9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 4
Draft Mechanical Details of
Conveyor
TLE_ICTTD9ML-IVg-h-2
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module presents the basic terminologies and components of an escalator, elevator,
and conveyor system.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Note:
 Grade 7-10:
give the text 11pt;
purpose heads 15pt;
of escalator subheads 11pt to 13pt; art-to-text ratio 30%:70%;
and elevator;
body text justified; use Arial, Times New Roman or Bookman Old Style
 identify the different parts of escalator and elevator; and
 be familiarized with the different types of conveyor system.

What I Know

Directions: Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before each
number.

________1. A conveyor driven by electric motor and has a belt made of fabric or rubber
where
the objects to be transported are placed.
A. belt conveyor B. chain conveyor C. flat conveyor
________2. A conveyor that slows item down when it reaches an area for gathering.

A. accumulation conveyor B. gathering conveyor C. speed

conveyor
________3. A conveyor made up of rollers installed to a metal frame which are tilted slightly
so that objects can roll freely or be moved manually.

1. gravity-roller B. manual C. tilt-roller

________4. A conveyor mechanism that moves in slow speed and transports people across
a horizontal or inclined plane in short distance.
A. lateral sidewalk B. moving plane C. oving sidewalk
________5. An elevator exclusive for carrying materials and goods in warehouses.
A. freight elevator B. passenger elevator C. warehouse
elevator
________6. An elevator used in public buildings that can accommodate passengers on
wheelchairs.
A. building lift B. platform lift C. pwd lift
________7. The most common elevator design consisting of steel cables that lift and lower

1
 an elevator car.
A. cable-driven B. manual-driven C. pulley-driven
________8. The unit that carries the load of cargos or passengers and consists of “car
frame”,
metal enclosure, door, and platform.
a. buffer B. counterweight C. elevator car
________9. A platform next to the elevator hoistway where passengers are received or
discharged.
A. access B. landing C. vestibule
________10 The enclosed vertical space where one or more elevators travel.
A. hoistway B.silo C. track
________11. A wire cable for raising and lowering an elevator car.
A. hoisting cable B. hoisting pipe C. sheave
________12. It is a conveyor transport device designed to transport people to different
levels
of the building.
A. elevator B. escalator C. platform
________13. These are the platform made of stainless steel where people stand on in an
escalator
A. riser B. steps C. tread
________14. It is made of polymer and rubber and moves by chains connected to series of
pulleys.

A. balustrade B. handrail C. track

________15. The space where a person usually stands before stepping on the moving
steps.
A. floor plate B. guard rail C. shaft

What’s In

People are naturally consumed by desire to improve their means of going from one
place to another. The invention of automobiles is an evidence of this obsession. And as if it
was not enough, people invented planes so that we can travel in the sky, and boats to
traverse the oceans. All these improvements in our mode of transportation took roots from
our inclination for speed and convenience.

It is not surprising that this aspiration will affect even short-distance travel and
movements within an area. Hence, the invention of escalators, elevators, and even moving
sidewalks. We want to move from one floor to another comfortably, and we want to do it
fast.

Most people in shopping malls, airports, and public buildings take the elevator and
escalators because of the convenience they give. But these devices offer more than that.

2
Elevators help carry wheelchair-bound patients, heavy loads and equipment that are
impossible to carry in an ordinary stairway, and other emergency supplies that need to be
delivered immediately. Escalators assist elders who are weak to take the stairs. Moving
sidewalks give rest to tired plane passengers.

Needless to say, the need for safe, fast, and efficient transportation extends to
industrial products. Production of goods became efficient by utilizing conveyor systems. Be it
manual or motor-driven, conveyor system is vital to numerous industries.

What’s New
Directions: Find the following words:

elevator

escalator

conveyor

moving sidewalk

What you found are devices that make transportation of people and
goods convenient and safe?
3
Read on to find out more about our topic.
 What is It

The Mechanical Details of Conveyor System

Escalator

An escalator is a power-driven mechanical device, usually taking the form of a

stairway, with stainless steel steps installed on a track moving on a continuous loop. It is a
conveyor transport device designed to transport people to different levels of the building.
Escalators are usually installed in building with numerous occupants such as airports, malls,
hotels, cinemas, and public buildings.

