jhs; %d;W

rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs;

ghlE}y; tbtikg;G

Kidtu; K.N[hjpyl;Rkp vk;.V (jkpo;).> vk;.V (Nahfh).>

vk;.V (nkhopapay;).> vk;./gpy;.> gpvr;.b.>

Jizg;Nguhrpupau;> newpahsu;>
jkpoha;Tj;Jiw> gp\g; `Pgu; fy;Y}up>
Gj;J}u;> jpUr;rp – 17.

ghujpjhrd; gy;fiyf; fofk;>

jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp.
 Nehf;fk;

Gjpa ,yf;fpa tiffSf;Fk;> tbtq;fSf;Fk; ,lq;nfhLj;Jj; jd;id

tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l nkhop jkpo;. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; Ngupyf;fpak;>
rpw;wpyf;fpak; vDk; ghFghL mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpaJ. msthy; tpupe;J>
kf;fSila tho;f;ifia milahsg;gLj;jp> mtu;fis newpg;gLj;Jk; ,yf;fpaq;fs;
Ngupyf;fpaq;fs; vdg;gl;ld. msthy; Fiwe;J> fw;gid kpFjpahfj; nja;tq;fisAk;>
nry;tu;fisAk;> kf;fisAk; jiytu;fshff; nfhz;L gilf;fg;gl;lit
rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; vdg;gl;ld. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspd; ,yf;fzj;ijg; gd;dpU ghl;bay;>
tr;rze;jp khiy Mfpa E}y;fs; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; ‘gpuge;jq;fs;’
vDk; tlnkhopr; nrhy;yhy; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;iwj; njhz;Z}w;whW tifahf
mikg;gu;.

1. mq;fkhiy 27. fz;gil epiy

2. ml;l kq;fyk; 28. fyk;gfk;
3. mDuhf khiy 29. fhQ;rp khiy
4. murd; tpUj;jk; 30. fhg;G khiy
5. myq;fhu gQ;rk; 31. fhg;gpak;
6. Mw;Wg;gil 32. Fokfd;
7. ,izkzp khiy 33. FwtQ;rp
8. ,ad;nkhop tho;j;J 34. Nfrhjp ghjk;
9. ,ul;ilkzp khiy 35. iff;fpis khiy
10. ,Ugh ,Ug/J 36. ifaWepiy
11. cyh 37. Nfhit
12. cyh kly; 38. rjfk;
13. coj;jpg; ghl;L 39. rhjfk;
14. copiQ khiy 40. rpd;dg;G+
15. cw;gt khiy 41. nrUf;fstQ;rp
16. Cry; 42. nrtpawpTW}c
17. Cu; ,d;dpir 43. jrhq;fj;jay;
18. Cu; Neupir 44. jrhq;fk;
19. Cu; ntz;gh 45. jz;lf khiy
20. vz; khiy 46. jhz;lfk;
21. vO$w;wpUf;if 47. jhuif khiy
22. Ie;jpizr; nra;As; 48. jhid khiy
23. xUgh xUg/J 49. Jk;ig khiy
24. xypaye;jhjp 50. Japnyil epiy
25. fbif ntz;gh 51. J}J
26. fil epiy 52. njhifr; nra;As;

i
53. eadg; gj;J 75. ngUkfpo;r;rp khiy
54. etkzp khiy 76. ngUkq;fyk;
55. ehk khiy 77. Nghu;f;nfO tQ;rp
56. ehw;gJ 78. kq;fy ts;is
57. ehd;kzp khiy 79. kly;
58. E}w;we;jhjp 80. khiy tif
59. nehr;rp khiy 81. KJfhQ;rp
60. gjpfk; (gj;J) 82. Kk;kzpf;Nfhit
61. gs;S 83. Kk;kzp khiy
62. gNahjug; gj;J 84. nka;f;fPu;j;jp
63. guzp 85. tre;j khiy
64. gy;re;j khiy 86. tuyhw;W tQ;rp
65. gtdpf; fhjy; 87. tUf;ff; Nfhit
66. gd;kzp khiy 88. tUf;f khiy
67. ghjhjp Nfrk; 89. thif khiy
68. gps;isj;jkpo; 90. thNjhuz kQ;rup
69. Gfo;r;rp khiy 91. thAiw tho;j;J
70. Gwepiy 92. tpUj;j ,yf;fzk;
71. Gwepiy tho;j;J 93. tpsf;F epiy
72. ngau; Neupir 94. tPuntl;rp khiy
73. ngau; ,d;dpir 95. ntw;wp fue;j kQ;rup
74. ngUq;fhg;gpak; 96. Ntdpy; khiy

jkpopy; rpw;wpyf;fpa tpij

jkpopd; Kjy; E}yhk; njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; rpw;wpyf;fpaf; $Wfs; ,lk;

ngWfpd;wd. mjd;gpd; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspYk;> rpwg;ghfg; gf;jp ,af;f fhyj;jpYk;
rpw;wpyf;fpaj;jpd; tsu;r;rp cau;e;j epiyia mile;J> ehaf;fu;fspd; fhyj;jpy;
rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; mjpfkhfj; Njhd;wpd. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspy; me;jhjp> J}J> cyh>
Nfhit> fyk;gfk;> guzp> gps;isj;jkpo;> gs;S> FwtQ;rp> mk;khid Nghd;w
tiffs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fd.

1. fyk;gfk;

‘fyk;gfk;’ vd;gJ gytif cWg;Gk; nghUSk;> ghl;Lk; fye;J ghlg;ngWtJ.

gy;NtW tifg;gl;l epwKk;> tbTk;> kzKk; cila kyu;fshy; njhLf;fg;gl;l
G+khiy fjk;gk; vdg; ngau; ngw;whw;Nghyg; gytifahd Xir eaKila
ghf;fSk;> ,dq;fSk;> cWg;Gf;fSk; gapd;W> mfKk;> GwKk;> mfg;Gwkhfpa

ii
jpizfs; tputp ctif> ngUkpjk; KjypaitfSk; ,izj;Jg; ghlg;ngWk;
ghkhiy ‘fyk;gfk;’ vdg;gl;lJ.

2. cyh

,yf;fpa tiffspy; nghUz;ikr; rpwg;ghy; nghypT ngw;W tpsq;Fk;

rpytw;Ws; cyh ,yf;fpaKk; xd;W. cyiff; fhf;Fk; ,iwtdpd; jpUTUNth>
murNdh> cyfk; Nghw;Wk; xU ts;sNyh> ahid> Fjpiu> Nju; Kjypa thfdq;fspy;
Vwp tu> kq;fy ,irf;fUtpfs; Koq;f> tPjpapy; cyh tUtjhfTk;> Ngij.
ngJk;ig> kq;if> kle;ij> mupit> njupit> Ngupsk;ngz; vd;w VO gUt kfspUk;
mtiuf; fz;L fhjy; nfhz;L tUe;JtjhfTk;> Gytu;fshy; fw;gidr; nrwpTld;
ghlg;ngWk; xUtifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaNk cyh vd;W miof;fg;ngWfpd;wJ.

cyh E}y;fspy; Kjyhtjhfg; ghlg; ngw;wJ jpUf;fapyha QhdTyhthFk;.

Kjypy; ghlg;ngw;wjdhy; MjpAyh vd;Wk; ,J toq;fg;ngWk;. fp.gp. vl;lhk;
E}w;whz;by; Nru ehl;bd; rpW gFjpia Ml;rp Gupe;jtUk;> nre;jkpo;r; irtg;
GytUkhfpa Nrukhd; ngUkhd; ehadhu; ,jidg; ghbdhu;.

3. gps;isj;jkpo;

,t;tif ,yf;fpaj;jpy;; ghl;Lilj; jiytidg; gps;isg; gUtj;jddhf

vz;zp cUtfpj;Jg; ghlg;ngWk;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; ghl;bay; E}y;fs; gps;isj;jkpo;
vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tifapy; ,yf;fzj;ij cUthf;fpAs;sd.

Mz;ghy; gps;isj; jkpOf;Ff; fhg;G> nrq;fPiu> jhy;> rg;ghzp> Kj;jk;> tUif>

mk;Gyp> rpw;wpy;> rpWgiw> rpWNju; vd;Dk; gj;Jg; gUtq;fs; cupad. ngz;ghw;
gps;isj; jkpohapd; ,Wjp %d;iwAk; ePf;fptpl;Lf; foq;F> ePuhly;> Cry; Mfpad
ghlg;gLk;. ngz;ghw; gps;isj; jkpo; rpytw;wpy; mk;khid> ePuhly;> Cry; Mfpa
gUtq;fs; cs;sd.

jiytidf; Fwpg;gpl;l taJilatdhf vz;zpg; gps;isj;jkpo; ghLjy;

kughFk;. Foe;ij gpwe;j %d;whk; khjk; Kjy; ,Ugj;njhU khjk; tiuAs;s gj;J
khjq;fSf;Fk; gj;Jg; gUtk; ghlg;ngWk;. gj;Jg; gUtq;fSk; gj;Jg; gj;Jg; ghly;fs;
nfhz;lit. E}ypy; E}W ghly;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.

4. guzp

,t;tpyf;fpak; Nghu;f;fsk;> tPuu; jk; tuyhW> ,ay;G> Nghu;Kiwfisg; gw;wpg;

ghLtJ. ,g;guzp ,yf;fpak; tpz;> kz;> eufk; %d;wpidAk; ,izj;Jf;
$Wk; ,ay;GilaJ. md;wpAk; flTs; tho;j;J> filjpwg;G> fhL ghbaJ> Nga;fisg;
ghbaJ> Nfhapiyg; ghbaJ> Njtpiag; ghbaJ> Nga;Kiwg;ghL> fhspf;Ff; $sp

iii
$wpaJ> Nghu; ghbaJ> fsk; ghbaJ> tho;j;J Kjypa Jiwfisg; ngw;Ws;sJ.
guzp E}y;fSs; rpwe;jJ nraq;nfhz;lhu; ghba fypq;fj;Jg; guzp MFk;. ntw;wp
tPuu;fisr; rpwg;gpg;gNj guzpapd; Nehf;F vd;whYk; Njhy;tpaile;jhiur; rhu;e;Nj
E}Yf;Fg; ngauplg;gLk; Kiw vdg;gl;lJ. gpw;fhyj;jpy; guzp ,yf;fpaq;fs; gpw
Jiwfspy; ntw;wp ngWjiyAk; ghbg; Gfo;e;jd.

5. gs;S

‘gs;S’ vd;gJ gs;su;fs; vd;W $wg;gLgtupd; tho;f;ifia mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L vOe;j E}yhFk;. gs;su;fs; vd;gtu;fs; - gs;sq;fspy; - tay; ntspfspy;
njhopy; GupAk; jkpo; kf;fshtu;. ,tu;fs; cotu;fs; vdg;gl;lhu;fs;. cotu;fs;
cyfj;Jf;F mr;rhzp Nghd;wtu;fs; vdf; fUjg;gl;lhu;fs;.

cotu;fspd; ,irg;ghly;fis cotu; ghl;L> coj;jpau; ghl;L vd;W

mioj;jdu;. cotu;> gs;su; vd miof;fg;gl;l gpd;du; mtu; gw;wpa ghl;L> ‘gs;Sg;
ghl;L’ vdg;gl;lJ. gs;S E}y;fs; fypg;gh> tpUj;jk;> rpe;J Nghd;w
ghtiffshy; ,aw;wg;ngWk;. gs;S E}y;fspy; rpwe;jJ Kf;$lw;gs;S. ,jidf;
fp.gp.1680,y; Njhd;wpa Kjy; gs;S E}y; vdTk; $Wtu;. Kidtu; e.tP.nrauhkd;
mtu;fs; fkiy Qhdg;gpufhruhy; nra;ag;gl;l jpUth&u;g; gs;Ns Kjw;fz;
Njhd;wpajhff; $Wtu;.

6. J}J

xUtu; jkJ fUj;ij kw;nwhUtUf;Fj; njuptpf;f ,ilNa gpwpnjhUtiu

mDg;GtNj J}J MFk;. ,jid mfj;J}J> GWj;J}J vd ,uz;lhff; $wyhk;.
jiytp jiytdplj;Nj J}jDg;GjYk;> jiytd; jiytpapdplj;Nj J}jDg;GjYk;
mfj;J}J MFk;. muRfs; giftuplj;J J}jDg;GjYk;> Gytu;fs; ts;sy;fsplj;Jj;
J}jDg;GjYk; Gwj;J}J MFk;.

vfpdk;> kapy;> fps;is> vopyp> G+it> Njhop> Fapy;> neQ;rk;> njd;wy;> tz;L
Mfpa gj;ijAk; jiytdplj;Jk; J}J nrd;W tUkhW jiytp ghLtjhff;
fypntz;ghthy; ghLtJ J}jpd; ,yf;fzk; MFk;. ,g;gj;Nj md;wpg; gzk;> jkpo;>
khd;> trdk;> rt;thJ> ney;> Gifapiy> tpwyp> Jfpy;> fhf;if> fOij> md;G.
nrUg;G Kjypa nghUs;fisj; J}J tpLg;gjhf mike;j gy E}y;fSk; ,d;W
vOe;Js;sd. Kjy; J}J ,yf;fpak; nfhw;wtd; Fb ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahu; ,aw;wpa
neQ;R tpL J}J vd;Dk; E}Ny MFk;.

7. FwtQ;rp

ehlf ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F ey;y rhd;whf tpsq;FtJ FwtQ;rp ,yf;fpak;.

ghl;Lilj; jiytid mtdJ cyhtpd;NghJ fz;L fhjy; nfhz;L> fhjy;

iv
Ntjidahy; thbj; jtpf;Fk; jiytp xUj;jpf;Ff; Fwtu; Fyj;ijr; Nru;e;j
tQ;rpnahUj;jp Fwp $Wtjhf miktNj FwtQ;rp ,yf;fpak;.

Fwj;jp> jiytp> Fwtd;> fl;baq;fhud;> Njhop> ghq;fp> FStd;> Gypad;

Kjypa khe;ju;fisf; nfhz;L FwtQ;rp ,yf;fpak; ehlf ,yf;fpakhf kpspUk;
ngw;wpAilaJ. FwtQ;rp ehlf ,yf;fpakhjyhy; ,irg;ghly;fSk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.
jpup$luhrg;gf; ftpuhauhy; ,aw;wg; ngw;w Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rpNa Kjy;
FwtQ;rp ,yf;fpakhFk;. ,J RitahYk; eileaj;jhYk; Kjd;ik ngw;wJ.

8. me;jhjp

rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; vz;zpf;ifahYk; nghUl; rpwg;ghYk; Kjyplk; ngw;Wj;

jpfOk; ngUik me;jhjp ,yf;fpaj;Jf;F cz;L. ,yf;fpag; ghly;fis
tud;Kiwaha; epidtpy; itj;J Xjp kfpo Vw;gl;lJ me;jhjp mikg;G. xU
ghlypd; ,Wjpapy; cs;s vOj;J> mir> nrhy;> rPu;> mb ahjhDk; xd;W> mLj;j
ghlypd; Kjypy; tUk;gb mikj;Jg; ghLtJ me;jhjp vdg;gLk;. me;jhjpiaj;
jdpnahU rpw;wpyf;fpakhf cUthf;fpa ngUik fhiuf;fhyk;ikahUf;Nf cz;L.
Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;by; mtu; ghba mw;Gjj; jpUte;jhjpNa Kjypy; Njhd;wpa
me;jhjp ,yf;fpa E}y;. me;jhjp ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,iwtd;> ,iwtp> Qhdf;Futu;>
mbahu;fs; MfpNahu;fisg; ghl;Lilj; jiytu;fshf itj;Jg; ghlg; ngw;Ws;sd.

9. Nfhit

mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fzj;ijj; jOtp Ie;jpizapy; fsT> fw;gpDf;Fupa

nrhw;fisAilajha;> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw ahg;gpy; ehD}W ghly;fshy;
nra;ag;gLtJ Nfhit vd;Dk; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ,yf;fzkhFk;. Ie;jpizf;Fupa ehD}W
JiwfSk; mika ghlg;ngw;w Nfhit ,yf;fpaq;fs; Ie;jpizf; Nfhit vd;Wk;>
mfg;nghUl;Nfhit vd;Wk; ngau; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wd. vy;yhj; JiwfSk; tuhky;
xNu Jiwapy; kl;LNk tUtdthfr; nra;As; mike;jpUg;gij xU Jiwf;Nfhit
vd;gu;. Nfhitr; rpw;wpyf;fpaj;jpy; fhyj;jhy; Kw;gl;lJ epd;w rPu; neLkhwd; vd;Dk;
ghz;bad; fhyj;jpy; vOe;j ghz;bf; Nfhit MFk;.

jiytd;> jiytp> ghq;fd;> Njhop> ghzd;> nrtpyp> Cutu;> maytu; Mfpa

fijkhe;ju;fSk; Itif epyj;jpYk; fij epfo;tjhfTk; tFj;J> epfo;r;rpfis
ehlfg; Nghf;fpy; toq;Fk; Nfhit E}y;fis ehlf E}y;fs; vdyhk;.

10. mk;khid

jkpo;nkhopapy; 96 tif rp;w;wpyf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpajhf mwpfpNwhk;. fw;wwpe;j

kf;fSf;fhf ,it Njhd;wpaijg; NghyNt> kpFe;j fy;tpawpT ,y;yhj ehl;Lg;Gw

v
kf;fSf;fhfTk; gytifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpd. mtw;Ws; kf;fs; nry;thf;Fg;
ngw;wpUe;jit mk;khid vdg;gLk; fijg;ghly;fshFk;.

Njtijfs;> muru;fs;> tPuu;fs; MfpNahupd; tuyhw;iw ntz; nre;Jiwapy; ghl

Ntz;Lk;. xNu vJifapy; mike;j ,uz;buz;L mbfisf; nfhz;l
fz;zpfshf ,e;E}y; mikAk;. fz;zp vd;w mikg;gpd;wpj; jdpj;jdp mbfshfTk;
mikf;fyhk;. fijiag; gy gFjpfshf – mjpfhuq;fshf – mikj;Jf;nfhz;L
ghlyhk;. flTs; tho;j;J> ghapuk;> ehl;Lr;rpwg;G> efur;rpwg;G> fijj; jiytd; gpwg;G
vd;w tupirapy; mjpfhuq;fs; mikAk;. ,jw;F mbtiuaiw ,y;iy. ghLNthDila
fUj;jpdsNt ,jw;F vy;iyahFk;.

gpw rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; :

kly;

Nerpj;jtis mila Kbahj #oypy; jiytd; gidklyhy; nra;j Fjpiu

kPjpUe;J> ifapy; fhjypj;jtspd; cUtj;ijj; jhq;fp> mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;
Mfpa %d;W cWjpg;nghUs;fisAk;> ,opthff; $WtJ Nghd;w mikg;GilaJ.
fypntz;ghthy; ghlg;ngWtJ. jiytd; kl;Lkpd;wpj; jiytpAk; klNyWtjhf
mike;j kly; ,yf;fpak; jpUkq;ifaho;thupd; ngupa jpUklYk; rpwpa jpUklYk;
MFk;. ,k;kuG tlnkhopiar; rhu;e;jJ vd;gu;.

khiy

rpw;wpyf;fpa tif vd;wJk; njhz;lubg; nghbaho;thupd; ‘jpUkhiy’ epidTf;F

tUk;. khiy vd;w nrhy;NyhL vz;zpf;if Nru GJtbtk; ngw;wJ.

,ul;il kzpkhiy

ntz;gh> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw ,uz;Lk; fye;J ,UgJ ghly;fis

cilajhf me;jhjpj; njhilapy; mikAk; fhiuf;fhyk;ikahupd; jpU,ul;il
kzpkhiy Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ehd;kzpkhiy

ntz;gh> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw> tpUj;jk;> Mrpupak; Mfpa ehd;Fk; fye;J 40

ghly;fis cilajhf me;jhjpj; njhilapy; mike;j rptg;gpufhrupd; ehy;tu;
ehd;kzp khiyiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

vi
etkzpkhiy

xd;gJ tifg; ghf;fis ,izj;Jg; ghlg;ngWtJ. etuj;jpd khiy vd;w

ngaUk; cz;L. xd;gJ tif kzpfs;Nghy; ,aq;Fk; ghtif vd;g. rptg;gpufhrupd;
gpr;rhld etkzpkhiy ,t;tifapy; fpilf;fpd;w Kjy;E}yhf tpsq;FfpwJ.

Mw;Wg;gil

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; Mw;Wg;gil E}y;fs; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g khwpr;

rpw;wpyf;fpa tifahf tsu;e;jd. Vfk;gthzd; Mw;Wg;gil ,t;tiff;Fr; rpwe;j
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

fk;gUf;Fk; ghujpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd tuyhw;Wf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; tsu;e;j ,yf;fpa

tiffs; rpw;wpyf;fpq;fs; ngUk;gq;F tfpf;fpd;wd. rpw;wpyf;fpa tif 96 vd;w gFg;G
ePq;fp ,d;W 200f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tifAila rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; tsu;e;J jkpOf;F tsk;
Nru;j;Js;sd.

vii
 ghlj;jpl;lk;

myF – 1 – jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh

rpw;wpyf;fpa tifikapy; cyh ngWk; ,lk; - rptGur;rpwg;G – cyh Gwg;ghL –

Njtu;fs; gy;yhz;L ,irf;Fk; jpwd; - VO gUt kq;ifaupd; nray;fs; - mbatu;
tho;j;J Kjypad.

myF – 2 – fypq;fj;Jg; guzp

Nfhtpypd; tiffSk; ,ay;Gk; - kjpy;fspd; fhl;rp – tPuu;fspd; xypAk;

topghLk; - Ngapd; jd;ik - #whtspapd; ,ay;G – twz;l ehf;F – fhw;wpd; jd;ik
– nte;j tdk; - fsr;rpwg;Gk; tpyq;Ffspd; nray;fSk; - Nkfq;fis fsq;fNshL
xg;gpLjy; - FUjpf;fly; kw;Wk; ahidfs; epiyAk; Kjypad.

myF – 3 – kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;

fhg;Gg; gUtk; - nrq;fPiug; gUtk; - jhyg; gUtk; - rg;ghzpg; gUtk; - Kj;jg;

gUtk; - tUifg; gUtk; - mk;Gypg; gUtk; - mk;khidg; gUtk; - ePuhly; gUtk; -
Cry; gUtk;

myF – 4 – jkpo;tpL J}J

J}J ,yf;fzk; - E}ypd; mikg;G – rq;fg;gyifapy; tPw;wpUe;j jkpopd; rpwg;G

- Njthu ehy;tupd; rpwg;G – Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fspd; rpwg;Gfs; - ehd;Ftif ghf;fs; -
Mz;gidkuj;ijg; ngz;gidkukhf;fpa tuyhW – md;dg;gwit> tz;L> khd;> Fapy;>
kdk; Mfpait J}jhf nry;tjw;Fupa fhuzq;fs; - jiytpapd; kdtUj;jk; -
nts;sk; fle;j nra;jp – rkzu;fisf; fOtpy; Vw;wpa tuyhW – J}J nry;tjw;Fupa
top – NtAW vd;w Njthu gjpfk; top ,lu;ePq;Fk; rpwg;G – kJiu khefupd; rpwg;Gfs;
- Nfhtpypd; cs;Ns tiuag;gl;bUf;Fk; mbatupd; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gfs; -
rptngUkhdpd; ngUikfs; - mtuplk; khiy thq;fp tu Ntz;ba jiytpapd;
Mtiy vLj;Jiuj;jy; Kjypad.

myF 5 – Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp

flTs; tzf;fk; - fl;baq;fhud; tUif – tre;jty;ypapd; moF – ge;jhLk;

jpwd; - Fw;whyehju; gtdp – tre;jty;ypapd; fhjy; - Fwj;jp tUif – Fwp
nrhy;Yk; jpwd; - ngw;w gupRg; nghUl;fs; - kiytsr; rpwg;G – rpq;fd; - E}td; el;G
– rpq;fpiaf; fz;liljy; - Fw;whyehjiu tho;j;Jjy; Kjypad.

viii
 nghUslf;fk;

myF jiyg;G gf;fk;

1 jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh 1-16

2 fypq;fj;Jg; guzp 17-39

3 kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo; 40-58

4 jkpo;tpL J}J 59-84

5 jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp 85-105

ix
 myF - 1
Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhu; mUspr; nra;j

jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh

Nehf;fk;

khztu;fs; kdjpy; ,iwczu;Tk; ey;xOf;fKk; irtrkaj;jpd; rpwg;GfSk;>

rptngUkhdpd; ngUikfSk;> mbatu;fSf;F mtu; mUs;ghypf;Fk; jpwDk;
Gupe;JzUk; tifapy; jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh ghlg;gFjpahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyhtpd; rpwg;G> VOtifahd kfspupd; xg;gidj;jpwd;> rptngUkhidf; fz;l

mbatupd; nray;> rptGuj;jpy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; cikak;ikapd; moF Kjypad
khztu;fs; ,jd;top fw;wwpa cs;sdu;.

1
 Kd;Diu

,iw vz;zk; Kjpu Kjpu kdpjDf;F ,aw;ifg; nghUs;fs; NkYk; ,iwtd;

NkYk; mr;rk; fye;j md;Gk;> tpag;Gk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. md;ngd;gNjh mwpitf; fle;J
MUapiu CLUtp xU fdyhff; fiuf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j ,iwad;Ng
Xu; ,yf;fpakhFk;NghJ mJ cyifNa xU nehbapy; <u;j;J tpLfpd;wJ.

ek; MUapu;j; jkpopy; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,iwapyf;fpaq;fs;

gyg;gy! ,iwAiw Nfhapy;fspd; tuyhw;Wj; njhd;kq;fSk;> ,iwAzu;T
khiyfSk;> fyk;gfk;> gps;isj;jkpo;> cyh> me;jhjp vdg; gy;jpwr;
rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSk; vz;zpylq;fh.

njhy;fhg;gpau; fhyj;Jf;F Kd;dNu flTisg; gw;wpg; ghba ,yf;fpar; RtLfs;

njupfpd;wd. mjdhy;jhd; mtu; Gj;jpyf;fpag; gilg;GfSf;F topfhl;bdhu;;; fhyj;jpNy
ftpQd; nrhy;y Ntz;ba Neupa fUj;Jf;fis xLf;fhkYk;> xspf;fhkYk; nrhy;y
Ntz;Lnkdf; $upa ghu;itapw; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

“tpUe;Nj jhDk;>
GJtJ fpse;j ahg;gpd; Nkw;Nw.” (njhy;.E}w;gh 1495)

vdg; Gjpa tuTfisg; Nghw;wpaNjhL> ,iwtd; Nky; fhjy; nfhz;L ,yf;fpak;

gilf;fyhnkd;Wk; nrhy;Yk; mtu;>

“fhkg; gFjp flTSk; tiuahu;

VNdhu; ghq;fpDk; vd;kdhu; Gytu;” (1029)

vd;Dk; E}w;ghthy; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;whu;.

NkYk;> flTs; gw;wpAk;> kf;fspy; kd;du;fs;> ts;sy;fs;> jiytu;fs; gw;wpAk;

mtu;fs; tPjp cyh tUk; fhl;rpiaf; fw;gpj;J> ‘cyh’ ,yf;fpak; gilf;fyhnkd;Wk;
$Wfpd;whu;.

cyh ,yf;fpag; gilg;igg; ghu;g;Nghk;. flTspd; jpUNkdpahd nghw;rpiyia

mzpnra;J rptpifapy; itj;J efu;tyk; tUtu;; kd;dUk; NjupNy cyh
tUtu;. ,tuJ mfg;gz;igAk;> Gw moifAk; Gfo;e;J kf;fs; tzq;Ftu;. ngz;fNsh
(Ngij> ngJk;ig> kq;if> kle;ij> mhpit> njhpit> Ngupsk;ngz; vd;Dk; VO
gUtq;fSf;Nfw;g) cyh tUk; jiytd; Nky; fhjy; nfhs;tu;. ,J
Xu; ,yf;fpaj;jpwd; MfpwJ.

2
 ,Uf;Fk; gy cyh E}y;fspy; Kd;ikAk;> Kjd;ikAKs;s cyh ,yf;fpak;
‘jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh’ MFk;;; ,JNt Kjnyd;gjhy; ,ij ‘Mjp cyh’ vd;W
Nghw;Wtu;. ,e;j mupa E}iyg; gilj;jtu; Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhu;
vdg;gLthu;. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.gp.825Mk; Mz;by; Kbtjhf tuyhw;W Mrpupau; NguwpQu;
fh.R.gps;is vOJfpd;whu;.

jpUtQ;irf; fsj;jpypUe;J Nru ehl;il Mz;ltu; Nrukhd; ngUkhs;. ,tu;

kpfr; rpwe;j rptdbahu;. mWgj;J %tupNy xUtu;. ehs;NjhWk; jpy;iyNjhWk;
jpy;iyak;gythziug; G+rid nra;J topgLk;Nghnjy;yhk; ,iwtdJ jpUtbr;
rpyk;nghypiaf; Nfl;Nl ,d;GWthu;. ,tUld; ek;gpah&uuhfpa Re;juu; el;Gf;
nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ,Wjpapy;> Re;juu; ,iwahizg;gb fapiy nrd;wNghJ> NrukhDk;
fapiy nry;y tpUk;gpj; jkJ Fjpiuapd; fhjpNy> ‘ekrptha’ vd;Dk; ke;jpuj;ij
XjNt> mjpNywp thd;topNa gwe;Jnrd;W fapyhaj;ij mile;jhu;. ,j;jF mUs;
tuyhW gilj;jtu; ,tu;.

,e;jj; jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyh> ‘Neupirf; fypntz;gh’thy;

gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; 394 mbfs; mlq;Fk;;; ,Wjpapy; xU Neupir ntz;ghTk;
mike;Js;sJ.

3
 ghlk; - 1

1. KOKjw; flTspd; El;gk;

ghl;L tif : Neupirf; fypntz;gh

jpUkhYk; ehd;KfDk; Nju;e;Jzuh(J) md;wq;(F)

mUkhy; cwmoyha; epd;w – ngUkhd;
gpwthNj Njhd;wpdhd; fhzhNjh fhz;ghd;
JwthNj ahf;if Jwe;jhd; - Kiwikahy;
MohNj Mo;e;jhd; mfyh(J) mfypahd;
Cohy; cauhNj Xq;fpdhd; - #nohspE}y;
Xjh(J) czu;e;jhd; EZfhJ Ed;dpahd;
ahJk; mZfh(J) mZfpahd; Mjp@
(mb 1-8)

rptngUkhd; cyf Kjy;tdhthd;. mtd; mf;fhyj;jpy; neUg;G tbtha; epd;w

epiyapy; mtidj; jpUkhYk; ehd;KfDk; Nju;;e;J Muha;;e;J ghu;j;Jk; czu;e;J
nfhs;s Kbahky; ngupa kaf;fNk mile;jdu;. vdNt> mf;flTis vj;jifatUNk
fhzy; ,ayhJ. mf;flTnsd;gtd; ve;jg; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; gpwf;fhjtd;@ mtid NtW
ahUk; gilf;f KbahJ@ mtd; fz;zhy; fhzhkNy midj;J capu;fisAk;
nghUs;fisAk; fhzty;ytd;@ mtDf;F clk;G ,y;yhkNy ,Ug;gJNghy; mijj;
Jwe;jtd;@ mtd; Kiwahf cyfg; nghUs;fspy; Mo;e;J NghfhkNy Mo;e;J
kiwe;jpUf;fpd;whd;@ mtd; njupAk;gb cyfpy; tpupe;J nry;yhkNy mj;Jizg;
nghUs;fspYk; fye;J tpupe;Js;shd;@ mtd; kf;fisg; Nghy; tpjpKiwahy;
Kd;NdwhkNy ,aw;ifahfNt Xq;fpAau;e;jpUg;gtd;@ rhd;Nwhu; tpUk;gpf; fw;Fk;
nka;awpT E}y;fis mtd; Xjpf; fw;fhky; ahtw;iwAk; njsptha; czu;;e;jtd;@
mjd; vg;nghUisAk; El;gkha; Muha;;e;J ghuhkNy> jd;id cyfk; Ez;ikandd;W
nrhy;Yk; mupa epiyapy; cs;std;@ mtd; vg;nghUisAk; mz;bailahkNy
vy;yhg; nghUisAk; ,aw;ifahfNt mZfpapUg;gtd;. MfNt> mtNd flTs;!
mUs;tbtk;!

Kj;njhopy; nra;gtd; rptNd

mupahfpf; fhg;ghd; madha;g; gilg;ghd;

mudha; mopg;gtDk; jhNd
(mb 9-12)

4
 KOKjyhd fapiyf; flTNs jpUkhyhfp te;J cyfj;ijf; fhf;fpd;whd;@
ehd;Kfdhfp te;J capu;fisnay;yhk; gilf;fpd;whd;@ cUj;jpudhfp te;J gpwtpfis
mopf;fpd;whd;@ NkYk;> ,g;ngupa flTs;> cau;thd tpz;zfj; Njtu;fs; mwpa
Kbahj neUg;G tbtKilatd;@ ,e;jj; Njtu;fs; midtiuAk;> mtu;fs;
kz;ZyfpNy gpwe;J> ey;tpid nra;j mstpw;F Vw;gNt> tpjpKiwahy; gilj;Jg;
gjtpaUspa flTSk; rptNd!

- XthNj
vt;TUtpy; ahnuhUtu; cs;Sthu; cs;sj;Js;
mt;TUtha;j; Njhd;wp mUs;nfhLg;ghd;@ - vt;TUTk;
jhNdaha; epd;wspg;ghd;@ jd;dpw; gpwpJUtk;
VNdhu;f;Fk; fhz;gupa vk;ngUkhd;@ - Mdhj
rPuhu; rptNyhfk; jd;Ds; rptGuj;jpy;
(13-20)

flTshdtd; vg;nghOJk; (XthNj)> ahu; md;Gld; cs;sj;Js;> ve;j cUtpy;

epidf;fpwhNuh me;j cUtpNyNa Njhd;wp te;J ,dpNj mUs; nfhLg;ghd;. KOKjw;
rptk;> cyfpy; gilf;fg;gl;l ve;j cUtKk; jhNdahfp te;J mUSk; nghUSk;
mspg;ghd;@ vk;ngUkhdhfpa flTs;> jd;dpypUe;J kw;Nwhu; cUtpy; te;J
md;gpy;yhjtUf;Ff; fhl;rpj; ju khl;lhd;. rptNyhfkhd tpz;zfj;jpNy mike;Js;s
rptefupy; vopy; nfhQ;Rk; jpUf;Nfhapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ@ mjDs;Ns rptf;flTs;
tPw;wpUf;fpwhu;. ,tiuf; fz;L tzq;Fk; Mu;tq;nfhz;l rpte;j fz;Zila Njtu;fs;
te;J Nfhapypd; Gwthapypy; $bapUe;J “vq;fSf;Ff; fhl;rpaUs Ntz;Lk;”
vd ,ue;J Vq;fp Ntz;bf; nfhz;ldu;.

- mq;nfhUehs;
G+ kq;if ngha;jPu; juzp Gfo;kq;if
ehkq;if vd;wptu;fs; ed;fike;j
tbTila Nfhyk; Gide;jhq;F – mbepiyNky;
ee;jpkh fhsu; filfope;j Ngho;jj;J@
(21-43)

rptefu;j; jpUf;Nfhapypy; xUehs; epfo;e;jJ : jpUkfSk;> ngha;apy;yhj

GfOf;Fupa epykfSk;> fiykfSkhfpa ,tu;fs; rpwe;j Mu;tj;jpy; jpUNthyf;fkhd
vopy;kpf;f kz;lgj;ij mikj;jhu;fs;@ ,q;Nf ,tu;fs;> ,iwtpahd kiyaurd; ngw;w
cikak;ikia nka;awpT xspaha;f; fUjpf;nfhz;L> mtSila Njd; tz;Lfs;
nkha;f;Fk; kyu;f;$e;jYf;F mzpnra;a Kw;gl;ldu;. fha;e;J Nghfhj tsk;kpf;f
ee;jtd kyiuAk;> fq;if ePupy; kyu;e;j nre;jhkiu kyu; Mapuj;ijf; nfhz;Lk;
rpwe;j khiy fl;Lk; (tae;jd;) njhLj;j khiyiar; #l;bdu;@ kzg;nghUs;fshy;

5
nra;j eWkzg; nghbNahL> ew;gzp nra;Ak; Fykfspu; ,ioj;j re;jdf; Fok;ig
mk;ikapd; khu;gfj;jpy; G+rpdu;@

fiyaoFkpf;f Ntiyg;ghL mike;j (tpz;zpYs;s fw;gf kuk; je;j) gl;Lg;

Glitia cLj;jpdu;@ jpUtbfspNy nghw;rpyk;Gfis monfhspu mzptpj;jdu;@
jiyKbapNy tpy;iyg; Nghy; tise;j #shkzpiaf; ftpj;jdu;@ xsptPRk; new;wpapy;
gl;lk; #l;baNjhL> new;wp eLTf;F Nky; ‘new;wpr; Rl;b’ vd;Dk; mzpiaAk;
njhq;ftp;l;ldu;@ fhJfspNy KO kzpapy; nra;j Fz;lyq;fis mzpe;jdu;@ ,it
jtpu> fOj;jpYk;> neQ;rfj;jpYk; tapuf; fw;fs; gjpj;j nghw;fz;bif vd;Dk; mzp>
nghw;ruL> ngupa mzpfydhd Muk;> moF jtOk; ‘rd;d tPuk;’ vd;Dk; mzp
Mfpatw;iw mzpe;jdu;@ NkYk;> fz;Nlhu; kfpOk;gb> vopy; nfhQ;Rk; vl;Lj;
Njhs;fspYk;> ‘NfA+uk;’ vd;Dk; NjhszpiaAk; ‘fbif #j;jpuk;’ vd;Dk; mzpiaAk;
fq;fzkhff; fl;bdu;. ,g;gb moFf;F moF nra;jdu;.

te;J tRf;fs; ,Uf;Fiug;g – me;jkpy;rPu;

vz;zUk; fPuj
; ;jp vOtu;
(44-47)

cyh Gwg;gLk; Kd;Nd tRf;fs; vl;Lg;NgUk; te;J ,Uf;F Kjyhd kiwfis

Xjpdu;@ mstw;w GfOila vz;Zjw;fupa VO tifahd Kdptu;fSk;
rptf;flTSf;F tho;j;Jf; $wpdhu;fs;@ xsprpwe;j nrQ;Rlu;f; fjputuhd gd;dpuz;L
Mjpj;jUk; te;J gy;yhz;L ghbdu;.

tRf;fs; vz;ku; - mdyd;> mdpyd;> Mgr;irtd;> Nrhkd;> jud;> JUtd;>

gpuj;jpA+rd;> gpughrd;.

Kdptu; vOtu; - mj;jpup> Mq;fPurd;> nfsjkd;> rkjf;fpdp> guj;Jthrd;>

trpl;lu;> tpRthkpj;jpud;.

Mjpj;ju; gd;dpUtu; - jhj;JU> rf;fud;> mupakd;> kpj;jpud;> tUzd;>

mQ;Rkhd;> ,uzpad;> gfthd;> jptr;Rthd;> G+ld;> rtpj;JU> Jtl;lh.

cyh Gwg;ghL

mUsd;id cikia mzpnra;J tPw;wpUf;fTk;> clDiwAk; ifiyr;

rptngUkhd; Gd;KWty; G+f;fTk;> vy;NyhUk; tho;j;jpdhu;fs;. gpd;du;> eWkzg; Gif
fkoTk;> ,d;dpirf; fUtpfs; ,irf;fTk; ifiyg; ngUkhd; fhis Nky; cyh
Gwg;gLfpd;whu;.

6
 kz;Zk; mfj;jpad;aho; thrpg;g – nghd;dpaYk;
mq;fp fko;fhgk; Ve;j akd;te;J
kq;fy thrfj;jhy; tho;j;Jiug;g
fUj;Jila ghuplq;fs; fhg;nghj;Jr; nra;aj;
jpUf;filfs; Vo;fope;j Nghjpy;
(48-70)

jkpohy; epiyj;j Gfo;ngw;w mfj;jpau; ahopir kPl;lTk;> nghd;Nghy; Rlu;tpLk;

jPahd Njtd; eWkzg; Gif tl;biy Ve;jTk;> akd; te;J kq;fy nkhopfshy;
tho;j;Jiu gfuTk;> nrq;fz;izAila njd;Nkw;Fj; jpirf; fhtyd; (epUjp)
KjyhNdhu; fz;zhbfis Ve;jp tuTk;> kioj; nja;tkhd tUzd; mofhd
ePu;f;fyaq;fisj; jhq;fp tuTk;> cyh tUk; njUnty;yhk; fhw;whfpa Njtd;
Jg;GuTj; J}a;ik nra;aTk;> ngupa kioj; Njtd; ePiuj; njspf;fTk;> ntz;zpw
moFila jpq;fshd epyh Fil vLj;J tuTk;> rpwe;j epyKila tlfpof;Fj;
jpirf; fhtydhd <rhdd; te;J ntw;wpiy ghf;Fg; igapidj; J}f;fp tuTk;>
mr;Rtpdpj; Njtu;fs; ke;jpuj;jhy; tha; epiwa tho;j;Jiu nrhy;yTk;> J}a;ikAs;s
cUj;jpuu;fs; Gfo;r;rpg; ghly;fisg; ghlTk;> FNgud; vd;Dk; Njt cyf ts;sy;
kpfr; rpwe;j nry;tkhd rq;fepjp – gJkepjp Kjypa nry;tq;fis topnay;yhk;
rpe;jpr; nry;yTk;> J}a;iknadg; Nghw;wg;gLk; fq;if – aKid MWfs; jkJ
jPu;j;jq;fisf; ftupapy; (ftupkhd; kapuhy; nra;j rhkuk;) eidj;J vq;fZk;
njspf;fTk;> epiyj;j vl;Lj; jpirnad;Dk; nghpa ehfg;ghk;Gfs; jq;fspd; glj;jhy;
Rlnuhsp fhl;lTk;> kpfTk; typik tha;e;j MSikAila jpirahidfs; vl;Lk;
foyzpe;j jpUtbfis tzq;fTk;> fhu;Kfpyhd thd Nkfq;fNs thd;ntspapy;
tpjhdg; ge;jy; NghlTk;> thdpNy ntl;Lk; kpd;dnyhspfNs cyhtpNy nfhbfsha;r;
#o tuTk;> fhu;KfpYf;fpilNa Njhd;Wk; ,bfNs (cUk;) Kur
Kof;fkhfTk;> ,d;gk; ,iriaj; Jk;G> ehuju;fs; ghlTk;> vq;Fk; njhlu;e;J ‘nfhk;G’
vd;Dk; CJk; ngupa Foy; fUtpahy; Cjp Koq;fTk;> Ez;zpa
rpWj;j ,ilaoFila Mly; kfspu; ehl;bak; MlTk; - ,g;gbahf ,d;g epfo;Tfs;
eilngwNt> vk;ngUkhdhd fapiyf; flTis tpz;zfj; Njtnuy;NyhUk;
gzpe;J ,iwQ;rpdu;@

mg;nghOJ> giftiuj; jLf;Fk; fhtyuhd G+jq;fs; fhf;Fk; fhtYs;s VO

mLf;fhd thapy;fisf; fle;J te;J fapiyg; ngUkhd; ntz;zpw
moFila ,sq;fhis Nky; Vwp cyh tug; Gwg;gl;lhu;.

