Understanding Culture,

Society and Politics

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature, Goals and Perspectives
in Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science [MELC1]
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Armando D. Ison
Editors: Alfred James A. Ellar
James Angelo T. Año
Reviewers: Leonardo C. Cargullo
Yolanda DC. Lumanog
Asher H. Pasco
Jesusa L. Partosa
Alfonso V. Mabuting
Johncent Roy C. Tibordo
Illustrators: Shiela Mae L. Ortiz
Maria Babylyn B. Nevalga
Armando D. Ison
Layout Artists: Allan Gilbert M. Jain
Maria Cristina F. Lim
Armando D. Ison
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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature, Goals and Perspectives
in Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Grade 11

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Nature, Goals and Perspectives in
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science (MELC 1).
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Grade 11

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Nature, Goals and Perspectives in
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science (MELC 1).

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

iii
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Understanding Culture Society and Politics. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is about the Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology
and Political Science

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the nature, goals, and perspectives in anthropology, sociology and
political science;
2. Recognize the concepts and the subjects of inquiries of anthropology,
sociology and political science; and
3. Appreciate the importance of the goals of anthropology, sociology and
political science.

1
 What I Know

General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

For numbers 1-4, identify the branch of science described in each item. Choose
your answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Political Science

1. This is the study of society, patterns of social interactions, and culture of

everyday life.
2. Its goal is to look for the similarities and differences among the cultures of
societies around the world. In doing so, we could be able to understand more
about human nature, and be more tolerant on other people’s behavior and
actions.
3. If we want to know why certain social phenomena happened, such as the
television program Eat Bulaga’s Kalyeserye gaining millions of tweets
worldwide, this field of social science answers these occurrences.
4. Its main concern is to learn how to use power over others to maintain social
order and harmony among citizens.

For numbers 5-8, identify the most appropriate discipline to be used in the
following research scenarios and recent development that happened in our country.
Choose your answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Geography d. Political Science

5. Preservation of cultural diversity and respect for traditions in this period of

globalization
6. Exchange of culture and ideas in the macro level and breakdown of families
in the micro level as a result of economic migration by Filipino workers
7. Framing legislative policies abolishing or limiting political dynasties all over
the Philippines.
8. Referendum was held in selected provinces comprising the old Bangsamoro
republic for the ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Basic Law. This was
done to promote development, peace, and order in their locality.

For numbers 9-15, choose the best answer for each item.
9. A researcher chose to write about indigenous people in Mindanao and he
described them using some concepts such as kinship, gender and power. He
tried to compare them to other groups of people. Which of the following fields
of science did the statement above portray?
a. Anthropology c. Political science
b. History d. Sociology

2
10. It entails political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, laws,
strategy, and war.
a. Anthropology c. Sociology
b. Philosophy d. Political science
11. Food habits like the way of cooking foods, habits of dressing up, relationship
with family members or with in-laws, and many others are some of the
focuses of this anthropological field.
a. Biological anthropology c. Cultural & social anthropology
b. Archaeology d. Linguistics
12. Society and culture is indeed connected with one another, all
encompassing, meaning we visualize culture and society as a complex whole.
The following descriptions below clearly explain how culture, society, and
politics are interrelated with one another, except for one. Which description
is it?
a. People interact meaningfully with one another and observe
social norms as members of the society.
b. The culture of a society encompasses the meaningful processes and
products of social interactions.
c. People interact in society as individuals and as group with duties and
privileges.
d. Members of the society are not active in the engagement in political
activities.
13. Which of the following statement is NOT a definition of the word
anthropology?
a. This is the study of ancient societies and their cultural traditions.
b. It comes from the Greek words anthropos meaning “humankind,” and
logos meaning “study.”
c. It studies the ways in which cultural traditions of different groups of
people have changed over the years.
d. This deals with the scientific study of human interactions, social
groups and institutions, and the whole society.
14. In social science, the study of the biological evolution of man is important
because it provides explanations on the reason behind the biological
variations among contemporary human population. Which field of social
science is discussed in the said statement?
a. Archeology c. Biological anthropology
b. Ethnology d. Linguistics
15. A group of people is responsible for discovering and digging up old
communities. Based on the fossils and artifacts found during the excavation,
they try to put these pieces of evidence together to describe the community,
its people, their culture, and traditions. Who do you think are these people?
a. Archeologists c. Ethnologists
b. Historians d. Sociologists

3
 What’s In

Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about
culture that is the main focus of our discussion.
#Walang Forever –
Change is inevitable because it is the law of nature. Similarly, society does
not remain static. It changes, as the world continues to change, most especially
with the advent of new discoveries in science and technology. It is not new to us
how our ways of life before is no longer the ways of life of today’s generation. People
should be open for changes. It is very important that we understand and accept the
challenges these changes are imposing on us and recognize all the factors that
brought these changes.
Since change is already happening at present, let us realize how social
change occurs because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Tell the changes on
some aspects of your life by completing the table below.

