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The ingenious
gentleman Don
Quixote of La Mancha

Miguel de Cervantes
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 SOME COMMENDATORY VERSES

URGANDA THE UNKNOWN

To the book of Don Quixote of la Mancha
If to be welcomed by the good,
O Book! thou make thy steady aim,
No empty chatterer will dare
To question or dispute thy claim.
But if perchance thou hast a mind
To win of idiots approbation,
Lost labour will be thy reward,
Though they'll pretend appreciation.
They say a goodly shade he finds
Who shelters 'neath a goodly tree;
And such a one thy kindly star
In Bejar bath provided thee:
A royal tree whose spreading boughs
A show of princely fruit display;
A tree that bears a noble Duke,
The Alexander of his day.
Of a Manchegan gentleman
Thy purpose is to tell the story,
Relating how he lost his wits
O'er idle tales of love and glory,
Of "ladies, arms, and cavaliers:"
A new Orlando Furioso-
Innamorato, rather—who
Won Dulcinea del Toboso.
Put no vain emblems on thy shield;
All figures—that is bragging play.
A modest dedication make,
And give no scoffer room to say,
"What! Alvaro de Luna here?
Or is it Hannibal again?
Or does King Francis at Madrid
Once more of destiny complain?"
Since Heaven it hath not pleased on thee
Deep erudition to bestow,
Or black Latino's gift of tongues,
No Latin let thy pages show.
Ape not philosophy or wit,
Lest one who cannot comprehend,
Make a wry face at thee and ask,
"Why offer flowers to me, my friend?"
Be not a meddler; no affair
Of thine the life thy neighbours lead:
Be prudent; oft the random jest
Recoils upon the jester's head.
Thy constant labour let it be
To earn thyself an honest name,
For fooleries preserved in print
Are perpetuity of shame.
A further counsel bear in mind:
If that thy roof be made of glass,
It shows small wit to pick up stones
To pelt the people as they pass.
Win the attention of the wise,
And give the thinker food for thought;
Whoso indites frivolities,
Will but by simpletons be sought.
 AMADIS OF GAUL
To Don Quixote of la Mancha

SONNET
Thou that didst imitate that life of mine
When I in lonely sadness on the great
Rock Pena Pobre sat disconsolate,
In self-imposed penance there to pine;
Thou, whose sole beverage was the bitter brine
Of thine own tears, and who withouten plate
Of silver, copper, tin, in lowly state
Off the bare earth and on earth's fruits didst
dine;
Live thou, of thine eternal glory sure.
So long as on the round of the fourth sphere
The bright Apollo shall his coursers steer,
In thy renown thou shalt remain secure,
Thy country's name in story shall endure,
And thy sage author stand without a peer.
 DON BELIANIS OF GREECE
To Don Quixote of la Mancha

SONNET
In slashing, hewing, cleaving, word and de-
ed,
I was the foremost knight of chivalry,
Stout, bold, expert, as e'er the world did see;
Thousands from the oppressor's wrong I freed;
Great were my feats, eternal fame their meed;
In love I proved my truth and loyalty;
The hugest giant was a dwarf for me;
Ever to knighthood's laws gave I good heed.
My mastery the Fickle Goddess owned,
And even Chance, submitting to control,
Grasped by the forelock, yielded to my will.
Yet—though above yon horned moon enthro-
ned
My fortune seems to sit—great Quixote, still
Envy of thy achievements fills my soul.
 THE LADY OF ORIANA
To Dulcinea del Toboso

SONNET
Oh, fairest Dulcinea, could it be!
It were a pleasant fancy to suppose so—
Could Miraflores change to El Toboso,
And London's town to that which shelters
thee!
Oh, could mine but acquire that livery
Of countless charms thy mind and body show
so!
Or him, now famous grown—thou mad'st
him grow so—
Thy knight, in some dread combat could I see!
Oh, could I be released from Amadis
By exercise of such coy chastity
As led thee gentle Quixote to dismiss!
Then would my heavy sorrow turn to joy;
None would I envy, all would envy me,
And happiness be mine without alloy.
 GANDALIN, SQUIRE OF AMADIS OF
GAUL,
To Sancho Panza, squire of Don Quixote

SONNET
All hail, illustrious man! Fortune, when she
Bound thee apprentice to the esquire trade,
Her care and tenderness of thee displayed,
Shaping thy course from misadventure free.
No longer now doth proud knight-errantry
Regard with scorn the sickle and the spade;
Of towering arrogance less count is made
Than of plain esquire-like simplicity.
I envy thee thy Dapple, and thy name,
And those alforjas thou wast wont to stuff
With comforts that thy providence proclaim.
Excellent Sancho! hail to thee again!
To thee alone the Ovid of our Spain
Does homage with the rustic kiss and cuff.
 FROM EL DONOSO, THE MOTLEY PO-
ET,

On Sancho Panza and Rocinante

ON SANCHO
I am the esquire Sancho Pan—
Who served Don Quixote of La Man—;
But from his service I retreat-,
Resolved to pass my life discreet-;
For Villadiego, called the Si—,
Maintained that only in reti—
Was found the secret of well-be—,
According to the "Celesti—:"
A book divine, except for sin—
By speech too plain, in my opin—

ON ROCINANTE
I am that Rocinante fa—,
Great-grandson of great Babie—,
Who, all for being lean and bon—,
Had one Don Quixote for an own—;
But if I matched him well in weak—,
I never took short commons meek—,
But kept myself in corn by steal—,
A trick I learned from Lazaril—,
When with a piece of straw so neat—
The blind man of his wine he cheat—.
ORLANDO FURIOSO
To Don Quixote of La Mancha

SONNET
If thou art not a Peer, peer thou hast none;
Among a thousand Peers thou art a peer;
Nor is there room for one when thou art near,
Unvanquished victor, great unconquered one!
Orlando, by Angelica undone,
Am I; o'er distant seas condemned to steer,
And to Fame's altars as an offering bear
Valour respected by Oblivion.
I cannot be thy rival, for thy fame
And prowess rise above all rivalry,
Albeit both bereft of wits we go.
But, though the Scythian or the Moor to tame
Was not thy lot, still thou dost rival me:
Love binds us in a fellowship of woe.

THE KNIGHT OF PHOEBUS

To Don Quixote of La Mancha

My sword was not to be compared with
thine
Phoebus of Spain, marvel of courtesy,
Nor with thy famous arm this hand of mine
That smote from east to west as lightnings fly.
I scorned all empire, and that monarchy
The rosy east held out did I resign
For one glance of Claridiana's eye,
The bright Aurora for whose love I pine.
A miracle of constancy my love;
And banished by her ruthless cruelty,
This arm had might the rage of Hell to tame.
 But, Gothic Quixote, happier thou dost prove,
For thou dost live in Dulcinea's name,
And famous, honoured, wise, she lives in
thee.

FROM SOLISDAN
To Don Quixote of La Mancha

SONNET
Your fantasies, Sir Quixote, it is true,
That crazy brain of yours have quite upset,
But aught of base or mean hath never yet
Been charged by any in reproach to you.
Your deeds are open proof in all men's view;
For you went forth injustice to abate,
And for your pains sore drubbings did you
get
From many a rascally and ruffian crew.
If the fair Dulcinea, your heart's queen,
 Be unrelenting in her cruelty,
If still your woe be powerless to move her,
In such hard case your comfort let it be
That Sancho was a sorry go-between:
A booby he, hard-hearted she, and you no
lover.
DIALOGUE
Between Babieca and Rocinante

SONNET
B. "How comes it, Rocinante, you're so le-
an?"
R. "I'm underfed, with overwork I'm worn."
B. "But what becomes of all the hay and corn?"
R. "My master gives me none; he's much too
mean."
B. "Come, come, you show ill-breeding, sir, I
ween;
'T is like an ass your master thus to scorn."
R. He is an ass, will die an ass, an ass was born;
Why, he's in love; what's what's plainer to be
seen?"
B. "To be in love is folly?"—R. "No great sense."
B. "You're metaphysical."—R. "From want of
food."
B. "Rail at the squire, then."—R. "Why, what's
the good?
I might indeed complain of him, I grant ye,
But, squire or master, where's the difference?
They're both as sorry hacks as Rocinante."

THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE

Idle reader: thou mayest believe me without

any oath that I would this book, as it is the
child of my brain, were the fairest, gayest, and
cleverest that could be imagined. But I could
not counteract Nature's law that everything
shall beget its like; and what, then, could this
sterile, illtilled wit of mine beget but the story
of a dry, shrivelled, whimsical offspring, full of
thoughts of all sorts and such as never came
into any other imagination—just what might be
begotten in a prison, where every misery is
lodged and every doleful sound makes its dwe-
lling? Tranquillity, a cheerful retreat, pleasant
fields, bright skies, murmuring brooks, peace of
mind, these are the things that go far to make
even the most barren muses fertile, and bring
into the world births that fill it with wonder
and delight. Sometimes when a father has an
ugly, loutish son, the love he bears him so
blindfolds his eyes that he does not see his de-
fects, or, rather, takes them for gifts and charms
of mind and body, and talks of them to his
friends as wit and grace. I, however—for
though I pass for the father, I am but the step-
father to "Don Quixote"—have no desire to go
with the current of custom, or to implore thee,
dearest reader, almost with tears in my eyes, as
others do, to pardon or excuse the defects thou
wilt perceive in this child of mine. Thou art
neither its kinsman nor its friend, thy soul is
thine own and thy will as free as any man's,
whate'er he be, thou art in thine own house and
master of it as much as the king of his taxes and
thou knowest the common saying, "Under my
cloak I kill the king;" all which exempts and
frees thee from every consideration and obliga-
tion, and thou canst say what thou wilt of the
story without fear of being abused for any ill or
rewarded for any good thou mayest say of it.
My wish would be simply to present it to
thee plain and unadorned, without any embe-
llishment of preface or uncountable muster of
customary sonnets, epigrams, and eulogies,
such as are commonly put at the beginning of
books. For I can tell thee, though composing it
cost me some labour, I found none greater than
the making of this Preface thou art now rea-
ding. Many times did I take up my pen to write
it, and many did I lay it down again, not kno-
wing what to write. One of these times, as I was
pondering with the paper before me, a pen in
my ear, my elbow on the desk, and my cheek in
my hand, thinking of what I should say, there
came in unexpectedly a certain lively, clever
friend of mine, who, seeing me so deep in
thought, asked the reason; to which I, making
no mystery of it, answered that I was thinking
of the Preface I had to make for the story of
"Don Quixote," which so troubled me that I had
a mind not to make any at all, nor even publish
the achievements of so noble a knight.
"For, how could you expect me not to feel
uneasy about what that ancient lawgiver they
call the Public will say when it sees me, after
slumbering so many years in the silence of
oblivion, coming out now with all my years
upon my back, and with a book as dry as a
rush, devoid of invention, meagre in style, poor
in thoughts, wholly wanting in learning and
wisdom, without quotations in the margin or
annotations at the end, after the fashion of ot-
her books I see, which, though all fables and
profanity, are so full of maxims from Aristotle,
and Plato, and the whole herd of philosophers,
that they fill the readers with amazement and
convince them that the authors are men of lear-
ning, erudition, and eloquence. And then,
when they quote the Holy Scriptures!—anyone
would say they are St. Thomases or other doc-
tors of the Church, observing as they do a deco-
rum so ingenious that in one sentence they des-
cribe a distracted lover and in the next deliver a
devout little sermon that it is a pleasure and a
treat to hear and read. Of all this there will be
nothing in my book, for I have nothing to quote
in the margin or to note at the end, and still less
do I know what authors I follow in it, to place
them at the beginning, as all do, under the let-
ters A, B, C, beginning with Aristotle and en-
ding with Xenophon, or Zoilus, or Zeuxis,
though one was a slanderer and the other a
painter. Also my book must do without sonnets
at the beginning, at least sonnets whose authors
are dukes, marquises, counts, bishops, ladies,
or famous poets. Though if I were to ask two or
three obliging friends, I know they would give
me them, and such as the productions of those
that have the highest reputation in our Spain
could not equal.
"In short, my friend," I continued, "I am de-
termined that Senor Don Quixote shall remain
buried in the archives of his own La Mancha
until Heaven provide some one to garnish him
with all those things he stands in need of; be-
cause I find myself, through my shallowness
and want of learning, unequal to supplying
them, and because I am by nature shy and care-
less about hunting for authors to say what I
myself can say without them. Hence the cogita-
tion and abstraction you found me in, and rea-
son enough, what you have heard from me."
Hearing this, my friend, giving himself a
slap on the forehead and breaking into a hearty
laugh, exclaimed, "Before God, Brother, now
am I disabused of an error in which I have been
living all this long time I have known you, all
through which I have taken you to be shrewd
and sensible in all you do; but now I see you
are as far from that as the heaven is from the
earth. It is possible that things of so little mo-
ment and so easy to set right can occupy and
perplex a ripe wit like yours, fit to break
through and crush far greater obstacles? By my
faith, this comes, not of any want of ability, but
of too much indolence and too little knowledge
of life. Do you want to know if I am telling the
truth? Well, then, attend to me, and you will
see how, in the opening and shutting of an eye,
I sweep away all your difficulties, and supply
all those deficiencies which you say check and
discourage you from bringing before the world
the story of your famous Don Quixote, the light
and mirror of all knight-errantry."
"Say on," said I, listening to his talk; "how do
you propose to make up for my diffidence, and
reduce to order this chaos of perplexity I am
in?"
To which he made answer, "Your first diffi-
culty about the sonnets, epigrams, or compli-
mentary verses which you want for the begin-
ning, and which ought to be by persons of im-
portance and rank, can be removed if you
yourself take a little trouble to make them; you
can afterwards baptise them, and put any name
you like to them, fathering them on Prester
John of the Indies or the Emperor of Trebizond,
who, to my knowledge, were said to have been
famous poets: and even if they were not, and
any pedants or bachelors should attack you and
question the fact, never care two maravedis for
that, for even if they prove a lie against you
they cannot cut off the hand you wrote it with.
"As to references in the margin to the books
and authors from whom you take the ap-
horisms and sayings you put into your story, it
is only contriving to fit in nicely any sentences
or scraps of Latin you may happen to have by
heart, or at any rate that will not give you much
trouble to look up; so as, when you speak of
freedom and captivity, to insert
Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro;
 and then refer in the margin to Horace, or
whoever said it; or, if you allude to the power
of death, to come in with—
Pallida mors Aequo pulsat pede pauperum taber-
nas, Regumque turres.
"If it be friendship and the love God bids us
bear to our enemy, go at once to the Holy Scrip-
tures, which you can do with a very small
amount of research, and quote no less than the
words of God himself: Ego autem dico vobis:
diligite inimicos vestros. If you speak of evil
thoughts, turn to the Gospel: De corde exeunt
cogitationes malae. If of the fickleness of
friends, there is Cato, who will give you his
distich:
Donec eris felix multos numerabis amicos, Tem-
pora si fuerint nubila, solus eris.
"With these and such like bits of Latin they
will take you for a grammarian at all events,
and that now-a-days is no small honour and
profit.
 "With regard to adding annotations at the
end of the book, you may safely do it in this
way. If you mention any giant in your book
contrive that it shall be the giant Goliath, and
with this alone, which will cost you almost
nothing, you have a grand note, for you can
put—The giant Golias or Goliath was a Philis-
tine whom the shepherd David slew by a migh-
ty stone-cast in the Terebinth valley, as is rela-
ted in the Book of Kings—in the chapter where
you find it written.
"Next, to prove yourself a man of erudition
in polite literature and cosmography, manage
that the river Tagus shall be named in your
story, and there you are at once with another
famous annotation, setting forth—The river
Tagus was so called after a King of Spain: it has
its source in such and such a place and falls
into the ocean, kissing the walls of the famous
city of Lisbon, and it is a common belief that it
has golden sands, etc. If you should have anyt-
hing to do with robbers, I will give you the sto-
ry of Cacus, for I have it by heart; if with loose
women, there is the Bishop of Mondonedo,
who will give you the loan of Lamia, Laida,
and Flora, any reference to whom will bring
you great credit; if with hard-hearted ones,
Ovid will furnish you with Medea; if with wit-
ches or enchantresses, Homer has Calypso, and
Virgil Circe; if with valiant captains, Julius Cae-
sar himself will lend you himself in his own
'Commentaries,' and Plutarch will give you a
thousand Alexanders. If you should deal with
love, with two ounces you may know of Tuscan
you can go to Leon the Hebrew, who will sup-
ply you to your heart's content; or if you should
not care to go to foreign countries you have at
home Fonseca's 'Of the Love of God,' in which
is condensed all that you or the most imagina-
tive mind can want on the subject. In short, all
you have to do is to manage to quote these na-
mes, or refer to these stories I have mentioned,
and leave it to me to insert the annotations and
quotations, and I swear by all that's good to fill
your margins and use up four sheets at the end
of the book.
"Now let us come to those references to aut-
hors which other books have, and you want for
yours. The remedy for this is very simple: You
have only to look out for some book that quotes
them all, from A to Z as you say yourself, and
then insert the very same alphabet in your bo-
ok, and though the imposition may be plain to
see, because you have so little need to borrow
from them, that is no matter; there will proba-
bly be some simple enough to believe that you
have made use of them all in this plain, artless
story of yours. At any rate, if it answers no ot-
her purpose, this long catalogue of authors will
serve to give a surprising look of authority to
your book. Besides, no one will trouble himself
to verify whether you have followed them or
whether you have not, being no way concerned
in it; especially as, if I mistake not, this book of
yours has no need of any one of those things
you say it wants, for it is, from beginning to
end, an attack upon the books of chivalry, of
which Aristotle never dreamt, nor St. Basil said
a word, nor Cicero had any knowledge; nor do
the niceties of truth nor the observations of as-
trology come within the range of its fanciful
vagaries; nor have geometrical measurements
or refutations of the arguments used in rhetoric
anything to do with it; nor does it mean to pre-
ach to anybody, mixing up things human and
divine, a sort of motley in which no Christian
understanding should dress itself. It has only to
avail itself of truth to nature in its composition,
and the more perfect the imitation the better
the work will be. And as this piece of yours
aims at nothing more than to destroy the aut-
hority and influence which books of chivalry
have in the world and with the public, there is
no need for you to go a-begging for aphorisms
from philosophers, precepts from Holy Scriptu-
re, fables from poets, speeches from orators, or
miracles from saints; but merely to take care
that your style and diction run musically, plea-
santly, and plainly, with clear, proper, and
well-placed words, setting forth your purpose
to the best of your power, and putting your
ideas intelligibly, without confusion or obscuri-
ty. Strive, too, that in reading your story the
melancholy may be moved to laughter, and the
merry made merrier still; that the simple shall
not be wearied, that the judicious shall admire
the invention, that the grave shall not despise
it, nor the wise fail to praise it. Finally, keep
your aim fixed on the destruction of that ill-
founded edifice of the books of chivalry, hated
by some and praised by many more; for if you
succeed in this you will have achieved no small
success."
In profound silence I listened to what my
friend said, and his observations made such an
impression on me that, without attempting to
question them, I admitted their soundness, and
out of them I determined to make this Preface;
wherein, gentle reader, thou wilt perceive my
friend's good sense, my good fortune in finding
such an adviser in such a time of need, and
what thou hast gained in receiving, without
addition or alteration, the story of the famous
Don Quixote of La Mancha, who is held by all
the inhabitants of the district of the Campo de
Montiel to have been the chastest lover and the
bravest knight that has for many years been
seen in that neighbourhood. I have no desire to
magnify the service I render thee in making
thee acquainted with so renowned and honou-
red a knight, but I do desire thy thanks for the
acquaintance thou wilt make with the famous
Sancho Panza, his squire, in whom, to my thin-
king, I have given thee condensed all the squi-
rely drolleries that are scattered through the
swarm of the vain books of chivalry. And so—
may God give thee health, and not forget me.
Vale.
 DEDICATION OF VOLUME I

TO THE DUKE OF BEJAR, MAR-

QUIS OF GIBRALEON, COUNT OF
BENALCAZAR AND BANARES, VI-
CECOUNT OF THE PUEBLA DE AL-
COCER, MASTER OF THE TOWNS OF
CAPILLA, CURIEL AND BURGUI-
LLOS
In belief of the good reception and honours
that Your Excellency bestows on all sort of bo-
oks, as prince so inclined to favor good arts,
chiefly those who by their nobleness do not
submit to the service and bribery of the vulgar,
I have determined bringing to light The Inge-
nious Gentleman Don Quixote of la Mancha, in
shelter of Your Excellency's glamorous name,
to whom, with the obeisance I owe to such
grandeur, I pray to receive it agreeably under
his protection, so that in this shadow, though
deprived of that precious ornament of elegance
and erudition that clothe the works composed
in the houses of those who know, it dares ap-
pear with assurance in the judgment of some
who, trespassing the bounds of their own igno-
rance, use to condemn with more rigour and
less justice the writings of others. It is my ear-
nest hope that Your Excellency's good counsel
in regard to my honourable purpose, will not
disdain the littleness of so humble a service.
Miguel de Cervantes
 VOLUME I.

CHAPTER I.

WHICH TREATS OF THE CHARAC-

TER AND PURSUITS OF THE FA-
MOUS GENTLEMAN DON QUIXOTE
OF LA MANCHA

In a village of La Mancha, the name of which

I have no desire to call to mind, there lived not
long since one of those gentlemen that keep a
lance in the lance-rack, an old buckler, a lean
hack, and a greyhound for coursing. An olla of
rather more beef than mutton, a salad on most
nights, scraps on Saturdays, lentils on Fridays,
and a pigeon or so extra on Sundays, made
away with three-quarters of his income. The
rest of it went in a doublet of fine cloth and
velvet breeches and shoes to match for holi-
days, while on week-days he made a brave fi-
gure in his best homespun. He had in his house
a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty,
and a lad for the field and market-place, who
used to saddle the hack as well as handle the
bill-hook. The age of this gentleman of ours
was bordering on fifty; he was of a hardy habit,
spare, gaunt-featured, a very early riser and a
great sportsman. They will have it his surname
was Quixada or Quesada (for here there is so-
me difference of opinion among the authors
who write on the subject), although from rea-
sonable conjectures it seems plain that he was
called Quexana. This, however, is of but little
importance to our tale; it will be enough not to
stray a hair's breadth from the truth in the te-
lling of it.
You must know, then, that the above-named
gentleman whenever he was at leisure (which
was mostly all the year round) gave himself up
to reading books of chivalry with such ardour
and avidity that he almost entirely neglected
the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the
management of his property; and to such a
pitch did his eagerness and infatuation go that
he sold many an acre of tillageland to buy bo-
oks of chivalry to read, and brought home as
many of them as he could get. But of all there
were none he liked so well as those of the fa-
mous Feliciano de Silva's composition, for their
lucidity of style and complicated conceits were
as pearls in his sight, particularly when in his
reading he came upon courtships and cartels,
where he often found passages like "the reason
of the unreason with which my reason is afflic-
ted so weakens my reason that with reason I
murmur at your beauty;" or again, "the high
heavens, that of your divinity divinely fortify
you with the stars, render you deserving of the
desert your greatness deserves." Over conceits
of this sort the poor gentleman lost his wits,
and used to lie awake striving to understand
them and worm the meaning out of them; what
Aristotle himself could not have made out or
extracted had he come to life again for that spe-
cial purpose. He was not at all easy about the
wounds which Don Belianis gave and took,
because it seemed to him that, great as were the
surgeons who had cured him, he must have
had his face and body covered all over with
seams and scars. He commended, however, the
author's way of ending his book with the pro-
mise of that interminable adventure, and many
a time was he tempted to take up his pen and
finish it properly as is there proposed, which
no doubt he would have done, and made a suc-
cessful piece of work of it too, had not greater
and more absorbing thoughts prevented him.
Many an argument did he have with the cu-
rate of his village (a learned man, and a gradua-
te of Siguenza) as to which had been the better
knight, Palmerin of England or Amadis of
Gaul. Master Nicholas, the village barber,
however, used to say that neither of them came
up to the Knight of Phoebus, and that if there
was any that could compare with him it was
Don Galaor, the brother of Amadis of Gaul,
because he had a spirit that was equal to every
occasion, and was no finikin knight, nor lach-
rymose like his brother, while in the matter of
valour he was not a whit behind him. In short,
he became so absorbed in his books that he
spent his nights from sunset to sunrise, and his
days from dawn to dark, poring over them; and
what with little sleep and much reading his
brains got so dry that he lost his wits. His fancy
grew full of what he used to read about in his
books, enchantments, quarrels, battles, challen-
ges, wounds, wooings, loves, agonies, and all
sorts of impossible nonsense; and it so posses-
sed his mind that the whole fabric of invention
and fancy he read of was true, that to him no
history in the world had more reality in it. He
used to say the Cid Ruy Diaz was a very good
knight, but that he was not to be compared
with the Knight of the Burning Sword who
with one back-stroke cut in half two fierce and
monstrous giants. He thought more of Bernar-
do del Carpio because at Roncesvalles he slew
Roland in spite of enchantments, availing him-
self of the artifice of Hercules when he stran-
gled Antaeus the son of Terra in his arms. He
approved highly of the giant Morgante, becau-
se, although of the giant breed which is always
arrogant and ill-conditioned, he alone was af-
fable and well-bred. But above all he admired
Reinaldos of Montalban, especially when he
saw him sallying forth from his castle and rob-
bing everyone he met, and when beyond the
seas he stole that image of Mahomet which, as
his history says, was entirely of gold. To have a
bout of kicking at that traitor of a Ganelon he
would have given his housekeeper, and his
niece into the bargain.
In short, his wits being quite gone, he hit
upon the strangest notion that ever madman in
this world hit upon, and that was that he fan-
cied it was right and requisite, as well for the
support of his own honour as for the service of
his country, that he should make a knight-
errant of himself, roaming the world over in
full armour and on horseback in quest of ad-
ventures, and putting in practice himself all
that he had read of as being the usual practices
of knights-errant; righting every kind of wrong,
and exposing himself to peril and danger from
which, in the issue, he was to reap eternal re-
nown and fame. Already the poor man saw
himself crowned by the might of his arm Em-
peror of Trebizond at least; and so, led away by
the intense enjoyment he found in these plea-
sant fancies, he set himself forthwith to put his
scheme into execution.
The first thing he did was to clean up some
armour that had belonged to his great-
grandfather, and had been for ages lying for-
gotten in a corner eaten with rust and covered
with mildew. He scoured and polished it as
best he could, but he perceived one great defect
in it, that it had no closed helmet, nothing but a
simple morion. This deficiency, however, his
ingenuity supplied, for he contrived a kind of
half-helmet of pasteboard which, fitted on to
the morion, looked like a whole one. It is true
that, in order to see if it was strong and fit to
stand a cut, he drew his sword and gave it a
couple of slashes, the first of which undid in an
instant what had taken him a week to do. The
ease with which he had knocked it to pieces
disconcerted him somewhat, and to guard
against that danger he set to work again, fixing
bars of iron on the inside until he was satisfied
with its strength; and then, not caring to try any
more experiments with it, he passed it and
adopted it as a helmet of the most perfect cons-
truction.
He next proceeded to inspect his hack,
which, with more quartos than a real and more
blemishes than the steed of Gonela, that "tan-
tum pellis et ossa fuit," surpassed in his eyes
the Bucephalus of Alexander or the Babieca of
the Cid. Four days were spent in thinking what
name to give him, because (as he said to him-
self) it was not right that a horse belonging to a
knight so famous, and one with such merits of
his own, should be without some distinctive
name, and he strove to adapt it so as to indicate
what he had been before belonging to a knight-
errant, and what he then was; for it was only
reasonable that, his master taking a new cha-
racter, he should take a new name, and that it
should be a distinguished and full-sounding
one, befitting the new order and calling he was
about to follow. And so, after having compo-
sed, struck out, rejected, added to, unmade,
and remade a multitude of names out of his
memory and fancy, he decided upon calling
him Rocinante, a name, to his thinking, lofty,
sonorous, and significant of his condition as a
hack before he became what he now was, the
first and foremost of all the hacks in the world.
Having got a name for his horse so much to
his taste, he was anxious to get one for himself,
and he was eight days more pondering over
this point, till at last he made up his mind to
call himself "Don Quixote," whence, as has been
already said, the authors of this veracious his-
tory have inferred that his name must have
been beyond a doubt Quixada, and not Quesa-
da as others would have it. Recollecting, howe-
ver, that the valiant Amadis was not content to
call himself curtly Amadis and nothing more,
but added the name of his kingdom and coun-
try to make it famous, and called himself Ama-
dis of Gaul, he, like a good knight, resolved to
add on the name of his, and to style himself
Don Quixote of La Mancha, whereby, he consi-
dered, he described accurately his origin and
country, and did honour to it in taking his sur-
name from it.
So then, his armour being furbished, his mo-
rion turned into a helmet, his hack christened,
and he himself confirmed, he came to the con-
clusion that nothing more was needed now but
to look out for a lady to be in love with; for a
knight-errant without love was like a tree wit-
hout leaves or fruit, or a body without a soul.
As he said to himself, "If, for my sins, or by my
good fortune, I come across some giant herea-
bouts, a common occurrence with knights-
errant, and overthrow him in one onslaught, or
cleave him asunder to the waist, or, in short,
vanquish and subdue him, will it not be well to
have some one I may send him to as a present,
that he may come in and fall on his knees befo-
re my sweet lady, and in a humble, submissive
voice say, 'I am the giant Caraculiambro, lord
of the island of Malindrania, vanquished in
single combat by the never sufficiently extolled
knight Don Quixote of La Mancha, who has
commanded me to present myself before your
Grace, that your Highness dispose of me at
your pleasure'?" Oh, how our good gentleman
enjoyed the delivery of this speech, especially
when he had thought of some one to call his
Lady! There was, so the story goes, in a village
near his own a very good-looking farm-girl
with whom he had been at one time in love,
though, so far as is known, she never knew it
nor gave a thought to the matter. Her name
was Aldonza Lorenzo, and upon her he
thought fit to confer the title of Lady of his
Thoughts; and after some search for a name
which should not be out of harmony with her
own, and should suggest and indicate that of a
princess and great lady, he decided upon ca-
lling her Dulcinea del Toboso—she being of El
Toboso—a name, to his mind, musical, un-
common, and significant, like all those he had
already bestowed upon himself and the things
belonging to him.
 CHAPTER II.

