06/01/2021

Title: Angles in parallel lines

Do Now
Constructing triangles and quadrilaterals 06/01/2021
and properties of angles in parallel lines

Start Outcomes/skills End

I can identify the properties of special triangles and construct them from
R
R given sides and angles (ASA, SAS, SSS)
I can identify the properties of quadrilaterals and construct them from A
A given sides and angles
G
G I can calculate missing angles using the properties of angles in parallel
lines and justify my answers with reasons

Construct Perpendicular
Congruent Parallel
Similar Equidistant
Symmetry Transversal
 Do Now

Which of the angles

are the same? Why?

You must justify your

answers with
mathematical
reasoning.

What other relationships can you find about these angles?

 Same or different?

How are the lines in these diagrams the same or different?

 Parallel line
Find all pairs of parallel lines and give reasons for your answers
A B C D E

F
G

M L K J I H

Lines AE and MH Where do you see parallel

are parallel as they lines in everyday life?
are equidistant
 Angle facts

There are only two different angle

sizes in this diagram.
Do you agree? Explain why.

Angle a and angle g look the same size.

Do you agree? Explain why.
 True or false?

a and w are equal angles

��
✓
a and f sum to 180⁰

d and x are equal angles

��
h and y sum to 180⁰

g and y are equal angles

��
��
Do you agree? Give reasons for your answers
 Co-interior/Allied angles

What do you notice

about angles l and m?

How many other pairs of angles can you find with

this kind of relationship?
 Alternate angles

What do you notice

about angles k and m?

How many other pairs of angles can you find with

this kind of relationship?
 Corresponding angles

What do you notice

about angles i and m?

How many other pairs of angles can you find with

this kind of relationship?
 Summary
Alternate angles are equal

Corresponding angles are equal

Allied angles add up to 180⁰

How many pairs of each type can you find in this diagram?
Could you find more examples if you label more angles?
Find three ways to work out the value of x

Fill in all the

Give reasons for your answers angles you
know first
Method 1
 Method 2

Complete the answer by filling in the blanks

 Method 3
This is 90°.
I know this because
lines AC and FD are
parallel

Write a full answer with reasons for this method

Did you find a different method to work out this question?

Write your answer in full with reasons.
Work out unknown marked angles in each figure
Write your answers in full with reasons

Find 3 different
ways to work
out each
question.
Work out unknown marked angles in each figure
Write your answers in full with reasons

Find 3 different
ways to work
out each
question.
 Angles in parallel lines
If you were given the values of the starred angles, what angle facts
would you use to find angle h?

Are there any of these that you could not work out if you did not use
facts about angles in parallel lines (alternate, interior, corresponding)?
 Missing angles 1
Calculate and mark all the missing angles.

Explain how you calculated angle a, angle b and angle c.

Calculate and mark all the missing angles.

Explain how you

calculated angle a,
angle b and angle c.
 Missing angles 2
Calculate and mark all the missing angles.
Calculate and mark all the missing angles.
 30° 20°
120° 60° 110°
40° 50°
130°
50°
50°
140° 60° 20°

100° 80°
40° 80°
80°
100° 100°
110° 60°
70° 80°
70°
70° 110°
70°

40° 130° 50° 130° 60° 120° 70° 80° 110° 70°
50° 130° 50° 120° 60° 60° 120° 60°
30°

50° 50° 130° 60° 60° 60°

130° 50° 60° 120° 60° 120°

50° 130° 120° 60° 120° 60°

 Corrections
Both students are incorrect. Explain why.

Angle a is 32⁰
because alternate
angles are equal.

Angle a is 49⁰
because corresponding
angles are equal.

Calculate angle a. Give reasons for your answer.

 Add a parallel line

I know that I need to

add a third parallel line
but I can’t explain why.

32⁰
49⁰

What reasons can you give? How can you complete this question?

Can you find another way of answering this?

