Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV- A CALABARZON
CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION OF
BACOOR
City of Bacoor Senior High School - Alima
Worksheet in General Biology 1 (SHS-STEM)
Quarter 1 Week 2
Name of Learner: _____________________________ Date__________________
Grade/Section: _____________________________ Teacher________________
Subject: General Biology 1 Activity NO. 1
Most Essential Learning Competency
Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles
MOTIVATION:
Do cell organelles comparable to the function of every member of the
society? Why do you think so?
PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON
Introduction
All the cellular organelles are functioning well in order to support life.
There is no least or more important part because all are equally essential.
Everybody will suffer even if one organelle fails to perform its function.
It’s like you and me, we have different roles but all roles are needed to
keep life possible. Much like in your family, each member needs each other in
order to survive, you need your parents much as your parents needs you. The
parts and function of the cell is like a TEAM.
The principal parts of a cell are:
1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus
The nucleus is covered with a
membrane that allows materials to
pass in and out. It’s often called the
“control center” of the cell
because it contains DNA.
The cell membrane is a semi-
permeable membrane that facilitate the
movement of molecules inside and
outside the plant or animal cell. It allows
only chosen substances to enter or leave
cell which can protect the cell from
harmful substances.
The cell membrane is often pictured as
fluid mosaic model. Fluidity becomes
its characteristic because its molecules
are constantly moving. The phospholipid
molecules move sideways within the
membrane. Since the plasma membrane
is fluid, it can seal itself if it is damaged or broken.
The cytoplasm is a
viscous fluid or jelly like
material where organelles
are embedded. Its jelly
like feature secures the
organelles in plants and
animals so that they
remain in place.
The Mitochondria are called the “powerhouses” of cells. They
produce much of the energy a plant or animal cell needs to carry out
its functions. They are the centers of cellular respiration, a process in
which energy-rich ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) that functions in
energy storage and transfer is
produced.
A vacuole is the storage area of the
cell. Vacuoles store water, food, and
waste. Animals have a very small
vacuole while plants as the
producers through the process of
photosynthesis have a big central
vacuole.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
is a series of tunnels throughout
the cytoplasm.
They transport proteins from one
part of the cell to another that is
why they are called as the
transport center of the cell.
E.R in plants and animals
form a network of tiny canals through the cell. These canals are formed
by two parallel membranes. They connect the nuclear membrane and
the plasma membrane thus serving as passageway for food substances.
Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Smooth- ribosome free and functions in detoxification of lipids.
Rough - contains ribosomes and releases newly made protein from the
cell.
Ribosomes are the protein factories of
the cell. These are very essential since
all the functions and processes in plant
and animal cell requires protein. Even
all the organelles inside the cell are
made up of proteins making ribosomes
very important.
Golgi bodies receive proteins and other
compounds from the ER. They package
these materials and distribute them to
the plant and animal parts of the cell.
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes
that can break things down. Lysosomes
pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles
in plant and animal cell and break them
into small pieces that can be reused.
The
cytoskeleton is a series of fibers made
from proteins. It provides structure to the
cell and gives it its shape.
Components of cytoskeleton
• Microtubules- absent in plant cell, it
provide pathways for certain cellular
molecules to move about just as tracks
are provided for railroad cars or trains. It
is also found in structures like the cilia and flagella which both aid in
movement. For examples, the cells that line your windpipe use cilia to
sweep foreign materials from the lungs. Sperm cells use flagella to
move. It is also involve in cell division as a mitotic spindle.
Intermediate filaments- these are absent in plants. Since they are the
most stable component of the cytoskeleton, they are found in durable
structures such as hair, scales and fingernails. They also help provide
structure to the nuclear envelope.
Microfilaments- pipe-like structures and help provide shape and
movement for the cells. Examples of microfilaments are found in muscle
cells.