- nrUf;Fila
Nrdh gjpkapy;Nky; Kd;nry;y> ahidNky;
Mdhg;Nghu; ,e;jpud; gpd;glu
vj;jpir NjhWk; vOe;jpak;g
(71-94)

7
 mRuu;fisg; Nghupl;lopf;f Ntz;bg; gilfSf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpa Nghu;r;
nrUf;Fila KUff; flTs; kapy;NkNywp Kd;Nd nry;yTk;> vg;NghJk; muf;fNuhL
Nghu; nra;Ak; ,e;jpud; ahid Nky; gpd;Nd tuTk;> ehd;Kfd; moFila md;dg;
gwitapy; Cu;e;J tyg;gf;fk; tuTk;> rpwpa mwpTila (if Nghjk;) fy; Nghd;w
typikAs;s Njhisg; ngw;w fUlg; gwit Nky; jpUkhy; Vwp ,lg;gf;fk; tuTk;>
kyuhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ie;J tifahd mk;Gfisf; fUk;G tpy;ypy; itj;J va;J>
Mltu;fisf; fhkj;jpy; Mo;j;jpAk;> tPo;j;jpAk;> FWk;G nra;Nthdhd fhkd;
(kd;kjd;) ,q;Nf> rq;F nghUe;Jk; Kd;ifAila ngUj;j Kiyg; ngz;fspd; Nky;
kyuk;Gfis va;a (nrYj;j) tpUk;gpj; jd; nfhbg;gilNahL Kd;Nd tUthd;.

rpdf;FwpAs;s fhup vd;Dk; Iadhu; mofpa FjpiuapNywp tUthu;@ mQ;rj;jf;f

(ehk;) fspw;W ahid KfKila tpehafg; ngUkhid cd;kdjjpw; nfhz;lgb>
tisayzpe;jifAk;> nfht;itf; fdp Nghd;w rpte;j thAk;> nfz;il kPd; Nghd;w
tbTk; Row;rpAk;> ePz;l $e;jYila nja;t kq;ifau; VO Ngu;fs; (mgpuhkp>
kNfr;Rtup> nfskhup> ehuhazp> tuhfp> ,e;jpuhzp> fhsp MfpNahu;) Gil #o
Mw;wy;kpf;f nfhw;wit (Ju;f;if) rpq;f Vw;wpd; Nky; Vwpr; nry;yTk;> mq;Nf
epiyahTs;s tpj;jpahjuu;> ,af;fu;> fpd;duu;> fpk;GUlu;> rhuzu;> muf;fu;> mRuu;
Kjyhd vr;rhuhUk; ,irf;fUtpfisf; nfhz;L ,irj;Jr; nrd;wdu;.

,ir Kof;fj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;Jk;gb kq;fy tho;j;Jg; ghLNthu; ghbNa

tzq;fp ,iwQ;rpdu;. ,g;NghJ> kw;Nghu; nra;NthUk; Vtw;gzp nra;NthUk; te;J
$j;jhLtJ Nghy; Njhs; jl;bAk;> Gul;bg; Nghl;Lk; Ml;lkhb vy;NyhUila
cs;sq;fisAk; fspg;gpyho;j;jpf;> fpYfpYf;fr; nra;jdu;. ,d;Dk; Nahfhrdk; MWk;>
Nahf tif gj;Jk;> mupa jtg;gb epiyfs; vl;Lk;> vd;Wk; khwhj ‘rpd;Kj;jpiu’
Kjypa Kj;jpiu gyTk;> ke;jpu Mw;wYk;> ,wg;G – epfo;T – vjpu;T vd %d;W
fhyj;ijg; gw;wpa mwpTEl;gKk;> fzj;ijAk; Fzq;fisAk; gw;wpa mwpTKila
cz;ikapay; fw;w Md;NwhUk;> Mw;wYila mWgjhapuk; Kdptu;fnsd;Wk; mtu;fs;
thdpNy fjputdpd; Njupidr; Rw;wpj; jpupgtnud;Wk; nrhy;yg;gLk; ‘thy;fpy;yptu;’
vd;gtUk; te;J ,q;Nf #o;e;J $bdu;.

- Nkiy
,ikNahu; ngUkhNd Nghw;wp vopy;Nru;
cikahs; kzthsh Nghw;wp – vikahSk;
jPahb Nghw;wp rptNd mbNghw;wp
(101-116)

,ikahj tpopiaAila Njtu;fs; gz;Lnjhl;L tzq;fptUk; ngUq;flTNs

tzf;fk;@ mUs;nghopAk; jhahd cikatspd; kzthsNd tzf;fk;@
vq;fisnay;yhk; mUshl;rp GupAk;> jPiaf; ifapNy Ve;jp mopj;jy; njhopypid

8
czu;j;jpf; $j;jpid MLfpd;w ,iwtNd tzf;fk;@ rptr;nrk;nghUspd;
jpUtbnthspNa! tzf;fk;@ jiytdhAk; vk; je;ijahAk; ,iwtdhAk; jpfo;gtNd
tzf;fk;@ J}a xsp tbthd rq;fuNd tzf;fk;@ nghd;fjpu;r; nrQ;ril KbAila
flTNs! tzf;fk;@ nghq;fpr; rPWk; ghk;gpid mzpaha;g; G+z;l> nghd;ndhsp RlUk;
foyzpe;j jpUtbNa Nghw;wp@ mq;Nf mUr;Rddhd md;gdpd; Mw;wiyg; Nghw;wpg;
NghupNy ntw;wp miljw;fhf mtDf;Fg; ‘ghRgjk;’ vd;Dk; mk;igf; nfhLj;J
ew;Ngwspj;j jpUtbNa tzf;fk;@ nts;sp epwg; nghd;kiyapNy J}a;ik tbtpy;
jpfOk; rptNd tzf;fk;@ RLfhl;bNy mopj;jYz;ikia czu;j;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
vYk;G khiyazpe;j flTNs> tzf;fk;@ Njtu;fSf;nfy;yhk; mUs; je;J mtUila
jiyfspNy #l;Lk; jpUtbNa! Nghw;wp@ vf;fhyKk; epiyaha;> Kd;idg;
gok;nghUl;Fk; Kd;idg; gok;nghUsha; ,Ue;J mUs;GupgtNd mz;zNy! Nghw;wp
Nghw;wp vdr; nrhy;ypg; G+kio nghope;jdu;. mg;nghOJ vy;NyhUk; ,d;gf; fspg;ghy;
Ie;J Gyd;fSk; epiyfyq;fpf; fz;zPu; ky;fpdu;. ehd;F jpirfSk; cyfnky;yhk;
eyk; ngUfpg; nghq;fpaJ! ,e;j ,d;gf; fhl;rpapy;> tpilf;nfhbAk;> ghtl;lhntd;Dk;
gjhifAk;> ntw;wpf; FilAk; vopYila njhq;fy; khiyAk; Gil#oj; njhz;lu;
vLj;J te;jdu;@ mg;nghOJ> eWkzk; gug;Gk; G+f;fs; #ba moFkpf;f $e;jYila
kfspupd; cs;sk; Gjpa ,d;gj;ij Efu Ntz;b> monfhsp kpspur; rptngUkhd; cyh
te;jhu;!

- NrNkNy
thkhd; <rd; kWtpy;rPu; thdtu;jk;
Nfhkhd; gilKof;fq; Nfl;lYNk – J}khz;gpy;
thdePu; jhq;fp kiwNahk;gp
fz;nzd;Dk; khrhyk; Nfhypf; fUq;Foyhu;
jpz;z epiwj;jho; jpwe;jpl;lhu;!
(117-150)

cyhtpNy> khrw;w Njtu;fspd; jiytdhd ,e;jpudpd; gilKof;fj;ijf;

Nfl;l mstpNy> fhis Cu;jpapy; monfhsp tPRk; jiytdhd rptf;flTs;
tUfpd;whnud;W gUtg; ngz;fnsy;yhk; czu;e;jhu;fs;@ J}a khl;rpAila thdf;
fq;if ePiuj; jiyapy; jhq;fpAk;> kiwNahjpAk;> thdj;Jg; gpiw epyhitr;
rilapNy #bAk;> jPik nra;ahj %tpiy Ntyhd #yj;ijf; ifapw; gpbj;Jk;> J}a
ntz;zPW mzpe;Jk;> ahidj; Njhiyg; Nghu;j;jpAk; milahsk; fhl;b tUfpd;wtu;
rpt ts;sNy vdf; fUjpdhu;fs;.

flTs;Nkw; nfhz;l fhjyhy; gUtg; ngz;fs;> jhq;fs; ntw;wp ngwf; fUjp

khl khspifiaNa xU Nghu;f;fskhff; nfhz;L> mjpy; kyu;epiwe;j gLf;ifapy;
mku;e;jdu;@ ed;F #owpT nra;jdu;@ xspRlUk; fhw;rpyk;igNa XirapLk; giwahf
Kof;fpdu;@ jq;fSila tise;j GUtj;ij tpy;yhf;fp> mjpNy Nraup glu;e;j

9
fz;iz mk;ghfj; njhLj;jhu;fs;@ jkJ ePz;l fUq;$e;jiyg; NghUf;Fr; nry;Yk;
$iog;gilaha;f; fUjpf; nfhz;ldu;@ iftisay;fisNa xypj;J rq;fhf
Cjpf;nfhz;ldu;@ rpwe;j tz;Kila Glit fl;ba ,Lg;ig (my;Fiy)f; ifahy;
gpbj;J ce;jptpl;L> mijNa xU Nju;g;gilapy; nry;tJ Nghy epidj;jdu;@
nfhq;ifapy; griy epwk; nghq;Fk;gbAk;> fhjy; jiytu; (rptngUkhd;)
tpUk;Gk;gbAk; mzpfyd;fisnay;yhk; mzpe;J cWg;Gf;fs; kpd;DkhW nra;J>
mzpfs; xd;NwhL xd;W ,bj;J cuRk;gbj; jfjfj;jdu;.

1. Ngijg; gUtk;

khspifapd; khlj;jpy; epd;W jiytdhk; flTs; cyh tuf; fz;l VO gUt

kfspupy; xUj;jpahf> VO mfit (taJ) As;s Ngijr; rpWkpAk; epd;W fz;lhs;.
md;ngd;Dk; mUk;G kyu;e;J fhjyhfp> mJNt tho;tha; kzf;fpd;wJ@ ,e;j cyfNk
njupahj ,e;jr; rpWkpAk; flTs;Nky; fhjy; nfhs;tJ xU tpag;Gj;jhNd! ,ij
Mo;e;J vz;Zk;NghJjhd; nja;tf; fhjYf;F mfit tiuaiw ,y;iynad;gJ
GupAk;. kdpj tho;tpy; fhjYf;F ,e;j tiuaiw cz;nld;gJ cyfk; mwpe;jNj!

,q;Nf ,e;jg; Ngijg; ngz;zpd; ,ay;GfisAk;> mwpitAk; md;gpd;

nefpo;itAk; ,e;E}iyg; gilj;j Nrukhd; vj;Jizj; jpwkhfg; ghbAs;shu; vd;gijg;
ghu;g;Nghk;.

- xz;zpwe;j
Ngijg; gUtk; gpioahjhs; ntz;kzyhy;
J}ijr; rpWNrhW mLnjhopyhs;
(151-170)

Ngijg; gUtKilats;> Fw;wkpy;yhj ey;yts;@ rpW fyaj;jpy; nts;is

kzy; nga;J NrhW Mf;fpr; rpWkpfNshL Nru;e;Nj tpisahLths;@ rpwpa
xy;fpa ,ilAilats;@ neQ;rOj;jkhd nrUf;F ,y;yhjts;@ mofpa cau;e;j
Milfis cLj;jpdhYk; mjdhy; kdj;jpy; ngUik nfhs;s khl;lhs;@ G+r;#ba
$e;jiy ed;F ,Wf;fkha;g; gpd;dpj; njhq;ftpl;bUf;fkhl;lhs;@ nrk;nghd; mzpfs;
G+z;l mofpahd ,ts;> xNu Fwpf;NfhSila kdj;jpds;> xd;iwNa epidj;J
xd;iwNa Ngrp xd;iwNa jtwhky; nra;ths;!

2. ngJk;ig

,e;jg; ngJk;igapd; Kf moFk;> mf moFk; cWg;G moFfSk; ,g;gf;jpapy;

cUtfk; nra;J Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wd. ,ts;> fhjYzu;T tuNt fhkidg; glk; tiue;J
goFfpwhs;@ ,e;j Neuj;jpy; jiytdhd rptf;flTs; fhisapy; tUfpwhu;. ,tiuf;
fz;l ngJk;igg; ngz; ehzk; milfpwhs;. ,g;gb mikjp ngWfpd;wJ ,g;gUtk;.

10
 - nghw;Gila
NgnuhspNru; fhl;rpg; ngJk;igg; gpuhaj;jhs;
fhnuhspNru; kQ;iQf; ftpdpayhs;
(171-198)

ngJk;igg; gUtnkd;gJ vopy;kpf;f Ngnuhspf; fhl;rp jUtjhFk;@ mtsJ

moFjhd; vd;Nd! mts; fUePyk; nfhz;L xsp tPRk; kapiyg; Nghd;w
vopy;kpf;f ,ay;Gilats;@ rpwg;ghfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; jhkiu kyu; xd;wpNy ,uz;L
fhjzpahd Fiofs; njhq;fTk;> ,uz;L fz;fshd mofpa nfz;il kPd;fs; xsp
rpe;jTk;> xU thapjohd nfht;itf; fdp gsgsg;gha;j; jpfoTk;> ntz;ikahd
gw;fs; xsp Kj;Jf;fshf gspr;rplTk;> ehz; G+l;ba tpy;yha; tise;j new;wpapd;
eLtpNy> jiy eLtpypUe;J> Rl;bnad;Dk; nrk;gtsk; gjpj;j mzp njhq;fp xsp
kpspuTkhfj; jpq;fs; tl;lj;ijg; Nghd;w jpUKfk; cilatsha;j; jpfo;fpd;whs;.

3. kq;ifg; gUtk;

mfit gjpd;%d;Wila gUtNk kq;if tsu;r;rpahk;@ nkhl;L kyu;e;j nghypT

njupAk;@ ,tSf;Ff; fhjYyf mwpTk; Gyg;gLk;.

- nkha;nfhz;l
kq;if ,lq;flth khz;gpdhs; thdpope;j
fq;ifr; Ropaida ce;jpahs;
(199-222)

NguoFila kq;ifg; gUtg; ngz;> jdJ tPl;iltpl;Lf; fle;J ntspNa

nry;yhj mlf;fKila gz;gpds;@ thdpypUe;J te;j fq;if ePu; RoYk; Rop Nghd;w
ce;jpAilats;@ mtsJ cs;sq;ifNah nre;jhkiu kyu;@ mofpa fhybAk;
nre;jhkiu kyNu@ tpopg;ghu;itNah khd;tpop Nghd;w ghu;itahFk;@ KiyAk; jhkiu
nkhl;Nl@ KfNkh nre;jhkiu G+j;j kyNu! jpUe;jpa moFkpf;f
kq;ifahdts;> ,g;NghJ> moFila nghd;dhw; nra;j $z;bYs;s ehfztha;g;
gwitiaf; ifahnyLj;J itj;J> mjNdhL Mirnfhz;L ,dpa nrhw;fshy; Ngrpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhs;. cs;sNkh fhjw; flTis epide;J epide;J cUfpaJ@ xopahj
Ntl;ifnad;Dk; ngUnts;sj;jpy; kq;if tpOe;J mOe;jp> ePz;l md;G ntg;gj;jpy;
ngU%r;R tpl;lgb ,Ue;jhs;!

4. kle;ijg; gUtk;

gj;njhd;gJ mfitAila kle;ijg; gUtk; mwpTngw;w rpwe;j

gUtkhFk;. ,k;kle;ijg; gUtj;ijg; Nghw;Wk; Mrpupau; Nrukhd; ngUkhs;> ‘jPe;jkpopd;
nja;t tbths;’ vd;fpwhu;.

11
 ,tSila cWg;goifnay;yhk; tz;zid nra;J ghuhl;b> mzpfSk; #l;b>
ek;ik tzq;f itf;fpd;whu;. ,ts; NjhopaNuhL mku;e;J aho;
kPl;b ,irf;Fk;NghJjhd; jiytuhd rptd; mwpT cyh tUfpd;whu;. ,tiuf; fhzj;
Jbj;Jf; fz;l epiyapy;> fhjy; kzj;jpd; milahskhd ‘nfhd;iwkhiy’iag;
ngw;Wj; jhd; mzpAk; nghUl;L kle;ijahdts;> jhNd xU nghd;tz;zq; nfhz;l
nfhd;iw khiyNghy; Jtz;L eype;J Nghdhs; vdr; nrhy;tij> ehk; nja;tf;
fhjyha;g; ghu;f;fpNwhk;.

- xs;spa
jPe;jkpopd; nja;t tbths; jpUe;jparPu;
tha;e;j kle;ijg; gpuhaj;jhs;
(223-264)

mwpT cyhf; fhZk; kle;ijg; ngz;> jPe;jkpopd; Rit fhZk; nja;t

tbtkhdts;. Njhs; KOJk; eWkzk; fkOk; re;jdf; Fok;igg; G+rpapUe;jhs;@ Mly;
(rJu;) fiyQu; mzpAk; (ehy;tifahd) tz;zf; fyitahd rhe;ijAk;
Kfnky;yhk; G+rp vopYilatshdhs;. kle;ijapd; ftdk; jpUk;gpaJ@ mwpT (Qhdk;)
cyhj; jiytuhd rptf;flTs; gifaopj;J mUs; toq;Fk; Mw;wy;kpf;f
Nty;gilapy; ty;ytu;.

5. mupitg; gUtk;

- gpd;ndhUj;jp
nrq;Nfoy; jhkiuNghy; rPwbahs; jPjpyh
mq;Nfo; mupitg; gpuhaj;jhs;
(265-296)

mfit ,Ugj;ije;J cilats;@ fhjy; nfhs;Sk; jFjpAilats;@ moNf

tbthdts;@ ,t;tofhy; mupit vdg;gl;lhs;@ moFf;F moF nra;jy; Nghy ,ts;
jd; cWg;GfSf;F mzpfyd; #l;bdhs;. NkYk; kpfr; rpwe;j nghd;dhy; nra;j
‘nghd;dupkhiy’iaj; jiyf;Fr; #l;bdhs;@ gy tlkhd nghw;rq;fpypfisf; fOj;J
mzpe;J kfpor; nra;jhs;. ,g;gb moFf;F moF nra;jhs; mhpit!

6. njupitg; gUtk;

Muh mKjk; mtatk; ngw;wida

rPuhu; njupitg; gpuhaj;jhs;
fz;lhy; mwptd; vdr;nrhy;ypf; ifNrhu;e;J
tz;lhu;G+q; Nfhij tsk; Njhw;whs;@
(297-342)

12
 mwpTk;> moFk;> MSikAk; njupaf; fhl;Lk; NguofpNa njupit
Mts;@ ,ts; ,Ugj;jhW Kjy; Kg;gj;njhU mfitAilats;@ ,dpa Ngr;Rk;
mKjkhd moFk; cilats;.

NjhopaNuhL nrhf;fl;lhd; tpisahl;L!

mzpnra;j epiyapypUe;j njhpitahdts; ,g;nghOJ> nts;spj; jfl;lhy;

Nghu;j;jg;gl;l mofhd gyifAk;> tpisahl;Lg; gyifapy;> kzpf;fw;fisAk;>
fhiaAk; #jhLk; fUtpahff; nfhz;L vopy;kpf;f NjhopaUld; (ngha;r;#J)
nrhf;fl;lhd; tpisahbdhs;.

cyhj; jiytu; Njhd;wp tUjy;

,e;j Neuj;jpy;> tpy; jz;il Kwpf;Fk; typikAs;s jle;Njhshdhd

rptf;flTs; cyhtpy; jhd; tUtij czu;j;jNt> ,q;Fj; jhkiu VL (,jo;) Nghd;w
jpUtbAilatDk; nrQ;ril KbAilatDkhfpa mtd; te;J Njhd;wpdhd;.

jiytu; nfhd;iwkhiy jhuhky; NghtNuh? vd;w Iaj;jpy; tUe;jpf; $wpaJ :-

jiytiuf; fz;l nja;tf; fhjypahd njupit> jk; Njhopaiu(Nfs;)g;

ghu;j;Jr; nrhd;dhs; : “ehzkpy;yhjtu; ele;J nry;yl;Lk;@ ehzKila eyj;jhu;f;Nfh
elf;f ,ilapy; typikapy;iy@ #o;e;jpUf;Fk; typik (Vz;) As;stu;fs; xopal;Lk;@
vd; vopYk; xopal;Lk;@ vd;idg; Nghw;wpg; NgZk; gzpf;Fyj;jtu;fs; ,q;fpUe;J
ePq;fl;Lk;@ Fw;wKs;stu;fs; thUq;fs;@ ey;y vz;zKilatNu! vd; epiyia
epide;J ghUq;fs;!”

fhjy; jiytpapd; #Siu :

,q;qdk; tUe;jpf; $wpa njupitahk; jiytp> jiytiu Nehf;fpNa NkYk;

#Siu nra;jhs;@ “ahUk; NgRtjw;fupa Njtu;fspd; jiytd; rptdhdhy;> Njd;rpe;Jk;
G+q;nfhd;iwg; G+thy; Gide;j G+ khiyia vdf;F mUshky; Nghthdhdhy;
Nghfl;Lk;@ mtidg; gpd;du; fz;lhy; mwpe;J nfhs;Ntd;!” vd;nwy;yhk; jiytid
ntWj;jJ Nghy; Ngrpats; ifaw;Wr; Nrhu;e;J Nghdhs;@ G+q;Nfhij (khiy) Nghd;w
njupit ,g;NghJ thb nkype;J tskw;wts; Nghyhdhs;! ,JTk; nja;tf; fhjNy!

7. Ngupsk;ngz;

NguoFk; Ngupd;gKk; tha;e;j Ngupsk;ngz; ehw;gJ mfitAilats;@

moFf;nfy;yhk; mofha; md;Gf;nfy;yhk; md;gha;j; jiyik nfhz;l
ngz;zurpahths;@ mwpTilatUf;F Ik;Gyd;fshy; moF tpUe;jhths;.

13
 - xz;lha
ngz;zurha;j; Njhd;wpa Ngupsk; ngz;ikahs;
gz;zUk; ,d;nrhy; gzpnkhopahs;
ngz;zhu thuk; ngupjd;Nw! – tpz;Nzhq;fp
kQ;rilAk; ePs;FLkp ths;epyh tPw;wpUe;j
nrQ;rilahd; Nghe;j njU
(343-394)

“Njhopau;> jhk; fz;l fhl;rp mtu; fz;fSf;F vr;rpyhFk;. me;j vr;rpiy

(flTspd; fhl;rp mKij cz;L vQ;rpaij) vkf;F Cl;LtJ Nghy; tUifapid
Cl;bdu;@ mJTk; vdf;F ew;NgNw!” vd epide;j Ngupsk; ngz;zhd jiytp>
fapiyf; flTsplk; Ntl;ifia ntspapl;lhs;.

“mz;zNy! Mz;ltNd! ePNa vdf;F mUs;Gupa te;jha;@ vd;Nky; fhjy;

nfhz;L Vq;f itj;J> vd;id nkypa itj;J vdJ iftisaiyf; ftu;e;J
nfhz;lha;! NkYk; NkYk; vdf;F eP fhjy; kaf;ifAk; mwpT kaf;ifAk; je;jNjhL>
fLk; JaiuAk; je;jha;@ ,JNth cdJ jifik@ ,d;dUs;!” vd;W mwpnthsp RlUk;
fl;Liu nkhope;jhs;.

,e;j epiyapy; kdk; nehe;JNghd jiytp> ifaw;w typikapoe;jtshdhs;@

mfk; cUfpf; fz;zPu; ky;fp> clk;ngy;yhk; mr;rj;jhy; ntSj;Jg;
Nghdhs;. ,g;gbahfj; Njd; (kl;L) rpe;Jk; G+thd khiyNghy; ,ts; thb kaq;fpdhs;!

fUKfpy; (kQ;R) Xq;fp tpz;iz Kl;Lfpw caukhd ifiy kiyapd;Nky;>

xsp tPrp epyh tPw;wpUg;gJNghy mk;kiyapy; tPw;wpUe;J mUs;nra;Ak; flTshd
rptngUkhd; cyh te;j njUthdJ> gz;zpir Nghd;W ,dpa nrhw;fisg;
NgRfpd;wtUk; gUj;j Njhs;fisAilatUk; rpte;j gtsk; Nghd;w
thapjOilatUkhfpa ,sk;ngz;fspd; Ngr;R Muthuk; ngupjha;f; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

ngz;ePui
; k fhkpd;! ngUe;Njhs; ,izfhkpd;!
cz;ePu;ik NkfiyAk; cs;gLkpd;! – njz;zPuf;
fhNuW nfhd;iwae;jhu;f; fhthyp fl;lq;fs;
CNuW Nghe;j cyh.

kf;fNs! njspe;j ePupd; FspUk; moFk; (fhu;) tha;e;j nghd;dpwf; nfhd;iw

kyu; khiyia mzpe;j gpj;jDk; (fhthyp) ifapy; jz;LilatDkhfpa ifiyr;
rptd; CupNy fhisNaw;wpNy Vwp cyh te;jNghJ> $bf; fz;l VO tifahd
gUtg; ngz;fspd; ngz;ikahd ,ay;igAk;> mtu;fs; Mltu; Njhis ,izaf;
fhjy; nfhs;Sk; caupa newpiaAk;> fhj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;@ cs;Ns kiwtha;f;
fhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba ,ilapy; fhl;Lk; MiliaAk; mjd; Nky; G+l;Lk;

14
kzpNkfiy mzpiaAk; kdj;jpy; nfhz;L ngz;ikapd; fw;igf; fhj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;!

,j; jpUf;ifyha Qhd cyh> flTs; gf;fk; fhjy; nfhz;l mfg;nghUl;

nra;jpia czu;j;JtjhfNt fz;Nlhk;.

kfspupd; VO gUt tsu;r;rpapd; vopiyf;> fw;gidNahL cyf tof;fk; rhu;e;J

tz;zid nra;J ,yf;fpakha;g; gilf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> ,e;E}ypd; mbg;gilg;
nghUis Muha;e;J ghu;j;jhy;> ,jd; cl;nghUs; mUl;rj;jpd; cwthd VO fd;dpaNu
vd czu KbAk;.

,jd; cz;ikia Mrpupau; Nrukhd; ngUkhs; E}ypNy Fwpg;ghff; fhl;Ltijf;

fhzyhk; :

VO fd;dpauhd rj;jpfs; Gil#o cyhtpy; te;jhu;fs; vd;gij>

‘#o; tisf;ifj; njhz;iltha;f; nfz;il

xz;fz; jho;$e;jy; kq;if vOtUk; #o’

vd;Dk; mbfshy; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

‘jPe;jkpopd; nja;t tbtj;jhs;’ (mb 223)

‘ - nky;ypayhs;
jd;DUtk; G+q;nfhd;iwj; jhu;nfhs;sj;
jhd; nfhd;iwg; nghd;DUtk; nfhz;L
Gyk;Gw;whs;’

vd;Dk; cyh mbfSk; gpw nra;jpfSk; nja;tg; ngz; fhjNy vd;gij ed;F
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

15
 njhFg;Giu

kdpjg; ngz;bnuy;NyhUk; vOtifj; nja;tg; ngz;bauha;g; Nghw;wg;gl;L tho

Ntz;Lnkd;gNj jpUf;fapyha Qhd cyhtpd; cs;Siwg; nghUshFk;. khztu;fs;
gbj;J gf;jp ,yf;fpa tifikapy; cyhtpd; rpwg;ig mwptPuhf!

gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;

1. cyhtpd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp vOJf.

2. rptNyhff; Nfhapypy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; rptngUkhdpd; rpwg;Gfis tpsf;Ff.

3. rptGuj;jpy; cikak;ikia myq;fupf;Fk; jpwid tptup.

4. cyh Gwg;gLk; mbatu; nray;fisAk; Fwpj;J tptup.

5. ,iwtdpd; tPjp cyh fz;l VO gUt kq;ifau;fspd; epiyfis tpsf;Ff.

6. gy;yhz;L ,irf;Fk; Njtu;fspd; rpwg;ig tptup.

7. cyhtpidr; rpwg;gpf;Fk; ,ir epfo;Tfs; Fwpj;J tptup.

8. KUfd; kw;Wk; ,e;jpud; Cu;jpfspy; tUk; moif tptup.

16
 myF - 2
ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp nraq;nfhz;lhupd;
fypq;fj;Jg; guzp

Nehf;fk;

guzp ,yf;fpar; rpwg;igAk;> nraq;nfhz;lhupd; fw;gid tsj;ijAk;>

fUzhfuj; njhz;ilkhdpd; Nghu;r;rpwg;igAk;> fhspNjtpf;F tPuu;fs; jUk;
fhzpf;ifAk;> grpNahL fhj;jpUe;j Nga;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j khngUk; czT Fwpj;Jk;>
khztu;fs; mwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt fypq;fj;Jg; guzp ghlg;gFjpahf
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fhL ghbaJ> Nfhapy; ghbaJ> fsk; ghbaJ Mfpa %d;W
gpupTfspy; cs;s nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J> khztu;fspd; fw;gidj;jpwid tpupj;Jzu
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,g;ghlg;gFjpapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

17
 Kd;Diu

guzp vd;gJ Nghupy; Mapuk; ahidfis ntd;w tPuidg; ghLk; rpw;wpyf;fpa

tif MFk;. NghupypUe;J kPz;l jiykfd; ghy; GytpAw;w jiykfsJ Cliyj;
jPu;f;f Gytu;fs; thapyhtJk;> Gytpahw;wpa gpd;du;> jiytd; nrd;w fhl;bd;
nfhLikiaAk; jiytdpd; tPuj;ijAk;> mf;fhl;bYs;s Nga;fs; fhspf;Fr;
nrhy;YtijAk;> fhsp Nga;fSf;F ciug;gijAk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; tbTld; guzp
E}yhdJ mikAk;. guzp ehspy; Nga;fs; $b epzr;NrhW (,uj;jKk; ,iwr;rpAk;
fye;j czT) ml;L (rikj;J) cz;L kfpo;e;J Mbg;ghbf; fspj;J Nghupy; ntd;w
kd;diug; GfOk; Gfo;r;rpiaf; $WtJ. fhspf;Ff; $spfs; $Wtjhf miktJ.

fypq;fj;Jg;guzp vd;w E}y; guzp tifiar; rhu;e;j rpw;wpyf;fpak;

MFk;. ,e;E}y; ,uz;lhk; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhodpd; fypq;fg; Nghu; ntw;wp Fwpj;Jg;
ghlg;gl;l E}y; MFk;. FNyhj;Jq;fidg; ghl;Lilj;jiytdhff; nfhz;lJ.
mde;jtu;kd; vd;Dk; tl fypq;f kd;dd; jpiw nfhlhkypUe;j gpioapd; fhuzkhf
Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhodpd; gilj;jiytDk; mikr;rDkhapUe;j fUzhfuj;
njhz;ilkhd; fp.gp. 1112 Mk; Mz;by; Nghupy; ntd;w nra;jpNa E}w;nghUs;. ,J
nraq;nfhz;lhu; vd;Dk; Gytuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.

fypq;fj;Jg; guzpapd; Mrpupau; nraq;nfhz;lhu; Mthu; 'guzpf;F Xu;

nraq;nfhz;lhd;” vd;W gygl;lilr; nrhf;fehjg; Gytu; ,tiug; ghuhl;b
cs;shu;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngaiu mwpa Kbatpy;iy. Gytu; gyUk; nrhw;Nghu;
epfo;j;JtJ tof;fk;. ,j;jF nrhw;Nghupy; ntd;wjhy; ,tUf;Fr; nraq;nfhz;lhu;
vd;w ngau; Vw;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gu;. ,tUila Cu; jPgq;Fb.

FNyhj;Jq;fDk; nraq;nfhz;lhUk;

FNyhj;Jq;fd; fypq;fj;Jg; Nghupy; ntw;wp ngw;whd;. ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;G

nraq;nfhz;lhNuhL ciuahbf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mg;NghJ Gytiu Nehf;fp> 'GytNu!
fypq;fj;ijr; nraq;nfhz;likahy; ehDk; nraq;nfhz;lhd; MapNdd;” vd;W
$wpdhd;. ,jidf; Nfl;l nraq;nfhz;lhu; csk; kfpo;e;jhu;. 'mg;gb Mdhy;
nraq;nfhz;lhidr; nraq;nfhz;lhd; ghLtJ kpfg; nghUj;jk;” vd;W $wpf;
fypq;fj;Jg; guzpiag; ghbdhu; vd;gu;.

fypq;fj;Jg; guzpAk; nghd; Njq;fhAk;

nraq;nfhz;lhu; guzp ghb Kbj;jhu;. gpd;G FNyhj;Jq;fd; mitapy;

muq;Nfw;wk; nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhu;. me;jf; fhyj;jpy; xUtu; E}y; nra;jhy; gyu;
Kd;dpiyapy; muq;Nfw;wk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;;@ gyupd; xg;Gjiyg; ngw
Ntz;Lk;. ,k;kugpidj; njhy;fhg;gpa muq;Nfw;wj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj fhz;fpNwhk;.

18
muq;Nfw;wk; nra;Ak; fhyj;jpy; muru;fs; Gytu;fSf;Fg; gupR mspj;Jg; ghuhl;Ltu;.
nraq;nfhz;lhu; ghliyf; FNyhj;Jq;fd; Ritj;jhd;; xt;nthU ghlYf;Fk; xU
nghd;dhy; Mfpa Njq;fhia cUl;bf; ftpQiuAk; E}iyAk; rpwg;Gr; nra;jhd;.

ghl;Lilj; jiytd;

fypq;fj;Jg; guzpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; Kjy; FNyhj;Jq;f

Nrhod;. ,td; ,uhNre;jpu Nrhod; kfs; Nrho ,sturp mk;kq;iff;Fk; rhSf;fpau;
Fy ,uhruhr eNue;jpuDf;Fk; gpwe;jtd;. ,td; khkd; tPuuhNre;jpu Nrhod; ,we;j
gpd;G mtd; kfd; mjpuhNre;jpud; gl;lk; Vw;whd;. ,tDk; rpy jpq;fspy; ,we;jhd;.
Nrho ehL thupR ,y;yhky; Fog;gj;jpy; Mo;e;jJ. Fog;gj;ij ePf;fr; rhSf;fpau;
Fyj;ijr; Nru;e;j FNyhj;Jq;fd; gl;lk; Vw;whd;.

guzp cUthd fij

fypq;fj;Jg; guzp cUthdjw;fhd fhuzk; gw;wpf; fij xd;W cz;L.

FNyhj;Jq;fd; fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; jq;fp ,Ue;jhd;. mg;NghJ njd;dtu;> tpy;ytu; Kjypa
kd;du;fs; jpiw (Njhw;w kd;du; jd;id ntd;wkd;du;f;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; epjp) nrYj;jpg;
gzpe;jdu;. tl fypq;f kd;dd; kl;Lk; jpiw nrYj;jhky; ,Ue;jhd;. ,jid mwpe;j
FNyhj;Jq;fd; rpdk; nfhz;lhd;. mtd; rpdj;ijf; fz;L Vida kd;du;fs;
eLq;fpdhu;fs;. 'tl fypq;f kd;ddpd; muz;fs; (kjpy;fs;) typik ciladthk;!
mtw;iw mopj;J thUq;fs;!; mtDila ahidfis ntd;W thUq;fs;” vd;W
$wpdhd;. me;j mstpy; FNyhj;Jq;fd; jsgjp fUzhfud; vOe;J ehNd nrd;W
fypq;fid mlf;FNtd; vd;W rgjk; ,l;lhd;. gpd;du;f; fypq;fg; Nghu; %z;lJ.
Nrhou;fs; ntw;wp thif R+bdu; vd;W fij KbfpwJ.

fypq;fk; ntd;w fUzhfud;

FNyhj;Jq;fdpd; gilj;jiytu;fSs; rpwe;jtd; fypq;fj;Jg;

guzpapd; ,d;ndhU fjhehafd; fUzhfud; Mthd;. FNyhj;Jq;fd; Mizapd;gb
fypq;f ehl;bd; kPJ gil vLj;Jr; nrd;W me;ehl;il mopj;jtd;. jpUtuq;fd;
vDk; ,aw;ngaiu cilatd;. 'Nts;” 'njhz;ilkhd;” vDk; gl;lq;fs;
FNyhj;Jq;fdhy; ,tDf;F toq;fg;gl;ld. ,td; gy;ytu; Fyj;ijr; Nru;e;jtd;.
fypq;fg; Nghupdhy; FNyhj;Jq;fDf;Fg; Gfo; Njbj; je;jhd; fUzhfud;;
fUzhfuDf;Fg; guzpapd; thapyhfg; Gfo; Njbj; je;jhu; nraq;nfhz;lhu;.

19
 ghlk; - 2

1. fhL ghbaJ

(ghiy epyj;ijAk;> mJ ntk;ik kpFjpahy; tpsq;Fk; ,ay;igAk;

gw;wpg; ghba nra;Al;fspd; gFjp.)

fhL ghLNthk;

fsg; Nghu; tpise;j fypq;fj;Jf;

fypq;fu; epzf;$o; fsg; Ngapd;
csg;Nghu; ,uz;L epiwtpj;jhs;
ciwAk; fhL ghLthk;. 75

Nghupy; ,we;j fypq;f tPuu;fSila epzj;jhyhfpa czitj; je;J> xg;gw;w

fypq;fg; Nghu;f;fsj;jpYs;s Nga;fspDila tapw;wpid ,uz;L gq;fhf epiwar;
nra;jhs; fhsp Njtp. mts; thOkplk; ghiy epyj;ijr; rhu;e;j fhL. mjd;
rpwg;ig ,dpg; ghLNthkhf!

kuk; nrb nfhbfs;

nghupe;j fhiu> fupe;j #iu

kbe;j NjW> nghbe;j Nty;>
Kw;wy; <if> Kspe;j tpz;L>
Kupe;j Gd;F! epiwe;jNt. 78

nghup nghupaha;g; Nghd fhiur; nrbfs;> fUfpg; Nghd #iu kuq;fs;> Gife;J
vupe;JNghd tPiu kuq;fs;> jPg;gw;wp vupe;j %q;fpy; kuq;fs;> Nkw;gl;il cupe;j ghiu
kuq;fs;> Kwpf;fg;gl;l ghiy kuq;fs;> fha;e;j Xik kuq;fs; Kjypait mg;ghiy
epyj;jpy; vq;fZk; tputpapUe;jd. ,iy> gok; Kjypad cjpu;e;j tpshkuq;fs;>
cyu;e;j ney;yp kuq;fs;> fha;e;JNghd Jk;igr; nrbfs;> cyu;e;j Ntykuq;fs;>
gpse;j Ks;spr;nrbfs;> #whtspahy; rpije;j ts;spf; nfhbfs;> gpsTgl;l
fs;spkuq;fs; Mfpait mg;ghiy epynkq;Fk; gutpapUe;jd.

cyu;e;J Nghd thif kuq;fs;> ePu; tw;wpg;Nghd $iff; nfhbfs;> mope;JNghd

Njw;wh kuq;fs;> rpije;J Nghd Ntykuq;fs;> Kjpu;e;J Nghd ,z;lq;nfhbfs;>
cyu;e;JNghd %q;fpy; kuq;fs;> fhw;why; xbe;JNghd Gd;fkuq;fs; Mfpait vq;Fk;
tupir tupiraha; epiwe;jpUe;jd.

20
 gupjpapd; nray;

jPa mf; nfhba fhdfj; jiu

rhia Gf;f top ahJ’ vdg; gupjp
jd; fuk; nfhL jpisf;FNk! 79

ghiy epyk; kpff; nfhbaJ. mjd; jiu KOtJk; ntapypd; ntg;gj;jhy;

Vw;gl;l epy ntbg;Gfs; epiwe;Js;sd. mtw;wpy; #upadpd;
xspf;fjpu;fs; ,aw;ifahfg; gbfpd;wd. ,J> #upadhdtd;> ‘jdJ kidtpahfpa
rhia vd;gts; GFe;J xspe;Jnfhz;l ,lk; ahJ?’ vdj; jd; xspf;fjpu;fshfpa
iffshy; jltp ,iltplhJ jpisj;Jj; NjLjiy xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

epoy; ,y;yhik

MLfpd;w rpiw ntk; gUe;jpd; epoy;

mQ;rp> mf; fL tdj;ij tpl;L
XLfpd;w epoy; xf;Fk;@ epw;Fk; epoy;
Xuplj;Jk; cs my;yNt! 80

,iu NjLtjd; nghUl;L thdj;jpy; tl;lkpl;L mire;J

nry;Yfpd;w ,wFfisAila nfhba gUe;Jfspd; epoyhdJ> ghiy epyj;jpd;
ntg;gj;Jf;Fg; gae;J> mjidj; jhq;fkhl;lhky;> mf; nfhba ghiyf; fhl;il tpl;L
Xbg;Nghfpd;wJ. mt;thW XLfpd;w epoNy my;yhky; epiyngw;wpUf;Fk; epoy; vd;gJ
mg;ghiytdj;jpy; Xuplj;jpNyDk; ,y;iy.

kuj;jpd; mbapNy epd;w epoyhdJ> ‘ntspNa jiyfhl;bdhy; ntapy;

cl;nfhz;L tpLNkh?’ vd;W fUjpAk;> ePupd;wp thLk; kuq;fs; jq;fs; epoiyj; jhNk
cl;nfhs;sf;$Lk;’ vd;W fUjpAk; gae;J> mk; kuq;fspd; fPopUe;J> ahUk; mwpahNj
tpyfpg; Nghapw;W!

neUg;Gk; GifAk;

nre; neUg;gpidj; jfL nra;J ghu;

nra;jJ xf;Fk;. mr;nre;jiug; gug;G!
me; neUg;gpdpy; Gif jpuz;lJ xg;G
myJ xg;Gwh> mjd; ,ilg; Gwh! 82

nrf;fr;rpte;j ghiyepyg; gug;ghdJ nre;neUg;igf; nfhl;bj; jfl;ilg; gOf;fr;

nra;J epyj;ij mikj;jij xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mg; ghiy epyj;jpd; NkNy gwf;Fk;
Gwhf;fs;> me; neUg;gpypUe;J jpuz;nlOe;j Giff; $l;lj;ij xj;jpUf;FNk my;yhky;>
NtW vtw;wpw;Fk; xg;ghfkhl;lh!

21
 epyj;jpy; ePupd;ik

jPapd; thapd; ePu; ngwpDk; cz;gNjhu;

rpe;ij$u> tha; nte; Jyu;e;J nre;
ehapd; thapd;ePu; jd;id> ePu;vdh
et;tp ehtpdhy; ef;fp tpf;FNk! 83

ghiy epyj;jpy; xNu nfhba ntg;gk;! mjdhy;> khdpd; tha; nte;JNgha;

cs;sJ! NkYk; khDf;Fj; jhftplhAk; kpFjp! neUg;gpypUe;J ePu; fpilj;jhYk;
Fbj;JtpLk; - mg;gb xU Ngnuz;zk; khDf;F! me;epiyapy; tplha; kpFjpahy;
ntJk;gpa khd;> nre;ehapd; thapypUe;J tbAk; mUe;jj;jfhj vr;rpy; ePiuf;$l
mUe;jj; jFk; ePu; vd;W fUjp kfpo;e;J> ehtpdhy; ef;fp tpf;fp epw;Fk; fhl;rpiaj;jhd;
fhzyhk;! (‘nre;eha;f;F mQ;rp XLjw;Fupa khd;> mjd; thapypUe;J tbAk; ePiu
ef;fpf; Fbj;J tpf;Fk;’ vd;gJ ntk;ik kpFjpahy; mit jj;jk; ,ay;Gfis kwe;J
fisj;jpUe;j vd;gdthk;.)

rpwe;j thDyfj;jpYs;s Njtu;fs;> epyj;jpy; jq;fs; jpUtbfis

itf;fhkypUg;gJ> mg; ghiy epyj;jpd; ntg;gf; nfhLikiaj; jhq;fKbahik
fUjpNaahFk;. ,t;thW ,Uf;fTk;> ,e; epyTyfj;Js;s kdpju; mg; ghiyepyj;jpy;
nry;tJ vspajhFNkh? MfhJ. (Njtu;fspd; fhybfs; epyj;jpw; glh
ntd;gjid ,g;gb eakhf ctkpj;Jf; $Wfpd;wdu;.)