 More complex questions
Work out the values of the letters in each diagram.
Give reasons for your answers.
 More complex questions
Work out the values of the letters in each diagram.
Give reasons for your answers.
 Adding parallel lines
Work out the values of the letters in each diagram.
Give reasons for your answers.
Vertically opposite
angles are equal
 06/01/2021
Title: Angles in polygons
Do Now
 Advanced Geometric Reasoning

72°
18°
100°
47° 72° 132°
72° 42°
48°
71°
18° 86°
60° 60°
a = 19°

59°
26°
60° 81°
98° 60° 36°
96° 59° 62°
22°
81°
82° 41°
57°
22° 98° 42° 123°
17° 40°
60°
 Challenge Question

5x - 12

2x + 12

3y - 5

Calculate the value of x

Calculate the value of y
 Quick progress
Angles check
with algebra
Work out the values of the letters in each diagram.
Give reasons for your answers.

6x = 180°
x = 30°
2x° 4x°
2x°
adjacent angles on a straight line sum to
alternate angles are equal 180
adjacent angles on a straight line sum to opposite angles are equal
180

angles in a triangle sum to 180

7k

7k

corresponding angles are equal 5k 5k

co-interior angles sum to 180
AMBER
GREEN
AMBER
GREEN 6y + 25 + 65 = 180
6y = 90
147° y = 15°

65°
33° 55°
115°
5y = 295° (180 + 115) 180 – (5x + 5)°
y = 59° 180 – (5x + 5) + 15x + 85 = 360
180 – 5x – 5 +15x + 85 = 360
4x – 30 = 80 – x 10x = 100 x = 10°
5x = 110
x =22 ° 3p + 15 + (6p – 15) = 180
3p +15+6p-15 = 180
9p = 180
3x + 17 = 7x - 35 p = 20°
52 = 4x
x =13 ° 105°
GREEN 6y + 25 + 65 = 180
6y = 90
147° y = 15°

65°
33° 55°
115°
5y = 295° (180 + 115) 180 – (5x + 5)°
y = 59° 180 – (5x + 5) + 15x + 85 = 360
180 – 5x – 5 +15x + 85 = 360
10x = 100 x = 10°

3p + 15 + (6p – 15) = 180

3p +15+6p-15 = 180
9p = 180
p = 20°
105°
GREEN
3p + 15 + (6p – 15) = 180
3p +15+6p-15 = 180
9p = 180
p = 20°

10q – 10 + 80 – 5q = 180
5q = 110
q = 22° 105°

(80 – 5q)°

180 – 105 – (5q – 5)

75 – 5q + 5
80 – 5q
 06/01/2021
Title: Angles in Polygons
Skill: Solving quadratics by factorising
 06/01/2021
Title: Angles in Polygons
Skill: Solving quadratics by factorising - ANSWERS
Challenge Question(s)
Sum of interior angles

n=3 n=4

Total of interior Total of interior

angles = 180° angles = 360°

Can you remember / guess what the angles add

up to in a pentagon? How would you prove it?
Sum of interior angles

Click to Animate

We can cut a pentagon

into three triangles.

The sum of the interior

angles of the triangles is:

3 x 180° = 540°
True or false?

I can split this hexagon into 6

triangles. 6 × 180° = 1080°.
So the angles in a hexagon
add up to 1080°.
Where n is the number of sides of the polygon

3 1 180°
4 2 360°
5 3 540°
6 4 720°
7 5 900°
8 6 1080°
 What mistake has been made for each?

If a polygon has
The interior angles total interior angles
in a 4 sided polygon The angles in a 10 of 900, then it must
add up to 4 x 180 sided polygon add have 5 sides.
up to 180 x 10 – 2

Find more than one method to justify each answer.

 Spot the mistake

Each angle in this

hexagon is 120°.

That must be true

for this hexagon too.

Whilst the angles are not all equal in the

irregular hexagon, the angles still sum to 720°
Quick progress check
Angle Sum of Polygons
 Polygons practice
Calculate the missing angles in each of these polygons
Exercise 1
1a b c

?
b = 260°

x = 75°?
x = 25°?

d
e f

?
a = 100°
?
x = 222°

?
x = 309°
Exercise 1
g h i

?
x = 120° ?
x = 252°
x = 54°?