WHICH TREATS OF THE FIRST SA-

LLY THE INGENIOUS DON QUIXOTE
MADE FROM HOME

These preliminaries settled, he did not care

to put off any longer the execution of his de-
sign, urged on to it by the thought of all the
world was losing by his delay, seeing what
wrongs he intended to right, grievances to re-
dress, injustices to repair, abuses to remove,
and duties to discharge. So, without giving no-
tice of his intention to anyone, and without
anybody seeing him, one morning before the
dawning of the day (which was one of the hot-
test of the month of July) he donned his suit of
armour, mounted Rocinante with his patched-
up helmet on, braced his buckler, took his lan-
ce, and by the back door of the yard sallied
forth upon the plain in the highest contentment
and satisfaction at seeing with what ease he
had made a beginning with his grand purpose.
But scarcely did he find himself upon the open
plain, when a terrible thought struck him, one
all but enough to make him abandon the enter-
prise at the very outset. It occurred to him that
he had not been dubbed a knight, and that ac-
cording to the law of chivalry he neither could
nor ought to bear arms against any knight; and
that even if he had been, still he ought, as a
novice knight, to wear white armour, without a
device upon the shield until by his prowess he
had earned one. These reflections made him
waver in his purpose, but his craze being
stronger than any reasoning, he made up his
mind to have himself dubbed a knight by the
first one he came across, following the example
of others in the same case, as he had read in the
books that brought him to this pass. As for whi-
te armour, he resolved, on the first opportunity,
to scour his until it was whiter than an ermine;
and so comforting himself he pursued his way,
taking that which his horse chose, for in this he
believed lay the essence of adventures.
Thus setting out, our new-fledged adventu-
rer paced along, talking to himself and saying,
"Who knows but that in time to come, when the
veracious history of my famous deeds is made
known, the sage who writes it, when he has to
set forth my first sally in the early morning,
will do it after this fashion? 'Scarce had the ru-
bicund Apollo spread o'er the face of the broad
spacious earth the golden threads of his bright
hair, scarce had the little birds of painted plu-
mage attuned their notes to hail with dulcet
and mellifluous harmony the coming of the
rosy Dawn, that, deserting the soft couch of her
jealous spouse, was appearing to mortals at the
gates and balconies of the Manchegan horizon,
when the renowned knight Don Quixote of La
Mancha, quitting the lazy down, mounted his
celebrated steed Rocinante and began to traver-
se the ancient and famous Campo de Montiel;'"
which in fact he was actually traversing. "Hap-
py the age, happy the time," he continued, "in
which shall be made known my deeds of fame,
worthy to be moulded in brass, carved in mar-
ble, limned in pictures, for a memorial for ever.
And thou, O sage magician, whoever thou art,
to whom it shall fall to be the chronicler of this
wondrous history, forget not, I entreat thee, my
good Rocinante, the constant companion of my
ways and wanderings." Presently he broke out
again, as if he were love-stricken in earnest, "O
Princess Dulcinea, lady of this captive heart, a
grievous wrong hast thou done me to drive me
forth with scorn, and with inexorable obduracy
banish me from the presence of thy beauty. O
lady, deign to hold in remembrance this heart,
thy vassal, that thus in anguish pines for love of
thee."
So he went on stringing together these and
other absurdities, all in the style of those his
books had taught him, imitating their language
as well as he could; and all the while he rode so
slowly and the sun mounted so rapidly and
with such fervour that it was enough to melt
his brains if he had any. Nearly all day he tra-
velled without anything remarkable happening
to him, at which he was in despair, for he was
anxious to encounter some one at once upon
whom to try the might of his strong arm.
Writers there are who say the first adventure
he met with was that of Puerto Lapice; others
say it was that of the windmills; but what I
have ascertained on this point, and what I have
found written in the annals of La Mancha, is
that he was on the road all day, and towards
nightfall his hack and he found themselves de-
ad tired and hungry, when, looking all around
to see if he could discover any castle or shep-
herd's shanty where he might refresh himself
and relieve his sore wants, he perceived not far
out of his road an inn, which was as welcome
as a star guiding him to the portals, if not the
palaces, of his redemption; and quickening his
pace he reached it just as night was setting in.
At the door were standing two young women,
girls of the district as they call them, on their
way to Seville with some carriers who had
chanced to halt that night at the inn; and as,
happen what might to our adventurer, everyt-
hing he saw or imaged seemed to him to be and
to happen after the fashion of what he read of,
the moment he saw the inn he pictured it to
himself as a castle with its four turrets and pin-
nacles of shining silver, not forgetting the
drawbridge and moat and all the belongings
usually ascribed to castles of the sort. To this
inn, which to him seemed a castle, he advan-
ced, and at a short distance from it he checked
Rocinante, hoping that some dwarf would
show himself upon the battlements, and by
sound of trumpet give notice that a knight was
approaching the castle. But seeing that they
were slow about it, and that Rocinante was in a
hurry to reach the stable, he made for the inn
door, and perceived the two gay damsels who
were standing there, and who seemed to him to
be two fair maidens or lovely ladies taking their
ease at the castle gate.
At this moment it so happened that a swine-
herd who was going through the stubbles co-
llecting a drove of pigs (for, without any apolo-
gy, that is what they are called) gave a blast of
his horn to bring them together, and forthwith
it seemed to Don Quixote to be what he was
expecting, the signal of some dwarf announ-
cing his arrival; and so with prodigious satis-
faction he rode up to the inn and to the ladies,
who, seeing a man of this sort approaching in
full armour and with lance and buckler, were
turning in dismay into the inn, when Don
Quixote, guessing their fear by their flight, rai-
sing his pasteboard visor, disclosed his dry
dusty visage, and with courteous bearing and
gentle voice addressed them, "Your ladyships
need not fly or fear any rudeness, for that it
belongs not to the order of knighthood which I
profess to offer to anyone, much less to high-
born maidens as your appearance proclaims
you to be." The girls were looking at him and
straining their eyes to make out the features
which the clumsy visor obscured, but when
they heard themselves called maidens, a thing
so much out of their line, they could not res-
train their laughter, which made Don Quixote
wax indignant, and say, "Modesty becomes the
fair, and moreover laughter that has little cause
is great silliness; this, however, I say not to pain
or anger you, for my desire is none other than
to serve you."
The incomprehensible language and the un-
promising looks of our cavalier only increased
the ladies' laughter, and that increased his irri-
tation, and matters might have gone farther if
at that moment the landlord had not come out,
who, being a very fat man, was a very peaceful
one. He, seeing this grotesque figure clad in
armour that did not match any more than his
saddle, bridle, lance, buckler, or corselet, was
not at all indisposed to join the damsels in their
manifestations of amusement; but, in truth,
standing in awe of such a complicated arma-
ment, he thought it best to speak him fairly, so
he said, "Senor Caballero, if your worship
wants lodging, bating the bed (for there is not
one in the inn) there is plenty of everything else
here." Don Quixote, observing the respectful
bearing of the Alcaide of the fortress (for so
innkeeper and inn seemed in his eyes), made
answer, "Sir Castellan, for me anything will
suffice, for
'My armour is my only wear,
My only rest the fray.'"
The host fancied he called him Castellan be-
cause he took him for a "worthy of Castile,"
though he was in fact an Andalusian, and one
from the strand of San Lucar, as crafty a thief as
Cacus and as full of tricks as a student or a pa-
ge. "In that case," said he,
"'Your bed is on the flinty rock,
Your sleep to watch alway;'
 and if so, you may dismount and safely rec-
kon upon any quantity of sleeplessness under
this roof for a twelvemonth, not to say for a
single night." So saying, he advanced to hold
the stirrup for Don Quixote, who got down
with great difficulty and exertion (for he had
not broken his fast all day), and then charged
the host to take great care of his horse, as he
was the best bit of flesh that ever ate bread in
this world. The landlord eyed him over but did
not find him as good as Don Quixote said, nor
even half as good; and putting him up in the
stable, he returned to see what might be wan-
ted by his guest, whom the damsels, who had
by this time made their peace with him, were
now relieving of his armour. They had taken
off his breastplate and backpiece, but they neit-
her knew nor saw how to open his gorget or
remove his make-shift helmet, for he had faste-
ned it with green ribbons, which, as there was
no untying the knots, required to be cut. This,
however, he would not by any means consent
to, so he remained all the evening with his
helmet on, the drollest and oddest figure that
can be imagined; and while they were remo-
ving his armour, taking the baggages who were
about it for ladies of high degree belonging to
the castle, he said to them with great sprightli-
ness:
"Oh, never, surely, was there knight
So served by hand of dame,
As served was he, Don Quixote hight,
When from his town he came;
With maidens waiting on himself,
Princesses on his hack—
or Rocinante, for that, ladies mine, is my
horse's name, and Don Quixote of La Mancha is
my own; for though I had no intention of decla-
ring myself until my achievements in your ser-
vice and honour had made me known, the ne-
cessity of adapting that old ballad of Lancelot
to the present occasion has given you the
knowledge of my name altogether prematurely.
A time, however, will come for your ladyships
to command and me to obey, and then the
might of my arm will show my desire to serve
you."
The girls, who were not used to hearing rhe-
toric of this sort, had nothing to say in reply;
they only asked him if he wanted anything to
eat. "I would gladly eat a bit of something," said
Don Quixote, "for I feel it would come very
seasonably." The day happened to be a Friday,
and in the whole inn there was nothing but
some pieces of the fish they call in Castile "aba-
dejo," in Andalusia "bacallao," and in some pla-
ces "curadillo," and in others "troutlet;" so they
asked him if he thought he could eat troutlet,
for there was no other fish to give him. "If there
be troutlets enough," said Don Quixote, "they
will be the same thing as a trout; for it is all one
to me whether I am given eight reals in small
change or a piece of eight; moreover, it may be
that these troutlets are like veal, which is better
than beef, or kid, which is better than goat. But
whatever it be let it come quickly, for the bur-
den and pressure of arms cannot be borne wit-
hout support to the inside." They laid a table
for him at the door of the inn for the sake of the
air, and the host brought him a portion of ill-
soaked and worse cooked stockfish, and a piece
of bread as black and mouldy as his own ar-
mour; but a laughable sight it was to see him
eating, for having his helmet on and the beaver
up, he could not with his own hands put anyt-
hing into his mouth unless some one else pla-
ced it there, and this service one of the ladies
rendered him. But to give him anything to
drink was impossible, or would have been so
had not the landlord bored a reed, and putting
one end in his mouth poured the wine into him
through the other; all which he bore with pa-
tience rather than sever the ribbons of his hel-
met.
While this was going on there came up to
the inn a sowgelder, who, as he approached,
sounded his reed pipe four or five times, and
thereby completely convinced Don Quixote
that he was in some famous castle, and that
they were regaling him with music, and that
the stockfish was trout, the bread the whitest,
the wenches ladies, and the landlord the caste-
llan of the castle; and consequently he held that
his enterprise and sally had been to some pur-
pose. But still it distressed him to think he had
not been dubbed a knight, for it was plain to
him he could not lawfully engage in any ad-
venture without receiving the order of knight-
hood.
 CHAPTER III.

WHEREIN IS RELATED THE

DROLL WAY IN WHICH DON
QUIXOTE HAD HIMSELF DUBBED A
KNIGHT

Harassed by this reflection, he made haste

with his scanty pothouse supper, and having
finished it called the landlord, and shutting
himself into the stable with him, fell on his
knees before him, saying, "From this spot I rise
not, valiant knight, until your courtesy grants
me the boon I seek, one that will redound to
your praise and the benefit of the human race."
The landlord, seeing his guest at his feet and
hearing a speech of this kind, stood staring at
him in bewilderment, not knowing what to do
or say, and entreating him to rise, but all to no
purpose until he had agreed to grant the boon
demanded of him. "I looked for no less, my
lord, from your High Magnificence," replied
Don Quixote, "and I have to tell you that the
boon I have asked and your liberality has gran-
ted is that you shall dub me knight to-morrow
morning, and that to-night I shall watch my
arms in the chapel of this your castle; thus to-
morrow, as I have said, will be accomplished
what I so much desire, enabling me lawfully to
roam through all the four quarters of the world
seeking adventures on behalf of those in di-
stress, as is the duty of chivalry and of knights-
errant like myself, whose ambition is directed
to such deeds."
The landlord, who, as has been mentioned,
was something of a wag, and had already some
suspicion of his guest's want of wits, was quite
convinced of it on hearing talk of this kind from
him, and to make sport for the night he deter-
mined to fall in with his humour. So he told
him he was quite right in pursuing the object
he had in view, and that such a motive was
natural and becoming in cavaliers as distin-
guished as he seemed and his gallant bearing
showed him to be; and that he himself in his
younger days had followed the same honoura-
ble calling, roaming in quest of adventures in
various parts of the world, among others the
Curing-grounds of Malaga, the Isles of Riaran,
the Precinct of Seville, the Little Market of Se-
govia, the Olivera of Valencia, the Rondilla of
Granada, the Strand of San Lucar, the Colt of
Cordova, the Taverns of Toledo, and divers
other quarters, where he had proved the nim-
bleness of his feet and the lightness of his fin-
gers, doing many wrongs, cheating many wi-
dows, ruining maids and swindling minors,
and, in short, bringing himself under the notice
of almost every tribunal and court of justice in
Spain; until at last he had retired to this castle
of his, where he was living upon his property
and upon that of others; and where he received
all knights-errant of whatever rank or condition
they might be, all for the great love he bore
them and that they might share their substance
with him in return for his benevolence. He told
him, moreover, that in this castle of his there
was no chapel in which he could watch his ar-
mour, as it had been pulled down in order to be
rebuilt, but that in a case of necessity it might,
he knew, be watched anywhere, and he might
watch it that night in a courtyard of the castle,
and in the morning, God willing, the requisite
ceremonies might be performed so as to have
him dubbed a knight, and so thoroughly dub-
bed that nobody could be more so. He asked if
he had any money with him, to which Don
Quixote replied that he had not a farthing, as in
the histories of knights-errant he had never
read of any of them carrying any. On this point
the landlord told him he was mistaken; for,
though not recorded in the histories, because in
the author's opinion there was no need to men-
tion anything so obvious and necessary as mo-
ney and clean shirts, it was not to be supposed
therefore that they did not carry them, and he
might regard it as certain and established that
all knights-errant (about whom there were so
many full and unimpeachable books) carried
well-furnished purses in case of emergency,
and likewise carried shirts and a little box of
ointment to cure the wounds they received. For
in those plains and deserts where they engaged
in combat and came out wounded, it was not
always that there was some one to cure them,
unless indeed they had for a friend some sage
magician to succour them at once by fetching
through the air upon a cloud some damsel or
dwarf with a vial of water of such virtue that
by tasting one drop of it they were cured of
their hurts and wounds in an instant and left as
sound as if they had not received any damage
whatever. But in case this should not occur, the
knights of old took care to see that their squires
were provided with money and other requisi-
tes, such as lint and ointments for healing pur-
poses; and when it happened that knights had
no squires (which was rarely and seldom the
case) they themselves carried everything in
cunning saddle-bags that were hardly seen on
the horse's croup, as if it were something else of
more importance, because, unless for some
such reason, carrying saddle-bags was not very
favourably regarded among knights-errant. He
therefore advised him (and, as his godson so
soon to be, he might even command him) never
from that time forth to travel without money
and the usual requirements, and he would find
the advantage of them when he least expected
it.
Don Quixote promised to follow his advice
scrupulously, and it was arranged forthwith
that he should watch his armour in a large yard
at one side of the inn; so, collecting it all toget-
her, Don Quixote placed it on a trough that
stood by the side of a well, and bracing his
buckler on his arm he grasped his lance and
began with a stately air to march up and down
in front of the trough, and as he began his
march night began to fall.
The landlord told all the people who were in
the inn about the craze of his guest, the wat-
ching of the armour, and the dubbing ceremo-
ny he contemplated. Full of wonder at so stran-
ge a form of madness, they flocked to see it
from a distance, and observed with what com-
posure he sometimes paced up and down, or
sometimes, leaning on his lance, gazed on his
armour without taking his eyes off it for ever so
long; and as the night closed in with a light
from the moon so brilliant that it might vie
with his that lent it, everything the novice
knight did was plainly seen by all.
Meanwhile one of the carriers who were in
the inn thought fit to water his team, and it was
necessary to remove Don Quixote's armour as
it lay on the trough; but he seeing the other
approach hailed him in a loud voice, "O thou,
whoever thou art, rash knight that comest to
lay hands on the armour of the most valorous
errant that ever girt on sword, have a care what
thou dost; touch it not unless thou wouldst lay
down thy life as the penalty of thy rashness."
The carrier gave no heed to these words (and
he would have done better to heed them if he
had been heedful of his health), but seizing it
by the straps flung the armour some distance
from him. Seeing this, Don Quixote raised his
eyes to heaven, and fixing his thoughts, appa-
rently, upon his lady Dulcinea, exclaimed, "Aid
me, lady mine, in this the first encounter that
presents itself to this breast which thou holdest
in subjection; let not thy favour and protection
fail me in this first jeopardy;" and, with these
words and others to the same purpose, drop-
ping his buckler he lifted his lance with both
hands and with it smote such a blow on the
carrier's head that he stretched him on the
ground, so stunned that had he followed it up
with a second there would have been no need
of a surgeon to cure him. This done, he picked
up his armour and returned to his beat with the
same serenity as before.

Shortly after this, another, not knowing

what had happened (for the carrier still lay sen-
seless), came with the same object of giving
water to his mules, and was proceeding to re-
move the armour in order to clear the trough,
when Don Quixote, without uttering a word or
imploring aid from anyone, once more drop-
ped his buckler and once more lifted his lance,
and without actually breaking the second ca-
rrier's head into pieces, made more than three
of it, for he laid it open in four. At the noise all
the people of the inn ran to the spot, and
among them the landlord. Seeing this, Don
Quixote braced his buckler on his arm, and
with his hand on his sword exclaimed, "O Lady
of Beauty, strength and support of my faint
heart, it is time for thee to turn the eyes of thy
greatness on this thy captive knight on the
brink of so mighty an adventure." By this he
felt himself so inspired that he would not have
flinched if all the carriers in the world had as-
sailed him. The comrades of the wounded per-
ceiving the plight they were in began from a
distance to shower stones on Don Quixote, who
screened himself as best he could with his buc-
kler, not daring to quit the trough and leave his
armour unprotected. The landlord shouted to
them to leave him alone, for he had already
told them that he was mad, and as a madman
he would not be accountable even if he killed
them all. Still louder shouted Don Quixote,
calling them knaves and traitors, and the lord
of the castle, who allowed knights-errant to be
treated in this fashion, a villain and a low-born
knight whom, had he received the order of
knighthood, he would call to account for his
treachery. "But of you," he cried, "base and vile
rabble, I make no account; fling, strike, come
on, do all ye can against me, ye shall see what
the reward of your folly and insolence will be."
This he uttered with so much spirit and bold-
ness that he filled his assailants with a terrible
fear, and as much for this reason as at the per-
suasion of the landlord they left off stoning
him, and he allowed them to carry off the
wounded, and with the same calmness and
composure as before resumed the watch over
his armour.
But these freaks of his guest were not much
to the liking of the landlord, so he determined
to cut matters short and confer upon him at
once the unlucky order of knighthood before
any further misadventure could occur; so,
going up to him, he apologised for the rudeness
which, without his knowledge, had been offe-
red to him by these low people, who, however,
had been well punished for their audacity. As
he had already told him, he said, there was no
chapel in the castle, nor was it needed for what
remained to be done, for, as he understood the
ceremonial of the order, the whole point of
being dubbed a knight lay in the accolade and
in the slap on the shoulder, and that could be
administered in the middle of a field; and that
he had now done all that was needful as to
watching the armour, for all requirements were
satisfied by a watch of two hours only, while he
had been more than four about it. Don Quixote
believed it all, and told him he stood there rea-
dy to obey him, and to make an end of it with
as much despatch as possible; for, if he were
again attacked, and felt himself to be dubbed
knight, he would not, he thought, leave a soul
alive in the castle, except such as out of respect
he might spare at his bidding.
Thus warned and menaced, the castellan
forthwith brought out a book in which he used
to enter the straw and barley he served out to
the carriers, and, with a lad carrying a candle-
end, and the two damsels already mentioned,
he returned to where Don Quixote stood, and
bade him kneel down. Then, reading from his
account-book as if he were repeating some de-
vout prayer, in the middle of his delivery he
raised his hand and gave him a sturdy blow on
the neck, and then, with his own sword, a
smart slap on the shoulder, all the while mutte-
ring between his teeth as if he was saying his
prayers. Having done this, he directed one of
the ladies to gird on his sword, which she did
with great self-possession and gravity, and not
a little was required to prevent a burst of laugh-
ter at each stage of the ceremony; but what they
had already seen of the novice knight's prowess
kept their laughter within bounds. On girding
him with the sword the worthy lady said to
him, "May God make your worship a very for-
tunate knight, and grant you success in battle."
Don Quixote asked her name in order that he
might from that time forward know to whom
he was beholden for the favour he had recei-
ved, as he meant to confer upon her some por-
tion of the honour he acquired by the might of
his arm. She answered with great humility that
she was called La Tolosa, and that she was the
daughter of a cobbler of Toledo who lived in
the stalls of Sanchobienaya, and that wherever
she might be she would serve and esteem him
as her lord. Don Quixote said in reply that she
would do him a favour if thenceforward she
assumed the "Don" and called herself Dona
Tolosa. She promised she would, and then the
other buckled on his spur, and with her follo-
wed almost the same conversation as with the
lady of the sword. He asked her name, and she
said it was La Molinera, and that she was the
daughter of a respectable miller of Antequera;
and of her likewise Don Quixote requested that
she would adopt the "Don" and call herself Do-
na Molinera, making offers to her further servi-
ces and favours.
Having thus, with hot haste and speed,
brought to a conclusion these never-till-now-
seen ceremonies, Don Quixote was on thorns
until he saw himself on horseback sallying
forth in quest of adventures; and saddling Ro-
cinante at once he mounted, and embracing his
host, as he returned thanks for his kindness in
knighting him, he addressed him in language
so extraordinary that it is impossible to convey
an idea of it or report it. The landlord, to get
him out of the inn, replied with no less rhetoric
though with shorter words, and without calling
upon him to pay the reckoning let him go with
a Godspeed.
 CHAPTER IV.

OF WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR

KNIGHT WHEN HE LEFT THE INN

Day was dawning when Don Quixote quit-

ted the inn, so happy, so gay, so exhilarated at
finding himself now dubbed a knight, that his
joy was like to burst his horse-girths. However,
recalling the advice of his host as to the requisi-
tes he ought to carry with him, especially that
referring to money and shirts, he determined to
go home and provide himself with all, and also
with a squire, for he reckoned upon securing a
farm-labourer, a neighbour of his, a poor man
with a family, but very well qualified for the
office of squire to a knight. With this object he
turned his horse's head towards his village, and
Rocinante, thus reminded of his old quarters,
stepped out so briskly that he hardly seemed to
tread the earth.
He had not gone far, when out of a thicket
on his right there seemed to come feeble cries
as of some one in distress, and the instant he
heard them he exclaimed, "Thanks be to heaven
for the favour it accords me, that it so soon of-
fers me an opportunity of fulfilling the obliga-
tion I have undertaken, and gathering the fruit
of my ambition. These cries, no doubt, come
from some man or woman in want of help, and
needing my aid and protection;" and wheeling,
he turned Rocinante in the direction whence
the cries seemed to proceed. He had gone but a
few paces into the wood, when he saw a mare
tied to an oak, and tied to another, and stripped
from the waist upwards, a youth of about fifte-
en years of age, from whom the cries came. Nor
were they without cause, for a lusty farmer was
flogging him with a belt and following up eve-
ry blow with scoldings and commands, repea-
ting, "Your mouth shut and your eyes open!"
while the youth made answer, "I won't do it
again, master mine; by God's passion I won't
do it again, and I'll take more care of the flock
another time."
Seeing what was going on, Don Quixote said
in an angry voice, "Discourteous knight, it ill
becomes you to assail one who cannot defend
himself; mount your steed and take your lance"
(for there was a lance leaning against the oak to
which the mare was tied), "and I will make you
know that you are behaving as a coward." The
farmer, seeing before him this figure in full
armour brandishing a lance over his head, gave
himself up for dead, and made answer meekly,
"Sir Knight, this youth that I am chastising is
my servant, employed by me to watch a flock
of sheep that I have hard by, and he is so care-
less that I lose one every day, and when I pu-
nish him for his carelessness and knavery he
says I do it out of niggardliness, to escape pa-
ying him the wages I owe him, and before God,
and on my soul, he lies."
"Lies before me, base clown!" said Don
Quixote. "By the sun that shines on us I have a
mind to run you through with this lance. Pay
him at once without another word; if not, by
the God that rules us I will make an end of you,
and annihilate you on the spot; release him
instantly."