,utpAk; ,U nghOJk;

,U nghOJk; ,utp gfk; Gutp tpRk;G

,aq;fhjJ ,ak;gf; Nfz;kpd; -
xU nghOJk; jupj;jd;wp> CLNghf;F
mupJ mzq;fpd; fhL vd;W md;Nwh! 85

Qhapw;wpDila gr;irf; Fjpiufs; thdj;jpw; gfy; Ntisapy; ,aq;fpr;

nry;fpd;wd@ ,utpy; nry;tjpy;iy. Vd; njupAkh? nrhy;YfpNwd; NfSq;fs;@ QhapW
gfypy; fhsp thOk; ghiyepyj;ijf; fle;jJ. mg;NghJ me;epyj;jpy; nfhba
ntk;ikahy; mjw;F kpf;f fisg;G cz;lhapw;W. mjidj; jzpj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;jhd;
mJ kWgfypy; ,aq;f KbAk;. mg;gbj; jzpj;Jf; nfhs;Stjw;F mjw;F ,Uf;Fk;
Ntis ,uTjhd;! mjdhy;jhd; QhapW ,utpy; mq;Nf ,aq;Ftjpy;iy!

fhu;NkfKk; ntz;zpyTk;@ ghiy epyj;ijf; fle;J nry;Nthk;> vd;W fUjp

nky;y nky;yr; nrd;wd. Mdhy; me;epynkq;Fk; xNu nfhba ntg;gkhf ,Ue;jJ.
mtw;why; - mjidg; nghWf;f Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy; tpiue;J Xlyhapd. mg;gb
XLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; cly; ,isj;J Ntu;itahff; nfhl;bw;W. INah! mt;thW
nfhl;ba tpau;it ePiuNa fhu;Nkfk; kioePuhfTk;> ntz;zpyT gdpePuhfTk; nga;jd!

22
 Njtu;fs; thdj;jpd; cr;rpapNy Fspu;e;j fhu;Nkfj;ijj; jpiur;rPiyahf
mikj;Jf; nfhz;L> re;jpuid tprpwpahfg; gpbj;J tprpwpf;nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fNs
vjd;nghUl;Lj; njupAkh? nfhba Ntfk; kpFe;j ghiyepyj;jpd; nghWf;f Kbahj
ntg;gf; nfhLikiar; rpwpNjDk; jzpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;NlahFk; my;yNth!

Ngapd; %r;Rk; kuj;jpd; GifAk;

epyk; Gil Nghu;e;J XlhNk>

neL Nkhb> epWj;jpa Nga;
Gyk;nghL epd;W capu;g;gd Nghy;>
Gife;J kuk; fupe;J csthy; 88

,t;Tyfk; ,lk;tpl;Lg; ngau;e;J Xbg; Nghfhky; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;

nghUl;L> ,g;ghiy epyj;jpy; fhspNjtpahy; epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;l Nga;fs;>
jdpj;jdpahf epd;W ngU%r;Rtpl;lhy; vg;gb apUf;FNkh mJNghy> ,g; ghiy
epyj;jpYs;s kuq;fs; vy;yhk; vupe;J fupe;J Gife;J fplf;fpd;wdNt!

twz;l ehf;Fk; Kjpa NgAk;

tw;wpa Nga; tha; cyu;e;J>

tws;ehf;if ePl;Lt Nghy;>
Kw;wpa ePs; kug; nghJk;gpd;
KJ ghk;G Gwg;gL khy;! 89

ed;wha; Kw;wpa ePz;l kuq;fspd; nghe;JfspypUe;J ngupa ghk;Gfs;

ntspg;gLjy;> grpahy; cly; nkype;j Nga;fs;> jhftplha; nghWf;f khl;lhikahy;
thapYs;s <uk; Gyu;e;J> twz;l ehf;Ffis ntspNa ePl;bf;nfhz;bUg;gd Nghyj;
Njhd;Wk;.

fhz;gtupd; fz;fs; RoYk;gbahfg; ghiy epyj;jpy; Njhd;wp tUfpd;w

fhdyhdJ> jz;zPu; miyaiyahf kpje;J tUtJNghy; Njhd;Wk;. me;jj; jz;zPupy;
Ropfs; Rod;W tUtd Nghy> Roy; fhw;Wk; Rod;W Rod;W mbf;Fk;.

Rod;W tPrpa #iwf;fhw;W> capu; Ngha; mope;j cliyr; Rl;nlupj;j Rliyr;

rhk;giyf; fpswp mbj;jJ. mg;gbf; fpswp mbj;j rhk;gy; mq;Ff; fple;j
khzpf;fq;fspd; nre;epwj;ij kiwj;jJ. mt;thW nre;epwk; kiwe;J fplf;Fk;
khzpf;fq;fs;> Gifahy; %lg;gl;l neUg;igg; NghyTk;> rhk;gyhy; %lg;gl;l
neUg;igg; NghyTk; Njhd;Wtdthk;!

23
 Kj;Jr; nrhupjy; fz;zPu; nghopjy;!

kz; Xb> mw twe;J> mq;fhe;j

tha; topNa Nta; nghopAk; Kj;jk;> mt;Nta;
fz;Xbr; nrhupfpd;w fz;zPu; md;Nwy;
fz;L ,uq;fpr; nrhupfpd;w fz;zPu;NghYk;! 92

kz; tiuf;Fk; Xb> <uk; ePq;fp> kpfTk; twz;L> ntbg;Gf;fshy;

jpwe;j ,lq;fspy;> %q;fpy;fs; fZf;fs; ntbj;J Kj;Jf;fisr; nrhupAk;. mk;
Kj;Jf;fs; %q;fpy; ,uf;fg;gl;L ,ay;ghfr; nrhupfpd;w fz;zPiug; Nghd;W tpsq;Fk;.
my;yJ ghiy epyj;jpd; ntg;gf; nfhLikiaf; fz;Nlhu; kdKUfpr; nrhupfpd;w
fz;zPu;j; Jspfisg; Nghd;wpUf;Fk;.

fZf;fs; ntbj;j %q;fpy;fspypUe;J Kj;Jf;fs; Ntfkhfj; njwpj;Jg;

ghiyepyj;jpy; tpOe;J fplf;Fk;. mit> ghiy epyk; tUe;jp ntJk;gpaikahy;>
mjd; clk;gpy; Njhd;wpa tpau;itg; Gs;spfisg; Nghd;W ,Uf;Fk;@ my;yJ
nfhg;Gsq;fis xj;jpUf;Fk;.

fhw;wpd; jd;ik

gy; fhy; jpz; jpiuf; fuq;fs; fiuapd; Nkd;Nky;

gha; fly;fs; E}f;FkJ> mg; glu;ntq; fhdpy;
nry; fhw;W thuhky; fhf;f md;Nwh!
jpirf; fupapd; nrtpf; fhw;Wk; mjw;Nf md;Nwh! 94

ePu; gue;j fly;fs;> typa miyfshfpa iffisg; gyKiw fiuapNy

nrYj;JtJk;> jpf;F ahidfspd; fhJfspypUe;J fhw;W tPRtJk;> glu;e;j nfhba
ghiy epyj;jpypUe;J tPrptUk; ntg;gk; kpFe;j fhw;Wj; jk;kplk; thuhky; jLj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;Nf ahFk;!

thl;gilAila Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; Kd;ndhU rkak; ghz;baNuhL

Kdpe;J nghUj NghupNy> ghz;bau; Kl;fisAila topfspYk;> fw;fisAila
topfspYkhf Xbg; Nghapdu;. mg;NghJ> nts;shW vd;Dk; MWk;> Nfhl;lhW vd;Dk;
CUk; Gifahy; %bf;nfhz;ld. mtw;wpw;F mUfpy; nte;j fhtw;fhLfspd; ntg;gk;
Ntz;Lkhdhy;> fhspNjtp ciwfpd;w ,e;jg; ghiytdj;jpy; ntg;gj;ij xj;jpUf;Fk;!

,yq;if Nte;jd; ,uhtzNdhL Nghu; Guptjw;F vOe;j ,uhkDila Fuq;Ff;

$l;lq;fs;> miyfliy milg;gjw;F> ,e;jg; ghiy epyj;jpdpd;Wk; xU kzy; fhzg;
ngwhikahNyNa> kiyfisg; ngau;j;njLj;J tUj;jKw;Wf; fyq;fpd.

24
 2. Nfhapy; ghbaJ

(ghiyf;Fupa nja;tkhfpa nfhw;witahspd; Nfhapiyg; gw;wpg; ghbad ,it. ,q;Nf

tPukwtu; topghbaw;Wk; fhsp Nfhapypd; mikg;Gk; gpwTk; $wg;ngWfpd;wd.)

gioa NfhapYk; Gjpa NfhapYk;

Xjp te;j mf; nfhba fhdfj;J

ciw mzq;fpDf;F mad; tFj;j ,g;
G+jyk; goq; Nfhapy; vd;dpDk;
Gjpa Nfhapy; cz;L mJtp sk;Gthk;. 97

NkNy $wpte;j me;jf; nfhba ghiytdj;jpNy Nfhapy; nfhz;bUg;gts;

fhspNjtp. mtSf;Fg; gpukdhy; gilf;fg;gl;l ,e;j cyfNk gioa
NfhapyhFk;. ,Ue;jhYk;> Gjpa Nfhapy; xd;Wk; mtSf;F mq;Nf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,dp
mijg; gw;wpf; $WNthk;.

Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod;> tl;lkhd ntz;nfhw;wf;Filia cilatd;.

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; mtdJ thspd; tha;g;gl;L kbe;j kd;du;fNsh gyuhtu;. mk;
kd;du;fsJ gl;lj;jurpfspd; eiffspy; ,Ue;j mofpa ngupa ,uj;jpdf; fw;fNs>
Gjpa NfhapYf;Ff; filf;fhypLk; fw;fshf mike;jd.

Nfhapy; ,ay;G

Jtu; epwf; fspw;W cjpau; Vtypd;

Rupif Nghu;Kfj;J cUtp> Nenujpu;j;J
mtu; epzj;njhL mf; FUjpePu; Fioj;J
mtu; fUe;jiyr; Rtu; mLf;fpNa. 99

Nru kd;du;fs;> Kfj;jpw; nre;epwg; Gs;spfisAila ahidg; giliag;

ngw;wpUe;jdu;. mtu;fSila fl;lisapdhy; NrutPuu;fs; Nghu;f;fsj;jpw;F te;jdu;.
jd;id vjpu;j;j NrutPuu;fis Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;fd; nfhd;W Ftpj;jhd;. mt; tPuu;fspd;
nfhOg;ghfpa Nrw;iw> ,uj;jkhfpa ePuhy; Fioj;J> ngupa jiyfshfpa fw;fshy;
NfhapYf;Fr; Rtu; vOg;gpdhd;.

mwpQu;fSf;nfy;yhk; jiytd; Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod;. mtDila

ahidfs; gifauru;fspd; fhtw; fhLfis Kw;wTk; jk; nfhk;Gfshy; gpLq;fp
vwpe;jd. mt;thW vwpe;j fiza kuq;fNs> Gjpa NfhapYf;Fj; J}z;fSk;
cj;juq;fSk; Mapd.

25
 ‘kpjpiy vd;Dk; efupy; Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; ahidfis tpiuthff;
nfhd;W Ftpj;jhd;. me;j ahidfspd; nfhk;Gfisf; NfhapYf;Ff; ifkukhf ,l;ldu;.
mtw;wpd; tpyh vYk;Gfisg; gug;gpg; gug;Gkuq;fshf mLf;fpdu;.

Nky; KfL

kPsp kh cifj;J mgad; Kd;ndhu; ehs;

tpUj uhriug; nghUJ nfhz;l Nghu;>
Msp> thuzk;> Nfoy;> rPak; vd;W
mit epiuj;J ehrpif ,Uj;jpNa. 102

Kd;ndhU ehs;> Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; ahidg; giliar; nrYj;jp>

ntw;wpr; rpd;dq;fis cila muru;fNshL Nghu; Gupe;J> mtu;fsplkpUe;J ngw;w
ahsp> ahid> gd;wp> rpq;fk; Mfpa cUtq;fs; vOjg;ngw;w jdpj;jdpf; nfhbfis
tupirahf itj;J Nky;KfL mikj;jhd;.

Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; murhz;l ehspy; Fe;jsk; vd;Dk; ehl;il> Mwhk;

tpf;fpukhjpj;jd; vd;Dk; murd; Mz;L te;jhd;. Mwhk; tpf;fpukhjpj;jidAk;> mtd;
jk;gp rarpq;fidAk; Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;fd; ntd;whd;. mtu;fisj; Jq;fgj;jpiu
vd;Dk; Mw;Wf;fg;gghy; Juj;jpdhd;. me;jg; Nghupy; ahidfs; gytw;iwf; ftu;e;jhd;.
mg;gbf; ftu;e;j ahidfspd; Kfg;Nghu;itfis vLj;Jf; fhspNfhapypd; ntw;wplk;
kiwAk;gb NkNy %bdhd;.

NfhGuKk; neLkjpYk;

nfhs;sp tha;g; Nga; fhf;Fk;

NfhGuKk; neL kjpYk;
nts;spahy; rikj;jnjd>
nts;nsYk;gp dhy; rikj;Nj. 104

fhsp Nfhapypd; NfhGuq;fSk;> ngupa kjpy;fSk; nts;spahy; fl;b Kbe;jijg;

Nghyg; Nghupy; ,we;jtu;fSila nts;spa vYk;Gfshy; fl;b Kbf;fg; ngw;wd. mf;
NfhGuq;fisAk; kjpy;fisAk; nfhs;sp tha;g; Nga;fs; fhty; Gupe;jd.

fUk; Nga;fs;> fupa ,Uk;gpdhy; xg;gw;w ,uz;L J}z;fis el;ld.

Xu; ,Uk;igr; RwhkPd;Nghy tisj;J kfu NjhuzkhfTk; fl;bd.

kjpy;fspd; fhl;rp

kapw;fOj;Jk;> fOj;Jmupa kyu;e;jKfj;

jhkiuAk;> kUq;F #o;e;j
vapw;F mOj;Jk; epzf; nfhbAk;> ,sq;Fotpg;
gRe; jiyAk;> vq;Fk; J}f;fp. 106

26
 kjpypd; jiyfSk;> tPuu;fs; fhspNjtpf;Fg; gypahf kyu;e;j Kfj;NjhL
fOj;ij mWj;J itj;j jhkiu kyu;Nghd;w Kfq;fSk;> kjpy;fspy; gjpf;Fk;
nfhOg;ghyhfpa nfhbr;rPiyfSk;> gr;rpsk; Foe;ijfspd; ,se;jiyfSk;> mf;
Nfhapypd; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; njhq;f tplg;gl;ld.

Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod;> jdf;F mlq;fhj ghz;baUila> gha;e;J nry;Yk;

ahidfspd; Kwk; Nghd;w fhJfis mWj;Jf; fhspNfhapypy; khiyahfj;
njhq;ftpl;lhd;. kJiuapy; RwhkPd; tbtj;jpy; xU kfu Njhuzk; ,Ue;jJ. mjidg;
gwpj;J te;J> fhspNfhapypd; Kd;Nd ,uj;jpdq;fisg; gjpj;j Cry;Nghy; el;L
itj;jhd;.

<k tpsf;F

guptpUj;jp myfpl;Lg;> gRq;FUjp

ePu; njspj;J> epzg;G+r; rpe;jp>
vup tpupj;j <ktpsf;F vk; kUq;Fk;
Vw;wpaNjhu; ,ay;gpw; whNyh!. 108

fhspNjtpia topgLtu; midtUk; mt; mk;ikaplk; md;G nrYj;jp> mts;

ciwe;Js;s Nfhapiyr; Rw;wpYk; ngUf;fpg;> gRik ,uj;jkhfpa jz;zPiuj;
njspj;jdu;. nfhOg;ghfpa kyu;fisj; J}tpdu;. fhspNfhapy; Rliyapd; eLtpy;
mike;jikahy;> Rw;wpYk; gpzq;fisr; RLtjhy; vupAk; tpwfLf;fhfpa tpsf;if>
vy;yhg; gf;fq;fspYNk Vw;wp itj;jdu;. mJ xg;gw;w gaq;fuj; jd;ikiaf;
nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ.

fhspNjtpia topgLk; tPuu;fs; rpwpJk; kdk; jsuhjtu;fs;@ xg;gw;w Mz;ikAk;

mQ;rhikAk; cilatu;fs;. mtu;fs;> ‘jhq;fs; tpUk;Gk; tuj;ijj; jUkhW Njtpaplk;
Ntz;bdu;. mt;tuj;jpw;F <lhf ‘vq;fs; jiy Kjypa cWg;Gfis mupe;J
nfhLf;fpNwhk;’ vd;Wk; Muthuj;NjhL $tp topgl;ldu;. ,t;thW> mtu;fs; topgl;l
XirahdJ> fly; xyp Nghy; vy;yhj; jpf;FfspYk; nrd;W gutpw;W.

tPu topghL

nrhy; mupaXkj; jP tsu;g;g uhNyh@

njhOjpUe;J gO vYk;G njhlu thq;fp
tpy; vupapd; kpir vupa tpLtuhNyh>
top FUjp nea;ahf thu;g;g uhNyh. 110

fhspNjtpia topgLNthu;> mtis tzq;fp mku;e;jpUe;jdu;. nrhy;Yjw;F

mUikahd mf;fpdp G+irf;Fj; jFjpahd neUg;ig %l;bdu;. jq;fs; tpyh vYk;igg;

27
gpLq;fp typa neUg;gpy; njhlu;e;J vupAk;gb tpwfhf itj;jdu;. clk;gpypUe;J ngUfp
topAk; ,uj;jj;ij nea;ahf Cw;wpdu;.

tPuu;fs; jq;fSila ngupa jiyiaf; fOj;jp;d; mbapNy mWg;ghu;fs;. mWj;j

jiyiaf; fhspapd; ifapNy nfhLg;ghu;fs;. nfhLj;j jiyfs; Njtpiag; Nghw;Wk;!
jiy Fiwe;j cly;fs; Njtpiaf; Fk;gpl;L epw;Fk;.

mr;RWj;Jk; jiyfs;

ePz;l gyp gPlj;jpy; mupe;J itj;j

neLq;FQ;rpr; rpuj;ijj; jd; ,dk; vd;W vz;zp
Mz;liyg;Gs; mUF mize;J ghu;f;F khNyh!
mizj;jYk;> mr;rpuk; mr;r KWj;JkhNyh. 112

gypf;fld; nrYj;Jk; gypgPlj;jpy;> tPuu;fs; ePz;l FLkpNahL $ba jq;fs;

jiyfis mWj;J itj;jdu;. Mz;liyg; gwitfs; mj;jiyfisj; ‘jk; ,dg;
gwitfs;’ vd;W vz;zpg; gf;fj;jpy; te;J ghu;f;Fk;! me;jg; gwitfis> mWgl;l
jiyfs; gaKWj;Jk;!

‘tPuu;fs; fhsp Njtpf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;ba gyp flDf;fhfj; jq;fs;

jiyfis mupe;J itj;jdu;. mg;nghONj mtu;fs; flik epiwNtwptpl;lJ. ,dp
nra;a Ntz;baJ ahJkpy;iy!’ me;jf; fspg;gpdhy; FiwAly;fs; $j;jhbd@ ngUk;
grpAila Nga;fs; mtw;iw cz;z Mirg;gl;ld. Mdhy; me;j cly;fsplk; mZf
mQ;rp> ‘fPNo tpOe;jTld; cz;zyhk;’ vd;W fUjp> mtw;wpd; gpd;dhNyNa
miye;jd!

Fuy; xypAk; thj;jpa xypAk;

‘gfL ,le;J nfhs; gRq; FUjp ,d;W> jiytP!

gypnfhs;!’ vd;w Fuy; vz; jpirgpse;J kpirthd;
KfL ,le;J cUk; vwpe;njd Koq;f> clNd
nkhF nkhnfd;W xypkpFk; jkUfq;fs; gyNt. 114

‘fhsp NjtpNa! ,g;nghOJ vUikf; flhitg; gpse;J vLj;j

grpa ,uj;jk; ,J! ,jid md;NghL gypahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;f’ vd;W tPuu;fs; ,l;l
$r;ry;> ngupa ,b> ,bj;jhw;Nghy; vl;Lj; jpf;FfspYk; gutpd. mt;nthyp thd
cr;rpiaAk; gpse;Jnfhz;L nrd;wJ. mjNdhL Njhw;fUtpfisf; nfhz;L> ‘nkhF
nkhF’ vd;w ngupa XiriaAk; mtu;fs; vOg;gpdu;.

28
 nka; fhg;ghsu;fs;

jkUfq;fs; jUfpd;w
rjpapd;fz; tUthu;>
mkup ,d;GWk; mehjp tU
rhj fu;fNs. 115

fhspNjtpapd; nka;fhg;ghsUk;> Nga;fspy; xUtifapdUk;> mtshy;

tpUk;gg;gLgtUk;> goq;fhye;njhl;L tUgtUk; Md rhjfu;fs;> giw> gk;ig> KoT
Kjypa Njhw; fUtpfspypUe;J vOfpd;w jhs xw;NwhL Nru;e;j xypiaf; Nfl;Lj;
Njtpia tzq;f tUthu;fs;.

Nahfpdpg; ngz;fs;

gil tyq;nfhL> gRe;jiy

,lq;nfhL> mizthu;>
,ilnkhope;J ,il Elq;f> tU
Nahfp dpfNs. 116

Nahfpdpg; ngz;fs;> this tyf;ifapYk;> tPuu;fspd; grpa

jiyfis ,lf;ifapYk; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L> ,ilapilNa Ngrpatz;zk; ,il
mira ele;J Njtpaplk; te;J Nru;tu;.

ngUe;jiy fz;L Nga; cwq;fhik

tPq;F jiy neLq; fioapd; kpirNjhWk;

jpirNjhWk; tpopj;J epd;W
J}q;Fjiy rpupg;gdfz;L> cwq;Fjiy
kwe;jpUf;Fk; Roy;fz; #u;g;Nga;. 117

gUj;J ePz;l %q;fpy;fspd; Kidfspy; vy;yhk; tPuu;fspd; jiyfs; njhq;fpd!

mit vy;yhj; jpf;FfspYk; fz; ,ikf;fhky; ,Ue;J rpupj;jd! fz;ltu;f;F
mr;rj;ij cz;lhf;Fk; RoYfpd;w fz;fisAila Nga;fs;> me;jj; jiyfisg;
ghu;j;Jg; gae;J> ehs; KOtJk; J}q;fhkNy ,Ue;jd.

tPuu;fs; jq;fs; jiyfis mWj;Jj; Njtpf;Fg; gypf;fld; nrYj;jpdu;. me;jj;

jiyfs; ,uj;j nts;sj;jpy; %o;fpf; fhw;wpy; mirAk; %q;fpy;fspy; khl;bf;
nfhz;bUe;jd. mf; fhl;rp> miyAk; ,uj;j nts;sj;jpy; %o;fpf; fple;j tPuu;fspd;
clyq;fisf; ftu;tjw;F vkd; ngupa J}z;biyg; Nghl;Lg; gpbg;gJNghy; ,Ue;jJ!

29
 nfhs;sptha;g; Ngapd; jd;ik

nfhy; tha; Xup KoT Mff;

nfhs;sp tha;g; Nga;> Fotpf;F
ey;tha;r; nra;a jir Njb
euptha;j; jiriag; gwpf;Fkhy;. 119

fhspNjtp thOk; Rliyapy; capu;fisf; nfhy;Yk; thiaAila fpo eupfs;

giw Xir Nghy Kof;fkpl;ld. mq;Ff; nfhs;sptha;g; Nga;fs; jq;fs; Fl;bfspd;
tha;f;F Vw;w ,dpa rpte;j ,iwr;rpiaj; Njbj; jpupe;jd. mg;NghJ> eupfspd; thapy;
ey;y ,iwr;rp ,Ug;gijg; ghu;j;J> mijg; gpLq;fpf; nfhz;L Ngha; tpl;ld.

gUe;Jfs;> ,we;j gpzq;fisf; nfhj;jpf; nfhOg;igAk;> ,iwr;rpiaAk;

gpLq;fpj; jpd;Dk;! fhspNjtpapd; Nfhapiyr; Rw;wpYk; gpzq;fisr; RLk; neUg;G>
nrk;gUj;jpr; nrb> Nga;fs;> RLfhL> xd;NwhL xd;W rz;ilapLk; eupfs;
MfpaitfshfNt ,Ue;jd!

(,g;gFjp Nrhodpd; Nghu; ntw;wpfisAk; Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; ntw;wp Njbj;jUk;

fhspapd; mr;r%l;Lk; rpwg;GfisAk; ghbajhFk;. ,jpy; tUk; gy gFjpfs; gioa
ek;gpf;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; vOe;j fw;gidfs; vd;Nw nfhs;syhk;.)

30
 3. fsk; ghbaJ

(Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f NrhoDila gilj;jiytdhd fUzhfuj; njhz;ilkhd;

fypq;f ehl;ltNuhL Gupe;j Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tPur; nra;jpfis Mrpupau;
,g;gFjpapy; tUzpj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;.)

fsr; rpwg;G

‘NjthRuk;> uhkhazk;
kh ghujk;> cs vd;W
Xth ciu XAk;gb
csJ> mg; nghU fsNk!. 473

‘gjpndl;L Mz;Lfs; eilngw;w Njtu; - mRuu; Nghu;> gjpndl;Lj; jpq;fs;

epfo;e;j ,uhkhazg; Nghu;> gjpndl;L ehs; ele;j kfhghujg;Nghu;
Mfpaitjhk; ,t;Tyfpy; rpwg;Gg; ngw;W ,Uf;fpd;wd’ vd;W vy;yhUk; nrhy;ypte;j
ePq;fhj Ngr;Rf;fs; ePq;Fk;gb> fUzhfud; fypq;fNuhL Gupe;j Nghu;f;fskhdJ>
mtw;wpYk; kpfr; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

Nga; Ntz;lf; fhsp mZfy;

‘fhyf; fsk; mJ fz;lUs; -

,iwtP! fbJ’ vdNt>
Myf; fsk; cilahd; kfpo;
mKJ mf; fsk; mZfp> 474

eQ;R G+z;l fOj;ij cilatu; rptngUkhd;. mtu; fz;L fspf;fpd;w mKij

xj;jts; fhspNjtp. mtsplk; fypq;fg; Nga;> ‘Njtp! vkdJ nfhiyf;fskhfpa ,e;jg;
Nghu;f;fsj;ij te;J ghu;j;jUSthahf’ vd;W Ntz;bf; nfhz;lJ. clNd> fhspNjtp
Gwg;gl;Lf; fypq;fg; Nghu;f;fsj;ijr; nrd;W mile;jhs;.

ahidAk; fg;gYk;

‘vd;Nd xU nrU ntq;fsk;!’

vdNt mjprak; cw;W>
me; Neupio myiff; fzk;
mit fz;bl> nkhopAk; - 475

31
 fsk; mile;j fhsp> ‘,e;jf; nfhba Nghu;f;fsk; ,Ue;jtz;zk; jhd; vd;Nd!’
vd;W tpag;gile;jhs;. jd;Dld; te;jpUe;j Nga;f; $l;lj;ijg; ghu;j;Jg; Nghu;f;fsj;jpd;
rpwg;igf; fhZkhW nrhy;yj; njhlq;fpdhs; :

Nghu;f;fsk; vq;Fk; xNu ,uj;j nts;sk;> mt; nts;sj;jpy;> clk;gpy; cz;lhd

Gz;fspypUe;J ,uj;jk; tbjiyAk;> gpd;dq; fhy;fspy; miritAk; cila
ahidfs;> xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf ePe;jpr; nry;fpd;wd. ,e;jf; fhl;rp> flypy; fg;gypd;
gpd;Nd fg;gy; njhlu;e;J nry;Yjiy xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ@ Nga;fNs ghUq;fs;! ghUq;fs;!

FjpiuAk; Fjpiuj; jwpAk;

neLq; Fjpiu kpirf; fyiz rupag; gha;e;J

epzr; Nrw;wpy; fhy; Fspg;g epiuNa epd;W>
gLq; FUjpf; fLk; Gdiy milf;fg; gha;e;j
gy Fjpiuj; jwp Nghd;w gupR fhz;kpd;! 477

ngupa Fjpiufs; jk;kPJ ,l;l Nrzq;fs; rupAk; gbahfg; gha;e;J nry;fpd;wd!

mg;gbr; nry;Yk; NghJ mtw;wpd; fhy;fs; nfhOg;ghfpa Nrw;wpy;
mOe;Jfpd;wd. ,e;epiyapy; Gije;j fhy;fis vLf;f Kbahjgb Fjpiufs;
tupirahf epw;fpd;wd. ,e;jf; fhl;rp> ,uj;j nts;sj;ij milf;f tupirahf
mike;j Fjpiu kuq;fis xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ ghUq;fs;!

tpUe;jpdUk; ViofSk; jk;kplkpUe;J czitg; ngw;W xUNru ,Ue;J

cz;Zjiyg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ> NkYk; NkYk; fspg;ghy; Kfkyu;r;rp
milAk; ,y;ywj;J cau;e;j ngupatu;fs;Nghy> gUe;JfSk; fOFfSk; jk;
cliyNa cz;zf; fsj;jpy; ,we;J fplf;Fk; tPuu;fs;. jhkiu kyu; Nghd;w jq;fs;
Kfk; NkYk; kyu;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;whu;fs;. Nga;fNs! mtu;fisg; ghUq;fs;> ghUq;fs;!

tPuu;fSk; fUkpfSk;

rhk; msTk; gpwu;f;F cjth jtiu er;rpr;

rhUeu;Nghy> tPuu; cly; jupf;Fk; Mtp
Nghk; msTk; mtu; mUNf ,Ue;J tpl;Lg;
Nghfhj eupf; Fyj;jpd; Gzu;r;rp fhz;kpd;! 479

jhq;fs; ,wf;Fk; tiuapYk; kw;wtu;fSf;F xU rpW nghUSk; cjtp

nra;ahjtu;fs; cNyhgpfs;. mtu;fis tpUk;gp milfpwhu;fs; %lu;fs;.
me;j %lu;fisg; Nghy> nfhiyAz;l tPuu;fspd; clk;gpy; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; capu;
ePq;Fk; tiuapYk;> mtu;fspd; mUfpNyNa ,Ue;Jtpl;L> gpd;Dk; mtu;fistpl;L ePq;fh
jpUf;fpd;wd eupf; $l;lq;fs;. mtw;iwg; ghUq;fs;!

32
 tz;Lk; tpiykhjUk;

kh kioNghy; nghopfpd;w jhd thup

kwpj;J tpOk; flfspw;iw ntWj;J> thNdhu;
G+ kioNghy; gha;e;J> vOe;J> epue;j tz;L
nghUl; ngz;bu; Nghd;witAk; fhz;kpd;@ fhz;kpd;! 480

ahidfs; Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; ngUkio nga;tJ Nghy kjePiur; nrhupe;J

nfhz;bUe;jd. me;j kjePu; nghopAk; tiuapYk; tz;Lfs; ahidfisg; gw;wpapUe;jd.
ahidfs; ,we;Jtpl;ld! kjePUk; xope;Jtpl;lJ. me;jr; rkaj;jpy; fUzhfudJ
ntw;wp fz;L Njtu; G+kio nghope;jdu;. clNd tz;Lfs; NkNy gwe;J
nrd;Wtpl;ld. ,f; fhl;rp tpiykfspu; nghUs; ,Uf;Fk; tiuapYk; xUtidg;
gw;wpapUe;J> mtdplj;jpUe;j nghUs; Kw;Wk; jPu;e;jgpd;> NtnwhUtidg; gw;WtJ
Nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ ghUq;fs;!

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; ngupa ,uj;j nts;sk;. mjpy; kjahidfs; kha;e;J tpOe;J

fplf;fpd;wd. mtw;NwhL muru;f;Fupa nfhbfSk; rha;e;J gbe;J
fplf;fpd;wd. ,f;fhl;rp> RLfhl;by;> neUg;ghfpa gLf;ifapy; fztu;fNshL fw;Gila
kfspu; cld;fl;il Vwpf; fplj;jiy xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ ghUq;fs;!

fztiuj; NjLk; kfspu;

‘jk; fztUld; jhKk; Nghf vd;Nw

rhjfiuf; Nfl;ghNu> jltpg; ghu;g
; ;ghu;@
‘vk; fztu; fple;j ,lk; vq;Nf!’ vd;W vd;W>
,lhfpdpiaf; Nfl;ghiuf; fhz;kpd;> fhz;kpd;! 482

fw;Gila kfspu; rpyu;> ‘jq;fs; fztUld; jhq;fSk; Nru;e;J capu;

tpLtjd;Kd;> Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tPur; rhT ngw;Wf; fplf;Fk; jq;fs; fztupd; Kfq;fis
xU KiwNaDk; fhz Ntz;Lk;’ vd;Dk; ngUNtl;ifahy; fsk; GFe;jdu;. vk;
fztu; ve;j ,lj;jpy; fplf;fpd;whu;? vd;W vy;NyhUk; jdpj;jdpahff; fhspapd;
nka;f;fhg;ghsu;fshfpa rhjfiuf; Nfl;ldu;. mtu; xd;Wk; gjpy; nrhy;yhikahy;>
jhq;fs; jq;fs; iffshy; fsk; KOikAk; jltpg; ghu;j;jhu;fs;. mg;nghOJk; fhz
Kbatpy;iy. Rliyf;F vLj;Jg; NghapUg;ghu;fNsh vd;w vz;zk; cjpj;jJ. clNd
mq;Fr; nrd;whu;fs;. mq;Nf gpzq;fisj; jpd;Dk; Ngahfpa ‘,lhfpdp’ vd;Dk;
Nga; ,Ue;jJ. mjdplk;> ‘vk; fztu; vq;Nf fplf;fpwhu;?’ vd;W Nfl;Lg;
ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;. ,ijAk; ghUq;fs;!

Nghu;Gupaf; fsj;Jf;Fr; nrd;w tPundhUtd;> mq;F cjLfis kbj;Jf;

nfhz;L fple;jhd;. mtidf; fz;lhs; mtd; kidtp. mtd; xd;Wk; Ngrtpy;iy.
ntw;wpAld; kPsTk; ,y;iy. mtidg; ghu;j;J> ‘eP ,jo; kbj;Jf; fplg;gjw;Ff; fhuzk;
33
vd;d? mofpa cjLfspy; VNjDk; tLg;gl;lhNah?’ vd;W $tpg; Gyk;gpdhs;. ntWg;G
kpFjpahy; mtdUNf epd;W jhDk; capu;tpLfpd;whs;. mtisAk; ghUq;fs;!

jd; fztDila clk;ig epykfSk; jhq;Fjw;F tplhky;> jd; khu;NghL

mizj;Jf; nfhz;L> NjtUyfj; nja;tg; ngz;fs; mtDila capiuj; jOTtjw;F
Kd;Ng> jd; capiuAk; jd; fztdpd; capNuhL xUNru tpLfpwhs; xUj;jp> mtisg;
ghUq;fs;!

jiy ngw;w kidtp nray;

‘nghU jlf;if ths; vq;Nf? kzp khu;G vq;Nf?

Nghu;Kfj;jpy; vtu; tupDk; Gwq;nfhlhj
gU tapuj;Njhs; vq;Nf> vq;Nf? vd;W
gaputpiaf; Nfl;ghisf; fhz;kpd;> fhz;kpd;! 485

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tPur; rhTw;Wf; fplf;fpwhd; tPud; xUtd;. fsj;jpy; mtidj;

Njbte;j mtd; kidtpf;F mtdJ jiy kl;LNk fpilj;jJ. Vida cWg;Gf;fisf;
fhztpy;iy. ehNah eupNah ,Oj;Jr; nrd;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. fsj;jpy; Nahfpdp vd;Dk;
ngz; nja;tk; xd;W ,Ue;jJ. mjidg; ghu;j;J> mts;> ‘vd; fztDila Nghu;Gupe;j
ngupa iffs; vq;Nf? mf; ifapy; gpbj;jpUe;j tPuths; vq;Nf? mofpa khu;G vq;Nf?
Nghupy; vj;jifa tPuu;fs; vjpu;j;J te;jhYk; KJF fhl;b Xlhj ngupa ty;yik
nghUe;jpa Njhs;fs; vq;Nf? vq;Nf? vd;W Nfl;fpwhs; mjidg; ghUq;fs;!

fUNkfk; nrk;Nkfj;ij xj;jpUj;jy;

Mly; Juq;fk; gpbj;J> Mis MNshL

mbj;Jg; Gilj;J mt;tpUk; Gz;zpd; ePu;
Xbj; njwpf;f> fUq; nfhz;ly; nrq;nfhz;ly;
xf;fpd;w ,t;thW fhz;kpd;fNsh! 486

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tPuu;fs; FjpiufNshL FjpiufisAk; tPuu;fNshL tPuu;fisAk;

gpbj;J Nkhjp mbj;jhu;fs;. mt;thW mbf;Fk;NghJ> mtw;wpdpd;Wk; gPwpl;nlOe;j
kpFe;j ,uj;jk; thdj;jpYk; rpjwpj; njwpj;jJ. mjdhy;> thdj;jpypUe;j fupa
Nkfq;fs; vy;yhk; rpte;j Nkfq;fshfj; njupfpd;wd. mtw;iwg; ghUq;fs;!

fUq;fhfk; ntz;fhfj;ij xj;jpUj;jy;

neUq;F Mf tr; nrq;fsj;Nj

jaq;Fk; epzg;Nghu;it %bf; nfhsf;
fUq;fhfk; ntz; fhfkha; epd;wth
Kd;G fhzhj> fhz;kpd;fNs! 487

34
 gpzq;fs; ngUthupahff; fplf;fpd;w> ,uj;jk; gutp apUf;fpd;w rpte;j
Nghu;f;fsj;jpy;> nfhOg;Gf;fSk; epiwaf; fplf;fpd;wd. gpze; jpd;d te;j fhfq;fs;>
me;j nts;spa nfhOg;Gfisg; Nghu;itahf %bf; nfhz;Ltp;l;ld. mjdhy;> fupa
fhfq;fs; ntz;zpwf; fhfq;fshfj; Njhw;wkspf;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa ntz;fhfq;fis
ePq;fs; ,jw;F Kd;G ghu;j;jpUf;fNt KbahJ. Mjyhy;> ,g;nghOJ ed;F ghUq;fs;!

Nghu;f;fsk; jhkiuf;Fsj;ij xj;jpUj;jy;

kpilAw;w Nju;nkhl;L nkhl;L xf;f>

ntk;Nrhup ePu; xf;f> tPo; njhq;fy;
ghril xf;f> mLnrq; fsk; gq;fag;
ngha;if MkhW fhz;kpd;fNsh! 488

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; Njupd; nkhl;Lf;fs; jhkiu nkhl;Lf;fisg; NghyTk;> ,uj;jk;

ePiug; NghyTk;> tPuu;fSila kapu;fs; grpa ,iyfshfpa ghrpiag; NghyTk;
fplf;fpd;wd. ,it midj;Jk; nghUe;jpf; fplf;fpd;w Nghu;f;fsk;> jhkiu
kyu;fisAila Fsj;ij xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mjidg; ghUq;fs;!

tPuu; %q;fpiy xj;jpUj;jy;

ntapy; jhiuNty; #oTk; ijf;f>

kz;Nky; tpohtPuu;> Ntok;gu; jk;
fapw;why; ,Og;Gz;L> rhahJ epw;Fk;
foha; xj;jy; fhz;kpd;fNsh! 489

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tPuu;fs; xspAk; $u;ikAk; cila Nty; fUtpfs; clk;G

KOikAk; ijf;fg;ngw;Wk; epyj;jpy; tpohJ epw;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;jf; fhl;rp> fiof;
$j;ju;fshy; mtu;fSila fapw;iwf; nfhz;L ,Oj;Jf; fl;lg;gl;Lr; rhahky;
epiyj;J epw;Fk; %q;fpiy xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ghUq;fs;!

Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; ,we;Jgl;l tPuu;fspd; cly; Fiwfs; fplf;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj;

jpd;d te;jd fOF> gUe;J Kjypa gwitfs;. tPuu;fspd; cliyg; gwitfs; gbe;J
nfhj;jpj; jpd;Dk;NghJ> mtu;fSila iffspypUe;j ,Uk;ghyhfpa Nty;fs; mOe;jpf;
Fj;Jfpd;wd. Fj;jpd typ nghWf;f Kbahky; Jd;Gw;W> gUe;Jk; fOFk; ,wFfisg;
gug;gpf; nfhz;L Rod;W Rod;W MLfpd;wd. mjidg; ghUq;fs;!

gilj;jiytu; fldhw;wy;

tUk; Nridjk; Nrid Nky;te;J cwhNk> tpy;

ths;tPuu; thzhs; cff;>
fUQ; Nrtfk; nra;J nrQ;NrhW mwr;nra;j
ifk;khW fhz;kpd;fNsh! 491

35
 tpy;iyAk; thisAk; cila gilj;jiytu;fs;> Nghupy; vjpu;j;J tUk;
giftu;gil jq;fs; gilNky; te;J mile;J mopf;fhky; ,Uj;jw; nghUl;L>
jhq;fNs Kd;dpd;W> jq;fs; tho;ehs; mopAk;gb> nfhba tPur;nray;fisg; Gupe;J>
nrQ;Nrhw;Wf; fld; fopj;Jg; gjpy; cjtpia epiwNtw;Wfpwhu;fs;. mtu;fspd;
jd;ikiag; ghUq;fs;!

ahidNky; ,Ue;J Nghu; GupAk; tPuu; xUtiu xUtu; vjpu;j;jNghJ

mtu;fSila clk;gpdpd;W ntl;Lz;l jiyfs; NkNy fpsk;gpj; Js;spf; Fjpj;Jf;
fPNo tpOfpd;wd. ,t;thW Js;sp vOk; jiyfs;> ngUikAila tPukfs; mk;khid
Ml;lj;jpy; NkNy vwpe;J tpisahLk; tpisahl;Lf; fUtpfis xj;jpUf;fpd;wd>
ghUq;fs;!

thdpy; fz;l fhl;rp

vjpu; nfhSk; Ruu; tpkhdq;fspy; Ruu;fsha;

VW khdtu;fs;jhk; vz;Zjw;F mUikapd;
fjpu; tpRk;G mjdpNy ,jdpYk; ngupaNjhu;
fhisak; tpisAkh fhz;kpNdh! 493

Njtu;fs; tpkhdq;fspy; te;J tPuu;fis vjpu; nfhz;liof;f> tPuu;fs; mtw;wpy;

Vwpr; nrd;wJk;> mg;gbr; nrd;w tPuu;fis ,t;tsT Ngu;jhk; vd;W nrhy;y
Kbatpy;iy. mt;tsT tPuu;fs; Rtu;f;fk; nrd;wdu;. mjdhy;> ,e;jf; fypq;fj;Jg;
Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; ,Ug;gijf; fhl;bYk; kpfg; ngupajhfpa xg;gw;w tPuu;fspd; $l;lk;>
xspAila NjtNyhfj;jpYk; Njhd;wpAs;sJ> ghUq;fs;!

FUjpf; fly;

mtu; ,gk; nrhup fjk;fop vdg; Gf kLj;J

mtu; gupj;jpiu miyj;J> mku; nra; fhypq;fu;jk;
ftup ntz;Eiu epiuj;J> mtu; cly; FUjpapd;
fly; gue;J XLkh fhz;kpNdh> fhz;kpNdh! 494

Nghu; GupAk; fypq;f tPuu;fspd; clk;gpdpd;Wk; ngUfpa FUjpahfpa flypy;>

ahidfs; nghope;j kjePu;> flw; fly;tha;fisg; Nghyg; GFe;J fyf;fTk;>
Fjpiufshfpa miyfs; tPrTk;> rtup vd;Dk; rhkukhfpa nts;spa Eiufs;
tupirahf kpjf;fTk;> mf; FUjpf;fly; vq;Fk; gutpNahLfpd;wjidg; ghUq;fs;!

cyfpYs;stu;fisf; fhj;J mUs;GupAk; Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod;>

Kd;ndhU fhyj;J - ,uhkdhf mtjupj;jNghJ – ngupa fly;kPJ miz mikf;f>
mtDila xg;gpy;yhj tpy;iy tisj;jhd;. mg;NghJ Fuq;Ff; $l;lq;fs; mf;
flypdplj;Nj ngupa ngupa kiyfisf; Ftpj;jd. mg;gbf; Ftpj;j kiyf;$l;lj;ijg;

36
Nghy; fupa ahidfspd; gpzq;fs; ,uj;jf; flypy; Ftpe;J fplf;fpd;wd. mjidg;
ghUq;fs;!

fUzhfud; Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tpl;l mk;Gfs;> fypq;f tPuu;fSila Nflaj;ijAk;

ftrj;ijAk; CLUtpr; nrd;W> mtu;fSila mfd;w khu;gpidAk; Jisj;Jr;
nrd;wd. mjdhy; fypq;f tPuu;> ‘fUzhfud; tpy;tpj;ij fw;w jpwe;jhd; vd;Nd
vd;Nd!’ vd;W Gfo;e;J fsj;jpy; tPo;fpd;wdu;. NkYk;> jkJ giltPuu;fisg; NghUf;Fr;
nry;y Ntz;lhk;’ vd;W jq;fs; ifahNyNa epWj;jpf; Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,jidAk; ghUq;fs;!

tPuu;jk; clyq;fs; Njtu;fis xj;jy;

tpz;zpd; nkha;j;J vO tpkhdq;fspy; Ruu;fsha;

kPJNghk; capu;fNs md;wpNa> ,d;Wjk;
fz;,ikg;G xopaNt Kf kyu;e;J> cly;fSk;
flTNshu; NghYkh fhz;kpNdh> fhz;kpNdh! 497

Nghu;f;fsj;ij neUq;fp NkNy vOe;J nry;fpd;w Njtu;fSila thD}u;jpfspy;>

Njtu;fshfp tpz;Zyfj;Jf;F ,g;NghJ NghFk; tPuu;fSila capu;fs; kl;Lky;yhky;>
mtu;fspd; clk;GfSk; Kfkyu;r;rp nfhz;L fz;fis ,ikf;fhJ ,Ue;jjhy;>
mitAk; Njtu;fis xj;jpUf;fpd;wd ghUq;fs;!

