International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)

Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, pp. 327–335, Article ID: IJMET_09_01_035

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ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

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DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH OF GRAPHENE REINFORCED
WITH ALUMINIUM-7075 METAL MATRIX
COMPOSITES
Lokesh KS*, Chethan IC, Naveen Kumar KR, Vinayaka Kannantha
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Srinivas Institute of Technology, Volachil, Mangaluru

Naveen Kumar JR
Assistant Professor, Department of NanoTechnology,
Srinivas Institute of Technology, Volachil, Mangaluru

ABSTRACT
Use of light weight structures demands lot of commercial aspects correlation with
enhancement of properties offer unique applications which directs to develop new age
materials which might be originating from the polymers, metals, ceramics to conclude
the effective utilization of material to satisfy end user. The Role of lightweight
materials in many industries and research fields is to accelerate the need of finding
dynamic combinations to excel the most desirable commercial aspects owning to its
light weight, high strength, higher hardness, wear resistance, durability. Graphene
based materials offer better platform to innovate lighter and stiffer and tougher
materials. Unlike other materials graphene weighs very lighter and stronger stimulate
to use this as a major reinforcing material with most flexible matrix is aluminum.
Significantly graphene is the only material available in two-dimensional structure
which yields better mechanical properties like strength and hardness. To aid the easy
preparation of metal matrix composites a well-known technique called stir casting
technique is normally employed. By keeping this objective, the present work involves
the synthesis of graphene reinforced aluminum based metal matrix composites with
the help of stir casting process. The aluminum powder used here is 7075 grade which
is meant for aerospace structure to retain as better matrix material. Graphene is
added to aluminum matrix with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight of the matrix
considered. Compression test has been performed for all the prepared samples with
the help digital UTM. It is found that sample filled with 0.5% of graphene shows
excellent resistance to compressive loading
Which records maximum strain of 0.60025 against applied break load of 222KN
which are concluded to be better compared to the rest of the samples
Keywords: Graphene composites, Al-graphene, MMC’s, Nano composites

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Determination of Compressive Strength of Graphene Reinforced with Aluminium-7075 Metal Matrix
Composites

Cite this Article: Lokesh KS, Chethan IC, Naveen Kumar KR, Vinayaka Kannantha
and Naveen Kumar JR, Determination of Compressive Strength of Graphene
Reinforced with Aluminium-7075 Metal Matrix Composites, International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9(1), 2018. pp. 327–335.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=1

1. INTRODUCTION
Metal matrix composites, at present though generating a wide interest in research fraternity,
are not as widely in use as their plastic counterparts. High strength, fracture toughness and
stiffness are offered by metal matrices than those offered by their polymer counterparts. They
can withstand elevated temperature in corrosive environment than polymer composites. Only
light metals are responsive, with their low density proving an advantage. Titanium,
Aluminum and magnesium are the popular matrix metals currently in vogue, which are
particularly useful for aircraft applications. The strength-to-weight ratios of resulting
composites can be higher than most alloys. The melting point, physical and mechanical
properties of the composite at various temperatures determine the service temperature of
composites. It is more significant to introduce lighter metals as a part of structural aspects
aiming that loading superficial material showing least density to impart desired qualities like
strength and hardness by correlating with domain matrix, the new trend has been evolved to
admin the light weight composites is graphene material. The graphene and aluminum are two
metals so that these both come under metal matrix composites (MMC) these are fabricated by
stir process, this is developed because lightweight material, cost is less, high strength, and it’s
a high thermal conductivity material. Graphene shows excellent thermal conductivity due to
its excellent thermal conductivity, graphene is a good metal for the reinforcement of an
aluminum matrix to enhance the thermal conductivity [1]. The Metal Matrix Composites
(MMC) has been developed with powder metallurgy as we know that powder metallurgy is
simple process that gives excellent finishing for micro structural materials because it has
ability to distribute reinforcement uniformly [2]. The choice of Aluminum alloy is done
because it’s local availability and its lower cost for processing. There are many techniques are
there to develop a reinforced MMC, mainly powder metallurgy and squeeze casting, the
particular composite is preferred by the mixing of aluminum and graphene [3]. The structure
of graphene is as shown in fig.1

