International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

Smart Controlled Electric Wheel Chair

1
M.Sam Moses Sastry, 2 D.Naveen, 3B. Pavan Teja
4
P.T.V.S.Ganesh,5K.Vishal Reddy

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, East Godavari (Dt),AP

1
[email protected],[email protected] ,[email protected],
4
[email protected] ,[email protected]

Abstract

There are many patients such that they may get completely paralyzed on one side
such that their hand doesn’t work and even the other hand doesn’t have much grip to
move a joystick to control their movement of chair although they can slightly move their
hand and many other patients or people who are physically handicapped do have similar
problem in order to overcome this , In this paper we are introducing A prototype of smart
controlled wheel chair where we can control the wheel chair with slight movement of any
part of the body without any physical touch to the controller which is very cost efficient.
Smart controlled wheel chair is a small basic idea of implementing control of chair
without any physical contact to any steering, joystick or any other physical operation.
Driving and controlling of the motion of the chair is completely by using gestures.

Keywords- Smart Controlled, Esp32, Paralyzed, Differently able, aid:

1. INTRODUCTION

Consequently, a conventional powered wheelchair manipulated via a joystick does not

fulfill the requirements of disabled people. First, it has shown that 10% of the patients
cannot use the electric wheelchair in daily life activities.

Second, 40% of regular powered wheelchair users have difficulties with steering tasks
such as passing through open doors, and nearly 9% of them find it impossible without
assistance. Then, 18% to 26% of non-ambulatory patients who cannot use a manual
wheelchair cannot use a powered wheelchair [1]. As more than 1 billion people in the
world have some form of mental as well as physical disabilities out of them above 10% of
whole population [2].Indeed, many works based on wheelchairs have been proposed to
improve its usability. The human interface for easy operation of the intelligent wheelchair
is the most popular research issue.
The first step is the acquisition of the hand movement by an IR sensor. The patient is
asked to put his/ her hand on the IR sensor. The second step is to receive a signal in real
time and detect the hand motion of the patient sitting on the wheelchair. Then, the
proposed smart interface allows the user to easily control their wheelchairs directly by
changing the position of the hand[3]. Since some patients cannot move their hand in the
right direction, we inject the suitable outputs into the electrical wheelchair.

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International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

We place two IR proximity sensors at the hand of the person who is physically disabled
and when left IR sensor senses an obstruct generally it’s the of the person hand, it sends
the signal to the controlling unit it process the signal according to the program and gives
input to the motor drive the motor drive turns on the right motor so that the wheel chair
turns left. When both the sensors defects i.e. hand is placed on both the sensors then the
wheel chair is moved forward. In this paper we used an Esp32 board use can simply use
an Arduino, we are using Esp32 as we already have it, and a program is uploaded in the
microcontroller. And by the input of two IR proximity sensors the motor drive operates
the motor. This is very cost efficient solution for controlling the wheel chair without
physical operation mode and with no assistance of other person.

2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
A. HARDWARE USED

Fig.1. ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with

integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth.

Fig.2. IR Proximity Sensor are used to detect objects and obstacles in front of the sensor.

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Fig.3. L293D Motor Drive is a motor driver IC which allows DC motor on either side

Fig.4. DC motor Image

Fig.5. OPERATION OF MOTOR DRIVE WITH INPUTS OF IR SENSORS

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Fig.6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

Fig.7. ACTUAL SETUP OF THE HARDWARE

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International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

B. SOFTWARE USED

//Assuming the variable1 as p1

int p1 = 8;
/Assuming the variable2 as p2
int p2 = 2;
void setup()
{
//Assigning the inputs and outputs for the corresponding pins
pinMode(8, INPUT);
pinMode(2, INPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
//Assigning the digital input p1 to 8 and digital input p2 to 2
p1 = digitalRead(8);
p2 = digitalRead(2);
if (p1 == LOW) {
if (p2 == LOW) {
//If both p1 and p2 are LOW then the 2 motors are in OFF
wheelchair is in stationary condition.
digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
digitalWrite(12, LOW);
} else {
/If the inputs p1 is HIGH and p2 is LOW then the left side
motor is in ON condition and the right side motor is in OFF
condition then the wheel chair turns right side
digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
digitalWrite(12, LOW);
}
} else {
If p1 is LOW and p2 is HIGH then the left motor is OFF and
the right motor is ON then the wheel chair turns left side
if (p2 == LOW) {
digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, LOW);
} else {
/If both the inputs p1 and p2 are HIGH then the two motors
are in ON condition and the wheelchair is in forward motion
condition
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digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, LOW);
International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455

if (p2 == LOW) {
digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, LOW);
} else {

//If both the inputs p1 and p2 are HIGH then the two motors are
in ON condition and the wheelchair is in forward motion
condition
digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, LOW);
} Fig.8. C/C++ IDLE
}
delay(10); // Delay a little bit to improve simulation
performanceFig.9. Arduno IDE for Windows
}

Fig.8. Program into the controller

Fig.9. ARDUINO IDE for Windows

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3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig.10. Block Diagram

4. CONCLUSION

In this Paper we used the micro-controller and the IR proximity sensors for the smart
working and the convenient movement of the wheelchair.

We worked for the working of this smart controlled electric wheelchair; we have created a
special code for the micro controller used in this project. We can assuredly say that this is
tested and the project is working perfectly as we expected.

Our whole effort is for the people who were physically disabled and the people who are
suffering from the paralysis, this great effort of ours make their movement more
independent and more convenient, this will also reduce their physical stress for the
movement.

We can assuredly say that this is tested and the project is working perfectly as we
expected. This project has given us the finest results that we want it to be.

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REFERENCES

Richard C. Simpson, “Smart wheelchairs: A literature review” , volume 42, Number 4,

[1]

Journal Of Rehabilitation Research & Development.

[2]
Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, “Preventing Pressure Ulcers;

Yassine Rabhi, “Intelligent Control Wheel Chair Using a New Visual Joystick”,
[3]

Volume 2018, Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Article ID 6083565.

[4]
Official Arduino Code Website: https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/
[5]
Official Website for ESP 32
https://www.espressif.com/en/products/hardware/esp32/overview
[6]
Rui Santos & Sara Santos, “ESP32 Web server with Arduino IDE” project e-book.

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