2
?
☠
1

?
Test Your Understanding
A regular decagon (10 sides).
160° x
x

130° 80°
120°

x = 140°
?
x = 144°
? 120°
40° x
100°

x = 240°
? 40°
Challenge Question
Exterior Angles

An exterior angle of a polygon is an

angle between the line extended from
one side, and an adjacent side.

Which of these are exterior angles of the polygon?

?
NO ?
YES NO?
 Skills Check
Skill: Manipulating Surds B S G
 Quick progress check

Use your
knowledge of
interior and
exterior
angles to
calculate the
values of x
Exterior Angles
To travel all around the
pentagon, what angle must
be turned through in total?

360°
?

🖉 The sum of the

exterior angles of
any polygon is 360°.
Click to Start
Animation
Exterior Angles to Interior Angles
If the pentagon is regular, then
all the exterior angles are
clearly the same.
Therefore:
Exterior angle of
pentagon
= 360 / 5
= 72°

Interior angle of
pentagon
= 180 – 72
= 108°
Interior / Exterior Angles of Regular Polygons

Num Name of Exterior Interior

Sides Regular Angle Angle
Polygon
? ?
3 Triangle 120° 60°
? ?
4 Quadrilateral 90° 90°
? ?
5 Pentagon 72° 108°
? ?
6 Hexagon 60° ? 120° ?
7 Heptagon 51.4° 128.6°
? ?
8 Octagon 45° 135°
? ?
9 Nonagon 40° 140°
? ?
10 Decagon 36° 144°

Bonus Question: What is the largest number of sides a shape can

have such that its interior angle is an integer?

? angle will be 179°.

360 sides. The interior
 Quick progress check
Q1
Determine how many sides a regular
polygon with the following exterior
angle would have: Q3 What is the exterior
30° 12 sides ? angle of a 180-sided
45° 8 sides ? regular polygon?
12° 30 sides ? ? = 2°
360 ÷ 180
9° 40 sides ?
Q2
Determine how many sides a regular
polygon with the following interior angle
would have:
156° 15 sides ?
162° 20 sides ?
144° 10 sides ?
175° 72 sides ?
 Quick progress check

Q1 Q2 50
85 75

a 80

80 80
c

?
a = 110° c = 70°?

Q3 What is the exterior Q4 The interior angle of a regular

angle of a 180-sided polygon is 165. How many sides
regular polygon? does it have?
? = 2°
360 ÷ 180 Interior angle = 180 – 165 = 15
n = 360 ÷ 15 = 24
?
Alternative method:
Total interior angle = 165n
Then solve 180(n – 2) = 165n
Challenge Question(s)
 Quick progress check

Use your
knowledge of
interior and
exterior
angles to
calculate the
values of x
Test Your Understanding
GCSE question

The diagram shows a regular hexagon and a regular octagon.

Calculate the size of the angle marked x.

You must show all your working.

x = 105°
?
Exam Question Practise
Q9.

A regular polygon is surrounded by squares and

regular hexagons, alternating between the two.

How many sides does this shape have?

Q10.

The pattern is made

from two types of tiles,
tile A and tile B.

Both tile A and tile B

are regular polygons.

Work out the number

of sides tile A has.
Q11.
Q12.
Challenge Question(s)
 Challenge Question(s)
Find all regular polygons which tessellate (when
restricted only to one type of polygon).

By thinking about interior angles, prove that the

regular polygons you identified above are the only
regular polygons which tessellate.

Find any pairs of regular polygons which will

semi-tessellate. How many possible pairs are there?
Can you justify / prove why this is?
 Challenge Question(s)
Find all regular polygons which tessellate (when restricted only to one type of polygon).

Equilateral triangle, square, hexagon.

By thinking about interior angles, prove that the regular polygons you identified above are
the only regular polygons which tessellate.

