1. Finite element analysis deals with approximate numerical solution.

2. Discrete analysis covers all 2D and 3D trusses and frames.

3. FEM is a generalization of Rayleigh Ritz method.

4. Variational principle is the basics for Displacement method.

5. Displacement method is based on minimum Potential energy.

6. Hybrid method is best suited for problems with prescribed Stresses.

7. Primary variable in FEM structural analysis is Displacement.

8. (AB)t = Bt At

9. Prescribed loads can form input data in Displacement method.

10. If A and B are matrices then which from the following is true – AB ≠ BA.

11. The matrix is a Scalar matrix.

12. Flexibility matrix approach is used in Force method.

13. Which type of element is not three-dimensional Quadrilateral.

14. To solve the FEM problem, it subdivides a large problem into smaller, simpler

parts that are called Finite elements.

15. The art of subdividing a structure into a convenient number of smaller

components is known as Discretization.

16. Number of displacement polynomials used for an element depends on Degree

of Freedom.

17. The Finite element method mostly used in the field of Engineering Mechanics.

18. At fixed support the displacements are equal to Zero.

19. In FEA, the sub domains are called as elements.

20. The numbers of node for 1D elements are Two.

21. Example of 2D element is Triangle.

22. To solve engineering problem, we have to formulate the pattern as math

expression in terms of variables, functions and equations, such expression is

called Math model.

23. The number of discretized equations is equal to the number of Discretized

Cells.

24. Which of this method is not a discretization – Gauss Seidel Method.

25. If the domain and equations are not discretized, which of these will become

true? – Numerical solution cannot be obtained.

26. The finite volume method integrates the governing equations in each cell.

27. Galerkin technique is also called as Weighted residual technique.

28. To solve a galerkin method of approach equation must be in Differential

Equation.

29. Equilibrium conditions are obtained by minimizing Potential Energy.

30. Rayleigh Ritz method relies o the principle of Minimum potential energy for

conservative systems.

31. In weighted residual technique the methods adopted are point collocations,

least squares, galerkin’s methods.

32. Raleigh ritz method is a Functional approximation method.

33. Total Potential Energy is Strain energy – work done by External forces.

34. If the order of a matrix A is m x p. and the order of p x n. Then the order of matrix

AB is m x n.

35. If the structure is divided into discrete areas or volumes then it is called an

Element.

36. In the finite element modelling every element connects to 2 nodes.

37. In one dimensional problem, each node has one degree of freedom.

38. One dimensional element is the linear segments which are used to model Bars

and trusses.

39. To solve the FEM problem, it subdivides a large problem into smaller, simpler

parts that are called as finite elements.

40. Stiffness matrix is Symmetric and square.

41. In stiffness matrix all the diagonal elements are positive.

42. Which relations are used in one dimensional finite element modeling? Total

potential energy; Stress-strain relation; Strain-displacement relation.

43. Discretization includes Element and node numbering.

44. Global nodes correspond to Entire Body.

45. Local node number corresponds to One element.

46. Natural or intrinsic coordinate system is used to define Shape functions.

47. Shape function is just a Interpolation function.

48. The displacement function for 1D, two node linear element in terms of shape

function will be u = N1 u1 + N2 u2

49. Write the Shape function of the given element. N1 = 1-x / le & N2 = x / le

u = N1 u1(e) + N2 u2(e)
e

50. 6 node triangular element is known as linear strain triangular element. It has 12

unknown displacements.
51. The magnitude of thermal stresses will influence the design of devices

such as boilers, steam turbines and jet engines. If a heated body is not

permitted to expand freely in all the directions, thermal stresses will be

developed inside the body. -Correct Knowledge of temperature distribution

with in a body is not important in computing the heat added to or removed from

a body.- Wrong

52. Interpolation function of 2D FEA model equation should be: 1. Be sufficiency

Differentiable 2. Include linearly independent terms. – Correct.

53. The energy generated in a solid body is q V

54. A triangular plane stress element has 6 DOF.

55. A 3D dam is usually modeled with 2D plane strain elements.

56. Plane stress element is an extension of truss element.

57. In Scalar variable problems, the quantities of field variable have magnitude

only and do not have any specific direction.

58. When the frequency of external force is equal to the natural frequency of a

vibrating body, the amplitude becomes excessively large. This phenomenon is

called as Resonance.

59. When the particles of the shaft or disc move in a circle about the axis of the

shaft, then the vibrations are known as Torsional Vibrations.

60. The natural frequencies of a structure are given by [K] – ω2[M] = 0

61. The deformation of a truss element is axial.

62. The primary field variable in a beam element problem Slope and deflection

63. The temperature variation is assumed to be Constant in a triangular element

with three nodes.

64. Consider a simply supported beam. If the mass of the beam is assumed to be

concentrated at two known points (supports) such a system is called as

Lumped Mass.

65. In two-dimensional modelling, each node has Two degree of freedom.

66. Vibration in machine tools, electric bells, vibratory conveyors are referred as

Forced vibration.