The farmer hung his head, and without a

word untied his servant, of whom
Don Quixote asked how much his master owed
him.
He replied, nine months at seven reals a
month. Don Quixote added it up, found that it
came to sixty-three reals, and told the farmer to
pay it down immediately, if he did not want to
die for it.
 The trembling clown replied that as he lived
and by the oath he had sworn (though he had
not sworn any) it was not so much; for there
were to be taken into account and deducted
three pairs of shoes he had given him, and a
real for two blood-lettings when he was sick.
"All that is very well," said Don Quixote;
"but let the shoes and the blood-lettings stand
as a setoff against the blows you have given
him without any cause; for if he spoiled the
leather of the shoes you paid for, you have da-
maged that of his body, and if the barber took
blood from him when he was sick, you have
drawn it when he was sound; so on that score
he owes you nothing."
"The difficulty is, Sir Knight, that I have no
money here; let Andres come home with me,
and I will pay him all, real by real."
"I go with him!" said the youth. "Nay, God
forbid! No, senor, not for the world; for once
alone with me, he would ray me like a Saint
Bartholomew."
 "He will do nothing of the kind," said Don
Quixote; "I have only to command, and he will
obey me; and as he has sworn to me by the or-
der of knighthood which he has received, I lea-
ve him free, and I guarantee the payment."
"Consider what you are saying, senor," said
the youth; "this master of mine is not a knight,
nor has he received any order of knighthood;
for he is Juan Haldudo the Rich, of Quintanar."
"That matters little," replied Don Quixote;
"there may be Haldudos knights; moreover,
everyone is the son of his works."
"That is true," said Andres; "but this master
of mine—of what works is he the son, when he
refuses me the wages of my sweat and labour?"
"I do not refuse, brother Andres," said the
farmer, "be good enough to come along with
me, and I swear by all the orders of knighthood
there are in the world to pay you as I have
agreed, real by real, and perfumed."
"For the perfumery I excuse you," said Don
Quixote; "give it to him in reals, and I shall be
satisfied; and see that you do as you have
sworn; if not, by the same oath I swear to come
back and hunt you out and punish you; and I
shall find you though you should lie closer
than a lizard. And if you desire to know who it
is lays this command upon you, that you be
more firmly bound to obey it, know that I am
the valorous Don Quixote of La Mancha, the
undoer of wrongs and injustices; and so, God
be with you, and keep in mind what you have
promised and sworn under those penalties that
have been already declared to you."
So saying, he gave Rocinante the spur and
was soon out of reach. The farmer followed
him with his eyes, and when he saw that he
had cleared the wood and was no longer in
sight, he turned to his boy Andres, and said,
"Come here, my son, I want to pay you what I
owe you, as that undoer of wrongs has com-
manded me."
"My oath on it," said Andres, "your worship
will be well advised to obey the command of
that good knight—may he live a thousand ye-
ars—for, as he is a valiant and just judge, by
Roque, if you do not pay me, he will come back
and do as he said."
"My oath on it, too," said the farmer; "but as
I have a strong affection for you, I want to add
to the debt in order to add to the payment;" and
seizing him by the arm, he tied him up again,
and gave him such a flogging that he left him
for dead.
"Now, Master Andres," said the farmer, "call
on the undoer of wrongs; you will find he
won't undo that, though I am not sure that I
have quite done with you, for I have a good
mind to flay you alive." But at last he untied
him, and gave him leave to go look for his jud-
ge in order to put the sentence pronounced into
execution.
Andres went off rather down in the mouth,
swearing he would go to look for the valiant
Don Quixote of La Mancha and tell him exactly
what had happened, and that all would have to
be repaid him sevenfold; but for all that, he
went off weeping, while his master stood laug-
hing.
Thus did the valiant Don Quixote right that
wrong, and, thoroughly satisfied with what
had taken place, as he considered he had made
a very happy and noble beginning with his
knighthood, he took the road towards his villa-
ge in perfect self-content, saying in a low voice,
"Well mayest thou this day call thyself fortuna-
te above all on earth, O Dulcinea del Toboso,
fairest of the fair! since it has fallen to thy lot to
hold subject and submissive to thy full will and
pleasure a knight so renowned as is and will be
Don Quixote of La Mancha, who, as all the
world knows, yesterday received the order of
knighthood, and hath to-day righted the grea-
test wrong and grievance that ever injustice
conceived and cruelty perpetrated: who hath
to-day plucked the rod from the hand of yon-
der ruthless oppressor so wantonly lashing that
tender child."
 He now came to a road branching in four di-
rections, and immediately he was reminded of
those cross-roads where knights-errant used to
stop to consider which road they should take.
In imitation of them he halted for a while, and
after having deeply considered it, he gave Ro-
cinante his head, submitting his own will to
that of his hack, who followed out his first in-
tention, which was to make straight for his own
stable. After he had gone about two miles Don
Quixote perceived a large party of people, who,
as afterwards appeared, were some Toledo tra-
ders, on their way to buy silk at Murcia. There
were six of them coming along under their
sunshades, with four servants mounted, and
three muleteers on foot. Scarcely had Don
Quixote descried them when the fancy posses-
sed him that this must be some new adventure;
and to help him to imitate as far as he could
those passages he had read of in his books, here
seemed to come one made on purpose, which
he resolved to attempt. So with a lofty bearing
and determination he fixed himself firmly in
his stirrups, got his lance ready, brought his
buckler before his breast, and planting himself
in the middle of the road, stood waiting the
approach of these knights-errant, for such he
now considered and held them to be; and when
they had come near enough to see and hear, he
exclaimed with a haughty gesture, "All the
world stand, unless all the world confess that in
all the world there is no maiden fairer than the
Empress of La Mancha, the peerless Dulcinea
del Toboso."
The traders halted at the sound of this lan-
guage and the sight of the strange figure that
uttered it, and from both figure and language
at once guessed the craze of their owner; they
wished, however, to learn quietly what was the
object of this confession that was demanded of
them, and one of them, who was rather fond of
a joke and was very sharp-witted, said to him,
"Sir Knight, we do not know who this good
lady is that you speak of; show her to us, for, if
she be of such beauty as you suggest, with all
our hearts and without any pressure we will
confess the truth that is on your part required
of us."
"If I were to show her to you," replied Don
Quixote, "what merit would you have in con-
fessing a truth so manifest? The essential point
is that without seeing her you must believe,
confess, affirm, swear, and defend it; else ye
have to do with me in battle, ill-conditioned,
arrogant rabble that ye are; and come ye on,
one by one as the order of knighthood requires,
or all together as is the custom and vile usage
of your breed, here do I bide and await you
relying on the justice of the cause I maintain."
"Sir Knight," replied the trader, "I entreat
your worship in the name of this present com-
pany of princes, that, to save us from charging
our consciences with the confession of a thing
we have never seen or heard of, and one mo-
reover so much to the prejudice of the Empres-
ses and Queens of the Alcarria and Estremadu-
ra, your worship will be pleased to show us
some portrait of this lady, though it be no big-
ger than a grain of wheat; for by the thread one
gets at the ball, and in this way we shall be sa-
tisfied and easy, and you will be content and
pleased; nay, I believe we are already so far
agreed with you that even though her portrait
should show her blind of one eye, and distilling
vermilion and sulphur from the other, we
would nevertheless, to gratify your worship,
say all in her favour that you desire."
"She distils nothing of the kind, vile rabble,"
said Don Quixote, burning with rage, "nothing
of the kind, I say, only ambergris and civet in
cotton; nor is she one-eyed or humpbacked, but
straighter than a Guadarrama spindle: but ye
must pay for the blasphemy ye have uttered
against beauty like that of my lady."
And so saying, he charged with levelled lan-
ce against the one who had spoken, with such
fury and fierceness that, if luck had not contri-
ved that Rocinante should stumble midway
and come down, it would have gone hard with
the rash trader. Down went Rocinante, and
over went his master, rolling along the ground
for some distance; and when he tried to rise he
was unable, so encumbered was he with lance,
buckler, spurs, helmet, and the weight of his
old armour; and all the while he was struggling
to get up he kept saying, "Fly not, cowards and
caitiffs! stay, for not by my fault, but my hor-
se's, am I stretched here."

One of the muleteers in attendance, who

could not have had much good nature in him,
hearing the poor prostrate man blustering in
this style, was unable to refrain from giving
him an answer on his ribs; and coming up to
him he seized his lance, and having broken it in
pieces, with one of them he began so to bela-
bour our Don Quixote that, notwithstanding
and in spite of his armour, he milled him like a
measure of wheat. His masters called out not to
lay on so hard and to leave him alone, but the
muleteers blood was up, and he did not care to
drop the game until he had vented the rest of
his wrath, and gathering up the remaining
fragments of the lance he finished with a dis-
charge upon the unhappy victim, who all
through the storm of sticks that rained on him
never ceased threatening heaven, and earth,
and the brigands, for such they seemed to him.
At last the muleteer was tired, and the traders
continued their journey, taking with them mat-
ter for talk about the poor fellow who had been
cudgelled. He when he found himself alone
made another effort to rise; but if he was una-
ble when whole and sound, how was he to rise
after having been thrashed and well-nigh
knocked to pieces? And yet he esteemed him-
self fortunate, as it seemed to him that this was
a regular knight-errant's mishap, and entirely,
he considered, the fault of his horse. However,
battered in body as he was, to rise was beyond
his power.

CHAPTER V.

IN WHICH THE NARRATIVE OF

OUR KNIGHT'S MISHAP IS CONTI-
NUED

Finding, then, that, in fact he could not mo-

ve, he thought himself of having recourse to his
usual remedy, which was to think of some pas-
sage in his books, and his craze brought to his
mind that about Baldwin and the Marquis of
Mantua, when Carloto left him wounded on
the mountain side, a story known by heart by
the children, not forgotten by the young men,
and lauded and even believed by the old folk;
and for all that not a whit truer than the mira-
cles of Mahomet. This seemed to him to fit
exactly the case in which he found himself, so,
making a show of severe suffering, he began to
roll on the ground and with feeble breath repe-
at the very words which the wounded knight of
the wood is said to have uttered:
Where art thou, lady mine, that thou
My sorrow dost not rue?
Thou canst not know it, lady mine,
Or else thou art untrue.
And so he went on with the ballad as far as
the lines:
O noble Marquis of Mantua,
My Uncle and liege lord!
As chance would have it, when he had got to
this line there happened to come by a peasant
from his own village, a neighbour of his, who
had been with a load of wheat to the mill, and
he, seeing the man stretched there, came up to
him and asked him who he was and what was
the matter with him that he complained so do-
lefully.
Don Quixote was firmly persuaded that this
was the Marquis of Mantua, his uncle, so the
only answer he made was to go on with his
ballad, in which he told the tale of his misfor-
tune, and of the loves of the Emperor's son and
his wife all exactly as the ballad sings it.
The peasant stood amazed at hearing such
nonsense, and relieving him of the visor, alrea-
dy battered to pieces by blows, he wiped his
face, which was covered with dust, and as soon
as he had done so he recognised him and said,
"Senor Quixada" (for so he appears to have be-
en called when he was in his senses and had
not yet changed from a quiet country gentle-
man into a knight-errant), "who has brought
your worship to this pass?" But to all questions
the other only went on with his ballad.
Seeing this, the good man removed as well
as he could his breastplate and backpiece to see
if he had any wound, but he could perceive no
blood nor any mark whatever. He then contri-
ved to raise him from the ground, and with no
little difficulty hoisted him upon his ass, which
seemed to him to be the easiest mount for him;
and collecting the arms, even to the splinters of
the lance, he tied them on Rocinante, and lea-
ding him by the bridle and the ass by the halter
he took the road for the village, very sad to
hear what absurd stuff Don Quixote was tal-
king.
Nor was Don Quixote less so, for what with
blows and bruises he could not sit upright on
the ass, and from time to time he sent up sighs
to heaven, so that once more he drove the pea-
sant to ask what ailed him. And it could have
been only the devil himself that put into his
head tales to match his own adventures, for
now, forgetting Baldwin, he bethought himself
of the Moor Abindarraez, when the Alcaide of
Antequera, Rodrigo de Narvaez, took him pri-
soner and carried him away to his castle; so
that when the peasant again asked him how he
was and what ailed him, he gave him for reply
the same words and phrases that the captive
Abindarraez gave to Rodrigo de Narvaez, just
as he had read the story in the "Diana" of Jorge
de Montemayor where it is written, applying it
to his own case so aptly that the peasant went
along cursing his fate that he had to listen to
such a lot of nonsense; from which, however,
he came to the conclusion that his neighbour
was mad, and so made all haste to reach the
village to escape the wearisomeness of this
harangue of Don Quixote's; who, at the end of
it, said, "Senor Don Rodrigo de Narvaez, your
worship must know that this fair Xarifa I have
mentioned is now the lovely Dulcinea del To-
boso, for whom I have done, am doing, and
will do the most famous deeds of chivalry that
in this world have been seen, are to be seen, or
ever shall be seen."
To this the peasant answered, "Senor—
sinner that I am!—cannot your
worship see that I am not Don Rodrigo de Nar-
vaez nor the Marquis of
Mantua, but Pedro Alonso your neighbour, and
that your worship is neither
Baldwin nor Abindarraez, but the worthy gen-
tleman Senor Quixada?"
"I know who I am," replied Don Quixote,
"and I know that I may be not only those I have
named, but all the Twelve Peers of France and
even all the Nine Worthies, since my achieve-
ments surpass all that they have done all toget-
her and each of them on his own account."
With this talk and more of the same kind
they reached the village just as night was be-
ginning to fall, but the peasant waited until it
was a little later that the belaboured gentleman
might not be seen riding in such a miserable
trim. When it was what seemed to him the pro-
per time he entered the village and went to Don
Quixote's house, which he found all in confu-
sion, and there were the curate and the village
barber, who were great friends of Don Quixote,
and his housekeeper was saying to them in a
loud voice, "What does your worship think can
have befallen my master, Senor Licentiate Pero
Perez?" for so the curate was called; "it is three
days now since anything has been seen of him,
or the hack, or the buckler, lance, or armour.
Miserable me! I am certain of it, and it is as true
as that I was born to die, that these accursed
books of chivalry he has, and has got into the
way of reading so constantly, have upset his
reason; for now I remember having often heard
him saying to himself that he would turn
knight-errant and go all over the world in quest
of adventures. To the devil and Barabbas with
such books, that have brought to ruin in this
way the finest understanding there was in all
La Mancha!"
The niece said the same, and, more: "You
must know, Master Nicholas"—for that was the
name of the barber—"it was often my uncle's
way to stay two days and nights together po-
ring over these unholy books of misventures,
after which he would fling the book away and
snatch up his sword and fall to slashing the
walls; and when he was tired out he would say
he had killed four giants like four towers; and
the sweat that flowed from him when he was
weary he said was the blood of the wounds he
had received in battle; and then he would drink
a great jug of cold water and become calm and
quiet, saying that this water was a most pre-
cious potion which the sage Esquife, a great
magician and friend of his, had brought him.
But I take all the blame upon myself for never
having told your worships of my uncle's vaga-
ries, that you might put a stop to them before
things had come to this pass, and burn all these
accursed books—for he has a great number—
that richly deserve to be burned like heretics."
"So say I too," said the curate, "and by my
faith to-morrow shall not pass without public
judgment upon them, and may they be con-
demned to the flames lest they lead those that
read to behave as my good friend seems to
have behaved."
 All this the peasant heard, and from it he
understood at last what was the matter with his
neighbour, so he began calling aloud, "Open,
your worships, to Senor Baldwin and to Senor
the Marquis of Mantua, who comes badly
wounded, and to Senor Abindarraez, the Moor,
whom the valiant Rodrigo de Narvaez, the Al-
caide of Antequera, brings captive."
At these words they all hurried out, and
when they recognised their friend, master, and
uncle, who had not yet dismounted from the
ass because he could not, they ran to embrace
him.
"Hold!" said he, "for I am badly wounded
through my horse's fault; carry me to bed, and
if possible send for the wise Urganda to cure
and see to my wounds."
"See there! plague on it!" cried the house-
keeper at this: "did not my heart tell the truth as
to which foot my master went lame of? To bed
with your worship at once, and we will contri-
ve to cure you here without fetching that Hur-
gada. A curse I say once more, and a hundred
times more, on those books of chivalry that
have brought your worship to such a pass."
They carried him to bed at once, and after
searching for his wounds could find none, but
he said they were all bruises from having had a
severe fall with his horse Rocinante when in
combat with ten giants, the biggest and the
boldest to be found on earth.
"So, so!" said the curate, "are there giants in
the dance? By the sign of the Cross I will burn
them to-morrow before the day over."
They put a host of questions to Don Quixote,
but his only answer to all was—give him so-
mething to eat, and leave him to sleep, for that
was what he needed most. They did so, and the
curate questioned the peasant at great length as
to how he had found Don Quixote. He told
him, and the nonsense he had talked when
found and on the way home, all which made
the licentiate the more eager to do what he did
the next day, which was to summon his friend
the barber, Master Nicholas, and go with him
to Don Quixote's house.

CHAPTER VI.

OF THE DIVERTING AND IMPOR-

TANT SCRUTINY WHICH THE CU-
RATE AND THE BARBER MADE IN
THE LIBRARY OF OUR INGENIOUS
GENTLEMAN

He was still sleeping; so the curate asked the

niece for the keys of the room where the books,
the authors of all the mischief, were, and right
willingly she gave them. They all went in, the
housekeeper with them, and found more than a
hundred volumes of big books very well
bound, and some other small ones. The mo-
ment the housekeeper saw them she turned
about and ran out of the room, and came back
immediately with a saucer of holy water and a
sprinkler, saying, "Here, your worship, senor
licentiate, sprinkle this room; don't leave any
magician of the many there are in these books
to bewitch us in revenge for our design of ba-
nishing them from the world."
The simplicity of the housekeeper made the
licentiate laugh, and he directed the barber to
give him the books one by one to see what they
were about, as there might be some to be found
among them that did not deserve the penalty of
fire.
"No," said the niece, "there is no reason for
showing mercy to any of them; they have every
one of them done mischief; better fling them
out of the window into the court and make a
pile of them and set fire to them; or else carry
them into the yard, and there a bonfire can be
made without the smoke giving any annoyan-
ce." The housekeeper said the same, so eager
were they both for the slaughter of those inno-
cents, but the curate would not agree to it wit-
hout first reading at any rate the titles.
The first that Master Nicholas put into his
hand was "The four books of Amadis of Gaul."
"This seems a mysterious thing," said the cura-
te, "for, as I have heard say, this was the first
book of chivalry printed in Spain, and from this
all the others derive their birth and origin; so it
seems to me that we ought inexorably to con-
demn it to the flames as the founder of so vile a
sect."
"Nay, sir," said the barber, "I too, have heard
say that this is the best of all the books of this
kind that have been written, and so, as somet-
hing singular in its line, it ought to be pardo-
ned."
"True," said the curate; "and for that reason
let its life be spared for the present. Let us see
that other which is next to it."
 "It is," said the barber, "the 'Sergas de Es-
plandian,' the lawful son of
Amadis of Gaul."
"Then verily," said the curate, "the merit of
the father must not be put down to the account
of the son. Take it, mistress housekeeper; open
the window and fling it into the yard and lay
the foundation of the pile for the bonfire we are
to make."
The housekeeper obeyed with great satisfac-
tion, and the worthy "Esplandian" went flying
into the yard to await with all patience the fire
that was in store for him.
"Proceed," said the curate.
"This that comes next," said the barber, "is
'Amadis of Greece,' and, indeed, I believe all
those on this side are of the same Amadis li-
neage."
"Then to the yard with the whole of them,"
said the curate; "for to have the burning of
Queen Pintiquiniestra, and the shepherd Dari-
nel and his eclogues, and the bedevilled and
involved discourses of his author, I would burn
with them the father who begot me if he were
going about in the guise of a knight-errant."
"I am of the same mind," said the barber.
"And so am I," added the niece.
"In that case," said the housekeeper, "here,
into the yard with them!"
They were handed to her, and as there were
many of them, she spared herself the staircase,
and flung them down out of the window.
"Who is that tub there?" said the curate.
"This," said the barber, "is 'Don Olivante de
Laura.'"
"The author of that book," said the curate,
"was the same that wrote 'The Garden of Flo-
wers,' and truly there is no deciding which of
the two books is the more truthful, or, to put it
better, the less lying; all I can say is, send this
one into the yard for a swaggering fool."
"This that follows is 'Florismarte of Hirca-
nia,'" said the barber.
 "Senor Florismarte here?" said the curate;
"then by my faith he must take up his quarters
in the yard, in spite of his marvellous birth and
visionary adventures, for the stiffness and dry-
ness of his style deserve nothing else; into the
yard with him and the other, mistress house-
keeper."
"With all my heart, senor," said she, and exe-
cuted the order with great delight.
"This," said the barber, "is The Knight Pla-
tir.'"
"An old book that," said the curate, "but I
find no reason for clemency in it; send it after
the others without appeal;" which was done.
Another book was opened, and they saw it
was entitled, "The Knight of the
Cross."
"For the sake of the holy name this book
has," said the curate, "its ignorance might be
excused; but then, they say, 'behind the cross
there's the devil; to the fire with it."
 Taking down another book, the barber said,
"This is 'The Mirror of
Chivalry.'"
"I know his worship," said the curate; "that is
where Senor Reinaldos of Montalvan figures
with his friends and comrades, greater thieves
than Cacus, and the Twelve Peers of France
with the veracious historian Turpin; however, I
am not for condemning them to more than per-
petual banishment, because, at any rate, they
have some share in the invention of the famous
Matteo Boiardo, whence too the Christian poet
Ludovico Ariosto wove his web, to whom, if I
find him here, and speaking any language but
his own, I shall show no respect whatever; but
if he speaks his own tongue I will put him upon
my head."
"Well, I have him in Italian," said the barber,
"but I do not understand him."
"Nor would it be well that you should un-
derstand him," said the curate, "and on that
score we might have excused the Captain if he
had not brought him into Spain and turned him
into Castilian. He robbed him of a great deal of
his natural force, and so do all those who try to
turn books written in verse into another lan-
guage, for, with all the pains they take and all
the cleverness they show, they never can reach
the level of the originals as they were first pro-
duced. In short, I say that this book, and all that
may be found treating of those French affairs,
should be thrown into or deposited in some dry
well, until after more consideration it is settled
what is to be done with them; excepting always
one 'Bernardo del Carpio' that is going about,
and another called 'Roncesvalles;' for these, if
they come into my hands, shall pass at once
into those of the housekeeper, and from hers
into the fire without any reprieve."
To all this the barber gave his assent, and
looked upon it as right and proper, being per-
suaded that the curate was so staunch to the
Faith and loyal to the Truth that he would not
for the world say anything opposed to them.
Opening another book he saw it was "Palmerin
de Oliva," and beside it was another called
"Palmerin of England," seeing which the licen-
tiate said, "Let the Olive be made firewood of at
once and burned until no ashes even are left;
and let that Palm of England be kept and pre-
served as a thing that stands alone, and let such
another case be made for it as that which
Alexander found among the spoils of Darius
and set aside for the safe keeping of the works
of the poet Homer. This book, gossip, is of aut-
hority for two reasons, first because it is very
good, and secondly because it is said to have
been written by a wise and witty king of Portu-
gal. All the adventures at the Castle of Mira-
guarda are excellent and of admirable contri-
vance, and the language is polished and clear,
studying and observing the style befitting the
speaker with propriety and judgment. So then,
provided it seems good to you, Master Nicho-
las, I say let this and 'Amadis of Gaul' be remit-
ted the penalty of fire, and as for all the rest, let
them perish without further question or query."
"Nay, gossip," said the barber, "for this that I
have here is the famous
'Don Belianis.'"
"Well," said the curate, "that and the second,
third, and fourth parts all stand in need of a
little rhubarb to purge their excess of bile, and
they must be cleared of all that stuff about the
Castle of Fame and other greater affectations, to
which end let them be allowed the over-seas
term, and, according as they mend, so shall
mercy or justice be meted out to them; and in
the mean time, gossip, do you keep them in
your house and let no one read them."
"With all my heart," said the barber; and not
caring to tire himself with reading more books
of chivalry, he told the housekeeper to take all
the big ones and throw them into the yard. It
was not said to one dull or deaf, but to one who
enjoyed burning them more than weaving the
broadest and finest web that could be; and sei-
zing about eight at a time, she flung them out
of the window.
In carrying so many together she let one fall
at the feet of the barber, who took it up, curious
to know whose it was, and found it said, "His-
tory of the Famous Knight, Tirante el Blanco."
"God bless me!" said the curate with a shout,
"'Tirante el Blanco' here! Hand it over, gossip,
for in it I reckon I have found a treasury of en-
joyment and a mine of recreation. Here is Don
Kyrieleison of Montalvan, a valiant knight, and
his brother Thomas of Montalvan, and the
knight Fonseca, with the battle the bold Tirante
fought with the mastiff, and the witticisms of
the damsel Placerdemivida, and the loves and
wiles of the widow Reposada, and the empress
in love with the squire Hipolito—in truth, gos-
sip, by right of its style it is the best book in the
world. Here knights eat and sleep, and die in
their beds, and make their wills before dying,
and a great deal more of which there is nothing
in all the other books. Nevertheless, I say he
who wrote it, for deliberately composing such
fooleries, deserves to be sent to the galleys for
life. Take it home with you and read it, and you
will see that what I have said is true."
"As you will," said the barber; "but what are
we to do with these little books that are left?"
"These must be, not chivalry, but poetry,"
said the curate; and opening one he saw it was
the "Diana" of Jorge de Montemayor, and, sup-
posing all the others to be of the same sort,
"these," he said, "do not deserve to be burned
like the others, for they neither do nor can do
the mischief the books of chivalry have done,
being books of entertainment that can hurt no
one."
"Ah, senor!" said the niece, "your worship
had better order these to be burned as well as
the others; for it would be no wonder if, after
being cured of his chivalry disorder, my uncle,
by reading these, took a fancy to turn shepherd
and range the woods and fields singing and
piping; or, what would be still worse, to turn
poet, which they say is an incurable and infec-
tious malady."
"The damsel is right," said the curate, "and it
will be well to put this stumbling-block and
temptation out of our friend's way. To begin,
then, with the 'Diana' of Montemayor. I am of
opinion it should not be burned, but that it
should be cleared of all that about the sage Feli-
cia and the magic water, and of almost all the
longer pieces of verse: let it keep, and welcome,
its prose and the honour of being the first of
books of the kind."
"This that comes next," said the barber, "is
the 'Diana,' entitled the 'Second Part, by the
Salamancan,' and this other has the same title,
and its author is Gil Polo."
"As for that of the Salamancan," replied the
curate, "let it go to swell the number of the
condemned in the yard, and let Gil Polo's be
preserved as if it came from Apollo himself: but
get on, gossip, and make haste, for it is growing
late."
 "This book," said the barber, opening anot-
her, "is the ten books of the
'Fortune of Love,' written by Antonio de Lofra-
so, a Sardinian poet."
"By the orders I have received," said the cu-
rate, "since Apollo has been Apollo, and the
Muses have been Muses, and poets have been
poets, so droll and absurd a book as this has
never been written, and in its way it is the best
and the most singular of all of this species that
have as yet appeared, and he who has not read
it may be sure he has never read what is de-
lightful. Give it here, gossip, for I make more
account of having found it than if they had gi-
ven me a cassock of Florence stuff."
He put it aside with extreme satisfaction,
and the barber went on, "These that come next
are 'The Shepherd of Iberia,' 'Nymphs of Hena-
res,' and 'The Enlightenment of Jealousy.'"
"Then all we have to do," said the curate, "is
to hand them over to the secular arm of the
housekeeper, and ask me not why, or we shall
never have done."
"This next is the 'Pastor de Filida.'"
"No Pastor that," said the curate, "but a high-
ly polished courtier; let it be preserved as a pre-
cious jewel."
"This large one here," said the barber, "is ca-
lled 'The Treasury of various Poems.'"
"If there were not so many of them," said the
curate, "they would be more relished: this book
must be weeded and cleansed of certain vulga-
rities which it has with its excellences; let it be
preserved because the author is a friend of mi-
ne, and out of respect for other more heroic and
loftier works that he has written."
"This," continued the barber, "is the 'Cancio-
nero' of Lopez de
Maldonado."
"The author of that book, too," said the cura-
te, "is a great friend of mine, and his verses
from his own mouth are the admiration of all
who hear them, for such is the sweetness of his
voice that he enchants when he chants them: it
gives rather too much of its eclogues, but what
is good was never yet plentiful: let it be kept
with those that have been set apart. But what
book is that next it?"
"The 'Galatea' of Miguel de Cervantes," said
the barber.
"That Cervantes has been for many years a
great friend of mine, and to my knowledge he
has had more experience in reverses than in
verses. His book has some good invention in it,
it presents us with something but brings not-
hing to a conclusion: we must wait for the Se-
cond Part it promises: perhaps with amend-
ment it may succeed in winning the full measu-
re of grace that is now denied it; and in the me-
an time do you, senor gossip, keep it shut up in
your own quarters."
"Very good," said the barber; "and here come
three together, the
'Araucana' of Don Alonso de Ercilla, the 'Aus-
triada' of Juan Rufo,
Justice of Cordova, and the 'Montserrate' of
Christobal de Virues, the
Valencian poet."
"These three books," said the curate, "are the
best that have been written in Castilian in
heroic verse, and they may compare with the
most famous of Italy; let them be preserved as
the richest treasures of poetry that Spain pos-
sesses."
The curate was tired and would not look in-
to any more books, and so he decided that,
"contents uncertified," all the rest should be
burned; but just then the barber held open one,
called "The Tears of Angelica."
"I should have shed tears myself," said the
curate when he heard the title, "had I ordered
that book to be burned, for its author was one
of the famous poets of the world, not to say of
Spain, and was very happy in the translation of
some of Ovid's fables."
 CHAPTER VII.

