/INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
6.4.1 Water and Sanitation
Water
The problem of potable water supply in the depressed far flung upland
and coastal areas in the province is the pressing concerns of both local and
national government. It has been observed that health problems caused by
water-borne diseases and bacteria are inevitable and it incurred a huge
amount of out of-pocket expenses on the part of the households.
Province of Capiz
Of the 116,944 households in 2007, about 89 percent or 103,987 have

access to safe/potable water. In Roxas City 98 percent of its households are
wholly dependent on the Level III water supply system of the Metro Roxas
Water District (MWRD). Of the 16 municipalities, Panay has the highest
percentage users of Level III because of its proximity to Roxas City and one of
the expansion areas of MRWD. Next to Panay, municipalities having their
own water district are Pontevedra, Pilar, Panitan, Dumalag and Mambusao.
Tapaz (with only 40 percent) being the farthest, has the lowest number of
households with access to safe water followed by Sapian (71 percent) then
Ivisan (84 percent).
The establishment of water districts and water system facilities under

the KALAHI-CIDSS, MRWD and LGUs, and the proliferation of purified water
business paved the way of minimizing the water supply problem in the
municipalities and making safe water accessible and available whole year
round.
Compared with other provinces and cities of Region VI that are using
Level III, Roxas City topped the list with 94 percent followed by Bacolod City
(85 percent), La Carlota City (65 percent) and Iloilo City (61 percent). In
terms of service connections, the top five areas are the following: Bacolod
City with 26,392; Iloilo City has 20,927; Roxas City has 15,955; Kalibo has
12,514 and La Carlota City with 5,891 service connections.
In Capiz, out of the seven water districts that are operating, Mambusao
has the highest minimum charge of 235 per 10 cubic meters while Dumarao
has the lowest with 120. The average water rate for the whole province is 175
per 10 cubic meters which is still higher compared to the regional average of
157. The seven water districts have total service connections of 19,442.
Province of Capiz
Sanitation
In 2007, about 83 percent of the households in Capiz are using

sanitary toilets and only 17 percent used unsanitary toilets. Except Roxas
City, the municipalities with the most number of households that are using
sanitary toilets are Dumalag (92 percent), Pilar (91 percent) and Mambusao
(90 percent) while Tapaz has the lowest with only 37 percent. Compared with
other provinces, Capiz ranks third after Iloilo and Negros Occidental with the
highest number of population with access to sanitary toilets and complete
sanitation facilities.
Map 19
Location of Water and Sanitation Facilities, Capiz
6.4.2 Power
The Capiz Electric Cooperative serves power to the majority of the

households. Out of 134,969 households, only 23 percent or 32,520
households have no power connections. In Roxas City, about 117 percent of
household have access to power facilities, with some having more than one
connection. Of the 16 municipalities, the top five municipalities with high
Province of Capiz
percentage of household connections are the following: Dumalag – 110

percent; Mambusao – 82 percent; Ivisan – 82 percent; Pontevedra – 81
percent and Panay 77 percent. Tapaz again has the lowest power connection
with 38 percent. CAPELCO is dependent on its power supply from National
Power Corporation through Salcon Power Corporation in Dingle, Iloilo.
The Transmission Company a privately owned is now under the

National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP). The NGCP through
National Power Corporation contribute 65 percent of electricity to CAPELCO,
and the remaining 35 percent is being supplied by another privately-owned
company, ENERVANTAGE.
The CAPELCO Panitan Sub-Station being rehabilitated and operated

by Integrated Power Plant started its operation last January of this year.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
6.4.3 Drainage/Flood Control
The 152 km Panay River that stretches to different municipalities not

only supplied potable, agricultural and industrial water but it also drains water
from flooded or flood prone municipalities downstream. Panay River
originates from Nacuron mountain range near Capiz-Aklan boundary. It flows
in a northeast direction and is joined by its major tributaries: Badbaran,
Mambusao and Maayon Rivers. Farther downstream, at Paslang area in the
municipalities of Panitan and Panay, the river bifurcates into two, the lower
Panay River and the Pontevedra (Agbalo) River. The lower Panay River flows
in northernly direction through the municipality of Panay and the City of Roxas
and eventually drains into Capiz Bay. Pontevedra River flows in an easternly
direction through the municipality of Pontevedra and finally to the Tinagong
Dagat estuary. The lower Panay River, near the point of bifurcation, is
presently silted which now makes the Pontevedra River the main course of
floodwater.
The Panay River Basin covers an area of approximately 2,181 square

kilometers. The basin is located on the northeastern part of Panay Island in
the Western Visayas Region and spread over to almost the entire province of
Capiz with only a small portion lying within the provinces of Iloilo and Aklan.
The basin is bounded on the south by the province of Iloilo and on the west by
Panay highlands which separate it from the province of Antique. The
northwestern boundary is the province of Aklan and on the northern part is the
Sapian Bay.
The Panay River Basin suffers perennial flooding which is the major
constraint to the economic development of these areas. The municipalities
identified as flood prone areas are: Dao, Dumarao, Cuartero, Sigma,
Mambusao, Panay, Pontevedra, Panitan, Dumalag, Maayon and Tapaz. The
resident of these 12 municipalities and Roxas City experience flooding one to
three times annually. According to the 2000 data published by the Civil
Defense Office, DND, Region VI, flood levels go as high as half meters to
Province of Capiz
about 7 meters or more. Flood water stays an average of 4 days in higher

elevation to ten days draining period in lower elevation.
Natural causes of flooding are: heavy rains, high tide, and slow river
flows. Human interference such as: siltation, illegal structures, dikes, and
fishponds; inadequate drainage, flow obstruction, dead river or creek,
improper garbage disposal, erosion and slow infiltration also contribute
flooding.
In 2008 Typhoon Frank devastated the Province and caused damages

on agriculture, infrastructure and properties/houses amounting to
1,978,832,194 pesos. Number of persons affected totalled to 383,693 or
70,053 families. Casualties totaled to 154 where 26 dead, 124 injured and 4
were missing. During the disaster, evacuation centers established and
organized by the PDCC and MDCC is 322 which 14,189 families or 83,561
persons were sheltered and served.
The target PPAs that would ultimately mitigate disaster caused by

flooding are the construction of Panay Floodway; dredging of Panay River and
creeks; reforestation of denuded areas; construction of river control structures
and diversion channel; improvement of drainage condition; removal of illegal
structures along river banks; advocacy on proper garbage and waste
disposal; regulate cutting of trees; and control/limit construction of houses on
danger areas.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
6.4.4 Solid Waste Management
For garbage disposal, out of 128,569 households, 66 percent of the

households have their solid waste burned; 13 percent allow garbage truck to
pick up their wastes; ten percent dumped in individual pit (not burned); four
percent feed them to animals; four percent disposed through composting
(later used as fertilizer); four percent bury; while half percent utilized other
method.
The province of Capiz has complied with the mandatory requirements

of the Republic Act 9003 such as Section 21 - Segregation at Source, Section
23 - Segregated Collection, Section 33 - Recovery/Recycling System and
Section 37 – Closure/Conversion of Open Dumps to Controlled Disposal
Facilities.
The Segregation at Source of the province has a compliance rate of

six. It has 17 Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) and 15 Junkshops, the
province has 17 MRFs and 15 junkshops serving 473 barangays with a
compliance rate of 100 percent. For Disposal Facility Operation, eight
municipalities have Open Disposal Facility, eight municipalities have
Controlled Disposal Facility, and only the municipality of Panay has no
disposal facility since the topography is not suitable as per DENR study. With
this situation, the city government of Roxas and the municipality of Panay has
come to a memorandum of agreement allowing the said municipality to utilize
the disposal facility of Roxas City located at Barangay Sibaguan.
The province of Capiz has 14 approved Solid Waste Management Plan

while three municipalities are on the process of approval by the National Solid
Waste Management Commission.
For the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board, out of the 16

municipalities, 14 municipalities are in active status, one municipality needs to
be reorganized and two municipalities are in-active status. The Provincial
Province of Capiz
Solid Waste Management Board needs to be reorganized in order to

formulate the Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan.
The problem on the acquisition of the support systems in the

municipalities like garbage truck (at least one unit per municipality and five
units in Roxas City) and at least five shredder machines in every
municipality/city is the target of the Local Government Chief Executives.
Another concern that needs immediate action is the education through
information campaign on ecological solid waste management which
includes/encompasses the following: classification/segregation of solid waste;
waste reduction and re-use of tips; composting; vermin-composting and
establishment of material recovery facility.
The absence of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and

Solid Waste Management Plan will affect the active performance of the local
government units who had already organized their Municipal Solid Waste
Management Board and formulated their Solid Waste Management Plan.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Table 18
Local Service Standards vs. Capiz Province Existing Trends, 2007
Existing Trends
Services Standard
2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007
Education and Culture

Elementary
Classroom
Roxas City Division 34.26 33.80 32.84 1 per 40 pupils
Capiz Division 29.60 28.42 28.89
Teacher 1 per 40 pupils
Roxas City Division 34.61 33.24 33.28
Capiz Division 29.29 27.73 32.40
Library Separate building or room, well-
Roxas City Division lighted, ventilated, free from noise,
Capiz Division accessible and centrally located
Teacher-Librarian 1 per 500 or less pupils

Full and part-time teacher librarian 1 each per 501-1,000 pupils
Full time librarian and part time 1 per 1,000-2,000 pupils
teacher-librarian
Full time librarian 1 for every additional 1,000 pupils
Secondary
Classroom
Roxas City Division 36.45 26.80 37.04 1 per 40-45 pupils
Capiz Division 40.60 40.09 38..35
Teacher 1 per 40-45 pupils
Librarian Separate building or room, well-

lighted, ventilated, free from noise,
accessible and centrally located
Librarian No available data 1 per enrollment of