Parts of an Escalator

1. Truss- A structure supported by steel or concrete, connecting it to the top and

bottom
landing platform. It carries the track section and connects the upper and
lower
landings.
2. Balustrade- A metal or glass structure that supports the handrail.
3. Handrail- It is made of polymer and rubber and moves by chains connected to series
of pulleys.
4. Tracks- These are the components that make the steps into stairway as they move.
They are the step wheel track for the front wheels of the steps, and the
trailer
wheel track for the back wheels of the steps.
5. Steps- These are the platform where people stand on. They are made of stainless
steel with protrusions resembling a comb. The steps form a closed loop
connected by chains.
6. Motor- An electric motor that powers the gears and the handrail. Inside the truss, the
escalator is powered by two pairs of gear and a pair of chains. The motor
powers the gears which in turn, moves the chain loop. The handrail moves
with
the similar speed of the steps by a series of wheels. An escalator has a
speed

4
 of 1-2 feet per second.
7. Floor plate- The space where a person usually stands before stepping on the
moving
plates.

Figure 1. The plan and

elevation of an escalator

Configurations of Escalators
1. Parallel- Escalators that are moving in opposite directions and are placed side by
side
2. Criss-cross- Stacked escalators that move in one directions.
3. Multi-parallel- A stack or bank of two or more escalators that are moving in different
directions.
Benefits of Escalator
1. It can move many people at the same time.
2. It takes up space as an ordinary stairway.
3. It has no waiting interval unlike an elevator.

Elevator

An elevator is a moving platform that carries passengers from one level of a building
to another. It is composed of load-carrying unit and a structural steel frame.

An elevator may be a:

Passenger elevator- an elevator exclusively for carrying passengers.

Freight elevator- an elevator for transporting heavy cargos, the person loading the
cargos, and the operator
Dumbwaiter- a small elevator designed to transport food and dishes to another level
of the building.
Parts of an Elevator

1. Elevator car- the unit that carries the load of cargos or passengers that consists of
“car frame”, metal enclosure, door, and platform.
2. Car frame- the structural steel frame making up the car where the components that
move the elevator is attached such as the hoisting cables.
3. Landing- a platform next to the elevator hoistway where passengers are received or
discharged.
4. Hoistway- the elevator shaft or an enclosed vertical space where one or more

5
 elevator travel.
5. Hoistway door- a door between the landing and the hoistway and only opens when
the elevator car stops in the landing.
6. Hoisting machinery- a collection of different components responsible for lifting or
lowering an elevator car, such as motor and generator, gears,
traction machine, drive shaft, speed governor, and brake.
7. Driving sheave- a grooved- wheel or pulley for hoisting.
8. Idle sheave- a pulley used for guiding and tightening the hoist cables.
9. Hoisting cable- a wire cable for raising and lowering an elevator car.
10. Guide rail- a vertical steel track that controls the movement of the counterweight and
the elevator car.
11. Counterweight- it is made of cast-iron blocks that counterbalance the weight of
placed on the hoisting machine through the elevator car.
12. Buffer- It absorbs the impact brought by the descending car. A buffer can be a piston
or a spring.
Types of Elevator

1. Hydraulic Elevator- an
elevator that is powered
by a
piston in a cylinder.
The movement of the
piston is
caused by the
pumping of hydraulic oil.
2. Pneumatic Elevator-
The elevator movements
is
brought by cylinder
with valves and
controllers with air-
shutting mechanism
by suction valves.
3. Cable driven or
Traction Elevator- The
most common
elevator design
consisting of steel cables
that lift and
lower an elevator car.

6
 4. Capsule Lift- This is an elevator with exterior glass
panels.
5. Building Lift- An elevator used in public buildings that
can accommodate passengers on wheelchairs.
6. Passenger Lift- An elevator exclusive for passengers
and is designed for fast vertical travel.
7. Freight Elevator- An elevator exclusive for carrying
materials and goods in warehouses.
8. Residential Elevator- This is designed to be
incorporated in residential buildings.
Figure 2. The parts of
an elevator shown in
section.

Conveyor System

A conveyor is a device specifically designed to provide mechanized movement of

materials. They are mainly used in factories and farms. A conveyor system usually consists
of rollers or belts to move an object from one location to another.