OF THE SECOND SALLY OF OUR

WORTHY KNIGHT DON QUIXOTE
OF LA MANCHA

At this instant Don Quixote began shouting

out, "Here, here, valiant knights! here is need
for you to put forth the might of your strong
arms, for they of the Court are gaining the mas-
tery in the tourney!" Called away by this noise
and outcry, they proceeded no farther with the
scrutiny of the remaining books, and so it is
thought that "The Carolea," "The Lion of Spain,"
and "The Deeds of the Emperor," written by
Don Luis de Avila, went to the fire unseen and
unheard; for no doubt they were among those
that remained, and perhaps if the curate had
seen them they would not have undergone so
severe a sentence.
When they reached Don Quixote he was al-
ready out of bed, and was still shouting and
raving, and slashing and cutting all round, as
wide awake as if he had never slept.
They closed with him and by force got him
back to bed, and when he had become a little
calm, addressing the curate, he said to him, "Of
a truth, Senor Archbishop Turpin, it is a great
disgrace for us who call ourselves the Twelve
Peers, so carelessly to allow the knights of the
Court to gain the victory in this tourney, we the
adventurers having carried off the honour on
the three former days."
"Hush, gossip," said the curate; "please God,
the luck may turn, and what is lost to-day may
be won to-morrow; for the present let your
worship have a care of your health, for it seems
to me that you are over-fatigued, if not badly
wounded."
 "Wounded no," said Don Quixote, "but brui-
sed and battered no doubt, for that bastard Don
Roland has cudgelled me with the trunk of an
oak tree, and all for envy, because he sees that I
alone rival him in his achievements. But I
should not call myself Reinaldos of Montalvan
did he not pay me for it in spite of all his en-
chantments as soon as I rise from this bed. For
the present let them bring me something to eat,
for that, I feel, is what will be more to my pur-
pose, and leave it to me to avenge myself."
They did as he wished; they gave him so-
mething to eat, and once more he fell asleep,
leaving them marvelling at his madness.
That night the housekeeper burned to ashes
all the books that were in the yard and in the
whole house; and some must have been con-
sumed that deserved preservation in everlas-
ting archives, but their fate and the laziness of
the examiner did not permit it, and so in them
was verified the proverb that the innocent suf-
fer for the guilty.
 One of the remedies which the curate and
the barber immediately applied to their friend's
disorder was to wall up and plaster the room
where the books were, so that when he got up
he should not find them (possibly the cause
being removed the effect might cease), and they
might say that a magician had carried them off,
room and all; and this was done with all des-
patch. Two days later Don Quixote got up, and
the first thing he did was to go and look at his
books, and not finding the room where he had
left it, he wandered from side to side looking
for it. He came to the place where the door
used to be, and tried it with his hands, and tur-
ned and twisted his eyes in every direction
without saying a word; but after a good while
he asked his housekeeper whereabouts was the
room that held his books.
The housekeeper, who had been already
well instructed in what she was to answer, said,
"What room or what nothing is it that your
worship is looking for? There are neither room
nor books in this house now, for the devil him-
self has carried all away."
"It was not the devil," said the niece, "but a
magician who came on a cloud one night after
the day your worship left this, and dismoun-
ting from a serpent that he rode he entered the
room, and what he did there I know not, but
after a little while he made off, flying through
the roof, and left the house full of smoke; and
when we went to see what he had done we saw
neither book nor room: but we remember very
well, the housekeeper and I, that on leaving,
the old villain said in a loud voice that, for a
private grudge he owed the owner of the books
and the room, he had done mischief in that
house that would be discovered by-and-by: he
said too that his name was the Sage Munaton."
"He must have said Friston," said Don
Quixote.
"I don't know whether he called himself Fris-
ton or Friton," said the housekeeper, "I only
know that his name ended with 'ton.'"
 "So it does," said Don Quixote, "and he is a
sage magician, a great enemy of mine, who has
a spite against me because he knows by his arts
and lore that in process of time I am to engage
in single combat with a knight whom he be-
friends and that I am to conquer, and he will be
unable to prevent it; and for this reason he en-
deavours to do me all the ill turns that he can;
but I promise him it will be hard for him to
oppose or avoid what is decreed by Heaven."
"Who doubts that?" said the niece; "but, un-
cle, who mixes you up in these quarrels?
Would it not be better to remain at peace in
your own house instead of roaming the world
looking for better bread than ever came of
wheat, never reflecting that many go for wool
and come back shorn?"
"Oh, niece of mine," replied Don Quixote,
"how much astray art thou in thy reckoning:
ere they shear me I shall have plucked away
and stripped off the beards of all who dare to
touch only the tip of a hair of mine."
 The two were unwilling to make any further
answer, as they saw that his anger was kind-
ling.
In short, then, he remained at home fifteen
days very quietly without showing any signs of
a desire to take up with his former delusions,
and during this time he held lively discussions
with his two gossips, the curate and the barber,
on the point he maintained, that knights-errant
were what the world stood most in need of,
and that in him was to be accomplished the
revival of knight-errantry. The curate someti-
mes contradicted him, sometimes agreed with
him, for if he had not observed this precaution
he would have been unable to bring him to
reason.
Meanwhile Don Quixote worked upon a
farm labourer, a neighbour of his, an honest
man (if indeed that title can be given to him
who is poor), but with very little wit in his pate.
In a word, he so talked him over, and with such
persuasions and promises, that the poor clown
made up his mind to sally forth with him and
serve him as esquire. Don Quixote, among ot-
her things, told him he ought to be ready to go
with him gladly, because any moment an ad-
venture might occur that might win an island
in the twinkling of an eye and leave him gover-
nor of it. On these and the like promises Sancho
Panza (for so the labourer was called) left wife
and children, and engaged himself as esquire to
his neighbour.
Don Quixote next set about getting some
money; and selling one thing and pawning
another, and making a bad bargain in every
case, he got together a fair sum. He provided
himself with a buckler, which he begged as a
loan from a friend, and, restoring his battered
helmet as best he could, he warned his squire
Sancho of the day and hour he meant to set out,
that he might provide himself with what he
thought most needful. Above all, he charged
him to take alforjas with him. The other said he
would, and that he meant to take also a very
good ass he had, as he was not much given to
going on foot. About the ass, Don Quixote hesi-
tated a little, trying whether he could call to
mind any knight-errant taking with him an
esquire mounted on ass-back, but no instance
occurred to his memory. For all that, however,
he determined to take him, intending to furnish
him with a more honourable mount when a
chance of it presented itself, by appropriating
the horse of the first discourteous knight he
encountered. Himself he provided with shirts
and such other things as he could, according to
the advice the host had given him; all which
being done, without taking leave, Sancho Panza
of his wife and children, or Don Quixote of his
housekeeper and niece, they sallied forth unse-
en by anybody from the village one night, and
made such good way in the course of it that by
daylight they held themselves safe from disco-
very, even should search be made for them.
Sancho rode on his ass like a patriarch, with
his alforjas and bota, and longing to see himself
soon governor of the island his master had
promised him. Don Quixote decided upon ta-
king the same route and road he had taken on
his first journey, that over the Campo de Mon-
tiel, which he travelled with less discomfort
than on the last occasion, for, as it was early
morning and the rays of the sun fell on them
obliquely, the heat did not distress them.
And now said Sancho Panza to his master,
"Your worship will take care, Senor Knight-
errant, not to forget about the island you have
promised me, for be it ever so big I'll be equal
to governing it."
To which Don Quixote replied, "Thou must
know, friend Sancho Panza, that it was a practi-
ce very much in vogue with the knights-errant
of old to make their squires governors of the
islands or kingdoms they won, and I am de-
termined that there shall be no failure on my
part in so liberal a custom; on the contrary, I
mean to improve upon it, for they sometimes,
and perhaps most frequently, waited until their
squires were old, and then when they had had
enough of service and hard days and worse
nights, they gave them some title or other, of
count, or at the most marquis, of some valley or
province more or less; but if thou livest and I
live, it may well be that before six days are
over, I may have won some kingdom that has
others dependent upon it, which will be just the
thing to enable thee to be crowned king of one
of them. Nor needst thou count this wonderful,
for things and chances fall to the lot of such
knights in ways so unexampled and unexpec-
ted that I might easily give thee even more than
I promise thee."
"In that case," said Sancho Panza, "if I should
become a king by one of those miracles your
worship speaks of, even Juana Gutierrez, my
old woman, would come to be queen and my
children infantes."
"Well, who doubts it?" said Don Quixote.
"I doubt it," replied Sancho Panza, "because
for my part I am persuaded that though God
should shower down kingdoms upon earth, not
one of them would fit the head of Mari Gutie-
rrez. Let me tell you, senor, she is not worth
two maravedis for a queen; countess will fit her
better, and that only with God's help."
"Leave it to God, Sancho," returned Don
Quixote, "for he will give her what suits her
best; but do not undervalue thyself so much as
to come to be content with anything less than
being governor of a province."
"I will not, senor," answered Sancho, "specia-
lly as I have a man of such quality for a master
in your worship, who will know how to give
me all that will be suitable for me and that I can
bear."
 CHAPTER VIII.

OF THE GOOD FORTUNE WHICH

THE VALIANT DON QUIXOTE HAD
IN THE TERRIBLE AND UNDREAMT-
OF ADVENTURE OF THE WIND-
MILLS, WITH OTHER OCCURREN-
CES WORTHY TO BE FITLY RECOR-
DED

At this point they came in sight of thirty for-

ty windmills that there are on plain, and as
soon as Don Quixote saw them he said to his
squire, "Fortune is arranging matters for us
better than we could have shaped our desires
ourselves, for look there, friend Sancho Panza,
where thirty or more monstrous giants present
themselves, all of whom I mean to engage in
battle and slay, and with whose spoils we shall
begin to make our fortunes; for this is righteous
warfare, and it is God's good service to sweep
so evil a breed from off the face of the earth."
"What giants?" said Sancho Panza.
"Those thou seest there," answered his mas-
ter, "with the long arms, and some have them
nearly two leagues long."
"Look, your worship," said Sancho; "what
we see there are not giants but windmills, and
what seem to be their arms are the sails that
turned by the wind make the millstone go."
"It is easy to see," replied Don Quixote, "that
thou art not used to this business of adventu-
res; those are giants; and if thou art afraid,
away with thee out of this and betake thyself to
prayer while I engage them in fierce and une-
qual combat."
So saying, he gave the spur to his steed Ro-
cinante, heedless of the cries his squire Sancho
sent after him, warning him that most certainly
they were windmills and not giants he was
going to attack. He, however, was so positive
they were giants that he neither heard the cries
of Sancho, nor perceived, near as he was, what
they were, but made at them shouting, "Fly not,
cowards and vile beings, for a single knight
attacks you."
A slight breeze at this moment sprang up,
and the great sails began to move, seeing which
Don Quixote exclaimed, "Though ye flourish
more arms than the giant Briareus, ye have to
reckon with me."
So saying, and commending himself with all
his heart to his lady Dulcinea, imploring her to
support him in such a peril, with lance in rest
and covered by his buckler, he charged at Roci-
nante's fullest gallop and fell upon the first mill
that stood in front of him; but as he drove his
lance-point into the sail the wind whirled it
round with such force that it shivered the lance
to pieces, sweeping with it horse and rider,
who went rolling over on the plain, in a sorry
condition. Sancho hastened to his assistance as
fast as his ass could go, and when he came up
found him unable to move, with such a shock
had Rocinante fallen with him.
"God bless me!" said Sancho, "did I not tell
your worship to mind what you were about,
for they were only windmills? and no one
could have made any mistake about it but one
who had something of the same kind in his
head."
"Hush, friend Sancho," replied Don Quixote,
"the fortunes of war more than any other are
liable to frequent fluctuations; and moreover I
think, and it is the truth, that that same sage
Friston who carried off my study and books,
has turned these giants into mills in order to
rob me of the glory of vanquishing them, such
is the enmity he bears me; but in the end his
wicked arts will avail but little against my good
sword."
"God order it as he may," said Sancho Panza,
and helping him to rise got him up again on
Rocinante, whose shoulder was half out; and
then, discussing the late adventure, they follo-
wed the road to Puerto Lapice, for there, said
Don Quixote, they could not fail to find adven-
tures in abundance and variety, as it was a gre-
at thoroughfare. For all that, he was much grie-
ved at the loss of his lance, and saying so to his
squire, he added, "I remember having read how
a Spanish knight, Diego Perez de Vargas by
name, having broken his sword in battle, tore
from an oak a ponderous bough or branch, and
with it did such things that day, and pounded
so many Moors, that he got the surname of Ma-
chuca, and he and his descendants from that
day forth were called Vargas y Machuca. I
mention this because from the first oak I see I
mean to rend such another branch, large and
stout like that, with which I am determined and
resolved to do such deeds that thou mayest
deem thyself very fortunate in being found
worthy to come and see them, and be an eye-
witness of things that will with difficulty be
believed."
 "Be that as God will," said Sancho, "I believe
it all as your worship says it; but straighten
yourself a little, for you seem all on one side,
may be from the shaking of the fall."
"That is the truth," said Don Quixote, "and if
I make no complaint of the pain it is because
knights-errant are not permitted to complain of
any wound, even though their bowels be co-
ming out through it."
"If so," said Sancho, "I have nothing to say;
but God knows I would rather your worship
complained when anything ailed you. For my
part, I confess I must complain however small
the ache may be; unless this rule about not
complaining extends to the squires of knights-
errant also."
Don Quixote could not help laughing at his
squire's simplicity, and he assured him he
might complain whenever and however he
chose, just as he liked, for, so far, he had never
read of anything to the contrary in the order of
knighthood.
 Sancho bade him remember it was dinner-
time, to which his master answered that he
wanted nothing himself just then, but that he
might eat when he had a mind. With this per-
mission Sancho settled himself as comfortably
as he could on his beast, and taking out of the
alforjas what he had stowed away in them, he
jogged along behind his master munching deli-
berately, and from time to time taking a pull at
the bota with a relish that the thirstiest tapster
in Malaga might have envied; and while he
went on in this way, gulping down draught
after draught, he never gave a thought to any of
the promises his master had made him, nor did
he rate it as hardship but rather as recreation
going in quest of adventures, however dange-
rous they might be. Finally they passed the
night among some trees, from one of which
Don Quixote plucked a dry branch to serve him
after a fashion as a lance, and fixed on it the
head he had removed from the broken one. All
that night Don Quixote lay awake thinking of
his lady Dulcinea, in order to conform to what
he had read in his books, how many a night in
the forests and deserts knights used to lie slee-
pless supported by the memory of their mis-
tresses. Not so did Sancho Panza spend it, for
having his stomach full of something stronger
than chicory water he made but one sleep of it,
and, if his master had not called him, neither
the rays of the sun beating on his face nor all
the cheery notes of the birds welcoming the
approach of day would have had power to wa-
ken him. On getting up he tried the bota and
found it somewhat less full than the night befo-
re, which grieved his heart because they did
not seem to be on the way to remedy the defi-
ciency readily. Don Quixote did not care to
break his fast, for, as has been already said, he
confined himself to savoury recollections for
nourishment.
They returned to the road they had set out
with, leading to Puerto Lapice, and at three in
the afternoon they came in sight of it. "Here,
brother Sancho Panza," said Don Quixote when
he saw it, "we may plunge our hands up to the
elbows in what they call adventures; but obser-
ve, even shouldst thou see me in the greatest
danger in the world, thou must not put a hand
to thy sword in my defence, unless indeed thou
perceivest that those who assail me are rabble
or base folk; for in that case thou mayest very
properly aid me; but if they be knights it is on
no account permitted or allowed thee by the
laws of knighthood to help me until thou hast
been dubbed a knight."
"Most certainly, senor," replied Sancho,
"your worship shall be fully obeyed in this mat-
ter; all the more as of myself I am peaceful and
no friend to mixing in strife and quarrels: it is
true that as regards the defence of my own per-
son I shall not give much heed to those laws,
for laws human and divine allow each one to
defend himself against any assailant whatever."
 "That I grant," said Don Quixote, "but in this
matter of aiding me against knights thou must
put a restraint upon thy natural impetuosity."
"I will do so, I promise you," answered San-
cho, "and will keep this precept as carefully as
Sunday."
While they were thus talking there appeared
on the road two friars of the order of St. Bene-
dict, mounted on two dromedaries, for not less
tall were the two mules they rode on. They wo-
re travelling spectacles and carried sunshades;
and behind them came a coach attended by
four or five persons on horseback and two mu-
leteers on foot. In the coach there was, as after-
wards appeared, a Biscay lady on her way to
Seville, where her husband was about to take
passage for the Indies with an appointment of
high honour. The friars, though going the same
road, were not in her company; but the mo-
ment Don Quixote perceived them he said to
his squire, "Either I am mistaken, or this is
going to be the most famous adventure that has
ever been seen, for those black bodies we see
there must be, and doubtless are, magicians
who are carrying off some stolen princess in
that coach, and with all my might I must undo
this wrong."
"This will be worse than the windmills," said
Sancho. "Look, senor; those are friars of St. Be-
nedict, and the coach plainly belongs to some
travellers: I tell you to mind well what you are
about and don't let the devil mislead you."
"I have told thee already, Sancho," replied
Don Quixote, "that on the subject of adventures
thou knowest little. What I say is the truth, as
thou shalt see presently."
So saying, he advanced and posted himself
in the middle of the road along which the friars
were coming, and as soon as he thought they
had come near enough to hear what he said, he
cried aloud, "Devilish and unnatural beings,
release instantly the highborn princesses whom
you are carrying off by force in this coach, else
prepare to meet a speedy death as the just pu-
nishment of your evil deeds."
The friars drew rein and stood wondering at
the appearance of Don Quixote as well as at his
words, to which they replied, "Senor Caballero,
we are not devilish or unnatural, but two brot-
hers of St. Benedict following our road, nor do
we know whether or not there are any captive
princesses coming in this coach."
"No soft words with me, for I know you,
lying rabble," said Don Quixote, and without
waiting for a reply he spurred Rocinante and
with levelled lance charged the first friar with
such fury and determination, that, if the friar
had not flung himself off the mule, he would
have brought him to the ground against his
will, and sore wounded, if not killed outright.
The second brother, seeing how his comrade
was treated, drove his heels into his castle of a
mule and made off across the country faster
than the wind.
 Sancho Panza, when he saw the friar on the
ground, dismounting briskly from his ass, rus-
hed towards him and began to strip off his
gown. At that instant the friars muleteers came
up and asked what he was stripping him for.
Sancho answered them that this fell to him law-
fully as spoil of the battle which his lord Don
Quixote had won. The muleteers, who had no
idea of a joke and did not understand all this
about battles and spoils, seeing that Don
Quixote was some distance off talking to the
travellers in the coach, fell upon Sancho, knoc-
ked him down, and leaving hardly a hair in his
beard, belaboured him with kicks and left him
stretched breathless and senseless on the
ground; and without any more delay helped
the friar to mount, who, trembling, terrified,
and pale, as soon as he found himself in the
saddle, spurred after his companion, who was
standing at a distance looking on, watching the
result of the onslaught; then, not caring to wait
for the end of the affair just begun, they pur-
sued their journey making more crosses than if
they had the devil after them.
Don Quixote was, as has been said, speaking
to the lady in the coach: "Your beauty, lady
mine," said he, "may now dispose of your per-
son as may be most in accordance with your
pleasure, for the pride of your ravishers lies
prostrate on the ground through this strong
arm of mine; and lest you should be pining to
know the name of your deliverer, know that I
am called Don Quixote of La Mancha, knight-
errant and adventurer, and captive to the peer-
less and beautiful lady Dulcinea del Toboso:
and in return for the service you have received
of me I ask no more than that you should re-
turn to El Toboso, and on my behalf present
yourself before that lady and tell her what I
have done to set you free."
One of the squires in attendance upon the
coach, a Biscayan, was listening to all Don
Quixote was saying, and, perceiving that he
would not allow the coach to go on, but was
saying it must return at once to El Toboso, he
made at him, and seizing his lance addressed
him in bad Castilian and worse Biscayan after
his fashion, "Begone, caballero, and ill go with
thee; by the God that made me, unless thou
quittest coach, slayest thee as art here a Bisca-
yan."
Don Quixote understood him quite well,
and answered him very quietly, "If thou wert a
knight, as thou art none, I should have already
chastised thy folly and rashness, miserable
creature." To which the Biscayan returned, "I no
gentleman!—I swear to God thou liest as I am
Christian: if thou droppest lance and drawest
sword, soon shalt thou see thou art carrying
water to the cat: Biscayan on land, hidalgo at
sea, hidalgo at the devil, and look, if thou sa-
yest otherwise thou liest."
"'"You will see presently," said Agrajes,'" re-
plied Don Quixote; and throwing his lance on
the ground he drew his sword, braced his buc-
kler on his arm, and attacked the Biscayan, bent
upon taking his life.
The Biscayan, when he saw him coming on,
though he wished to dismount from his mule,
in which, being one of those sorry ones let out
for hire, he had no confidence, had no choice
but to draw his sword; it was lucky for him,
however, that he was near the coach, from
which he was able to snatch a cushion that ser-
ved him for a shield; and they went at one
another as if they had been two mortal ene-
mies. The others strove to make peace between
them, but could not, for the Biscayan declared
in his disjointed phrase that if they did not let
him finish his battle he would kill his mistress
and everyone that strove to prevent him. The
lady in the coach, amazed and terrified at what
she saw, ordered the coachman to draw aside a
little, and set herself to watch this severe strug-
gle, in the course of which the Biscayan smote
Don Quixote a mighty stroke on the shoulder
over the top of his buckler, which, given to one
without armour, would have cleft him to the
waist. Don Quixote, feeling the weight of this
prodigious blow, cried aloud, saying, "O lady
of my soul, Dulcinea, flower of beauty, come to
the aid of this your knight, who, in fulfilling his
obligations to your beauty, finds himself in this
extreme peril." To say this, to lift his sword, to
shelter himself well behind his buckler, and to
assail the Biscayan was the work of an instant,
determined as he was to venture all upon a
single blow. The Biscayan, seeing him come on
in this way, was convinced of his courage by
his spirited bearing, and resolved to follow his
example, so he waited for him keeping well
under cover of his cushion, being unable to
execute any sort of manoeuvre with his mule,
which, dead tired and never meant for this kind
of game, could not stir a step.
On, then, as aforesaid, came Don Quixote
against the wary Biscayan, with uplifted sword
and a firm intention of splitting him in half,
while on his side the Biscayan waited for him
sword in hand, and under the protection of his
cushion; and all present stood trembling, wai-
ting in suspense the result of blows such as
threatened to fall, and the lady in the coach and
the rest of her following were making a thou-
sand vows and offerings to all the images and
shrines of Spain, that God might deliver her
squire and all of them from this great peril in
which they found themselves. But it spoils all,
that at this point and crisis the author of the
history leaves this battle impending, giving as
excuse that he could find nothing more written
about these achievements of Don Quixote than
what has been already set forth. It is true the
second author of this work was unwilling to
believe that a history so curious could have
been allowed to fall under the sentence of obli-
vion, or that the wits of La Mancha could have
been so undiscerning as not to preserve in their
archives or registries some documents referring
to this famous knight; and this being his per-
suasion, he did not despair of finding the con-
clusion of this pleasant history, which, heaven
favouring him, he did find in a way that shall
be related in the Second Part.