Figure 1 Structure of graphene

Aluminum powder was used as the matrix, it has the chemical composition of 0.2% Si,
0.15% Fe, 0.1% Cu, 0.1% Mg, 0.5% Mn and remainder is Al [4]. The alternatives plays
dignified role in multidisciplinary sections of engineering. The performance of the composites
can further be improved by adding fillers to them [5]. Support to this this one more work
highlights the usage of Silicon carbide which has been added because it is well known for its

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 Lokesh KS, Chethan IC, Naveen Kumar KR, Vinayaka Kannantha and Naveen Kumar JR

hardness and its abrasive nature and graphite is a solid lubricant, result of its addition can
change the surface roughness [6]. In order to make possible the potential replacement for
structural materials in aerospace structures like conductive and lighter parts we are more
prevelaiged to synthesize graphene powder reinforced with aluminium matrix to fulfil the
above objective by experimenting the synthesized samples to check the hardness of the lighter
materials.

2. MATERIALS &METHODOLOGY
Following are the different kinds of devices which are successfully utilized to prepare
graphene reinforced metal matrix composites. Description of each device is explained bellow.

Chemicals used;

Exo-chloro ethane:
It is in tablet form. The exachloroethene is shown in fig.2 is used to degas the material

Figure 2 Exo-chloroethane

Coverall:
It is in powder form which is used to remove the impurities and slag and also to increase
oxidation resistance. Coverall is significantly used to increase the wettability

Magnesium chips:
It is in crystal form which is normally used to increase the wettability. If magnesium content
increases more than 0.5% porosity will form, magnesium chips is as shown in fig.3

Figure 3 Magnesium chips

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Determination of Compressive Strength of Graphene Reinforced with Aluminium-7075 Metal Matrix
Composites

Components used:

Die:
The die used which is shown in fig.4 for the stir casting process is hallow cylinder. Where the
diameter of the die is 25mm and the length is 150mm

Figure 4 Die

Crucible:
The thickness of the crucible (shown in fig.5) used in the stir casting process is 15mm

Figure 5 Crucible

Furnace:
The material used for the furnace (as shown in fig.6) is silicon carbide

Figure 6 Furnace

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 Lokesh KS, Chethan IC, Naveen Kumar KR, Vinayaka Kannantha and Naveen Kumar JR

Pre-heater:
The pre-heater (fig.7), the pre-heating temperature of the mould is 400-500 deg Celsius. The
material used for the mould is OHNS

Figure 7 Pre-heater

Specimen preparation:
Aluminium reinforced MMC is prepared by stir cast process. In this study, Al-7075 is used as
metal matrix composite with different % of graphene. The quantity of Al 7075 is 5291 grams
and graphene particles required to produce composites are 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 % and 2% by
weight the composition of aluminium and graphene with specimen numbering is neatly
recorded in the table.1 & sample preparation is as shown in fig.8. The process for fabrication
of MMC remains same even though composition of MMC changes. First the metal matrix
composite and graphene are weighed based on our requirement. Graphene is preheated up to
2000 C for every sample. Then 1000 grams of aluminium 7075 is weighed for every sample
and kept in the crucible until it melts. Later the chemicals like exachloro ethane, Cover all,
Magnesium chips are added to the composition because to degas the material and increase
wettability. After adding all chemicals, graphene is added to the aluminium and stirring the
composition which allows the proper distribution of particles. After the mixture of aluminum
and graphene is poured to die which is in liquid state and waited for 1hr to cool and then
sample is removed from the die and specimen is obtained. Elongation at different intervals are
recorded and tabulated.

