I A S

MATHEMATICS
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS & COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING
Previous year Questions from 1992 To 2017
Syllabus
Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, Regula-
Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods; solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination and
Gauss-Jordan (direct), Gauss-Seidel(iterative) methods. Newton's (forward and backward) interpolation,
Lagrange's interpolation. Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rules, Gaussian quadrature
formula. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runga Kutta-methods.

ANALOG IAS
Computer Programming: Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal and Hexa-
decimal systems; Conversion to and from decimal systems; Algebra of binary numbers.

Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra,
normal forms.Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and
long integers.
Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.

** Note: Syllabus was revised in 1990’s and 2001 & 2008 **

ANALOG IAS
I N S T I T U T E
The Right Choice of Achievers
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 2017
1. Explain the main steps of the Gauss-Jordan method and apply this method to find the

2 6 6
2 8 6
inverse of the matrix.   (10 Marks)
 2 6 8 

2. Write the Boolean expression in its simplest form using Boolean z ( y  z )( x  y  z )

postulate rules. Mention the rules used during simplification. Verify your result by

constructing the truth table for the givern expression and for its simplest form.

(10 Marks)

2016
3. Convert the following decimal numbers to equivalent binary and hexadecimal
numbers:
(i) 4096 (ii) 0.4375 (iii) 2048.0625 (10 marks)
4. Le t f(x)=e2xcos3x for x [0,1]. Estimate the value of f(0.5) Using Lagrange interpolating
polynomial of degree 3 over the nodes x=0, x=0.3, x=0.6 and x=1. Also compute the
error bound over the interval [0,1] and the actual error E(0.5) (20 marks)
1

5. For an integral  f  x  dx show that the two point Gauss quadrature rule is given by
1

1
 1  1  4

1 f  x  dx  f   f     using this rule estimate  2 xe dx

x
(15 marks)
 3  3  2

6. Let A,B,C be Boolean variable. A denote complement of A, A+B is an expression for A

OR B and A.B is an expression for A AND B. then simplyfy the following expression and
draw a block diagram of the simplified expression using AND or OR gates.

  
A.  A  B  C  . A  B  C . A  B  C . A  B  C . (15 marks)

2015
7. Find the principal (or canonical) disjunctive normal form in three variables p,q,r for the
Boolean expression   p  q   r     p  q   r  . is the given Boolean expression a
contradiction or a tautology? (10 marks)
8. Find the lagrange interpolating polynomial that fits the following data:
x –1 2 3 4
f(x) –1 11 31 69
Find f(1.5) (20 marks)

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 dy
9. Solve the initial value problem  x  y  x  , y  2   3 in the interval [2,2,4] using the
dx
Rungekutta fourth-order method with step size h=0.2 (15 marks)
10. Find the solution of the system
10x1–2x2–x3–x4=3
–2x1+10x 2–x3–x4=15
–x1–x2+10x 3–2x4=27
–x1–x2–2x3+10x4=–9
Using Gauss-Seidel method (make four iterations) (15 marks)
2014
11. Apply Newton-Raphson method to determine a root of the equation cosx–xex=0
correct up to four decimal places. (10 marks)
1
dx
12. Use five subintervals to integrate  1  x 2 using trapezoidal rule. (10 marks)
0

13. Use only AND and OR logic gates to construct a logic circuit for the Boolean
expression z=xy+uv (10 marks)
14. Solve the system of equations
2x1–x2=7
–x2+2x2–x3=1
–x2+2x3=1
Using Gauss-Seidel iteration method (perform three iterations) (15 marks)
15. Use Runge-Kutta formula of fourth order to find the value of y at x=0.8, where
dy
 x  y , y(0.4)=0.41. Take the step length h=0.2 (20 marks)
dx
16. Draw a flow chart for Simpson’s one-third rule. (15 marks)
17. For any Boolean variables x and y, show that x+xy=x (15 marks)
2013
18. In an examination, the number of students who obtained marks between certain limits
were given in the following table:

Marks 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

No. of Students 31 42 51 35 31

Using Newton forward interpolation formula, find the number of students whose marks
lie between 45 and 50. (10 marks)
19. Develop an algorithm for Newton-Raphson method to solve f(x)=0 starting with initial
iterate x0, n be the number of iterations allowed, epsilon be the prescribed relative
error and delta be the prescribed lower bound for f'(x) (20 marks)
20. Use Euler’s method with step size h=0.15 to compute the approximate value of y(0.6),
correct up to five decimal places from the initial value problem. y=x(y+x)–1, y(0)=2
(15 marks)

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21. The velocity of a train which starts from rest is given in the following table. The time is
in minutes and velocity is in km/hours.