Teacher-Librarian 500 or less students
Full and part-time teacher librarian 501-1,000 students
Full time librarian and part time 1,000 – 2,000 students
teacher-librarian
Full time librarian 1 full time librarian each CRAASH, Additional 1,000 students
CAPSU,CNHS, Philippine
Craftsmen
Sports and Recreation
Municipality/City Park Presence 1 park with a minimum of 5,000 sq.

meters in area per 1,000 population
and maximum walking distance of
100-150 meters
Sports and Athletics Presence Public playfield/ athletic field with

minimum of 0.5 hectare per 1,000
inhabitants
1 sports facility per barangay
Natural Environment Area Presence Presence of natural, undisturbed

and scenic areas suitable for
recreation, scientific and ecological
significance consisting of forest,
water resources and other land
forms
Health
Crude Birth Rate 1.5 (2007)/1,000 live births

Crude Death Rate 5.21/1,000 live births
Infant Mortality Rate 9/1,000 live births
Under 5 Mortality Rat 13.6/1,000 live births
Maternal Mortality Rate 69 119 155
Province of Capiz
Existing Trends
Services Standard
2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007
Medical and Allied Personnel

Doctors (ratio) 1:25464 1:25796 1:28054 1/20,000 population
Nurses (ratio) 1:19644 1:19900 1:25048 1 per 20,000 population
Midwives (ratio) 1:3974 1;3910 1:3771 1 per 5,000 population
Dentists (number) - - 21 1 per 50,000 population
RSI (number) 25 26 23 1 per 20,000 population
BHW (number) - - 5,160 1 per 20 households
BNS (number) 24 24 24 1 per barangay
Health Educator - - - 1 per 50,000 population
Medical Transport
Ambulance (number) 21 21 21 1 per LGU
Service Vehicle - - - 1 per LGU
Hospital Bed Capacity
Primary Hospital 10 bed capacity
Secondary Hospital 25 to 50 bed capacity

Tapaz District Hospital 25 beds
Sen. Gerry Roxas District Hospital 25 beds
Bailan District Hospital 50 beds
Mambusao District Hospital 50 beds
Capiz Doctor’s Hospital 55 beds
Tertiary Hospital 75 to 100 bed capacity

RMPH 100 beds
St. Anthony College Hospital 135 beds
Capiz Emmanuel Hospital 100 beds
Housing
Housing Backlog 11,725 units
Ratio of household population to 1:101

occupied Housing Units
Security 2005 2006 2007
Crime Volume 494 483 519

Crime Rate 6.29 6.15 6.61
Crime Solution Efficiency Rate 92.03 87.57
Poverty 2000 2003 2006
Annual Per Capita Poverty 40.8 21.6 24.3

Incidence
Annual Per Capita Poverty P 10.536 P 11,298 P 14,242
Threshold
Annual Per Capita Food Threshold P 7,297 P 7737 P 9,638
Magnitude of Poor Families 53,542 28,711 34,986
Percentage Share of Poor Families 1.3 0.7 0.7
Protective Services
Police Force
Roxas City (ratio) 1:1,000 1 per 500 population (urban)
Municipalities 1 per 1,000 population (rural)
Fire Protection Service 1 per 2,000 population

14 firemen per truck
Fire truck (ratio) 1:48,000 1 fire truck per 28,000 population

(number) 8
Jail Services 1 jail per LGU

Detention cell (number) 34
Jail (number) 4
Welfare Services
Women’s Desk 17 including Roxas City 1 per LGU

Office of Senior Citizens Affairs 9 municipalities 1 per LGU
Day Care Center/ Feeding Center 444 barangays w/ DCC 1 per LGU
Province of Capiz
Existing Trends
Services Standard
2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007
Rehabilitation Center (for victims of none 1 per LGU

drug abuse, vagrants, victims of
disasters, calamities, child
abuse, etc.)
Adult Community Education none 1 per LGU
Program
Environment Protection
Solid Waste Managem ent 16 municipalities have controlled 100% collection and disposal
dumpsites
2000 Manner of Garbage Disposal

 Picked up by garbage truck 16, 126
 Burning 84,450
 Dumping in individual pit 12,634
 Feeding to animal 5,123
 Composting 4,947
 Burying 530
 Others
Total 2000 Households 128,569
Pollution Control Absence of air, water and industrial

pollutants 100% free from toxic and
hazardous substances
Buildings and Facilities
Municipal/City Hall/ Provincial Presence

Capitol
Socio-cultural Center Presence
Museum Presence Presence
Barangay, Municipal, City and None
Provincial Library or Reading
Center
ECONOMIC SERVICES
Infrastructure Services & Existing
Road Network
Provincial Road 406 kms. Connecting all component

municipalities/cities (except island
municipal/city)
City/Municipality Road 90 kms. Connecting major clusters of

population to the city or town proper
Feeder Road (Barangay road, rural 1,205 kms. Connecting all barangays to
road, or farm-to-market road) municipal, city or provincial road
Water Supply and Sanitation
Total Households 140,433

Level I 73,362 Point source (such as rain collector,
wells and springs) generally for rural
areas where houses are scattered
too thinly to justify a distribution
system
Level II 8,109 Communal faucet system generally

for rural areas where houses are
clustered densely enough to justify
a piped distribution system to a
number of households
Level III 44,250 Piped system with individual

connection in urban areas, with avg
output of 150 liters per person per
day
Households without access to safe 15,557

water
Province of Capiz
Existing Trends
Services Standard
2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007
Number of households using Sanitary 117,172

Toilets
Percentage f households using 83.44%

Sanitary Toilets
Number of households without 23,261

access to Sanitary Toilets
Power/Electricity (2008)
Number of households with electricity 107,645
Percent to total households 76.80%
Number of households without 32,520

electricity
Percent of households without 23.20%

electricity
Sewerage Services
NONE Existence of functional sewer

system
Absence of stagnant water

formation
Market and Slaughterhouse
At least 1 per municipality located in Accessible from all directions and

strategic area with required section through all modes of transportation
and facilities.
Site located in urban area
GPK project and monetary award has
impact on the improvem ent and Standard sections and facilities
establishment of these facilities Wet section
Semi-wet section
Dry goods section
Storage facilities
Eateries
Parking space
Running water
Proper lighting
Proper ventilation
Drainage
Treatment plant or settling pond
6.5 OTHER SERVICES AND UTILITIES
Women and Children
Based on the data from PSWDO and CSWDO, the number of cases of
violence against women increased from 16 in 2005 to 107 in 2007. For three
years, the municipalities with the highest number of cases recorded are
Roxas City (168), Dumarao (12), Jamindan (7), Mambusao (6), and Ivisan,
Province of Capiz
Maayon and Sigma (4). The municipalities of Cuartero and Panitan posted
zero violence against women case from 2005-2007.
The number of child abuse cases decreased by 70 from 2005 (185) to

2007 (115). From 2005-2007, the areas with the highest number of child
abuse cases recorded are Roxas City (303), Sigma (16), Dumarao (11),
Jamindan (11), Maayon (9), Sapian (9), Dumalag (8), Ivisan (7), Pontevedra
(7), and Tapaz (7).
The recorded cases of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in the
province have been increasing from 20 in 2005 to 182 in 2007. For three
years, Roxas City presented the highest number of CICL with 315 cases
followed by Pontevedra (5), Ivisan (3), Jamindan (3), Maayon (3), Panay (2),
Mambusao (1), Pilar (1), Sigma (1), and Tapaz (1). The municipalities of
Cuartero, Dao, Dumalag, Dumarao, Panitan, Pres. Roxas and Sapian posted
zero cases of children in conflict with the law.
There are 18 Women and Children Protection Desks established in the

province. These are located in every police station of the 16 municipalities,
Roxas City and Police Provincial Office. Apparently, the province met the
standard of one Women’s Desk for every local government unit.
Serving the women and children who are victims of abuse, nine
Women Crisis Centers (WCC) are established in the municipalities of Dao,
Dumarao, Ivisan, Mambusao, Pres. Roxas, and Sigma. Aside from the WCC,
two pink rooms were set-up in the municipalities of Pres. Roxas and Sigma.
The Women Crisis Center is a one-stop venue to conduct the

necessary processes concerning cases of women and children who are
victims of abused, and may also serve as a temporary shelter for them. The
center is being managed and maintained by the respective municipality. Also,
the provincial government has given materials support for the center.
Province of Capiz
Moreover, six Stimulation and Therapeutic Centers (STAC) were

established through the help and support of the Breaking Barriers for Children
to help children with special needs. These are located in the municipalities of
Cuartero, Dao, Dumalag, Dumarao, Ivisan, Pilar and Pontevedra, and Roxas
City. Its program is focused to conduct therapy and special education classes
to children who are physically and mentally challenged. Another component of
the program is the conduct of Parents Effectiveness Service for parents of the
said children. Unfortunately, the support of Breakings Barriers for Children is
only until 2007. The sustainability of the program is dependent on the capacity
and willingness of the municipal government to continuously deliver the
services for its clients.
There is a need to establish a facility in the province that would help

children and women who are victims of abuse including those children in
conflict with the law to help them with their needs. The ten municipalities and
city should also establish Women Crisis Center and Pink Room or any facility
to cater the abused children and women in their respective municipality.
Senior Citizen
As of 2007 a total of 23, 343 senior citizens who have registered or

were given senior citizen’s identification card by the Social Welfare and
Development Office. The top five municipalities with the highest number of
senior citizens are Pontevedra (3,105), Dao (2,806), Mambusao (2,378),
Tapaz (1,976), and President Roxas (1,577).
Although all municipalities/city have organized the Senior Citizens