Before COVID-19 During COVID-19

Way of life

View of the
world

Priorities in
life

Relationships
with others

Answer the following question:

1. Can we consider these changes as examples of social change? Why or why
not?
2. What are the roles of government in protecting us from the harmful effects of
this pandemic?
3. Aside from the government, how do you think other sectors of the
community like schools, churches, and industries, can cope with these
changes?
4. What are your fears related to this unexpected event in your life? How do
you deal with your worries during this time of COVID-19 pandemic?

4
 What’s New

#PIN-POINT

Using the given illustration above, identify the concepts that you can relate
to culture, society and politics.

Culture Society Politics

Culture is what bonds a society

The idea of having control over
Comprised of diverse kind of people things
It serves as a mark of
ones' affliation in a certain
social group People living together Implements laws and regulations
following the same norms to achieve the greater good of
and culture the society
Honors a long
history of
cultivation of
ideals

5
After doing the activity, give your own definition of culture, society and politics.

Culture

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________

Society

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________

Politics

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________

We are now ready to engage in discussing our new

lesson in this module

6
 What is It

In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to deepen your
understanding about culture.

Please continue reading with comprehension as you discover further

knowledge that will help you out in your quest on the remaining phases of this
lesson.
Since our course is Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, we can deepen our
understanding of ourselves as members of society by studying these three
specialized fields, namely: anthropology for culture, sociology for society and
political science for politics

A lot of us are likely confused with the difference between sociology and
anthropology. Confusion might come from their commonalities as the two are
dealing with society and culture. Both of them study human behavior and the
different factors that affects our social relations. Since these two fields are most
likely similar to each other, let us first draw out its differences

To find out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us study
the similar and various concepts between each field below:

Anthropology Sociology
Answers the What does it mean to be How do we study society?
question.. human? What are the things that you
Who are you? think influence your life?
Where do you come from? What is life to people living in
places with different culture and
behavior?
Where did it Anthropology started as a Sociology emerged as an
started? science during the time of academic field right at the height
exploration when European of Industrial Revolution in Europe
countries started to colonize which mobilized the entire
what they considered as population in a way that had
primitive societies where people never been before in human
were believed to be savages and history. These era had brought
barbaric. great changes in the way people
live in a society.

Let it be clear that anthropology Sociology started as the study of

started as the study of non- European society by European
European people by European people (inward).
people (outward).
During that time, emerging
During their colonial encounter institutions arose and replaced
with these people, Europeans the old ones such as how science
started to make a written was taking over religion, when the
records about non-Europeans. reign of kings and queens fell

7
 They focus on kinship, down, and when the era of
language, race, religion, feudalism had ended. People saw
cultural perceptions, and the importance of studying these
others. emerging institutions and how
they started and what impact
they could make to an individual
and the new society in general.
Who started Franz Boas –considered as the Auguste Comte – French
this field? father of modern American philosopher and mathematician.
anthropology. His study led to He coined the term sociology. He
the doctrine of “historical saw the need for a systematic
particularism,” where he stated science of studying society and in
that each society is considered dealing with the solution of its
as having a unique form of basic problems.
culture that cannot be
understood under an overall
definiton of general culture.
Concept Anthroplogy is the study of Sociology is the study of society,
people and their culture. patterns of social interactions,
It uses a special research and culture of everyday life.
method known as ethnography Unlike anthropology, the
in which antropologists are knowledge created by sociology is
required to live with their used to understand one’s own
subject of study for a long society.
period of time in order to make Sociologists use qualitative
their writings more reliable and research method in doing their
credible. studies.
Subjects of Biological anthropology refers to Anything in a society that
Inquiry the study of human origins influences people’s lives can be
(genetics, race, evolutions, subjects of inquiry, like different
fossils, primates). social phenomena, issues, and
Cultural anthropology is the problems.
study of living people (religion,
social system, language, Sociologists can also look into
clothing, foods, beliefs, things that influence life like
traditions, etc). family background, socio-
Linguistics is the study of economic status, ethnicity, social
language, its evolution, its classes, religion, gender, beliefs,
connection to other languages, traditions, norms, among others.
and others. Some fields are social
Archeology refers to the study organization, social psychology,
of dead culture (religion, social applied sociology, and human
system, language, how they ecology.
dress, foods, beliefs, traditions,
etc).