Figure 8 Specimen preparation

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Determination of Compressive Strength of Graphene Reinforced with Aluminium-7075 Metal Matrix
Composites

Table 1 Composition of aluminum and graphene

Graphene (%) Graphene Aluminium
Specimen no
By weight (grams) (grams)
01 0 0 1023
02 0.5 5.5 1074
03 1 10.6 1059
04 1.5 15.6 1041
05 2 22 1094

3. EXPERIMENTATION & RESULTS

Compression test

Figure 9 Digital UTM

Compression test is conducted with the help of digital UTM which is as shown in fig.9 to
assess the material behavior against compressive loading so that maximum load taken by the
sample with significant increase in area in terms of percentage increase in area and
considerable reduction in length is strictly noticed before concluding the sample filled with
what proportion of graphene yields better sustainability against external loading. Test is
conducted according to ASTM standard and specimen is held tightly by jaw gripping at both
the ends. When load is applied it is convenient to consider the strain on the sample in
response to applied load. Different graphs are obtained for different samples indicating load
against displacement which are discussed bellow.

Graph 1 specimen 1 (load against displacement) Graph 2 specimen.2 (load against displacement)

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 Lokesh KS, Chethan IC, Naveen Kumar KR, Vinayaka Kannantha and Naveen Kumar JR

Graph 3 specimen.3 (load against displacement) Graph 4 specimen.4 (load against displacement)

Graph 4 specimen.4 (load against displacement)

Above graphs 1,2,3,4 & 5 depicts the experimental results of compression test for samples
filled with 0%, 0.5%,1%,1.5%,2% graphene respectively. For the sample 1 which is pure
aluminum results cleared that the breaking point of the specimen is at 206KN and the
maximum displacement is 7.500mm.The cross section area of the specimen after the
specimen compressed is 22.500mm2. For the sample filled with 0.5% graphene shows the
breaking point of the at 222KN and the maximum displacement is 8.200mm.The cross section
area of the specimen after the specimen compressed is 22500mm2.

Table 2 Compressive Test Results

Initial Initial Final Final %
Specimen no
Dia(mm) length(mm) Dia(mm) length(mm) elongation
01 20 30 26 26 -4
02 20 30 23 24 -6
03 20 30 25 27 -3
04 20 30 24 26 -4
05 20 30 22 28 -2

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Determination of Compressive Strength of Graphene Reinforced with Aluminium-7075 Metal Matrix
Composites

Figure 10 Break load against % graphene

Fig.10 depicts that the maximum break load taken by different samples loaded with
different percentage by weight of graphene. It is clearly observed from the graph that the
breaking point of the specimen filled with 1% of graphene is at 199KN and the maximum
displacement is 10.100mm.The cross section area of the specimen after the specimen
compressed is 22500mm2. The sample loaded with 1.5% breaking point of the specimen is at
203KN and the maximum displacement is 6.900mm.The cross section area of the specimen
after the specimen compressed is 22500mm2. Table.2 shows the results for different samples
filled with different percentage of graphene material. The specimen numbers are designated
with respect to the percentage of reinforcement that each sample is loaded with and
corresponding changes in the intial and final dimensions in cross sectional are also recorded
noticed with percentage of elongation.

4. CONCLUSION
Synthesis of graphene reinforced with aluminum metal matrix composites has been
successfully completed by adopting stir casting technique by keeping volume fraction of
0.5%,1%,1.5%,2% loading of graphene by weight of the matrix considered. Compression
testing was done for all the prepared samples using digital UTM. For the applied load
corresponding strain and displacement was recorded and different plots for different samples
have been documented. It is concluded that sample filled with 0.5% of graphene shows
excellent resistance to compressive loading proves the saturation of graphene nano particles
dispersed uniformly and maintain better bonding characteristics with aluminum matrix which
enhance very good malleable properties for this particular proportion of metal matrix
composites. Upon loading of specimen with 0.5% of graphene records compression strain of
0.60025 with maximum break load of 222KN which are concluded to be better compare to the
rest of the samples.

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