%d;whk; gpiwr; re;jpuidg; Nghd;w ngupa je;jq;fisAila>

Nghupy; ,we;Jgl;l ahidfspDila jiyahfpa Kjw;gFjpAk;> clyhfpa
gpw;gFjpAk; ntl;lg;gl;L> epyj;jpy; tPo;e;J fplf;Fk;> Fiwe;j jiyfshfpa Jz;Lfs;>
nfhy;yd; ciyapy; ,Uk;Gf; fUtpfis mbf;Fk; rk;kl;bfis xj;jpUf;fpd;wd.
ghUq;fs;!

jq;fs; thapy; GFe;j Nty;fisg; gwpj;njLg;gjw;fhf> mtw;iw tyf;ifahy;

gpbj;jtz;zk; fsj;jpy; rha;e;J fplf;Fk; tPuu;fs;> CJnfhk;ig CJfpd;wtu;fis
xj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. ghUq;fs;!

tPuu; glNfhl;bfis xj;jy;

gl Cd;W neLq; Fe;jk; khu;gpdpd;Wk;

gwpj;J> mjid epyj;JCd;wpj; Nju;Nky; epw;ghu;
glT Cd;wp tpLk; njhopNyhu; vd;d> Kd;dk;
gRq;FUjp ePu;j; Njhd;Wk; gupR fhz;kpd;! 500

tPuu;fs; jk; khu;gplj;J mOe;jg; gha;e;j ngupa Nty;fisg; gpLq;fp> mjid

epyj;jpy; Cd;wpf; FUjpahw;wpy; Nju;Nky; epw;Fk; jd;ik> glNfhl;bfs; glFfspd;

37
Nky; epd;W JLg;Gfshy; Cd;wp typj;J Mw;wpy; nry;Yjiy xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ>
ghUq;fs;!

nfhOg;ghy; %lg;ngw;w $upa mfd;w Xu; mk;igf; fsj;Js;s ,uj;j

nts;sk; ,Oj;Jr; nrd;wJ. $upa efq;fisAila gUe;J xd;W> me;j mk;igf;
nfhOg;G %ba mk;ngd;W fUjhky; nfhOg;Ng vdf; fUjpj;> jdJ Nfhzy; myfhy;
nfstpf;nfhz;L Nky;Nehf;fpg; gwe;jJ. ,t;thW mfd;w Mfhaj;jpy; mJ gwe;J
nry;Yk;NghJ me;j mk;G mjDila typa thiag; gpsf;fr; nra;Jtpl;lJ. me;j
Ntjid jhq;fhky;> mg;gUe;J epyj;jpy; tPo;e;J fplf;fpwJ. ghUq;fs;!

gpze;jpd;w G+jk; tUk; Njhw;wk;

rhJuq;fj; jiytidg; Nghu;f; fsj;jpy; te;j

jio tapw;Wg; G+jk;jhd; mUe;jp> kpf;f
rhJuq;fk; jiyRke;J> fkQ;#y; nfhz;L
jdpg;gLk; fhu; vdtUk;@ mj;jd;ik fhz;kpd;! 502

Nghu;f;fsj;Jf;F te;j gUj;j tapw;iwAila G+jkhdJ> ehy;tifg;

gilfSf;Fk; jiytdhfpa xUtdJ cliy tapW epuk;g ed;whfj; jpd;Wtpl;L>
NkYk; ,we;Jgl;l ngUthupahd Fjpiufisj; jiyapy; Rke;Jnfhz;L tUtJ> epiw
fUTila xg;gw;w rpwg;NghL Njhd;Wk; Nkfk; tUtJNghy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ ghUq;fs;!

‘ngupa kiyfs; ,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;’ vd;W fz;Nlhu; tpae;J nrhy;Yk;gb

epw;Fk;> Nghu; GupAk; ahidfisAila tPuu;fs;> xUtiu xUtu; nty;y Ke;Jk;
Nghu;f;fsj;jpy;> ‘jq;fs; KJfpy; fhak; cz;lhFNkh?’ vd;w gopf;Fg; gae;J>
Kd;Gwkhfpa khu;gpy; fhakile;J tPo;e;J fplf;fpwhu;fs;> ghUq;fs;!

tho;tpNy kl;Lk; tPuu;fspd; Nghu;kwk; gspr;rpltpy;iy@ mtu; vjpu;g;gil

kwtNuhL Nkhjpg; NghupLk; NghjpYk;> mg;gbg; Nghupl;Lf; fsj;jpNy kbe;J fplf;Fk;
epiyapYk;$l. mtu;fSila kwkhz;G gspr;rpLfpd;wJ! ,e;jr; rpwe;j jpahfj;ijAk;
tPur;nrwpitAk; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lk; rpwe;j gFjp ,J. jk; ehl;bw;fhfr;
rhtjpy; ,d;gk; fhZk; ehl;Lg;gw;wpidAk; ,jpy; fhzyhk;.

38
 njhFg;Giu

guzp ,yf;fpak; gw;wpAk;> guzp nrhw;nghUs; tpsf;fk; gw;wpAk;> fypq;fj;Jg;

guzpapd; Mrpupau;> ghl;Lilj; jiytd;> ,yf;fpar; rpwg;Gfs; Kjypad gw;wpAk;> fhL
ghbaJ> Nfhapy; ghbaJ> fsk; ghbaJ gw;wpAk; ,g;ghlg;gFjp top tpupthf
mwpayhk;.

gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;

1. guzp ,yf;fpak; gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf.

2. ghiy epyj;jpd; ,ay;ig tptup.

3. nts;shW> Nfhl;lhW gw;wp tpupthf vOJf.

4. fhspNjtpapd; ngU%r;R Vw;gLj;jpa Jd;gq;fis tptup.

5. fUzhfuj; njhz;ilkhd; fypq;f ehl;il ntd;w rpwg;ig tptup.

6. ,lhfpdp Ngaplk; fztidg; gpupe;j kfspu; $Wtij tptup.

7. fhspNfhtpiy myq;fupj;j khiyfs; Fwpj;J tptup.

8. fypq;f ehl;bypUe;J fUzhfud; ngw;w nghUl;fis tptup.

39
 myF - 3
FkuFUgu Rthkpfs; mUspa

kJiu kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;

Nehf;fk;

FkuFUguu; vd;why;> njupahj jkpoNu ,y;iy vdyhk;. me;j mstpw;Fg; Gfo;

ngw;w NguwpQu; mtu;. ,sikapNyNa ftpghLk; Mw;wy; ngw;wtu;. jpUQhd
rk;ge;jiug; Nghy;> FkuFUguUk; ,sikapNyNa ftpghbatu;. ghz;behl;Lj;
jpUitFz;lj;jpy; rz;Kf rpfhkzpf; ftpuhau;f;Fk; rptfhkp mk;ikahu;f;Fk; kfdhfg;
gpwe;jhu; FkuFUguu;.

FkuFUguu; gpwe;J Ie;J Mz;Lfs; tiu NgrhjpUe;jdu;. jpUr;nre;J}u; KUff;

flTis Ntz;bf;nfhz;ljd; gpd; FkuFUguu; Ngrj; njhlq;fpdhu;. ,d;Wk; irt
rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; rhukhf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w “fe;ju; fypntz;ghitg;” ghbdhu;
FkuFUgu;. ,tu; tljpirg; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lNghJ> ‘kJiu kPdhl;rpak;ik
gps;isj;jkpo;’ vd;Dk; E}iyg; ghbdhu;. mg;nghOJ muruhf ,Ue;j jpUkiy
ehaf;fu; me;j E}iy muq;Nfw;wk; nra;tpj;jhu;. ,tuJ fhyk; gjpNdohk;
E}w;whz;lhFk;. gps;isj;jkpo; E}y;fSf;F Kjd;Kjyhf tpj;jpl;ltu; FkuFUguNu.

kPdhl;rp mk;ik Fwk;> kPdhl;rpak;ik ,ul;il kzpkhiy> kJiuf;fyk;gk;>

ePjpnewptpsf;fk;> jpUth&u; ehd;kzpkhiy> Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpo;> rpjk;gu
Kk;kzpf;Nfhit> rpjk;gur; nra;Al;Nfhit> rptfhkpak;ik ,ul;il kzpkhiy>
gz;lhu Kk;kzpf;Nfhit> fhrpf;fyk;gfk;> rfyfyhty;yp khiy Kjypa
E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu; FkuFUguu;. gps;isj;jkpo; E}y;fSs; Kjyhf ntspte;j
gps;isj;jkpo; E}Yk;@ ngUk;Gfo; ngw;w E}Yk; xd;W cz;L vd;why; mJ
‘kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;’ E}Ny vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. mjid khztu;fs;
fw;wwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,e;E}ypd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

40
 Kd;Diu

jkpofk; KOtJk; nrd;W irtg; gapu; tsu;j;j Md;kpf cotu; FkuFUguu;.

Md;kpf E}y;fs; gy ,aw;wpAs;shu;. tlehL nrd;W fhrpapy; jq;fp> mq;Fg; gy irt
klq;fis Vw;gLj;jpr; irt tpijia Cd;wpatUk; ,tNu. mtu; fhrpf;Fr;
nrd;wNghJ> fhrpia kfk;kjpa kd;dd; Mz;L nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mtid mZff;
fiykfs; kPJ ‘rfyfyh ty;ypkhiy’ vd;Dk; E}iyg; ghb mtDf;Fg; gbj;Jf;
fhl;b> mtdJ NgUjtpapdhYk; jkJ nghUSjtpapdhYk; gy irt klq;fisAk;
Nfjhu ehju; NfhtpiyAk; fl;ba ngUik FkuFUguiuNa NrUk;. ,tu;> fhrpf;Fk;
jkpofj;Jf;Fk; te;J nrd;whu;. gpwF xU ehs; fhrpapNyNa jkJ ,d;Dapiu ePj;jhu;.

jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; rpw;wpyf;fpaf; fhyj;jpy; Kfpo;jj

; ,yf;fpa tif
gps;isj;jkpo;. ‘Fotp kUq;fpDk; fpotjhFk;’ (njhy;.nra;.82) vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpa
E}w;ghtpd; nghUisf; fUthff; nfhz;L fl;likf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpa tif ,J.
gps;isj;jkpo; ,yf;fpak; jdpnahU ,yf;fpa tifahfg; gy;fpg; ngUfr; rpwe;j
njhlf;fj;ijj; je;jtu; ngupaho;thu;. ,jid ,uh. fz;zd;> ‘gps;isj;jkpo; vDk;
ngaNuhL rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;Fk; ,yf;fpa tifapd; cUthf;fj;jpw;F Mo;thu;fspd;
mUe;jkpo;g; ghly;fspy; tUk;> fz;zidf; Fotpg; gUtj;jhdhfg; ghtpj;Jg; ghba
ghly;fNs mbg;gilahFk;. fz;zdpd; Foe;ijg; gUtj;ijj; NjD}Wk; nrhw;fshy;
Fioj;Jf; fhl;Lk; ngupaho;thu; jk; jpUnkhopapy; ghbAs;s jhyg; gUtk;> mk;Gypg;
gUtk;> nrq;fPiug; gUtk;> rg;ghzpg; gUtk;> jsu;eilg; gUtk;> mr;Nrhg; gUtk;>
Gwk;Gy;fy; gUtk;> G+r;rp fhl;ly;> KiyAz;zy;> fhJFj;jy;> ePuhl;lk;> Foy;thuf;
fhf;ifia thntdy;> Nfhy;nfhz;L thntdy;> G+r;#l;ly;> fhg;gply; Mfpa
gFjpfSk; ehr;rpahu; jpUnkhopapy; fhzyhFk; rpWkpau; fz;zidj; jk; rpw;wpy;
rpijNay; vd Ntz;Lk; ghly;fSk; gps;isj;jkpo; ,yf;fpa tif cUthf;fj;jpw;F
mbj;jskhfpd vdyhk;’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLtu;.

Foe;ij gpwe;j %d;whk; khjk; njhlq;fp ,Ugj;Njhuhk; khjk; tiu

xw;iwg;gil khjq;fisg; gUtq;fshff; nfhz;L ghlg;gLtJ gps;isj;jkpohFk;.
gd;dpU ghl;bay;>

‘gps;isg; ghl;Nl njs;spjpd; fpsg;gpd;

%d;W Kjyh %Nto; msTk;
Md;w jpq;fspd; miwFtu; epiyNa’ (g.gh.101)

vDk; E}w;ghtpd; top gps;isj; jkpopd; mikg;gpidf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

gps;isj;jkpo; Mz;ghy; gps;isj;jkpo;> ngz;ghy; gps;isj;jkpo; vd ,uz;L

tifg;gLk;. Mz;ghy; gps;isj;jkpo; fhg;G> nrq;fPiu> jhyhl;L> rg;ghzp> Kj;jk;>

41
tUif> mk;Gyp> rpw;wpy;> rpWgiw> rpWNju; Mfpa gUtq;fisAk;> ngz;ghw;
gps;isj;jkpo; Kjypy; $wg;gl;l VO gUtq;fisg; nghJthfg; ngw;W ,Wjpahf
rpw;wpy; ,ioj;jy;> rpWNrhW Mf;Fjy;> Fokfd;> Cry;> fhkd; Nehd;G Mfpatw;iwf;
nfhz;L mikAk;. ,jid>

‘fhg;nghL nrq;fPiu jhy;rg; ghzp

ahg;GW Kj;jk; tUfvd; wy;Kjy;
mk;Gyp rpw;wpy; rpWgiw rpWNju;
ek;gpa kw;wit Rw;wj; jsntd
tpsk;gpdu; nja;t eyk;ngW Gytu;’ (g.gh.102)

‘jpUe;jpa ngz;kf thapd; tpUk;gpa

gpd;du; %d;Wk; kd;DfePf; nfd;wdu;’ (g.gh.104)

‘rpw;wpy; ,ioj;jy; rpWNrh whf;fy;

nghw;gku; Fokfd; Gidkzp Cry;
Mz;B uhwjpy; vopw;fhkd; Nehd;nghL
Ntz;Ljy; jhDs tpsk;gpdu; Gytu;’ (g.gh.105)

vd;Dk; E}w;ghf;fspd; top mwpayhk;.

mfty;> tpUj;jk;> fypg;gh> fyptpUj;jk;> g/nwhil ntz;gh Mfpa ahg;Gfs;

gps;isj;jkpo; ghl Vw;wit vd>

‘mfty; tpUj;jKk; fl;lis nahypAk;

fypapd; tpUj;jKk; ftpd;ngW ghNt’ (g.gh.110)

‘gps;isg; ghl;Nl neLntz; ghl;nldj;

njs;spjpw; nrg;Gk; GytUk; csNu’ (g.gh.111)

‘Kjw;fz; vLf;Fk; mfty; tpUj;jk;

vOj;jpd; gFjp vz;zpdu; nfhsNy’ (g.gh.112)

vd;Dk; E}w;ghf;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. rpjk;gug; ghl;bay;> ,yf;fz tpsf;fk;>

njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk;> Kj;JtPupak;> gpuge;j jPgpif> Rthkpehjk; Mfpa ghl;bay;
E}y;fSk; gps;isj;jkpopd; ,yf;fzj;ij tpupthfg; NgRfpd;wd. gUtj;jpw;Fg; gj;Jg;
ghly;fis vy;iyahff; nfhz;L ,t;tpyf;fpak; mikfpwJ.

fhg;Gg;gUtk; : jpUkhy;> rptd;> gpuk;kd;> tpehafd;> KUfd;> #upad;> tLfd;>

fd;dpkhu;fs;> ,e;jpud;> rhj;jd;> FNgud;> ePyp> Kg;gj;J %d;W Njtu;fs;> jpUkfs;>

42
fiykfs;> re;jpud; vd;Dk; gjpdhW Njtu;fis mikj;Jf; Foe;ijiaf; fhf;FkhW
ghLtJ fhg;Gg; gUtkhFk;. fhg;Gg;gUtk; Foe;ijapd; %d;whk; khjj;jpy; ghlg;gLk;.

nrq;fPiug;gUtk; : ,uz;L iffisAk; jiuapy; Cd;wpf;nfhz;L fhy;fspy; xd;iw

tisj;Jj; jiuapy; gLkhW ,Ue;J xUfhiyg; gpd;Ndhf;fp ePl;bathW jiyia
NkYk; fPOk; mirAkhW Ml;bf; Foe;ij NgRk; nghUsw;w nrhw;fis> nrq;fPiu
vdf;nfhz;L ,g;gUtk; tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;Lg; gilf;fg; gLfpwJ. Ie;jhk;khjk;
ghlg;gLk;.

jhyg;gUtk; : jhy; + Ml;L ehit mirj;Jg; ghLtJ jhyhl;L. Foe;ijiaj;

njhl;bypy; fplj;jpg; ghLtJ. Foe;ij cwq;Fk; nghUl;Lg; ghLtjhf ,g;gUtg;
ghly;fs; mikAk; ,g;gUtk; Vohk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

rg;ghzpg; gUtk; : Foe;ij jd;Dila ,uz;L iffisAk; Nru;j;Jj; jl;b xyp

vOg;Gfpd;w moifg; ghLnghUshff; nfhz;lJ rg;ghzpg; gUtk;. ,g;gUtj;jpd;
ghly;fs; Foe;ijia Nehf;fpr; rg;ghzp nfhl;LkhW Ntz;Ltijg; nghUshff;
nfhz;lit xd;gjhk; khjj;jpy; ghlg;gLk;.

Kj;jg; gUtk; : Foe;ijaplk; Kj;jk; jUkhW Ntz;LtJ. Foe;ijapd; rpwg;Gfis

vy;yhk; vLj;Jf; $wpf; fdpNghd;w ,johy; Kj;jk; Nfl;gJ ,g;gUtj;jpd;
nghUsikjp. gjpNdhuhk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

tUifg; gUtk; : Foe;ijia tUkhW mioj;Jg; ghLtJ. thuhid

vd;Wk; ,g;gUtk; miof;fg;gLk;. gjpd;%d;whk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

mk;Gypg; gUtk; : epyitf; Foe;ijAld; tpisahl miof;Fk; gUtk;. re;jpud;

tpisahl te;jhy; ,d;d ed;ik fpilf;Fk;. tuhtpl;lhy; epyTf;F ,d;d Jd;gk;
NeUk; vd;Dk; tifapy; ghly;fs; mikAk;. gjpide;jhk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

rpw;wpy; gUtk; : kzy; tPLfl;b tpisahLk; rpWngz;fs; jiytid Nehf;fp vk;

rpwpa kzy; tPLfisr; rpijf;f Ntz;lhk; vdf; $Wk; nghUs; mikjpapy; mikAk;.
gjpNdohk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

rpWgiwg; gUtk; : ghl;Lilj; jiytidr; rpWgiw nfhl;LkhW Ntz;LtJ.

gj;njhd;gjhk; khjj;jpy; ghlg;gLk;.

rpWNju;g; gUtk; : Foe;ijiaj; Nju; cUl;b tpisahLkhW ghLtJ. ,Ugj;J

xd;whk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

foq;F (ngz;ghw; gps;isj; jkpOf;FupaJ) : foq;Ffs; itj;J MLk; foq;fpidg;

nghUshff; nfhz;L ,g;gUtk; mikAk; gjpNdhuhk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

43
mk;khid (ngz;ghw; gps;isj; jkpOf;FupaJ) : %d;W ngz;fs; $b tpisahLk;
mk;khidf; fha; tpisahl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Foe;ijia mk;khid Ml
Ntz;Lk; vd;w nghUspy; mikAk;. gj;njhd;gjhk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

Cry; (ngz; ghw;gps;isj; jkpOf;FupaJ) : ghl;Lilj; jiytpia CQ;ryhLkhW

Ntz;Lk; gUtk; ,Ugj;Njhuhk; khjk; ghlg;gLk;.

gps;isj;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; fp.gp. gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; Njhd;wp

tsuj; jiyg;gl;ld. jkpo; ,yf;fpaf; fsj;jpy; E}w;W Ik;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l
gps;isj;jkpo; E}y;fs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd. gps;isj;jkpo; E}y;fspy; KjyhtJ
ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp xl;lf;$j;ju; ,aw;wpa FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; gps;isj;jkpohFk;. ,J
gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; gilf;fg;gl;lJ. njhlu;;e;J fp.gp. gjpNdohk; E}w;whz;by;
FkuFUguuhy; gilf;fg;gl;l kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;> Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp
gps;isj;jkpo;> me;jff;ftp tPuuhftuhy; gilf;fg;gl;l NrA+u; KUfd; gps;isj;jkpo;>
Jiwkq;fyk; rptg;gpufhr Rthkpfshy; gilf;fg;gl;l rptQhd ghiya Rthkpfs;
gps;isj;jkpo;> gbf;fhRg;Gytu; ,aw;wpa rpte;njOe;j gy;ytd; gps;isj;jkpo;>
rptQhd Kdptu; 18Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,aw;wpa mKjhk;gpid gps;isj;jkpo;>
gfopf;$j;ju; ,aw;wpa jpUr;nre;J}u; gps;isj;jkpo; Kjyhd E}y;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.

kJiu kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;

Kj;jkpOk; rpwg;Gw;wpUf;Fk; $ly; khefuhk; kJiuapy; Nfhapy; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

kPdhl;rp mk;gpifiag; ghl;Lilj; jiytpahff; nfhz;L FkuFUguuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l
E}y; kJiu kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;> fhyk; gjpNdohk; E}w;whz;L. FkuFUguu;
ney;iy khtl;lk; jpUitFz;lj;jpy; irt Ntshsu; kugpy; Njhd;wpdhu;. ngw;Nwhu;
rz;Kfrpfhkzpf;ftpuhau;> rptfhkp mk;gpif. FkuFUguu; gpwe;J Ie;jhk; taJ tiu
tha;Ngr ,ayhj %q;ifg; gps;isahf ,Ue;jhu;. jpUr;nre;J}u; KUfd; mUshy;
NgRk; rf;jp ngw;W KUfd; kPJ fe;ju;fypntz;gh ghbdhu;. KUfd; ,tu;; fdtpy;
Njhd;wp ‘FkuFUgu’ vd;W mioj;jikahy; mg;ngaNu mtUf;F epiyngw;wJ.
jpUitFz;lj;jpy; ciwAk; ,iwtd; kPJ fapiyf; fyk;gfj;ijAk; kPdhl;rp
mk;gpifapd; kPJ kJiu kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj; jkpioAk; ghbAs;shu;.

ePjpnewp tpsf;fk;> jpUth&u; ehd;kzpkhiy> rpjk;gu Kk;kzpf;Nfhit> rpjk;gu

nra;Al;Nfhit> ,ul;ilkzpkhiy> Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpo;> irtrpj;jhe;j
rpWfhg;gpak; vdg;gLk; gz;lhu kzpf;Nfhit> rfyfyh ty;ypkhiy> fhrpf;fyk;gfk;
vd;gd ,tUila gilg;Gfs; fhrpapy; ,iwtNdhL fye;J Kf;jp ngw;whu;.
FkuFUguuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l kJiu kPdhl;rpak;ik gp;s;isj;jkpo; ngz;ghw; gps;isj;
jkpohFk;. kJiuapy; Nfhapy; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mq;faw;fz;zpahfpa
kPdhl;rpak;gpifiag; ghl;Lilj; jiytpahff; nfhz;L fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tpehafu; tzf;fk; 1 ghly;> fhg;Gg;gUtk; 12 ghly;fs;> Vida gUtq;fs; 10
ghly;fs; tPjk; E}ypy; 103 ghly;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

44
 ghlk; - 3

fhg;G
tpehaff; flTs;

1. fhu;nfhz;l fTs;kjf; filnts;s Kq;fl;

filf;filf; fdYk; vy;iy
flthJ jlTf; Fior;nrtp Kfe;newp
filf;fhy; jpul;l vq;Nfhd;

kPdhl;rp mk;ikapd; kPJ ghlg;gLfpd;w gps;isj;jkpo; E}y; ed;whf tsu;j;J

rpwf;FkhW> vk; ,iwtdhfpa rptngUkhdpd; Nghu;j;njhopy; GupAk; vl;Lj; Njhs;fspy;
mzpe;jpUf;fpd;w ntz;ikepwk; nghUe;jpa jpUePw;iwj; jd; fhy;fshy; kpjpj;Jg;
GOjpahf;fp tpisahLk; xg;Gik $w ,ayhj mapuhtj ahid vd;W $WkhW
cyTfpd;w Nghu; nra;Ak; jd;ikajhfpa ahid Kff;flTspd; Nkd;ik kpf;f
jpUtbfis tzq;FNthk;.

E}y;

1. fhg;Gg; gUtk;
jpUkhy;

2. kzpnfhz;l neLNekp tyQ; Rke;jhw;W

khRzr; #l;LNkhl;L
gokiwfs; Kiwaplg; ige;jkpo;g; gpd;nrd;w
gr;irg; gRq;nfhz;lNy.

goikahd Ntjq;fs; Fiw$wpg; gpd; nry;yTk;> ,dpik nghUe;jpa

jkpo;g;ghlypd; gpd; nrd;wtdhfpa gRikAk; Nkfj;jpd; epwj;ijAk; nfhz;l jpUkhy;>
vk; ,iwtdhfpa rptngUkhDld; muR tPw;wpUf;Fk; mofhd fay;kPd; Nghd;w
fz;fis cila mKjk; Nghd;wtis> ngz;fspd; murpahf tpsq;Fgtis> vk;
md;idia ,dpikahff; fhj;jUs;f.

rptngUkhd;

3. rpfu tltiu Fdpa epkpu;jU

nrUtpy; xUnghU tpy;nydf; Nfhl;bdu;
nrbnfhs; gwpjiy mkzu; vjpnujpu;
nrynthu; kjiynrhy; itifapw; $l;bdu;
kJuk; xOfpa jkpopd; ,ay;gapy;
kJiu kufj ty;ypiaf; fhf;fNt.

45
 ntz;jhkiu kyupy; tPw;wpUg;gtshfpa fiykfSk;> nre;jhkiuapd;Nky;
tPw;wpUf;Fk; ,yf;FkpAk;> jpUg;ghw;flypy; Njhd;wpa mKjk; Nghd;wtis>
jkpo;nkhopapy; jz;zpa ,ay;Gld; gofpapUf;fpd;w kJiuapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk;
kufjty;ypiaf; fhg;gjw;fhf> Ntjnewpg; ghliyj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;ltUk;>
tzq;fg; ngWfpd;w nts;spak;gyj;jpy; jpUeldkpLk; rptdpd; guj ehl;baj;Jld;
$ba ,uz;L jpUtbfisAk; kdj;jpy; gjpj;J tzq;FNthk;.

rpj;jptpehaff; flTs;

4. ifj;jy NkhbU fulf; fiuj;jpiu

ff;Ff lhKilf; flypw; Fspj;njku;

Kj;jkpioAk; njspthf czu;fpd;wtUk; kJiu efupy;

vOe;jUspapUf;fpd;wtUkhfpa %d;W Kiyfs; cila ngz;zhfpa
kPdhl;rpak;ikiaf; fhf;FkhW Jk;gpf;ifAld; ,uz;L fhJfspd; mbfspYk; cs;s
kbg;gpy; miy tPRfpd;w kjePu; nghopAk; flypy; Fspj;J vk;Nghd;w mbatu;fspd;
kdk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w fl;Lj;jwpapy; fl;lg;gLfpd;w rpj;jp tpehafg; ngUkhdpd;
Gfior; rpwg;ghfg; NgRNthkhf.

KUff; flTs;

5. aku kLg;gf; flhbkLj; J}w;WNkhu;

gfL elj;jpg; GNyhkirr; #w;Gay;

#upaDk; re;jpuDk; mlu;e;j ,Uis milAkhW tplj;ij cz;L jd;

fOj;jpy; tplk; epd;WtpLkhW mUs; toq;fpa nrhf;fehjuhfpa rptngUkhdf;F
Miria cz;lhf;Fk; nghUl;L kPdhl;rpak;ikahfpa Foe;ijiaf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L>
nja;tahid vd;Dk; ,sk;ngz; kzk; ngw;wpUf;fTk;> kapy;fs; Njhif tpupj;jhLk;
Fspu;r;rpahd jpidg;Gdk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk; kiyr;rhuypy; nrd;W rpwpa Fwtu;fspd;
rpwpa Fbirapy; Njhd;wpa ts;spahfpa ngz;Zf;F tzf;fk; nra;Ak; nghUl;L Vq;fp
epd;w Fkuid tzf;fk; nra;Nthk;.

2. nrq;fPiug; gUtk;

1. ePuhl;b Ml;Lnghw; Rz;ze; jpkpu;e;js;sp

new;wpapy; njhl;bl;l
njd;dw;Fk; mk;nghd;kiy kd;dw;Fk; xUnry;tp
nrq;fPiu MbaUNs.

xg;Gik $w ,ayhj rpte;j jhkiukyu; Nghd;w thapy; fdpe;J CWfpd;w

Njd; gl;lhilia eidf;fTk; rpwg;Gr; nra;J Kj;jk; ,Lfpd;w gr;irf;fpspNa!

46
kiyaj;Jtr ghz;baDf;Fk; ,kakiy kd;dd; ,kthDf;Fk; xg;Gik $w Kbahj
jpUkfs; Nghyj; Njhd;wpatNs! nrq;fPiu MbaUs;f.

2. cz;zpyh ctifg; ngUq;fsp JSk;gepd;

Wd;wpUj; jhijepd;id.

kdj;jpy; xspu;fpd;w mjpfkhd kfpo;r;rp jJk;g epw;Fk; cd; je;ijahu; ifia

tisj;J cd;id tUthahf vd;W miog;gjw;F> gRik epwk; nghUe;jpa kapNy!
nrq;fPiu Mb mUs;thahf. njd;dtdhd ghz;baDf;Fk;> NkUkiyapd; kd;dUf;Fk;
kfshf tha;j;jtNs nrq;fPiu MbaUs;f.

3. Rw;WneL Nekpr; Rtu;f;fpira vl;Lr;

Rtu;f;fhy; epWj;jpNkUj;
J}nzhd;W eLel;L ntspKfL %bapU
Rlu;tpsf; fpl;LKw;w.

rf;fuths kiyahfpa RtUf;Fg; gf;fgykhf vl;Lkiyfis epw;fr; nra;J

NkUkiyahfpa J}iz eLtpy; epiyngwr; nra;J> Mfhakhfpa ntsp
cr;rpia %br; #upad; re;jpud; Mfpa ,uz;L xspjuf;$ba tpsf;Ffis mikj;J>
cyif %Lk; rpWtPL fl;b tpisahLfpd;w ,sikAld; tpsq;Ffpd;w gr;irg;ngz;
Foe;ijNa! nrq;fPiu MbaUs;f. njd;dtdhfpa ghz;baDf;Fk; NkUkiyapd;
kd;du;f;Fk; kfshf tha;j;jtNs! nrq;fPiu MbaUs;f.

4. nrq;fay; fplf;Fk; fUq;fl; gRe;Njhif

nrq;fPiu MbaUNs
njd;dw;Fk; mk;nghd;kiy kd;dw;Fk; xUnry;tp
nrq;fPiu MbaUNs
njz;zwh mUtpgha; kJiuku futy;yp
nrq;fPiu MbaUNs.

,Us; tpsq;Ffpd;w fOj;jpid cila NrhkRe;juf; flTshfpa

rptngUkhDf;Ff; filf;fz;zhy; ghu;f;fpd;w mofhd ghu;itapy; Njhd;wpa ,d;g
nts;sKk;> vg;NghJk; ,ir ePq;fhky; ghLk; tupfs; nfhz;l fOj;jpid cila
tz;Lfs; cz;ZkhW ,dpik nghUe;jpa jhkiu kyupy; ,Ue;J Njd; mUtp topAk;
kJiuapy; Nfhapy; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kufj ty;ypNa nrq;fPiu MbaUs;f.
ghz;baDf;Fk; kiyaj;JtrDf;Fk; kfshf mtjupj;j nry;tpNa! nrq;fPiu
MbaUs;f.

47
 3. jhyg; gUtk;

1. jkpo;kJiuf;
fuNr jhNyh jhNyNyh
mUs;#w; nfhz;l mq;faw;fz;
mKNj jhNyh jhNyNyh.

ghz;ba kd;ddhy; tsu;f;fg;gl jkpo;nkhop Njhw;wk; ngw;w nghjpifkiyapy;

jkpNohL Njhd;wpa njd;wy; fhw;W tPRtJk;> nghd;epwkhd cr;rpf; nfhz;iliag;
ngw;w md;dg; gwitfs; epiwe;J tpsq;Fk; tsk; kpf;f kJiuapy; cs;s murpNa!
jhNyh jhNyNyh. mUs; toq;Fk; mofhd fay;kPd; Nghd;w f;zfis cilatNs!
mKjk; Nghd;wtNs! jhNyh jhNyNyh.

2. mUs;#w; nfhz;l mq;faw;fz;

mKNj jhNyh jhNyNyh.

neUg;ig %l;ba cr;rpAila mLg;gpy; nropg;ghd mbg;gFjpia cila

gtsf;nfhbahfpa tpwfpid mLf;fp ,dpikahd Fspu;e;j Njid ej;ijf; $l;by;
ciyahf Cw;wp Kj;jhfpa muprpia ciyapy; ,l;L tbj;J vLj;J taypy; Ntiy
nra;fpd;w cotu; kfspu; $l;lk; rpWNrhW rikf;Fk; Fspu;r;rp nghUe;jpa ngupa
gz;izfis cila kJiu efupd; murpNa! jhNyh jhNyNyh.

3. fiyntz; kjpapd; Kay;jltpf;

fjpu;kPd; fw;iw jpiuj;Jjwp.

nja;tj;jd;ik kpf;f fq;if Mw;wq;fiuapy; cs;s fw;gfg; G+Q;Nrhiy

mike;j fopKfj;ijf; fle;J> xspkpf;f el;rj;jpuf; $l;lj;ijr; rpiujj;J vwpe;J>
Rwh kPd;fNshL tpisahLk; tay;fis cila kJiuf;F muNr! mUs;
nfhz;ltNs! jhNyh jhNyNyh.

4. CWq; fulf; flj;JKfe;

J}w;W kjkh kltpau;epd;.

kjePiur; rpe;Jk; ahidapd; Xl;lj;ijg; ngz;fspd; $e;jypy; ,Ue;J cjpUk;

kfue;jk; jiuapy; gbtjdhy; Fq;Fkr;NrW tOf;fp> xypnra;J miytPrp Eiu t;eJ
ngupa Mwhfr; nry;fpd;w tsk;kpf;f kJiu efUf;F muNr! mUs;nfhz;l ghu;it
cilatNs! jhNyh jhNyNyh.

5. #l;Lg; glg;ig Nka;e;Jfjpu;g;

Nghu;f;Fd; NwWq; fUKfpiy.

48
 ney; Ftpaypd; glg;ig Nka;e;J fjpu;fs; cila Nghupd; Nky; VWk;
kioNkfj;ij ntz;ik epwkhd thapid cila cotu;fs; gpizahff;
fl;lg;gl;Ls;s Nghu; nra;Ak; nfhk;Gfis cila vUikf; flhTld; Nru;j;J ,bf;f
tha;tpl;L ,bapd; xyp Kof;fk; GupAk; tay;fis cila jkpo; gapYk; kJiuf;F
murpNa! mUs;ghu;it nfhz;ltNs! mq;faw; fz;zpahfpa mKNj! jhNyh jhNyNyh.

4. rg;ghzpg; gUtk;

1. jhstl; lq;nfhl;L ifg;ghzp xg;gnthU

rg;ghzp nfhl;baUNs
jkpnohL gpwe;Jgo kJiuapy; tsu;e;jnfhb
rg;ghzp nfhl;baUNs.

rptngUkhd; nra;Ak; J}a;ikahd gTupf; $lj;Jf;F ,zq;f xd;W Nru;e;J

gUkdhd tl;lj;jdj;jpw;F xg;ghd tl;lkhfpa jhsk; mbf;fpd;w xOq;fhd xypf;F
Neuhf xg;Gik $w ,ayhj if nfhl;baUs;tha;. jkpo;nkhopAld; Njhd;wp
kJiuapy; tsu;fpd;w nfhbNghd;wtNs! rg;ghzp nfhl;b mUs;thahf.

2. nka;te;j ehzpndhL Ejy;te; njOq;FW

ntau;g;gpndh Lapu;g;GtPq;Fk;.

cd;Dila nrOik ngw;w %d;W Kiyfspy; nrd;W rpwe;j xOf;fKila

cd; fztUld; cs;sk; fye;j fhuzj;jhy; neQ;Rf;Fs; xLq;fptpl> Fdpe;j jiy
Kiyapd; Edpia Nehf;f> cd; filg;ghu;it mKjk; ngUf;fTk;> jkpOld; gpwe;J
kJiuapy; tsu;e;j nfhbNa! rg;ghzp nfhl;baUs;f.

3. fhe;js;nrq; fkyj;j fOePu; kze;njdf;

fz;nghj;jp tpisahbAk;

rpW Rl;bfspy; kz; ,l;Lr; rikj;j rpWNrhW Mf;fpa

tpisahl;Lk;> ,iwj;jd;ik nghUe;jpapUf;fpd;w gr;irf;fpspiaf; ifapy; Ve;jp>
nre;jhkiu Nghd;w fuq;fs; xsp juTk; rg;ghzp nfhl;b mUs;f. jkpOld; gpwe;J
kJiuapy; tsu;e;j nfhbNghd;wtNs! rg;ghzp nfhl;baUs;f.

4. tpupe;jjkpo; ehLk;new;wpf;
fz;zspf; FQ;Re; juf;flTs; nghypAkW
vk; ,iwtdpd; mofpa gLf;ifiaj; njhl;byhff; nfhz;L gz;
jUk; ,irAld; $ba koiy nkhopahfpa mKjk; xOFk; vr;rpyhfpa Njd; ngUfpf;
fple;J mirAk; ,sikahd Foe;ijNa! jkpnohL gpwe;J kJiuapy; tsu;e;j
nfhbNa! rg;ghzp nfhl;baUs;f.

49
5. njz;jpiu nfhopj;njwpa ntz;jpiu neUg;G+l;L
nja;tf; Foe;ijiar;nrq; Nfhyhl;L

Foe;ijahfpa KUfidr; nrk;ik epwkhfj;jpuz;L mirAk; cd;Dila rpwpa

fhypy; gLf;fitj;J> ePuhl;b> rpwpa khzpf;ff; fw;fs; gjpf;fg;gl;l njhl;bapy; gLf;f
itj;J ehf;if mirj;Jg; ghb Ml;Lfpd;w iffshfpa jhkiufisf; Ftpj;J
mk;ikNa! rg;ghzp nfhl;b mUs;f.

5. Kj;jg; gUtk;

1. fhyj;njhLfw; gidfle;j
fUT+ yj;Jg; gok;ghlw;
fiykhr; nry;tu; Njbitj;j
flTs; kzpNa.

fhyj;ijAk; fw;gidiaAk; fle;J epw;Fk; nghd; Ngioapy; gok;ghly;fshfpa

gy nghUs;fisr; Nru;j;j ngupa nry;tu;fs; Njb itj;jpUf;fpd;w nja;t kzpNa!
epyT> #upad;> neUg;G vd;Dk; %d;W fz;fshfpa xspfSf;F tpUe;jspf;Fk; %d;W
Kiyfis cilatNs! Kj;jk; jUf.

2. cUfp cUfp nef;Fnef;Fs;

cile;J frpe;jpl; lRk;G+Wk;

kdk; ,sfp ,sfp nefpo;r;rp nfhz;L kdk; cile;J md;Gf;frpT ngUFfpd;w

vOgpwtpAk; njhlu;e;J md;igf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mbahu;fspd; kdf;Fsj;jpy; Ruf;Fk;
mUs;nts;sNk! %d;W fz;fshfpa Rlu;fSf;Fk; tpUe;JjUk; %d;W Kiyfis
cilatNs! Kj;jk; jUthahf.

3. nre;jh kiuAk; gRq;fOj;Jf;

File;j fkQ;#w; rq;FnkhO
nfhspa fKFk;

epytpd; Edpapdhy; cog;gl;l nghd;Nghd;w rpwpa ghjq;fSf;Fj; Njhw;w

nre;jhkiu kyUk;. ,k;ikf;Fk; kWikf;Fkhd ,d;gq;fs; midj;ijAk;
jUfpd;wtNs! cd;Dila fdpNghd;w thapd; Kj;jj;ijj; je;jUs;f. %d;W
Rlu;fSf;Fk; xspjUk; %d;W Kiyfis cilatNs! Kj;jk; je;jUs;f.

4. thdj; juR Nfhapy;tsu;

rpe;jh kzpAk; tlGyj;jhu;
ej;jk; tsu

50
 ,e;jpudpd; muz;kidapy; ,Uf;fpd;w xsp Fiwahj ,ay;Gila rpe;jhkzpAk;>
FNgudpd; efupy; jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; rq;f epjp> gJk epjp vd;Dk; ,uz;L kzpfSk;>
jpUkhypd; khu;gpy; mzpe;jpUf;fpd;w nfsj;Jg kzpAk; vd;Dk; ,tw;iw> jhNa
vdf;Fj; je;jUshNj! %d;W Rlu;fSf;Fk; xspjUk; %d;W Kiyfisf;
nfhz;bUg;gtNs! Kj;jk; je;jUs;thahf.

5. me;jz; nghjpaj; jlQ;rhuy;

mUtp nrhupAq; Fspu;Kj;Jk;

Fkupj; JiwKfj;jpy; cz;lhfpd;w Kj;Jk;> rpg;gpf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; Kj;Jk;>

mUtpfs; jUfpd;w Kj;Jk; Nghd;w cd;Dila fdpNghd;w thapdhy; Kj;jk;
je;jUs;f.

6. tUifg; gUtk;

1. kzpE} Guj;jtpOk; nkd;Fuw; NfhtirAk;

kleilf; Nfhnjhlu;e;Jd;

eP elf;fpd;w Nghnjy;yhk; cd; nrk;gQ;rpf; Fok;G Njha;e;jpUf;Fk; fhybj;

jlk; gl;L> kzpNkfiy vd;Dk; ,il mzp xyp vOg;g> mofhd kyu;f;nfhj;ijg;
Nghd;wtNs! fw;gf; fhLNghy tpsq;Fk; flk;g tdj;jpy; tpsq;Ffpd;w mq;faw;fz;zp
mk;gpifNa! tUthahf.

2. khdjj; jlkyu;g; nghw;Nfhapy; Fbnfhz;l

khzpf;f ty;yptpy;Nts;
Jz;LgL kjpEjy; NjhifnahLk;

,yf;FkpAk;> fiykfSk;> jhkiu kyupy; GFe;J nfhs;sr; rptkzk; fkOkhW

mbahu;fspd; kdj;jpy; vOe;jUspapUf;fpd;w khzpf;f ty;ypNa! kJiuapy;
vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; Njhif cila kapy; Nghd;wtNs! tUf. flk;gtdj;jpy;
vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; mq;faw;fz;zpNa! tUf.