Method 1: The possible exterior angles of a regular polygons are the factors of 360 less
than 180: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40, 45, 60, 72, 90, 120
This gives interior angles of 179, 178, ..., 140, 135, 120, 108, 90, 60.
To tessellate, the interior angle has to divide 360. Only 120, 90 and 60 does. This
corresponds to a hexagon, square and equilateral triangle.

Method 2: 360 divided by the interior angle must give a whole number, in order for the
regular polygon to tessellate. Interior angle is 180 – (360/n), so 360 / (180 – (360/n)) = k for
some constant k. Simplifying this gives kn – 2k – 2n = 0
This factorises to (k – 2)(n – 2) = 4
This only numbers which multiply to give 4 are 1 x 4 or 2 x 2 or 4 x 1. This n = 6, 4 or 3 in
each case.
More Examples
Rationalizing the denominator (two terms)
Challenge Mixture
1
2
a

3
b

c 4

d
5

6
Rationalizing the denominator - ANSWERS
1 2
?
a ? 3

b ? ?
c ? 4

d ? ?
5
e ?
?
6

?
A final super hard puzzle

?
 Reflection
Understanding Analysing Creating
One key fact I learnt
To improve my skills
from today’s lesson The thing that really
in this area I could…
was… helped me today
was…
A strategy I could use
One key word I learnt
next time would
from today’s lesson I understood better
be…
was… when…
I could apply what I
One skill I developed The thing I found
have learnt today
in today’s lesson most difficult was…
in…
was…
One thing we did
I could extend my
One idea/thing I still today that made me
understanding
don’t understand realise…
further by…
is…
Exercise 2
Q3
Q1 Determine how many sides a regular
polygon with the following exterior
angle would have:
30° 12 sides ?
45° 8 sides ? The diagram shows a regular hexagon and a regular
12°
9°
30 sides
40 sides
? octagon. Calculate the size of the angle marked.
? You must show all your working.
Interior angle of hexagon: 180 – (360/6) = 120
Q2 Determine how many sides a regular ?
Interior angle of octagon: 180 – (360/8) = 135
polygon with the following interior x = 360 – 120 – 135 = 105
angle would have: Q4
156° 15 sides ? The pattern is made
from two types of
162° 20 sides ? tiles, tile A and tile B.
144° 10 sides ? Both tile A and tile B
175° 72 sides ? are regular polygons.
Work out the number
of sides tile A has.
Interior angle of A =
(360 – 60)/2 = 150
?
Exterior angle = 30
Sides = 360/30 = 12
Exercise 2
Q5 A regular polygon is Q6 Find all regular polygons which tessellate (when
surrounded by squares and restricted only to one type of polygon).
regular hexagons, alternating
between the two. How many ?
Equilateral triangle, square, hexagon.
sides does this shape have?
By thinking about interior angles, prove that the
☠ regular polygons you identified above are the only
regular polygons which tessellate.

Method 1: The possible exterior angles of a

regular polygons are the factors of 360 less than
180: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30,
36, 40, 45, 60, 72, 90, 120
This gives interior angles of 179, 178, ..., 140,
135, 120, 108, 90, 60.
To tessellate, the interior angle has to divide 360.
Interior angle = 360 – 90 – 120 = 150
?
n = 360 / 30 = 12 sides
Only 120, 90 and 60 does. This corresponds to a
hexagon, square and equilateral triangle.
?
Method 2: 360 divided by the interior angle must
give a whole number, in order for the regular
polygon to tessellate. Interior angle is 180 –
(360/n), so 360 / (180 – (360/n)) = k for some
constant k. Simplifying this gives kn – 2k – 2n = 0
This factorises to (k – 2)(n – 2) = 4
This only numbers which multiply to give 4 are 1
x 4 or 2 x 2 or 4 x 1. This n = 6, 4 or 3 in each case.
GCSE Question

Hint: Fill in what angles

you do know. You can
work out what the
interior angle of Tile A
will be.

Question: The pattern is made from two types of tiles, tile A and tile B.
Both tile A and tile B are regular polygons.
Work out the number of sides tile A has.
Sides = 12
?