Cell wall is a rigid organelle composed
of cellulose that gives plant cell its box-
like shape. The cell wall consist of
several distinct layers. The primary cell
wall is the outer layer, it expands as
the cell grows. As the plant reaches its
full size, a secondary cell wall develops
inside the primary cell wall. Both the
primary and secondary walls are
composed mainly of polysaccharide
cellulose which is commercially
important as the main component of paper and cotton. Aside for
cellulose, the secondary walls usually contain lignin, a complex organic
compound that adds hardness and rigidity to cell walls.
Centrioles are paired organelles
found only in animal cell. They are
located together near the nucleus, at
right angles to each other. They are
essential building cilia and flagella
and also as spindle fiber during cell
division.
Development:
Cellopolis: The Cell City (Analogy)
Refer to the illustration below to answer the table. We know that the cell is
composed of several organelles, which are floating around the cytoplasm.
Just like the organs in our body that carry out their specific functions
necessary for the cell to survive. Imagine that a cell is a miniature city and
the organelles represent companies, places, parts or people of the city
because of the similarity of their task/ function. Identify the organelle that
represents the companies, places, parts, and people of the city in the table
below.
Directions: Read the paragraph below. Complete the table. Use the
illustration above for reference.
In a city called Cellopolis, the city is governed by the City Hall that
controls all the activities in the city. It houses the City Planning Office that
creates plans for the projects and materials needed for the city progress and
development. There are important city structures that can be found within
the city that sustain the stability of the city’s socio-economic status. Among
these structures are the Solar-Powered Food Processing Plant that utilizes
solar energy to manufacture food. The Power Plant that produces and supplies
energy within the city. The Storage Tank that serves as water reservoir. The
Factory that builds up materials to be used for manufacturing important
products for economic growth and success of the city. The Post Office that
packages materials to be transported within and outside the city. There is a
Transport System that serves as pathway for the delivery/ transportation of
materials in any locations within the city. The entire city is surrounded and
protected by a Fence/ Gate. There is also a Security Guard that secures the
safety and allows the entry and exit of the people and materials in and out of
the city.
City Function of City Organelle Function of the
Structure Structure that has Organelle
the most
similar
function
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Engagement:
Guided Questions:
1. Based on your answers in the table, why did you compare the city
structures with the organelles that you thought might be analogous with
each other?
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2. Based on the given structures, is it an animal cell or a plant cell? Why?
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3. The city structure that may represent the lysosome is not included. If you
will add the said structure in the cell city, what would it be? Why?
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4. Cytoplasm is a jelly like area between the nucleus and the cell membrane
that helps the organelle to move throughout the cell since the organelles are
floating in it. What city in the world resembles the cell that is filled with
fluid/ liquid? Why?
Assimilation:
Directions: Make a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the animal cell
and the plant cell. Inside each circle place the organelle/s that is/are
unique to an animal cell and to a plant cell. If the organelles are common to
both, place the organelles in the portion in which the two circles overlap.
Animal Cell Both Plant Cell
Guided Questions:
1. What are the organelles present in both animal cell and plant cell?
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2. What are the organelles that are present only in animal cell but absent in
plant cell?
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3. What are the organelles that are present only in plant cell but absent in
animal cell?
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4. Compare the shape of animal cell and plant cell.
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5. Explain why plant cells are generally larger than animal cells?
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What have you learned?
1. We said that the brain of the cell is the nucleus since it controls all the
cell’s activities. How does the nucleus control the cell’s activities?
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2. It is said that the cell membrane is selectively permeable. Why is it
important for the cell membrane to be selectively permeable?
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3. Why is it that animal cells have only small vacuoles whereas, plant cells
have bigger vacuoles?
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4. Why do you think lysosomes are rarely seen in plant cells and often
thought absent in plant cell?
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5. It is stated that lysosomes can destroy bacteria and viruses. Does it mean
that we can kill corona virus which is the cause of COVID-19 that already
spread worldwide and became pandemic? Think of a possible solution on
how to use lysosome in solving the case of COVID-19 and to stop it from
spreading.
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REFLECTION:
I understand that__________________________________________________
I realized that ___________________________________________________
(Parent Signature over Printed Name)
Checked by:
Lourdes G. Austria
(Adviser/Subject Teacher Over Printed Name)