Goals The goals of anthropology are The goals of Sociology are the
the following: following:
- See the commonalities -Obtain possible theories and
among people (tradition, principles about society as well
language, kinship, etc). as various aspects of social life.
- Look at what makes us the - Study the nature of humanity
same to understand more to further examine our roles

8
 about human nature. within a society.
- Discover what makes people - Appreciate that all things in
different from each other in society are interdependent.
order to understand and - Expose our minds to different
preserve diversity. perspectives in attaining truth.
- Produce new knowledge and
new theories about mankind
and behavior.
- Look at one’s own culture
more objectively.

After finding out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us
now proceed with another discipline in social science that plays another important
role in our life.

Politics impacts our lives directly or indirectly, whether we are aware of its
effects or not. If there is a crime that took place, we call a police, and this scheme is
part of government. If there was a fire that occured, we call the fire department,
and that’s also a part of government. Military is government as well, let alone our
civil liberty and our rights which have influences on us daily. In school, you were
asked to read by heart the Constitution. When you are apprehended by an
authority, you asked your violation and insisted on your legal rights. Even inside
your house, there are still set of rules that are being enforced and followed. All
these things are related to a field called Political Science.

Description/Explanation
Origin - The study of political science was started by the ancient
Greeks.
- Aristotle on his book “Politics” stated that Man is a political
animal. It means that it is our nature to live in a society
and to have power over another.
Concepts - Political Science is the systematic study of government,
politics, and political power.
- It is often defined as who gets what, when, where and how.
Subjects of - political theory, philosopy and different political ideologies
Inquiry - public management
- human rights
- international relations and foreign policies
Goals - Make people a better citizens.
- Keep social order and harmony among different group of
people.
- Protect the rights of an individual.
- Avoid conflict and promote cooperation.

9
 What’s More

Activity 1. #MY PERSONAL SOCIAL MAP

Find your own social location by creating your own social map. Fill up every
important feature given on each box to understand yourself better.

Race Religion

Social class Type of community (urban/rural)

Gender
Language/Dialect

Answer the following questions

1. What do you think is the importance of finding your social location in your
own society?
2. How do the following features (race, gender, religion, class, etc.) affect you in
pursuing your present and future plans? Do they provide opportunities or
serve as constraints?
3. How does government respond to the needs of those people who belong to
the same social location where you are located right now?

Activity 2
Archaeology is a branch of anthropology that studies the culture of dead
people. Archaeologists rely on the pieces of evidence that they exhumed from
discovered old cities and civilizations. We learn many things about our past based
on their findings.
Today, people can store information digitally and put it in formats that can
last for a long period. In relation, let us do an activity by describing yourself to the
future generation through clues about you and the present society where you live.

10
 As a student of this generation, you are tasked to make a historical footprint
of your contemporary society so that people of future generations will understand
how people of today lived, and what their personality, values, set of beliefs, and
ideas were. You have to provide them with one written evidence that describes your
society and two objects with explanation that represent your present society.

Description of your society

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Drawing or picture of two objects that represent your society with explanation

__________________________ __________________________
__________________________ __________________________
__________________________ __________________________

11
 What I Have Learned

“T-M-L Phrase

Complete the following phrases.

The Topic was about
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

It Matters because
______________________________________________________________________
These topics help one to ponder on our societal issues objectively as well as having an
in-depth understanding on.....
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

I’ve Learned today that

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

12
 What I Can Do

Photo Analysis of Social Issues

Based on the picture below, identify the major social issue or problem
that affects our society today. Explain how the disciplines of anthropology,
sociology, and political science help us in addressing this issue.

Issue/Problem Discipline/s in social science you will

use for the problem/issue

The unending war against the COVID-19

13
 Assessment

General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

For numbers 1-4, identify the branch of science described in each item. Choose
your answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology b. Political Science c. Sociology

1. Its goal is to look for the similarities and differences among the culture of
societies around the world. In doing so, we could be able to understand more
about human nature, and be more tolerant on other people’s behavior and
actions.
2. This is the study of society, patterns of social interactions, and culture of
everyday life.
3. Its main concern is to learn how to use power over others to maintain social
order and harmony among citizens.
4. If we want to know why certain social phenomena happened, such as the
television program Eat Bulaga’s Kalyeserye gaining millions of tweets
worldwide, this field of social science answers these occurrences.