CHAPTER IX.

IN WHICH IS CONCLUDED AND

FINISHED THE TERRIFIC BATTLE
BETWEEN THE GALLANT BISCAYAN
AND THE VALIANT MANCHEGAN
In the First Part of this history we left the va-
liant Biscayan and the renowned Don Quixote
with drawn swords uplifted, ready to deliver
two such furious slashing blows that if they
had fallen full and fair they would at least have
split and cleft them asunder from top to toe and
laid them open like a pomegranate; and at this
so critical point the delightful history came to a
stop and stood cut short without any intima-
tion from the author where what was missing
was to be found.
This distressed me greatly, because the plea-
sure derived from having read such a small
portion turned to vexation at the thought of the
poor chance that presented itself of finding the
large part that, so it seemed to me, was missing
of such an interesting tale. It appeared to me to
be a thing impossible and contrary to all prece-
dent that so good a knight should have been
without some sage to undertake the task of
writing his marvellous achievements; a thing
that was never wanting to any of those knights-
errant who, they say, went after adventures; for
every one of them had one or two sages as if
made on purpose, who not only recorded their
deeds but described their most trifling thoughts
and follies, however secret they might be; and
such a good knight could not have been so un-
fortunate as not to have what Platir and others
like him had in abundance. And so I could not
bring myself to believe that such a gallant tale
had been left maimed and mutilated, and I laid
the blame on Time, the devourer and destroyer
of all things, that had either concealed or con-
sumed it.
On the other hand, it struck me that, inas-
much as among his books there had been found
such modern ones as "The Enlightenment of
Jealousy" and the "Nymphs and Shepherds of
Henares," his story must likewise be modern,
and that though it might not be written, it
might exist in the memory of the people of his
village and of those in the neighbourhood. This
reflection kept me perplexed and longing to
know really and truly the whole life and won-
drous deeds of our famous Spaniard, Don
Quixote of La Mancha, light and mirror of
Manchegan chivalry, and the first that in our
age and in these so evil days devoted himself to
the labour and exercise of the arms of knight-
errantry, righting wrongs, succouring widows,
and protecting damsels of that sort that used to
ride about, whip in hand, on their palfreys,
with all their virginity about them, from moun-
tain to mountain and valley to valley—for, if it
were not for some ruffian, or boor with a hood
and hatchet, or monstrous giant, that forced
them, there were in days of yore damsels that
at the end of eighty years, in all which time
they had never slept a day under a roof, went
to their graves as much maids as the mothers
that bore them. I say, then, that in these and
other respects our gallant Don Quixote is wort-
hy of everlasting and notable praise, nor should
it be withheld even from me for the labour and
pains spent in searching for the conclusion of
this delightful history; though I know well that
if Heaven, chance and good fortune had not
helped me, the world would have remained
deprived of an entertainment and pleasure that
for a couple of hours or so may well occupy
him who shall read it attentively. The discovery
of it occurred in this way.
 One day, as I was in the Alcana of Toledo, a
boy came up to sell some pamphlets and old
papers to a silk mercer, and, as I am fond of
reading even the very scraps of paper in the
streets, led by this natural bent of mine I took
up one of the pamphlets the boy had for sale,
and saw that it was in characters which I re-
cognised as Arabic, and as I was unable to read
them though I could recognise them, I looked
about to see if there were any Spanish-speaking
Morisco at hand to read them for me; nor was
there any great difficulty in finding such an
interpreter, for even had I sought one for an
older and better language I should have found
him. In short, chance provided me with one,
who when I told him what I wanted and put
the book into his hands, opened it in the middle
and after reading a little in it began to laugh. I
asked him what he was laughing at, and he
replied that it was at something the book had
written in the margin by way of a note. I bade
him tell it to me; and he still laughing said, "In
the margin, as I told you, this is written: 'This
Dulcinea del Toboso so often mentioned in this
history, had, they say, the best hand of any
woman in all La Mancha for salting pigs.'"
When I heard Dulcinea del Toboso named, I
was struck with surprise and amazement, for it
occurred to me at once that these pamphlets
contained the history of Don Quixote. With this
idea I pressed him to read the beginning, and
doing so, turning the Arabic offhand into Casti-
lian, he told me it meant, "History of Don
Quixote of La Mancha, written by Cide Hamete
Benengeli, an Arab historian." It required great
caution to hide the joy I felt when the title of
the book reached my ears, and snatching it
from the silk mercer, I bought all the papers
and pamphlets from the boy for half a real; and
if he had had his wits about him and had
known how eager I was for them, he might
have safely calculated on making more than six
reals by the bargain. I withdrew at once with
the Morisco into the cloister of the cathedral,
and begged him to turn all these pamphlets
that related to Don Quixote into the Castilian
tongue, without omitting or adding anything to
them, offering him whatever payment he plea-
sed. He was satisfied with two arrobas of rai-
sins and two bushels of wheat, and promised to
translate them faithfully and with all despatch;
but to make the matter easier, and not to let
such a precious find out of my hands, I took
him to my house, where in little more than a
month and a half he translated the whole just
as it is set down here.
In the first pamphlet the battle between Don
Quixote and the Biscayan was drawn to the
very life, they planted in the same attitude as
the history describes, their swords raised, and
the one protected by his buckler, the other by
his cushion, and the Biscayan's mule so true to
nature that it could be seen to be a hired one a
bowshot off. The Biscayan had an inscription
under his feet which said, "Don Sancho de Az-
peitia," which no doubt must have been his
name; and at the feet of Rocinante was another
that said, "Don Quixote." Rocinante was marve-
llously portrayed, so long and thin, so lank and
lean, with so much backbone and so far gone in
consumption, that he showed plainly with
what judgment and propriety the name of Ro-
cinante had been bestowed upon him. Near
him was Sancho Panza holding the halter of his
ass, at whose feet was another label that said,
"Sancho Zancas," and according to the picture,
he must have had a big belly, a short body, and
long shanks, for which reason, no doubt, the
names of Panza and Zancas were given him, for
by these two surnames the history several ti-
mes calls him. Some other trifling particulars
might be mentioned, but they are all of slight
importance and have nothing to do with the
true relation of the history; and no history can
be bad so long as it is true.
If against the present one any objection be
raised on the score of its truth, it can only be
that its author was an Arab, as lying is a very
common propensity with those of that nation;
though, as they are such enemies of ours, it is
conceivable that there were omissions rather
than additions made in the course of it. And
this is my own opinion; for, where he could
and should give freedom to his pen in praise of
so worthy a knight, he seems to me deliberately
to pass it over in silence; which is ill done and
worse contrived, for it is the business and duty
of historians to be exact, truthful, and wholly
free from passion, and neither interest nor fear,
hatred nor love, should make them swerve
from the path of truth, whose mother is history,
rival of time, storehouse of deeds, witness for
the past, example and counsel for the present,
and warning for the future. In this I know will
be found all that can be desired in the pleasan-
test, and if it be wanting in any good quality, I
maintain it is the fault of its hound of an author
and not the fault of the subject. To be brief, its
Second Part, according to the translation, began
in this way:
 With trenchant swords upraised and poised
on high, it seemed as though the two valiant
and wrathful combatants stood threatening
heaven, and earth, and hell, with such resolu-
tion and determination did they bear themsel-
ves. The fiery Biscayan was the first to strike a
blow, which was delivered with such force and
fury that had not the sword turned in its cour-
se, that single stroke would have sufficed to put
an end to the bitter struggle and to all the ad-
ventures of our knight; but that good fortune
which reserved him for greater things, turned
aside the sword of his adversary, so that alt-
hough it smote him upon the left shoulder, it
did him no more harm than to strip all that side
of its armour, carrying away a great part of his
helmet with half of his ear, all which with fear-
ful ruin fell to the ground, leaving him in a so-
rry plight.
Good God! Who is there that could properly
describe the rage that filled the heart of our
Manchegan when he saw himself dealt with in
this fashion? All that can be said is, it was such
that he again raised himself in his stirrups, and,
grasping his sword more firmly with both
hands, he came down on the Biscayan with
such fury, smiting him full over the cushion
and over the head, that—even so good a shield
proving useless—as if a mountain had fallen on
him, he began to bleed from nose, mouth, and
ears, reeling as if about to fall backwards from
his mule, as no doubt he would have done had
he not flung his arms about its neck; at the sa-
me time, however, he slipped his feet out of the
stirrups and then unclasped his arms, and the
mule, taking fright at the terrible blow, made
off across the plain, and with a few plunges
flung its master to the ground. Don Quixote
stood looking on very calmly, and, when he
saw him fall, leaped from his horse and with
great briskness ran to him, and, presenting the
point of his sword to his eyes, bade him su-
rrender, or he would cut his head off. The Bis-
cayan was so bewildered that he was unable to
answer a word, and it would have gone hard
with him, so blind was Don Quixote, had not
the ladies in the coach, who had hitherto been
watching the combat in great terror, hastened
to where he stood and implored him with ear-
nest entreaties to grant them the great grace
and favour of sparing their squire's life; to
which Don Quixote replied with much gravity
and dignity, "In truth, fair ladies, I am well con-
tent to do what ye ask of me; but it must be on
one condition and understanding, which is that
this knight promise me to go to the village of El
Toboso, and on my behalf present himself befo-
re the peerless lady Dulcinea, that she deal with
him as shall be most pleasing to her."
The terrified and disconsolate ladies, wit-
hout discussing Don Quixote's demand or as-
king who Dulcinea might be, promised that
their squire should do all that had been com-
manded.
 "Then, on the faith of that promise," said
Don Quixote, "I shall do him no further harm,
though he well deserves it of me."

CHAPTER X.

OF THE PLEASANT DISCOURSE

THAT PASSED BETWEEN DON
QUIXOTE AND HIS SQUIRE SAN-
CHO PANZA

Now by this time Sancho had risen, rather

the worse for the handling of the friars' mulete-
ers, and stood watching the battle of his master,
Don Quixote, and praying to God in his heart
that it might be his will to grant him the victo-
ry, and that he might thereby win some island
to make him governor of, as he had promised.
Seeing, therefore, that the struggle was now
over, and that his master was returning to
mount Rocinante, he approached to hold the
stirrup for him, and, before he could mount, he
went on his knees before him, and taking his
hand, kissed it saying, "May it please your
worship, Senor Don Quixote, to give me the
government of that island which has been won
in this hard fight, for be it ever so big I feel my-
self in sufficient force to be able to govern it as
much and as well as anyone in the world who
has ever governed islands."
To which Don Quixote replied, "Thou must
take notice, brother Sancho, that this adventure
and those like it are not adventures of islands,
but of cross-roads, in which nothing is got ex-
cept a broken head or an ear the less: have pa-
tience, for adventures will present themselves
from which I may make you, not only a gover-
nor, but something more."
 Sancho gave him many thanks, and again
kissing his hand and the skirt of his hauberk,
helped him to mount Rocinante, and mounting
his ass himself, proceeded to follow his master,
who at a brisk pace, without taking leave, or
saying anything further to the ladies belonging
to the coach, turned into a wood that was hard
by. Sancho followed him at his ass's best trot,
but Rocinante stepped out so that, seeing him-
self left behind, he was forced to call to his mas-
ter to wait for him. Don Quixote did so, reining
in Rocinante until his weary squire came up,
who on reaching him said, "It seems to me, se-
nor, it would be prudent in us to go and take
refuge in some church, for, seeing how mauled
he with whom you fought has been left, it will
be no wonder if they give information of the
affair to the Holy Brotherhood and arrest us,
and, faith, if they do, before we come out of
gaol we shall have to sweat for it."
"Peace," said Don Quixote; "where hast thou
ever seen or heard that a knight-errant has been
arraigned before a court of justice, however
many homicides he may have committed?"
"I know nothing about omecils," answered
Sancho, "nor in my life have had anything to do
with one; I only know that the Holy Brother-
hood looks after those who fight in the fields,
and in that other matter I do not meddle."
"Then thou needst have no uneasiness, my
friend," said Don Quixote, "for I will deliver
thee out of the hands of the Chaldeans, much
more out of those of the Brotherhood. But tell
me, as thou livest, hast thou seen a more valiant
knight than I in all the known world; hast thou
read in history of any who has or had higher
mettle in attack, more spirit in maintaining it,
more dexterity in wounding or skill in overth-
rowing?"
"The truth is," answered Sancho, "that I have
never read any history, for I can neither read
nor write, but what I will venture to bet is that
a more daring master than your worship I have
never served in all the days of my life, and God
grant that this daring be not paid for where I
have said; what I beg of your worship is to
dress your wound, for a great deal of blood
flows from that ear, and I have here some lint
and a little white ointment in the alforjas."
"All that might be well dispensed with," said
Don Quixote, "if I had remembered to make a
vial of the balsam of Fierabras, for time and
medicine are saved by one single drop."
"What vial and what balsam is that?" said
Sancho Panza.
"It is a balsam," answered Don Quixote, "the
receipt of which I have in my memory, with
which one need have no fear of death, or dread
dying of any wound; and so when I make it
and give it to thee thou hast nothing to do
when in some battle thou seest they have cut
me in half through the middle of the body—as
is wont to happen frequently,—but neatly and
with great nicety, ere the blood congeal, to pla-
ce that portion of the body which shall have
fallen to the ground upon the other half which
remains in the saddle, taking care to fit it on
evenly and exactly. Then thou shalt give me to
drink but two drops of the balsam I have men-
tioned, and thou shalt see me become sounder
than an apple."
"If that be so," said Panza, "I renounce hence-
forth the government of the promised island,
and desire nothing more in payment of my
many and faithful services than that your
worship give me the receipt of this supreme
liquor, for I am persuaded it will be worth mo-
re than two reals an ounce anywhere, and I
want no more to pass the rest of my life in ease
and honour; but it remains to be told if it costs
much to make it."
"With less than three reals, six quarts of it
may be made," said Don
Quixote.
"Sinner that I am!" said Sancho, "then why
does your worship put off making it and tea-
ching it to me?"
 "Peace, friend," answered Don Quixote;
"greater secrets I mean to teach thee and greater
favours to bestow upon thee; and for the pre-
sent let us see to the dressing, for my ear pains
me more than I could wish."
Sancho took out some lint and ointment
from the alforjas; but when Don Quixote came
to see his helmet shattered, he was like to lose
his senses, and clapping his hand upon his
sword and raising his eyes to heaven, be said, "I
swear by the Creator of all things and the four
Gospels in their fullest extent, to do as the great
Marquis of Mantua did when he swore to
avenge the death of his nephew Baldwin (and
that was not to eat bread from a table-cloth, nor
embrace his wife, and other points which,
though I cannot now call them to mind, I here
grant as expressed) until I take complete ven-
geance upon him who has committed such an
offence against me."
Hearing this, Sancho said to him, "Your
worship should bear in mind, Senor Don
Quixote, that if the knight has done what was
commanded him in going to present himself
before my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, he will
have done all that he was bound to do, and
does not deserve further punishment unless he
commits some new offence."
"Thou hast said well and hit the point," ans-
wered Don Quixote; and so I recall the oath in
so far as relates to taking fresh vengeance on
him, but I make and confirm it anew to lead the
life I have said until such time as I take by force
from some knight another helmet such as this
and as good; and think not, Sancho, that I am
raising smoke with straw in doing so, for I have
one to imitate in the matter, since the very same
thing to a hair happened in the case of Mam-
brino's helmet, which cost Sacripante so dear."
"Senor," replied Sancho, "let your worship
send all such oaths to the devil, for they are
very pernicious to salvation and prejudicial to
the conscience; just tell me now, if for several
days to come we fall in with no man armed
with a helmet, what are we to do? Is the oath to
be observed in spite of all the inconvenience
and discomfort it will be to sleep in your clot-
hes, and not to sleep in a house, and a thousand
other mortifications contained in the oath of
that old fool the Marquis of Mantua, which
your worship is now wanting to revive? Let
your worship observe that there are no men in
armour travelling on any of these roads, not-
hing but carriers and carters, who not only do
not wear helmets, but perhaps never heard tell
of them all their lives."
"Thou art wrong there," said Don Quixote,
"for we shall not have been above two hours
among these cross-roads before we see more
men in armour than came to Albraca to win the
fair Angelica."
"Enough," said Sancho; "so be it then, and
God grant us success, and that the time for
winning that island which is costing me so dear
may soon come, and then let me die."
 "I have already told thee, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "not to give thyself any uneasiness on
that score; for if an island should fail, there is
the kingdom of Denmark, or of Sobradisa,
which will fit thee as a ring fits the finger, and
all the more that, being on terra firma, thou wilt
all the better enjoy thyself. But let us leave that
to its own time; see if thou hast anything for us
to eat in those alforjas, because we must pre-
sently go in quest of some castle where we may
lodge to-night and make the balsam I told thee
of, for I swear to thee by God, this ear is giving
me great pain."
"I have here an onion and a little cheese and
a few scraps of bread," said Sancho, "but they
are not victuals fit for a valiant knight like your
worship."
"How little thou knowest about it," answe-
red Don Quixote; "I would have thee to know,
Sancho, that it is the glory of knights-errant to
go without eating for a month, and even when
they do eat, that it should be of what comes
first to hand; and this would have been clear to
thee hadst thou read as many histories as I
have, for, though they are very many, among
them all I have found no mention made of
knights-errant eating, unless by accident or at
some sumptuous banquets prepared for them,
and the rest of the time they passed in dallian-
ce. And though it is plain they could not do
without eating and performing all the other
natural functions, because, in fact, they were
men like ourselves, it is plain too that, wande-
ring as they did the most part of their lives
through woods and wilds and without a cook,
their most usual fare would be rustic viands
such as those thou now offer me; so that, friend
Sancho, let not that distress thee which pleases
me, and do not seek to make a new world or
pervert knight-errantry."
"Pardon me, your worship," said Sancho,
"for, as I cannot read or write, as I said just
now, I neither know nor comprehend the rules
of the profession of chivalry: henceforward I
will stock the alforjas with every kind of dry
fruit for your worship, as you are a knight; and
for myself, as I am not one, I will furnish them
with poultry and other things more substan-
tial."
"I do not say, Sancho," replied Don Quixote,
"that it is imperative on knights-errant not to
eat anything else but the fruits thou speakest of;
only that their more usual diet must be those,
and certain herbs they found in the fields which
they knew and I know too."
"A good thing it is," answered Sancho, "to
know those herbs, for to my thinking it will be
needful some day to put that knowledge into
practice."
And here taking out what he said he had
brought, the pair made their repast peaceably
and sociably. But anxious to find quarters for
the night, they with all despatch made an end
of their poor dry fare, mounted at once, and
made haste to reach some habitation before
night set in; but daylight and the hope of suc-
ceeding in their object failed them close by the
huts of some goatherds, so they determined to
pass the night there, and it was as much to San-
cho's discontent not to have reached a house, as
it was to his master's satisfaction to sleep under
the open heaven, for he fancied that each time
this happened to him he performed an act of
ownership that helped to prove his chivalry.

CHAPTER XI.

WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE

WITH CERTAIN GOATHERDS

He was cordially welcomed by the goat-

herds, and Sancho, having as best he could put
up Rocinante and the ass, drew towards the
fragrance that came from some pieces of salted
goat simmering in a pot on the fire; and though
he would have liked at once to try if they were
ready to be transferred from the pot to the sto-
mach, he refrained from doing so as the goat-
herds removed them from the fire, and laying
sheepskins on the ground, quickly spread their
rude table, and with signs of hearty good-will
invited them both to share what they had.
Round the skins six of the men belonging to the
fold seated themselves, having first with rough
politeness pressed Don Quixote to take a seat
upon a trough which they placed for him upsi-
de down. Don Quixote seated himself, and
Sancho remained standing to serve the cup,
which was made of horn. Seeing him standing,
his master said to him:
"That thou mayest see, Sancho, the good that
knight-errantry contains in itself, and how tho-
se who fill any office in it are on the high road
to be speedily honoured and esteemed by the
world, I desire that thou seat thyself here at my
side and in the company of these worthy peo-
ple, and that thou be one with me who am thy
master and natural lord, and that thou eat from
my plate and drink from whatever I drink
from; for the same may be said of knight-
errantry as of love, that it levels all."
"Great thanks," said Sancho, "but I may tell
your worship that provided I have enough to
eat, I can eat it as well, or better, standing, and
by myself, than seated alongside of an emperor.
And indeed, if the truth is to be told, what I eat
in my corner without form or fuss has much
more relish for me, even though it be bread and
onions, than the turkeys of those other tables
where I am forced to chew slowly, drink little,
wipe my mouth every minute, and cannot
sneeze or cough if I want or do other things
that are the privileges of liberty and solitude.
So, senor, as for these honours which your
worship would put upon me as a servant and
follower of knight-errantry, exchange them for
other things which may be of more use and
advantage to me; for these, though I fully ack-
nowledge them as received, I renounce from
this moment to the end of the world."
"For all that," said Don Quixote, "thou must
seat thyself, because him who humbleth him-
self God exalteth;" and seizing him by the arm
he forced him to sit down beside himself.
The goatherds did not understand this jar-
gon about squires and knights-errant, and all
they did was to eat in silence and stare at their
guests, who with great elegance and appetite
were stowing away pieces as big as one's fist.
The course of meat finished, they spread upon
the sheepskins a great heap of parched acorns,
and with them they put down a half cheese
harder than if it had been made of mortar. All
this while the horn was not idle, for it went
round so constantly, now full, now empty, like
the bucket of a water-wheel, that it soon drai-
ned one of the two wine-skins that were in
sight. When Don Quixote had quite appeased
his appetite he took up a handful of the acorns,
and contemplating them attentively delivered
himself somewhat in this fashion:
"Happy the age, happy the time, to which
the ancients gave the name of golden, not be-
cause in that fortunate age the gold so coveted
in this our iron one was gained without toil, but
because they that lived in it knew not the two
words "mine" and "thine"! In that blessed age
all things were in common; to win the daily
food no labour was required of any save to
stretch forth his hand and gather it from the
sturdy oaks that stood generously inviting him
with their sweet ripe fruit. The clear streams
and running brooks yielded their savoury lim-
pid waters in noble abundance. The busy and
sagacious bees fixed their republic in the clefts
of the rocks and hollows of the trees, offering
without usance the plenteous produce of their
fragrant toil to every hand. The mighty cork
trees, unenforced save of their own courtesy,
shed the broad light bark that served at first to
roof the houses supported by rude stakes, a
protection against the inclemency of heaven
alone. Then all was peace, all friendship, all
concord; as yet the dull share of the crooked
plough had not dared to rend and pierce the
tender bowels of our first mother that without
compulsion yielded from every portion of her
broad fertile bosom all that could satisfy, sus-
tain, and delight the children that then posses-
sed her. Then was it that the innocent and fair
young shepherdess roamed from vale to vale
and hill to hill, with flowing locks, and no more
garments than were needful modestly to cover
what modesty seeks and ever sought to hide.
Nor were their ornaments like those in use to-
day, set off by Tyrian purple, and silk tortured
in endless fashions, but the wreathed leaves of
the green dock and ivy, wherewith they went
as bravely and becomingly decked as our Court
dames with all the rare and far-fetched artifices
that idle curiosity has taught them. Then the
love-thoughts of the heart clothed themselves
simply and naturally as the heart conceived
them, nor sought to commend themselves by
forced and rambling verbiage. Fraud, deceit, or
malice had then not yet mingled with truth and
sincerity. Justice held her ground, undisturbed
and unassailed by the efforts of favour and of
interest, that now so much impair, pervert, and
beset her. Arbitrary law had not yet established
itself in the mind of the judge, for then there
was no cause to judge and no one to be judged.
Maidens and modesty, as I have said, wande-
red at will alone and unattended, without fear
of insult from lawlessness or libertine assault,
and if they were undone it was of their own
will and pleasure. But now in this hateful age
of ours not one is safe, not though some new
labyrinth like that of Crete conceal and su-
rround her; even there the pestilence of gallan-
try will make its way to them through chinks or
on the air by the zeal of its accursed importuni-
ty, and, despite of all seclusion, lead them to
ruin. In defence of these, as time advanced and
wickedness increased, the order of knights-
errant was instituted, to defend maidens, to
protect widows and to succour the orphans and
the needy. To this order I belong, brother goat-
herds, to whom I return thanks for the hospita-
lity and kindly welcome ye offer me and my
squire; for though by natural law all living are
bound to show favour to knights-errant, yet,
seeing that without knowing this obligation ye
have welcomed and feasted me, it is right that
with all the good-will in my power I should
thank you for yours."
All this long harangue (which might very
well have been spared) our knight delivered
because the acorns they gave him reminded
him of the golden age; and the whim seized
him to address all this unnecessary argument
to the goatherds, who listened to him gaping in
amazement without saying a word in reply.
Sancho likewise held his peace and ate acorns,
and paid repeated visits to the second wine-
skin, which they had hung up on a cork tree to
keep the wine cool.
 Don Quixote was longer in talking than the
supper in finishing, at the end of which one of
the goatherds said, "That your worship, senor
knight-errant, may say with more truth that we
show you hospitality with ready good-will, we
will give you amusement and pleasure by ma-
king one of our comrades sing: he will be here
before long, and he is a very intelligent youth
and deep in love, and what is more he can read
and write and play on the rebeck to perfection."
The goatherd had hardly done speaking,
when the notes of the rebeck reached their ears;
and shortly after, the player came up, a very
good-looking young man of about two-and-
twenty. His comrades asked him if he had sup-
ped, and on his replying that he had, he who
had already made the offer said to him:
"In that case, Antonio, thou mayest as well
do us the pleasure of singing a little, that the
gentleman, our guest, may see that even in the
mountains and woods there are musicians: we
have told him of thy accomplishments, and we
want thee to show them and prove that we say
true; so, as thou livest, pray sit down and sing
that ballad about thy love that thy uncle the
prebendary made thee, and that was so much
liked in the town."
"With all my heart," said the young man,
and without waiting for more pressing he sea-
ted himself on the trunk of a felled oak, and
tuning his rebeck, presently began to sing to
these words.