Association, only nine have established the Senior Citizens Center in 2007.
They are the municipalities of Cuartero, Dao, Ivisan, Maayon, Mambusao,
Pontevedra, Sapian and Tapaz, and Roxas City. The Center serves as the
Office of the Senior Citizens Association and venue for all senior citizens
concerns and activities.
Province of Capiz
There are still eight municipalities that need to establish the Senior
Citizens Center to meet the standard of one Office of Senior Citizens Affair per
local government unit.
Persons with Disabilities
More than 12 percent of the region’s disabled persons belong to the

province of Capiz. With 8,680 disabled persons, Capiz ranked third, among
the provinces with the highest number of disabled persons. Of the total
number 48.79 percent of them or 4,235 are males and 51.21 percent or 4,445
are females, meaning that there are more disabled females than males.
Given the type of disability, low vision ranked first with 3,262 followed
by total blindness (797), partial deafness (475), hard of hearing (471), total
blindness (360), and total deafness (300). Further, there are more disabled
females than males except in all type of disability except for total deafness
with 155 males and 145 females.
But in 2007, the Provincial Social Welfare Development Office

accounted 4,764 persons with disabilities. The top five municipalities with the
highest number of disabled persons are (1) Panay (976), (2) Pontevedra
(462), (3) Roxas City (349), (4) Sigma (347), and (5) Dumarao (323).
The provincial government gives technical assistance for and to the

organization of the persons with disabilities and provides financial assistance
to individuals who are in crisis situation. Furthermore, it gives referral to non-
government organizations that could be of help to these persons particularly
those who have difficulty in their mobility. However, there are still three
municipalities, Maayon, Pilar and Pontevedra, have not organized persons
with disabilities in their respective municipality. Organization of and provision
of identification cards to persons with disabilities is essential for them to avail
and enjoy the benefits as provided for by the Magna Carta for Disabled
Persons.
Province of Capiz
Day Care Center
In 2007, 444 out of 473 barangays have established at least one day
care center or 571 day care centers to cater the needs of 3-5 year old
children. The municipalities of Dumalag, Ivisan, Maayon, Mambusao, Pilar,
Pontevedra, Sapian, and Sigma have established a day care center in all
barangays.
On the other the hand, one barangay in the municipality of Cuartero,

two in Dao, three in Dumarao, four in Jamindan, three in Panay, two in
Panitan, one in Pres. Roxas and eight in Roxas City have not established a
day care center. This may be due to lack or insufficient funds of the local
government unit, lack of day care workers, less number of enrollees,
destroyed building/day care center, etc.
The provincial government provides program materials for day care

centers, rehabilitation and construction of day care centers, training of day
care workers and support services for parents by providing Parents Education
Service (PES) seminar and Empowerment and Reaffirmation of Parental
Activities and Training (ERPAT)
Indigenous People
There are two kinds of indigenous peoples that are present in the
province. They are the Ati who are commonly found in the municipality of
Dumarao and Panay Bukidnon in the municipalities of Jamindan and Tapaz.
They are organized and have their own Tribal Councils which are being
assisted by the National Council for Indigenous Peoples (NCIP).
However, there is no available updated data on their population. Also, it

is observed that they have limited access to basic services due to the far
distance of IP communities to the poblacion.
Province of Capiz
The provincial government’s programs, among others, include

educational assistance at all educational levels to indigent IPs. In partnership
with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), the provincial
government would like to empower indigenous people communities through
the implementation of TUMANDOK. This program includes the establishment
of schools for living tradition in Dumarao, Jamindan and Tapaz; celebration of
National Indigenous Peoples Month; Inter-cultural Youth Camp; and technical
and financial assistance for the preservation of culture and establishment of
social networks and linkages. It also provides financial support to individuals
who are in difficult situation.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
6.5 POVERTY
Annual Per Capita Poverty Incidence
In 2006, Capiz has the lowest poverty incidence among provinces in

Region VI, while Negros Occidental has the highest percentage of families (or
individuals) whose income fall below the poverty threshold and/or cannot
afford in a sustained manner to provide their basic needs of foods, health,
education, housing and other amenities of life. The cost of basic and non-
food requirements is higher in this area. Unlike with other provinces that have
a fluctuating trend, Capiz maintained its ascending trend and ranks fifth in
2006.
The low poverty incidence in Capiz (24) is attributed by improved

economic activity and employment opportunity both in the local and foreign
countries. It has a lower poverty incidence compared with the country’s 27
percent. In Region VI, Iloilo ranks first while Capiz place second.
Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold
For the annual per capita poverty threshold, 2006 survey result
revealed that Capiz ranks fifth (P14,242.00) followed by Negros Occidental
having the least.
Annual Per Capita Food Threshold
Capiz consistently (from 2000-2006) ranks first in terms of annual per

capita food threshold level. Being an agriculture-based industries and the
Seafood Capital of the Philippines contributed much to the food threshold of
Capizeños. The province of Capiz still has the lowest percentage of poverty
food threshold level compared with that of the regional and national.
Province of Capiz
Magnitude of Poor Families
In the magnitude of poor families Capiz ranks third in the overall

standing. Guimaras being the newly created province in Western Visayas
Region, has the lowest magnitude of poor families and population and also of
percentage share to the total poor. Negros Occidental has the highest
followed by Iloilo. The region contributed an average of ten percent to the
nation’s total poor.
6.5.1 Extent of Poverty
Poverty could be measured in terms of several factors one of which is

the Human Development Index (HDI) which is computed using data on life
expectancy, education and income. The table on life expectancy shows that
Capiz exhibited an improving life expectancy from 1994 to 2000. In 1994, the
average life span of Capizeños was 62.64 years. This went up to 64.64 years
in 1997 and 66.57 years in 2000. The province though only ranked fourth
among provinces in the region with Iloilo having the highest life expectancy at
70.10 years.
In terms of education, Capiz had the lowest functional literacy rate in

Region VI at 76.45 in 1994, meaning only about 77 percent of the people here
in the province can communicate effectively, solve problems scientifically,
creatively and think critically, use resources sustainably and be productive.
Iloilo and Guimaras had the highest rate with 84. This result could be
supported by the fact that the combined enrolment rate in the province
showed an abnormal change. From 74 percent in 1994, this went up by more
than 10 percentage points to 86 percent in 1997 but slowed down to 78
percent in 2000. The result contradicted those of the other provinces in the
region and the country as a whole as their rates showed increasing trends
during the same period.
Province of Capiz
The table on income revealed that all provinces in Region VI had

increasing real per capita income levels with Capiz exhibiting a tremendous
leap of about 6,000 pesos from 1994 to 1997. This result could be well
validated if the 2000 data is accurate. Despite this substantial increase, the
province’s income level was still lower compared to other provinces in the
region.
Considering that the province did not put up substantial figures in these
three areas, its Human Development Index (HDI) suffered as it was registered
at 0.493 in 1994 (second lowest in the region). Its good to note that the index
went up to 0.543 three years after but in 2000 the HDI was down again to
0.504, still second worse in the region with Antique having the worst at 0.503.
Capiz was included in the list as it ranked 23rd with a poverty incidence
of 0.4936, meaning nearly half or 50 percent of Capizeños were below the
poverty level in that year. Three provinces in Region VI were included in the
ranking with Antique occupying the 30th slot with 0.4724 poverty incidence
and Aklan at the 33rd place with 0.4648. Sulu was the number one ranked
province with the highest poverty incidence of 0.6753.
In Region VI, Iloilo province had the lowest poverty incidence of 0.4007
in 2005 after registering a low 0.1705 poverty incidence in its urban areas
Capiz, on the other hand occupied the second highest with a poverty
incidence of 0.2892 in urban areas and the highest percentage of 0.5752 in
the rural areas.
If there was a sort of consolation for Capiz in terms of poverty, the

2003 figures gave some. For one, the magnitude of poor families in the
province decreased from more than 50,000 in year 2000 to almost half in
2003. In fact, it was only Negros Occidental which registered the same trend.
With this decrease, the incidence of poor families in the province also
lessened from more than 40 percent to a little over 20 percent over the same
period.
Province of Capiz
6.5.2 Location of Poverty Concentration/Prevalence
Among municipalities in Capiz, Jamindan had the highest poverty

incidence in 2005 at 0.6350 resulting to a poverty gap of 0.2338 and poverty
severity of 0.1096. This was followed by Maayon, Pilar and Tapaz with
poverty incidences of 0.6239, 0.5939 and 0.5909, respectively. Eleven other
municipalities registered poverty incidence higher than the provincial level of
0.4936. Only Sigma had the lower figure of 0.4734 while Roxas City revealed
the lowest poverty incidence at 0.2588.
Employment opportunities in the province are very limited. Seasonal

production of agricultural crops, low production, limited area for agricultural
activities and occurrence of calamities also contribute to poor living condition
of Capizeños. The steep elevation, lack of farm to markets roads and post
harvest facilities also affects farming activities in the countryside.
6.5.3 Key Conditions and Factors Contributing to Poverty
In the province of Capiz, factors that affect the welfare of the poor and
contribute to poverty are indicated below:
a. Economy is highly dependent on agri-fishery and Overseas Foreign

Workers;
b. High cost of farm and fishpond inputs brought about by high
transportation cost and/or fuel cost;
c. Unutilized skilled resources due to limited employment opportunities
d. High under/ unemployment rate of the population belonging to labor
force;
e. Low income and low production of agricultural crops and fishery
products due to frequent devastation of flash floods, typhoons and
infestations;
f. Low production per unit area but high cost of farm inputs
g. Lack of capital to start up other business/investments;
Province of Capiz
h. Limited livelihood program from NGOs and government sectors and

inadequate financial resources for government projects;
i. Collateralized bank loans/ too many requirements of lending
institutions and non pro-poor credit services;
j. Absence of Economic Development Plans and Investment and
Incentive Code;
k. Rampant conversion/reclassification of agricultural lands to
residential/commercial uses
l. Limited area for high value crops, poultry, livestock and fish
production;
m. High cost of water and electricity thereby unattractive to investors;
n. Presence of middlemen, no price control on agricultural and fishery
products, disorganized market system and poor market support and
linkages;
o. Limited access to basic social and infrastructure services and
facilities;
p. Negative politics and graft and corruption;
q. Lack of affordable housing units;
r. Unavailability of affordable drugs and medicines in public hospitals
and high out-of-pocket hospital expenses of the Capizeños;
6.5.4 Poverty Reduction Strategies, Programs and Projects vis-à-vis