Types of Conveyor

1. Gravity-roller conveyor- It is made up of rollers installed to a metal frame which are

tilted slightly so that objects can roll freely or manually. It uses the weight of the
object being transported for it to move in the desired location.

a. Wheel conveyor- it has series of wheels that drive the object forward.
b. Chute conveyor – has a smooth and flat surface that reduces friction so objects
can slide freely.
c. Roller conveyor- uses rollers to move objects.

2. Powered conveyor- A type of conveyor that is motor-driven.

a. Belt-conveyor- A conveyor driven by electric motor and has a belt made of fabric
or rubber where the objects to be transported are placed. The belt is a continuous
loop with rollers underneath.
b. Slat conveyor- A conveyor with slats where objects are placed for transportation
and is driven by chains and gears.
c. Accumulation conveyor- a conveyor that slows item down when it reaches an
area for collecting or gathering.

Moving Sidewalk

A moving sidewalk is a conveyor mechanism that moves in slow speed and transports
people across a horizontal or inclined plane in short distance. People can stand or walk on a

7
moving sidewalk. A moving sidewalk is usually installed in pair and moves in opposite
directions. It is mainly used in:

1. Airports
2. Public transport such as metro stations and subways
3. Museums
4. Zoos
5. Theme parks

500
989

911

4600

1600
1000
1300

Figure 3. The plan and elevation of a moving

sidewalk.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Directions: Identify the three (3) configurations of an escalator. Write the letter of your
answer
on the space provided.

1.____________________
a. Criss-cross b. Multi-parallel
2.____________________
c. Intersecting d. Parallel
3.____________________

Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. Write your answer
on the space provided.

_______1. An escalator is a power-driven mechanical device, usually taking the form of a

stairway
_______2. An escalator has no waiting interval unlike an elevator.
_______3. An escalator takes up space as an ordinary stairway.
_______4. An escalator has stainless steel steps installed on a track
_______5. An escalator has a speed of 10-12 feet per second.

Independent Activity 2

8
Directions: Write EL if the word corresponds to a part of an elevator, and ES if it is a part of
an escalator. Write the your answer on the space provided.

________1. Handrail
________2. Hoistway
________3. Floor Plate
________4. Truss
________5. “car frame”

Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Enumerate five (5) types of elevator. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1. ______________________________________
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________
4. ______________________________________
5. ______________________________________

Independent Activity 3
Directions: Identify the part of elevator being described. Write the letter of your answer on
the space provided.

a. buffer b. hoistway door c. guide rail

d. car frame e. elevator car f. counterweight

________1. A door between the landing and the hoistway.

________2. It is made of cast-iron blocks that counterbalances the weight of placed on the
hoisting machine through the elevator car.
________3. The unit that carries the load of cargos or passengers.
________4. A vertical steel track that controls the movement of the counterweight and the
elevator car.
________5. It absorbs the impact brought by the descending car

Independent Assessment 3
Directions: Fill the missing word or words to complete the following statements.

1. Gravity-roller conveyor is made up of ____________ installed to a metal frame which are

tilted slightly so that objects can roll freely.
2. A ____________ has a smooth and flat surface that reduces friction so objects can slide
freely.
3. A ____________ is driven by electric motor and has a belt made of fabric or rubber where
the objects to be transported are placed.
4. A slat conveyor is driven by ____________ and gears.
5. An ____________ conveyor slows item down when it reaches an area for collecting or
gathering.

9
 What I Can Do

Directions: Complete the diagram by writing down practical ways on how to take an
escalator
safely provided.

Escalator Safety Tips

Assessment

Directions: Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before each number.

________1. A platform next to the elevator hoistway where passengers are received or
discharged.
A. access B. landing C. vestibule
________2. These are the platform made of stainless steel where people stand on in an
escalator

10
 A. riser B. steps C. tread
________3 The unit that carries the load of cargos or passengers and consists of “car
frame”,
metal enclosure, door, and platform.
A.buffer B. counterweight C. elevator car

