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Lab 3:differenceequations, Z-Transforms, Pole-Zerodiagrams, Bibostabilityandquantizationeffects

This document summarizes exercises completed on difference equations, z-transforms, pole-zero diagrams, BIBO stability, and quantization effects. The exercises included: 1) Analyzing the response of a system to different inputs using a difference equation. 2) Plotting pole-zero diagrams to determine stability for various systems. 3) Designing an IIR filter and analyzing its frequency response and stability before and after coefficient quantization. Quantization was found to affect the frequency response and could cause instability.

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Christina J. Ha
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43 views10 pages

Lab 3:differenceequations, Z-Transforms, Pole-Zerodiagrams, Bibostabilityandquantizationeffects

This document summarizes exercises completed on difference equations, z-transforms, pole-zero diagrams, BIBO stability, and quantization effects. The exercises included: 1) Analyzing the response of a system to different inputs using a difference equation. 2) Plotting pole-zero diagrams to determine stability for various systems. 3) Designing an IIR filter and analyzing its frequency response and stability before and after coefficient quantization. Quantization was found to affect the frequency response and could cause instability.

Uploaded by

Christina J. Ha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB 3:DifferenceEquations,z-Transforms,Pole-

ZeroDiagrams,BIBOStabilityandQuantizationEffects
Présenté à Dr Lise Safatly
Préparé par Christina Hachem
Exercice 1:
a. function y = diffeqn(a,x,yn1)
N = length(x);

y(1)=a*yn1+x(1);
for i=2:N
y(i)=a*y(i-1)+x(i);
end

end
b. >>a=1;
>> yn1=0;

>> x1=[1 zeros(1,30)];

>> y1=diffeqn(a,x1,yn1);

>>stem(y1);
>> ylabel('y1');
>> xlabel('n');
>> title('the response due to the unit impulse’);
>> x2=ones(1,31);

>> y2=diffeqn(a,x2,y1);

>> stem(y2);

>> ylabel('y2')

>> xlabel('n')

>> title('The response due to the unit step ')

c. >> yn1=-1;

>> x1=ones(1,31);

>>y1=diffeqn(a,x1,yn1);

>>x2=2*x1;

>>y2=diffeqn(a,x2,yn1);

>>stem(2*y1-y2);

>>ylabel('2*y1-y2');

>>xlabel('n');

>>title('Graph for 2*y1(n)-y2(n)


d. >> a=0.5;

>>x=ones(1,31)

>>yn1=0;

>>y1=diffeqn(a,x,yn1);

>>subplot(2,1,1);

>>stem(y1);

>>ylabel('y1');

>>xlabel('n');

>>title('The response due to the unit step with yn1=0’)

>>yn2=0.5;

>> y2=diffeqn(a,x,yn2);

>>subplot(2,1,2);

>> stem(y2);

>> ylabel('y2(n)’);

>> xlabel('n');

>> title('The response due to the unit step with yn1=0.5’)


The response converges to 2 faster when yn1 increases.

Exercice 2 :

a. >> b1=[1 -1 0]

>> a1=[1 3 2];

>> dpzplot(b1,a1);

>> title('poles and zeros of H(z)=(z^2-z)/(z^2+3z+2)');

>> xlabel('Re');

>> ylabel('Im');
Not stable.

b. >>b2=1;

>> a2=[1 1 0.5];

>> title('Poles and zeros of y(n)+y(n-1)+0.5y(n-2)=x(n)');

>> xlabel('Re');

>> ylabel('Im');

Stable.

c. >>b3=[1 0.5];

>>a3=[1 -1.25 0.75 -0.125];

>>dpzplot(b3,a3);

>>title('Poles and zeros of y(n)-1.25y(n-1)+0.5y(n-2)-0.125y(n-3)=x(n)+0.5x(n-1)');


>>xlabel('Re');

>>ylabel('Im');

Stable.

Exercice 3:

>> [b,a] = ellip(4,0.2,40,[0.41 0.47]);

>>[H,w] = freqz(b,a,4096);

>> plot(w/pi,20*log10(abs(H)));

>> axis([0 1 -80 10]);

>> title('Magnitude for frequency response');

>> xlabel('frequency');

>> ylabel('|H(w)|(dB)');

a. >> x=[1 zeros(1,4095)];

>>h=filter(b,a,x);

>>plot(h(1:200));
>>title('Impulse response of the filter without quantization (a,b)');

>>xlabel('frequency');

>>ylabel('|H(w)|');

The response converges to 0s it’s a stable filter.

b. >> M=max(abs([b a]));

>>a16=quant(a,16,M);

>>b16=quant(b,16,M);

>>[H16,w] = freqz(b16,a16,4096);

>>plot(w/pi,20*log10(abs(H16)));

>>axis([0 1 -80 10]);

>>title('Magnitude for frequency response of the quantized filter (b16,a16)');

>>xlabel('frequency');

>>ylabel('|H(w)|');
The quantization of the coefficients has affected the frequency response.

c. >>dpzplot(b16,a16);

>>title('Poles and zeros for (b16,a16)');

>>xlabel('Re');

>>ylabel('Im');

Stable since all the poles are inside the unity circle.

d. >>a12=quant(a,12,M);

>>b12=quant(b,12,M);

>>[H12,w] = freqz(b12,a12,4096);

>>plot(w/pi,20*log10(abs(H12)));

>>title('Magnitude for frequency response of the quantized filter (b12,a12)');

>>xlabel('frequency');

>>ylabel('|H(w)|');

>> dpzplot(b12,a12);

>>title('Poles and zeros for (b12,a12)');


>>xlabel('Re(z)');

>>ylabel('Im(z)');

Not causal and not stable.

>> dpzplot(b,a);

>>title('Poles and zeros for (b,a)');

>>xlabel('Re(z)');

>>ylabel('Im(z)');

Stable.

e. >> h12=filter(b12,a12,x);

>>plot(h12(1:200));

>>title('Impulse response of the filter after quantization (b12,a12)');

>>xlabel('frequency');
The response diverges so the filter is not stable.

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