Industries and Local Factors
To combat and reduce poverty in the province, a series of workshops

participated in by different sectors was conducted. During the plenary, issues
and concerns were raised and considered. As a tool to reduce poverty the
following sectoral strategies were formulated:
Economy
1. Support/ promotion of community-based enterprises;

2. Formulate Economic Development Plan, Provincial Environment
Code and Investment and Incentive Code;
Province of Capiz
3. Promotion and development of entrepreneurship;

4. Encourage private sector-led investment in priority areas;
5. Establishment of Bagsakan Center and organized market linkages;
6. Construction of agri-fishery support services and facilities;
7. Construction of Post harvest facilities and cold storage;
8. Creation/innovation of more globally competitive products;
9. Strengthen exportation of cutfoliage and other products to other
countries especially in Japan;
10. Conversion of government-owned facilities into economic
enterprises;
Education
1. Provide equitable access to quality and relevant education in all

levels;
2. Improve educational system in terms of quality graduates;
3. Sustain innovative practices in Child Friendly School System;
Health
1. Expansion of Parallel Drug Importation program;

2. Provide access to essential basic health services;
3. Develop better and sustainable financing for health;
4. Provide quality and affordable health services; and
5. Improve health system performance;
6. Lobby for the expansion of PhilHealth benefit packages;
7. Strengthening of the Inter Local Health Zones (ILHZs);
8. Construction of additional private rooms in government/public
hospitals for private patients
9. Advocate for the mandatory budgetary allocation by LGUs within
ILHZs to core referral hospital;
Province of Capiz
Eco-Cultural Tourism
1. Inventory of tourism attractions, cultural mapping and counseling;

2. Conservation of parks, marine, forest and mangroves;
3. Establish Tourism Office and display center to showcase Capiz
different products;
4. Strengthening of festivals management and promotion of traditional
arts;
5. Support environment-friendly enterprises;
6. Enhancement of public safety and social defense;
7. Develop cultural heritage museum;
8. Establish and develop tourist spots;
9. Empowerment of indigenous peoples communities;
10. Research and documentation of the folklore of Capiz;
Infrastructure
1. Construction/improvement and rehabilitation of health facilities,

farm-to-market roads and all road networks;
2. Rehabilitation of Panay and Mambusao river irrigation systems;
3. Expansion of water and power transmission lines in far- flung areas;
4. Establishment of inter-provincial bus terminal;
5. Construction of inter-provincial roads.
Province of Capiz
7. LAND USE AND PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK
7.1 Existing Land Use, Trends and Potential Expansion
From 2002 to 2007, Production lands constitute the biggest share at 76

percent of the total in 2002 but decreased to 60 percent in 2007. Protective
lands, on the other hand, have an increasing share from 11 percent in 2002 to
23 percent in 2007. Built-up areas likewise increased from 6 percent to 10
percent share respectively followed by protection – 11% to 23% share - and
built-up areas with 6% to 10% percentage share.
Table 19
Existing Land Use Distribution, Capiz, 2002 and 2007
Increase/
2002 2007
Land Use Distribution/ Decrease
Province Share Area Share
Area (hectares) %
(%) (hectares) (%)
CAPIZ 263,317.00 100.00 263,317.00 100.00 -
Built-up Settlement Area 15,896.00 6.04 25,768.00 9.79 3.75

Protection Areas 29,791.00 11.31 61,284.00 23.27 11.96
Production Land 200,377.00 76.10 158,779.00 60.30 (15.80)
Other Areas 17,253.00 6.55 17,486.00 6.64 0.09
Source:
7.1.1 Trends
The decrease in share of production land can be attributed to

conversion of some production areas such as fishpond, and Riceland to
residential/commercial purposes. Built-up area has significantly increased by
62.10 percent from 15,896 hectares in 2002 to 25,768 hectares in 2007 or an
increase of about 10,000 hectares. This can be attributed to the proliferation
of subdivisions and premature conversion of land for other purposes in Roxas
City, Panay, Ivisan and other municipalities.
Protection areas on the other hand include among others the irrigated
and irrigable area, critical watershed and mangroves. The increased of
protection areas by 31,493 hectares within a span of five years from 29,791 in
Province of Capiz
2002 to 61,284 hectares in 2007 can be attributed to the inclusion of severely

eroded areas, SAFDZ and other protected zones along rivers and creeks.
On the other hand, in terms of the utilization of production land – which

include agricultural lands, fishing grounds, coastal and marine zones, and
production forest which comprise lands 18 percent to 50 percent in slope
gradient -- for crop, fishery, livestock and poultry production,, agro forestry,
mining, industry, and tourism basically depend on the landowner’s/tiller’s
prerogative or may dictated by climatic conditions and economic
opportunities. Though several production lands (Irrigated Riceland,
corn/sugarcane land, coconut areas, and fishery) are relatively utilized in a
sustainable way, there is still a need for improvement and development to
enhance production and productivity. Subsequently, areas which have agri-
fishery industrial and tourism development potentials were under utilized if not
overly used and exploited -- especially those brackish water fishponds within
the coastal and marine zones; areas highly suitable for diversified crops-agro-
forestry, and; production forest area which are suitable for forest plantation
and tourism development.
Nonetheless, the minimal productivity of agri-fisheries and tourism areas

can be attributed to: lack or inadequate infrastructure and other support
facilities and services for agriculture, fisheries , and tourism activities;
weak/poor coordination and complementation between the national
government agencies and LGUs in the implementation of various projects,
especially intended for the development of agricultural infrastructure support
facilities and services which aim to provide support and improve agricultural
productivity.
Also, with an increasing demand for lands for settlements expansion,

especially with Roxas City aiming to be the Northern Panay Commercial
District, more lands had been reclassified, converted, and or prematurely
converted. This resulted to decreasing production areas for food, especially
those intended for marine fisheries and aquaculture production. Likewise,
several unclassified lands had been reclassified as alienable and disposable
Province of Capiz
which otherwise intended to be utilized to provide support for food security

and or to maintain the ecological balance for environmental stability.
Moreover, forest cover of critical watershed and other environmentally

fragile areas were denuded and are still subjected to constant degradation.
Resources intended to provide support for food security and to maintain the
ecological balance are depleted due to exploitation, settlements intrusion,
unsound management practice, and premature conversion of land for urban
use. As a result, built-up and production lands in the low lying areas were also
greatly affected. These areas experience perennial flooding problems,
particularly during monsoon heavy rains.
The trends of development in the province of Capiz is basically

sustaining its agricultural production and productivity and towards expansion
of built-up areas for settlements development. However, economic activity
and development in the province were always slowed down because of
constant flooding; low agricultural productivity, and, poor or inadequate
agricultural infrastructure and other infra support facilities and services. Map
24 shows the existing land use of the province.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
7.2 PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK
The physical framework will guide future physical developments and

the location of PPAs in the province. It is composed of several proposed
general components (settlements, protection, production, and transport/other
infrastructure) geared towards sustainable development for the province of
Capiz.
7.2.1 Initial Settlement Growth - Demand (A)
The initial settlement growth (Map 25) shows the existing built-up areas
and the likely directions of urban expansion as determined on the analysis of
future population growth and expansion and inputs from local land use plans.
This also indicates the demand for land as settlements were expected to grow
and expand geographically.
Roxas City, as major urban center, is likely expected to significantly

grow and expand within and toward the surrounding areas especially on the
eastern and southern portion. Its adjacent municipalities will likely expand
towards Roxas City. Growth and expansion in the municipalities will be within
and along its surrounding urban barangay especially areas along the major
highways. Growth will likely also to occur in the satellite barangay of several
municipalities. It is estimated that 204 hectares of land will be needed for
expansion of built-up areas by the end of the planning period.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
7.2.2 Initial Settlements and Protection Land Use
Overlaying the Initial settlement growth (Map 25) with Protection lands
(Map 11) the Initial settlement growth and protection land use (Map 26) was
assessed and analyzed for any conflict of use. The following was observed to
show the likely conflicting uses of lands for settlements, protection, and
production use, to wit:
a. Built-up land uses within flood prone area especially Cuartero, Dao,
Dumalag, Jamindan, Mambusao, maayon, Panay, Panitan,
Pontevedra, Sigma, and portion of Roxas City.
b. Built-up land uses encroaching into prime agricultural lands
especially in Mambusao, Sigma, Roxas City, and other
municipalities.
c. Built-up land uses encroaching into protection areas in built-up
areas, especially the cutting of mangroves and of the Illegal settlers
encroaching along the rivers and other critical waterways leaving no
buffer zones in Roxas City, Panay, Pontevedra, Sigma, and other
municipalities.
d. Encroachment of settlement of the claimants of ancestral domain
within the proclaimed military reservation in the municipality of
Tapaz and Jamindan.
e. Encroachment of settlement within proclaimed timberland areas
especially in the municipality of Dumarao, Panay, Pontevedra,
tapaz, and Jamindan.
f. Agricultural and other non-built-up production areas encroaching
into forest protection areas especially upland settlements and
farming activities in forest protection and or severely eroded areas in
the municipalities of Dumalag, Maayon, Cuartero, and Tapaz.
Province of Capiz
g. Areas considered Protected within unclassified public land has been

declared as A&D especially in Roxas City.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
7.2.3 Integration of Other Land Use Requirements
Settlement Framework Component
The province of Capiz in line with the Regional Physical Framework