________4. A conveyor made up of rollers installed to a metal frame which are tilted slightly
so that objects can roll freely or be moved manually.
A. gravity-roller B. manual C. tilt-roller
________5 The enclosed vertical space where one or more elevators travel.
A. hoistway B.silo C. track
________6. A conveyor driven by electric motor and has a belt made of fabric or rubber
where
the objects to be transported are placed.
A. belt conveyor B. chain conveyor C. flat conveyor
________7. An elevator exclusive for carrying materials and goods in warehouses.
A. freight elevator B. passenger elevator C. warehouse
Elevator
________8. The most common elevator design consisting of steel cables that lift and lower
an elevator car.
A. cable-driven B. manual-driven C. pulley-driven
________9. It is made of polymer and rubber and moves by chains connected to series of
pulleys.
A. balustrade B. handrail C. track
________10. A wire cable for raising and lowering an elevator car.
. A. hoisting cable B. hoisting pipe C. sheave
________11. A conveyor that slows item down when it reaches an area for gathering.
A. accumulation conveyor B. gathering conveyor C. speed
conveyor
________12. It is a conveyor transport device designed to transport people to different
levels
of the building.
A. elevator B. escalator C. platform
________13. An elevator used in public buildings that can accommodate passengers on
wheelchairs.
A. building lift B. platform lift C. pwd lift

________14. The space where a person usually stands before stepping on the moving
steps.
. A. floor plate B. guard rail C. shaft

________15. A conveyor mechanism that moves in slow speed and transports people
across
a horizontal or inclined plane in short distance.

11
 A. lateral sidewalk B. moving plane C.moving
sidewalk

Additional Activities
Directions: List down three (3) practical ways on how to ride an elevator safely.

1.

2.

3..

Answer Key

12
 Independent Assessment 2 What I Know
(in random order) 1. A
1. Hydraulic Elevator 2. A
2. Pneumatic Elevator 3. A
3. Cable driven or Traction Elevator 4. C
4. Capsule Lift 5. A
5. Building Lift
6. A
6. Passenger Lift
7. Freight Elevator 7. A
8. Residential Elevator 8. C
9. B
Independent Activity 3 10. A
a. B 11. A
b. F 12. B
c. E 13. B
d. C 14. B
e. A 15. A
Independent Assessment 3
a. rollers What’s New?
b. chute conveyor
c. belt conveyor
d. chains
e. accumulation

What I Can Do
1. check the direction of the escalator
before boarding
2. hold on the handrail
3. step carefully on and off the steps
4. do not engage in horseplay while on
escalator

Assessment
1. b What’s More
2. b Independent Activity 1
3. c (in random order)
4. a 1. A
5. a 2. B
6. a 3. D
7. a
8. a Independent Assessment 1
9. b 1. T
10. a 2. T
11. a 3. T
12. b 4. T
13. a 5. F
14. a Independent Activity 2
15. c 1. ES
2. EL
Additional Activity 3. ES
4. ES
1. don’t try to stop closing doors 5. EL
2. do not use an elevator in case of fire or
earthquake
3. do not get out of a stalled car

References

A. Books ……..

Ching, Francis D.K. A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. John Willey and Sons, Inc., 1995.

13
Foz, Vicente B. The National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Revised Implementing
Rules and Regulations, Vicente B. Foz, 2005.

Hepler DanA.J., Paul Ross Wallach, Donald Hepler. Drafting and Design for Architecture
and
Construction, Delmar, Cengage Learning, U.S. , 2013.

Salvan, George S.. Architectural Building Materials Third Edition. JMC Press, Inc., 2000.

B. Electronic Sources

Carrier.“How Do Air Conditioners Work.” Accessed January 19, 2021.

https://www.carrier.com/residential/en/us/products/air-conditioners/how-do-air-
conditioners-work/.

Britannica. “Conveyor.” Accessed January 19, 2021.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/conveyor.

LA Conveyors. “What Is A Conveyor System.” Accessed January 19, 2021.

https://www.lacconveyors.co.uk/what-is-a-conveyor-system/.

Osequip.”Types of Conveyor.” Accessed January 19, 2021.

https://www.osequip.com/keeping-things-moving-along-6-key-types-of-conveyor/.

Urban Hub. “Moving Sidewalks.” January 19, 2021.

https://www.urban-hub.com/smart_mobility/moving-walkways-alternative-urban-
transportation/.

It Still Works. “Advantages of Escalators.” Accessed January 19, 2021.

https://itstillworks.com/12532605/the-advantages-of-escalators.

14
15