T 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
V 16 28.8 40 46.4 51.2 32.0 17.6 8 3.2 0

Estimate approximately the total distance run in 30 minutes by using composite

1
Simpson’s rule. (15 marks)
3

2012
22. Use Newton-Raphson method to find the real root of the equation 3x=cosx+1 correct
to four decimal places (12 marks)
dy
23. Provide computer algorithm to solve an ordinary differential equation  f  x, y  in
dx
the intervel [a,b] for n number of discrete points, where the initial value is y()=, using
Euler’s method. (15 marks)
24. Solve the following system of simultaneous equations, using Gauss–Seidel iterative
method:
3x+20y–z=–18
20x+y–2z=17
2x–3y+20z=25 (20 marks)
dy
25. Find at x=0.1 from the following data:
dx
x: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
y: 0.09975 0.9900 0.9776 0.9604 (20 marks)
26. In a certain examination, a candidate has to appear for one major & two major sub
jects. The rules for declaration of results are marks for major are denoted by M1 and
and for minor by M2 and M3. If the candidate obtains 75% and above marks in each of
the three subjects, the candidate is declared to have passed the examination in first
class with distinction. If the candidate obtains 60% and above marks in each of the
three subjects, the cadidate is declared to have passed the examination in first class.
If the candidate obtains 50% or above in major, 40% or above in each of the two
minors and an average of 50% or above in all the three subjects put together, the
candidate is declared to have passed the examination in-second class. All those
candidates, who have obtained 50% and above in major and 40% or above in minor,
are declared to have passed the examination. If the candidate obtains less than 50%
in major or less than 40% in anyone of the two minors, the candidate is declared to
have failed in the examinations. Draw a flow chart to declare the results for the above.
(20 marks)

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 2011
10
dx
27. Calculate  1  x (up to 3 places of decimal) by dividing the range into 8 equal parts by
2

1 rd
Simpson’s rule. (12 marks)
3
28. (i) Compute (3205)10 to the base 8.
(ii) Let A be an arbitary but fixed Boolean algebra with operations  and  and the
zero and the unit element denoted by 0 and 1 respectively. Let x,y,z... be elements of
A. If x,yA be such that xy=0 and xy=1 then prove that y=x. (12 marks)
29. A solid of revolution is formed by rotating about the x-axis, the area between the
x-axis, the line x=0 and x=1 and a curve through the points with the following
co-ordinates:

x 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1

y 1 0.9896 0.9589 0.9089 0.8415
Find the volume of the solid. (20 marks)
30. Find the logic circuit that represents the following Boolean function. Find also an
equivalent simpler circuit:

x y z f  x, y , z 
1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0

(20 marks)
31. Draw a flow chart for Lagrange’s interpolation formula. (20 marks)
2010
32. Find the positive root of the equation 10x e x2 –1=0 correct up to 6 decimal places by
using Newton-Raphson method. Carry out computations only for three iterations.
(12 marks)
33. (i) Suppose a computer spends 60 percent of its time handling a particular type of
computation when running a given program and its manufacturers make a change that
improves its performance on that type of computation by a factor of 10. If the program
takes 100 sec to execute, what will its execution time be after the change?

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 (ii) If AB=AB'+A'B, find the value of xyz. (6+6=12 marks)
34. Given the system of equations.
2x+3y=1
2x+4y+z=2
2y+6z+Aw=4
4z+Bw=C
State the solavability and uniqueness conditions for the system. Give the solution
when it exists. (20 marks)
5
1
35. Find the value of the integral  log10 xdx by using Simpson’s rd rule correct up to 4
x 3
decimal places. Take 8 subintervals in your computation. (20 marks)
36. (i) Find the hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal number (587632)10
(ii) For the given set of data points (x,f(x1)), (x2,f(x2)),... (xn,f(xn)) write an algorithm to find
the value of f(x) by using Lagrange’s interpolation formula.
(iii) Using Boolean algebra, simplify the following expressions
(a) a+a'b+a'b'c+a'b'c'd+.......
(b) x'y'z+yz+xz where x' represents the complement of x (5+10+5=20 marks)
Z i  Z
37. Show that the quotient ring is isomorphic to the ring where Z i  denotes the
1  3i 10 Z
ring or Gaussian integers (15 marks)
2009
38. (i)The equation x2+ax+b=0 has two real roots  and . Show that the inerative
 axk  b  , k  0,1, 2...
method given by: xk 1   is convergent near x=, if   
xk
(ii) Find the values of two valued Boolean variables A,B,C,D by resolving the following
simultaneous equations:
A  AB  0
AB=AC
AB  AC  CD  CD
where x represents the complement of x (6+6=12 marks)
39. (i) Relaize the following expressions by using NAND gates only:

   
g  a  b  c d a  e f where x denotes the complement of x
(ii) Find the decimal equivalent of (357.32)8 (6+6=12 marks)
40. Develop an algorithm for Regula-Falsi method to find a root of f(x)=0 starting with two
initial iterates x0 and x1 to the root such that sign(f(x0)  sign(f(x1). Take n as the maxi
mum number of iterations allowed and epsilon be the prescribed error.
(30 marks)

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41. Using Lagrange interpolation formula, calculate the value of f(3) from the following
table of values of x and f(x):
x 0 1 2 4 5 6
f x  1 14 15 5 6 19 (15 marks)
42. Find the value of y (1.2) using Runge-Kutta fourth order method with step size h=0.2
from the initial value problem: y'=xy, y(1)=2 (15 marks)

2008
43. Find the smallest positive root of equation xex–cosx=0 using Regula-Falsi method. Do
three iterations. (12 marks)
44. State the principle of duality
(i) in Boolean algebra and give the dual of the Boolean expression
 X  Y  .  X .Z  . Y  Z  and XX 0


(ii) Represent A  B  C  A  B  C  A  B  C  in NOR to NOR logic network.
(6+6=12 marks)
45. (i) The following values of the function f(x)=sinx+cosx are given:
x 10 20 30
f(x) 1.1585 1.2817 1.3360
Construct the quadratic interpolating polynomial that fits the data. Hence calculate
 
f   . Compare with exact value.
 12 
(ii) Apply Gauss-Seidel method to calculate x,y,z from the system:
–x–y+6z=42
6x–y–z=11.33
–x+6y–z=32
with initial values (4.67, 7.62, 9.05). Carry out computations for two iterations
(15+15=30 marks)
46. Draw a flow chart for solving equation F(x)=0 correct to five decimal places by
Newton-Raphson method (30 marks)
2007
47. Use the method of flase position to find a real root x 3  5 x  7  0 lying between 2 and
3 and correct to 3 places of decimals. (12 marks)
48. Convert:
(i)46655 given to be in the decimal system into one in base 6.
(ii) (11110.01)2 into a number in the decimal system. (6+6=12 marks)
49. (i) Find from the following table, the area bounded by the x–axis and the curve y=f(x)
between x=5.34 and x=5.40 using the trapezoidal rule:

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 x 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.40
f(x) 1.82 1.85 1.86 1.90 1.95 1.97 2.00
(ii) Apply the second order Runge-Kutta method to find an approximate value of y at
x = 0.2 taking h=0.1, given that y satisfies the differential equation and the initial
condition. y=x+y, y(0)=1 (15 marks)

2006
1

Evaluate I   e dx by the Simpson’s rule

2
x
50.
0

b
x
 f  x  dx 
a
3 
 f  x0   4 f  x1   2 f  x2   4 f  x3   ....  2 f  x2 n  2   4 f  x2 n 1   f  x2 n ]

with 2n=10, x=0.1, x0=0, x1=0.1,.....,x10=1.0 (12 marks)

51. (i) Given the number 59.625 in decimal system. Write its binary equivalent.
(ii) Given the number 3898 in decimal system. Write its equivalent in system base 8.
(6+6=12 marks)
52. If Q is a polynomial with simple roots 1,2,....n and if P is a polynomial of degree <
P  x n
P  k 
n, show that Q x  
  k 1 Q '  k  x   k  . Hence prove that there exists a unique
Polynomial of degree with given values ck at the point k, k = 1,2....n.. (30 marks)
53. Draw a flowchart and algorithm for solving the following system of 3 linear equations in
3 unknowns x1,x2 & x3 : C * X = D with C   Cij  , X   xi  , D   d i  i 1
3 3 3
i , j 1 j 1

(30 marks)
54. Use appropriate quadrature formulae out of the Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules to
1
dx
numerically integrate  1  x 2 with h=0.2. Hence obtain an approximate value of .
0

Justify the use of particular quadrature formula. (12 marks)