Plan (RPFP) shall pursue settlement development with Roxas City being the
center of trade, commerce, education and industry and considered as the
Northern Panay commercial center with Panay and Ivisan as satellite
municipalities for settlement development.
The current and proposed hierarchy of settlement (Map 27) shall follow
the direction of population growth in satellite barangays, in the poblaciones
and along the highways.
The three municipalities of Mambusao, Dumarao in second district and

Pontevedra in first district, will remain as the agri-industrial centers for their
respective congressional districts. Their corresponding satellite municipalities
will support and complement them in terms of its agricultural products, social
infrastructure facilities and amenities and other resources.
The province in coordination with MLGUs shall strictly regulate

population pressure in highly protected, critical or flood prone and production
areas.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Protection Framework Component
As the province of Capiz has two distinct proclaimed areas for

protection (Map 28); the Panay River Watershed Forest Reserve pursuant to
Presidential Proclamation No. 599 in Tapaz; and the Military Reservation
situated in the municipalities of Tapaz and Jamindan proclaimed under
Presidential Proclamation No. 67 signed by then President Diosdado
Macapagal in 1965, the province through the LGUs and agencies concerned
will pursue to work and resolve the long existing conflict on ancestral domain
and boundary dispute, and to rehabilitate, reforest, develop and protect this
areas that serve as watershed area of the Panay River.
Also, the province through the municipal LGUs shall be working to

define appropriate urban development limits and to prevent encroachment of
settlements in environmentally critical and disaster prone areas. Delineation of
buffer zones in waterways, protection lands and other environmentally critical
areas shall be also properly addressed and incorporated through updating
and approval of the respective MCLUPs.
Pressure on protection lands -- NIPAS, non-NIPAS, and other

environmentally fragile areas -- shall be strictly regulated if not totally
prohibited. As a policy, supply of lands for settlements use shall be taken
outside those highly restricted areas for conversion as indicated in RA 8435.
Environment friendly measures that will protect and enhance the

natural base, provision of technical assistance to regulate population pressure
and other agricultural and forest activities in consonance with sound
management practices to conserve and protect the natural resource base will
be pursued. Mangrove sanctuaries in the six coastal municipalities (Panay,
Panitan, Pilar, Pres. Roxas, Ivisan and Sapian) and Roxas City will be
established which will be complimented by the reserved upland forest in the
inland municipalities particularly Jamindan, Tapaz, Dumarao, Maayon, Pilar,
Sapian, Ivisan, Sigma and Mambusao.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Production Framework Component
The goal of the production framework (Map 29) components is

basically sustainable agricultural productivity and tourism development in
which paving the way towards agri-fishery industrialization with eco-tourism.
The primary consideration is the rational utilization of its land and water
resources for food security and a wholesome environment that will attract both
domestic and foreign investors and tourists. Likewise, a countryside agri-
industrial development strategy in line with the regional and national goals
shall be pursued and adopted -- strategies which emphasize a shift from basic
agricultural economy to a diversified agri-industrial economy – an economy
that is transformed from one that is predominantly agricultural to one that is
dominantly industrial and service oriented.
In coordination with respective authorized agencies that regulate land

use conversion, the provincial government shall intensify strict implementation
of the existing laws and regulations that prohibit conversion of rice production
areas into other uses to ensure food security and sufficiency.
The province will also be pursuing to adopt and implement the DILG
MC No. 2008-167: (Institutionalization of Agricultural Engineering Profession
in the Local Government Units, Supplementing DILG MC No. 2001-25:
Implementation of RA 8559 Otherwise known as “Philippine Agricultural
Engineering Act of 1998”) to implement and provide the necessary support in
carrying out the smooth and expeditious implementation of various agricultural
engineering infrastructure projects and other agricultural engineering
extension and support services for agriculture and fishery development.
Under the production framework component are those agricultural

lands, fishing grounds, coastal and marine zones, and production forest which
comprise lands 18 percent to 50 percent in slope gradient – utilized for crop,
fishery, livestock and poultry production, agro-forestry, mining, industry, and
tourism for food security, economic growth and development.
Province of Capiz
Agriculture and Fishery

Since agriculture and fisheries are the base economy of Capiz,
providing livelihood to the majority of Capizeños -- the province support to
these key grain areas will focus on increasing production and productivity
through improvement and development of various agricultural infrastructures
and services - these would require, irrigation, post harvest facilities, credit and
marketing support systems, research and extensions, and other agricultural
infrastructure support facilities.
Diversified crops and agro-forestry, production of high value crops,

poultry and livestock will be pursued and enhanced in the central and upland
portion of the province in coordination with line agencies and other private
entities and through the formulation and implementation of local economic
investment program supported by appropriate technology and processing
industries. Protection, conservation and development in fishery production
will be focused in the northern part of the province which is its coastal portion.
This comprises 6 municipalities namely: Ivisan, Sapian, Pilar, Panay,
Pontevedra, Pres. Roxas and Roxas City. The enhanced inland fish culture of
milkfish, prawns/shrimps, crabs, and other potential fish culture species, will
be complimented by marine/deep sea commercial fishing. Coastal resource
and management program to conserve and protect the fishery resource shall
be properly addressed in coordination with the seven coastal municipalities.
Tourism
As the province is endowed with natural and man-made and historical
sceneries potential for eco-tourism, the province in partnership with private
entities and municipal LGUs, and in line with local and national policies and
programs for tourism development, will continually pursue the enhancement
and development of the tourism sector by formulating and implementing
tourism related activities and facilities, and other necessary support programs
and projects. Also, friendly local policies and ordinances that will give
investors investment incentives in many areas potential for eco-tourism
development and maintenance of peace and order condition of the locality
shall be pursued. The development of the Nagba Ecopark at Cuartero and
Province of Capiz
other major tourist attractions and facilities shall be also pursued to

complement local tourist destination in the province.
Industry
As the over-all provincial economic structure of the province of Capiz
revolves around agriculture and fishery, specifically of the major crops such
as palay, corn, sugarcane, coconut, fishery and aqua-marine products such
as bangus (milkfish), prawn, oysters, kapis shells, angel wings “diwal” among
others, the provincial government will put premiums on increasing agri- fishery
productivity by taking the lead and putting in place support services and
facilities for this purpose - as almost 80 percent of the Capizeños depend their
major source of income in agriculture. The province, in coordination of LGUs
concerned will be consistently pursuing to provide necessary assistance and
support to the processed food industry to attain its target in providing
employment, increasing income and sales (export and domestic) and
encouraging infusion of fresh capital to expand industry coverage and
production capacity.
Also, as the processed seafood and “OTOP” industry has obtained

support of the local government unit and the Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI) through the “OTOP” concept. The province will pursue to
encourage the LGUs to consider this industry as their primary and secondary
“OTOP”.
Mineral Lands
As the province of Capiz has potential mineral resources such as clay,
coal, manganese, rock phosphate, limestone, metal, silica and construction
materials, the province in consonance to local and national laws, policies and
ordinances shall continue to regulate and prevent the exploitation of its
mineral resources against mining and other illegal activities which intend to
deplete and destroy the natural resources of the province especially in the
municipalities of Pilar, Maayon, Pres. Roxas, Cuartero, Dumarao, Dumalag,
Tapaz and Jamindan.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Infrastructure Framework Component
While major road network (Map 30) is largely in placed, there is a need to
construct and repair concrete/asphalt roads connecting urban centers and all-
weather farm-to-market roads to connect production areas to the market.
Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new bridges will be pursued. These
will link and draw the remote areas and vital production areas into the economic
mainstream.
Critical river outlets to the sea will be dredged and cleared of illegal
structures to mitigate the perennial problem on flooding in the province of Capiz.
Flood control, drainage and shore protection projects will be constructed in
areas where flood damage is greatest, especially those areas along Panay
River. The implementation of the Panay River Basin Project will serve not only
the purpose of flood control but for irrigation, water supply and power
generation.
Upgrading of the Roxas City Airport is a priority considering the foreseen

economic development of the province. This will include the improvement and
expansion of the cargo terminals and passengers lounge area. Culasi port will
be repaired and maintained. Support amenities like roll-on roll-off facilities,
passenger handling terminals, and as appropriate, specialized handling facilities
for bulk and containerized cargoes will be provided. Moreover, construction of
new and improvement of existing municipal and city fish ports will be
undertaken.
Potable water will be made more available with the operation and
construction of water supply facilities. This will include expansion of the Metro
Roxas Water District (MRWD) facilities, spring development, construction and or
rehabilitation of deep wells and level II and level III water systems. Communal
irrigation facilities will be constructed/ rehabilitated to increase agricultural
productivity. Construction of small scale irrigation projects such as small water
impounding projects, small farm reservoirs, and water pumps will be pursued.
Province of Capiz
Construction of farm-to-market roads and other agricultural market infrastructure

support facilities will likewise be undertaken to support the agriculture and
fishery industry for the province of Capiz.
The provision of social infrastructure will be continuously pursued. This

calls for the construction of additional school buildings and facilities both for the
elementary and secondary schools. Old and dilapidated school buildings will be
replaced or rehabilitated.
Improvement of existing government owned and controlled hospitals will

be undertaken. Additional hospital facilities will be procured. Priority will be given
to remote barangays for the construction of health facilities. Dilapidated health
centers/stations will be rehabilitated. Additional municipal/national buildings,
public markets and other facilities will be constructed and rehabilitation of old
structures will also be done.
Waste disposal will be pursued in compliance with Republic Act No. 9003
otherwise known as “The Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Over-All Physical Framework
The over-all physical framework (Map 31) of the province is generally

on the attainment of a vibrant economy with eco-tourism; adequate
infrastructure support; relevant education; and healthy Capiznon.
In line with this, the province through the support of respective MLGUs
and line agencies concerned shall be pursuing and working on the formulation
and implementation of necessary programs and projects for sustainable
agricultural productivity and eco-tourism development; the rehabilitation,
conservation and protection of natural and man-made resources for
environmental stability; and the rational use of production areas for food
security and sustainability. The optimal use of urban and other urban
expansion areas for settlement use through improve and adequate transport
and other infrastructures support facilities and services shall be given
importance.
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
CHAPTER IV
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, GOALS,
OBJECTIVES/TARGETS
Section 16 of the Local Government Code of 1991 provides that all

