Name______________________________________________________period____________AP chemistry Unit 1

Read: chapters 1, 2.1-2.4, 3.3-3.5

1. What is the difference between atomic mass and average atomic mass?

2. What is the same for an atom of phosphorus-26 and an atom of phosphorus-27

a. Atomic number and mass number c. number of protons and electrons
b. Number of neutrons and electrons d. number of protons and neutrons
3. The atomic weight of magnesium is reported as 24.3 amu, yet no atom of magnesium has a mass of 24.3 amu. Explain.

4. The element copper has naturally occurring isotopes with mass numbers of 63 and 65. The relative abundance of the
isotopes are 69.2% for mass = 62.93 amu, and 30.8% for mass = 64.93 amu. Calculate the average atomic mass of copper.

5. An element consists of 1.40% of an isotope with mass 203.973, 24.10% of an isotope with mass 205.975 amu, 22.10% of an
isotope with mass 206.976 amu and 52.40% of an isotope with mass 207.977 amu. Calculate the average atomic mass and
identify the element.

6. Deduce the relative atomic mass of the element gallium from the given data
80
60
40
20
0
69 70 71

7. Refer to the diagram of the mass spectrum of rubidium to answer 7

this question.
6
a. Describe the two isotopes of rubidium using isotopic symbols.
5
b. What information can you get from the heights of the peaks 4
on the mass spectrum? 3
2
c. Calculate the relative atomic mass of Rubidium
1
d. The mass spectrum of neon consists of three lines 0
corresponding to mass/charge ratios of 20, 21 and 22 with 85 87
relative intensities of 0.910; 0.0026; 0.088 respectively.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of neon.

8. The percentage abundance of the stable isotopes of chromium are:

50 52 53 54
24Cr – 4.31%; 24Cr – 83.76%; 24Cr – 9.55%; 24Cr – 2.38%.
(a) Sketch the mass spectrum that would be obtained from naturally occurring chromium.

(b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of chromium, correct to three significant figures.

(c) Label each peak on the mass spectrum using isotopic symbols.

9. Determine the formula weights for each of the following

a. Cu b. N2O5 c. Ca(C2H3O2)2
10. Determine the molar mass for each of the following
a. MgO b. Al2O3 c. Al(NO3)3

11. Define the term mole. What is the relationship between the formula weight of a substance and its molar mass?
12. Find the number of particles in the following
a. 5.1 mol of K b. 10.80 g of Ca c. 4.0 x 103 mg Mg

13. Find the number of moles in the following

a. 54.3 g of Ag b. 4.40 x 1023 atoms of C c. 1.3 kg of Na

14. Find the number of grams in the following

a. 13.20 mol Fe b. 5.50 x 1023 atoms of Al c. 0.050 mol Cu

15. Find the number of grams in the following

a. 8.90 mol H2O b. 0.0089 mol of N2O5

16. Find the number of moles in the following

a. 15.0 g of Ca(NO3)2 b. 345.0 mg KCl

17. If you have 50.0 g of Copper and 300. g of Nickel, how many total atoms do you have?

18. If you have 300. mg of Cobalt and 4.756 x 1021 atoms of Zinc, how many moles of atoms do you have?

19. It was found that 7.0 x 1024 atoms of an unknown element had a mass of 46.5 g. Identify the element and explain how you
know.

20. What is the molar mass of cholesterol if 0.00105 mol weighs 0.406 g?

21. The molecular formula of aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed as NutraSweet, is C14H18N2O5
a. What is the molar mass of aspartame?

b. How many moles of aspartame are present in 3769.4 grams of aspartame?

c. How many molecules of aspartame are present in 345.9 g of aspartame?

d. How many oxygen atoms are present in 23.6 g of aspartame?

22. What is the molar mass of diazepam (valium) if 0.05570 mol has a mass of 15.86 g?

23. What is the molecular formula of each of the following compounds?

a. Empirical formula, CH2, molar mass = 84 g/mol

b. Empirical formula, NH2Cl, molar mass = 51.5 g/mol

24. Determine the empirical and molecular formula

a. Ibuprofen contains 75.69% C, 8.80% H, and 15.51% O; molar mass about 206 g

b. Adrenaline contains 59.0% C, 7.1% H, 26.2% O, and 7.7% N; MW about 180 amu

25. Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in the following compounds

a. NO2 b. Cr(NO3)3

26. Determine the empirical formula for each

a. 0.104 mol K, 0.052 mol C, and 0.156 mol O

b. 87.5 % N, 12.5% H
27. A binary compound containing only copper and iodine is found to be 20% copper by mass. What is the empirical formula?
b. CuI b. CuI2 c. CuI3 d. CuI4

28. 0.658 g of a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is burned in excess O2. CO2 (1.285 g) and H2O
(0.658g) are produced. The molar mass of the compound is determined by mass spectrometry to be 90 g/mole. Determine
the empirical and molecular formulas

29. A 1.50 g sample of hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion to produce 4.40 g of CO2 and 2.70 g of H2O. What is the
empirical formula of this compound? In addition, its molecular weight has been determined to be about 78 amu. What is
the molecular formula?