55. Find the hexadecimal equivalent of (41819)10 and decimal equivalent of (111011.10)2
(12 marks)
56. Find the unique polynomial P(x) of degree 2 or less such that P(1)=1, P(3)=27,
P(4)=64. Using the Lagrange’s interpolation formula and the Newton’s divided differ
ence formula, evaluate P(1.5) (30 marks)
57. Draw a flow chart and also write algorithm to find one real root of the non linear equa
tion x =(x) by the fixed point iteration method. Illustrate it to find one real root, correct
up to four places of decimals, of x3–2x–5=0 (30 marks)

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 2004
58. The velocity of a particle at distance from a point on it s path is given by the following
table:
S(meters) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
V(m/sec) 47 58 64 65 61 52 38
1
Estimate the time taken to travel the first 60 meters using Simpson’s rd rule.
3
3
Compact the result with simpson’s th rule. (12 marks)
8
59. (i) If (AB,CD)16=(x)2=(y)8=(z)10 then find x,y & z
(ii) In a 4-bit representation, what is the value of 1111 in signed integer form, unsigned
integer form, signed 1’s complement form and signed 2’s complement form?
(6+6=12 marks)
60. How many positive and negative roots of the equation e –5sinx=0 exist? Find the
x

smallest positive root correct to 3 decimals, using Newton -Raphson method.

(10 marks)
61. Using Gauss-Siedel iterative method, find the solution of the following system:
4x–y+8z=26
5x+2y–z=6 upto three iterations.
x–10y+2z=–13 (15 marks)
2003
1

Evaluate  e dx by employing three points Gaussian quadrature formula, finding the

2
x
62.
0

required weights and residues. Use five decimal places for computation.(12 marks)
63. (i) Convert the following binary number into octal and hexa decimal system:
101110010.10010
(ii) Find the multiplication of the following binary numbers:11001.1 an d 101.1
(6+6=12 marks)
x 1 1
64. Find the positive root of the equation 2e   using Newton-Raphson
x  2 x 1
method correct to four decimal places. Also show that the following scheme has error
1  a 
of second order: xn 1  xn 1  2  (30 marks)
2  xn 
b
1 1
65. Draw a flow chart and algorithm for Simpson’s rd rule for integration  1  x 2 dx
3 a

correct to 10–6 (30 marks)

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 2002
66. Find a real root of the equation f(x)=x3–2x–5=0 by the method of false position.
(12 marks)
67. (i) Convert (100.85)10 into its binary equivalent.
(ii) Multiply the binary numbers (1111.01)2 and (1101.11)2 and check with its decimal
equivalent (4+8=12 marks)
68. (i) Find the cubic polynomial which takes the following values:
y(0)=1, y(1)=0, y(2)=1 & y(3)=10. Hence, or otherwise, obtain y(4)
dy
(ii) Given:  y  x where y(0)=2, using the Runge-Kutta fourth order method, find
dx
y(0.1) and y(0.2). Compare the approximate solution with its exact solution.
e 0.1
 1.10517, e0.2  1.2214  . (10+20=30 marks)

2001
69. Show that the truncation error associated with linear interpolation of f(x), using ordi
1
M 2  x1  x0  where
2
nates at x0 and x1 with x0  x  x1 is not larger in magnitude than
8

2
M 2  max f ''  x  in x0  x  x1. Hence show that if f  x   e
t 2
dt , the truncation
 0

 x1  x0 
2

error corresponding to linear interpolation of f(x) in x0  x  x1 cannot exceed .

2 2 e
(12 marks)
70. (i) Given A.B'+A'.B=C show that A.C'+A'.C=B
(ii) Express the area of the triangle having sides of lenghts 6 2,12, 6 2 units in binary
number system. (6+6=12 marks)
71. Using Gauss Seidel iterative method and the starting solution x1=x2=x3=0, determine
the solution of the following system of equations in two iterations
10x1–x2–x3=8
x1+10x2+x3=12
x1–x2+10x3=10
Compare the approximate solution with the exact solution (30 marks)
72. Find the values of the two-valued variables A,B,C & D by solving the set of
simultaneous equations
A'+A.B=0
A.B=A.C
A.B+A.C'+C.D=C'.D (15 marks)

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 2000
73. (i) Using Newton-Raphson method, show that the iteration formula for finding the
xi  p  1  Nxi 
reciprocal of the pth root of N is xi+1=
p
(ii) Prove De Morgan’s Theorem (p+q)'=p'.q' (6+6=12 marks)
1
dx
74. (i) Evaluate  1  x 2 , by subdividing the intervel (0,1) into 6 equal parts and using
0

