Weather Station

1 Introduction
When conducting a physical experiment, it is critical to keep track of the variables that may
affect the results. One such potential influence is the weather. We develop an Arduino-based
gadget to measure ambient air temperature and pressure in this project as well as humidity.
A weather station is a technological approach for measuring weather parameters based on
atmospheric conditions at a specified site on land or at sea using particular instruments in
order to materialize expected weather conditions and research climatic attributes. Weather
forecasting has been a formal problem since the eighteenth century Then, as soon as the
measurement and recording of accurate data regarding a given area under precise atmospheric
circumstances was adjusted. Temperature and humidity are the two most important factors in
determining the weather. These variables change in regions where the warmth of the sun's
radiation is altered, as well as the perpendicular location of the sun as it radiates over a given
point dependent on the tropical line's latitude.
In fact, the atmosphere is regarded as a chaotic and crucial system owing to the high-grade
impacts that may be spread through the entire system in the event of a little alteration. As a
result, the situation complicates climate forecasting for the foreseeable future, even though
the prediction may only be attainable for a few days. As a result, weather station specialists
continue to forecast weather conditions day after day based on a theoretical analysis of
climatic variables. It is important to note that human struggle in the past was based on several
faulty metrics and words, such as measuring pressure, humidity intensity research and its
influence on temperature, and climate.

2 Objectives

- To develop a weather station that is made without relying on the forecaster's own
judgement.
- to record the Climate conditions such as air temperature, wind speed, wind
direction, and barometric pressure.
- To check the quantity of photo synthetically active radiation above water.

I. Applications

 A greenhouse monitoring who can provide real time data and statistics about the weather
conditions inside the greenhouses.
 They keep track of water temperatures at different depths as well as the quantity of
photo synthetically active radiation above water.
 Weather stations have aided in the preparation of protective measures against
damaging rains, winds, extreme hot or low temperatures, illnesses, and pests.

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  The usage of weather stations aids in dealing with summer frost and excessive
temperature

a) Advantages of Weather Station

 All of the key surface weather measurements are measured by automated
weather stations.
 These stations are superior to traditional ones in that they produce precise and
frequent readings
 These stations consume less power, and can be used almost anyplace.
 It provides information that individuals and organizations may utilize to avoid
weather-related losses
 It enables to improve societal advantages, such as life and property protection,
public health and safety, and economic prosperity and quality of life.

b) Types of sensors in weather station

- RTC module

RTC modules are essentially TIME and DATE remembrance systems with a
battery configuration that keeps the module operational in the absence of external power.
The TIME and DATE are kept up to date as a result of this. As a result, we can get
precise TIME and DATE from the RTC module whenever we want.

Fig. RTC Module

- LDR Sensor
An LDR is a component having a (variable) resistance that varies depending on
the amount of light it receives. They may now be employed in light sensor circuits as
a result of this. These devices are employed in situations where it is important to
detect the presence and absence of light. These resistors are employed as light sensors
in alarm clocks, street lights, light intensity meters, and burglar alarm circuits, among

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 other uses. A light-dependent resistor is a passive component that reduces resistance
when brightness (light) is received on the sensitive surface of the component.

Fig. LDR Sensors

- DHT11 Sensors
The DHT11 is a simple digital temperature and humidity sensor with a
modest price tag. It measures the ambient air with a capacitive humidity sensor and a
thermistor and outputs a digital signal on the data pin (no analogue input pins
needed). It's simple to use, but data collection necessitates precise timing.

Fig. DHT11 Sensors

- MPX4250 pressure Sensor

The MPX4250 series piezo resistive transducer is a cutting-edge monolithic
silicon pressure sensor that may be used in a variety of applications, including those
that use a microcontroller or microprocessor with A/D inputs.

Fig: MPX4250 pressure Sensor

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 - Anemometer
An anemometer is an instrument that measures wind speed and wind
pressure. Anemometers are important tools for meteorologists, who study weather
patterns. The stronger the wind blows, the faster the rod spins.
The anemometer counts the number of rotations, or turns, which is used to calculate
wind speed.

Fig: Anemometer

3 Components

3.1 Arduino Uno

Arduino Has a microcontroller board based on ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14

digital input / output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM output), 6 analog inputs, SPI
(Serial Peripheral Interface) is considered for extension output. In most cases the ICSP Pin as
the sub-head of the program at Arduino Uno contains RESET, SCK, MOSI, MISO, VCC and
GND. Arduino Uno Board is the most popular and highly targeted board for beginners as it is
very easy to get started with, it does not require any specific Arduino Uno software instead
you need to select Arduino Uno in the device option before loading your program. It is an
open source electronic software-based and easy-to-use software platform. Arduino boards can
read input - turn on sensor, finger button, or Twitter message - and turn it into a result -
activate the car, turn on the LED, and publish something online.

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 Fig. Arduino Uno
3.2 Oled 128x62 I2C display
This 0.96-inch OLED display is powered by the SSD 1306 display controller, which is
widely used. It's compatible with both I2C and USB (TWI). The display is modest but really
sharp. It has a 128 x 62-pixel resolution. It's suitable for applications that need displaying
images, bitmaps, and typefaces in a variety of sizes.

Fig. Oled 128x62 I2C display

4 Working:

i. Design a weather station by using sensors to measure the air pressure, temperature,
humidity, date and time of surrounding atmosphere. for this an LDR with specific
resistance is attach with Arduino and detect the light. DHT11 is connected with
Arduino which measures the temperature and humidity of atmosphere and a pressure
sensor is also attach at Arduino inputs. All the values of atmospheric factors are
shown on an LCD that is connected as an output with Arduino. LCD change its
display after 5 seconds and in 1st display Time and Temperature is show while after 5
seconds LCD show the Date Humidity and Lux.

Fig: 1st LCD Display

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 Fig. 2nd LCD display

3 Result/Calculations/Plots
Simulation of Project:

The simulation is done on proteus. Circuit diagram of it is as follow

Fig. Weather Station show time and temperature

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 Fig. Weather Station show humidity, date and LUX

8 Conclusion

It has been emphasized throughout this project that weather monitoring is necessary for
organized and coordinated plans of activities to be carried in our regular routines in life.
Temperature, humidity, and light are all weather characteristics that the device can detect. It
may be used in research laboratories, industry, and agriculture to monitor weather parameters
and provide reliable weather analysis at a low cost. It also proved to be more valuable for
effective weather analysis and accurate outcomes in a smaller region. The objectives for the
project were met and the results were found to be reliable

References

[1] K. Krishnamurthi, S. Thapa, L. Kothari, A. Prakash, “Arduino Based Weather

Monitoring System” International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science
Volume 3, Issue 2, March, April, 2015.
[2] N. Sabharwal, R. Kumar, A. Thakur, J. Sharma "A Low Cost ZigBee Based
Automatic Wireless Weather Station With Gui And Web Hosting Facility"
ICRTEDC, Vol. 1
[3] N. Gahlot, V. Gundkal, S. Kothimbire, A. Thite, “Zigbee based weather
monitoring system” The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES),
Volume 4, Issue 4, PP.61-66, 2015.

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