67. In theory of torsion, the material should be homogeneous.

68. A higher order element can be either a complex or a multiplex element.

69. Select the boundary conditions applied to thermal problems - heat flux &

generation

70. A structure with loads at joints only is usually modelled by Truss elements

71. A frame with nodal loads only is modeled as an assembly of truss elements, if

resistance to rotational degree of freedom of joints is very small.

72. A truss element in space has a stiffness matrix of order 6 x 6

73. Stiffness matrix of a torsion element is of the same order as Truss element

74. Penalty approach leads to Zero displacements at supports.

75. Stress across any 1D element is assumed to be constant true for beam

elements

76. Accuracy of solution improves with increase of number of beam elements.

77. Conductance matrix is the equivalent of stiffness matrix in thermal analysis.

78. When particles of the Shaft or disc moves parallel to the axis of the shaft, then

the vibrations are Longitudinal vibration.

79. When particles of the Shaft or disc moves perpendicular to the axis of the shaft,

then the vibrations are transverse vibration.

80. Mode superposition method is used for solving transient vibration problems.

81. Select the equation of stiffness matrix for 1D heat conduction element

[K] = AK/ l {1 -1, -1 1} – Matrix

82. A Path line is defined as locus of points through which a fluid particle of fixed

identity passes as it moves in space.

83. A Streamline is defined as locus as imaginary line that connects aa series of

points in space at a given instant in such a manner that all particles falling on

the line at that instant have velocities whose vectors are tangent to the line.

84. The theory of Pure torsion – relation Correct & Wrong

Strain and deformation are small

Twist is uniform along the length of the shaft
The material of the shaft is homogeneous, perfectly elastic and obeys law
The Stresses will exceed the limit of proportionality

85. Ten nodded triangular element is called as Cubic displacement triangle.

86. Equation for torsional triangular element {F} Global = [K] Global {Ө}

87. Equation for heat transfer {F} Global = [K] Global {T}

88. Six number of unknown displacement degrees of freedom for Constant Strain

triangular Elements

89. Plane Stress condition – Shear stress XY plane

90. Stiffness matrix for CST element [K] =[B]T [D] [B] A t

91. For CST below image, what is the size of Stiffness matrix?

6 x6
92. Properties of Shape function. Correct & Wrong

The Shape function has unit value at one odal point and zero value at
other nodal points.
Nonlinear Equation
Sum of shape function is always greater than one
Shape functions values are always equal
93. The shape function has unit value at one nodal point and xero value at other

nodal points. Six

94. Example of plane stress condition Gear

95. Plane stress to be state of stress in which the normal stress and shear stresses

directed perpendicular to the plane are assumed to be zero.

96. Object under plain strain conditions, ƐZ = 0, YZX = 0, YZY = 0, Since the

dimensions of the object in the direction of z is very small compared to

the dimensions in x & y directions

97. An element with no internal nodes is classified as Serendipity element.

98. Match the following heat transfer 1-b 2-c 3-a

99. Find the area of this constant strain triangular element? All DIMENSIONS ARE

IN mm – 2700mm2
100. In the High Order Elements, some secondary nodes are introduced in addition

to the primary nodes in order to match the number of nodal degrees of freedom

with the number of constants in the interpolation polynomial.

101. A triangular element with cubic displacement function requires 10 nodes to

represent the complete and symmetric polynomial.

102. Select the expression for stiffness matrix of 1D heat conduction with free end

convection.

103. Correct & Wrong

The finite element method requires all loads to be applied only at node points.
All stiffness matrices are symmetric
The diagonal elements of stiffness matrix can be negative.
104. The ends of a truss element are Pin-jointed

105. The mass of the element is uniformly distributed and the same functions is used

for computing both mass and stiffness matrix. The above statements relate to

consistent mass matrix.

106. The information of array of size and number of elements and nodes per

elements can be seen in Element connectivity table

107. Consistent mass matrix of longitudinal

vibration of bar element.

108. Governing equation for free axial

vibration of the rod.

109. Stiffness matrix for torsional bar element.

110. The number of columns in a connectivity matrix [B] corresponds to Maximum

number of nodes in any element.

111. Which is not the applications of axisymmetric element? – Triangular prism

112. Advantages of Shell elements: Higher load carrying capacity, Lesser

support requirement, large useful space.

113. Condition for a problem to be axisymmetric:

All the boundary conditions must be symmetric about the axis revolution
All loading conditions must be symmetric about the axis of revolution
The problem domain must be symmetric about the axis of revolution

Consider a mesh as shown below. What could be the dimensions of its

connectivity matrix [B]? (Where the numbers marked in red are global nodes

and numbers marked in black are the local nodes.)

4X4

114. If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is less than number of

nodes used for defining the displacements, then the element is known as Sub

parametric element.

115. For the minimum number of quadrature points (n) required to integrate a

polynomial of order 8 using gauss quadrature numerical integration scheme?

n=5

116. For Quadrilateral element, the components of Jacobian matrix are [J] J11 =1

J12 = 0.5 J13 = .05 J14 = 1. Find the value of |J| |J| = 0.75
117. For isoparametric element having natural coordinate ( ƞ = 0.8, Ɛ = 0.6), the value

of shape function (N1) 0.02

118. In Super parametric finite element formulation, the degree of shape function

used for the geometry is high order than that used for unknown primary variable.