3. nja;tf; faw;nfhbfs; jpirjpir vLj;njdj;

jpf;nfl;L Kl;lntbNgha;f;

jhahfpa eP cyfk; KOtJk; ntw;wpngw;W te;j ehspy; nja;tj;jd;ik

cila kPd;nfhbia jpirfs; vl;Lk; vLj;jijg;Nghy> vl;Lj;jpirfSk; Kl;LkhW
Fjpj;Jf; fay; kPd; gha;fpd;w tug;Gfs; neUq;fpa ngupa tay; ,lq;fis cila
jkpo; tsu;j;j kJiuf;Ff; fhtydhfpa ghz;badpd; kfNs! fw;gff; fhl;by;>
flk;gkur; Nrhiyapy; tsu; mq;faw;fz;zpNa! tUf.

51
4. fw;gfh ltpapy; fk;gh ltpg;nghyp
faw;fzh afptUfNt.

Kj;Jfs; gjpj;j Nkfj;ij Milahfj; jd; new;wpapy; Rw;Wk; kjk; nghUe;jpa

fz;fisAk; ,sikahd gps;isahiug; ngw;w flk;g tdj;jpYk; tho;fpd;w
mq;faw;fz; ehafpNa! tUf.

5. fw;gfh ltpapy; fk;gh ltpg;nghyp

faw;fzh afptUfNt.

xsp tPRk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; jpupfpd;w mfd;w thdj;jpy; nry;Yfpd;w

nja;tj;jd;ikAila Iuhtjkhfpa ahidapd; KJfpy; tPw;wpUf;fpd;w ,e;jpuhzpf;F>
rpwe;j Nrhiyfs; #o;e;j kJiuapy; tsu;fpd;w ghz;bad; kfNs! tUf. fw;gfr;
NrhiyapYk; flk;g tdj;jpYk; tho;fpd;w mq;faw;fz;zpNa! tUf.

7. mk;Gypg; gUtk;

1. fz;LgL rPujd; whjyhy; ,tSld;

mk;GyP MlthNt
Mzpg;nghd; tpy;ypGzu; khzpf;f ty;ypAld;
mk;GyP MlthNt.

fw;fz;L Nghy ,dpikahd koiy nkhopNgRk; ,sik nghUe;jpa

fpspahfpa ,tSf;Ff; fyhNgjk; vd;W cd;idf; fiyfSk; Ntjq;fSk;
KiwapLtijg; ghu;j;Njh my;yJ fiyr;nry;tk; vd;W mwpe;Njh> jiytpahfpa ,ts;
cd;id miof;Fk; jd;ikiag; ngw;wha;. Mifapdhy; re;jpuNd! ,tSld;
tpisahl tUf!

2. Mzpg;nghd; tpy;ypGzu; khzpf;f ty;ypAld;

mk;GyP MlthNt.

Njtu;fspd; $l;lk; jd; ,dj;Jld; frf;fpg;gpope;J Ritj;J ckpo;e;j rf;if eP

vd;Wk;> xU ehs; G+Tyfpy; cs;stu;fs; cd;idg; ghu;f;ff; $lhJ vd;W ,fo
Mfhaj;jpy; el;rj;jpuq;fSld; jpupfpd;w cd;idg; Nghd;wtUf;F ngupa ghtj;ijg;
Nghf;ff;$baJ kJiu jtpu NtW ,y;iy. epyNt! eP tpisahl tUthahf.

3. xz;Kfj; njhOFjpU toiff; ftu;e;Jnfhz;

NlhbdJ epw;fkw;iw

fPw;Wg; Nghyg; gpiwahf epyT Njhd;Wfpd;w fhyj;jpy; xsp nghUe;jpa

new;wpapd; moiff; ftu;e;J> kPdhl;rp mk;gpifapd; Kf moiff; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;L

52
Xba Fw;wk; cd;dplk; ,Uf;f> kwe;J cd;id miof;fpd;whs; vdpy; mk;ikapd;
mUis vLj;Jiuf;f KbANkh! mk;gpifAld; tpisahl mk;GypNa! tUthahf.

4. mz;lgfp uz;lKk; mfz;lKk; ngWjpahy;

mk;GyP MlthNt.

thd;KOtJk; njupAkhW eP ,Ug;gjdhy; rptdpd; jiyapy; ,Ug;gha; vdpy;

mq;F Rw;wpapUf;Fk; ghk;gpdhy; mr;rk;nfhz;L Japy; ,og;gha;. vk; jiytpiar;
Nru;e;jhy; mz;lq;fisAk; mjidj; jhz;b cs;s mz;lq;fisAk; mJjtpu vy;yh
cyfq;fisAk; ngWtha;. mjdhy; mk;GyP! tpisahl tUthahf!

5. ntz;zpyT nghoptJ fpilj;jid kLj;jpts;

tpopf;fil nfhopj;j fUiz

fzf;fpy;yhj cyfq;fis vy;yhk; fle;J ,tSila GfohdJ

vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; epiwe;jpUg;gJ mt;ntspapy; eP rpwpjsT ms;spf; nfhz;L
ntz;ikahd xspAila ,ay;gpidg; ngw;wha;. G+kpf;F eP xsp jUtJk;
mk;ikapdhy; ngw;w mUshy;jhd;> rptDld; ,ize;jpUf;fpd;w khzpf;f ty;ypAld;
mk;GyP! eP tpisahl tUthahf.

8. mk;khidg; gUtk;

1. Mfq; fye;njhUtu; ghfk; gfpu;e;jngz;

mk;khid MbaUNs.

mUtp ghAk; itifahw;Wj; Jiwfis cila jiytpNa! mk;khid

MbaUs;thahf. rptDld; fye;J xU ghfkha; epd;w ngz;Nz mk;khid
MbaUs;thahf.

2. tpisahL kofspW filtha;f; Fjl;lKif

tpz;lmk; ige;JNfhj;j

jhNa! cd; ntz;ik epwkhd mk;khidapy; cd; fz;fshfpa fay;kPd;fs;

gha;e;J> ahidf; $l;lk; ,J vd;W Nkff;$l;lj;ij Kl;b tpisahLfpd;w> fUk;G
tpy;iyj; jhq;fpapUf;Fk; mgpNlf ty;ypNa! mk;khid MbaUs;f. rptDld; fye;J
jdf;nfd xUghfk; nfhz;ltNs! mk;khid MbaUs;f.

3. fs;Sw cs;Ns frpe;J}W ige;Njwy;

mk;khid MbaUNs.

mk;ikag;guhfpa ePq;fs; ,UtUk; tPw;wpUf;Fk; cr;rpf;FNky; gd;dpuz;L

mq;Fyj;jpw;F Nky; cs;s ntspaplj;jpy; J}f;fk; ,y;yhkNyNa J}q;fp ck; md;gpy;

53
cUFk; mbahu;fspd; vYk;G cUf> mk;khid MbaUs;f. kdj;jpy; frpe;JtUk;
Njd;Nghd;wtNs! mk;khid MbaUs;f!

4. kiygl;l MuKk; tapuKk; gpwTkh

khkzpj; jpuisthup

xyp vOg;Gk; mUtp ngUfp kiyapy; cs;s Kj;J> tapuk;> khzpf;fk;

Mfpatw;wpd; Ftpaiy ms;spf; nfhz;L XLtjw;F ,lkhd itifahw;Wj;
Jiwfis cila rpwfike;j ngz; md;dNk! mk;khid MbaUs;thahf.

5. jkuhd epd;Jizr; Nrbaupy; xUrpyu;

jlf;ifapd; vLj;jhLepd;

cd;Dila Njhopfs; ifapy; vLj;J MLfpd;w cd; Kj;J mk;khidiag;

gpbj;J tPrp> tz;Lfs; Kof;fk; nra;J vOtjd; fhuzkhfr; Nrhiyapy; vOe;j>
tsk; nghUe;jp tpsq;Fk; kJiu efupd; jiytpNa! mk;khid MbaUs;f. rptDld;
fye;J ciknahU ghfdha; epd;w mk;gpifNa! mk;khid MbaUs;f.

9. ePuhly; gUtk;

1. tisahL tz;ifg; nghyd;rq; nfhLk;nghq;F

kwpjpiur; rq;Nfhypl

tisT nghUe;jpa tskhd ifapy; mzpe;jpUf;fpd;w rq;F tisay;fSld;

klq;fp vOk; miyfis cila flypy; cs;s rq;Ffs; Kof;fk; nra;aTk;>
ge;JNghy; tPrp vwpe;J tpisahLfpd;w itifapd; ngupa ePu;j;Jiwapy; jpisj;J
nts;s ePupy; %o;fp mUs;fpd;w ,lgf; nfhbapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; rptngUkhDf;F xg;Gik
$w ,ayhj kPd;nfhbia cau;j;JkhW nra;jtNs! nts;s ePupy; ePuhbaUs;f.

2. ePyf; fUq;Ftis nrq;Ftis G+g;gtwy;

newpFow; fw;iwrupaj;

ePy epwKs;s fUikahd Ftis kyu; Nghd;w fz;fs; nrk;ik epwkhd

Ftis kyu; Nghyj; Njhd;wTk;> Fsp;u;r;rpahd ePu;j;Jiwapy; %o;fpl ePuhLk;
fhl;rpahdJ> ngUq;flyhfpa rptNdhL fye;J tpisahLtijg; Nghy> itifahw;wpy;
ngUfptUk; Gjpa nts;s ePupy; %o;fp mUs;thahf. fhisf;nfhb Ve;jpa rptDf;F
kPd;nfhb nfhLj;jUspatNs! nts;s ePupy; MbaUs;f.

3. tpz;zhWk; mstsha; tpisahL GJ itif

nts;seP uhbaUNs
tpilf;nfhb atu;f;nfhU faw;nfhb nfhLj;jnfhb
nts;seP uhbaUNs

54
 ,ir Njhd;Wfpd;w ,dpikahd fpspNghy koiynkhop NgRfpd;w ghit
Nghd;wtNs! ruRtjpAk; aKidAk; fq;ifAk; xd;whff; fye;J tpisahLtJ Nghyj;
Njhd;Wk; itif Mw;wpd; Gjpa nts;sj;jpy; ePuhbaUs;tha;. fhisf; nfhbiaf;
ifapy; Ve;jpa rptngUkhDf;F kPd; nfhbia toq;fpatNs! nts;s ePupy; ePuhb
mUs;f!

4. tpilf;nfhb atu;f;nfhU faw;nfhb nfhLj;jnfhb

nts;seP uhbaUNs

mirfpd;w rpwFfis cila tz;Lfs; cwq;Ftjw;F ,lkhd $e;jiy

cilatNs! ke;juh kiyapy; ghk;igf; fapwhff; nfhz;L filtijg; Nghyj;
Njhw;wkspf;Fk;. mjpfkhd ePu;g;ngUf;Fila itif Mw;wpd; ngupa ePu;j;Jiwapy;
Fspj;J kfpo;e;J mk;gpifNa! nts;sePupy; MbaUs;f.

5. nespf;Fk; juq;fj; jlq;fq;if Alndhl;b

epj;jpyg; ge;jhlTk;

fiykfs; vd epidj;J eP ngz; md;dj;ij Xbg; gpbg;gJ> jhNa! cd; xsp

nghUe;jpa rpyk;gpd; xypAk; nkd;ikahd eilAk; ftu;e;J nfhz;lJ vd;W
Njhd;wTk;> tupirahf itj;j ,uj;jpdf;fy; $l;lj;jhy; mike;j fow;rpf;fha; MlTk;>
rptngUkhDf;F kPd; nfhbia toq;fpa mk;gpifNa! nts;s ePupy; ePuhb mUs;thahf.

10. Cry; gUtk;

1. xs;nshspa gtsf; nfhOq;fhy; kpirg;nghq;Fk;

xOnfhspa taputpl;lj;

rpwe;j xspkpf;f gtsj;jhy; nra;j nropg;ghd> Ntjkhfpa gwit Koq;FkhW

Njhd;wf; FbGFe;jpapUf;fpd;w Re;juty;ypNa! FbGFe;J tho;fpd;w nfhbNa!
nghd;D}Q;rypy; MbaUs;f. GOF nea; G+rpa nrhf;fehjuhfpa rptngUkhdpd; rpwe;j
moFf;F Vw;w nfhb Nghd;wtNs! nghd;D}Q;ry; MbaUs;f.

2. nrhw;nghyp gok;ghly; nrhy;Yfpd; wtSepd;

nrhUgnkd; gJkps epyhj;

,dpikahd nkhopfs; epuk;gpa Ntjj;ijr; nrhy;fpd;wtSk; cd; tbtk; vd;W

nrhy;tJk; ,sikahd epynthsp tPRk; re;jpu kz;lyj;jpy; mKjkakhf eP
tpsq;FtijAk;> kjpy;fis cila kJiuapy; epiwe;jpUf;Fk; mofhd ghit
Nghd;wtNs! nghd;D}Q;ry; MbaUs;f.

3. cUfpa gRk;nghd; mRk;gntapy; tPRnghd;

D}riy cijj;jhlYk;

55
 cUfpa gRikahd nghd; xOFtJ Nghy xsp ngUFk; nghd;D}Q;rypy;
mku;e;J cijj;J MLtJk;> vk; je;ijahfpa rptngUkhd; njupe;J> kd;kjd; mk;G
va;Jtij epWj;jhky; Muha;e;J> ,sikahd re;jpud; tpsq;FtJ cd; Kfj;jpd;
moif tpUk;gp vd czu;e;J> jtk; nra;tij xj;J tpsq;Fk; kJuGupapy;
thOk; ,sikahd fpspNa! nghd;D}Q;ry; MbaUs;f.

4. fq;ifKb kfpo;eu;jpU Tskire; jhlf;

fye;jhL nghd;D}ryf;

fq;ifia Kbapy; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; rptngUkhd; mire;jhLk;gb mtUld;

Nru;j;J eP MLfpd;w nghd; CQ;ry; ,sfplTk;> gyhg;gok; cile;J ngUFk; rhwhfpa
mUtp ghjhs cyfq;fs; VioAk; epug;gpg; nghq;fp tUfpd;w rhiyfis
cila ,dpikahd kJiuf;Fj; jiytpNa! nghd;D}Q;ry; Mb mUs;thahf.
nrhf;fehjuhfpa rptDf;F xj;j nfhbNghy tpsq;FgtNs! nghd; CQ;ry; MbaUs;f.

5. GOFnea;r; nrhf;fu;jpU mofpDf; nfhj;jnfhb

nghd;D}ry; MbaUNs.

jhNa! eP mire;jhLtjd; fhuzkhf thdk; gpsTgl;l gy mz;lq;fSk;

MLtJNghy; Njhw;wkspf;f> kJiuapy; thOk; fpspNa! nghd;D}Q;ry; MbaUs;f!
GOfhfpa nea;azpe;j nrhf;fUf;F mofhf tpsq;Ffpd;w nfhbNa! nghd;D}Q;ry;
MbaUs;f.

56
 njhFg;Giu

jkpopd; kPJ Mwhf; fhjy; nfhz;l FkuFUguu; jkpioAk; kPdhl;rp

mk;gpifiaAk; ,izj;J mofhd ,yf;fpaj;ijg; gf;jp kzk; fkog;
gilj;jUspAs;shu;. ,t;tpyf;fpaj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; tUifg;gUtj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk;>
‘njhLf;Fk; flTl; gok;ghly;> vd;Dk; ghliy FkuFUguu; ghba NghJ kPdhl;rp
mk;gpif vOe;jUsp Kj;Jkhiyia mUspajhff; $Wtu;. tskhu;j;j fw;gidfs;
gyTk; E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. tpehafu; tzf;fj;ij mLj;J mikAk;
fhg;Gg;gUtk; jpUkhy;> rptngUkhd;> rpj;jptpehaff; flTs;> KUff;flTs;> gpukNjtu;>
NjNte;jpud;> jpUkfs;> fiykfs;> Ju;f;if> VOfd;dpkhu;fs;> Kg;gj;J%tu; MfpNahu;
kPdhl;rpak;ikiaf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd Ntz;LfpwJ. njhlu;e;J mikAk; gUtq;fs;
kPdhl;rpak;gpifahfpa Foe;ijapd; mUl;nray;fs; gytw;iwAk; vLj;Jf; $Wk;
rpwg;Giladthfj; jpfo;fpd;wd.

,kakiy kd;ddhfpa ,kaj;Jtr kd;dDf;Fk; ghz;baDf;Fk;

kfdhf ,Ue;J rpwg;Gr; nra;jtNs! mUisr; Rku;e;jpUf;Fk; fay;kPd; Nghd;wtNs!
jkpo; tsu;j;j kJiuapy; murhs;gtNs jkpo; gapYk; kapYf;F murpNa!
kiyaj;Jtr ghz;bad; tsu;j;j ,sq;fpspNa! jkpOld; Njhd;wp kJiu efupy;
tsu;e;j nfhb Nghd;wtNs vd;nwy;yhk; FkuFUguu; kPdhl;rp mk;gpifiag;
gd;Kfkhfg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;fpd;whu;. jkpopd; ,dpikAk; gf;jpg; ngUf;Fk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;
kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo; E}iyf; fw;W ,d;Gw Ntz;baJ> khztu;fspd; flik
MFk;.

57
 gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;

1. gj;Jg; gUtq;fis tptup.

2. kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpopd; Mrpupau; gw;wp ePtpu; mwptd ahit?

3. flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghly;fisj; njhFj;Jiuf;f.

4. nrq;fPiug; gUtk; gw;wp tptup.

5. kPdhl;rpak;ikapd; moif tptup.

6. tUifg; gUtr; nra;jpfisf; fl;Liuf;f.

7. mk;ikNahL re;jpuid tpisahl miof;Fk; FkuFUguupd;

kjpEl;gj;ij tpsf;Ff.

8. ePuhly; gUtr; nra;jpfis tptup.

58
 myF - 4
kJiur; nrhf;fehju; mUspr; nra;j

jkpo;tpLJ}J

Nehf;fk;

jkpo;tpL J}jpd; top jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; mbatu;fspd; njhz;ilAk;

jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;igAk;> ,iwtd; epfo;j;jpa jpUtpisahly;fisAk;> ehd;khlf;
$lyhfpa kJiu khefupd; rpwg;igAk;> NrhkRe;juf; flTspd; moifAk;> topghl;L
KiwikAk;> jiytp khiy thq;fp tur;nrhy;Yk; eaj;ij khztu;fs; fw;W mwpa
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,g;ghlg;gFjpapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

59
 Kd;Diu

xUtu; jd; fUj;ijg; gpwUf;F mwptpg;gjw;fhf mDg;gg;gLtJ J}jhFk;.

mf ,yf;fpa Kiwikapy; jiytp jd; kdf;fUj;ijj; jiytDf;F czu;j;Jk;
Kfkhf m/wpiz cau;jpizg; nghUs;fisj; J}jhf tpLj;jikia
mf ,yf;fpaq;fshy; mwpayhk;.

J}J> jdp ,yf;fpa tifahf Kfpo;j;j fhyj;jpy; Kjd;Kjyhfj; Njhd;wpaJ

ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahuhy; gjpdhd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l neQ;RtpLJ}J MFk;.
fhy tsu;r;rpapy; Qhdg;gpufhru; neQ;RtpLJ}J> $sg;g ehaf;fd; tpwyptpL J}J>
fpsptpL J}J> jkpo;tpL J}J Kjyhd J}J E}y;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.

J}J ,yf;fpa E}y;fSs; nrwpTk; ,dpikAk; kpf;fjha;j; jdpj;jd;ikAld;

jpfo;tJ jkpo;tpL J}J. kJiuapy; Nfhapy; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rptngUkhdpd; kPJ fhjy;
nfhz;l ngz; xUj;jp jd;Dila fhjiyr; rptngUkhdplk; $wp tUkhW jkpioj;
J}jDg;gpa nghUsps; ghlg;gl;lJ. fypntz;ghthy; ,ad;w 268 fz;zpfis
cilaJ. ,e;E}iyg; gilj;j Mrpupau; ,d;dhu; vd;W mwpag;gltpy;iy. ,e;E}iyg;
gilj;j Mrpupau; jd; kdj;jpy; ,Ue;j jkpopd; cau;itg; gd;Kfkhfg; Nghw;wpr;
rpwg;gpj;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,Wjp tiu jkpopd; rpwg;G
vLj;Jf; $wg;gLfpwJ.

jkpo;nkhopapd; rpwg;GfisAk;> njspitAk;> ,dpikapidAk;> nrwpitAk;>

jpz;ikapidAk; Mrpupau; El;gkhd fz;Nzhl;lj;Jld; $wpapUf;Fk; ghq;F
E}yhrpupaupd; jkpo;g;Gyikf;Fj; jf;f rhd;whaikfpwJ. jkpopd; rpwg;GfisAk;
ngUikfisAk; vLj;Jf;$Wk; ,t;tpyf;fpaj;ijf; fw;Wj; jkpopd; rpwg;Gfis czu
Ntz;baJ khztu;fspd; flik.

60
 ghlk; - 4

fypntz;gh

rPu;nfhz;l $lw; rptuhr jhdpGue;

Nju;nfhz;l rq;fj; jpUe;NjhUk; - Nghu;nfhz;
birAe; jkpounrd; Nwj;njLg;gj; jpf;F
tpiraQ; nrYj;jpa kpd;Dk; - eirAwNt
nra;arpt Qhdj; jpuNsl;b NyhNuL
ifap nyLj;j fzgjpAk; - nka;aUshw;
$ly; Gue;njhUfhw; $lw; Gytnujpu;
ghlywp tpj;j gilNtSk; - tPlfyh
kd;D% thz;by; tlfiyAe; njd;fiyAk;
md;id Kiyg; ghyp dwpe;NjhUk; - Kd;dNu
%d;Wtpop ahu;Kd; KjiyAz;l gps;isiag;gpd;
<d;Wjur; nrhy;yp dpirj;NjhUe; - Njhd;wad;khy;
NjbKb ahtbiaj; NjlhNj ey;Y}upw;
ghb Kbahg; gilj;NjhUk; - ehbKb
kl;Nlhiyg; G+tidahu; thu;e;Njhiy Nru;j;njOjpg;
gl;Nlhiy nfhs;sg; gfu;e;NjhUk; - Kl;lhNj
xy;fhg; ngUe;jkpo;%d; NwhjpaUz; khKdpAk;
njhy;fhg; gpankhope;j njhd;nkhopAk; - ky;fhr;nrhw;
ghj;jpuq;nfhz; Nlgjpghw; gha;gR itg;gd;dpuz;L
#j;jpuq;nfhz; Nlgpzpj;j J}NahUk;
(fz;zp 1-10)

rpwg;Gf;fs; kpf;f $ly; vd;Dk; rptkjj; jiyefiuf; fhj;J tUgtUk;>

moFnfhz;l jkpo;r;rq;fj;jpy; Gytuhf tPw;wpUe;jtUk; Mfpa NrhkRe;juUk;>
Nghu;fspy; ngUk; ntw;wp nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; jkpourp vd;W midtUk; Gfo vy;yhj;
jpirfspYk; ntw;wpg; gazk; nra;j kPdhl;rpak;ikAk;> (jhk; cgNjrpj;jijf;
Nfshky; ghuhKfkhftpUe;j mk;gpifia tiyQu; kfshfg; gpwf;FkhW <rd;
rgpj;jNghJ mjw;Ff; fhuzkhftpUe;j) tpUg;g%l;Lk; jpUe;jpa rptQhdj;jpd; jpushd
Vl;Lr; RtbfspypUe;J Xu; Vl;bidf; (flypy; vwptjw;fhfr; rpdj;Jld;) ifapy; vLj;j
fzgjpAk;> nka;aUs; nfhz;L kJiuia (cf;fpu Fkhu ghz;badhf) Mz;L
te;jJld;> xU rkak; rq;fg;Gytu; vjpNu (cUj;jpu rd;kuhf) ,Ue;J ghly; nghUs;
czu;j;jpa Ntytdhfpa KUfDk;>

tPl;il tpl;Lj; jhdhf ntspNa nry;yTk; mwpahj %d;Nw

tajhd ,sk;gUtj;jpNyNa tlnkhop> njd;nkhop E}y;fis md;id cikapd;

61
Kiyg;ghyUe;jp mwpe;J nfhz;l jpUQhd rk;ge;jUk;> %d;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu
Kjiy tpOq;fp tpl;l gps;isia Kf;fz;zd; Kd; jkpo;ghb kPz;Lk; jUk;gb nra;j
Re;juUk;> (gpw vspa capu;fisg; Nghyj;) Njhw;wKk; kiwTk; nfhz;l gpukDk;
jpUkhYk; kpfTk; NjbAk; fhz Kbahj rptngUkhd; jpUtbfisj; jpUey;Y}upy;
ghly;fisg; ghbj; jk; jiyapy; Kbahfj; jhq;Fk; NgW ngw;w jpUehTf;furUk;>
Njd;nfhz;l jhok;G+it mzpahJ tpyf;fp tpl;l <rd;> tpUk;gp Xiyia thupj; jk;
Fwpg;Nghiyf; fl;by; vOjpr; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tz;zk; jpUf;Nfhit ghba
khzpf;fthrfUk;>

Fiwahj ngUik tha;e;j Kj;jkpioj; jilapd;wp ciuj;jUspa khKdptu;

mfj;jpaUk;> jkpopd; Kjy; E}yhd njhy;fhg;gpaj;ij nkhope;j njhy;fhg;gpaUk;>
Fiwtw;w nrhy;yhw;wy; kpf;f jk; ghly; jpwj;jhy; cUthf;fpa gd;dpuz;L
E}w;ghf;fshy; Md rptQhdNghjj;ijf; nfhz;L ,iwtdhfpa gjpNky; gha;fpd;w
gRthfpa capu;fisf; fhl;ba J}atuhd nka;fz;l NjtUk;>

jPjpy; ftpijj; jpUkhspifj; Njtu;

Mjp Kdptu; midNthUk; - rhjp>cWk;
jiykplW %f;Fuj;jpw; rhu;e;jpjo;ehj; je;jk;
ciytpyh tz;zj; JUtha;j; - jiyjpUk;gp
Vw;gKjd; Kg;gnjOj; jha;r;rhu; gpUE}w;W
ehw;g njOj;jh edpgpwe;jha; - Nkw;glNt
(fz;zp 11-22)

jkpOf;Ff; fz;fnsd tpsq;Fk; Fw;wkw;w jpUtpirg;ghg; ghly;fisg; ghba

jpUkhspifj;Njtu; Kjypa xd;gJ Gytu;fSk;> rhjpahYk;> nra;fpd;w je;jpuq;fshYk;
tpyf;f Kbahj tifapy; capu;fisg; gw;wpa tpidfis vy;yhk; jk;
jpUke;jpuj;jhy; xopj;j ty;ytuhfpa jpU%yUk;> nre;jkpopy; ahUf;Fk; ngha; mbikj;
njhopy; Gupahjtu;fs; vd;W ehtd;ikAilNahu; Gfo;e;J $Wk; cz;ikj;
njhz;lu;fshfpa rq;fg;Gytu;fSk;>

Iabfs; fhltu;NfhDk;> nrk;ikahd nrhy;yhw;wy; nfhz;l Nrukhd; ngUkhs;

ehadhUk;> ghLtjw;fupa ngUk; Gfo;tha;e;j nja;tg; Gytuhfpa jpUts;StUk;>
fy;yhjtu;fs; ehlTk; Kbahj mUQ;rpq;fnkdf; fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk;
vy;yhUkhf ePNa ,Ue;jikahy;jhd;> nrhy;ypy; mlq;fhj Gfo;tha;e;j jkpNo!
cd;idf; fz;L Gfo;e;jhy; vd; Jauk; jPUk; vd;W cd;Dila nghd; mida
mofpa jpUtbfisr; ruz; GFe;J Nghw;Wfpd;Nwd;.

mbf;fg; ngw;w nkd;ikahd gQ;rpypUe;J E}w;fg;glhj E}Ny! gyuhy;

neUlg;glhj ghNt! fpope;J> Fiwe;J mOf;filahj ,ay;Gs;s fiyNa! NtW epwk;
kpQ;rpj; Njhahj nrk;ikj; jkpNo! nrhy;iyNa Vuhf;fp kdq;fis cOk;

62
cotu;fshfpa Gytu;fs; mfk; jPa;e;J NghfhJ nrhw;fis tpistpf;Fk; nra;ANs!
xU Fyj;jpYk; gpwf;fhj eP vd;Wk; mopahJ vq;fs; capUf;F capuhf epd;wha;@
Mdhy; Ie;J Fyq;fshfTk; te;jha;.

ngUik kpf;f ,t;Tyfpy;> Gz;zpak; tha;e;j ce;jpapy; Njhd;wpa fhw;W>

thf;F vd;Dk; fUj;jupj;J ,Ue;J> jiy> njhz;il> %f;F> khu;G Mfpa
cWg;Gfisr; rhu;e;J cjLfs;> ehf;F> gw;fs;> Fiwapy;yhj mz;zk;> Mfpatw;why;
cUg;ngw;W> jiyjpUk;gp cyfk; Vw;f> Kjy; vOj;J Kg;gjhfTk; (capu; 12> nka;
18)> rhu;ngOj;J ,UE}w;W ehw;gjhfTk; (capu;nka; 216< capusngil 7>
xw;wsngil 11> Fw;wpaYfuk; 1> Fw;wpaypfuk; 1> Ma;jk; 1> Ifhuf;FWf;fk; 1>
xsfhuf;FWf;fk; 1> kfuf; FWf;fk; 1) rpwg;Gld; gpwe;jha;.

vz;Kjyh fg;gfU kPuh nwDk; gUtk;

kz;KjNyhu; nra;J tsu;f;Fehl; - fz;kzpNahw;
ew;whufkh eturkhk; gps;isfisg;
ngw;wha; ngUtho;T ngw;whNa – cw;wfyhg;
(fz;zp 23-32)

eP gpwe;j gpwF vz;> ngau;> Kiw> gpwg;G. cUtk;> khj;jpiu>

Kjy;epiy> ,ilepiy> ,Wjpepiy> Nghyp> gjk;> Gzu;r;rp Mfpa gd;dpuz;L
(vOj;jpyf;fzg;) gUtq;fshfr; nra;J ,t;Tyfpy; Kjd;ik tha;e;j> Gytu;fs;
tsu;f;Fk; fhyj;jpy;> cd;id jq;fs; fz;kzpNghy; gs;spf;$lq;fspy; mir vd;Dk;
gw;gy njhl;by; fplj;jpr; rpWtu;fs; xd;whff; $bj; js;spj; jhyhl;b> cs;sJ
tpsq;Fk;gb kQ;rs; G+rpf; Fspg;ghl;b> ikapl;L> Kg;ghy; kpFjpahfg; Gfl;l eP
tsu;e;jha;.

ike;ju;fisf; fhg;G> nrq;fPiu> jhy;> rg;ghzp> Kj;jk;> tUif> mk;Gyp>

rpWgiw> rpw;wpy;> rpWNju; vdg; gj;Jg; (gps;isj;jkpo;) gUtq;fspy; eP tsu;e;jha;.
mj;jifa cd;id xUtuhy; tsu;j;J tpl KbANkh? cyNfhu; jhk; tpUk;Gk;
fy;tpaidj;ijAk; cd;dplkpUe;J fw;ghu;fs;. cd;idg; gbf;f itg;NghUk; cz;Nlh?

mzptjw;Fupa ,aw;nrhy;> jpupnrhy;> jpirr;nrhy;> tlnrhy; Mfpa ehd;F

nra;As; nrhw;fSk;> ngau;> tpid> ,il> cup Mfpa ehd;F nre;jkpo;r; nrhw;fSk;>
iff;fpis> ngUe;jpiz> FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy Mfpa
mfj;jpiz VO@ ntl;rp> fue;ij> tQ;rp> copiQ> Jk;ig> thif> ghlhz; vd;Dk;
Gwj;jpiz VO vd;Dk; jpizfshfpa nka;g;nghUs;fSk;> Fiwfsw;w vOj;J> mir>
rPu;> jis> mb> njhil> gh> ghtpdk; Mfpa vl;L ahg;G cWg;GfSk;> jd;ikazp
Kjyhd Kg;gj;ije;J mzpfSk; ,iae;J rpwpJk; NtWglhj NguoF nfhz;l
khg;gps;isahfp> me;j me;jg; ghtiff;Fg; nghUe;j mike;j nrg;gNyhir>
mftNyhir> Js;sy; Xir> J}q;fNyhir Mfpa ehd;F gz;fSk; gl;lj;J

63
uhzpfshfTk;> kdj;jhy; cau;thf vz;zg;gLk; Njhy; fUtp> Jisf; fUtp>
euk;Gf;fUtp> fQ;rf;fUtp> kplw;Wf; fUtp Mfpa Ie;J ,irf;fUtpfs; ngw;w
E}w;W %d;W gz;fSk; gpd;du; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l fhkf;fpoj;jpauhfTk; tpsq;f>
midtUk; kjpf;f> Mjuthd eif> mOif> ,opT> tpag;G> mr;rk;> ngUkpjk;>
Nfhgk;> kfpo;r;rp> rhe;jk; Mfpa xd;gJ RitfisAk; gps;isfshfg; ngw;nwLj;jha;.
mjdhy; ngUik kpf;f tho;itg; ngw;wha;.

gz;fs; Kjy; ngz;fnshLk; ghynuhLk; ehlfkhk;

ngz;nfhYtpy; tPw;wpUf;fg; ngw;whNa – kz;Gfoj;
mf;futu;j;jp vdyhk; vd;ghu; G+Nyhf
rf;futu;j;jpAk; ePjhd; md;Nwh – rf;fuKd;G
(fz;zp 33-46)

cd;idr; Nru;e;jgpd; vd;Wk; tpyfhj gz;fs; Kjypa ngz;fSlDk;>

gps;isfSlDk; $bg; ngz;fs; epiwe;jpUf;fpw ehlfkhfpa mitapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk;
NgW ngw;wha;. cyNfhu; Gfof; Fiwtpy;yh (kiy> fly;> ehL> efu;> rpWnghOJ
MW> ngUk;nghOJ MW> fjputd;> epyT Mfpa) gjpndl;L tu;zidfs; vDk;
rpwg;Gf;fSld; kfpo;e;jpUe;jha;. Mok; epiwe;j neba> mofpa itia Mw;wpy; (fiu
milf;fr; nrd;w) vd; fhjyu; rptngUkhd; kPJ ghz;ba kd;dd; mbj;j nfhba
gpuk;ig eP cd; nrq;Nfhyhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lha;.

ahUf;Fk; mlq;fhj typik nfhz;l NguurNd! cyNfhu; $Wk; gj;Jj;

jpirfSf;Fs;Ns eP nrq;Nfhy; nrYj;jp Mshj jpirfs; cz;Nlh? ,t;Tyfpy;
Ik;gj;jhW Njrq;fspYk; toq;Fk; gjpNdO jpirr; nrhw;fSk; ,t;Tyiff; Fiwtw
MSk;gb eP epakpj;j rpw;wuru;fNsh? miytPRk; Nkw;Ff; flYk;> fpof;Ff; flYk;>
jiyik tha;e;j FkupahWk;> tlNtq;fl kiyAk; cd; Ml;rpapd; vy;iy vd
tFj;Jf; nfhz;lha;.

,;t;nty;iyf;Fs;Ns ,Ue;j njd;ghz;b ehL Kjy; (Fl;lehL> FlehL>

fw;fhehL> NtzhL> G+opehL> gd;wpehL> mUthehL> mUth tljiy ehL> rPj ehL>
kyhL cs;spl;l) Gdy;ehL tiuapyhd gd;dpuz;L ehLfSk; mj;jkpo;ehl;bd;
gFjpahd ehLfNsh? me;ehLfSs; itia> fUT+u;> kUjhW>
kUT+u; ,tw;wpd; ,ilNajhd; jkpnod;Dk; jiyth! eP thOk; muz;kid cs;sNjh?

rpwe;j Gfo;tha;e;j Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba Nte;ju;fs; %tiuAk; cd;

thfdkhff; nfhz;L tpz;> kz;> ghjyk; Mfpa %TyFfisAk; tisj;J ntd;w
ghNte;jNd! eP ngupa ghu;Nte;jNdh? Gz;zpak; epiwe;jtNd! fw;gf kuj;ijf;
nfhz;Ls;s Njtu;fSk; $lf; fz;Lzu ,ayhj Ntjq;fSk;> Mfkq;fSk;
GNuhfpju;fNsh?

64
 nrhw;fspd; murNd! vz;zpy; mlq;fhj ey;y ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fSk;>
ehlfq;fSk;> mzp ,yf;fzq;fSk; cd; ez;gu;fNsh? goik kpf;f ,t;Tyfpy;
mz;bdtu;fisf; fhf;Fk; murNd! rhj;jpuq;fs; vy;yhk; cd; G+kpiaf; fhf;Fk;
NrdhjpgjpfNsh? rpwe;j ghlNy! tPuu;fis mjpuitf;Fk; Nghu; gw;wpg; ghLk; ghujKk;>
gjpndl;Lg; Guhzq;fSk; cd; gilfNsh? cd;idg; ghu;g;gtu;fs; cd;id
mf;futu;j;jp vdyhk; vd;ghu;fs;. Mdhy; eP G+Tyfpd; rf;futu;j;jp md;Nwh? (ml;ruk;-
vOj;J. mf;futu;j;jp – rpj;jpu ftpfspy; xd;W.)

Ve;j neLe; Nju;Nky; Vwpr; RopFsk;

ePe;jpXu; $lepiw rJf;fk; - Nghe;J
tPupak; nra;J tpidxopaNt uhr
fhupak; nra;Ak; ftpijNa – ghupy;
(fz;zp 47-61)

rf;fuk; ifapy; Ve;jp neba Nju;Nky; Vwpr; Rop epiwe;j Fsj;ij ePe;jpf;
fle;J ehd;F njUf;fs; $Lk; rJf;fj;jpy; te;jku;e;J> ,dpa Njd;kzf;Fk; khWgl;l
gy khiyfis mzpe;J> Fjpiu> ahid> Nju;> fhyhs; Mfpa ehd;F tifg;
gilfSk; #o;e;J epw;f> eykha; KuR Koq;f KbNte;ju; #o;e;J tug; Gytu;fs;
$ba rq;fj;jpy; cau;e;J tho;e;jpUe;J> mUs; tbtkhd> ngUFk; Gfo; gilj;j
mg;gu;> rk;ge;ju;> Re;juu; %tUk; ghba gjpfq;fshy; Md NjthuKk;> mtw;iwg;
NghyNt thjT+uu; (khzpf;fthrfu;) ghba jpUthrfKk;> cau;e;j mk; khzpf;fthrfu;
nrhy;yr; rptngUkhd; vOjpa jpUf;NfhitahUk;> Fw;wkw;w jhahuhfpa fhiuf;fhy;
mk;ikahu; nrhy;ypa ,ul;ilkzp khiyAk;>

fw;Nwhu; njspT ngwg; gpd;gw;Wk; ,yf;fzq;fspd; E}w;ghf;fSk;>

me;E}w;ghf;fis mwpe;J fw;w Gytu; ngUkf;fs; ghba Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fSk;>
muru;f;Fupait vd;W vz;zg;gl;l ehL> efuk; Kjypa gjpndl;L tu;zidr;
rpwg;Gf;fSk;> ed;F tpsq;FkhW ghlg;ngw;w ngUik kpf;f (,uhkhazk; Kjypa)
ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fSk;> jpy;iyia mile;J kfpo;e;j Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhu; ghb
muq;Nfw;w> mk;gyj;jhLk; <rd; Nfl;L kfpo;e;J md;Gnfhz;l nghd;tz;zj;J
me;jhjpAk;> me;E}Yf;F Kd;Ng mr;Nrukhd; ghba ngUe;jkpo; E}yhk; jpUth&u;
Kk;kzpf;NfhitAk;> gl;bdj;jhu; jk; ghkyu;fisf; Nfhj;J ,iwtDf;F mzptpj;j
jpUtpilkUJ}u; Kk;kzpf;NfhitAk;>

mwpthy; %j;j rq;fg; Gytu;fs; ghba gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; vl;Lj;njhifAk;> NfLfs;

mw;w gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;Fk;> nghd;dpwk; nfhz;l ngupa NkUkiy Nghd;wtDk;
khij vd;Dk; Cupy; Nfhapy; nfhz;l J}atDk; Mfpa <rdplk; nrd;W ,ul;ilg;
Gytu;fs; jk; fw;gidahy; ghba jpUthkhj;J}u;f; fyk;gfKk;> Kd;dzpg; gilAld;
nrd;W typikahy; fypq;fj;ij mopj;J> mg;Nghupy; Mapuk; ahidfisf; nfhd;W>
ntd;wJ gw;wpg; ghlg;gl;l> gpw Gytu; ghLtjw;F mupa fypq;fj;Jg; guzpAk;> $ly;

65
vd;Dk; Ngu;nfhz;l fhtpupg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpd; kf;fSf;F murdhd ,uhruhrNrhod;>
jdf;F vjpNu mku;e;J xU fz;zpf;F Xuhapuk; nghd; tPjk; guprspf;f xl;lf;$j;ju;
ghba ,uhruhr Nrhod; cyhTk;>

ahtUk; Nghw;Wk; mt;nthl;lf;$j;jd; ghba FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod;

gps;isj;jkpo;> Kjypa vd;Wk; epiyapy; ngauhj nts;sk; vDk; Ngnuz;izAk; tpl
mjpfkhd> jkpo; E}y;fshfpa tPuu;fs; nka;f;fhtyuhf; fhj;J epw;f> cs;sj;jpy; tPuk;
kpf> jPtpidfs; xopa muRg; gzpfisr; nra;Ak; ftpijNa!

mupahrdk; cdf;Nf Mdhy; cdf;Fr;

rupahUk; cz;Nlh jkpNo – tpupMTu;
cz;zg;gLk; NjNd cd;NdhL cte;J ciuf;Fk;
tpz;zg;gk; cz;L tpsk;gf; Nfs; - kz;zpy;
(fz;zp 62-70)

,t;Tyfpy; cdf;Nf mupahrdk; cz;L ,q;qdk; ,Uf;f cdf;Fr; rkkhf

mkUk; jFjp tha;e;jtu; vtUk; cz;Nlh> jkpNo! tpupthd> nghUs; epiwe;J jpfOk;
ntz;gh> mfty;> tQ;rp> fypg;gh Mfpa ehd;Fk; cd; nra;As; vy;iyahfTk;>
Gfo;kpf;f jhopir> Jiw> tpUj;jk; vd;Dk; ghtpdq;fs; kilg;Nghf;fhfTk; epfo>
ey;y moF nghUe;jpa nra;Aspd; kdk;> Gj;jp> rpj;jk;> mfq;fhuk; vd;Dk;
ehw;fuzq;fisAk; Vuhfg; G+l;br; nrhy;Nyu; cotu;fshfpa Gytu;fs; jpuz;L te;J>

itjUg;gk;> nfslk;> ghQ;rhyk;> khfjk; Mfpa ehd;F ey;y ftpij

newpfisAk;> tpijahf ed;F tpijj;J> mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vd;Dk; ehd;F
nghUs;fSk; ew;gadhf tu tpistpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ehspy;> Nkd;ik kpf;f
Gytu;fSs; ghLtijj; jd; cupikahf;fpf; nfhz;l mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;>
tpy;ypGj;J}u; Mo;thu; xl;lf;$j;ju; MfpNahu; gy E}y;fisAk; fw;Wg; Gyik
milahky; mitapy; Gytnud mkutUk; fPo;kf;fis>

jiyapy; Fl;bAk;> fhJfis mWj;Jk;> jiyfis xd;whff; $l;b ntl;bAk;

jkpo;g;gapupd; ,ilNa tsu;e;j fisfisg; gwpf;f eP Nkd;ikAld; mbgUj;J>
tsu;e;jha;! ghyha;> Ke;jpupg; gokha;> thiog;gokha;> fpsu;r;rpA+l;Lk; ,dpa fUk;gha;>
njd;idapd; ,sq;fdpaha;> ,dpf;Fk; njspe;j mKjkha;> me;j mKjpDk; Nkyhd
Kf;jpiaj; jUk; fdpNa! vd ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfj; jkpNo! Gj;jpahy; cz;zg;gLk;
NjNd! cd;dplk; ehd; kfpo;e;J tpLf;Fk; tpz;zg;gk; xd;Ws;sJ. ehd; $wf; Nfs;!