ANTONIO'S BALLAD
Thou dost love me well, Olalla;
Well I know it, even though
Love's mute tongues, thine eyes, have never
By their glances told me so.
For I know my love thou knowest,
Therefore thine to claim I dare:
Once it ceases to be secret,
Love need never feel despair.
True it is, Olalla, sometimes
Thou hast all too plainly shown
That thy heart is brass in hardness,
And thy snowy bosom stone.
Yet for all that, in thy coyness,
And thy fickle fits between,
Hope is there—at least the border
Of her garment may be seen.
Lures to faith are they, those glimpses,
And to faith in thee I hold;
Kindness cannot make it stronger,
Coldness cannot make it cold.
If it be that love is gentle,
In thy gentleness I see
Something holding out assurance
To the hope of winning thee.
If it be that in devotion
Lies a power hearts to move,
That which every day I show thee,
Helpful to my suit should prove.
Many a time thou must have noticed—
If to notice thou dost care—
How I go about on Monday
Dressed in all my Sunday wear.
 Love's eyes love to look on brightness;
Love loves what is gaily drest;
Sunday, Monday, all I care is
Thou shouldst see me in my best.
No account I make of dances,
Or of strains that pleased thee so,
Keeping thee awake from midnight
Till the cocks began to crow;
Or of how I roundly swore it
That there's none so fair as thou;
True it is, but as I said it,
By the girls I'm hated now.
For Teresa of the hillside
At my praise of thee was sore;
Said, "You think you love an angel;
It's a monkey you adore;
"Caught by all her glittering trinkets,
And her borrowed braids of hair,
And a host of made-up beauties
That would Love himself ensnare."
'T was a lie, and so I told her,
And her cousin at the word
Gave me his defiance for it;
And what followed thou hast heard.
Mine is no high-flown affection,
Mine no passion par amours—
As they call it—what I offer
Is an honest love, and pure.
Cunning cords the holy Church has,
Cords of softest silk they be;
Put thy neck beneath the yoke, dear;
Mine will follow, thou wilt see.
Else—and once for all I swear it
By the saint of most renown—
If I ever quit the mountains,
'T will be in a friar's gown.
Here the goatherd brought his song to an
end, and though Don Quixote entreated him to
sing more, Sancho had no mind that way, being
more inclined for sleep than for listening to
songs; so said he to his master, "Your worship
will do well to settle at once where you mean to
pass the night, for the labour these good men
are at all day does not allow them to spend the
night in singing."
"I understand thee, Sancho," replied Don
Quixote; "I perceive clearly that those visits to
the wine-skin demand compensation in sleep
rather than in music."
"It's sweet to us all, blessed be God," said
Sancho.
"I do not deny it," replied Don Quixote; "but
settle thyself where thou wilt; those of my ca-
lling are more becomingly employed in wat-
ching than in sleeping; still it would be as well
if thou wert to dress this ear for me again, for it
is giving me more pain than it need."
Sancho did as he bade him, but one of the
goatherds, seeing the wound, told him not to be
uneasy, as he would apply a remedy with
which it would be soon healed; and gathering
some leaves of rosemary, of which there was a
great quantity there, he chewed them and
mixed them with a little salt, and applying
them to the ear he secured them firmly with a
bandage, assuring him that no other treatment
would be required, and so it proved.

CHAPTER XII.

OF WHAT A GOATHERD RELATED

TO THOSE WITH DON QUIXOTE

Just then another young man, one of those

who fetched their provisions from the village,
came up and said, "Do you know what is going
on in the village, comrades?"
"How could we know it?" replied one of
them.
"Well, then, you must know," continued the
young man, "this morning that famous student-
shepherd called Chrysostom died, and it is ru-
moured that he died of love for that devil of a
village girl the daughter of Guillermo the Rich,
she that wanders about the wolds here in the
dress of a shepherdess."
"You mean Marcela?" said one.
"Her I mean," answered the goatherd; "and
the best of it is, he has directed in his will that
he is to be buried in the fields like a Moor, and
at the foot of the rock where the Cork-tree
spring is, because, as the story goes (and they
say he himself said so), that was the place whe-
re he first saw her. And he has also left other
directions which the clergy of the village say
should not and must not be obeyed because
they savour of paganism. To all which his great
friend Ambrosio the student, he who, like him,
also went dressed as a shepherd, replies that
everything must be done without any omission
according to the directions left by Chrysostom,
and about this the village is all in commotion;
however, report says that, after all, what Am-
brosio and all the shepherds his friends desire
will be done, and to-morrow they are coming
to bury him with great ceremony where I said. I
am sure it will be something worth seeing; at
least I will not fail to go and see it even if I
knew I should not return to the village tomo-
rrow."
"We will do the same," answered the goat-
herds, "and cast lots to see who must stay to
mind the goats of all."
"Thou sayest well, Pedro," said one, "though
there will be no need of taking that trouble, for
I will stay behind for all; and don't suppose it is
virtue or want of curiosity in me; it is that the
splinter that ran into my foot the other day will
not let me walk."
"For all that, we thank thee," answered Pe-
dro.
Don Quixote asked Pedro to tell him who
the dead man was and who the shepherdess, to
which Pedro replied that all he knew was that
the dead man was a wealthy gentleman belon-
ging to a village in those mountains, who had
been a student at Salamanca for many years, at
the end of which he returned to his village with
the reputation of being very learned and deeply
read. "Above all, they said, he was learned in
the science of the stars and of what went on
yonder in the heavens and the sun and the mo-
on, for he told us of the cris of the sun and mo-
on to exact time."
"Eclipse it is called, friend, not cris, the dar-
kening of those two luminaries," said Don
Quixote; but Pedro, not troubling himself with
trifles, went on with his story, saying, "Also he
foretold when the year was going to be one of
abundance or estility."
"Sterility, you mean," said Don Quixote.
"Sterility or estility," answered Pedro, "it is
all the same in the end. And I can tell you that
by this his father and friends who believed him
grew very rich because they did as he advised
them, bidding them 'sow barley this year, not
wheat; this year you may sow pulse and not
barley; the next there will be a full oil crop, and
the three following not a drop will be got.'"
"That science is called astrology," said Don
Quixote.
"I do not know what it is called," replied Pe-
dro, "but I know that he knew all this and more
besides. But, to make an end, not many months
had passed after he returned from Salamanca,
when one day he appeared dressed as a shep-
herd with his crook and sheepskin, having put
off the long gown he wore as a scholar; and at
the same time his great friend, Ambrosio by
name, who had been his companion in his stu-
dies, took to the shepherd's dress with him. I
forgot to say that Chrysostom, who is dead,
was a great man for writing verses, so much so
that he made carols for Christmas Eve, and
plays for Corpus Christi, which the young men
of our village acted, and all said they were ex-
cellent. When the villagers saw the two scholars
so unexpectedly appearing in shepherd's dress,
they were lost in wonder, and could not guess
what had led them to make so extraordinary a
change. About this time the father of our Chry-
sostom died, and he was left heir to a large
amount of property in chattels as well as in
land, no small number of cattle and sheep, and
a large sum of money, of all of which the young
man was left dissolute owner, and indeed he
was deserving of it all, for he was a very good
comrade, and kind-hearted, and a friend of
worthy folk, and had a countenance like a be-
nediction. Presently it came to be known that
he had changed his dress with no other object
than to wander about these wastes after that
shepherdess Marcela our lad mentioned a whi-
le ago, with whom the deceased Chrysostom
had fallen in love. And I must tell you now, for
it is well you should know it, who this girl is;
perhaps, and even without any perhaps, you
will not have heard anything like it all the days
of your life, though you should live more years
than sarna."
 "Say Sarra," said Don Quixote, unable to en-
dure the goatherd's confusion of words.
"The sarna lives long enough," answered
Pedro; "and if, senor, you must go finding fault
with words at every step, we shall not make an
end of it this twelvemonth."
"Pardon me, friend," said Don Quixote; "but,
as there is such a difference between sarna and
Sarra, I told you of it; however, you have ans-
wered very rightly, for sarna lives longer than
Sarra: so continue your story, and I will not
object any more to anything."
"I say then, my dear sir," said the goatherd,
"that in our village there was a farmer even
richer than the father of Chrysostom, who was
named Guillermo, and upon whom God bes-
towed, over and above great wealth, a daugh-
ter at whose birth her mother died, the most
respected woman there was in this neighbour-
hood; I fancy I can see her now with that coun-
tenance which had the sun on one side and the
moon on the other; and moreover active, and
kind to the poor, for which I trust that at the
present moment her soul is in bliss with God in
the other world. Her husband Guillermo died
of grief at the death of so good a wife, leaving
his daughter Marcela, a child and rich, to the
care of an uncle of hers, a priest and prebenda-
ry in our village. The girl grew up with such
beauty that it reminded us of her mother's,
which was very great, and yet it was thought
that the daughter's would exceed it; and so
when she reached the age of fourteen to fifteen
years nobody beheld her but blessed God that
had made her so beautiful, and the greater
number were in love with her past redemption.
Her uncle kept her in great seclusion and reti-
rement, but for all that the fame of her great
beauty spread so that, as well for it as for her
great wealth, her uncle was asked, solicited,
and importuned, to give her in marriage not
only by those of our town but of those many
leagues round, and by the persons of highest
quality in them. But he, being a good Christian
man, though he desired to give her in marriage
at once, seeing her to be old enough, was unwi-
lling to do so without her consent, not that he
had any eye to the gain and profit which the
custody of the girl's property brought him whi-
le he put off her marriage; and, faith, this was
said in praise of the good priest in more than
one set in the town. For I would have you
know, Sir Errant, that in these little villages
everything is talked about and everything is
carped at, and rest assured, as I am, that the
priest must be over and above good who forces
his parishioners to speak well of him, especially
in villages."
"That is the truth," said Don Quixote; "but go
on, for the story is very good, and you, good
Pedro, tell it with very good grace."
"May that of the Lord not be wanting to me,"
said Pedro; "that is the one to have. To proceed;
you must know that though the uncle put befo-
re his niece and described to her the qualities of
each one in particular of the many who had
asked her in marriage, begging her to marry
and make a choice according to her own taste,
she never gave any other answer than that she
had no desire to marry just yet, and that being
so young she did not think herself fit to bear
the burden of matrimony. At these, to all ap-
pearance, reasonable excuses that she made,
her uncle ceased to urge her, and waited till she
was somewhat more advanced in age and
could mate herself to her own liking. For, said
he—and he said quite right—parents are not to
settle children in life against their will. But
when one least looked for it, lo and behold! one
day the demure Marcela makes her appearance
turned shepherdess; and, in spite of her uncle
and all those of the town that strove to dissua-
de her, took to going a-field with the other
shepherd-lasses of the village, and tending her
own flock. And so, since she appeared in pu-
blic, and her beauty came to be seen openly, I
could not well tell you how many rich youths,
gentlemen and peasants, have adopted the cos-
tume of Chrysostom, and go about these fields
making love to her. One of these, as has been
already said, was our deceased friend, of whom
they say that he did not love but adore her. But
you must not suppose, because Marcela chose a
life of such liberty and independence, and of so
little or rather no retirement, that she has given
any occasion, or even the semblance of one, for
disparagement of her purity and modesty; on
the contrary, such and so great is the vigilance
with which she watches over her honour, that
of all those that court and woo her not one has
boasted, or can with truth boast, that she has
given him any hope however small of obtai-
ning his desire. For although she does not
avoid or shun the society and conversation of
the shepherds, and treats them courteously and
kindly, should any one of them come to declare
his intention to her, though it be one as proper
and holy as that of matrimony, she flings him
from her like a catapult. And with this kind of
disposition she does more harm in this country
than if the plague had got into it, for her affabi-
lity and her beauty draw on the hearts of those
that associate with her to love her and to court
her, but her scorn and her frankness bring them
to the brink of despair; and so they know not
what to say save to proclaim her aloud cruel
and hard-hearted, and other names of the same
sort which well describe the nature of her cha-
racter; and if you should remain here any time,
senor, you would hear these hills and valleys
resounding with the laments of the rejected
ones who pursue her. Not far from this there is
a spot where there are a couple of dozen of tall
beeches, and there is not one of them but has
carved and written on its smooth bark the na-
me of Marcela, and above some a crown carved
on the same tree as though her lover would say
more plainly that Marcela wore and deserved
that of all human beauty. Here one shepherd is
sighing, there another is lamenting; there love
songs are heard, here despairing elegies. One
will pass all the hours of the night seated at the
foot of some oak or rock, and there, without
having closed his weeping eyes, the sun finds
him in the morning bemused and bereft of sen-
se; and another without relief or respite to his
sighs, stretched on the burning sand in the full
heat of the sultry summer noontide, makes his
appeal to the compassionate heavens, and over
one and the other, over these and all, the beau-
tiful Marcela triumphs free and careless. And
all of us that know her are waiting to see what
her pride will come to, and who is to be the
happy man that will succeed in taming a nature
so formidable and gaining possession of a be-
auty so supreme. All that I have told you being
such well-established truth, I am persuaded
that what they say of the cause of Chrysostom's
death, as our lad told us, is the same. And so I
advise you, senor, fail not to be present to-
morrow at his burial, which will be well worth
seeing, for Chrysostom had many friends, and
it is not half a league from this place to where
he directed he should be buried."
 "I will make a point of it," said Don Quixote,
"and I thank you for the pleasure you have gi-
ven me by relating so interesting a tale."
"Oh," said the goatherd, "I do not know even
the half of what has happened to the lovers of
Marcela, but perhaps to-morrow we may fall in
with some shepherd on the road who can tell
us; and now it will be well for you to go and
sleep under cover, for the night air may hurt
your wound, though with the remedy I have
applied to you there is no fear of an untoward
result."
Sancho Panza, who was wishing the goat-
herd's loquacity at the devil, on his part begged
his master to go into Pedro's hut to sleep. He
did so, and passed all the rest of the night in
thinking of his lady Dulcinea, in imitation of
the lovers of Marcela. Sancho Panza settled
himself between Rocinante and his ass, and
slept, not like a lover who had been discarded,
but like a man who had been soundly kicked.
 CHAPTER XIII.

IN WHICH IS ENDED THE STORY

OF THE SHEPHERDESS MARCELA,
WITH OTHER INCIDENTS
Bit hardly had day begun to show itself
through the balconies of the east, when five of
the six goatherds came to rouse Don Quixote
and tell him that if he was still of a mind to go
and see the famous burial of Chrysostom they
would bear him company. Don Quixote, who
desired nothing better, rose and ordered San-
cho to saddle and pannel at once, which he did
with all despatch, and with the same they all
set out forthwith. They had not gone a quarter
of a league when at the meeting of two paths
they saw coming towards them some six shep-
herds dressed in black sheepskins and with
their heads crowned with garlands of cypress
and bitter oleander. Each of them carried a
stout holly staff in his hand, and along with
them there came two men of quality on horse-
back in handsome travelling dress, with three
servants on foot accompanying them. Courte-
ous salutations were exchanged on meeting,
and inquiring one of the other which way each
party was going, they learned that all were
bound for the scene of the burial, so they went
on all together.
One of those on horseback addressing his
companion said to him, "It seems to me, Senor
Vivaldo, that we may reckon as well spent the
delay we shall incur in seeing this remarkable
funeral, for remarkable it cannot but be judging
by the strange things these shepherds have told
us, of both the dead shepherd and homicide
shepherdess."
"So I think too," replied Vivaldo, "and I
would delay not to say a day, but four, for the
sake of seeing it."
Don Quixote asked them what it was they
had heard of Marcela and Chrysostom. The
traveller answered that the same morning they
had met these shepherds, and seeing them
dressed in this mournful fashion they had as-
ked them the reason of their appearing in such
a guise; which one of them gave, describing the
strange behaviour and beauty of a shepherdess
called Marcela, and the loves of many who
courted her, together with the death of that
Chrysostom to whose burial they were going.
In short, he repeated all that Pedro had related
to Don Quixote.
This conversation dropped, and another was
commenced by him who was called Vivaldo
asking Don Quixote what was the reason that
led him to go armed in that fashion in a country
so peaceful. To which Don Quixote replied,
"The pursuit of my calling does not allow or
permit me to go in any other fashion; easy life,
enjoyment, and repose were invented for soft
courtiers, but toil, unrest, and arms were inven-
ted and made for those alone whom the world
calls knights-errant, of whom I, though un-
worthy, am the least of all."
The instant they heard this all set him down
as mad, and the better to settle the point and
discover what kind of madness his was, Vival-
do proceeded to ask him what knights-errant
meant.
"Have not your worships," replied Don
Quixote, "read the annals and histories of En-
gland, in which are recorded the famous deeds
of King Arthur, whom we in our popular Casti-
lian invariably call King Artus, with regard to
whom it is an ancient tradition, and commonly
received all over that kingdom of Great Britain,
that this king did not die, but was changed by
magic art into a raven, and that in process of
time he is to return to reign and recover his
kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it can-
not be proved that from that time to this any
Englishman ever killed a raven? Well, then, in
the time of this good king that famous order of
chivalry of the Knights of the Round Table was
instituted, and the amour of Don Lancelot of
the Lake with the Queen Guinevere occurred,
precisely as is there related, the go-between
and confidante therein being the highly honou-
rable dame Quintanona, whence came that ba-
llad so well known and widely spread in our
Spain—
O never surely was there knight
So served by hand of dame,
As served was he Sir Lancelot hight
When he from Britain came—
with all the sweet and delectable course of
his achievements in love and war. Handed
down from that time, then, this order of chival-
ry went on extending and spreading itself over
many and various parts of the world; and in it,
famous and renowned for their deeds, were the
mighty Amadis of Gaul with all his sons and
descendants to the fifth generation, and the
valiant Felixmarte of Hircania, and the never
sufficiently praised Tirante el Blanco, and in
our own days almost we have seen and heard
and talked with the invincible knight Don Be-
lianis of Greece. This, then, sirs, is to be a
knight-errant, and what I have spoken of is the
order of his chivalry, of which, as I have alrea-
dy said, I, though a sinner, have made profes-
sion, and what the aforesaid knights professed
that same do I profess, and so I go through the-
se solitudes and wilds seeking adventures, re-
solved in soul to oppose my arm and person to
the most perilous that fortune may offer me in
aid of the weak and needy."
By these words of his the travellers were
able to satisfy themselves of Don Quixote's
being out of his senses and of the form of mad-
ness that overmastered him, at which they felt
the same astonishment that all felt on first be-
coming acquainted with it; and Vivaldo, who
was a person of great shrewdness and of a live-
ly temperament, in order to beguile the short
journey which they said was required to reach
the mountain, the scene of the burial, sought to
give him an opportunity of going on with his
absurdities. So he said to him, "It seems to me,
Senor Knight-errant, that your worship has
made choice of one of the most austere profes-
sions in the world, and I imagine even that of
the Carthusian monks is not so austere."
"As austere it may perhaps be," replied our
Don Quixote, "but so necessary for the world I
am very much inclined to doubt. For, if the
truth is to be told, the soldier who executes
what his captain orders does no less than the
captain himself who gives the order. My mea-
ning, is, that churchmen in peace and quiet
pray to Heaven for the welfare of the world,
but we soldiers and knights carry into effect
what they pray for, defending it with the might
of our arms and the edge of our swords, not
under shelter but in the open air, a target for
the intolerable rays of the sun in summer and
the piercing frosts of winter. Thus are we God's
ministers on earth and the arms by which his
justice is done therein. And as the business of
war and all that relates and belongs to it cannot
be conducted without exceeding great sweat,
toil, and exertion, it follows that those who ma-
ke it their profession have undoubtedly more
labour than those who in tranquil peace and
quiet are engaged in praying to God to help the
weak. I do not mean to say, nor does it enter
into my thoughts, that the knight-errant's ca-
lling is as good as that of the monk in his cell; I
would merely infer from what I endure myself
that it is beyond a doubt a more laborious and a
more belaboured one, a hungrier and thirstier,
a wretcheder, raggeder, and lousier; for there is
no reason to doubt that the knights-errant of
yore endured much hardship in the course of
their lives. And if some of them by the might of
their arms did rise to be emperors, in faith it
cost them dear in the matter of blood and swe-
at; and if those who attained to that rank had
not had magicians and sages to help them they
would have been completely baulked in their
ambition and disappointed in their hopes."
 "That is my own opinion," replied the trave-
ller; "but one thing among many others seems
to me very wrong in knights-errant, and that is
that when they find themselves about to enga-
ge in some mighty and perilous adventure in
which there is manifest danger of losing their
lives, they never at the moment of engaging in
it think of commending themselves to God, as
is the duty of every good Christian in like peril;
instead of which they commend themselves to
their ladies with as much devotion as if these
were their gods, a thing which seems to me to
savour somewhat of heathenism."
"Sir," answered Don Quixote, "that cannot be
on any account omitted, and the knight-errant
would be disgraced who acted otherwise: for it
is usual and customary in knight-errantry that
the knight-errant, who on engaging in any gre-
at feat of arms has his lady before him, should
turn his eyes towards her softly and lovingly,
as though with them entreating her to favour
and protect him in the hazardous venture he is
about to undertake, and even though no one
hear him, he is bound to say certain words
between his teeth, commending himself to her
with all his heart, and of this we have innume-
rable instances in the histories. Nor is it to be
supposed from this that they are to omit com-
mending themselves to God, for there will be
time and opportunity for doing so while they
are engaged in their task."
"For all that," answered the traveller, "I feel
some doubt still, because often I have read how
words will arise between two knights-errant,
and from one thing to another it comes about
that their anger kindles and they wheel their
horses round and take a good stretch of field,
and then without any more ado at the top of
their speed they come to the charge, and in
mid-career they are wont to commend them-
selves to their ladies; and what commonly co-
mes of the encounter is that one falls over the
haunches of his horse pierced through and
through by his antagonist's lance, and as for the
other, it is only by holding on to the mane of
his horse that he can help falling to the ground;
but I know not how the dead man had time to
commend himself to God in the course of such
rapid work as this; it would have been better if
those words which he spent in commending
himself to his lady in the midst of his career
had been devoted to his duty and obligation as
a Christian. Moreover, it is my belief that all
knights-errant have not ladies to commend
themselves to, for they are not all in love."
"That is impossible," said Don Quixote: "I
say it is impossible that there could be a knight-
errant without a lady, because to such it is as
natural and proper to be in love as to the hea-
vens to have stars: most certainly no history has
been seen in which there is to be found a
knight-errant without an amour, and for the
simple reason that without one he would be
held no legitimate knight but a bastard, and
one who had gained entrance into the strong-
hold of the said knighthood, not by the door,
but over the wall like a thief and a robber."
"Nevertheless," said the traveller, "if I re-
member rightly, I think I have read that Don
Galaor, the brother of the valiant Amadis of
Gaul, never had any special lady to whom he
might commend himself, and yet he was not
the less esteemed, and was a very stout and
famous knight."
To which our Don Quixote made answer,
"Sir, one solitary swallow does not make sum-
mer; moreover, I know that knight was in se-
cret very deeply in love; besides which, that
way of falling in love with all that took his fan-
cy was a natural propensity which he could not
control. But, in short, it is very manifest that he
had one alone whom he made mistress of his
will, to whom he commended himself very
frequently and very secretly, for he prided
himself on being a reticent knight."
"Then if it be essential that every knight-
errant should be in love," said the traveller, "it
may be fairly supposed that your worship is so,
as you are of the order; and if you do not pride
yourself on being as reticent as Don Galaor, I
entreat you as earnestly as I can, in the name of
all this company and in my own, to inform us
of the name, country, rank, and beauty of your
lady, for she will esteem herself fortunate if all
the world knows that she is loved and served
by such a knight as your worship seems to be."
At this Don Quixote heaved a deep sigh and
said, "I cannot say positively whether my sweet
enemy is pleased or not that the world should
know I serve her; I can only say in answer to
what has been so courteously asked of me, that
her name is Dulcinea, her country El Toboso, a
village of La Mancha, her rank must be at least
that of a princess, since she is my queen and
lady, and her beauty superhuman, since all the
impossible and fanciful attributes of beauty
which the poets apply to their ladies are veri-
fied in her; for her hairs are gold, her forehead
Elysian fields, her eyebrows rainbows, her eyes
suns, her cheeks roses, her lips coral, her teeth
pearls, her neck alabaster, her bosom marble,
her hands ivory, her fairness snow, and what
modesty conceals from sight such, I think and
imagine, as rational reflection can only extol,
not compare."
"We should like to know her lineage, race,
and ancestry," said Vivaldo.
To which Don Quixote replied, "She is not of
the ancient Roman Curtii, Caii, or Scipios, nor
of the modern Colonnas or Orsini, nor of the
Moncadas or Requesenes of Catalonia, nor yet
of the Rebellas or Villanovas of Valencia; Pala-
foxes, Nuzas, Rocabertis, Corellas, Lunas, Ala-
gones, Urreas, Foces, or Gurreas of Aragon;
Cerdas, Manriques, Mendozas, or Guzmans of
Castile; Alencastros, Pallas, or Meneses of Por-
tugal; but she is of those of El Toboso of La
Mancha, a lineage that though modern, may
furnish a source of gentle blood for the most
illustrious families of the ages that are to come,
and this let none dispute with me save on the
condition that Zerbino placed at the foot of the
trophy of Orlando's arms, saying,
'These let none move Who dareth not his
might with Roland prove.'"
"Although mine is of the Cachopins of Lare-
do," said the traveller, "I will not venture to
compare it with that of El Toboso of La Man-
cha, though, to tell the truth, no such surname
has until now ever reached my ears."
"What!" said Don Quixote, "has that never
reached them?"
The rest of the party went along listening
with great attention to the conversation of the
pair, and even the very goatherds and shep-
herds perceived how exceedingly out of his
wits our Don Quixote was. Sancho Panza alone
thought that what his master said was the
truth, knowing who he was and having known
him from his birth; and all that he felt any diffi-
culty in believing was that about the fair Dulci-
nea del Toboso, because neither any such name
nor any such princess had ever come to his
knowledge though he lived so close to El Tobo-
so. They were going along conversing in this
way, when they saw descending a gap between
two high mountains some twenty shepherds,
all clad in sheepskins of black wool, and crow-
ned with garlands which, as afterwards appea-
red, were, some of them of yew, some of cy-
press. Six of the number were carrying a bier
covered with a great variety of flowers and
branches, on seeing which one of the goatherds
said, "Those who come there are the bearers of
Chrysostom's body, and the foot of that moun-
tain is the place where he ordered them to bury
him." They therefore made haste to reach the
spot, and did so by the time those who came
had laid the bier upon the ground, and four of
them with sharp pickaxes were digging a grave
by the side of a hard rock. They greeted each
other courteously, and then Don Quixote and
those who accompanied him turned to examine
the bier, and on it, covered with flowers, they
saw a dead body in the dress of a shepherd, to
all appearance of one thirty years of age, and
showing even in death that in life he had been
of comely features and gallant bearing. Around
him on the bier itself were laid some books, and
several papers open and folded; and those who
were looking on as well as those who were
opening the grave and all the others who were
there preserved a strange silence, until one of
those who had borne the body said to another,
"Observe carefully, Ambrosia if this is the place
Chrysostom spoke of, since you are anxious
that what he directed in his will should be so
strictly complied with."
"This is the place," answered Ambrosia "for
in it many a time did my poor friend tell me the
story of his hard fortune. Here it was, he told
me, that he saw for the first time that mortal
enemy of the human race, and here, too, for the
first time he declared to her his passion, as
honourable as it was devoted, and here it was
that at last Marcela ended by scorning and re-
jecting him so as to bring the tragedy of his
wretched life to a close; here, in memory of
misfortunes so great, he desired to be laid in
the bowels of eternal oblivion." Then turning to
Don Quixote and the travellers he went on to
say, "That body, sirs, on which you are looking
with compassionate eyes, was the abode of a
soul on which Heaven bestowed a vast share of
its riches. That is the body of Chrysostom, who
was unrivalled in wit, unequalled in courtesy,
unapproached in gentle bearing, a phoenix in
friendship, generous without limit, grave wit-
hout arrogance, gay without vulgarity, and, in
short, first in all that constitutes goodness and
second to none in all that makes up misfortune.
He loved deeply, he was hated; he adored, he
was scorned; he wooed a wild beast, he plea-
ded with marble, he pursued the wind, he cried
to the wilderness, he served ingratitude, and
for reward was made the prey of death in the
mid-course of life, cut short by a shepherdess
whom he sought to immortalise in the memory
of man, as these papers which you see could
fully prove, had he not commanded me to con-
sign them to the fire after having consigned his
body to the earth."
"You would deal with them more harshly
and cruelly than their owner himself," said Vi-
valdo, "for it is neither right nor proper to do
the will of one who enjoins what is wholly un-
reasonable; it would not have been reasonable
in Augustus Caesar had he permitted the direc-
tions left by the divine Mantuan in his will to
be carried into effect. So that, Senor Ambrosia
while you consign your friend's body to the
earth, you should not consign his writings to
oblivion, for if he gave the order in bitterness of
heart, it is not right that you should irrationally
obey it. On the contrary, by granting life to tho-
se papers, let the cruelty of Marcela live for
ever, to serve as a warning in ages to come to
all men to shun and avoid falling into like dan-
ger; or I and all of us who have come here
know already the story of this your love-
stricken and heart-broken friend, and we know,
too, your friendship, and the cause of his death,
and the directions he gave at the close of his
life; from which sad story may be gathered how
great was the cruelty of Marcela, the love of
Chrysostom, and the loyalty of your friendship,
together with the end awaiting those who pur-
sue rashly the path that insane passion opens to
their eyes. Last night we learned the death of
Chrysostom and that he was to be buried here,
and out of curiosity and pity we left our direct
road and resolved to come and see with our
eyes that which when heard of had so moved
our compassion, and in consideration of that
compassion and our desire to prove it if we
might by condolence, we beg of you, excellent
Ambrosia, or at least I on my own account en-
treat you, that instead of burning those papers
you allow me to carry away some of them."
And without waiting for the shepherd's
answer, he stretched out his hand and took up
some of those that were nearest to him; seeing
which Ambrosio said, "Out of courtesy, senor, I
will grant your request as to those you have
taken, but it is idle to expect me to abstain from
burning the remainder."
Vivaldo, who was eager to see what the pa-
pers contained, opened one of them at once,
and saw that its title was "Lay of Despair."
Ambrosio hearing it said, "That is the last
paper the unhappy man wrote; and that you
may see, senor, to what an end his misfortunes
brought him, read it so that you may be heard,
for you will have time enough for that while
we are waiting for the grave to be dug."
"I will do so very willingly," said Vivaldo;
and as all the bystanders were equally eager
they gathered round him, and he, reading in a
loud voice, found that it ran as follows.
 CHAPTER XIV.