local government units shall ensure the preservation and enrichment of
culture, promotion of health and safety, enhancement of the right of the
people to a balanced ecology; encourage and support the development of
appropriate and self reliant scientific and technological capacities; improve
public moral; enhance economic prosperity and social justice; promote full
employment; maintain peace and order; and preserve the comfort and
convenience of their inhabitants.
Pursuant to Republic Act 8435 otherwise known as “The Agriculture

and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 – “An act prescribing urgent related
measures to modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors of the country in
order to enhance their profitability, and prepare said sectors for the challenges
of globalization through an adequate, focused and rational delivery of
necessary support services, appropriating funds therefore and for other
purposes” –- Section 2, Declaration of Policy, of the Implementing Rules and
regulation of RA 8435 states the following to wit: “The goals of the national
economy are a more equitable distribution of opportunities, income and
wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and services produced
by the nation for the benefit of the people; and an expanding productivity as
the key to raising the quality of life for all, especially the underprivileged.
The State shall promote industrialization and full employment based on

sound agricultural development and agrarian reform, through industries that
make full and efficient use of human and natural resources, and which are
competitive in both domestic and foreign markets. In pursuit of these goals, all
sectors of the economy and all regions of the country shall be given optimum
Province of Capiz
opportunity to develop. Private enterprises, including corporations,

cooperatives, and similar collective organizations, shall be encouraged to
broaden the base of their ownership.
Thus it is hereby declared the policy of the State to enable those who
belong to the agriculture and fisheries sectors to participate and share in the
fruits of development and growth in a manner that utilizes the nation’s
resources in the most efficient and sustainable way possible by establishing a
more equitable access to assets, income, basic and support services and
infrastructure.
Goals and objectives/targets may be derived directly from the drivers of

development but their significance is not as direct compared to goals or
objectives/targets that are derived from the symptoms.
4.1. DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
Generally, though there are numerous existing laws, provisions, and

legal legislative measures in relation to food security and sufficiency,
environmental protection and conservation, urban development and
infrastructure development -- within the settlements, production, and
protection areas -- the land and water resources in the province have been
exploited in such haphazard ways that resulted in the declining productivity.
Laws, provisions, and measures have to be implemented to provide

and maintain, conserve and protect the existing resources of our province
towards sustainable development. Likewise, immediate and proper
implementation of these necessary measures are imperative for it takes only
15 minutes or less to cut a tree but it take years to grow a tree and decades
for lands to regenerate and hundreds of years for a new soil to farm and be
productive.
Province of Capiz
Figure 12
The Planning Environment, Development Issues/Problems, Strategies and PPAS
PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
DRIVERS SYMPTOMS
Population Income
Economy Services
Physical Resources Land Use VISION
1 Development Issues/ 2 Goals

Problems Objectives/Targets
3 Strategies
4 Programs
Projects
Activities
Province of Capiz
4.2. DEVELOPMENT GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND TARGETS
Table 21
Issues/Problems, Goals, and Objectives/Targets
Issues/Problems GOALS OBJECTIVES/TARGETS
DRIVERS
Population
 Increasing number of informal settlers, squatters and slum
dwellers in Roxas City
Physical resources
 Exploitation of natural resources, i.e. mining, quarrying,
deforestation
 Degradation of watershed areas
 Sedimentation of river beds inlet and outlet
 Inundation within Panay River basin
 Siltation of river/creek and other waterways
 Dumping ground of sub-standard imported products
 Excessive use of herbicides, pesticides and other
chemical
 Rampant reclassification and conversion of production
land into settlement areas
Transport/Access
 Inadequate land, air and water transportation support
facilities and amenities
 Absence of designated provincial transport terminal
 Poor traffic management that results to traffic congestion
 Encroachment/usurpation/obstruction of right of ways
Economy
 Outdated M/CCLUPs/ Absence of Provincial Economic
and Development Plan/ Investment and Incentive Code
 High underemploym ent and unemployment rate
 Limited employment/income opportunities Abundant Employment/income opportunities Job Generation Project
Province of Capiz

 Decrease enrolment in agriculture/fishery Increase enrolment in agriculture/fishery courses
 Decline volume of fish catch and low agr-production per Increase volume in fish and agri production per unit area
unit area
 Economy is highly dependent on agri-fishery and Evolution of other industries
overseas foreign workers
 Non pro-poor credit service Pro-poor credit service
 Inadequate agricultural infrastructure and market support Improved agricultural infrastructure and market support
facilities facilities
 Lack of goods to support development projects
 High cost of water and electricity
 Flooding within Panay River basin
 No Comprehensive Provincial Investment and Economic Provincial Investment and Economic Development Plan is in
Development Plan (no industrial zone sites, lack of place
business incentives
 Dole out concept and individualistic attitude prevents
economic development
 Lack of packaging materials for Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises
 High cost of farm inputs/production costs
 Low agri-production caused by flooding, typhoons, and
flash floods or climate change
SYMPTOMS/INDICATORS
Income/ Services
 Low income and lack of livelihood opportunities  Improve income and provide livelihood opportunities  Increase income of households living below Poverty Level
Thresholds by 10 percent by 2013; establish economic
enterprise and investment opportunities
 Low coverage of fully immunized children  Increase coverage of fully immunized children  Increase fully immunized children coverage by ____ in
2013
 Increasing maternal deaths  Reduce maternal deaths  Reduce by _____ per 10,000 live births in 2013
 High prevalence of malnutrition am ong pre-schoolers and  Decrease prevalence of malnutrition am ong pre-schoolers  Decrease prevalence of malnutrition among pre-schoolers
school children and school children from 8% in 2010 to 7.70% and school children
 Low cohort survival rate in elementary and secondary  Increase cohort survival rate in elementary and secondary  Increase cohort survival rate in elementary and secondary
education education education to 80.00% and 72.00%, respectively, by 2013
Province of Capiz

 Decrease drop-out rate in elementary and secondary
education to 0.25% and 1.75%, respectively, by 2013
 Low achievem ent rate in elementary and secondary  Increase achievement rate in elementary and secondary  Increase national achievement rate – mean percentage
education education score in elem entary and secondary education to 74.00%
and 70.00%, respectively by 2013
 Lack of affordable housing units  Provide affordable housing units  Provide affordable housing units to informal settlers
 High crime incidence  Decrease crime incidence  Decrease crime rate
 Increase crim e efficiency solution rate
Land Use
 Low production and productivity in agricultural and fishery  Sustainable increase in production and productivity in  Increase farm income and livelihood opportunities
areas agricultural and fishery areas
 Provide adequate infrastructure and other agricultural
infrastructure support facilities and services
 Mitigate illegal fishing activities in territorial waters and

fishing grounds
 Urban encroachment into prime agricultural lands and  Mitigate indiscriminate land conversion; protect selected  Prevent unnecessary land conversion in prim e agricultural
other environmentally critical areas protection areas areas; regulate encroachment in protected areas
 Flooding  Protect communities in flood prone areas  Protect households in built-up and rural areas from
flooding; relocate population in critical areas
 Mitigate construction of dikes along waterways
 Environmental degradation  Curb environmental degradation  Significantly reduce environmental degradation into
environmentally critical areas
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
CHAPTER V
STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, AND ACTIVITIES
5.1. STRATEGY, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS

Table 22
Strategies, Programs, and Projects Derived from Income/Access to Services
Issues/ Objectives/
Goals Strategies Programs Projects
Problems Target
 Low income and  Increase income  Increase income of  Organization of Provincial  Integrated Provincial  Integrated Provincial Economic
lack of livelihood and provide households living Economic Development Economic Development Development Projects
opportunities livelihood below Poverty Committee and formulation Program
opportunities Thresholds Levels by and implementation of
10% by 2013 Provincial Economic  Integrated Provincial  Integrated Provincial Eco-Tourism
Development Plan and Eco-Tourism Development Projects
Investment Code Development Programs
 Prioritization and allocation of  Integrated farm systems  Integrated farm systems productivity
necessary budget for productivity programs projects
economic related projects
 Corn and High Value
 Support community-based Crop Development
enterprises Program
 Promote agri-aqua based  Fisheries Development

enterprises Program
 Development of
entrepreneurship and private
Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
sector-led investment in
priority areas
 Creation/organization of  Commodity based  Commodity based research and

Provincial MIS research and information management project.
information
managem ent program
 Formulate Capiz Provincial
 Globally Competitive  Improve local and Trade and Industry  Processed Food Project
Trade & Industry foreign market linkages Development Plan  Provincial Trade and  Bamboo Plantation, Production and
Sector  Create all season Industry Development Engineering
industries  One Town One Product Program  Horticulture Project
(OTOP) Approach  Craft and Housewares Project
 Strengthen and intensify  Revenue Generation  Revenue generation projects

revenue generation Program
 Establish economic  Skills training to Out of  Skills Developm ent  Specialized Skills Training Project on
enterprise and School Youth and Training Program Job Market Demand
investment unemployed sector
opportunities to low
income families, OFWs
and job seekers
 Provide seed capital to  Loan Assistance  Soft Loans Project

trained individuals Program
 Job matching  Public Employment  Job Fair/Job Placement/Referrals

Service Program
 Establish “Fly Now Pay Later  OFW Fly Now Pay Later  Data banking of local and overseas
Scheme” to would be OFWs Program employers and demand jobs
Lack of Agri-Fisheries Adequate Agri-Fisheries Provide better agri-fishery Procurement and Establishment  Agri-Fisheries Rehabilitation of the Proposed Provincial
Infrastructure Facilities Infrastructure Facilities equipment and facilities of Agri-Fisheries infrastructure Infrastructure & Facilities INSUMIX Production Building
and Equipment and Facilities Support Program
 Establishm ent and Construction of
Agricultural Storage Building
 Upgrading of Laboratory Equipment

Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
 Rehabilitation of Seed Processing &

Storage Plant
 Improvement of Plant Nursery,
Freshwater Hatchery and Nursery
Inadequate support Adequate support Improve/construct Provide/lobby funds from  Construction of Capiz-Antique Road
facilities and services facilities and services adequate support facilities different line agencies for the  Construction of major, via Jamindan
(roads, irrigation, water, and services construction of major, farm-to- farm -to-market and all
power, education and market roads and all weather weather roads  Construction of farm-to-market roads
communication) roads and Bus Terminal
 Repair/Upgrading/Improvement of
road networks
 Establishm ent of Bus Terminal
 Construction/rehabilitation of  Construction/  Rehabilitation of Panay and

Irrigation, water and power rehabilitation of Panay Mambusao River Irrigation systems
facilities and Mambusao River
Irrigation systems  Expansion of power lines, water
supply and communication services
in far flung areas
 Quality and relevant  Upgrade school facilities  Conduct instructional  School Development  Construction/Improvement of School
education and services development for quality Program Facilities and Services
education to teachers and
staff
 Produce quality, skilled  Provide skills training to  Curriculum development  Curriculum Development on Skills
and globally competitive students on Skills Enhancement Enhancement Project
teachers and students Program
 Inadequate  Adequate protective  Construct/establish  Enhancement Training for  Protective and Welfare  Construction of Rehabilitation Center
protective and and Welfare protective and welfare police force, firemen, warden Services and Facilities for the Victims of Drug Abuse, Child
welfare facilities Services and facilities and services and in-charge of welfare Development Program Abuse, Disasters, Calamities and
and services Facilities services Vagrants
 Rehabilitation and  Financial Assistance for the Senior

Construction of protective Citizens and the Elderly
and welfare facilities
Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
 Acquisition of Firetrucks
 Set aside budget for the
improvement and  Hiring of Policemen to meet the
construction of protective and standards required
welfare services and facilities
 Additional police force
 Additional fire trucks and

firearms
 Inadequate Health  Improve access to  Improvement of drug  Pooled procurement of drugs  Parallel Drug Importation  Pooled Procurement Project
Facilities, quality low cost procurement and based on Philippine National Program
Medicines and drugs especially by distribution system Drug Formulary (PNDF)
Services the poor
 Improvement of  Better health facilities  Health facilities and  Renovation/Construction of Additional

health facilities and and services  Upgrade hospital facilities services Development Hospital Rooms, Buildings, Water
services and rural health stations program Supply Systems
o Construction of Sen. Gerardo
M. Roxas District Hospital
 Renovation of RHUs to provide Basic
Emergency Obstetric and Newborn
Care (BEmONC) Services
 Renovation of BHS/Conversion of 18
BHS to Birthing Facilities
 Provision of Equipment to Health
Facilities
 Low Utilization of  Increase access to  Increase awareness of  Intensify Education and  Health Promotion and  Production/Reproduction of User-
Health Facilities health services and the community on the Advocacy Advocacy Program Friendly Campaign Materials on
and Services facilities different health program Health Program and Services
Especially by the and services  Conduct IEC Campaign in
Poor Schools/Barangays
 Enrolment of Indigents  Increase coverage of  Social Health Insurance  Medicare sa Masa Project
to Philhealth Indigent Families on Program for Indigents
Philihealth enrolment
 Some Local Health  All LHBs/ILHZs are  Operationalize all  Reactivate and Monitor  Local Health Systems  Capacity Enhancement Project for
Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
Board/Inter-Local functional LHBs/ILHZs LHBs/IILHZs Program/LGU Sectoral LHBs/ILHZs
Health Zones are Managem ent Program  Provide Incentives/Awards to
not Functional Outstanding LHBs/ILHZs
 Incidence of Neo-  Reduce number of  Decrease Deaths:  Intensify health education  Maternal Health  Conduct of Family Planning Services
natal, Infant, Child, neo-natal, infant, Neonatal by 5%; Infant and promotion on health Program  Conduct of Regular Pre-Natal and
and Maternal child and maternal by 5%; Child by 5% programs related to child Post-Natal Services
Mortality deaths and Mothers by 5%. bearing and child rearing
  Breastfeeding  Conduct Mother’s Class on
Program exclusive breastfeeding
 Child Health Program  EPI

 IMCI
 Increase percentage of  Health-facility based  Conversion of Barangay Health

health-facility based delivery program Stations to birthing clinics
deliveries  Training of midwives/rural health
physicians to provide BeMONC
services
 Low coverage of  Increase coverage  Increase fully  Intensify implementation of  Expanded Program on  Capability building on REB strategy
fully immunized children of fully immunized immunized children REB strategy Immunization
children coverage by 95% by  Provision and management of
2013 logistics and equipment
 Monitoring, supervision and

evaluation of EPI
 Increasing maternal  Reduce maternal  Reduce by 5% per  Intensify implementation of  Maternal and child  Maternal and child health projects
deaths deaths 100,000 live births in maternal and child health health programs
2013 program
 High prevalence of  Decrease  Decrease prevalence of  Formulation and  Integrated Provincial  Integrated Provincial Plan/Updated
malnutrition among prevalence of malnutrition among pre- implementation of Integrated Plan/Updated Medium- Medium-Term Philippine Plan of
pre-schoolers and malnutrition among schoolers from 8% in Provincial Plan/Updated Term Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition 2008-2010
school children pre-schoolers and 2010 to 7.70% and Medium-Term Philippine Plan Action for Nutrition
school children school children of Action for Nutrition 2008- 2008-2010
Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
2010
 Low cohort survival  Increase cohort  Increase cohort survival  Improve access to  Road to school  Build/repair school access road
rate in elementary survival rate in rate in elementary and elem entary and secondary improvement program projects
and secondary elementary and secondary education to schools
education secondary education 80.00% and 72.00%,
respectively, by 2013
 Improve instructional facilities  Instructional facilities  Build/repair instructional facilities and
and provide educational and equipment provide educational equipment
equipment in elem entary and management and projects
secondary schools development program
 Water and sanitation  Build/repair water system and

program sanitation projects
 Provide educational  Educational assistance  Educational assistance project

assistance to poor but program  VIC Scholar/Iskolar sang Capiz
deserving students  Mobile Technology School
 Decrease drop-out rate  Implement drop-out reduction  Drop-out reduction  Drop-out reduction projects
in elementary and program program  Iskolar Sang Capiz for High School
secondary education to
0.25% and 1.75%,
respectively, by 2013
 Low achievem ent  Increase  Increase national  Send teachers to trainings  Staff management and  Staff management and development
rate in elementary achievem ent rate in achievement rate – and seminars and other development program projects
and secondary elementary and mean percentage score learning opportunities to
education secondary education in elementary and enhance their teaching
secondary education to competencies
74.00% and 70.00%,
respectively by 2013  Develop curriculum to  Curriculum  Curriculum management and
address peculiar needs of managem ent and development projects
school and districts and development program
introduce innovations to
improve institutional
performance
 Improve instructional facilities  Instructional facilities  Build/repair instructional facilities and

and provide educational and equipment provide educational equipment
equipment in elementary and management and projects
Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
secondary schools development program
 Lack of affordable  Provide affordable  Provide affordable  Provided low cost housing  Socialized Housing  Socialized Housing Projects
housing units housing units housing units to units Program
informal settlers and
low- income families
 High crime  Decrease crime  Decrease crime rate  Increase police force by at  Police development  Police development and managem ent
incidence incidence least 250 to meet the national and managem ent projects
 Increase crim e standard police force per program
efficiency solution rate population ratio of 1:1,000
(rural) and 1:500 (urban)
 Increase police visibility

particularly in populated
areas
 Enhance police capability

specifically in solving crimes
Province of Capiz
Table 23
Strategies, Programs, and Projects Derived from Land Use
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
 Low production and  Sustainable increase  Increase farm income  Formulation and  Post harvest and  Post harvest and mechanization
productivity in in production and and livelihood implementation of a mechanization projects
agricultural and productivity in opportunities; provincial agricultural development program
fishery areas agricultural and fishery development plan
areas  Provide adequate  Irrigation development  Irrigation Construction projects
infrastructure and other  Establish economic program
agricultural enterprise and investment
infrastructure support opportunities  Grains production  Grains production enhancement
facilities and services enhancement program projects
 Implement Post Harvest
Development Plan
 High Value Crops  High value crops production and
Commercialization productivity projects
Program
 Establish and strengthen the  Organizational  Creation of Provincial Agricultural

agricultural engineering Development Program Engineering Office
services to give support for
the smooth and expeditious
implementation of all
agricultural engineering
infrastructures
 Mitigate illegal fishing  Strict implementation of  Coastal Resources  Coastal Resource Management project
activities in territorial existing fishery laws and Managem ent Program
waters and fishing ordinances
grounds
 Urban encroachment  Mitigate indiscriminate  Prevent unnecessary  Encourage urban expansion  Urban expansion road  Access road construction project
into prime agricultural land conversion; land conversion in prime to environm entally program
lands and other protect selected agricultural areas; compatible areas
environm entally protection areas regulate encroachment
Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
critical areas in protected areas  Improve agricultural incomes  Agricultural productivity  Agricultural productivity project
to discourage conversion program
 Strict implementation of MC  Review and update land  Updated Land Use and Zoning
54 (Land Use Conversion use plans and zoning
Law)
 Flooding  Protect communities in  Protect households in  Protect and rehabilitate  Watershed rehabilitation  Reforestation Projects
flood prone areas built-up and rural areas watershed program
from flooding; relocate  Riverbank rehabilitation projects
population in critical  Integrated Social
areas Forestry Program
 Provide protective  Panay River Basin Flood  Panay River Flood Control Project
infrastructure Control Program
 Riverbank Rehabilitation  Bamboo plantation project along