Simpson’s one-third rule. Hence find the value of  and actual error, correct to five
places of decimals
(ii) Solve the following system of linear equations, using Gauss-eliminations method.
x1+6x2+3x3=6
2x1+3x2+3x3=117
4x1+x2+2x3=283 (15+15=30 marks)
1999
b

75. Obtain the Simpson’s rule for the integral I   f  x  dx and show that this rule is exact
a

for polynomials of degree n3. In general show that the error of approximation for

b  a 
5

Simpson’s rule is given by R   f iv   ,   0, 2  . Apply this rule to the integral

2880
1
dx
 1  x and show that
0
R  0.008333. (20 marks)

76. Using fourth order classical Runge-Kutta method for the initial value problem
du
 2tu 2 , u  0   1 , with h=0.2 on the interval [0,1], calculate u(0.4) correct to six
dt
places of decimal. (20 marks)
1998
3
dx
77. Evaluate 
1
x
by Simpson’s rule with 4 strips. Determine the error by direct

integration. (20 marks)

78. By the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. tabulate the solution of the differential equation
dy xy  1
 , y(0)=0 in [0, 0.4] with step length 0.1 correct to five places of
dx 10 y 2  4
decimals (20 marks)
79. Use Regula-Falsi method to show that the real root of xlog10x–1.2=0 lies between 3
and 2.740646 (20 marks)

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 1997
81. Apply that fourth order Runge-Kutta method to find a value of y correct to four places
dy
of decimals at x=0.2, when y'   x  y, y  0   1 (20 marks)
dx
82. Show that the iteration formula for finding the reciprocal of N is xn+1 = xn(2–Nxn),
n  0,1....
83. Obtain the cubic spline approximation for the function given in the tabular form below:
x 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 2 33 244 and M0=0, M3=0
1996
84. Describe Newton-Raphson method for finding the solutions of the equation f(x)=0 and
show that the method has a quadratic convergence. (20 marks)
85. The following are the measurements t made on a curve recorded by the oscillograph
representing a change of current i due to a change in the contitions of an electric
current:
t 1.2 2.0 2.5 3.0
i 1.36 0.58 0.34 0.20
Applying an appropriate formula interpolate for the value of i when t=1.6 (20 marks)
dy dz
86. Solve the system of differential equations xz  1,   xy for x = 0.3 given that
dx dx
y=0 and z=1 when x=0, using Runge-Kutta method of order four (20 marks)
1995
87. Find the positive root of logex=cosx nearest to five places of decimal by Netwon-
Raphson method. (20 marks)
3.4
3
88. Find the value of  f  x  dx from the following data using Simpson’s 8 rd
1.6
rule for the

1
interval (1.6,2.2) and th rule for (2.2,3.4):
8
x 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4
f(x) 4.953 6.050 7.389 9.025 11.023

x 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4

f(x) 13.464 16.445 20.086 24.533 29.964 (20 marks)
1994
x 2 x 3 0.3 x
Find the positive root fo the equation e  1  x   e correct to five decimal
x
89.
2 6

i 0 1 2 3
places. xi 1 2 3 4 (20 marks)
yi 1 5 11 8

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90. Fit the following four points by the cubic splines.

Use the end conditions y''0 y''3=0

Hence compute (i) y(1.5) (ii) y'(2) (20 marks)

91. Find the derivate of f(x) at x = 0.4 from the following table:

x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

(20 marks)
y=f(x) 1.10517 1.22140 1.34986 1.49182

1993
92. Find correct to 3 decimal places the two positive roots of 2e x–3x2=2.5644 (20 marks)
3

 x dx Simpson’s rule by taking seven equidistant ordinates.

4
93. Evaluate approximately
3

Compare it with the value obtained by using the trapezoidal rule and with exact value.
(20 marks)
dy
94. Solve  xy for x=1.4 bu Runge-Kutta method, initially x=1, y=2 (Take h=0.2)
dx
(20 marks)
1992
95. Compute to 4 decimal placed by using Newton-Raphson method, the real root of
x2+4sinx=0 (20 marks)
dy
96. Solve by Runge-Kutta method  x  y with the initial conditions x0=0, y0=1 correct
dx
up to 4 decimal places, by evaluating up to swecond increment of y (Take h=0.1)
(20 marks)
97. Fit the natural cubic spline for the data.
x:0 1 2 3 4
y: 0 0 1 0 0 (20 marks)

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