Fwk; vd;Wk; gs; vd;Wk; nfhs;thu; nfhLg;gha;f;F

cwTvd;W %d;W ,dj;Jk; cz;Nlh? jpwk;vy;yhk;
Xu;Kg;ghy; md;wp Ik;ghy; cs;sha; cidg;Nghyr;
rPu; Kg;gJk; gilj;j nry;tu; Mu; - Nrukhd;
(fz;zp 71-78)

66
 Fwk; vd;Wk;> gs;S vd;Wk; mwpe;Jk; ,k;kz;ZyNfhu; cd;dplk; ,Ue;J
(ngz;) Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mg;gs;S> Fwj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; cdf;F jhopir> Jiw>
tpUj;jk;@ mDNyhku;> gpujpNyhku;> rq;fuh Mfpa %d;W jho;e;j rhjpfspYk;
cwTz;Nlh? ftpijj; jpwk; midj;Jk; nghUe;jp vd;Wk; rpjwhj kzpaha; (rPtf
rpe;jhkzp) ,Uf;Fk; cd;idr; rpe;J (xU ghtif) vd;W nrhy;Yk; ehf;Fr; rpe;Jk;.
tpz;zpy; cs;s> midj;ijAk; czu;e;j Njtu;fSk;$l rj;Jtk;> ,uhrjk;> jhkjk;
vd;Dk; Kf;Fzq;fisNa ngw;Ws;sdu;. Mdhy; ePNah Fw;wk; ,y;yhj nrwpT>
njspT> rkepiy> ,d;gk; xOfpir> cjhuk;> ca;j;jypy; nghUz;ik> fhe;jk;> typ>
rkhjp vd;Dk; gj;Jf; Fzq;fisg; ngw;Ws;sha;.

kdpjuhy; Mf;fg;gl;l tz;zq;fs; ntz;ik> nrk;ik> fUik> nghd;ik>

gRik Mfpa Ie;jpw;F Nkypy;iy. ePNah Gytu; Nehf;fp kfpOk; Fwpy; mfty;
J}q;fpir tz;zk; Kjy; ,il nky;ypir tz;zk; tiuapyhd E}W tz;zq;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sha;. (tz;zk;-epwk;> ftpijfspd; ,irtz;zk;) ehf;fpd; kPJ nghUj;Jk;
Ritfs; ifg;G> Gspg;G> Jtu;g;G> ctu;g;G> fhuk;> ,dpg;G vDk; MWf;F Nky; ,y;iy.
mitAk; CdKilait. ePNah fhJfSf;F czthf tpsq;Fk; xd;gJ Ritfisg;
ngw;wpUf;fpwha;.

kw;w kf;fSf;F tdg;G xd;Wf;FNky; cz;Nlh! ePNah mk;ik> moF>

njhd;ik> Njhy;> tpUe;J> ,iaG> Gyd;> ,ioG Mfpa vl;L tdg;Gf;fs; cilaha;.
Gytu;fs; Gfo;e;J NgRk; kd;du;fs; jhNd te;Jw;w nghUs;> tupahff; fpilf;Fk;
nghUs;> giftuplk; ftu;e;j nghUs; vdg; nghUs; ngWk; tif %d;W kl;LNk
cilatu;fs; ePNah Mw;WePu;> nkhopkhw;W> epuy;epiw> G+l;Ltpy;> jhg;gpir> mis
kwpghg;G> nfhz;L$l;L> mbkhwpkhw;W vdg; nghUs;Nfhs; tif vl;L cilaha;.

ghq;Fs;s mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; vDk; Kg;ghYk;> Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> gyu;ghy;>

xd;wd;ghy;> gytpd;ghy; vDk; Ik;ghYk; nfhz;Ls;sha;. (cyNfhu; gR> vUik>
ML ,tw;wpd; Kg;ghNy cilatu;fs;) cd; Nghy Kg;gJ rPu;fs; gilj;j nry;tu;
ahUz;L? (rPu; 30 : Xuirr; rPu; 2> <uirr; rPu; 4> %tifr; rPu; 8> ehd;firr; rPu; 16)

jd;dbf; fz;L jis tpLj;jha; Vo;jis cd;

nghd;dbf;F cz;L vd;gJ vd;d Gj;jpNah – vd; muNr
nfhz;L Gfo; nfhz;ltu;f;Nf $Lk; cidf;$lhj
njhz;lUf;Fj; njd;ghNy Njhd;Wkhy; - jz;jkpNo
(fz;zp 79-90)

Nrukhd; fizf;fhy; ,Uk;nghiwapd; fhy;fspy; G+l;lg;ngw;w jisfisf;

fz;lJk; mtw;iw eP tpLtpj;jha;. cd;Dila nghd; mida (nra;As;) mbfSf;F
(Nenuhd;whrpupaj;jis> epiunahd;whrpupaj;jis> ntz;rPu;ntz;jis> ,aw;rPu;
ntz;jis> fypj;jis xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis> xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis vd) VO jisfs;

67
cz;L vdf; $WtJ mwpTs;Nshu; nrayhNkh? (jis-tpyq;F> ftpijapd;
ahg;GWg;GfSs; xd;W) vd; murNd! Mw;wy; kpf;f ghtyu;f;F mwpT+l;Lk;
nre;jkpohf ,Uf;Fk; cd;id ntz;gh vd;W $Wtjpy; cz;ik rpwpNjDk; cz;Nlh?
gz;Gk; moFk; fye;J xypf;Fk; ghlNy! eP fpUjAfk;> jpNujhAfk;> JthguAfk;
Mfpa %d;W Ke;ija Afq;fspYk; $lr; rq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jha;. cd;idf; fypAfj;ij
kl;LNk Nru;e;jid vd;gJ Nghy; fypg;gh vd;W $WtJ KiwNah?

mopah ,Us; tbtpy; gutpa kaf;fj;ij khw;wp kf;fis mwpahikapypUe;J

fiuNaw;Wk; cd;id kUl;gh vd;W $wy; ey;tof;fkhNkh? rpe;ijiaj; njsptpf;Fk;
cd; ghlypy; Kjw;rPupNyNa kq;fyk;> nrhy;> vOj;J> jhdk;> ghy;> cz;b> tUzk;>
ehs;> fjp> fzk; vd;Dk; gj;J tpjg; nghUj;jq;fs; mike;jpUf;Fk; cd;id tpUj;jk;
vd;W $Wjy; cd; jiytpjpNah? (tpUj;jk;-xU ghtpdk;> nghUe;jhik) ,Uspd;
$l;lj;ijf; fjputd;> epyT> neUg;G vd;Dk; Kr;RlUk; Ke;jpte;J jk; xspahy;
tpyf;Fk; vd;ghu;fs;. MapDk; mit cd;idg; Nghy te;J vd; kdj;jpd; ,Uis
khw;WNkh?

tpz;Zyfpy; cs;s rpe;jhkzp nfhilj;jpwk; kpf;fJ vd;ghu;fs;. rPtf

rpe;jhkzp vd;Dk; cd; E}ypd; ngaiuj; jhq;fpAs;sjhy; jhNd mjw;F mf;nfhilj;
jd;ik tha;e;jJ? (jzpAk;-jho;e;J njhq;Fk;) jho;e;J njhq;fg; ngz;fs; mzpAk;
xspAs;s khiyfs;> fz;lruk;> Njhs;tis Mfpa eif mzpfs; vy;yhk; cd;
myq;fhuk; Nghy; MFNkh? mwpTg; Gydhy; kl;LNk fhzf;$ba cd;idg; nghUs;
$wp ciuf;Fk; (NgRk;) Nghnjy;yhk; eP tsu;fpwha;. (ciuj;jhy;) NjAk; ,ay;Gila
nghd;idg; nghUs; vdf; fUJjy; nghUe;JNkh?

fd;dkpl;L (fhjpy; thq;fp) kd;du;fs; ftu;e;Jk; tsu;nghUNs! kf;fs; ifapy;

cs;s nghUs;fs; vd;d nghUs;fs;? mit cd;idg; Nghy cw;Wop cjthNt! ey;y
newpAld; ,k;kz;Zyfpy; GfOld; tho;tjw;Fk;> tho;e;J Kbj;J tpz;Zyfpy;
nja;t tbTld; Nru;e;jpUg;gjw;Fk;> Ma;e;jwpe;J cd; Jiz nfhz;L Gfo;ngw;w
Gytu;f;Nf ,aYk;. cd;Dld; $lhJ (jk; MirfSf;Nf) njhz;L nra;Nthu;fSf;Fj;
njd;jpirf; fhtydhd vkd; cyNf njupAk;.

<q;FcdJ rq;fj;jhy; <ru; cau;e;jhNuh

Xq;Fk; mtuhy; eP cau;e;jhNah – G+q;fky
Mapuk; nghd; ,iwf;Fk; Iaiu tPjpapNy
Ngha; ,ue;J J}J nrhy;yg; Nghf;fpdha; - MapUe;Jk;
(fz;zp 91-100)

Fspu;e;j jkpNo! ,q;Nf cdJ rq;fj;jhy; <rd; cau;e;jhNuh? my;yJ cau;e;j

mtuhy; eP cau;e;jhNah? jhkiug; G+ vDk; tPl;bypUe;J fiyfis MSk;
fiykfspd; cs;sq;ifapd; NkNy (cs;s Vl;Lr;Rtbahf) eP ,Ue;jhNah? my;yJ

68
VLfshfpa cd; Nky; mts; mku;e;jpUe;jhNsh? (cd;idj;jhd; mtd;
jhq;fp ,Uf;fpwhs;) MLk; ghk;igr; rupe;J eOtg; ghahfr; RUl;bf; nfhz;L nrd;w
jpUkhiy eP njhlu;e;J nrd;whNah? my;yJ RUl;ba ghAld; mj;jpUkhy;
(fzpfz;zd; nghUl;L ntspNawpa jpUkopir Mo;thu; tbthfpa) cd;idg; gpd;
njhlu;e;jhNuh?

vd; tho;Nt jkpo;jhd; vdj; Jjpj;J mfj;jpa Kdptd; Nfl;f KUfd; cd;id
mtUf;F tpsq;f ciuj;Jf; fw;gpj;jhNuh? my;yJ xsp tbthd mtiu eP
nrhd;dhNah? fUj;J NtWglhj vd; fhjyuhfpa <rd; cdf;F Kd;nghUshf
(nry;tkhf) te;jhNuh? md;wp kJiug; ngUefupy; thOk; mtUf;F eP nghUshf
te;jhNah? (ePNa ,iwadhu; fstpaYf;F mfg;nghUshf te;jha;) fhjypy; fl;Lz;L
tUe;Jk; vd; nraiy eP ghu;j;J ,uq;fp mUStNj ePjpahFk; md;wp cd; nra;jpfis
vd;dhy; ciuf;f ,aYNkh?

,dpa nrhw;fs; nfhz;l jkpNo! ‘fw;f jFe;j E}y;fisf; Fw;wkwf; fw;f

Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW fw;w gpwF fw;w fy;tpf;Fj; jf;f newpapy; epw;f Ntz;Lk;’ vd;w
Fws; thu;j;ijfSf;Fs;Ns. vy;NyhUf;Fk; Gj;jpr; nrhy;ypf; fiuNaw;w eP ty;iy>
cdf;F mwpTiu $w ehd; ty;yNsh? Kd;G ehd; Fwpg;gpl;l cd; (jpUf;Fwspd;)
<ubf;Fs; vy;yh cyfKk; mlq;Fk; vd;Dk; NghJ ehybahy; ciuf;f NtW
epyKz;Nlh? (thkd mtjhuf; fij rpNyilahfr; Rl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ) Re;juu; ghba
xt;nthU ghly; mbf;Fk; Xuhapuk; nghd;idg; guprhf ms;sp ,iwf;Fk; vd;
jiytdhfpa <ridj; njUtpy; miye;J (guit ehr;rpahuplk;) Ntz;bj; J}J
nrhy;yp tUk;gb (Re;juuha;) mDg;gpdha;.

khz;gha; Xu; J}J nrhy;yp th vd;Ngd; vd; tUj;jk;

fhz;gha; vd; ngz;kjp eP fhzhNj – Mz;gidey;
Nfhfpyj;ij ehd; tpLg;Ngd; NfhfpyKk; fhf;ifapdk;
Mfp typahDf;F mQ;RNk – Mifapdhy;
(fz;zp 101-110)

mq;qdkpUe;Jk; (ngUQ;nry;tr; rpwg;Gs;s) cd;id vdf;fhfr; rpwg;Gs;s xU

J}J nrhy;yp th vd;W $Wfpd;Nwd;. eP vd; Jauj;ij kl;Lk; ghu;. vd; ngz;
Gj;jpiag; ghuhNj. eP (jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;) Mz; gidiag; ngz; gid Mf;fpdha;. eP
tsk; epiwe;j fhiuf;fhy; vd;Dk; gjpapy; fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahuhfTk;>
xsitahuhfTk; (ngz;fshfg;) gpwe;jha;. el;Gs;s jpyftjpahUld; (mtu; jk;gp
jpUehTf;furuhf) eP gpwe;jha;. tupirahd khspiffSk; jtKk;> jpahdKk; cila
ngupNahUk; epiwe;Js;s kJiu efupy;> epiwe;j jtk; Nru;e;j> cUj;jpuhl;rKk;>
ntz;zPWk; mwpe;j rptdbahiuf; fz;L cs;sKUFk; khdkpF kq;ifau;f;furpahupd;
FU jpUQhdrk;ge;juhf te;J Njhd;wpdha;.

69
 ,irQhdpahupd; cau;e;j kfdhd Re;juuhfj; Njhd;wp Nfhl;Gyp ehadhupd;
kfspuhfpa tdg;gifahu;> rpq;fbahu; vd;Dk; ,U ngz;fSf;F tsu;g;Gj;
je;ijahf ,Ue;J (ghly; rPu;fspy; mtu;fisr; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbr;) rPu; nra;jha;.
eP ,t;Tyfpy; ,t;thW ngz;fs; ey;tho;T ngwg; gpwe;Js;sikahy; vd; kdj;Js;s
Gz;fs; Mw mUs;Gupa Ntz;Lk;. xspAs;s jhkiu kyupy; thOk; md;dj;ij J}J
tpLf;ff; fUjpNdd;. Mdhy; (gpukdhfpa) md;dk; me;j <rid ,d;Dk;
fz;lwpatpy;iy vd;fpd;wdNu?

epiyahd vd; je;ijNa! mtu;ghy; xU tz;bidj; J}jDg;gyhk; vd;why;

(Kd;du; jUkpapd; nghUl;Lf; nfhq;FNju; tho;f;if mQ;rpiwj; Jk;gp fhkk; nrg;ghJ
fz;lJ nkhopNkh vd;W FWe;njhifg; ghly; xd;wpy; ghbaJ Nghy) mtu; fhkk;
nrg;ghNj vd;why; jpifj;J epw;FNk? xU khidj; jtwhky; Ngha;j; J}J nrhy;yp th
vd;W Ntz;lyhk;. Mdhy; Gypj;Njhyhy; Md mofpa Mil mzpe;j mg;gukdplk;
(Gypj; Njhyhil fz;L mQ;rp) khd; nry;yhJ. kw;Wk; ,dpa Fapiy J}J
tpLf;fyhk; vdpd; fhf;ifapdk; Mfpa mf;Fapy; jd; gifapdkhfpa typahd; vd;Dk;
fupf;FUtp rptd; mUfpy; ,Ug;gJ fz;L mQ;rp mtuplk; nry;yhJ.

,e;j kdj;ijj; J}jha; VFvd;Ngd; ,k;kdKk;

me;j kNdhjPju;ghy; mz;lhNj – ve;jtpjk;
fhupahu; ehupahu; fz;l ftpiag; gfpu
thup,yhf; fhdfj;jpy; te;jtu;Mu; - ehupndhLk;
(fz;zp 111-120)

Mjyhy; ,e;j vd; kdj;ijj; J}J nry; vdf; Nfl;fyhk; vd;why; kdj;jpw;F
vl;lhjtuhd mtiu mJTk; mZf KbahNj? vd; fhjiy ve;j tifapy; mtuplk;
njuptpg;gJ vd Vq;fpNdd;. nghd;kiy mida vd; jkpNo! vd; Jauidj;ijAk;
cd;dplNk $Wfpd;Nwd;. ,yf;fzj;jhu; ,aw;wpa (vJif> Nkhid Kjypa) 19291
njhilfisf; nfhz;Ls;s eP nrd;W> mt;tpiwtdplkUe;J vdf;F xU njhil
(khiy) thq;fp te;J cjt khl;lhNah? xg;gw;w fhisf; nfhb cila <rDld;
cdf;F vd;d NtWghL cs;sJ?

jUkp vd;Dk; GytDf;F xU ey;y tho;f;ifia mikj;Jf; nfhs;s> murd;

mwptpj;j nghw;fpop fpilf;f> cjTk; nghUl;Lf; ‘nfhq;F Nju; tho;f;if’ vd;W
njhlq;fpg; ghba nra;ASk;> ef;fPud; jdf;F ,irapy;yh tifapy; Ngrpdhd; vd;W
mtid ,fo;e;J nrhw;Nghupl;l cd; thf;Fk;> ,irAld; $ba ghly; Nfl;L ,uq;fpg;
ghzgj;jpuDf;F cjTk;gb Nfl;Lr; Nrukhd; ngUkhs; ehadhuplk NrUkhW (kjpkyp
Gupir) vd;Dk; rPl;Lf;ftp tpLj;j rpwg;Gk;> ghly; ,yf;fzq;fspy; ehthw;wy; epiwe;j
mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fzj;ij ed;F Muha;e;J mWgJ #j;jpuq;fspy;
ghbaUspa ,iwadhu; mfg;nghUs; E}ypd; fhl;rpAk;> Mfpa ,it khj;jpuNkh?
jkpNo! mtu; cd;Dld; $b Mba tpisahl;L xd;Nwh? md;W tlkJiuf;F cd;

70
gpd;du; ahu; te;jhu;? ghz;ba Nte;jd; Nky; fhupahu;> ehupahu; vd;W Gytu;fs; ghba
ftpijfisg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhf topawpa ,ayhf; fhl;by; ,iladhf te;jtu;
ahu;?

Nghw;wpcWk; gj;jpuw;fhg; Nghe;J fpocUtpy;

Njhw;wp tpwF Rke;jtu;Mu; - Njw;wp mtw;F
Xu;Kg;ghy; md;wp Ik;ghy; cs;sha; cidg;Nghyr;
rPu; Kg;gJk; gilj;j nry;tu; Mu; - Nrukhd;
(fz;zp 121-130)

md;Gld; jk;ikg; Nghw;wp topgLk; ghzgj;jpuUf;fhff; fpotbtpy; Njhd;wp

tpwF Rke;jtu; ahu;? mg;ghzgj;jpuiuj; njsptpj;J mtUf;F NtWahUk; nfhLf;f
Kbahj mofpa Mrdg; gyifia cl;fhUtjw;fhf ,l;ltu; ahu;? ,d;Dk;> mtu;
md;G kidtpf;F vjpuhf te;j tpwypia> mitf;Fr; nrd;W ,irahy; ntd;W>
tpyf;fp ntw;wpiag; (ghzgj;jpud; kidtpf;Nf) epiyf;fr; nra;jtu; ahu;? ,t;tupa
nray;fisr; nra;J njd;kJiuapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; nrhf;fu; cdf;Fs; mlf;fk;
my;yth?

jkpo;nkhopia ,fo;e;J tlnkhopapy; cs;s Ntj thu;j;ij jhk; <rDf;F

cfe;j cWjpnkhopfs; vd;ghu; rpyu; (<ridg; gw;wp czuhNjhNu mq;qdk; ciug;ghu;)
mopf;f tUk; Ntw;Wr; rkaq;fis mopf;Fk; rpq;fkhf (jpUQhdrk;ge;juhf) te;J
ghz;ba ehnlq;Fk; eP muDf;Fupa irt rkaj;ij epiyepWj;jpa me;ehspy;> tpiue;J
te;J Kjypy; itiaapy; rkzg; Gytu;fSld; Gdy;thjk; epfo;j;jp ntd;W irt
Ntjq;fis epiyf;fr; nra;jha;. Ma;e;J Nehf;fpd; mt;NtLfs; fiuapy; xJq;fpa
jpUNtlfk; vd;Dk; jpUj;jyNk me;epfo;r;rpf;Fr; rhd;W $whNjh? Ntjk; vd;Dk;
nja;tk; fjputd; xspAk; Eioah tz;zk; milj;j fjit eP jpwe;jha;. Ntjtdk;
vd;Dk; jpUkiwf;fhl;ilf; fz;lhy; mr;rpwg;igr; nrhy;yhNjh?

tlnkhopapyhd Ntjk; mkpo;jpDk; rpwe;jJ vd;W vz;zpa mfj;jpa

KdptUf;F vd; md;guhfpa <rd; cd;idf; fw;gpj;jhu;. mfj;jpaDf;Fs;s jkpo;
Kdptd; vd;Dk; ngaNu mjw;Fr; rhd;W jhuhNjh? jkpopy; jhd; mwk;>
nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vd;w ehw;nghUis Kg;ghypy;> Ntjk; tFj;jtdhfpa gpukd;
(jpUts;Stuhfg; gpwe;J) ghbdhu;. mr;nray; gw;wp (jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk;
E}ypy;) ,iwadhu; ghba ghlNy $whNjh? kwf;ftpayhj fy;tpapd; msitf;$l
mwpe;J ciuf;Fk; Ntjq;fshYk; fz;Lzu Kbahjtuhd <rd; fPNo epw;f eP
rq;fg;Gytuhf mofpa rq;fg;gyifapd; NkNy tPw;wpUe;jidNa> mJ xd;Nw> cd;
ngUikf;Fg; NghjhNjh?

vz;,we;j thrp mioj;jpl;lha; rJu;Ntjg;

gz;epiwe;j thrp gfuhNjh – mz;zyhu;

71
 myF mk;G mupf;Fk; mupahu; KbNta;e;J
cyfk; gupf;Fk; Kiwcs;shu; - gyehSk;
(fz;zp 131-139)

,iwtDld; vz;zw;w eupfshfpa Fjpiufis khzpf;fthrfu; nghUl;L eP

tutioj;jha;. mg;gukd; Vwp te;j ehd;F Ntjq;fshfpa Fjpiu mjw;Fr;
rhd;whfhNjh? midtu;f;Fk; jiytuhfpa <rd; njd;jpiria tpUk;gp te;J MLk;
nranyy;yhk; cd;dplj;jpy; mtu; nfhz;l md;ghy;jhd; vd;gij may; ehLfspYk;
mwpahu; ahu;? jkpo; vd;Dk; cd; ngaiu gopepiwe;j gpwjpir nkhopahsu; (o
fuj;ij cr;rupf;f mwpahikapd;) jpUj;jkhfr; nrhy;yhu;. jpUtha;nkhop ghLk;
itztu;fs; kzpg;gpuths eilapy; ehl;lKs;stuhjypd; Fowpf;FowpNa ciug;gu;.

jk;Kila mopahj cUtpid tpUk;gp ,Uf;F Kjypa Ntjq;fs; Xj

Kad;Wk; mtw;Wf;F mupatuhf cs;s> Kf;jp mspf;Fk; jpUthytha; vd;Dk;
kJiuapy; vOe;jUsp ,Uf;Fk; nry;td;> xg;gw;w jpUkhy; tlkJiuf;F tUtjw;F
Kd;dNu vLj;j (kr;r) tbtk; ,Jjhd; vd;W nrhy;Yk;gb ngupa kJiu efupy;
kPd;nfhbia cau;j;jp murhz;l Re;ju ghz;badhfpa rptd;> mbatu; Jau; jPu;f;Fk;
rf;jp Njtpapd; jpUNkdpapy; xU ghfj;jpy; jioj;J kfpo;e;jpUe;jtd;> mq;Nf
gpwe;jikapdhNyNa mbatu;f;F Kf;jp mspg;gjhy; rPtd; Kf;jpGuk; vdg; ngau;ngw;w
kJiuapy; xU gFjpapy; Rak;Gypq;fkhf Kisj;Jj; Njhd;wpatd;.

,;t;Tyif vl;Lj; jpirfspYk; ahidfs; Rkg;gJ Nghy; vl;L ahidfs;

Rkf;Fk; mofpa NfhapYs; ciwe;jpUf;Fk; Gz;zpad;> ,iwtd; ciwag;
nghUe;Jk; ,lKk;> NfhapYk; ,JNt vd te;J tho;j;jpj; Jjpf;Fk;> vd;idf; ftu;e;j
fhe;jd;> nfhy;Yk; ngupa EdpAila mk;ghfp Kg;Guk; vupf;Fk; NghJ jd;
ifapypUe;j jpUkhYf;F mwpa mupatu;> Kb#b ,t;Tyfj;ijg; ghJfhj;J MSk;
KiwAilatu;.

epd;wT+u;g; G+ryhu; ePL,untyhk; epide;J

Fd;W NghNy rikj;j NfhapYk; - ed;wpjUk;
nra;jha; ehy;Ntjk; jpifj;J xJq;fg; gpj;jd; vd;W
itjha; eP itjhYk; tho;j;jhNk – nka;jhd;
(fz;zp 140-150)

jpUepd;wT+iur; Nru;e;j G+ryhu; ehadhu; gy ePz;l ,uTfspy; vy;yhk; epide;J

epide;J jd; cs;sj;jpNyNa Fd;W Nghyg; ngupjhf mikj;j NfhapYk;>
midtu;f;Fk; ed;ik jUk; jhahd fq;ifiar; #bAs;s rilKb FspUk;gb
fz;zg;g ehadhu; jk; thapypUe;J ckpo;e;j rpwe;j ePuhl;L ePUk;> J}a kioiaj;
je;J Jd;GWj;jpr; Nrhjidapd; gpd; Ml;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpUf;Fwpg;G njhz;lu;

72
JzpJitf;Fk; Jiwapy; md;Gld; mspj;j cilAk;> md;G vd;Wk; jzpahj
khdf;fQ;rhwdhu; ,d;gkhfr; rhj;Jk; mofpa jiykapiur; Rw;wp mzpAk; gQ;rtbAk;>

mofpa fhis thfdKila <rd; fhkidf; fz;L Kd;du; rpde;J rpte;j

fz;Nghy;> %u;j;jp ehadhu; md;gpdhy; jk; Koq;ifiaj; Nja;j;Jj; je;j rpte;j
re;jdKk;> ehlhSk; kd;dd; jd; Fbkf;fisf; fhg;gJ Nghy capu;fs; midj;ijAk;
fhf;Fk; jpUkhy; #l;ba mtu; fz;zhfpa kyUk;> ,iwtdplj;Jf; nfhz;l ngUq;
fhjypdhy; rhf;fpa ehadhu; rhj;jpa mofpa Fspu;e;j (fy;) kyUk;> <rd;
cz;Zjw;fhf ,isahd;Fb khw ehadhu; rikj;jspj;j czTk;> rpWj;njhz;l
ehadhu; mspj;j ngUik kpf;f gps;isf;fwpAk;> mupths;jhau; je;j khtLTk;>

tpyf;f ,ayhj fhupUs; epiwe;j ,utpy; fzk;Gy;y ehadhu; jk;

jiyKbNky; rpwg;Gld; Vw;wpa rpte;j tpsf;Fk;> Mfpa mUk;nghUl;fisg; gilj;J
tzq;fg;gLk; mofpa new;wpf;fz;zDf;F ,tw;wpDk; cau;e;j G+irg;nghUs; je;J
ahuhy; tzq;f ,aYk;? cikats; md;guhfpa <rd; Mjpapy; ek;gp M&uuhfpa
Re;juiug; ghu;j;J ‘vdf;F ,dpa mu;r;rid (jkpo;g;) ghl;Nl MFk;. vdNt jkpo;r;
nrhw;fs; nfhz;L vd;idg; ghLf’ vdf; $wpAs;sikahy;> mtu; nrhy;ypa gbNa eP
nra;jha;. mtiuj; Jjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ehd;F tlnkhop Ntjq;fSk; jpifj;J
xJq;fp epw;f eP mtiug; gpj;jd; vd;W (Re;juu; %yk;) itjha;. mg;gb eP itJk;
mtUf;F tho;j;jhfp tpl;lJ.

,Ue;jkpNo cd;dhy; ,Ue;Njd; ,ikNahu;

tpUe;J mkpo;jk; vd;whYk; Ntz;Nld; - tUe;jpdd; khy;
mg;gdpahy; thlhNj ahu;f;Fk; Jau;xopj;jha;
,g;gdpahy; thlhJ ,uq;fhNah – mg;giu
(fz;zp 151-160)

ehd; $wpaJ Kw;Wk; cz;ikNa> ngUik kpf;f jkpNo! cd; Jizahy;jhd;

ehd; ,t;Tyfpy; tho;e;jpUf;fpNwd;. fz;zpikf;fhj Njtu;fs; cz;Zk; Gjpa
mKjNk fpilj;jhYk; tpUk;Ngd;. ,f;fhjyhy; ehd; tUe;JfpNwd;. fhk kaf;fkhfpa
nty;Yk; ngupa ahid cz;l tpsq;fdp Nghy; ntw;Wlk;G jhq;fpAs;Nsd;. tpuf
Ntjidahfpa fy;ahid jpd;W vwpe;j rf;iff; fUk;ghNdd;. ey;y mtiuf; nfhb
glu;e;j ge;jypd; fPo; cs;s epoiyj; Njb mile;jtupd; mwpT Nja;e;J NghtJ Nghy;
thbNdd;. nfhba gdpahy; thLk; nre;jhkiu kyiu xj;Njd;.

Xlj;jpd; kPJ Vwp jpUf;nfhs;sk;G+J}u; vd;Dk; jyj;jpy; ngUfp te;j

ngUnts;sj;ijj; jpUQhdrk;ge;juhff; fle;j eP vd;id vd; fhjy; kaf;fkhfpa
nts;sj;jpy; ,Ue;J flj;jpf; fiuapy; tpl Ntz;lhNth? jkpio tpyf;fpj; js;s>
khWghL nfhz;L Nghupl;l rkzu;fisr; rk;ge;ju; %yk; fONtwr; nra;jha;. vd;dplk;
rPwpte;j kd;kjid mt;thW fONtw;w khl;lhNah? jpUePw;iw kl;Lk; G+rpNa

73
(jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; %yk;) mk;kJiuapy; ghz;ba kd;dDf;F ePf;fupa KJFf; $id eP
ePf;fpdha;. kd;kjd; tpy;yhfpa nrq;fUk;gpd; tisit ePf;fp mt;tpy; mtDf;F
cjthky; nra;a khl;lhah?

me;jf; $d; ghz;baDf;F clypy; Vw;gl;l ntg;g Nehia eP

(jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; %yk;) ePf;fpdha;. mJ Nghy; vd; tpuf Ntjidahfpa ntg;G
Nehiaj; jPu;f;f khl;lhah? eP vdf;F cjTtjpy; jtwpy;iyNa? jpUehTf;furUf;Fr;
rkzu;fs; ghYld; fye;J Cl;ba eQ;ir mKjhf;fpdha;. ,d;W vdf;F czT vd;W
nrhy;yp ,tu;fs; Mf;fp mspj;j eQ;ir mKjhf;f khl;lhah? (mdy; thjj;jpd;
nghOJ jkpo; VLfisr; rk;ge;ju; neUg;gpy; ,l;lNtis) xUtuhYk; ePq;fpj; jg;g
Kbahj nfhba neUg;gpy; fple;Jk; nte;J Nghfhky; ,Ue;jha; vd;W $Wtu;. fhkk;
vd;Dk; rpte;j neUg;G vd;idr; RlhjpUf;FkhW nra;a khl;lhah? rk;ge;juhf te;J
nfhq;F ehl;Lj; jpUr;nrq;Nfhl;by; nfhba gdpahy; thlhj tz;zk; mq;Fs;s ahtu;
Jauj;ijAk; ePf;fpdha;. ,q;F vd;id thl;Lk; fhkk; vd;Dk; gdpahy; ehd; thlhj
tz;zk; nra;a kdkpuq;f khl;lhNah?

ikf;fly; nfhy;yhjgb td;fy; kpjg;gpj;jha;

mf;fly; nfhy;yhky; cwthf;fhNah – kpf;F cau;e;j
NjR ,tUk; nrhf;fUf;Nf nrd;wpUe;J Mq;F mtiug;
Ngrp tUk; J}J gpwpJ cz;Nlh - NernkhL
(fz;zp 161-169)

mg;gu; ngUkhidf; fupa fly; nfhd;W tplhjgb> mtiuf; fl;bapUe;j typa

fy;iy kpjf;f itj;jha;. mg;gbg;gl;l eP tpuff; fly; nfhy;yhky; vdf;F
cwthFk;gb nra;akhl;lhNah? kpFjpahf kuq;fs; cau;e;J tpsq;fpa kd;wj;jpy;
Mz;gidia (jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; ghbajhy;) ngz;gid Mf;fpdha;. mg;gid
Nky; ,Ue;J $tp vd; Jaiug; gd;klq;fhf;Fk; md;wpy; gwitia NtNwhu;
gwitahf khw;wptplf; $lhNjh? goq;fhyj;Nj njd; nghjpif kiyr; re;jdj;JlDk;
njd;wYlDk; xd;whfg; gpwe;J cwT nfhz;bUe;j eP ,d;W vdf;Fg; gifahfpr; RLk;
re;jdj;ijAk; njd;wiyAk; vd;dplk; el;Gld; ,Uf;FkhW cwthf;f khl;lhah?

cdf;F Kd; ,Ue;J ghLk; ,ir midj;ijAk; cd; cupikg; ngz;fshfr;

Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;lha;. vd; tpufj;jhy; vdf;Fg; gifahfptpl;l mt;tpiria vd;Dld;
gif nfhs;shjpUf;Fk;gb $w khl;lhNah? (jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;) ghly;fs; ghbajhy;
Kj;Jf;fshy; Md rpd;dk;> fhsk;> gy;yf;F> ge;jy; vy;yhk; ngw;wha;. nghd; mida
jkpNo! mk;Kj;Jf;fs; vd;idr; RlhJ Fspu;e;J ehd; mzpAkhW G+l;lhNah?
ntFfhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng ,we;jts; vYk;Gfis (jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; ghbajhy;) G+k;ghit
vd;Dk; ngz; Mf;fpdha;. fhkj;jhy; nkype;J vYk;ghfptpl;l vd; clk;igAk; eP
mofpa ghit Mf;f khl;lhah?

74
 FLk;gj;Njhu; kaq;f> %d;whz;LfSf;F Kd;du; Kjiy thapy; rpf;fp ,we;J
Nghd gps;isia (Re;juu; Nfl;ljhy;) kPz;Lk; capUld; tUkhW gilj;jha;> vdNt
ehd; ,we;jhYk; kPz;Lk; gilf;f ty;yha;. nghUe;Jk; nrhw;fisNa ,ts;
$wpas;shs; vd;W vd; nrhy;iy nrtpapy; thq;fpf; nfhz;L nry;tha;. ,q;Nf kPz;Lk;
tuhkypUf;f vz;zp tplhNj. ngha; fythj (cz;ik xspepiwe;j nrhf;fuplk; nrd;W
J}Jiuf;fr; rkak; ghu;j;jpUe;J mtu; kdj;Jf;F ,irAkhW NgrptUk; J}J
cd;idj; jtpu NtW cz;Nlh?

ijtupDk; fhl;lj; jfhjhiuj; jhijau;f;Ff;

iftpuyhy; fhl;b mUs;fhisAk; - nja;tnts;spg;
nty;tha; cid epide;J NtAW Njhsp vd;W
nrhy;thu; jk; fhupak; rpj;jpf;FNk – nry;tha;
(fz;zp 170-180)

md;Gld; kdj;jhy; jltpj; NjbdhYk; fhl;l ,ayhjtuhfpa <ridj;

je;ijahu;f;Fj; jk; ifapd; Rl;L tpuyhy; Rl;bf;fhl;ba fhisahfpa
jpUQhdrk;ge;jUk;> nja;tpfkhd nts;spkiyahfpa ifyhaj;jpy; tPw;wpUf;Fk;
gukidf; fz;L Jjpf;f Kad;W> mtu; mUspdhy;> mtiuj; jpUitahw;wpy; jkf;F
Mjutspj;J Ml;nfhs;sf; fz;l jpUehTf;furUk;> capu;fspd; ehjuhfpa <rd; mse;J
mspj;j nrk;nghd;id kzpKj;jhw;wpy; ,l;Lj; jpUth&u;f; Fsj;jpy; Njb vLj;j
jiytuhfpa Re;juUk;> tsk; epiwe;j jpUf;fhsj;jpapNy fpilj;j rptd; mUl;fhl;rp
fapiyf; fhl;rpNa vdg; ngUik ePsg; ghba ef;fPuu; ePay;yth?

NkYk; Nfs;! jkf;F mk;ik ,y;yhjtUk;> Xu; Viog; ngz;Zf;Fj; jhNk

jhahf ,Ue;J NgW ghu;j;jtUk; Mfpa <rd; mk;ikNa vd;W Kd;du; mioj;j
fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahuhfTk;> ntz;ik epwKs;s fhisiaj; jk; thfdkhff;
nfhz;l> capu;fspd; muruhd ,iwtd; jkf;nfjpNu mDg;gpa nts;isahid
NkNypwf; fapiy nrd;w tpj;jfuhfpa Re;juuhfTk;> cly; KOJk; kpFjpahf
ctu;kz; gbe;jpUe;j tz;zhidAk; js;shJ> mt;Ttu; kz;izj; jpUePW
vdf;nfhz;L gzpe;J tzq;fpj; njhz;L nra;j md;guhfpa Nrukhd; ngUkhs;
ehadhuhfTk;> gy tbtq;fspy; vq;Fk; Rw;wpj; jpupe;J> njd;ifapyha kiyr;
nry;tuhfpa <rd;ghy; nrd;whNa? cd; ifapy; ,ayhj nray; vd xd;Wz;Nlh?

vdNt> vd; md;idahfpa kPdhl;rpAk;> mts; clypd; xU ghfkhf mku;e;j

vd; Neruhfpa nrhf;fUk;> mtu;fs; kfdhd (KUfdpd; mk;rkhfpa) cf;fpuFkhu
ghz;baDk; muR Gupe;J fhf;Fk; njd;kJiuf;F> ,dpa nrk;ikahd topahfr;
nry;Yf. eP nry;Yk; top ey;y topahf mikal;Lk;. mJ vd;d top vd;why; ehd;
nrhy;fpNwd;. Nfs;. ve;j topapy; nrd;whYk; ntw;wp ngWfpd;wtd; eP cd;id
epidj;J ‘NtAW Njhsp’ vdj; njhlq;fp jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; ghba NfhsW gjpfj;ijg;
ghbr; nry;NthUila fhupaq;fs; vy;yhk; epiwNtWNk.

75
 jilcz;Nlh IahW jd;dpNy nghd;dp
,iltpyq;fr; nrd;wJ mwpNaNdh - ,ilapNy
myF mk;G mupf;Fk; mupahu; KbNta;e;J
cyfk; gupf;Fk; Kiwcs;shu; - gyehSk;
(fz;zp 181-190)

vdf;fhfr; nry;tha;. cdf;F VJk; jilAz;Nlh? jpUitahw;wpy; fhtpupapd;

nts;sk; ,ilapy; jLj;Jk; Re;juuhfpa eP fle;J nrd;wJ mwpNaNdh? nry;Yk;
topapy; jpUedpgs;sp vd;Dk; Cupy; ghiy epyj;ijj; jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; %yk; nea;jy;
epykhfg; gz;zpdha;. ,d;Dk; eP me;jg; ghiyiar; Nrhiyahff; $l khw;wptpLtha;.
cdf;F ehd; vd;d nrhy;tJ? midtUf;Fk; Nkyhdtuhfpa <rd;> ahtUk; Gfo
(jpUg;igQ;QPyp vDk; Cupy; ehTf;furuhfpa) cdf;Ff; fl;Lr;NrhW nfhz;L te;J
je;jhu;. ,g;gb ,Uf;f cd; gazj;Jf;fhf ehd; NtW fl;Lr;NrhW fl;bj; ju
Ntz;LNkh?

jw;ngUik nfhz;L> E}w;nghUs; czuhky; cd;idr; rpyu; fw;ghu;@ mtu;fs;

cz;ikg; nghUs; czuhu;@ NkYk; mtu;fs; fhR gzk; fpilj;jhy; cd;id tpw;W
tpLthu;fs;. mj;jifNahu;ghy; eP nry;yhNj. rpyu; fw;wtu;fisf; fz;L vs;sp
eifg;ghu;fs;. fw;wtu; nrhy;Yk; nghUs; Nfl;L ,d;Gw khl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fisf; fz;L
eha; Nghyf; Fiug;ghu;fs;. mtu;fs; mUNf eP neUq;fhNj. ed;D}ypd; njspe;j jkpo;g;
ghapuk;> khztu; ghlk; Nfl;Fk; Kiw gw;wp Kd;du;f; $wpAs;sgb gbf;fhky; epiwaf;
fw;Wtpl;ljhf Mapukha;f; Fowpg; Ngrpj; jpupthu;fs;ghy; neUq;fhNj.