119. Gauss- Quadrature – Quadrature points and nodes are the same.

120. What are the limits of gaussian quadrature integration domain—

-1 ≤ Ɛ ≤1 and -1≤ƞ≤1

121. For isoparametric formulation with three interpolation functions (m=3), the

minimum number of quadrature points (n) is to ensure accurate integration

should be n = 3

122. The basics procedure for solving a system of linear algebraic equations is called

Gauss elimination method.

123. Quadratic isoparametric elements can have straight or curved edges – True

124. Gaussian elimination method transforms a given sent of linear equations into a

Triangular form of equations.

125. Numerical Integration –

Plays a significant role in the formulation of a isoparametric finite element.

Of developing a local element is streamlined since that area integrals
need not to be evaluated analytically.
And isoparametric finite element are logical choices for solving
axisymmetric field problems

126. Identify the wrong statement.

Numerical integration is used extensively in finite element analysis.

Elementary integration formulas, such as the trapezoidal rule, often
assume equally spaced data.
Gauss quadrature is not accepted numerical integration scheme in finite
element applications
The term quadrature means numerical integration.
127. Identify the wrong statement.

The sampling points or Gauss points are not called as weights.

Gauss-Legendre quadrature is the most popular for finite element
analysis.
The development of the weights and sampling points is based upon the
Legendre polynomial.
Gauss-Legendre numerical integration requires that the integration limits
be from -1 to 1

128. The Lagrange polynomial formular

is an interpolation formula that used for generating shape functions
can be used to construct shape function corresponding to any line element
to any line element can be easily extended to higher dimensions.

129. Identify the wrong statement.

Isoparametric is a name that implies certain properties for an element that
is integrated in a normalized space.
An interpolation function is not used to approximate the physical
parameter along the boundaries and interior of the element.
When the same node locations are used for both approximations, the
elements is said to be isoparametric.
When fewer nodes are used to define the geometry than are used to
define the shape function, the element is termed sub parametric.

130. For coordinate transformations, the quadrilateral element

Is equal valid for triangular element
Differs significantly if area coordinates are to be used to define shape
functions for triangular element
Need two coordinates for description.

131. Within elastic limit, results due to a combination of loads is same as linear

superposition of results by each of those loads – Always True

132. A truss element in ANSYS is identified Spar element

133. Most FEM software use displacement method

134. Distributed load along an edge of a plane stress element is usually specified as

Pressure at nodes along the edge

135. Displacements in most FEM software are given in Units based on input data

136. A general plate element is a superposition of plane stress & plate bending

137. Number of stress components per node calculated for a triangular axisymmetric

element is 4

138. Number of stress components per node calculated for a plane stress

quadrilateral element is 3

139. Order of stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric model with 20 nodes is 40

140. Order of stiffness matrix for a plane stress model with 20 nodes is 40

141. A plate 1mm thickness with in-plane loads is modeled by Plane stress element

142. Actual thickness of plane strain element is very large

143. Axisymmetric structures are usually modelled in global cylindrical

coordinates

144. Plate bending element is an extension of beam element.

145. Plane stress element is an extension of truss element.

146. Stress strain matrix for plate bending element is of order 3 x 3.

147. Stress strain matrix for axisymmetric element is of order 3 x 3.

148. For an axisymmetric heat transfer problem stated in cylindrical coordinates (r,

Ө, z), the temperature does not vary along the coordinate – theta – Ө

149. 3 is the number of non-zero stress components for a plane stress problem.

150. For a plane strain problem, Which strain value is correct if the problem is

characterized by the displacement field ux = ux (x,y), uy = uy (x,y) and uz=0?

Ɛxz = 0
151. Curved boundary is better modeled by using isoparametric element.

152. When more nodes are used to define the geometry than are used to define the

displacement, the element is called super parametric element

153. Derivatives of displacement function with respect to element coordinate system

and non-dimensional coordinate system is given by Jacobian

154. A beam has a single bending moment resistance, while a plate resists bending

about two axes and has a twisting moment – True

155. Thin plate theory is satisfactory for plates with ratio of thickness to span

exceeding 1/10 and the ratio of maximum deflection to thickness less then 1/5.

156. Find the minimum number of quadrature points (r) required to integrate the

polynomial of order 8 using gauss quadrature numerical integration scheme r=5

157. In gauss quadrature numerical integration scheme sampling points are

symmetrically arranged with respect to center of intervals.

158. Consider an axisymmetric problem of which is having a radius of r, rotational

angle Ө and length l. then r dl dӨ is Elemental surface area.

159. The transverse deflection w and angles of rotation of the transverse

normal to about in plane axes are the primary variables in the shear

deformation theory of plate deformation.

160. The most direct method in solving dynamic analysis is Explicit dynamics and

Explicit time integration.

161. Modal dynamics method is used for vibration analysis

162. Natural coordinate system is used to define any point inside the element by a
set of dimensionless numbers whose magnitude never exceeds unity.
163. If the thickness of the shell to the radius of curvature is less than .05, then the
shell is thin shell.