WHEREIN ARE INSERTED THE

DESPAIRING VERSES OF THE DEAD
SHEPHERD, TOGETHER WITH OT-
HER INCIDENTS NOT LOOKED FOR

THE LAY OF CHRYSOSTOM

Since thou dost in thy cruelty desire
The ruthless rigour of thy tyranny
From tongue to tongue, from land to land pro-
claimed,
The very Hell will I constrain to lend
This stricken breast of mine deep notes of woe
To serve my need of fitting utterance.
And as I strive to body forth the tale
Of all I suffer, all that thou hast done,
Forth shall the dread voice roll, and bear along
Shreds from my vitals torn for greater pain.
Then listen, not to dulcet harmony,
But to a discord wrung by mad despair
Out of this bosom's depths of bitterness,
To ease my heart and plant a sting in thine.
The lion's roar, the fierce wolf's savage
howl,
The horrid hissing of the scaly snake,
The awesome cries of monsters yet unnamed,
The crow's ill-boding croak, the hollow moan
Of wild winds wrestling with the restless sea,
The wrathful bellow of the vanquished bull,
The plaintive sobbing of the widowed dove,
The envied owl's sad note, the wail of woe
That rises from the dreary choir of Hell,
Commingled in one sound, confusing sense,
Let all these come to aid my soul's complaint,
For pain like mine demands new modes of
song.
No echoes of that discord shall be heard
Where Father Tagus rolls, or on the banks
Of olive-bordered Betis; to the rocks
Or in deep caverns shall my plaint be told,
And by a lifeless tongue in living words;
Or in dark valleys or on lonely shores,
Where neither foot of man nor sunbeam falls;
Or in among the poison-breathing swarms
Of monsters nourished by the sluggish Nile.
For, though it be to solitudes remote
The hoarse vague echoes of my sorrows sound
Thy matchless cruelty, my dismal fate
Shall carry them to all the spacious world.
Disdain hath power to kill, and patience di-
es
Slain by suspicion, be it false or true;
And deadly is the force of jealousy;
Long absence makes of life a dreary void;
No hope of happiness can give repose
To him that ever fears to be forgot;
And death, inevitable, waits in hall.
But I, by some strange miracle, live on
A prey to absence, jealousy, disdain;
Racked by suspicion as by certainty;
Forgotten, left to feed my flame alone.
And while I suffer thus, there comes no ray
Of hope to gladden me athwart the gloom;
Nor do I look for it in my despair;
But rather clinging to a cureless woe,
All hope do I abjure for evermore.
Can there be hope where fear is? Were it
well,
When far more certain are the grounds of fear?
Ought I to shut mine eyes to jealousy,
If through a thousand heart-wounds it appe-
ars?
Who would not give free access to distrust,
Seeing disdain unveiled, and—bitter change!—
All his suspicions turned to certainties,
And the fair truth transformed into a lie?
Oh, thou fierce tyrant of the realms of love,
Oh, Jealousy! put chains upon these hands,
And bind me with thy strongest cord, Disdain.
But, woe is me! triumphant over all,
My sufferings drown the memory of you.
And now I die, and since there is no hope
Of happiness for me in life or death,
Still to my fantasy I'll fondly cling.
I'll say that he is wise who loveth well,
And that the soul most free is that most bound
In thraldom to the ancient tyrant Love.
I'll say that she who is mine enemy
In that fair body hath as fair a mind,
And that her coldness is but my desert,
And that by virtue of the pain he sends
Love rules his kingdom with a gentle sway.
Thus, self-deluding, and in bondage sore,
And wearing out the wretched shred of life
To which I am reduced by her disdain,
I'll give this soul and body to the winds,
All hopeless of a crown of bliss in store.
Thou whose injustice hath supplied the
cause
That makes me quit the weary life I loathe,
As by this wounded bosom thou canst see
How willingly thy victim I become,
Let not my death, if haply worth a tear,
Cloud the clear heaven that dwells in thy bright
eyes;
I would not have thee expiate in aught
The crime of having made my heart thy prey;
But rather let thy laughter gaily ring
And prove my death to be thy festival.
Fool that I am to bid thee! well I know
Thy glory gains by my untimely end.
And now it is the time; from Hell's abyss
Come thirsting Tantalus, come Sisyphus
Heaving the cruel stone, come Tityus
With vulture, and with wheel Ixion come,
And come the sisters of the ceaseless toil;
And all into this breast transfer their pains,
And (if such tribute to despair be due)
Chant in their deepest tones a doleful dirge
Over a corse unworthy of a shroud.
Let the three-headed guardian of the gate,
And all the monstrous progeny of hell,
The doleful concert join: a lover dead
Methinks can have no fitter obsequies.
Lay of despair, grieve not when thou art
gone
Forth from this sorrowing heart: my misery
Brings fortune to the cause that gave thee birth;
Then banish sadness even in the tomb.

The "Lay of Chrysostom" met with the ap-

probation of the listeners, though the reader
said it did not seem to him to agree with what
he had heard of Marcela's reserve and proprie-
ty, for Chrysostom complained in it of jealousy,
suspicion, and absence, all to the prejudice of
the good name and fame of Marcela; to which
Ambrosio replied as one who knew well his
friend's most secret thoughts, "Senor, to remove
that doubt I should tell you that when the un-
happy man wrote this lay he was away from
Marcela, from whom he had voluntarily sepa-
rated himself, to try if absence would act with
him as it is wont; and as everything distresses
and every fear haunts the banished lover, so
imaginary jealousies and suspicions, dreaded
as if they were true, tormented Chrysostom;
and thus the truth of what report declares of
the virtue of Marcela remains unshaken, and
with her envy itself should not and cannot find
any fault save that of being cruel, somewhat
haughty, and very scornful."
"That is true," said Vivaldo; and as he was
about to read another paper of those he had
preserved from the fire, he was stopped by a
marvellous vision (for such it seemed) that
unexpectedly presented itself to their eyes; for
on the summit of the rock where they were
digging the grave there appeared the shepher-
dess Marcela, so beautiful that her beauty ex-
ceeded its reputation. Those who had never till
then beheld her gazed upon her in wonder and
silence, and those who were accustomed to see
her were not less amazed than those who had
never seen her before. But the instant Ambrosio
saw her he addressed her, with manifest indig-
nation:
"Art thou come, by chance, cruel basilisk of
these mountains, to see if in thy presence blood
will flow from the wounds of this wretched
being thy cruelty has robbed of life; or is it to
exult over the cruel work of thy humours that
thou art come; or like another pitiless Nero to
look down from that height upon the ruin of
his Rome in embers; or in thy arrogance to
trample on this ill-fated corpse, as the ungrate-
ful daughter trampled on her father Tarquin's?
Tell us quickly for what thou art come, or what
it is thou wouldst have, for, as I know the
thoughts of Chrysostom never failed to obey
thee in life, I will make all these who call them-
selves his friends obey thee, though he be de-
ad."
"I come not, Ambrosia for any of the purpo-
ses thou hast named," replied Marcela, "but to
defend myself and to prove how unreasonable
are all those who blame me for their sorrow
and for Chrysostom's death; and therefore I ask
all of you that are here to give me your atten-
tion, for will not take much time or many
words to bring the truth home to persons of
sense. Heaven has made me, so you say, beauti-
ful, and so much so that in spite of yourselves
my beauty leads you to love me; and for the
love you show me you say, and even urge, that
I am bound to love you. By that natural unders-
tanding which God has given me I know that
everything beautiful attracts love, but I cannot
see how, by reason of being loved, that which is
loved for its beauty is bound to love that which
loves it; besides, it may happen that the lover of
that which is beautiful may be ugly, and ugli-
ness being detestable, it is very absurd to say, "I
love thee because thou art beautiful, thou must
love me though I be ugly." But supposing the
beauty equal on both sides, it does not follow
that the inclinations must be therefore alike, for
it is not every beauty that excites love, some but
pleasing the eye without winning the affection;
and if every sort of beauty excited love and
won the heart, the will would wander vaguely
to and fro unable to make choice of any; for as
there is an infinity of beautiful objects there
must be an infinity of inclinations, and true
love, I have heard it said, is indivisible, and
must be voluntary and not compelled. If this be
so, as I believe it to be, why do you desire me to
bend my will by force, for no other reason but
that you say you love me? Nay—tell me—had
Heaven made me ugly, as it has made me beau-
tiful, could I with justice complain of you for
not loving me? Moreover, you must remember
that the beauty I possess was no choice of mine,
for, be it what it may, Heaven of its bounty ga-
ve it me without my asking or choosing it; and
as the viper, though it kills with it, does not
deserve to be blamed for the poison it carries,
as it is a gift of nature, neither do I deserve re-
proach for being beautiful; for beauty in a mo-
dest woman is like fire at a distance or a sharp
sword; the one does not burn, the other does
not cut, those who do not come too near.
Honour and virtue are the ornaments of the
mind, without which the body, though it be so,
has no right to pass for beautiful; but if modes-
ty is one of the virtues that specially lend a gra-
ce and charm to mind and body, why should
she who is loved for her beauty part with it to
gratify one who for his pleasure alone strives
with all his might and energy to rob her of it? I
was born free, and that I might live in freedom
I chose the solitude of the fields; in the trees of
the mountains I find society, the clear waters of
the brooks are my mirrors, and to the trees and
waters I make known my thoughts and charms.
I am a fire afar off, a sword laid aside. Those
whom I have inspired with love by letting them
see me, I have by words undeceived, and if
their longings live on hope—and I have given
none to Chrysostom or to any other—it cannot
justly be said that the death of any is my doing,
for it was rather his own obstinacy than my
cruelty that killed him; and if it be made a
charge against me that his wishes were honou-
rable, and that therefore I was bound to yield to
them, I answer that when on this very spot
where now his grave is made he declared to me
his purity of purpose, I told him that mine was
to live in perpetual solitude, and that the earth
alone should enjoy the fruits of my retirement
and the spoils of my beauty; and if, after this
open avowal, he chose to persist against hope
and steer against the wind, what wonder is it
that he should sink in the depths of his infatua-
tion? If I had encouraged him, I should be false;
if I had gratified him, I should have acted
against my own better resolution and purpose.
He was persistent in spite of warning, he des-
paired without being hated. Bethink you now if
it be reasonable that his suffering should be
laid to my charge. Let him who has been decei-
ved complain, let him give way to despair
whose encouraged hopes have proved vain, let
him flatter himself whom I shall entice, let him
boast whom I shall receive; but let not him call
me cruel or homicide to whom I make no pro-
mise, upon whom I practise no deception,
whom I neither entice nor receive. It has not
been so far the will of Heaven that I should
love by fate, and to expect me to love by choice
is idle. Let this general declaration serve for
each of my suitors on his own account, and let
it be understood from this time forth that if
anyone dies for me it is not of jealousy or mise-
ry he dies, for she who loves no one can give no
cause for jealousy to any, and candour is not to
be confounded with scorn. Let him who calls
me wild beast and basilisk, leave me alone as
something noxious and evil; let him who calls
me ungrateful, withhold his service; who calls
me wayward, seek not my acquaintance; who
calls me cruel, pursue me not; for this wild be-
ast, this basilisk, this ungrateful, cruel, way-
ward being has no kind of desire to seek, serve,
know, or follow them. If Chrysostom's impa-
tience and violent passion killed him, why
should my modest behaviour and circumspec-
tion be blamed? If I preserve my purity in the
society of the trees, why should he who would
have me preserve it among men, seek to rob me
of it? I have, as you know, wealth of my own,
and I covet not that of others; my taste is for
freedom, and I have no relish for constraint; I
neither love nor hate anyone; I do not deceive
this one or court that, or trifle with one or play
with another. The modest converse of the
shepherd girls of these hamlets and the care of
my goats are my recreations; my desires are
bounded by these mountains, and if they ever
wander hence it is to contemplate the beauty of
the heavens, steps by which the soul travels to
its primeval abode."
With these words, and not waiting to hear a
reply, she turned and passed into the thickest
part of a wood that was hard by, leaving all
who were there lost in admiration as much of
her good sense as of her beauty. Some—those
wounded by the irresistible shafts launched by
her bright eyes—made as though they would
follow her, heedless of the frank declaration
they had heard; seeing which, and deeming
this a fitting occasion for the exercise of his chi-
valry in aid of distressed damsels, Don Quixo-
te, laying his hand on the hilt of his sword, ex-
claimed in a loud and distinct voice:
"Let no one, whatever his rank or condition,
dare to follow the beautiful Marcela, under
pain of incurring my fierce indignation. She has
shown by clear and satisfactory arguments that
little or no fault is to be found with her for the
death of Chrysostom, and also how far she is
from yielding to the wishes of any of her lovers,
for which reason, instead of being followed and
persecuted, she should in justice be honoured
and esteemed by all the good people of the
world, for she shows that she is the only wo-
man in it that holds to such a virtuous resolu-
tion."
Whether it was because of the threats of Don
Quixote, or because Ambrosio told them to
fulfil their duty to their good friend, none of the
shepherds moved or stirred from the spot until,
having finished the grave and burned Chrysos-
tom's papers, they laid his body in it, not wit-
hout many tears from those who stood by.
They closed the grave with a heavy stone until
a slab was ready which Ambrosio said he me-
ant to have prepared, with an epitaph which
was to be to this effect:
Beneath the stone before your eyes
The body of a lover lies;
In life he was a shepherd swain,
In death a victim to disdain.
Ungrateful, cruel, coy, and fair,
Was she that drove him to despair,
And Love hath made her his ally
For spreading wide his tyranny.
They then strewed upon the grave a profu-
sion of flowers and branches, and all expres-
sing their condolence with his friend ambrosio,
took their Vivaldo and his companion did the
same; and Don Quixote bade farewell to his
hosts and to the travellers, who pressed him to
come with them to Seville, as being such a con-
venient place for finding adventures, for they
presented themselves in every street and round
every corner oftener than anywhere else. Don
Quixote thanked them for their advice and for
the disposition they showed to do him a fa-
vour, and said that for the present he would
not, and must not go to Seville until he had
cleared all these mountains of highwaymen
and robbers, of whom report said they were
full. Seeing his good intention, the travellers
were unwilling to press him further, and once
more bidding him farewell, they left him and
pursued their journey, in the course of which
they did not fail to discuss the story of Marcela
and Chrysostom as well as the madness of Don
Quixote. He, on his part, resolved to go in quest
of the shepherdess Marcela, and make offer to
her of all the service he could render her; but
things did not fall out with him as he expected,
according to what is related in the course of this
veracious history, of which the Second Part
ends here.
 CHAPTER XV.

IN WHICH IS RELATED THE UN-

FORTUNATE ADVENTURE THAT
DON QUIXOTE FELL IN WITH WHEN
HE FELL OUT WITH CERTAIN
HEARTLESS YANGUESANS

The sage Cide Hamete Benengeli relates that

as soon as Don Quixote took leave of his hosts
and all who had been present at the burial of
Chrysostom, he and his squire passed into the
same wood which they had seen the shepher-
dess Marcela enter, and after having wandered
for more than two hours in all directions in
search of her without finding her, they came to
a halt in a glade covered with tender grass, be-
side which ran a pleasant cool stream that invi-
ted and compelled them to pass there the hours
of the noontide heat, which by this time was
beginning to come on oppressively. Don
Quixote and Sancho dismounted, and turning
Rocinante and the ass loose to feed on the grass
that was there in abundance, they ransacked
the alforjas, and without any ceremony very
peacefully and sociably master and man made
their repast on what they found in them.
Sancho had not thought it worth while to
hobble Rocinante, feeling sure, from what he
knew of his staidness and freedom from incon-
tinence, that all the mares in the Cordova pas-
tures would not lead him into an impropriety.
Chance, however, and the devil, who is not
always asleep, so ordained it that feeding in
this valley there was a drove of Galician ponies
belonging to certain Yanguesan carriers, whose
way it is to take their midday rest with their
teams in places and spots where grass and wa-
ter abound; and that where Don Quixote chan-
ced to be suited the Yanguesans' purpose very
well. It so happened, then, that Rocinante took
a fancy to disport himself with their ladyships
the ponies, and abandoning his usual gait and
demeanour as he scented them, he, without
asking leave of his master, got up a briskish
little trot and hastened to make known his wis-
hes to them; they, however, it seemed, prefe-
rred their pasture to him, and received him
with their heels and teeth to such effect that
they soon broke his girths and left him naked
without a saddle to cover him; but what must
have been worse to him was that the carriers,
seeing the violence he was offering to their ma-
res, came running up armed with stakes, and so
belaboured him that they brought him sorely
battered to the ground.
By this time Don Quixote and Sancho, who
had witnessed the drubbing of
Rocinante, came up panting, and said Don
Quixote to Sancho:
"So far as I can see, friend Sancho, these are
not knights but base folk of low birth: I mention
it because thou canst lawfully aid me in taking
due vengeance for the insult offered to Roci-
nante before our eyes."
"What the devil vengeance can we take,"
answered Sancho, "if they are more than twen-
ty, and we no more than two, or, indeed, per-
haps not more than one and a half?"
"I count for a hundred," replied Don Quixo-
te, and without more words he drew his sword
and attacked the Yanguesans and excited and
impelled by the example of his master, Sancho
did the same; and to begin with, Don Quixote
delivered a slash at one of them that laid open
the leather jerkin he wore, together with a great
portion of his shoulder. The Yanguesans, se-
eing themselves assaulted by only two men
while they were so many, betook themselves to
their stakes, and driving the two into the midd-
le they began to lay on with great zeal and
energy; in fact, at the second blow they brought
Sancho to the ground, and Don Quixote fared
the same way, all his skill and high mettle avai-
ling him nothing, and fate willed it that he
should fall at the feet of Rocinante, who had
not yet risen; whereby it may be seen how fu-
riously stakes can pound in angry boorish
hands.
Then, seeing the mischief they had done, the
Yanguesans with all the haste they could loa-
ded their team and pursued their journey, lea-
ving the two adventurers a sorry sight and in
sorrier mood.
Sancho was the first to come to, and finding
himself close to his master he called to him in a
weak and doleful voice, "Senor Don Quixote,
ah, Senor Don Quixote!"
"What wouldst thou, brother Sancho?" ans-
wered Don Quixote in the same feeble suffering
tone as Sancho.
"I would like, if it were possible," answered
Sancho Panza, "your worship to give me a cou-
ple of sups of that potion of the fiery Blas, if it
be that you have any to hand there; perhaps it
will serve for broken bones as well as for
wounds."
 "If I only had it here, wretch that I am, what
more should we want?" said Don Quixote; "but
I swear to thee, Sancho Panza, on the faith of a
knight-errant, ere two days are over, unless
fortune orders otherwise, I mean to have it in
my possession, or my hand will have lost its
cunning."
"But in how many does your worship think
we shall have the use of our feet?" answered
Sancho Panza.
"For myself I must say I cannot guess how
many," said the battered knight Don Quixote;
"but I take all the blame upon myself, for I had
no business to put hand to sword against men
who where not dubbed knights like myself,
and so I believe that in punishment for having
transgressed the laws of chivalry the God of
battles has permitted this chastisement to be
administered to me; for which reason, brother
Sancho, it is well thou shouldst receive a hint
on the matter which I am now about to mention
to thee, for it is of much importance to the wel-
fare of both of us. It is at when thou shalt see
rabble of this sort offering us insult thou art not
to wait till I draw sword against them, for I
shall not do so at all; but do thou draw sword
and chastise them to thy heart's content, and if
any knights come to their aid and defence I will
take care to defend thee and assail them with
all my might; and thou hast already seen by a
thousand signs and proofs what the might of
this strong arm of mine is equal to"—so uplif-
ted had the poor gentleman become through
the victory over the stout Biscayan.
But Sancho did not so fully approve of his
master's admonition as to let it pass without
saying in reply, "Senor, I am a man of peace,
meek and quiet, and I can put up with any af-
front because I have a wife and children to
support and bring up; so let it be likewise a hint
to your worship, as it cannot be a mandate, that
on no account will I draw sword either against
clown or against knight, and that here before
God I forgive the insults that have been offered
me, whether they have been, are, or shall be
offered me by high or low, rich or poor, noble
or commoner, not excepting any rank or condi-
tion whatsoever."
To all which his master said in reply, "I wish
I had breath enough to speak somewhat easily,
and that the pain I feel on this side would abate
so as to let me explain to thee, Panza, the mis-
take thou makest. Come now, sinner, suppose
the wind of fortune, hitherto so adverse, should
turn in our favour, filling the sails of our desi-
res so that safely and without impediment we
put into port in some one of those islands I
have promised thee, how would it be with thee
if on winning it I made thee lord of it? Why,
thou wilt make it well-nigh impossible through
not being a knight nor having any desire to be
one, nor possessing the courage nor the will to
avenge insults or defend thy lordship; for thou
must know that in newly conquered kingdoms
and provinces the minds of the inhabitants are
never so quiet nor so well disposed to the new
lord that there is no fear of their making some
move to change matters once more, and try, as
they say, what chance may do for them; so it is
essential that the new possessor should have
good sense to enable him to govern, and valour
to attack and defend himself, whatever may
befall him."
"In what has now befallen us," answered
Sancho, "I'd have been well pleased to have
that good sense and that valour your worship
speaks of, but I swear on the faith of a poor
man I am more fit for plasters than for argu-
ments. See if your worship can get up, and let
us help Rocinante, though he does not deserve
it, for he was the main cause of all this thras-
hing. I never thought it of Rocinante, for I took
him to be a virtuous person and as quiet as my-
self. After all, they say right that it takes a long
time to come to know people, and that there is
nothing sure in this life. Who would have said
that, after such mighty slashes as your worship
gave that unlucky knight-errant, there was co-
ming, travelling post and at the very heels of
them, such a great storm of sticks as has fallen
upon our shoulders?"
"And yet thine, Sancho," replied Don Quixo-
te, "ought to be used to such squalls; but mine,
reared in soft cloth and fine linen, it is plain
they must feel more keenly the pain of this
mishap, and if it were not that I imagine—why
do I say imagine?—know of a certainty that all
these annoyances are very necessary accompa-
niments of the calling of arms, I would lay me
down here to die of pure vexation."
To this the squire replied, "Senor, as these
mishaps are what one reaps of chivalry, tell me
if they happen very often, or if they have their
own fixed times for coming to pass; because it
seems to me that after two harvests we shall be
no good for the third, unless God in his infinite
mercy helps us."
"Know, friend Sancho," answered Don
Quixote, "that the life of knights-errant is sub-
ject to a thousand dangers and reverses, and
neither more nor less is it within immediate
possibility for knights-errant to become kings
and emperors, as experience has shown in the
case of many different knights with whose his-
tories I am thoroughly acquainted; and I could
tell thee now, if the pain would let me, of some
who simply by might of arm have risen to the
high stations I have mentioned; and those sa-
me, both before and after, experienced divers
misfortunes and miseries; for the valiant Ama-
dis of Gaul found himself in the power of his
mortal enemy Arcalaus the magician, who, it is
positively asserted, holding him captive, gave
him more than two hundred lashes with the
reins of his horse while tied to one of the pillars
of a court; and moreover there is a certain re-
condite author of no small authority who says
that the Knight of Phoebus, being caught in a
certain pitfall, which opened under his feet in a
certain castle, on falling found himself bound
hand and foot in a deep pit underground, whe-
re they administered to him one of those things
they call clysters, of sand and snow-water, that
well-nigh finished him; and if he had not been
succoured in that sore extremity by a sage, a
great friend of his, it would have gone very
hard with the poor knight; so I may well suffer
in company with such worthy folk, for greater
were the indignities which they had to suffer
than those which we suffer. For I would have
thee know, Sancho, that wounds caused by any
instruments which happen by chance to be in
hand inflict no indignity, and this is laid down
in the law of the duel in express words: if, for
instance, the cobbler strikes another with the
last which he has in his hand, though it be in
fact a piece of wood, it cannot be said for that
reason that he whom he struck with it has been
cudgelled. I say this lest thou shouldst imagine
that because we have been drubbed in this af-
fray we have therefore suffered any indignity;
for the arms those men carried, with which
they pounded us, were nothing more than their
stakes, and not one of them, so far as I remem-
ber, carried rapier, sword, or dagger."
"They gave me no time to see that much,"
answered Sancho, "for hardly had I laid hand
on my tizona when they signed the cross on my
shoulders with their sticks in such style that
they took the sight out of my eyes and the
strength out of my feet, stretching me where I
now lie, and where thinking of whether all tho-
se stake-strokes were an indignity or not gives
me no uneasiness, which the pain of the blows
does, for they will remain as deeply impressed
on my memory as on my shoulders."
"For all that let me tell thee, brother Panza,"
said Don Quixote, "that there is no recollection
which time does not put an end to, and no pain
which death does not remove."
"And what greater misfortune can there be,"
replied Panza, "than the one that waits for time
to put an end to it and death to remove it? If
our mishap were one of those that are cured
with a couple of plasters, it would not be so
bad; but I am beginning to think that all the
plasters in a hospital almost won't be enough to
put us right."
"No more of that: pluck strength out of we-
akness, Sancho, as I mean to do," returned Don
Quixote, "and let us see how Rocinante is, for it
seems to me that not the least share of this mis-
hap has fallen to the lot of the poor beast."
"There is nothing wonderful in that," replied
Sancho, "since he is a knight-errant too; what I
wonder at is that my beast should have come
off scot-free where we come out scotched."
"Fortune always leaves a door open in ad-
versity in order to bring relief to it," said Don
Quixote; "I say so because this little beast may
now supply the want of Rocinante, carrying me
hence to some castle where I may be cured of
my wounds. And moreover I shall not hold it
any dishonour to be so mounted, for I remem-
ber having read how the good old Silenus, the
tutor and instructor of the gay god of laughter,
when he entered the city of the hundred gates,
went very contentedly mounted on a handso-
me ass."
"It may be true that he went mounted as
your worship says," answered Sancho, "but
there is a great difference between going moun-
ted and going slung like a sack of manure."
To which Don Quixote replied, "Wounds re-
ceived in battle confer honour instead of taking
it away; and so, friend Panza, say no more, but,
as I told thee before, get up as well as thou
canst and put me on top of thy beast in whate-
ver fashion pleases thee best, and let us go hen-
ce ere night come on and surprise us in these
wilds."
"And yet I have heard your worship say,"
observed Panza, "that it is very meet for
knights-errant to sleep in wastes and deserts,
and that they esteem it very good fortune."
"That is," said Don Quixote, "when they
cannot help it, or when they are in love; and so
true is this that there have been knights who
have remained two years on rocks, in sunshine
and shade and all the inclemencies of heaven,
without their ladies knowing anything of it;
and one of these was Amadis, when, under the
name of Beltenebros, he took up his abode on
the Pena Pobre for—I know not if it was eight
years or eight months, for I am not very sure of
the reckoning; at any rate he stayed there doing
penance for I know not what pique the Princess
Oriana had against him; but no more of this
now, Sancho, and make haste before a mishap
like Rocinante's befalls the ass."
"The very devil would be in it in that case,"
said Sancho; and letting off thirty "ohs," and
sixty sighs, and a hundred and twenty maledic-
tions and execrations on whomsoever it was
that had brought him there, he raised himself,
stopping half-way bent like a Turkish bow wit-
hout power to bring himself upright, but with
all his pains he saddled his ass, who too had
gone astray somewhat, yielding to the excessi-
ve licence of the day; he next raised up Roci-
nante, and as for him, had he possessed a ton-
gue to complain with, most assuredly neither
Sancho nor his master would have been behind
him.
To be brief, Sancho fixed Don Quixote on the
ass and secured Rocinante with a leading rein,
and taking the ass by the halter, he proceeded
more or less in the direction in which it seemed
to him the high road might be; and, as chance
was conducting their affairs for them from go-
od to better, he had not gone a short league
when the road came in sight, and on it he per-
ceived an inn, which to his annoyance and to
the delight of Don Quixote must needs be a
castle. Sancho insisted that it was an inn, and
his master that it was not one, but a castle, and
the dispute lasted so long that before the point
was settled they had time to reach it, and into it
Sancho entered with all his team without any
further controversy.
 CHAPTER XVI.