30. If an oxygen stream is not sufficient during a combustion analysis, the sample will undergo incomplete combustion,
meaning not all of the carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO 2 and other compounds, such as acetaldehyde and carbon
monoxide, are produced. Assuming these substances are not absorbed during combustion analysis, describe the errors that
would occur in determining the empirical formula if insufficient oxygen is used.

31. A student is assigned the task of determining the mass percent of silver in an alloy of copper and silver by dissolving a
sample of the alloy in excess nitric acid and then precipitating the silver as AgCl. The the student pours 25 mL of the HNO 3
into a beaker and adds a 0.6489 g sample of the alloy. After the sample completely reacts with the acid, some saturated
NaCl(aq) is added to the beaker, resulting in the formation of an AgCl precipitate. Additional NaCl(aq) is added until no
more precipitate is observed to form. The precipitate is filtered, dried, and weighed to constant mass in a filter crucible.
The data are shown in the table below.

Mass of sample of copper - silver alloy 0.6489 g

Mass of dry filter crucible 28.7210 g
Mass of filter crucible and precipitate (1st weighing) 29.3587 g
Mass of filter crucible and precipitate (2nd weighing) 29.2599 g
Mass of filter crucible and precipitate (3rd weighing) 29.2598 g

a.) Calculate the number of moles of AgCl precipitate collected.

b.) Calculate the mass percent of silver in the alloy of copper and silver.

32. According to the information in the table below, a 1.00 g sample of which of the following contains the greatest mass of
oxygen?
Compound Molar mass (grams)
Na2O 62.0
MgO 40.3
K2O 94.2
CaO 56.1

a. Na2O b. MgO c. K2O d. CaO

33. A 3.00 g sample of an alloy (containing only Pb and Sn) was dissolved in nitric acid (HNO 3). Sulfuric acid was added to this
solution, which precipitated 1.69 g of PbSO4. Assuming that all of the lead was precipitated, what is the percentage of Sn in
the sample?

34. An empty crucible has a mass of 12.770 grams. The crucible and hydrate have a mass of 13.454 grams. After heating, the
crucible and anhydrous salt have a mass of 13.010 grams. What is the formula of this hydrate of MgSO4 . ?H2O?
Review:
35. After doing a calculation the display shows the number 3760.289 on the calculator. If the answer is supposed to have three
significant figures, the correct way to display the answer would be:
a. 3.76 x 102 b. 3760. c. 376 d. 376 x 101 e. 3.76 x 103

36. A solid sample of a metal is submerged in a large graduated cylinder. The water level in the graduate was 55.25 mL and the
final level was 61.00 mL. If the mass of the object was determined to be 23.795 g, what is the density of the metal?
a. 4 g/mL b. 4.14 g/cm3 c. 4.13 g/cm3 d. 4.1 g/cm3 e. 4.138 g/mL

37. Using the rules for significant figures, calculate the following: (8.790 - 13)/3.90
a. -1.1 b. -1 c. -1.03 d. -1.08 e.1.079

38. Indicate whether the following are measurements of length, area, volume, mass, density, time or temperature
a. 5 ns b. 3.2 kg/L c. 88 pm d. 540 km2 e. 173 K f. 2 mm3

39. The density of platinum is 23.4 g/cm3. Calculate the mass of 75.0 cm3?

40. The density of magnesium is 1.74 g ml-1. What is the volume of 275 g of this material?

41. Calculate and answer with the correct number of significant figures
a. 320.55 – 230.1
b. 5.010 x 2.0
c. 320.50-(6104.5/2.3)
d. 0.040 x 1.55

42. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the following atoms
a. 40 Ar b. 55Mn c. 65Zn d. phosphorus-32 e. 235 U

43. Fill in the gaps

39
Symbol K

Protons 25 82

Neutrons 30 64

Electrons 48 56

Mass number 137 207

44. Label each as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid

a. He b. silver c. phosphorus d. arsenic e. calcium f. Al e. hydrogen

45. What are basic properties of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals?

46. Determine the name of the group each belong to

a. Potassium b. chlorine c. neon d. magnesium e. gold

47. Which of the following nuclei has 3 more neutrons than protons?
a. 11B b. 37Cl c. 24Mg d. 70Ga