Ma;e;jwpa Ntz;ba E}y;fisf; fy;yhj KO Kl;lhs;fsplk; ePjp Kiw $Wk;

E}y;fis tpsf;Fjy; mwpahikahFk;. E}w; Gyikapd; ngUikia czuhjtd;
Kd;du; nrd;W jd; Gyikiaf; fhl;LgtDk; mwptw;wtNd. mj;jifatd; Kd;
ehzhky; ,uhNj! mtdplk; E}ypd; ngUikiag; NgrhNj. fw;Fk; topawpe;J
fy;yhikahy; tPzhf mitiaf; fz;L mQ;rp eLq;fpg; NgRthu;ghy; NghfhNj.
mtu;fSld; $b ,uhNj. cd; mUik mwpe;J cd;idg; Nghw;whjtuplk; eP vijAk;
Ntz;lhNj. mopahj rpwe;j nry;tk; fy;tpNa vdj; (jpUf;Fwspy; mwptpj;jJ) mjid
eP mzpahfg; G+z;lha;. vdNt rpwe;j nghUs; ePjhd; md;Nwh?

tyth ey MtLJiwapy; cd;Nghy;

cythf;fpop ngw;whu; cz;Nlh – ey ,Ug;GmJ
Nru;e;jJ cd;ghy; md;Nwh jpUg;ghw;fly; mKjk;
Mu;e;jtu;f;F my;yhJ grp MWNkh – Nru;e;J cd;id
(fz;zp 191-197)

76
 vd;id Ml;nfhz;l ty;ytNd! eyk; kpFe;j jpUthtLJiwapy;
(jpUQhdrk;ge;juhfp) ,iwtdplkpUe;J vd;Wk; FiwahJ epiwe;jpUf;Fk;
nghd;Kbg;ig eP ngw;wJ Nghy;> nghd; ngw;Nwhu; NtW ahUk; cz;Nlh? ey;ynjhU
Nfhapy; fl;Ltjw;fhd typa nrq;fy;iyr; Re;juUf;fhfj; jpUg;GfY}upy;
nghd;dhf;fpdha;. kz; cyF KOtijANk eP cau;e;j nghd;dhf;fptpLk; typik
cilaha;. cyNfhu; tpUg;Gld; Nehf;Fk; G+k;Gfhu; gw;wpf; fbaY}u;
cUj;jpuq;fz;zdhu; ghba xg;gw;w tQ;rp neLk; ghl;lhfpa gl;bdg;ghiy vDk;
E}Yf;Fr; Nrho murdplk; gjpdhW Nfhbg; nghd; gupR nfhz;lJ cd; ntw;wpay;yth?

nghUisj; Njb midtu;f;Fk; mUs;GupAk; ey;ytu;f;F te;Jw;w tWikapYk;

fy;yhj %luplk; Nru;e;j nry;tk; kpfj; Jd;gk; jUtJ vd;gij eP fz;Lzu;e;jha;.
vdNt> fy;yhjtuplk; nry;yhNj! cs;sj;jpy; md;G ,y;yhjtu; ,e;jpuidg; Nghy;
nry;tr; rpwg;Gld; tho;e;jhYk; mtuplk; NghfhNj! mtu;fs; ,y;yj;jpy; czT
nfhs;shNj! fw;Nwhu;> fy;tpahy; jhk; ,d;gkiltJ NghyNt cyfpy; fw;Nwhu;
midtUk; ,d;gk; miltijf; fz;L mf;fy;tpghy; tpUg;gk; nfhs;tu;’ vd;W
kfhftpQuhfpa ts;Stu; $wpAs;s> ngUQ;rpwg;G cdf;F kl;Lky;yth> ,Uf;fpwJ?
jpUg;ghw;flypy; Njhd;wpa mKjkhfNt ,Ug;gpDk; cz;ltu;f;Fj; jtpu
cz;zhjhu;f;Fg; grp jzpANkh?

ek;ghjhu; tPjp eZfhNj ey;yhu;fs;

jk;ghy; ,Ue;J jupj;J Vfp – tk;ghfg;
rpq;fh jdj;jpy; rpwe;jjpU Nthyf;fk;
vq;fhfpYk; xUtUf;F va;JNkh – igq;foy;#o;
(fz;zp 198-208)

cd;Dld; Nru;e;jpUe;J cd;id ek;ghjtu;fs; thOk; tPjpfis mZfhNj

ey;ytu;fsplk; kl;LNk jq;fpr; nry;. mt;thW ey;yijNa Vw;Wr; nrd;W> vd;Wk;
GJikahd> akd; GwKJfpl;L XLk;gb ngUfpNahLk; itia ejpapd; Kd;Ngha;>
nts;sg; ngUf;fpd; vjpu;j;jpirapy; %o;fp ePuhb> md;Gld; tzq;fpa gpd;du;> kpf
tpupthd ,yf;fzq;fisf; fw;wtu; cs;sk;Nghy; Mokhf cs;s mfopiaf; fle;J
nrd;W> kJiuiar; #o;e;Js;s NkYk; NkYk; cau;e;J Xq;fp epw;Fk; Ntjk; Nghy>
thdj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhf cau;e;J tpsq;Fk; Nfhl;il kjpiyf; fle;J Nghdhy;>

];kpUjpfisAk;> Guhzq;fisAk;> fiyfisAk;> Nghy; NtW NtW msTfspy;

Njhd;Wk; jpUtPjpfis tyk; te;J> ,k;ik> kWik vDk; ,UikapYk; njhlUk;
ey;tpid jPtpidfis tpul;Lk; rpt Mfkq;fisg; Nghy> Kf;jp mspf;Fk; tpij
vdg; ngupNahu; $Wk; jpUf;NfhapYs; Eioe;J> eP njd;jpirapy; epd;W Kjypy;
tzq;fpagpd;> nrhf;fUf;F Kjd;Kjypy; Nju; nra;J toq;fpa mgpN\f gz;lhuk;
vd;w Kdptupd; md;G Nghy Kiwg;gb mike;Js;s Nfhapy; jsj;jpd; nghUj;jKk;>

77
 jd;idNa mwpe;J njspe;j> jtNtlk; G+z;Nlhu; rptNyhfk; Nru;e;J mq;NfNa
jq;fpa ,Ug;gjw;fhf VWk; gbfisj; jhq;fpAs;s Vzpiag; Nghy;> ngUikAld;
cau;e;J epw;Fk; jiyik tha;e;j NfhGuq;fSk;> ehd;khlf; $ly; vd;Dk; mk;kJiu
khefupy; Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; tUzd; Nfhgj;jpypUe;J me;efiuf; fhg;gjw;fhf <rd;
Mizg;gb ehd;F Nkfq;fs; Nru;e;J epd;wJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk; kz;lgKk;> G+f;fisg;
nghUe;jpj; NjDz;Zk; tz;bidg; Nghyg; Ngha; khspiffspy; tupirahf
mike;jpUf;Fk; miwfspd; xOq;ifAk; fz;L kfpo;e;J> ,e;jpudhy; mikf;fg;gl;l>
khzpf;fq;fs; ,ioj;j mupahrdj;jpy; rpwg;Gld; nfhY tPw;wpUf;Fk; nrhf;fehjiuj;
juprpf;fyhk;. ,g;NgW NtW xUtUf;Ff; fpl;LNkh?

Njq;fkyj; NjR njuprdk; nra;J mtu;f;Nf

g+q;fkyf; fz; nfhLj;j Gj;NjSk; - Xq;F mky
nrUf;Fk; rpNefk; cw;w NjtpAlNd
,Uf;Fk; rpdfuj;Js; va;jpg; - nghUf;nfdg;Ngha;
(fz;zp 209-218)

gRk;nghd;dhyhfpa foy; mzpe;j ,dpa jhkiu kyu; Nghd;w> xspjpfOk;

jpUtbfisj; juprpj;J> me;j <rDf;Fj; jd; jhkiu kyu; mida fz;izg; gwpj;Jr;
rhj;jpa jpUkhYk;> cau;e;j> khrw;w> Fiwapy;yhj (<rd;) jpUtbfspy; nrUf;fhy;>
tzq;fhikahy; jd; Ie;J jiyfspy; xd;iw <rd; ifapy; (mtd; fps;sptplNt
xl;bf; nfhz;ljhy;) fghykhFk;gb mspj;j gpukDk;> typik> ,oe;j
ngUik ,uz;ilAk; kPz;Lk; jhd; ngwr; nra;j flk;ghltp vd;Dk; kJiuf;Ff;
Nfhapypy; tpkhdj;ij mikj;J mspj;j thdtu; jiytd; ,e;jpuDk;>

mq;Nf> ,iwtdpd; Njd; epiwe;j mofpa kyu; Nghd;w jpUtbfis neQ;rpy;

gjpj;J tzq;f> mq;qdk; tzq;FNthupd; kzpKbfs; ,iwtdp;d; ghjq;fis
mOj;jhj tz;zk; ePf;fp xOq;FgLj;Jk; fzehjUk;> tpyf;f Ntz;ba vd Md;Nwhu;
$Wk; ntWg;G> rpdk; Mfpa cl;giffis mopj;Jtpl;l> typik kpf;f nka;Q;Qhdk;
gilj;j Kdptu;fSk; Gil#o;e;jpUf;f> jPikaw;w mupa ,e;jpud;> akd; Kjypa
vz;jpirf; fhtyu;fs; fz;zhb Kjypatw;iwj; jhq;fp epd;W> ghu;itf; Fwpg;gwpe;J
Vty; nra;a>

Jjpj;j tz;zk; mRtpdp kUj;Jtu; ,Utu;> tRf;fs; vz;ku;> $bepw;Fk;

Uj;jpuu;fs; gjpndhUtu; Mjpj;ju; gd;dpUtu; Mfpa Kg;gj;J %d;W Njtu;fSk;
gzpnra;a> juprdk; Ntz;b Kd;Nd epw;Fk; mbatu; $l;lk; ejpfspd; nts;sk; Nghy
ngUfp ,Ug;gijf; fz;L> ee;jpNjtu; jk; gpuk;ig Xq;Ftijf; fz;L mQ;rp
mbahu;fs; nts;sk; ,Ugf;fKk; xJq;Ftjhy;> fe;jUtu;> fpd;duu; Kjypa gjpndl;Lf;
Fyq;fisr; Nru;e;j Njtu;fs; mzpe;Js;s Nfhbf;fzf;fhd kFlq;fSk;> gjpndl;L
NtWgl;l nkhop NgRk; ehLfisr; Nrue;j muru;fs; #ba Kbfshy;

78
neupa> ,t;Tyfpy; ngz;ikr; nrUf;Fk;> el;Gk; nfhz;l mq;faw;fz; mk;ikahk;
NjtpAld; <rd; nfhYtPw;wpUf;Fk; jpUf;NfhapYf;Fs; Eioe;J>

ve;jha; vd;W Vj;Jk; ,ilf;fhld; gpd;Nghd

nre;jhkiu Nghy; jpUj;jhSk; - te;Jkdk;
fz;L fsp$u;e;J frpe;J frpe;J cs;cUfpj;
njhz;L nra;J jhs;KbNky; #bNa – kz;Lk;
(fz;zp 219-230)

cs;Ns tpiue;J nrd;W “vd; je;ijNa! ghz;ba kd;dd; vd;id

kjpahikahy; tUe;Jk; vd; Jaiug; Nghf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd Ntz;ba ,ilf;fhld;
vd;Dk; Gytidg; gpd;njhlu;e;J nrd;w nre;jhkiu mida jpUtbfisAk;>
rd;djpf;F te;J kdk; njspe;J> jd; fOj;ijj; jhNd mupe;Jnfhs;sj; njhlq;fpa
njd;ghz;ba kd;dd;> fhy; khw;wp MLk;gb tpLj;j Ntz;LjYf;F ,uq;fp ,lf;fhiy
Cd;wp> tyf;fhiy cau;j;jp khw;wp Mba mofpa njhiliaAk;> Nghu;g;gapw;rp
fw;gpf;Fk; xU gzpf;fd; nghUl;L> mtd; giftidr; rpde;J Nghu; Gupar; nrd;w
NghJ> MAjKk; cilthSk; Nru;j;J mofpa fr;rpdhy; fl;ba ,iliaAk;>

rptj;njhz;L nra;J topgl;l te;jp vd;Dk; Kjpats; nghUl;L itifapy;

nts;sk; te;j NghJ fiuia milj;J> mjw;Ff; $ypahf mts; jd; Jzp epiwa
toq;fpa gpl;il ms;sp cz;L grp jPu;j;Jf; nfhz;l tapw;iwAk;> jhk; xU jhia
mz;b Kiyg;ghy; mUe;jp mwpahjtuhf ,Ue;Jk;> jhia ,oe;j gd;wpf; Fl;bfspd;
thapy; jhNk jha;g;gd;wpahf te;J Kiyg;ghy; Cl;ba> Mguzq;fs; mzpe;j
khu;igAk;> J}a cau;e;j mzpg; nghd;dhy; Md Kbapy; gjpg;gjw;fhf xU ghz;ba
kd;dDf;F khzpf;fk; nfhz;L te;J tpw;w kyu; Nghd;w ifiaAk;>

jdf;Fupa mofpa> jiofs; epiwe;j Mj;jpkyu; khiy mzpahky;> NrhkRe;ju

ghz;badhf kJiuia Mz;likahy; ghz;ba Fyj;jhUf;Fupa Ntg;gk;G+ khiyia
mzpe;j mfd;w Njhs;fisAk;> mopf;f te;j nfhba fhf;ifiag; Nghupy; ntd;W
tho;tjw;fhff; fupf;FUtpapd; fhjpy; cgNjrk; $wpa fdp mida thiaAk;>
jPikaw;w nrhw;fspd; thapyhf cs;s (jkpohfpa) eP jq;fp ,Ue;J thOk;gb cdf;F
muz;kidahff; nfhLj;j Fio mzpe;j fhijAk;>

tzpf Fyj;ijr; Nru;e;j ngz; xUj;jp> jd; ike;jdpd; nrhj;Jf;fis mtd;

jhaj;jhu; ngha; tof;Fj; njhLj;Jf; ftu Kida Mjutpd;wpf; fz;zPu; ngUf;fp
mOjNghJ khkdhf te;J md;Gld; mutizj;J> tof;Fiuj;Jj; jk; fz;zPuhy;
mts; Jauj;ij Mw;wpaUspa fz;fisAk;> njspe;j ew;gz;GfisAila
khzpf;fthrfu; ghba ,irAld; $ba ghlYf;fhfTk;> te;jp vd;w ngz; je;j
gpl;bDf;fhfTk;> fz;epiwaf; fz;L fspg;gile;J> cs;sk; frpe;J cUfpg; ngUfj;
njhz;L nra;J mtu; jpUg;ghjq;fs; KbNky; gl tzq;fp>

79
 cLf;Fyk; jk;Nfhf;Fyk; vd;W cw;wwpe;jhy; vd;d
mLf;F ,yq;F jPgk; vjpuhff; - fLj;jpNly;
vk;Fyj;jhu; Mapdhu; vd;Wgpiw Njhw;Wjy;Nghy;
Jq;f KbNky; Fil ntz;Nrhjptplg; - nghq;fpvOk;
(fz;zp 231-240)

tpz;kPd; $l;lq;fs;> NrhkRe;juu; jq;fs; murd; re;jpudpd; Fykhfpa ghz;ba

Fyj;jpy; te;jtu; vd;W mwpe;J mUfpy; neUq;fp te;Jw;wJ Nghy; mLf;fLf;fhf
tpsq;Fk; jPgk; vjpNu Njhd;w> ‘<rNd> vd;dplk; rpdk; nfhs;shNj. eP xU fhyj;jpy;
Nrhodhfj; jpUth&upy; Ml;rp Gupe;jjhy; cd; Fyj;jpy; ntk;ikahd fjputDk;
cz;L@ ghz;ba tk;rj;jpy; Njhd;wpajhy; ntz;epyTk; cz;L” vd;gJ Nghy; jq;fj;
jPgKk;> Kj;Jj; jPgKk; mire;J vupa> “eP xg;gw;w kPd;nfhbiaNa cau;j;jpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhy; mijf; fz;L Vq;Fk; ehd; vq;fpUg;gJ” vd;W xspAs;s (,iwtdpd;
nfhba) tpil ciug;gJ Nghy; Mq;Nf ,lg tpsf;Fr; rpdj;Jld; rpte;J> vupa>

ePq;fhj mUs; nfhz;L jhNk gd;wp vDk; tpyq;F tbtpy; te;jikahy;

kfpo;e;J GUlhkpf;f jPgk; Nghw;w> re;jpu Fyj;jhuhfpa ghz;bau; jk; giftuhd Nrho
Fyj;jhupd; topKjy;tdhd #upad; tuf;fz;L eLf;fKw;wJNghy; mUfpy; cs;s
G+irj; jl;Lf;fs; mira> #upad;> re;jpud; Mfpa ,URlu;fspDk; rpwe;j Rlu;
jkpohfpa ePjhd; vd;W nrhf;fu; Rl;bf; fhl;LtJ Nghy; ml;ru Myj;jp xspAld;
tpsq;f> jkf;Fupa kidtpahfpa cikAld;> vdf;Fk; gae;J xspe;J nfhz;lhu;
vd;W fq;if NjLjy; Nghy; cs;Ns ePu; mlq;fpa> nghd; Fk;gtpsf;F vjpNu fw;w>

gf;jpr; nrhw;fSf;F kdKUFk; md;G epiwe;J fiue;J kiwjy; mUSk;

Kf;jp (fw;G+uk; xspahfpf; fiue;J kiwjy; Nghy; mbatUk; ,iwtDld; xsp
tbtpy; fyj;jy;) ,Jjhd; vd;gJ Nghy; fw;G+uj;jl;by; jPr;Rlu; vupa> Kd;du; xU
fhyj;Nj> ,iwtd; moFld; ek; Fyj;jpYk; te;J cjpj;Js;shu; vdf; fjputd; mq;F
te;jile;jJ Nghyf; fz;zhb mq;Nf ,Uf;f> <rd; ,q;Nf te;J vk; Fyj;jpd;
muruhapdhu; vd;W gpiw epyT fhl;LtJ Nghy; xspAs;s kzpKbf;F Nky;
ntz;nfhw;wf; Fil xspAld; tpsq;f>

Ke;Jfly; ntz;jpiufs; Kd;Nd khkpf;fhf

te;jdNghy; ntz;rhkiu ,ul;l – tpe;ijnrAk;
ikf;fz; fUk;ig kUtpg; gpupahj
Kf;fz; fdpNa KOKjNy – kpf;f Gdy;
(fz;zp 241-250)

80
 Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; NrhkRe;juu; jk; khkpahuhfpa fhQ;rdkhiyf;fhf
mioj;j nghOJ kJiuf;F te;j> nghq;fp vOfpd;w> Kj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j VO
fly;fspd; miyfisg; Nghy; ntz; rhkiufs; tPr> jpUtpisahly; GupAk;
ghk;ghl;br; rpj;ju; ,tu; vd;gjhy; ngupa ghk;Gfs; glnkLj;jhLtJ Nghy;
Mytl;lq;fs; Ml> ghz;b ehl;il tpl;L mfyhj J}a kdKs;s ,se;njd;wy;
fhw;W> ,tu; ek; kd;du; vd;W fhz te;jJ Nghy mofpa rpWtprpwpfs; Fspu;fhw;iw
mUfpy; ,Ue;J tPr>

fhiyapy; jpUtde;jy; vd;Dk; jpUg;gs;spvOr;rp topghL eilngWifapy;

Kd;nrd;W tzq;Fk; mstw;w tbtq;fisf; nfhz;l Njtu;fSld; $b> vjpupy; epd;W
ePAk; mtiug; Nghw;Wf – cd; GNuhfpju;fs; Mfpa Ntj Mfkq;fis Kjypy;
mDg;gp cd; tUifia mwptpj;Jj; Jjpj;j gpwF> Mw;wy; kpf;f mupa rpt
Mfkj;Njhuhfpa G+ir nra;Ak; Mjpirtu;fs; jk;ik mile;J> G+irf;Fupa Njq;fha;
gok; Kjypatw;iwg; gilj;jgpd; xU gf;fk; xJq;fp epd;W>

mg;gu;> rk;ge;ju;> Re;juu; Mfpa %tUk; ghba mUikahd> ghly;fs; Njthuk;

thrfupd; jpUthrfk;> gpwu; ghba jpUtpirg;gh> jpUg;gy;yhz;L> ngupa Guhzk; Mfpa
Ie;J E}w;ghly;fisAk; khy;> gpukd;> rptd; vd;Dk; %tUkha; epd;w <rd; Kd;
Xjp> ,iwtd; ghjq;fis ,ilawhJ vz;zpj; Jjpf;fhJ> je;ijiaf; nfhd;W>
jhiag; Gzu;e;j jPtpidg; ghtp xUtd; nra;j khghjfj;ijj; jPu;j;j
kUe;jhfpa ,iwtid> tpsf;nfd xspUk; ehfkzpiaj; jhq;fpa> glk; nfhz;l
ghk;G> ,iwtd; Mizg;gb Rw;wp vy;iy tFj;Jf; fhl;ba kJiu efupypUe;J MSk;
Re;ju ghz;baNd! mofpa ngupa Jjpf;if cila ahidfshy;
Rkf;fg;gLk; ,e;jpud; mspj;j tpkhdj;jpidf; nfhz;l NfhapYs; thOk; fz;kzpNa!
murdhf te;J ikjPl;ba fz;fisf; nfhz;l fUg;G mida mq;faw;fz;zpiaf;
$b> vd;Wk; gpupahjpUf;Fk; Kf;fz;fs; nfhz;l fdpNa! midj;Jf;Fk; Kjy;tNd!

fq;fh ejpf;F ,iwNa fd;dpj;Jiwf;F muNr

rpq;fhjdj; JiuNa nry;tNk – vk;NfhNt
Njhs;jhUk; Ntk;gha;j; njhlu;e;J njhlu;e;Nj xUehs;
fl;lhUk; Ntk;G Mff; Nfl;NlhNk – ehl;lk;cw
(fz;zp 251-259)

ePu; kpFe;j fq;if ejpapd; jiytNd! ghz;ba muRf;Fl;gl;l fd;dpahFkupj;

Jiwapd; murNd! mupahrdj;jpy; ,Ue;J murhSk; JiuNa! vq;fs; nry;tNk! vk;
jiyth! fz;zhbia ehLk;NghJ mjpy; Njhd;wp tpisahLk; gpk;gk; Nghy
mbahu;fSld; $b mWgj;J ehd;F jpUtpisahly;fis Mba jiytNd! Njbf;
fhz mupa rptrpe;jid cila mbatu;fs; kfpo;r;rpAld; cd;idj; Njba ehspy;
vjpNu Xbte;J eP epfo;j;jpa jpUtpisahly;fs; ,dpNky; eilngwyhNkh? jd;

81
kidtpiaf; nfhd;wjhf xUNtld; Nky; me;jzd; xUtd; Fw;wk; rhl;baNghJ>
mts; ,we;jJ tpjp Kbthy;jhd; vd;W rhd;Wld; epiyehl;bajhy;> mUSld; te;J
ghz;ba Fyj;Jf;F tutpUe;j gopf;F mQ;rpatd; vd;W cyfpy; epyTk; ngau; ,dp
NkYk; njhlu;e;J ,Uf;f Ntz;lhNth?

MirAld; Nfhapypy; Eioe;J te;Njhu; Nky; nrhf;Fg; nghb Nghl;L mtu;fs;

cs;sj;ij eP ,q;qdk; kaf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; nrhf;fypq;fk; vd;W midtUk;
nrhy;thu;fsy;yth? fUk;G tpy;iyg; gpbj;j mofpa iffisf; nfhz;l
nrt;Ntshfpa fhkd; (kq;ifau; fhjypy; rpf;fp tUe;Jk;gb) murhs tpLj;Jr;
rpd;dQ;rpwpa ngz;izf; fhkj;jhy; kaf;fk; nfhz;L miyatply; cd; ty;yikf;F
cfe;jNjh? fq;ifahw;wpd; nts;snky;yhk; ey;y ikazpe;j ,ts; fz;fspypUe;J
fz;zPuhfg; ngUfp tUk;gb nra;jhy; ,e;eq;if cd;id vy;yhk; ty;y rpj;ju; vd;W
mioj;J tplkhl;lhs;.

ey;ytu;Nghy; ebj;J ikazpe;j> Ftis kyiu xj;j fz;fisf; nfhz;l

(tpuf Nehahy; ifnkype;J fod;w) ,tsJ tisay;fisf; ftu;e;J nrd;W kJiu
efupy; kq;ifau; iff;F tisay; tpw;whNa> mjpy; Kiw cz;Nlh? jpirfs;
vl;bYk; tise;j cd; Njhspy; mzpe;j khiy (frg;ghd) Ntg;gk;G+ khiy.
cd;idj; njhlu;e;J njhlu;e;J me;j khiyiaf; Nfl;ltu;fSk;> mJ
fpilf;fhikahy; Ntk;GNghy; cs;sk; fre;JNghFk; epiyailjiyf; Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

Ntis vupj;jha;f;F ,ay;Ngh kpd;dhu; fiyftu;jy;

fhisapil ,Ue;J fw;wNjh - kPshJ
vk;Fyj;jhu; Mapdhu; vd;Wgpiw Njhw;Wjy;Nghy;
Jq;f KbNky; Fil ntz;Nrhjptplg; - nghq;fpvOk;
(fz;zp 260-240)

cd; ghu;itapy; gl;l fhkid vupj;jtdhfpa cdf;Ff; (fhjy;

Nehahy; ,ilnkypar; nra;J) fd;dpaupd; cil ftu;jy; jFNkh? ciliaf; ftUk;
Ntiyia eP Mau;ghbf; fhisahfpa fz;zdplk; fw;whNah? vd;Wk; tpyfhJ
rptNyhfj;Nj nrd;W jq;fp ,Uf;FkhW xU ehiuf;F md;Nw Kf;jp mspj;J
mUspdha;. ,d;W ,k;kq;ifiaAk; mr;rptNyhfj;ijr; nrd;wila tplf;$lhjh. jtpu>
mz;zhkiyahuhfpa neUg;Gf; Fd;Nw! KjpatuhfTk;> ,isQuhfTk;> ghyfuhfTk;
gy tbtk; khwpf; nfsup vd;Dk; xU ngz; tPl;by; eP ,Uf;fyhk;.

nghd;idahs; vd;Dk; xU guj;ij tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W (,urthjj;jhy; ,Uk;igg;

nghd;dhf;fpj; je;J) xUehs; jq;fp ,Uf;fyhk; vd;why; vd; jpUkfs; mida
Njhopapd; ,y;yk; eP te;J jq;fp ,Uf;fg; nghUe;jhNjh? vd ehd;

82
$Wk; ,k;nkhopfis vy;yhk; ,iwtd; jpUr;nrtpapy; VWk;gb ciuf;f ePNa ty;yik
cilaha;. cd; Nghyr; nrhy;yhw;wy; NtW vtu;f;F tha;f;Fk;? ey;ytSk;> fUiz
epiwe;j tpopfis cilatSkhd mq;faw;fz; mk;ikAld; $b> mbatu;f;F
mUs;Gupa tho;e;jpUf;Fk; jiytu;.

nry;tj; jpUkJiu efuNk rptd; ,Ue;J murhsj; jFe;j jiyefu; vd;W

mtu; mq;Nf tPw;wpUe;jhy;> mJ ehk; nra;j Gz;zpaj;jhy; tpise;j nray;jhd;@ Njd;
vd ,dpf;Fk; jkpNo! vdNt> thDyfpDk; Nkyhd rpwg;Gila jpUthytha; vd;Dk;
kJiuapy; thOk; NrhkRe;ju ghz;bad; cd; nrhw;gb. vd;dplk; te;J> vd;id vd;Wk;
gpupahJ Nru;e;jpUe;Jk; RfKk; ,d;gKk; jUkhW> ehd; $wpaJ vijAk; kwthky;
J}Jnrhy;yp> mtu; ,irT mwpe;J th.

83
 njhFg;Giu

ehd;khlf; $lypd; rq;fk; itj;jpUe;jtu;fspd; rpwg;igf; $wp> irtrkaf;

Futu;fspd; ngUikia vLj;Jiuj;J> jpUKiw ,aw;wpatu;fspd; njhz;bid
tptupj;J> vOj;Jf;fspd; gpwg;GKiw> gh tiffs;> mzp tiffs; Kjypatw;why;
nkhopg; ngUikia tpsf;fp> NrhkRe;juf; flTsplk; khiy thq;fp tur; nrhy;Yk;
tpjj;jpy; kJiu efu; KOtJk; kl;Lky;y@ jkpopd; ngUikfs; KOtijAk; mwpar;
nra;j Mrpupaupd; ngUikia vd;ndd;W ciug;gJ?

gapw;rp tpdhf;fs; :

1. irtrkaf; Futu;fs; ehy;tupd; njhz;bid tptup.

2. jpUke;jpuj;jpd; rpwg;Gfis tptup.

3. vOj;Jfspd; gpwg;GKiwia tptup.

4. jkpo; vDk; Foe;ijiaj; jhyhl;ba moif tu;zpf;f.

5. jpUQhdrk;ge;jupd; gid khw;wpa rpwg;G kw;Wk; Re;juu; kfshf ghtpj;jtu;fspd;

tuyhW Mfpatw;iw tpsf;Ff.

6. jpUehTf;furupd; ifyhaf; fhl;rpiag; gw;wp tptup.

7. kJiu khefupy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; NrhkRe;juupd; moF kw;Wk;

topghl;L Kiwapid tptup.

8. jiytp NrhkRe;juf; flTsplk; khiy thq;fp tur; nrhy;Yk;

eak; Fwpj;J vOJf.

84
 myF - 5
Nkyfuk; jpup$luhrg;gf; ftpuhau; ghbmUspa

jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp

Nehf;fk;

,aw;ifNahL ,iae;j tho;T tho;gtu;fs; Fwtd; Fwj;jp r%fj;jpdu;.

typNahiug; Nghw;wp ghLjy; kl;Lky;y@ vspNahupd; md;gpYk; ,iwtd; fye;jtd;
vd;w cz;ikia czu;j;jNt vOe;j ,yf;fpak; FwtQ;rp MFk;. Fw;why ehjupd;
rpwg;G> ,iwtd; kPJ fhjy; nfhz;l jiytpapd; Mty;> Fwj;jpapd; Fwpnrhy;Yk;
jpwd;> rpq;fpiaj; Njb miyAk; rpq;fdpd; kdepiy Kjypatw;iwf; ftpuhaupd;
fw;gidj; jpwd; top khztu;fis mwpar; nra;tNj ,g;ghlg;gFjpapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

85
 Kd;Diu

Gyik eyk; kpFe;Njhu;> cyf eyNd csk; fUjpj; jhk; gilf;Fk;

gilg;Gfis> ,Utif Nehf;NfhLk; mikag; gilj;J mspg;ghu;fs;. jk;Nghw; Gyik
eyDilahu; kl;LNk tpae;Jk; eae;Jk; Nghw;w Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUjpr; nrOikAld;
nrwpthfg; gilg;gJ xU Nehf;F. cyfj; jkpopdk; vy;yhk; xUq;Nf $b> cte;J
ehbf; fw;gjw;Nfw;wthW vspikAk; ,dpikAk; ,irAk; nghUe;jg;
gilg;gJ ,uz;lhtJ Nehf;F.

,t;tifapy;> cynfyhk; cte;J te;J Ntz;bf; fw;wiyNa tpUk;gpg;

ghbapUg;gJ ,e;jj; jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp vdyhk;. FkuFUgu mbfshupd;
kPdhl;rpak;ik Fwj;jpidg; NghyNt ghlg; ghlg;> ghLk; gz;Zk;> ghLthu; kdKk;>
Nfl;ghu; neQ;rKk; fpsu;r;rp nfhs;Sk; nrOikAld; tpsq;FtJk; ,f;FwtQ;rpahFk;.

,jid mUspatu;> ngUk; GytUk;> gy ,dpa eWk; nrOe;jkpo; E}y;fisg;

ghbaUspa nre;ehg; ghtyUkhd> Nkyfuk; jpup$l uhrg;gf; ftpuhau; nghUkhd;
mtu;fs;.

xsitg; ngUkhl;bapd; njs;sKjr; nry;tq;fisg; NghyNt ,f;FwtQ;rpAk;>

njd;ghz;br; rpWtu; rpWkpau;f;nfy;yhk; VO vl;L tajpNyNa kdg;ghlkhf tpsq;fpw;W
vd;gNj> ,jd; <byhj jkpo;r; Ritf;F kf;fsplk; Vw;gl;bUe;j tuNtw;gpidf; fhl;lg;
NghJkhdjhFk;. VLfspy; vOjp vOjpg; gapd;wJld;> jq;fs; Ml;l
ghl;lq;fSf;Fupa ,irg;ghly;fshfTk; ,jidNa tpUk;gpg; gad;gLj;jp te;jdu; gyu;.

tlfiu muruhd rpd;dzQ;rhj; Njtupd; mitg; ngUk;Gytuhf xsptPrpa

ftpuhautu;fs;> ,f;FwtQ;rpiag; ghbaJk;> md;iwa tp[auq;f nrhf;fypq;f
ehafuhd kJiu kd;dupd; ghuhl;ilAk; gupirAk; ngw;wdu;. ‘FwtQ;rp NkL’ ftpuhau;
me;ehspw; ngw;w epyf;nfhilahFk;. jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rpapd; rpwg;ig khztu;fs;
mwpaNt ghlg;gFjpahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

86
 ghlk; - 5

I. flTs; tzf;fk;

1. rptf;FLk;g tzf;fk;

tpehafg; ngUkhd; Ntz;LgtUf;F Ntz;bad vy;yhk; jUk; fw;gfj;jU.

me;jj; jpUg;ghjq;fisg; Nghw;wp> jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp Mfpa> ,e;j Kj;jkpo;
ehlfj;ijg; ghLtjw;Fj; njhlq;Ffpd;Nwd;.

gd;dpU jpz;Njhsdhfj; jd; ,U jpUtbfis vdf;Fg; Gfyplkhfj; je;jUSk;

xg;gw;w me;j KUfg; ngUkhd;> ,jidg; ghLtjw;F vdf;F vOfpd;w mr;rj;ijAk;
Nghf;fp mUs;thdhf!

jpUf;Fw;whyehju; FWk;gyhtpd; mbapNy Kisj;J vOe;j Rak;Gypq;fk; Mtu;.

mJ Fwpj;Jf; FWk;gyhtpidg; Nghw;wp> mjd;fz; Kisj;njOe;j rptf;nfhOe;J
jpUf;Fw;whyehjiug; Nghw;wp> ,f; FwtQ;rpj; jkpiog; ghLtjw;F mUSkhW>
mr;rptf;nfhOe;ijAk; ehk; Ntz;LNthkhf!

,t;Tyfk; midj;ijAk; <d;wUspa cyf khjh cikak;ik. mj;jifa

nfhb Nghd;wtshfpa Foy;tha;nkhop mk;ikapd; GfopidAk;> ,e;E}y; ,dpJ
epiwNtWkhW ehk; NgRNthkhf!

2. %tu; tzf;fk;

flypNy fy;Yk; kpjf;f mjd;kPJ Vwpaku;e;J fiuNru;e;jtu; jpUehTf;fuRg;

ngUkhd;. vYk;gpNyapUe;j G+k;ghit vd;w ngz;iz me;ehspNy capu;g;gpj;J
vOg;gpatu; jpUQhdrk;ge;jg; ngUkhd;. jd;Dila gjpfk; ghLq; fiyapdhNy
fpilj;j nghUs;fis vy;yhk; jpUKJFd;wj;J kzp Kj;jhw;wpNy Nghl;Ltpl;Lg; gpd;
mtw;iwj; jpUth&u; fkyhyaf; Fsj;jpNy te;J vLj;Jf; nfhz;ltu; Re;ju%u;j;jpg;
ngUkhd;. ,e;E}y; ,dpJ epiwNtw mk;%tu;fSk; vd;idj; Jiz epd;W fhj;J
cjTthu;fshf!

3. thjT+uhd; mbfisg; NgZNthk;! jkpOiuj;j Kdpiag; ghLNthk;!

,e;epyTyfpNy Mj;Jkhitg; Nghftpl;L ,we;J Nghfpd;w ,Wjp ehspNy>

rpNyl;Lkk; te;J gw;wpf;nfhs;shj tz;zk; gpj;jdhfpa rptngUkhdpd; mbfisj;
Jizahfr; Nru;e;jtu; thjT+uhu; Mfpa kzpthrfg; ngUkhd;. mtUila jpUtbfis
ehk; Nghw;WNthk;. Kj;juhfpa rptngUkhdpd; jpUNkdp KOtJNk cUFkhW.
Kd;dhspNy jkpo; ciuj;j Kdptu; mfj;jpau;. mtUila GfopidAk; ghLNthk;.

87
 mjpNjtijahfpa ‘Qhdf;nfhb’ vd;Dk; fiykfisAk; ,j; jpUf;Fw;whyf;
FwtQ;rp ,dpJ epiwNtWtjw;F mUSkhW ehk; Nghw;WNthkhf!

4. E}ypd; gad;

epytpidr; #batuhfpa mf; Fw;why ehjiu epidj;j Ngu;fs;> jhk; epidj;j

tuj;ijj; jtwhJ ngWgtu;fshthu;fs; vd;gJk; Gyg;gLk;. mq;qdk; midtUk;
epidf;f Ntz;bg; gy tsKk; Nru mike;j ,f;FwtQ;rp ehlfj;ijg;
ghbNdhk;. ,jidg; gbg;gtu;f;Fk;> gbf;ff; Nfl;gtu;f;Fk; cWjpahfg; gyd; cz;lhFk;.

5. mitalf;fk;

rPu;ik epuk;gpa jkpo;khiyfs; gytw;Ws; nry;tuhfpa Fw;whyj;jPru; Ngupid

kyu;fshff; nfhz;L ahf;fg; ngw;w ,f;FwtQ;rp ehlfj;jpd; mikjp vq;qdkhapDk;>
Fw;whyj;jPrupd; NgupidAila me;jr; rpwg;gpd; fhuzkhfNtDk; vd; nrhw;fisg;
ngupNahu;fSk; js;shky; Vw;Wf; nfhs;thu;fshf!

88
 II. ,iwtdpd; jpUTyh

1. fl;baf;fhud; te;jhd;

Nju;nfhz;l tre;j tPjpr; nry;tu;Fw; whyj; jPru;

ghu;nfhz;l tpilapy; VWk; gtdpvr; rupf;iff; $w
Neu;nfhz;l GupE}y; khu;Gk; nebaifg; gpuk;Gk; Mff;
fhu;nfhz;l KfpNyW vd;df; fl;baf; fhud; te;jhd;.

kd;kjd; jd; Njuhfpa njd;wypNy Cu;e;J tUgtd;. mq;qdk; mtd;

tUtjdhy; tre;j tPjpfis cilajhfj; jpUf;Fw;why efuk; tpsq;fpw;W. mjd;fz;
jpUf;Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nry;tu;> Fw;whyj;J <ru; Mtu;. mtu;> tPjpA+Nl gtdp
tug;Nghfpd;whu;. epykfisj; jd; kidtpahf cilatd; jpUkhy;@ mtNd vUJ
Cu;jpahf me;j ,iwtidj; jhq;fp tUgtd;. me;j tpilapNy Vwpaku;e;J
mtu; ,Njh gtdp tug; Nghfpd;whu;. mjidg; gw;wp Cutu;f;Ff; $wp vr;rupf;if
nrhy;Ytjw;fhff; fl;baf;fhud; Kw;gl;L te;jdd;.

2. QhapWNghy; NktpdhNu!

jd;Dila thf;fpd;gbNa tljpirapdpd;Wk; vOe;J njd;jpir Nehf;fpg; Nghe;j

FWKdpahfpa mfj;jpaUf;fhf> khidj; jhq;fpa jd; jpUf;ifia mgakhff;
fhl;baUspa mUs; cs;sj;jpid cilatu; Fw;whyehju;. ed;ik
nghUe;jpa %J}uhd Fw;why efuj;jpd; tPjpapNy> mtd; ,Njh vOe;jUsp tUfpd;whd;.
fhz;gPu;! fhz;gPu;! ,g;gb mwptpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl tUfpd;whd; me;j fl;baf;fhud;.

3. gtdp te;jdNu!

,iwtidj; juprpf;f Kide;J tUk; muru;fis> ee;jp gpuk;gbapdhy; Gilj;J

xJf;f> mt;tbfs; mtu;fspd; kFl NfhbfspNy gl;L mtiu
tUj;Jk;. ,t;tz;zkhff; Fw;why ehju; ,Njh gtdp te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;.

mz;lu; $l;lKk; Kdptu; $l;lKk;

mRuu; $l;lKk; kdpju; Mfpa

,iwtd; jhd; mopj;j xU GypahdJ nfhLj;j MilapidAk;> MidahdJ

nfhLj;j Nkw;Nghu;itahfpa cupapidAk; cLj;jpUg;gtd;. mofpa ,ilahdJ
mira mtd; tpilA+u;e;J tUfpd;whd;. kyupNy thOk; madhdtde; nfhLj;j
kz;ilNahlhfpa cz;fyk; jd; ifapNy nghUe;jpapUf;f> mtd; ,Njh gtdp te;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdd;!

jpUKiwfs; xUGwkhfTk;> ehd;kiwfspd; Kof;fk; xUGwkhfTk; KiwNa

toq;fptu> ek; ,iwatUk; jpUtPjpapNy ,Njh cyh tUfpd;wdu;. jd ehafdhfpa

89
FNgud;> ,e;jpud;> tUzd; Kjypa rfykhd Njtu;fSk;> mtd; Gfiog; ghbf;
nfhz;Nl> “Ik;ngUq; flTsu;f;Fk; jiytd; te;jdd;! mkuu;fSf;F vy;yhk;
Kjy;td; te;jdd;! nja;tq;fl;nfy;yhk; ehafd; te;jdd;!” vd;W $wpj;
jpUr;rpd;dq;fs; mLj;jLj;J Koq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,q;qdkhf> ek; ,iwatu;
gtdp te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;.

4. cyhf; fhztUk; ngz;fs;

ghy; Nghd;w ntz;zpwk; cilaJ> rptgpuhd; Vwp Cu;e;J tUfpd;w

me;j ,lgk;. mjd;Nky; Cu;e;J tUk; jpup$lg; ngUkhdhupd; gtdpiaf; fhzf;
fd;dpkhu;fs; gyUk; jpus;jpushf te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;.

xU khidg; gpbj;J te;j ngUkhidj; njhlu;;e;JtUk;

xUNfhb khd;fs;Nghy; tUNfhb klthu;.

xU khidg; gpbj;J te;j ngUkhdhfpa Fw;why ehjiuj; njhlu;;e;J te;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;w xU Nfhb khd;fisg; Nghy xU Nfhb klthu;fs; te;jdu;. ek;
cs;sk; ftu;e;j kd;dtd; ,td;. ey;y ek; efuj;Jj; njUtpdpNy ,td; neLNeuk;
epw;fkhl;lhNdh! vk;ik tUj;Jk; kjdid ,d;dKk; mtd; nty;y khl;lhNdh? vd;W
JbJbg;ghu; rpy ngz;fs;. ‘Nkfq;fSk; ntl;fKWk;gb mike;j $e;jypid mtpo;e;J
njhq;fr; nra;jhd;@ ek; iftisfisf; ftu;e;J nfhz;lhd;@ ,/njd;d
khaNkh? ,td; riljupj;j epahaKk; ,JjhNdh?’ vd;ghu; kw;Wk; rpy Ngu;fs;.

90
 III. tre;jty;ypapd; fhjy;

1. tre;jty;yp te;jhs;

nghd;NghYk; mzp nra;tjhfpa nghl;bid new;wpapNy jPl;bf; nfhz;lhs;@

$e;jypNy mofpa kyu; khiyapidr; #l;bf; nfhz;lhs;@ mofpw; rpwe;j Nkhfpdpiag;
Nghyj; jd;id moFwg; Gide;J fhl;bf; nfhz;lhs;@ ed;ikAila Fw;why efuj;Jg;
ngUkhdpd; Kd;du;r; nrd;W> jk; ehzKk; MilAk; ,oe;J epd;w fd;dpau;fSf;Fj;
jhDk; xU Jizahths; Nghyf; fhl;bf; nfhz;ltshf> Mltu;fs; gFjp vq;fZNk
fhkNtspd; fyfr; nraiy %l;b tpLgtNs Nghy> tre;jNkhfpdp vd;gts;> jd;
tPl;bdpd;Wk; Gwg;gl;L ntspNa njUtpy; tUthshapdhs;.

ngz;Zf;Fg; ngz;kaq;fNt – tre;jty;yp

Ngilad;dk; NghyNt te;jhs;.

jd;id VnwLj;Jg; ghu;g;gtupd; fz;fSf;Fj; jd; ,uz;L fz;fSNk Vw;w

gjpiyf; Fwpg;ghNyNa nrhy;yj; jpup$lf; fz;Zjiyj; jd; ghu;itapdhNy ntd;W
trg;gLj;jg;> ,ujpNjtpiag; Nghy tpsq;Fk; tre;jty;ypahdts;> Cu;trpAk; jd;idf;
fz;L ntl;fKWkhW xypAld; ele;J te;jhs;.

2. tre;jty;ypapd; moF

Ftpj;j Kj;Jf;fis> epiuahfg; gjpj;J itj;jhw;Nghd;w> gy;tupirapd;

mofpid vl;b vl;bg; ghu;g;gJ NghNy %f;fpNy tpsq;Fk; xg;gw;w Kj;Jg;
gy;yhf;fpidAk; cilats; mts;. kpf Ez;ikahd ,ilapidAk; cilats;
mts;. md;dg; Ngl;bd; eilapDq; fhl;by; nky;nyd eil gapd;W tUk;
nkd;ikahd eilapdSk; mts;.

mWgj;J ehd;F rf;jp gPlq;fSs; xd;whfpa jpUf;Fw;whyj;jpNy

vOe;jUspapUg;gtuhd jpup$l uhriuAk; $lj;> jk; rpj;jk; cUfr;nra;Ak; gbahf>
ehyb J}uk; Kd;Df;Fj; jhtpAk;> gj;jb J}uk; gpd;Df;F thq;fpAk;> mts;
xa;ahukhfg; ge;jhbdhs;.

kq;Fypy; tz;L fiye;jJ fz;L

kjd; rpiy tz;Nlhl

kyu;f;furhfpa jhkiu kyupNy tPw;wpUf;Fk; jpUkfs; Nghd;w eq;ifahfpa

me;j tre;jrTe;jup> mt;thW vopYld; ge;jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. “,ts;
jpUkfNsh? ,ts; ,ujp NjtpNah? ,ts; NjtNyhfj;J muk;igNah? ,ts;jhd;
md;W mRuiu kaf;fpa NkhfpdpNah?” vd;W vy;yhk; fz;Nlhu; jk;ik kwe;J tpae;J
epd;wdu;.

91
 ge;jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtspd; ghtidiag; ghu;j;j Mz;fs;> ‘,jidg; ghu;f;fg;
gpukd; ekf;F Mapuk; fz;fisg; gilj;jhdpy;iyNa?’ vd;Wjhd; vz;zp Vq;fpf;
nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

ed;dfuhfpa Fw;whyj;jpd; Gfopidg; ghbg; ghb> ‘eFu;jj; jpFu;jj; jFu;jj;

njhk;nkd’ tre;jty;ypahdts; jhtpahbg; ge;jbj;jds;.

ngz;Zf;Fg; ngz;kaq;fNt – tre;jty;yp

Ngilad;dk; NghyNt te;jhs;.