Program riverbanks
 Construction/  Construction/ improvement of

improvement of drainage system
drainage system
 Community-Based  Tree planting project

Forestry Management
Program
 Mangrove Management  Mass planting of mangroves

Program
 Mitigate construction of  Strict implementation of  Environmental protection  Environmental protection project

dikes along waterways existing laws and related program
policies
 Sustain the implementation

of Integrated Social Forestry
 Strict implementation of
existing laws and related
policies
Province of Capiz
Issues/ Objectives/
Problems Target
 Environmental  Curb environmental  Significantly reduce  Strict implementation of  Environmental protection  Massive Tree-Planting Projects
degradation degradation environmental existing laws and regulation program  Climate Change Adaptation and
degradation into in environm ental protection Preparedness Project
environmentally critical
areas
 Intensify campaign on  Mangrove Reforestation projects
environmental protection
 Solid Waste  Material Recovery Project
 Educate Capizeños on
Managem ent Program  Inter-LGU Solid Waste Management
climate change adaptation
Project
 Capability-Building Training/Project on
 Formulation and
Solid Waste Management
implementation of Solid
Waste Management Plan
 Extend technical assistance

to LGUs on Solid Waste
Management
Province of Capiz
5.2. SUMMARY OF STRATEGIES AND PPAs
Table 24
Summary Matrix
Time
Goal/ Program/Project Legislative Lead LGU
Strategies Location frame
Objective and Description Requirements Department
(year/s)
Income/Access to Services
 Increase income of  Organization of  Integrated Provincial  Investment and Provincial Agriculturist

households living below Provincial Economic Economic Development Incentive Code Office
Poverty Thresholds Development Committee Program Provincial Planning and
Level by 10 percent by and formulation and Development Office
2013 implementation of  Integrated Provincial Department of Trade and
Provincial Economic Eco-Tourism Industry
Development Plan and Development Programs Provincial Tourism Office
Investment Code
 Integrated farm systems
 Establish economic productivity programs
enterprise and
investment opportunities
 Prioritization and
allocation of necessary
budget for economic
related projects
 Support community-
based enterprises
 Promote agri-aqua
based enterprises
 Implement Post Harvest

Development Plan
Province of Capiz
Time
(year/s)
 Development of
entrepreneurship and
private sector-led
investment in priority
areas
 Strengthen and intensify  Revenue Generation Provincial Treasurer’s

revenue generation Program Office
 Increase fully immunized  Intensify implementation  Expanded Program on Provincial Health Office
children coverage from of REB strategy Immunization
80% to 95% in 2013
 Reduce infants mortality  Intensify implementation  Maternal and child Provincial Health Office
rate by .5 % per 10,000 of maternal and child health programs
live births in 2013 health program
 Decrease prevalence of  Formulation and  Integrated Provincial Provincial Health Office

malnutrition among pre- implementation of Plan/Updated Medium-
schoolers from 8% in Integrated Provincial Term Philippine Plan of
2010 to 5% and school Plan/Updated Medium- Action for Nutrition 2008-
children Term Philippine Plan of 2010
Action for Nutrition 2008-
2010
 Increase cohort survival  Improve access to  Road to school Department of Education

rate in elementary and elem entary and improvem ent program
secondary education to secondary schools
80% and 70%,
respectively, by 2013  Improve instructional  Instructional facilities
facilities and provide and equipment
educational equipm ent in management and
elem entary and development program
secondary schools
 Water and sanitation
program
 Provide educational  Educational assistance

Province of Capiz
Time
(year/s)
assistance to poor program
students
Department of Education
 Increase national  Send teachers to  Staff managem ent and

achievement rate – trainings and seminars development program
mean percentage score and other learning
in elementary and opportunities to enhance
secondary education to their teaching
74% and 70%, competencies
respectively by 2013
 Develop curriculum to  Curriculum management
address peculiar needs and development
of school and districts program
and introduce
innovations to improve
institutional performance
 Improve instructional  Instructional facilities

facilities and provide and equipment
educational equipment management and
in elementary and development program
secondary schools
 Provide affordable  Provided low cost  Socialized Housing Creation of Provincial Provincial Housing Board
housing units housing units Program Housing Board LGU
Province of Capiz
Time
(year/s)
 Decrease crime rate  Increase police force by  Police development and Philippine National Police
from 14% to 5% by 2013 at least 250 to meet the management program and LGU
national standard police
 Increase crim e efficiency force per population ratio
solution rate by 5% by of 1:1,000 (rural) and
2013 1:500 (urban)
 Increase police visibility

particularly in populated
areas
 Enhance police
capability specifically in
solving/apprehending
crimes
Land Use
 Increase farm income  Formulation and  Post harvest and Provincial Agriculturist
and livelihood implementation of a mechanization Office
opportunities; provincial agricultural development program
development plan
 Provide adequate
infrastructure and other  Irrigation development Provincial Agriculturist
agricultural infrastructure program Office
support facilities and
services Provincial Engineer’s
Office
 Grains production
enhancement program
 High Value Crops

Commercialization
Program
 Establish and strengthen  Organizational

the agricultural Development Program
engineering services to
Province of Capiz
Time
(year/s)
give support for the
smooth and expeditious
implementation of all
agricultural engineering
infrastructures
 Prevent unnecessary  Encourage urban  Urban expansion road Provincial Environment

land conversion in prime expansion to program and Natural Resources
agricultural areas; environm entally Office
regulate encroachment in compatible areas
protected areas
 Improve agricultural  Agricultural productivity
incomes to discourage program
conversion
 Strict implementation of  Review and update land Provincial Planning &

MC 54 (Land Use use plans and zoning Development Office
Conversion Law)
Sangguniang
Panlalawigan Office
 Protect households in  Protect and rehabilitate  Watershed rehabilitation Provincial Disaster

built-up and rural areas watershed program Coordinating Council
from flooding; relocate
population in critical  Sustain the  Integrated Social Forestry LGU Capiz/PPDO
areas implementation of Program
Integrated Social
Forestry
 Provide protective  Panay River Basin Flood Department of Public
infrastructure Control Program Works and Highways,
National Economic and
 Construction/  Riverbank Rehabilitation Upland Areas Development Authority
improvement of drainage Program and Department of
system Environment and Natural
 Community-Based Resources
Forestry Management Coastal Areas
Program
 Mangrove Management
Program
Province of Capiz
Time
(year/s)
 Mitigate construction of  Strict implementation of  Environmental protection LGU Capiz/ Provincial
dikes along waterways existing laws and related program Engineer’s Office
policies
 Significantly reduce  Strict implementation of  Environmental protection Environmental Code

environmental existing laws and program
degradation into regulation in
environmentally critical environm ental protection  Solid Waste Management Department of
areas Program Environment and Natural
 Intensify campaign on Resources; Provincial
environm ental protection Planning and
Development Office
 Educate Capizeños on
climate change NGOs/POs
adaptation
 Formulation and
implementation of
Solid Waste
Management Plan
 Extend technical
assistance to LGUs on
Solid Waste
Management
Province of Capiz
5.3. PROJECT MAPS

Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Province of Capiz
Map 32e
Irrigation Map
Province of Capiz
Map 32f
Location of Existing and Proposed Water Facilities, Province of Capiz

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Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan 10

Republic of the Philippines

OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

The formulation, therefore, of this Provincial Development and Physical

In the context of reshaping and achieving the province’s desired socio-

We encourage our people to use this document since it contains a

The formulation of this Provincial Development and Physical

To the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) –

To the officials and personnel of the different national government

Foremost, to the collaborative effort of the Provincial Land Use

And to everyone including those who we failed to mention but helped a

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 Core Elements and Sectors 7

3 Total Land Area, Capiz, by District/Municipality/City, 13

4 Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, 14

5 Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, 16

6 Population Shares, Capiz, by City/Municipality, 1995, 16

7 Estimated Population and Density, Capiz, by 24

8 Land Classification, Capiz, by municipality/city 45

9 Land suitability, Capiz, by municipality/city 47

10 Protection areas, Capiz, by municipality/city 54

11 Data Matrix: Total family income (PhP M) by 62

12 Joint Probability: Shares of family Income (%) by 63

13 Concentration: Total family income (%) by household 64

14 Specialization: Total family income (%) by household 65

TABLE TITLE PAGE

15 Location Quotients: Total family income by household 75

16 Population 15 Years and Over, by Employment 97

17 Total and Average Family Income, Region VI, by 99

Households in Occupied Housing Units, Capiz by 114

Occupied Housing Units by Condition (State of 115

18 Local Service Standards vs. Capiz Province Existing 131

19 Existing Land Use Distribution, Capiz, 2002 and 2007 150

21 Issues/Problems, Goals, and Objectives/Targets, 175

22 Strategies, Programs, and Projects Derived from 178

23 Strategies, Programs, and Projects Derived from 185

24 Summary Matrix 188

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Vertical and Horizontal Linkages of the PDPFP 4

2 Programs, Projects, Activities 5

6 Overall Distribution of the Regional Economy 66

7 Shares of Total Family Income by Household Head in 66

8 Capiz Shares of Total Family Income by the Head by 67

12 The planning environment, development issues/ 174

MAP TITLE PAGE

1 Regional Location Map, Region VI 11

2 Province Map, Capiz 12

3 Population Density Map, Capiz 19

4 Annual Population Growth Rate, Capiz 23

5a Built-up Areas Map 29

5b Existing Hierarchy of Settlements Map 30

7c Mineral Resources Map 43

9 Land Classification Map 46

10 Land Suitability Map 49

11 Protection Areas Map 55

12a Location of Industries and Key Support Infrastructure 68

12b Location Seafood Industry and Key Support 69

13a Industries with Best and Declining Potentials Map 88

13b Tourism Industry with Best and Declining Potentials 89