For numbers 5-8, identify the most appropriate discipline to be used in the
following research scenarios and recent development that happened in our country.
Choose your answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology c. Political Science
b. Geography d. Sociology
5. Framing legislative policies abolishing or limiting political dynasties all over
the Philippines
6. Preservation of cultural diversity and respect for traditions in this period of
globalization
7. Referendum was held in selected provinces comprising the old Bangsamoro
republic for the ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Basic Law. This was
done to promote development, peace, and order in their locality.
8. Exchange of culture and ideas in the macro level and breakdown of families
in the micro level as a result of economic migration by Filipino workers
For numbers 9-15, choose the best answer for each item.
9. Food habits like the way of cooking foods, habits of dressing up, relationship
with family members or with in-laws, and many others are some of the
focuses of this anthropological field.
a. Archaeology c. Linguistics
b. Biological anthropology d. Cultural & social anthropology

14
10. A researcher chose to write about indigenous people in Mindanao and he
described them using some concepts such as kinship, gender and power. He
tried to compare them to other groups of people. Which of the following fields
of science did the statement above portray?
a. History c. Political science
b. Anthropology d. Sociology
11. It entails political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, laws,
strategy, and war.
a. Anthropology c.Sociology
b. Philosophy d. Political science
12. Which of the following statements is the best definition of sociology?
a. This is the study of ancient societies and their cultural traditions.
b. It comes from the Greek words anthropos meaning “humankind,” and
logos meaning “study.”
c. This deals with the scientific study of human interactions, social
groups and institutions, and the whole societies.
d. It studies the ways in which cultural traditions of different groups of
people have changed over the years.
13. A group of people is responsible for discovering and digging up old
communities. Based on the fossils and artifacts found during the excavation,
they try to put these pieces of evidence together to describe the community,
its people, their culture, and traditions. Who do you think are these people?
a. Archeologists c. Ethnologists
b. Historians d. Sociologists
14. Society and culture is indeed connected with one another, all
encompassing, meaning we visualize culture and society as a complex whole.
The following descriptions below clearly explain how culture, society, and
politics are interrelated with one another, except for one. Which description
is it?
a. Members of the society are not active in the engagement in political
activities.
b. People interact meaningfully with one another and observe social
norms as members of the society.
c. The culture of a society encompasses the meaningful processes and
products of social interactions
d. People interact in society as individuals and as group with duties and
privileges.
15. In social science, the study of the biological evolution of man is important
because it provides explanations on the reason behind the biological
variations among contemporary human population. Which field of social
science is described in the said statement?
a. Archeology c. Linguistics
b. Ethnology d. Biological anthropology

15
 Additional Activities

i-classify-it

Sociology and anthropology are social science disciplines that focus on

studying the behavior of humans within their societies. The main difference
between the two concepts is that sociology concentrates on society (social
institutions/structures) while anthropology focuses on culture. With this,
identify the following statements below if it is a scenario related to sociology or
anthropology. The words in bold letters serve as your clue.

1. A Family is usually consisted of a mother, father and their children.

2. Dela Cruz family was guided by the religious belief that “A family that
prays together, stays together.”
3. The parents, together with their children, loved to go out and dine in
together, eating their favorite foods like adobo, kare-kare, sinigang, and
sinampalukan.
4. Ana, a member of the family, meanwhile learned how to cook these foods
through a culinary school.
5. During summer vacations, the family goes to the province to visit their
grandparents and other relatives.
6. They learned from their grandparents that fiestas are celebrated to give
thanks to bountiful blessings and to give honor to the patron saint of the
town.
7. The leaders of their local church prepared activities during the
celebration.
8. Government officials contributed some help to make the event
successful.
9. Dela Cruz family really enjoyed the activities especially the part when
native Filipino games were played.
10. Peace and order were maintained through the enforcement of certain
written rules and regulations.

16
#i-scrutinize

Answer the following questions

1. When you read all the statements together from numbers 1-10, does it give
you a clear picture about the people and its culture? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What happened when statements are broken down and grouped together
into anthropology or sociology? Does it still give you a clear picture of culture
and society?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think is the importance of the combined role of anthropology

and sociology in understanding the culture of other people?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

17
References

Anthropology vs Sociology. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23,2020 from

https://www.diffen.com/difference/Anthropology_vs_Sociology.
Cultural Dynamics. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2020 from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/cultural-
dynamics.
Department of Political Science. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2020 from
https://www.polisci.washington.edu/what-political-science.
Ifie, C. (2017, November 21). Anthropology Vs. Sociology. Retrieved May 20,
2020 from https://education.seattlepi.com/anthropology-vs-
sociology-1536.html.
Parena, K. (2017, March 30). Understanding the concepts of anthropology,
sociology. Retrieved May 20, 2020 from
https://www.slideshare.net/kellykhel/ understanding-the-concepts-
of-anthropology-sociology.

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