“rpj;J Ntiyapy; ty;ytu; ,tu;jhk; ahtNuh? ntF Ntbf;iff;fhuuhf> vUjpd;

NkNy Vwp tUfpd;whNuh? ,tu; ahtNuh? mUl;fz;zpd; ghu;itapdhy; vd;
Nkdpnay;yhk; jq;f epwq;nfhs;Sk;gbahf mtu; vd;id cUf;fpg; Nghl;lhNu! ,e;jr;
rpj;ju;jhk; ahtNuh?” ,g;gb vz;zp vz;zp kaq;fpdhs;> tre;jty;yp.

3. kaq;fp epd;whs;!

jpq;fis Kbj;jhu; fz;lha; jpup$lr; nry;tu; fz;lha;

vq;Fs rpj;Jf; nfy;yhk; ,iwatu; ,tNu vd;W
eq;ifkhu; gyUk; $Wk; ed;nkhopj; Njwy; khe;jp
kq;ifahk; tre;jty;yp kdq;nfhz;lhs;! kay; nfhz;lhNs!

“,se;jpq;fisr; rilapNy Kbj;jtu; ,tu; vd;gijf; fhz;ghahf.

mjdhy;> ,tNu jpup$lr; nry;tu; vd;gjidAk; mwpthahf. vt;tplj;Jf;Fk; cs;s
rpj;JfSf;F vy;yhk; jiytu; ,tNujhk;” vd;W> eq;ifkhu;fs; gyUk; $wpdu;.

mtd; me;j mofd;> mtidf; fz;lJk; vd; kdKk; jhNd cUFfpd;wNj?

xNu kaf;fkha; tUfpd;wNj? ‘Nkhfk;’ vd;W nrhy;thu;fNs> mJTk; ,JjhNdh?

‘ekf;F Nerkhd Fw;whyehju; kPJ Mir nfhz;ljdhy; kaq;fpg;

G+kpapy; ,g;gb tPo;e;jhNs!’

‘thdtuhd jpUf;Fw;whyehjupd; kPJ nfhz;l ikaypdhNyNa

tre;jty;ypahdts; jd;Dly; Nrhu;e;J tPo;e;jds;’ vd;gij mg; ghq;fpau; KbtpNy
mwpe;jdu;.

rw;Wq; Fspu;r;rpNa ,y;yhJNghd nfhba ghtpahfpa ntz;zpyhNt!

ngz;fSf;Fs;Ns Foy;tha; nkhopf;F Xu; clw;ghjpiaNa nfhLj;jtu;. vdf;Fj; je;j
kaf;fj;jpd; fplf;fpd;NwNd?

92
 mofpa jhkiu kyupd; ngUikiaAk; eP Njhd;wpf; nfLj;J tpl;lha;.
vd;idAk; Vd; ,g;gbf; fha;fpd;wha;? Kf;$lypq;fupd; Kd;dhw;Ngha; mtiuf;
fha;e;jhy; vd;dNth?

mtu;> vd;dstpNy vdf;F mUs; nra;gtuhf mike;jplTk; khl;lhNuh?

ntz;zpytpidf; Filahfg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L> kfukPd;
nfhbgpbj;J> ,se;njd;wypNy Cu;e;J tUfpd;w kd;kjNd! ePahtJ nrhy;thahf.

epj;jpiu jhndhU
rj;JU thr;RNj
NgupifNa md;wpg; G+upif
Vd; gps;sha; kd;kjh

kd;kjh! ,t;T+upYs;s gpw Neupiokhu;fisAk; Cutu;fisAk; Ngha;g; ghulh!

mtu;fs; vt;tsT ftiyaw;W epk;kjpahf ,e;Neuj;jpNy cwq;Ffpd;wdu;? vdf;Nfh>
fz;zpy; epj;jpiuNa mZfhky; mJTk; xU rj;JUthfNt tpsq;Ffpd;wNj! mtu;
Kd;Nd cd; nraiyr; nra;ag; Nghthahf> kd;kjNd! Ngha; tpLthahf!

kd;ww; Fotp kjpak;

Gide;jhiuf; fz;L – rpW
njd;ww; Fstp jpdq; nfhl;lf;
nfhl;lnehe; NjNd!

rq;ff; Fiofs; mzpe;j mtiu> mbahu; $l;lk; epiwe;j rq;f tPjpapNy

cyhtuf; fz;Nld;. vd; ,U nrq;iffspYk; ,Ue;j rq;F tisay;fisAk; ,oe;J
ehd; kaq;fptpl;NlNd! vs;ssTk; czTk; cwf;fKk; ,y;yhj mtiuf; fz;L ehDk;
kpfr; rpwe;j czTk; cwf;fKk; mw;wtshfg; Ngha;tpl;NlNd!

khju;fSf;Fj; jiytpahf tpsq;FgtNs! kf;fl; $l;lk; ngUfpapUf;fpd;w

tPjpapd; CNl eiuj;j khl;bd;kPJ Vwp tUfpd;whNu! ,g;gb tUgtUf;Nfh> moF
eq;ifahd eP ikay; nfhz;lid? mjid ,g;nghONj tpl;LtpLthahf!

4. <riug; Gfo;jy;

ed;dfupNyAs;s <ruplj;J ehd; xUj;jp kl;Le; jhNdh Mir nfhz;Nld; vd;W

eP epidj;jid. gy fd;dpau;fSk;> Kdpgj;jpdpkhu;fSk;$l mtu;kPJ Kd;dhspNy
Mir nfhs;stpy;iyNah? njd;dpyq;ifapNy tho;e;j xg;gw;w fd;dpifahshd
kz;Nlhjupahs;> mtUila mofpa jpUtbapNy Nru;e;J miztjw;F vd;d jtk;
nra;jhNsh? mjid ehDk; nra;tjw;F mwpNaNd?

93
 Fw;whyehju; NgupNy gpuik nfhz;l ngz;fNsh kpfg;gyu;. mtu;fSs; ehDk;
xUj;jpNa vd;gijf; fhz;ghahf. cz;ikahd Ngupd;gj;ij ey;Fk; Fw;why ehjuhfpa
epiyahd ek;ngUkhd; cd;ghy; ,ire;J $LkhW nra;tjw;Fupa nray;jhd; ahNjh?

Njtu; jiytdhfpa ,e;jpudpd; rhgj;ijj; jPu;j;J mtDf;F mUspatu; mtu;.

vy;NyhUk; Nghw;Wfpd;w jpUf;Fw;whyu;jhk; rfy Ngu;f;Fk; ,uq;Fthu;. MdhYk;> vdf;F
kl;Lk; ,uq;fhjpUf;fpd;wdNu? ngz;Nz! (vd; nra;NtNdh?)

jpUf;Fw;why ehjupd;Nky; eP Mir nfhz;ljdhy;> mjid kWj;Jf;

$Wgtu;fSf;F jf;fgbnay;yhk; rkhjhd thu;j;ijfisr; nrhy;yTk; gbj;Jf;
nfhz;lha;. ,dp> cdJ tpUg;gk; vg;gbNah mjd;gbNa ele;J nfhs;thahf.

5. J}J nrhy;yp thuha;!

ngz;Zf;Fg; ngz;kaq;fNt – tre;jty;yp

Ngilad;dk; NghyNt te;jhs;.

eP vdf;fhf mtuplk; Ngha;j; J}J nrhy;yp tUtha; ngz;Nz! Fw;whyehju;

Kd;ghfg; Ngha;j; J}J nrhy;yp tUtha;! Kd;dhspNy> Re;ju%u;j;jp RthkpfSf;fhfj;
J}JNghd mtu; Kd;Nd eP Ngha;> vd; nghUl;lhfj; J}J nrhy;yp tUthab
ngz;Nz! ‘tUtnjd;why;> ,e;j Neuj;jpNyNa tur;nrhy;Y. mg;gb clNd
tuhjpUe;jdu; vd;why; mtUila khu;gpNy mzpe;Js;s nfhd;iw khiyapid
ahfpYk; jur;nrhy;Y. Fw;whyehju; vdf;F vjidahtJ jUtjhapUe;jhy;
vd;dplkpUe;J gwpj;Jg; Nghd vd; neQ;irj; jpUg;gpj; jur;nrhy;Y. mg;gb mtu;
juhjpUe;jhy;> jhDk; xU ngz;zhfpa mtUila rf;jpia> ehd; vspjpy; tplkhl;Nld;’
vd;W nrhy;Y ,g;gbr; nrhy;ypg; Ngha;j; J}J nrhy;yp tUthahf.

jf;f Ntis vJntd ehd; nrhy;Ntd;@ mjidf; Nfl;ghahf.

rfpNa! jpup$luhrUf;Fj; ‘jpUtde;jy; Kjyhf Vfhe;jk; Kbaj; jpdKk;

xd;gJ fhyg; G+ir cz;L. ngupjhd mgpNlfq;fs; eilngWfpd;w me;j VO
fhyj;jpDk;> mtuplk; xUtUk; NgRtjw;F Vw;w rkak; md;W. thuj;J VO
ehs;fspy;> %d;W jpUehs;fshfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mtu;jk; Nfhtpiy Nehf;fpg; Nghfpd;w
Vfhe;j rkaNk. mtuplk; NgRtjw;F kpfTk; Vw;w rkak; ikjPw;wpa moF tpopahNs!
mt;NtisapNy> vd; ngUkaf;fj;ij eP mtuplk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp> mtUila
nfhd;iw khiyapid thq;fp tUthahf.

njspe;j ePiuAila tltUtp. mjidj; jPu;j;jkhf cilatu; jpUf;Fw;whyu;.

FWk;gyhtpdUNf vd;idf; $Lthu; vd;gJ cz;ikahdhy;> $lNy!

ePAk; ,g;NghJ vdf;Ff; $btu khl;lhNah?

94
 IV. FwtQ;rp ehlfk;

1. FwtQ;rp tUfpwhs;!

tre;jty;ypahdts; kaq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j NtisapNy> tisay;fs; epuk;gpa

jd; iffis mirj;jtshf> khj;jpiuf; Nfhypid Ve;jpf; nfhz;L>
kzpf;$ilapidAk; ,Lg;gpNy jhq;fpf; nfhz;L> khspiffs; epuk;gpa
jpUf;Fw;whyefupd; njUtpD}Nl> FwtQ;rp xUj;jpAk; tUthshapdhs;.

2. tQ;rp te;jds;!

irtj;jpd; milahskhfpa jpup#yf; Fwpapid thdpd; NkyhfTk; jupj;jpUg;gJ

Nghd;W tpsq;Fk;. nja;tj;jd;ik nghUe;jpa %d;W rpfuq;fisAila jpup$l
kiyf;F cupatd;. ed;ik nghUe;jpa Fw;why efupNy Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUg;gtd;
Xuhapuk; rhiffisAila Ntjq;fshw; rpwg;Gw;w gupapid cilatd;@ ,uz;lhapuk;
nfhk;GfisAila mapuhtzk; vd;Dk; ahidapid cilatd;.

nka;f;Fwp iff;Fwp tpopf;Fwp nkhopf;Fwp

vf;Fwp ahapDk; ,ikg;gpdpy; ciuf;Fk;
ikf;Fwp tpopf;Fw tQ;rp te;jdNs.

mz;l Nfhbfis vy;yhk; jd; Mizahy; mlf;fp> kioNghy; mUs;nts;sk;

nghope;J> Njtu;fspd; jiytd; jpUtUis tha;tpl;Lg; ghbf;nfhz;L> fz;fspNy xU
rpkpl;Lk;> ntspapNy xU gfl;Lkhf> filf;fz; tPr;rpdhy; jk; nraylq;FkhWk;>
nfhq;fzk; Mupak; Fr;ryk; Mfpa ehLfspYk; nrq;ifapNy gpbj;Js;s jd;
khj;jpiuf; Nfhypdhw; nrq;Nfhy; nrYj;jpagpd;> fd;dlk; njYq;F fypq;f ehLfspYk;
njd;dtupd; jkpopdhNy ntw;wpf;nfhb ehl;batshf> Mltu;fSf;F tyJ ifapidg;
ghu;j;Jk;> ,dpa KWtypidAila ngz;fSf;F ,lJ ifapidg; ghu;j;Jk;> clypd;
Fwpg;ghy; nrhy;yf;$bait> ifNuiffspdhy; mwpe;J $wf;$bait> fz;fspd;
Fwpg;gpdhy; mwpe;J nrhy;yf;$bait> Ngr;rpypUe;J mwpe;J ciuf;Fk;
Fwp ,g;gbg;gl;l ve;jtiff; FwpapdhYk; ,ikg;nghOjpNy ciuf;f ty;ytshd>
ikjPw;wpa fz;fisAila FwtQ;rpahdts;> tre;jty;ypapd; Kd;ghf te;J mg;NghJ
Njhd;wpdhs;.

3. FwtQ;rp te;jdNs!

tQ;rp te;jdNs! jpUf;Fw;why kiyapd; FwtQ;rp te;jdNs! tQ;rpf;nfhb

Nghd;wts;. rpj;jpu rigapNy eldkpLfpd;w jpUtbfis cilatuhd jpUf;Fw;why
ehjupd;> ntw;wp nfhz;l kiyapNy tho;gtshd FwtQ;rp mq;Nf te;jds;!

95
 4. kiytsk; Nfl;lhs;!

thduq;fs; fdpnfhLj;J ke;jpnahL nfhQ;Rk;

ke;jprpe;J fdpfSf;F thd;ftpfs; nfQ;Rk;
fhdtu;fs; tpopnawpe;J thdtiu miog;ghu;
fkdrpj;ju; te;Jte;J fharpj;jp tpisg;ghu;

Fwg;ngz;Nz! cd;Dila nrhe;j kiy ve;j kiyNah? Fw;whyehjupd;

mj;jifa tsKila jpup$l kiyjhd; vq;fSila kiyAkhFk;.
kiyr;rhuy;fspNy fpoq;Ffisf; fps;sp vLj;Jk;> Njd; ,why;fis vLj;Jk;>
kiytsq;fisg; ghbAk; ehq;fs; eldkhLNthk;. tpag;ghd mfpy;> Fq;Fkk;> re;jdk;
Kjypatw;wpd; eWkzk; fko;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. fhl;bd; vk;kUq;Fk; tiuahLfs;
Js;spf; Fjpj;Jg; gha;e;J Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ‘nghd;dpwkhd kfh NkU kiy NghYk;’
vd;W nrhy;Yk;gbahf cau;e;J epw;Fk; kiy.

nfhy;ypkiy vd;gJ vdf;F ,isatshfg; gpwe;j vd; jq;ifahd nry;yp

vd;gts; ,Uf;Fk; kiyahFk;. vd; nfhOeDf;Ff; fhzpahl;rpahd kiy
goepkiyahFk;. fjputd; gbe;Jnry;Yk; tpe;jpakiy vd; je;ijf;Fupa
kiyahFk;. ,kakiy vd;Dila jikaDf;Fupa kiyahFk;. nrhy;tjw;F
mUikAilajhd Rthkpkiy vd;Dila khkpapd; kiyahFk;. vd; Njhopapd; kiy
ehQ;rpy; ehl;bYs;s Nts;tpkiyahFk;. Nkff; $l;lq;fs; KoTfisg;
Nghy ,bKof;fpidr; nra;a> mjw;fpzq;f kapypdq;fs; Mbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; jpup$l
kiyNa vq;fs; kiyahFk;.

5. tre;jty;yp nrhd;dJ!

eP epd; thapdhy; ciuj;J mtw;iwnay;yhk; fhl;LtJ vjw;fhfNt?

Nkfj;ij xg;ghd fUikAila $e;jiy cilatuhd ngz;fisf; fz;L

ehzq; nfhz;litahff; fliy Nehf;fpr; nrd;W Nru;e;jd fWg;ghd Nkfq;fs;.

khjk; %d;Wk; kioAs;s ehL

tUlk; %d;W tpisTs;s ehL

khje; jtwhky; %d;W kio nghopfpd;w ehL@ tUlk; %d;W Nghfq;fs; tPjk;
tpisfpd;w ehL@ Ntjq;fNs Ntu;> kuk;> gad; vd %d;whfTk; mike;j FWk;
gyhkuj;jpid cila ehL. rpyu; kl;Lk; nry;tj;jhy; tPf;fk; ngWtjpy;iy. Ngupif
Gyk;Gtjd;wp kf;fSs;Ns vtUk; tha;tpl;Lg; Gyk;Gtjpy;iy. ,j;jifa tsehL
vd;fpwhu;. ,q;Nf thlf; fhz;gJ vy;yhk; eq;ifaupd; ,ilfNsad;wp kf;fSs; vtUk;
my;yu;.

96
 xU Ntldhdtd; jd; ifapNy tpy;ypid Ve;jpatdhf> eupapidj;
Juj;jpathNw fapiykiyiar; nrd;wile;J Kj;jp ngw;wdd;. mj;jifa
rpwg;GilaJ ,j; jpup$l kiy.

‘gioikAila fq;ifapUf;Fkplk; ,JNt’ vdf; fhl;bf; nfhLj;j

MNw> ,e;ehspNy rptkJfq;if vd toq;fg; ngWfpd;w MwhFk;. me;jr;
rptkJfq;ifapd; kfpikapid cyfnky;yhk; Gfo;e;J $wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
G+q;nfhj;Jfs; ,jo; tpupe;J kzk; tPrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nrz;gfr; NrhiyapidAila
FWk;gyhtpdbapNy Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ngUkhdpd;> Fw;whyj;jyk; vd;Dk;
jpup$lj;jyNk> vq;fSila efukhFk;.

‘thu;j;ijfis kpfTk; eaKlNd NgRtjw;Ff; fw;wtshd> kiyehl;ilr;

Nru;e;j FwtQ;rpNa! G+q;nfhb Nghd;wtNs! jPu;j;jq;fspd; ngUikiaAk;
jyj;jpDila rpwe;j ngUikiaAk; ,Jtiu nrhd;dha;. jpUf;Fw;why %u;j;jpapd;
rpwg;Gk; epd; nrhw;fs; NjhWk; tpsq;Ftij eP ciuj;j KiwikapdhNyNa ehDk;
mwpe;Njd;. ,dpf; FWk;gyhtpdbapNy tPw;wpUg;gtUila fPu;j;jp tpNrlq;fisAk;
ngupjhd cwtpdu;fspd; tpNrlq;fisAk; vdf;Fr; nrhy;Ythahf!’ ,t;thW
tre;jty;ypahdts; FwtQ;rpapdplk; Nfl;fpwhs;.

“mtiug; ngw;w jha; vtNuh? je;ij vtNuh?” vd;nwy;yhk; cd;dpg;GlNd

vd;id eP Nfl;ghahdhy;> mtw;iw ahd; mwpNad; mtUf;Fg; ngz; nfhLj;jhNd
kiyaurd;> mtidj;jhd; Nfl;L eP njupe;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. %j;j
gps;isahUf;Fk;> Fkug; ngUkhDf;Fk;> je;ijapd; fhypidNa ntl;b vwpe;j
rz;NlRtu ehadhu;f;Fk;> rPu;fhop efupNy Njhd;wpa jpUQhdrk;ge;jUf;Fk; ,tu;
je;ijahtu; vd;gijf; fhz;ghahf. ngz; ahid Nghd;w Njtahidf;Fk;>
G+q;nfhbahfpa ts;spak;ikf;Fk;> NjtUf;Fk; ,tu; khkdhu; Mthu;.

jpUf;Fw;why efupNy Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUf;fpw ngUkhdpd; fpistsj;jpid ehd;

vLj;Jr; nrhy;tJ vd;gJ mupjhFk;. cyfnky;yhk; mjid ciuj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;. mjidf; fhz;ghahf mk;ikNa!

6. Fwpapd; rpwg;Gfs;!

tQ;rp ehL> kiyahs ehL> nfhr;rp ehL> nfhq;F ehL> kf;fk;> kuhlk;>
JYf;fhzk; Mfpa ehLfspy; vy;yhk; vd; Fwpapidg; gyUk; ghuhl;bAs;sdu;. nrQ;rp>
tlfhrp> gue;j> rPdehL> rpq;fsk;> <ok;> nfhOk;G> tq;fhsk;> jQ;ir> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spf;
Nfhl;il> jkpo;r;rq;fk; tPw;wpUe;j kJiu> njd;kq;fyg; Ngl;il Mfpa gytplq;fspYk;
kpFjpahff; Fwpnrhy;ypg; NgUk; ngw;Nwd;. gy jpirfisAk; ntd;W ehd;
ngw;wpUf;fpd;w tpUJfisAk; eP ,Njh fhz;ghahf.

97
 Kjd;Kjy; rpwpa $iu XLfs; Nta;e;j moF nghUe;jpa rpj;jpurigia
vq;fs; rpd;dzQ;rhj;Njtd; nrg;NghL Nta;e;jdd;. mjw;F Kd;ghf> mtDf;Ff; Fwp
nrhy;yp ehd; guprhfg; ngw;w ,e;j Nkhfdkhiyapid> Nkhfty;ypNa eP ghu;g;ghahf.
njd;fhrp MyakhdJ rpwe;J Xq;Fk;gbahfr; nrz;gfkhw ghz;baDf;Ff; Fwp
nrhd;d Ngu;fSk; ehq;fNsahNthk;. kJiu kPdhl;rpak;ik ahdts; ,d;gKld;
vq;fisf; Fwp Nfl;ljw;F> kJiur; rq;fj;jhu;fNs rhl;rpAiug;ghu;fs;.

guku;Fw; whyu;ehl;by;
,yTf;Fk; rpte;j thahy;
vdf;nfhU Fwpnrhy; thNa.

,ytk; G+tpDk; rpte;j epd; thapdhy;> vdf;Fk; xU Fwpapidr; nrhy;Ythahf.

mk;Nk! vd;d FwpahdhYk; ehd; nrhy;YNtd; mk;Nk! ,jw;fhfr; rig VwTk;

nra;Ntd;. vd;id vjpu;j;j Ngu;fis nty;yTk; nra;Ntd;. vd; tapw;Wf;F ,j;jid
fQ;rpNghJk; mjid eP thu;g;ghahf. mk;ikNa! mjd;gpd; jpd;gjw;F ntw;wpiyAk;
ntl;Lg; ghf;Fk; ms;spj; jUthahf. fg;gypNy te;jpwq;Fk; rPdj;Jr; ruf;fhd
GifapiyapYk; nfhQ;rk; fps;spj; jUthahf> mk;ikNa!

fd;dp xUj;jp mNjh NgRfpd;w Ngr;R ey;y rFdkhapUf;fpwJ. NeNu Nkw;Fg;

Gwj;jpNy Me;ij tPwpl;l FuYk; kpfTk; ey;yJ. mk;ikNa! Jk;kYk;
fhfKk; ,lg;Gwkhfr; nrhy;YNj! ruk; kpfTk; El;gkhfg; G+zuj;ij ntw;wp
nfhs;SNj! ,it vy;yhk; kpfTk; nrk;ikahd ey;y epkpj;jq;fs; ghuha;. jpup$l
kiyj; nja;tj;jpd; mUs; cWjpahf cdf;F cz;lhFk; mk;Nk!

G+q;nfhbNa! gy;ypAk; gygyntd;W ey;y epkpj;jk; nrhy;YfpwJ. jpup$l

ehl;bNyNa fy;tpkhdhfTk; kpFe;j rptg;G epwKilatdhfTk;> fOj;jpd;Nky; fWg;G
kr;rk; xd;W cs;stdhfTk;> ey;y Nkw;Fyj;jpddhfTk; ,e;j ed;ik nghUe;jpa
CupdNdahfTk;> cdf;F ey;ytdhd khg;gps;is xUtd; te;J tpiutpNy tha;g;ghd;.

jiuapid nkOfpf; Nfhyk; ,Lthahf Kiwahfg; gps;isahu; cUitg;

gpbj;J itg;ghahf. epiwFlk; vLj;J itg;ghahf. thio> kh> gyh Mfpa
Kg;goq;fSk; gilg;ghahf. Njq;fhiaAk; cilj;J itg;ghahf. mUfk;Gy;Yk;>
jz;zPUk;> tpsf;Fk; nfhz;L itg;ghahf. ghf;Fk; ntw;wpiyAk; nfhz;L tUthahf.
til> mg;gk;> mty; Mfpatw;Wld; ru;f;fiuAk; vs;SUz;ilAk; nghupAk; nfhzu;e;J
itg;ghahf.

epiw ehopapNy ney;ypid mse;J itg;ghahf. ,iwatidf; fuq;Ftpj;J

tzq;Fthahf. Fwpapd; epytuj;ij cd; cs;sj;jpNy njspe;J nfhs;thahf.
gpiwNghd;w new;wpapid cilatNs! ,t;tsTk; nra;jhapw;wh? ,g;NghJ ehd;

98
nrhy;yl;LNkh? ek; jiytu;@ FWk;gyhtpNy Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUg;gtu;@ mtUila
jpUTsj;jhy; cdf;Fg; ngUk;gydhf tpsq;Fk; Fwpapidr; nrhy;yl;LNkh!

epd; kdj;jpYs;sit gw;wp ehd; Fwpnrhy;Ytjw;fhf ,g;gb vd;dplk;

fhl;Lthahf.

rpwg;Gkpf;fnjhU Fwpapidj; je;jUSk; nghUl;lhf cq;fisnay;yhk;

Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fSk; midtUk; te;J vd; Kd;Nd ,Ue;J
cjTtPu;fshf! ,tSila Fwp ,JNt vd;W mts; kdj;jpNy itj;Js;s Fwpapid
vdf;Ff; fhl;b mUs;tPu;fshf!

,dpf;Fwp nrhy;YfpNwd;> Nfl;ghahf. eP ge;jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ifapNy

mtDila gilfisg; ghu;j;jjdhy; epd; ghy; Njhd;wpa mr;rj;jhy; Vw;gl;l kaf;fk;
Nghyf; Fwp Njhd;WfpwJ mk;ikNa!

,d;W tiuf;Fk; clypNy FspUk; fha;r;rYk; ,Ug;gJKz;Nlh? gpd;Nd> mit

Vw;gl;lJ ve;j tif? mjid Muha;e;J ghu;j;Jf; Fwp nrhy;yb!

eP nfhz;bUg;gJ fhkf; fha;r;ry; vd;wwpthahf. NkhfpdpNa! cd;Dila

fpWfpWg;ngy;yhk; mtDila Nkhfj;jhy; Vw;gl;l fpWfpWg;gb> Nkhfdf; fs;sp!

eP Fwpg;ghfr; nrhd;d Fwpapid cz;ikNa vd;W epiy ehl;Lgtshdhy;

khiyAk;> NgUk;> CUk; Mfpa tptuq;fisAk; ,g;NghNj nrhy;yb!

ngz;zhNr ngz;nzd;why; jpupAnkhf;Fk; - xU

ngz;ZlNd Nruntd;whw; $lTk; xf;Fk;

ngz;fSf;F murp Nghd;wtNs! ‘ngz;’ vd;why; ‘jpup’ vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L.

xU ngz;ZlNd Nru vd;why; ‘$l’ vd;Wk; nrhy;yyhk;. cWjpahf ty;ytd;
vd;gJk;> ‘ehjd; vd;gJk; xNu nghUs; jUk;. mjdhy;> mtd; ngaiuj; jpup$lehjd;
vd;Wk; nrhy;yyhk; mk;ikNa!

xU ife;nehb Neuj;jpw;Fs;shf cdf;Fg; nghd;dpwKila nfhd;iwg;G+ khiy

cd; Njhopapd; %yk; te;JtpLtijf; fhz;ghahf. ,dpNky;> cd; ntl;fj;ij
vy;yhk; ff;fj;jpy; ,Lf;fpf; nfhs;thNah mk;Nk?’ ,g;gbf; FwtQ;rp Nfyp Ngrpdhs;.
mjidf; Nfl;lJk; kdq; fspg;Gw;w tre;jty;ypahdts;> jhd; Njb itj;jpUe;j
Mguzq;fs; midj;ijAk; me;jf; FwtQ;rpf;Fg; G+l;b> mtis kfpo;Tld; mDg;gp
itj;jhs;.

99
 V. rpq;fDk; rpq;fpAk;

1. rpq;fpiaj; Njb tUfpwhd; rpq;fd;

khkhiyg; G+z;lrpq;fd; tq;fzr;rpq;

fpiaj;Njb tUfpd;whNd.

tha;g;Ngr;rpNy ty;ytshd FwtQ;rpahdts; Fw;whyefu;g; gl;lzk;

KOtjpYNk jpupe;J nfhz;bUe;jds;. me;j ehs;fspNy mts; Ngupy; ngUq;Nfhgk;
nfhz;l mts; fhjydhd rpq;fd; vd;gtd;> jd; md;Gf;F cupatshd mr;rpq;fpiaj;
Njbf; nfhz;L> mt;tplj;jpw;F tUfpd;whd;.

tis jbiaAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> tiyiaAk; NjhspNy Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L>

vl;Lj; jpirfSf;Fk; mlq;fhj Mw;wYila FStdhfpa rpq;fd; vd;gtd;> Fw;whyj;
jpup$l kiyapNy te;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;.

nfhf;fpwifj; jd; rpifapNy #bf; nfhz;L FUtp Ntl;ilfis Mbf;nfhz;L

tf;fhtpd; kzpapidg; G+l;bf; nfhz;L klthu;fspd; fz;fisg; Nghy tpsq;Fk;
$u;ikahd <l;biaf; ifapNy vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> mLf;fLf;fhff;
fr;irapid ,Wf;fpf; fl;bf; nfhz;L> Jbf;fpw jd; kPirapid KWf;fp tpl;Lf;
nfhz;L> vl;Lj; jpf;FfspYk; mlq;fhj FStr; rpq;fdhfpa jpup$lr; rpq;fd; te;J
nfhz;bUe;jhd;.

xU fhjzp rq;fj;jhyike;jJ@ kw;nwhU fhjzp jq;fj;jhyhfpaJ. ,g;gb

mzpe;jpUf;Fk; tpNehjkhd ,ay;gpidAilatu; ek; jpup$lehju;. mtUila
jpUehkq;fisg; Nghw;wpj; Jjpj;Jj; jpUePW rhj;Jk; tof;fKila jpup$ld; vd;Dk;
ehkj;ijAila rpq;fDk; ehNdjhd;!

khkhiyg; G+z;lrpq;fd; tq;fzr;rpq;

fpiaj;Njb tUfpd;whNd.

jd; ifapNy <l;bapidj; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L vypfisj; Juj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

tPudhfpa ‘<g;Gyp’ vd;w Nfypg; ngaupidAila E}td; vd;gtDk; te;J
nfhz;bUe;jhd;. fupf;FUtpiag; gpbg;gjw;Fupa fz;zpiaAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L
fhdhq;Nfhopfisg; gpbg;gjw;F cupa nghwpiaAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> %q;fpy;
tpy;ypidAila FStu;fspNy ftz;ld;> ky;yd; vd;gtu;fisg; Nghyj; jd;id
vz;zpf; nfhz;L> tpsq;Ffpd;w E}td; vd;gtDk; te;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;.

nts;isg; Gwhf;fSk;> rNfhjug; gl;rpfSk;> Me;ijfSk;> kPd;nfhj;jpg;

gwitfSk;> kuq;nfhj;jpg; gwitfSk; jpu$lehjupd; kidtpahuhd gpuhl;bahu;

100
mzpe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; tz;zg; gl;lhil Nghy> mzpazpahf te;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd mg;gNd!

,yQ;rpf; Fkug;ngUkhd; jpUtpisahly; nra;Ak; tpisepyg; gFjpfspYk;

gwitfs; te;J ,wq;Ffpd;wdNt> IaNd!

nfhl;Lfs; Koq;f moFld; jpUeldk; nra;fpd;w ngUkhd; Fw;whyehju;.

mtUila jpup$lkiyr; rhuypNy>

NkapDk; INa! Fw;why ehju; tpad;Fy Nrfug;

gl;bf; Fsq;fSk;
Mapug; NgupAk; njd;fhrpAk; Rw;wp mapiuAk;
NjspAk; MuhYk; nfhj;jpNa.

gwitfs; Nka;fpd;wd INa! gwitfs; Nka;fpd;wd INa! jpUf;Fw;whyehjupd;

gue;j FyNrfug; Ngupf; FsKk;> Mapug;Ngupf; FsKk;> njd;fhrpf; FsKk; vy;yhk;
Rw;wpr; Rw;wp> mapiuAk;> NjspAk;> Muhy; kPDk; nfhj;jpf; nfhj;jpg; gwitfs;
Nka;fpd;wd INa! fPiog; GJf;Fsk; fw;G+uf;fhw; gw;W> jl;lhd;Fsr;Rw;W
vd;Dkplq;fspnyy;yhk;> gwitfs; te;J ,wq;fp Nka;fpd;wdNt> IaNd!

2. E}tidj; Njlr; nrhy;Yjy;

NtLtpr;rpahfpa fs;spahd mts;> ‘xUehs; $bapUf;Fk; fhyj;jpNy> vd;id

‘nka;apy;yhjtd;’ vd;W gpzf;fj;jpdhy; nrhd;dhs;. me;jg; Ngr;rhy; ehDk;
gpzq;fpNdd;. mjdhy;> cUtpypahfpa kd;kjDk; vd; Nky; gif nfhz;lhd;. vd;
Nky; kyuk;Gfisg; NghLthdhdhd;. mjdhy;> ehd; Gwg;gl;Lj; NjlTk;
rf;jpaw;wtdhNdd;. E}th! ,j; jpup$l kiy ehl;bNy vq;Fk; Njb vd; rpq;fpiaf;
nfhz;L te;J vdf;Ff; fhl;Lthahf. mg;NghJjhd; ehd; gpiog;Ngd;.

mofpa new;wpf; fz;zpid cilatupd; jpup$lj;jpNy mtisg; Ngha; eP

mize;jhy;jhd; vd;d? ePq;fs; gpupe;jpUe;jhy;jhd; vd;d? E}tDf;F mjdhy; VjhtJ
el;lk; cz;Nlh? vdf;F vjw;flh ,e;jf; fq;fhzk;? rpq;fh! cdf;F mf;fiw
cz;lhdhy; nfhq;fzr; rpq;fpahd cd; fhjypia vd; Kd;dhNy $l;bf; nfhz;Lth@
mg;Gwk; ehd; mtis cdf;Ff; fhl;Lfpd;Nwd;.

,t;thwhfg; ngUfp tUfpw vd; cs;sj;jpd; tpufjhgj;ij vg;gb ehd; jPu;j;Jf;

nfhs;Ntd;? rpte;j thapjo;fisAila vd; fUk;ig> vd; Mirf;nfhbia vd;
rpq;fpiaf; fhz Kbatpy;iyNa!

jhd; Kd; nra;j jtj;jpd; gadhy;> Fw;why efuj;jpNy te;J Nru;e;jhd;@

rpq;fpiaj; NjlYkhdhd;.

101
 3. rpq;fpapd; mq;f milahsk;

fWg;G epwj;jpNy Xu; mofpalh> mg;gNd! vd; rpq;fp fWg;G epwkhdhYk; mts;
xg;gw;w mofpalh! Mdhy;> fhkj;ij vOg;gpj; jd;ghy; Mltiu trg;gLj;JtjpNy
kpFjpahd Mw;wYilats;.

cd; rpq;fpiaj; Njb cd;Dld; Nru;j;J itf;Fk; Ngu;fSf;F vd;dlh $yp

jUtha;? mijr; nrhy;thalh.

thil kUe;Jg; nghbAk;> mk;kpapNywp Cu;e;J tUk; kug;ghitAq;$lg;

gpd;njhlu;e;J tur;nra;Ak; khag;nghbAk;> gpupe;jtu; $bapUg;gjw;fhd
kUe;Jk;> ,UnghOJk; gpupahky; $bapUg;gtu;fisf; fiyg;gjw;fhd kUe;Jk;> fhL
fl;Lk; tpj;ijAk;> neUg;igf; fl;Lk; tpj;ijAk;> Fwsptpj;ij> fz;fl;L tpj;ijfSk;
vy;yhk; epdf;Ff; fhl;bj; jUNtd;. tpNehjkhd fhkDf;Fupa ujpNjtpiag; NghNy ,j;
jpup$lkiyr; rhuypNy cs;stshd vd; rpq;fpiaf; fhl;Lthahf> mg;gNd!

vq;Nfjhd; NghdhNsh mg;gNd! vd; rpq;fp! ,g;NghJ vq;Nfjhd; NghdhNsh

mg;gNd! vYk;ghguzk; mzpe;jtu; jpup$lj;J ,iwtd;@ mtUila ehl;bNy mts;
vq;Nfjhd; NghdhNsh mg;gNd!

nghd;dfu;#o; ed;dfupd;
Nrzhu; ngUe;njUtpw; rpq;fpiaKd; Njbitj;Jf;
fhzhky; NghdnghUs; fz;ltu;Nghw; fz;lhNd.

Mz;ikapddhapUe;Jk; ngz;fisg; Nghyj; jd; tpuf Ntjidapdhy;

jsu;e;JNghd rpq;fd;> jhk; G+Zk; mzpahfg; ghk;Gfis mzpgtupd;> NjtNyhfj;ijg;
Nghd;wjhd ey;y Fw;whyehjupd; ngUik kpf;f ngUe;njUtpNy mtisf; fz;lhd;.
“Njba nghUisf; fhzhkw; Nghf;fbj;Jtpl;L> mjdhy; tUe;jp thbatu; gpd;du;>
mjidf; fz;nlLj;jJ Nghyg;” ngupJk; kfpo;r;rp nfhz;lhd;.

4. ,Utupd; re;jpg;G

Fspu;rr
; p tha;e;j re;jpuidr; rilapNy #batu; Fw;whyehju; mtUila
jpUehl;bNy rpq;fd; rpq;fpahfpa ,UtUk; jk;Kd; fz;l NghJ flyhdJ ngUfpf;
fl;Lf;flq;fhky; NghFk;NghJ> ,ilapNy fiuahdJ epd;W jLj;Jf; fhg;gJNghy>
mtu;fSila fl;Lf;flq;fhj fhjyhy; xd;WNru tpiuAk;NghJ> njUtpd; epidT
te;J FWf;fpl;L> mtu;fs; Mu;tj;ijj; jLj;J epd;wJ. mjdhy; ntl;fq;nfhz;ltshfp
epd;w FWk;Gg; Ngr;Rf;fhupahd rpq;fpiaf; fz;l rpq;fDk;> jkae;jpaplj;jpNy> J}J
nrd;w esidg; Nghy kaq;fp epd;whd;. rpq;fpAk; fd;dp khlj;jpNy tpsq;fpa
jkae;jpiag; Nghd;wtshapdhs;.

102
 5. tho;j;J

Rw;whj Cu;NjhWk; Rw;wNtz; lhk;GytPu;

Fw;whyk; vd;nwhUfhw; $wpdhy; - tw;wh
tltUtp ahNd kWgpwtpr; Nrw;wpy;
eltUtp ahNd eik.

ntw;wp nghUe;jpa kjpazpAk; rilapid cilatid> FWk;gyh kuj;jpd;

mbapNy Nfhtpy;nfhz;L vOe;jUsp ,Uf;Fk; ,iwatid> ntw;wpr; rpwg;Gila
kOg;gilapid Ve;jpapUg;gtid> MNdw;wpNy Cu;e;J tUgtid tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;!

jdf;nfhU je;ijapy;yhj jpUkfidg; ngupa kiyaurhfpa ,kthDf;F

kUkfid> Ntjq;fs; Koq;Ffpd;w rq;ftPjpapid cilatid> Ntjpadhfpa
rptngUkhid tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;!

ahid Kfj;jpidAila xg;gw;w NfhkhidAk;> ,dpik nrwpe;j ,yQ;rpapNy

Nfhtpy;nfhz;bUf;Fk; KUfg; ngUkhidAk; ike;ju;fs; vd;W
ngw;Ws;s ,iwatid> kiwatid tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;!

Nts;tpj; jPapdplj;jpNy gwpnfhLj;j mofpa jiyf;F <lhfj;> jd; khkdhfpa

jf;fDf;F Ml;Lj; jiyia xl;l itj;Jr; rpwg;Gr;nra;j epiyngw;w
ngupNahdhfpa ,iwtid tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;!

fhkNjtDf;Fk;> jhkiu thrdhfpa gpuk NjtDf;Fk;> Njtfd;dpahfpa

nja;tahidf;Fk; khkd; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; mUshsdhfpa ngUkhid
tho;j;JfpNwd;!

neba cyfk; midj;ijAk; mse;jtdhfpa nebatdhfpa jpUkhYk;>

gpukDk; NjLtjw;F mupatdhfpa me;jf; jpup$lg; ngUkhid ahd; tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;!

rpj;jpuh ejpapdJ fiuapNy Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUg;gtid> NjdUtp tpOfpd;w

ngUf;fj;jpid cilatid> rp;j;jpu rigapNy eldk; ,Lfpd;wtid> epiyngw;w
Fw;why ehjid> ehd; tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;!

ghk;gzpfisg; G+z;ltidg; gf;ju;fis Ml;nfhz;lUspatid> vd;Wk;

jhz;ltkhbf; nfhz;bUg;gtid> midtUf;Fk; Mz;ltdhfpa ngUkhid
tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.

mup> mad;> mud; Mfpa %d;W flTsu;fSk; jhNdahfp vd;Wk; ePq;fhJ

tPw;wpUf;Fk; jpup$l ehjdhfpa Nkd;ikahsidj;> jpfk;guid tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.
jpfk;gud; - epu;thz epiyapNyapUg;gtd;.

103
 rpw;whw;wq; fiuapNy Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUg;gtid> jpup$l kiyf;F
cupikAilatidf; Fw;why efuplj;jpNy tPw;wpUg;gtidj;> jl;rpzh%u;j;jpahf
tpsq;fpa FU%u;j;jpia tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.

kjahidapd; Njhiy cupj;jtid> %d;whk; gpiwapidr; rilapNy

jupj;jtid> tltUtpj; Jiwapid cila Fw;whyj;jpNy Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUg;gtid>
Ntjq;fspd; cl;nghUshfpa ,iwatid tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.

kiwfis MjpapNy mUspr;nra;j Kjy;tid> midj;J capu;fSf;Fk;

Kw;gl;ltid> Foy;tha;nkhop mk;ikahUld; Nru;e;jpUf;Fk; kd;dtid
tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.

6. thop eP^op!

‘fr;R’ vd;Wk; nghUe;jpapUf;fpd;w jdghuq;fis cilats; Foy;tha;nkhop

mk;gpif@ mts; tho;f! mtis kzf;f ,iwtd; #l;ba kyu;khiy tho;f!
jpup$lj;J kf;fs; midtUk; tho;f! FWKdpahfpa mfj;jpad; Kd;dhspNy nrhd;d
Nguhfpa Fw;why ehju; vd;Dk; jpUehkk; tho;f! ey;y efuk; vd;w ngaUld;
rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;Fk; Fw;whykhfpa CUk; tho;f! Fw;whyj;jpd;ghy; md;Gila
mbatu;fs; midtUNk eP^op tho;f! tho;f!

104
 njhFg;Giu
jiytpf;Fk; Fwj;jpf;Fk; ,ilNa Fwpnrhy;Yk kjpEl;gj;jpy; eilngw;w
ciuahlypy;> tre;jty;ypapd; moF> ge;jhLk; jpwd;> Fw;whyehju; kPJ nfhz;l
fhjy;> Fwj;jpapd; ehl;L tsk; Kjypa nra;jpfis mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. rpq;fpiaj;
NjLk; rpq;fdpd; kdepiy> E}tdpd; Nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpy; mspf;Fk; rpq;fdpd; jpwk;>
rpq;fpiaf; fz;l kfpo;r;rpapy; ,UtUk; Fw;why ehjiug; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;jy;
Kjypad ,g;ghlg;gFjp top ehk; mwpe;jitahFk;.

gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;
1. Fw;why ehjupd; gtdp Fwpj;J vOJf.

2. tre;jty;ypapd; moifAk; ge;jhLk; jpwidAk; tptup.

3. Fwj;jp Fwp $w jiytpaplk; Nfl;Fk; nghUl;fs; ahit?

4. Fwj;jp $Wk; ehl;L tsk; Fwpj;J fl;Liuf;f.

5. Fwpapd; tiffs; kw;Wk; Fwpnrhy;Yk; kjpEl;gj;ij tptup.

6. rpq;fpiaj; Njb miyAk; rpq;fdpd; kdepiyia tptup.

7. rpq;fDf;Fk; EtDf;Fk; eilngw;w ciuahly; Fwpj;J vOJf.

8. Fw;why ehjiug; Nghw;Wk; rpq;fd; rpq;fpiag; gw;wp tptupj;J vOJf.

105