OF WHAT HAPPENED TO THE IN-

GENIOUS GENTLEMAN IN THE INN
WHICH HE TOOK TO BE A CASTLE

The innkeeper, seeing Don Quixote slung

across the ass, asked Sancho what was amiss
with him. Sancho answered that it was nothing,
only that he had fallen down from a rock and
had his ribs a little bruised. The innkeeper had
a wife whose disposition was not such as those
of her calling commonly have, for she was by
nature kind-hearted and felt for the sufferings
of her neighbours, so she at once set about ten-
ding Don Quixote, and made her young daugh-
ter, a very comely girl, help her in taking care
of her guest. There was besides in the inn, as
servant, an Asturian lass with a broad face, flat
poll, and snub nose, blind of one eye and not
very sound in the other. The elegance of her
shape, to be sure, made up for all her defects;
she did not measure seven palms from head to
foot, and her shoulders, which overweighted
her somewhat, made her contemplate the
ground more than she liked. This graceful lass,
then, helped the young girl, and the two made
up a very bad bed for Don Quixote in a garret
that showed evident signs of having formerly
served for many years as a straw-loft, in which
there was also quartered a carrier whose bed
was placed a little beyond our Don Quixote's,
and, though only made of the pack-saddles and
cloths of his mules, had much the advantage of
it, as Don Quixote's consisted simply of four
rough boards on two not very even trestles, a
mattress, that for thinness might have passed
for a quilt, full of pellets which, were they not
seen through the rents to be wool, would to the
touch have seemed pebbles in hardness, two
sheets made of buckler leather, and a coverlet
the threads of which anyone that chose might
have counted without missing one in the rec-
koning.
On this accursed bed Don Quixote stretched
himself, and the hostess and her daughter soon
covered him with plasters from top to toe, whi-
le Maritornes—for that was the name of the
Asturian—held the light for them, and while
plastering him, the hostess, observing how full
of wheals Don Quixote was in some places,
remarked that this had more the look of blows
than of a fall.
It was not blows, Sancho said, but that the
rock had many points and projections, and that
each of them had left its mark. "Pray, senora,"
he added, "manage to save some tow, as there
will be no want of some one to use it, for my
loins too are rather sore."
"Then you must have fallen too," said the
hostess.
"I did not fall," said Sancho Panza, "but from
the shock I got at seeing my master fall, my
body aches so that I feel as if I had had a thou-
sand thwacks."
"That may well be," said the young girl, "for
it has many a time happened to me to dream
that I was falling down from a tower and never
coming to the ground, and when I awoke from
the dream to find myself as weak and shaken
as if I had really fallen."
"There is the point, senora," replied Sancho
Panza, "that I without dreaming at all, but
being more awake than I am now, find myself
with scarcely less wheals than my master, Don
Quixote."
"How is the gentleman called?" asked Mari-
tornes the Asturian.
"Don Quixote of La Mancha," answered San-
cho Panza, "and he is a knight-adventurer, and
one of the best and stoutest that have been seen
in the world this long time past."
"What is a knight-adventurer?" said the lass.
"Are you so new in the world as not to
know?" answered Sancho Panza. "Well, then,
you must know, sister, that a knight-
adventurer is a thing that in two words is seen
drubbed and emperor, that is to-day the most
miserable and needy being in the world, and
to-morrow will have two or three crowns of
kingdoms to give his squire."
"Then how is it," said the hostess, "that be-
longing to so good a master as this, you have
not, to judge by appearances, even so much as a
county?"
"It is too soon yet," answered Sancho, "for
we have only been a month going in quest of
adventures, and so far we have met with not-
hing that can be called one, for it will happen
that when one thing is looked for another thing
is found; however, if my master Don Quixote
gets well of this wound, or fall, and I am left
none the worse of it, I would not change my
hopes for the best title in Spain."
To all this conversation Don Quixote was lis-
tening very attentively, and sitting up in bed as
well as he could, and taking the hostess by the
hand he said to her, "Believe me, fair lady, you
may call yourself fortunate in having in this
castle of yours sheltered my person, which is
such that if I do not myself praise it, it is becau-
se of what is commonly said, that self-praise
debaseth; but my squire will inform you who I
am. I only tell you that I shall preserve for ever
inscribed on my memory the service you have
rendered me in order to tender you my grati-
tude while life shall last me; and would to
Heaven love held me not so enthralled and
subject to its laws and to the eyes of that fair
ingrate whom I name between my teeth, but
that those of this lovely damsel might be the
masters of my liberty."
The hostess, her daughter, and the worthy
Maritornes listened in bewilderment to the
words of the knight-errant; for they understood
about as much of them as if he had been talking
Greek, though they could perceive they were
all meant for expressions of good-will and
blandishments; and not being accustomed to
this kind of language, they stared at him and
wondered to themselves, for he seemed to them
a man of a different sort from those they were
used to, and thanking him in pothouse phrase
for his civility they left him, while the Asturian
gave her attention to Sancho, who needed it no
less than his master.
The carrier had made an arrangement with
her for recreation that night, and she had given
him her word that when the guests were quiet
and the family asleep she would come in search
of him and meet his wishes unreservedly. And
it is said of this good lass that she never made
promises of the kind without fulfilling them,
even though she made them in a forest and
without any witness present, for she plumed
herself greatly on being a lady and held it no
disgrace to be in such an employment as ser-
vant in an inn, because, she said, misfortunes
and ill-luck had brought her to that position.
The hard, narrow, wretched, rickety bed of Don
Quixote stood first in the middle of this star-lit
stable, and close beside it Sancho made his,
which merely consisted of a rush mat and a
blanket that looked as if it was of threadbare
canvas rather than of wool. Next to these two
beds was that of the carrier, made up, as has
been said, of the pack-saddles and all the trap-
pings of the two best mules he had, though
there were twelve of them, sleek, plump, and in
prime condition, for he was one of the rich ca-
rriers of Arevalo, according to the author of this
history, who particularly mentions this carrier
because he knew him very well, and they even
say was in some degree a relation of his; besi-
des which Cide Hamete Benengeli was a histo-
rian of great research and accuracy in all things,
as is very evident since he would not pass over
in silence those that have been already mentio-
ned, however trifling and insignificant they
might be, an example that might be followed
by those grave historians who relate transac-
tions so curtly and briefly that we hardly get a
taste of them, all the substance of the work
being left in the inkstand from carelessness,
perverseness, or ignorance. A thousand bles-
sings on the author of "Tablante de Ricamonte"
and that of the other book in which the deeds
of the Conde Tomillas are recounted; with what
minuteness they describe everything!
To proceed, then: after having paid a visit to
his team and given them their second feed, the
carrier stretched himself on his pack-saddles
and lay waiting for his conscientious Maritor-
nes. Sancho was by this time plastered and had
lain down, and though he strove to sleep the
pain of his ribs would not let him, while Don
Quixote with the pain of his had his eyes as
wide open as a hare's.
The inn was all in silence, and in the whole
of it there was no light except that given by a
lantern that hung burning in the middle of the
gateway. This strange stillness, and the
thoughts, always present to our knight's mind,
of the incidents described at every turn in the
books that were the cause of his misfortune,
conjured up to his imagination as extraordinary
a delusion as can well be conceived, which was
that he fancied himself to have reached a fa-
mous castle (for, as has been said, all the inns
he lodged in were castles to his eyes), and that
the daughter of the innkeeper was daughter of
the lord of the castle, and that she, won by his
high-bred bearing, had fallen in love with him,
and had promised to come to his bed for a whi-
le that night without the knowledge of her pa-
rents; and holding all this fantasy that he had
constructed as solid fact, he began to feel unea-
sy and to consider the perilous risk which his
virtue was about to encounter, and he resolved
in his heart to commit no treason to his lady
Dulcinea del Toboso, even though the queen
Guinevere herself and the dame Quintanona
should present themselves before him.
While he was taken up with these vagaries,
then, the time and the hour—an unlucky one
for him—arrived for the Asturian to come, who
in her smock, with bare feet and her hair gat-
hered into a fustian coif, with noiseless and
cautious steps entered the chamber where the
three were quartered, in quest of the carrier;
but scarcely had she gained the door when Don
Quixote perceived her, and sitting up in his bed
in spite of his plasters and the pain of his ribs,
he stretched out his arms to receive his beaute-
ous damsel. The Asturian, who went all dou-
bled up and in silence with her hands before
her feeling for her lover, encountered the arms
of Don Quixote, who grasped her tightly by the
wrist, and drawing her towards him, while she
dared not utter a word, made her sit down on
the bed. He then felt her smock, and although it
was of sackcloth it appeared to him to be of the
finest and softest silk: on her wrists she wore
some glass beads, but to him they had the she-
en of precious Orient pearls: her hair, which in
some measure resembled a horse's mane, he
rated as threads of the brightest gold of Araby,
whose refulgence dimmed the sun himself: her
breath, which no doubt smelt of yesterday's
stale salad, seemed to him to diffuse a sweet
aromatic fragrance from her mouth; and, in
short, he drew her portrait in his imagination
with the same features and in the same style as
that which he had seen in his books of the other
princesses who, smitten by love, came with all
the adornments that are here set down, to see
the sorely wounded knight; and so great was
the poor gentleman's blindness that neither
touch, nor smell, nor anything else about the
good lass that would have made any but a ca-
rrier vomit, were enough to undeceive him; on
the contrary, he was persuaded he had the
goddess of beauty in his arms, and holding her
firmly in his grasp he went on to say in low,
tender voice:
"Would that found myself, lovely and exal-
ted lady, in a position to repay such a favour as
that which you, by the sight of your great beau-
ty, have granted me; but fortune, which is ne-
ver weary of persecuting the good, has chosen
to place me upon this bed, where I lie so brui-
sed and broken that though my inclination
would gladly comply with yours it is impossi-
ble; besides, to this impossibility another yet
greater is to be added, which is the faith that I
have pledged to the peerless Dulcinea del To-
boso, sole lady of my most secret thoughts; and
were it not that this stood in the way I should
not be so insensible a knight as to miss the
happy opportunity which your great goodness
has offered me."
Maritornes was fretting and sweating at fin-
ding herself held so fast by Don Quixote, and
not understanding or heeding the words he
addressed to her, she strove without speaking
to free herself. The worthy carrier, whose un-
holy thoughts kept him awake, was aware of
his doxy the moment she entered the door, and
was listening attentively to all Don Quixote
said; and jealous that the Asturian should have
broken her word with him for another, drew
nearer to Don Quixote's bed and stood still to
see what would come of this talk which he
could not understand; but when he perceived
the wench struggling to get free and Don
Quixote striving to hold her, not relishing the
joke he raised his arm and delivered such a
terrible cuff on the lank jaws of the amorous
knight that he bathed all his mouth in blood,
and not content with this he mounted on his
ribs and with his feet tramped all over them at
a pace rather smarter than a trot. The bed
which was somewhat crazy and not very firm
on its feet, unable to support the additional
weight of the carrier, came to the ground, and
at the mighty crash of this the innkeeper awoke
and at once concluded that it must be some
brawl of Maritornes', because after calling loud-
ly to her he got no answer. With this suspicion
he got up, and lighting a lamp hastened to the
quarter where he had heard the disturbance.
The wench, seeing that her master was coming
and knowing that his temper was terrible,
frightened and panic-stricken made for the bed
of Sancho Panza, who still slept, and crouching
upon it made a ball of herself.
The innkeeper came in exclaiming, "Where
art thou, strumpet? Of course this is some of
thy work." At this Sancho awoke, and feeling
this mass almost on top of him fancied he had
the nightmare and began to distribute fisticuffs
all round, of which a certain share fell upon
Maritornes, who, irritated by the pain and flin-
ging modesty aside, paid back so many in re-
turn to Sancho that she woke him up in spite of
himself. He then, finding himself so handled,
by whom he knew not, raising himself up as
well as he could, grappled with Maritornes,
and he and she between them began the bitte-
rest and drollest scrimmage in the world. The
carrier, however, perceiving by the light of the
innkeeper candle how it fared with his ladylo-
ve, quitting Don Quixote, ran to bring her the
help she needed; and the innkeeper did the
same but with a different intention, for his was
to chastise the lass, as he believed that beyond a
doubt she alone was the cause of all the har-
mony. And so, as the saying is, cat to rat, rat to
rope, rope to stick, the carrier pounded Sancho,
Sancho the lass, she him, and the innkeeper her,
and all worked away so briskly that they did
not give themselves a moment's rest; and the
best of it was that the innkeeper's lamp went
out, and as they were left in the dark they all
laid on one upon the other in a mass so unmer-
cifully that there was not a sound spot left whe-
re a hand could light.
It so happened that there was lodging that
night in the inn a caudrillero of what they call
the Old Holy Brotherhood of Toledo, who, also
hearing the extraordinary noise of the conflict,
seized his staff and the tin case with his wa-
rrants, and made his way in the dark into the
room crying: "Hold! in the name of the Jurisdic-
tion! Hold! in the name of the Holy Brother-
hood!"
The first that he came upon was the pumme-
lled Don Quixote, who lay stretched senseless
on his back upon his broken-down bed, and,
his hand falling on the beard as he felt about,
he continued to cry, "Help for the Jurisdiction!"
but perceiving that he whom he had laid hold
of did not move or stir, he concluded that he
was dead and that those in the room were his
murderers, and with this suspicion he raised
his voice still higher, calling out, "Shut the inn
gate; see that no one goes out; they have killed
a man here!" This cry startled them all, and
each dropped the contest at the point at which
the voice reached him. The innkeeper retreated
to his room, the carrier to his pack-saddles, the
lass to her crib; the unlucky Don Quixote and
Sancho alone were unable to move from where
they were. The cuadrillero on this let go Don
Quixote's beard, and went out to look for a
light to search for and apprehend the culprits;
but not finding one, as the innkeeper had pur-
posely extinguished the lantern on retreating to
his room, he was compelled to have recourse to
the hearth, where after much time and trouble
he lit another lamp.

CHAPTER XVII.

IN WHICH ARE CONTAINED THE

INNUMERABLE TROUBLES WHICH
THE BRAVE DON QUIXOTE AND HIS
GOOD SQUIRE SANCHO PANZA
ENDURED IN THE INN, WHICH TO
HIS MISFORTUNE HE TOOK TO BE A
CASTLE
By this time Don Quixote had recovered
from his swoon; and in the same tone of voice
in which he had called to his squire the day
before when he lay stretched "in the vale of the
stakes," he began calling to him now, "Sancho,
my friend, art thou asleep? sleepest thou, friend
Sancho?"
"How can I sleep, curses on it!" returned
Sancho discontentedly and bitterly, "when it is
plain that all the devils have been at me this
night?"
"Thou mayest well believe that," answered
Don Quixote, "because, either I know little, or
this castle is enchanted, for thou must know-
but this that I am now about to tell thee thou
must swear to keep secret until after my death."
"I swear it," answered Sancho.
"I say so," continued Don Quixote, "because I
hate taking away anyone's good name."
"I say," replied Sancho, "that I swear to hold
my tongue about it till the end of your wors-
hip's days, and God grant I may be able to let it
out tomorrow."
"Do I do thee such injuries, Sancho," said
Don Quixote, "that thou wouldst see me dead
so soon?"
 "It is not for that," replied Sancho, "but be-
cause I hate keeping things long, and I don't
want them to grow rotten with me from over-
keeping."
"At any rate," said Don Quixote, "I have mo-
re confidence in thy affection and good nature;
and so I would have thee know that this night
there befell me one of the strangest adventures
that I could describe, and to relate it to thee
briefly thou must know that a little while ago
the daughter of the lord of this castle came to
me, and that she is the most elegant and beauti-
ful damsel that could be found in the wide
world. What I could tell thee of the charms of
her person! of her lively wit! of other secret
matters which, to preserve the fealty I owe to
my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, I shall pass over
unnoticed and in silence! I will only tell thee
that, either fate being envious of so great a bo-
on placed in my hands by good fortune, or
perhaps (and this is more probable) this castle
being, as I have already said, enchanted, at the
time when I was engaged in the sweetest and
most amorous discourse with her, there came,
without my seeing or knowing whence it came,
a hand attached to some arm of some huge
giant, that planted such a cuff on my jaws that I
have them all bathed in blood, and then pum-
melled me in such a way that I am in a worse
plight than yesterday when the carriers, on
account of Rocinante's misbehaviour, inflicted
on us the injury thou knowest of; whence con-
jecture that there must be some enchanted Mo-
or guarding the treasure of this damsel's beau-
ty, and that it is not for me."
"Not for me either," said Sancho, "for more
than four hundred Moors have so thrashed me
that the drubbing of the stakes was cakes and
fancy-bread to it. But tell me, senor, what do
you call this excellent and rare adventure that
has left us as we are left now? Though your
worship was not so badly off, having in your
arms that incomparable beauty you spoke of;
but I, what did I have, except the heaviest
whacks I think I had in all my life? Unlucky me
and the mother that bore me! for I am not a
knight-errant and never expect to be one, and
of all the mishaps, the greater part falls to my
share."
"Then thou hast been thrashed too?" said
Don Quixote.
"Didn't I say so? worse luck to my line!" said
Sancho.
"Be not distressed, friend," said Don Quixo-
te, "for I will now make the precious balsam
with which we shall cure ourselves in the twin-
kling of an eye."
By this time the cuadrillero had succeeded in
lighting the lamp, and came in to see the man
that he thought had been killed; and as Sancho
caught sight of him at the door, seeing him co-
ming in his shirt, with a cloth on his head, and
a lamp in his hand, and a very forbidding coun-
tenance, he said to his master, "Senor, can it be
that this is the enchanted Moor coming back to
give us more castigation if there be anything
still left in the ink-bottle?"
"It cannot be the Moor," answered Don
Quixote, "for those under enchantment do not
let themselves be seen by anyone."
"If they don't let themselves be seen, they let
themselves be felt," said
Sancho; "if not, let my shoulders speak to the
point."
"Mine could speak too," said Don Quixote,
"but that is not a sufficient reason for believing
that what we see is the enchanted Moor."
The officer came up, and finding them enga-
ged in such a peaceful conversation, stood
amazed; though Don Quixote, to be sure, still
lay on his back unable to move from pure
pummelling and plasters. The officer turned to
him and said, "Well, how goes it, good man?"
"I would speak more politely if I were you,"
replied Don Quixote; "is it the way of this coun-
try to address knights-errant in that style, you
booby?"
 The cuadrillero finding himself so disres-
pectfully treated by such a sorry-looking indi-
vidual, lost his temper, and raising the lamp
full of oil, smote Don Quixote such a blow with
it on the head that he gave him a badly broken
pate; then, all being in darkness, he went out,
and Sancho Panza said, "That is certainly the
enchanted Moor, Senor, and he keeps the trea-
sure for others, and for us only the cuffs and
lamp-whacks."
"That is the truth," answered Don Quixote,
"and there is no use in troubling oneself about
these matters of enchantment or being angry or
vexed at them, for as they are invisible and vi-
sionary we shall find no one on whom to aven-
ge ourselves, do what we may; rise, Sancho, if
thou canst, and call the alcaide of this fortress,
and get him to give me a little oil, wine, salt,
and rosemary to make the salutiferous balsam,
for indeed I believe I have great need of it now,
because I am losing much blood from the
wound that phantom gave me."
 Sancho got up with pain enough in his bo-
nes, and went after the innkeeper in the dark,
and meeting the officer, who was looking to see
what had become of his enemy, he said to him,
"Senor, whoever you are, do us the favour and
kindness to give us a little rosemary, oil, salt,
and wine, for it is wanted to cure one of the
best knights-errant on earth, who lies on yon-
der bed wounded by the hands of the enchan-
ted Moor that is in this inn."
When the officer heard him talk in this way,
he took him for a man out of his senses, and as
day was now beginning to break, he opened
the inn gate, and calling the host, he told him
what this good man wanted. The host furnis-
hed him with what he required, and Sancho
brought it to Don Quixote, who, with his hand
to his head, was bewailing the pain of the blow
of the lamp, which had done him no more
harm than raising a couple of rather large
lumps, and what he fancied blood was only the
sweat that flowed from him in his sufferings
during the late storm. To be brief, he took the
materials, of which he made a compound,
mixing them all and boiling them a good while
until it seemed to him they had come to perfec-
tion. He then asked for some vial to pour it in-
to, and as there was not one in the inn, he deci-
ded on putting it into a tin oil-bottle or flask of
which the host made him a free gift; and over
the flask he repeated more than eighty pater-
nosters and as many more ave-marias, salves,
and credos, accompanying each word with a
cross by way of benediction, at all which there
were present Sancho, the innkeeper, and the
cuadrillero; for the carrier was now peacefully
engaged in attending to the comfort of his mu-
les.
This being accomplished, he felt anxious to
make trial himself, on the spot, of the virtue of
this precious balsam, as he considered it, and so
he drank near a quart of what could not be put
into the flask and remained in the pigskin in
which it had been boiled; but scarcely had he
done drinking when he began to vomit in such
a way that nothing was left in his stomach, and
with the pangs and spasms of vomiting he bro-
ke into a profuse sweat, on account of which he
bade them cover him up and leave him alone.
They did so, and he lay sleeping more than
three hours, at the end of which he awoke and
felt very great bodily relief and so much ease
from his bruises that he thought himself quite
cured, and verily believed he had hit upon the
balsam of Fierabras; and that with this remedy
he might thenceforward, without any fear, face
any kind of destruction, battle, or combat,
however perilous it might be.
Sancho Panza, who also regarded the
amendment of his master as miraculous, beg-
ged him to give him what was left in the pigs-
kin, which was no small quantity. Don Quixote
consented, and he, taking it with both hands, in
good faith and with a better will, gulped down
and drained off very little less than his master.
But the fact is, that the stomach of poor Sancho
was of necessity not so delicate as that of his
master, and so, before vomiting, he was seized
with such gripings and retchings, and such
sweats and faintness, that verily and truly be
believed his last hour had come, and finding
himself so racked and tormented he cursed the
balsam and the thief that had given it to him.
Don Quixote seeing him in this state said, "It
is my belief, Sancho, that this mischief comes of
thy not being dubbed a knight, for I am per-
suaded this liquor cannot be good for those
who are not so."
"If your worship knew that," returned San-
cho—"woe betide me and all my kindred!—
why did you let me taste it?"
At this moment the draught took effect, and
the poor squire began to discharge both ways
at such a rate that the rush mat on which he
had thrown himself and the canvas blanket he
had covering him were fit for nothing after-
wards. He sweated and perspired with such
paroxysms and convulsions that not only he
himself but all present thought his end had
come. This tempest and tribulation lasted about
two hours, at the end of which he was left, not
like his master, but so weak and exhausted that
he could not stand. Don Quixote, however,
who, as has been said, felt himself relieved and
well, was eager to take his departure at once in
quest of adventures, as it seemed to him that all
the time he loitered there was a fraud upon the
world and those in it who stood in need of his
help and protection, all the more when he had
the security and confidence his balsam afforded
him; and so, urged by this impulse, he saddled
Rocinante himself and put the pack-saddle on
his squire's beast, whom likewise he helped to
dress and mount the ass; after which he moun-
ted his horse and turning to a corner of the inn
he laid hold of a pike that stood there, to serve
him by way of a lance. All that were in the inn,
who were more than twenty persons, stood
watching him; the innkeeper's daughter was
likewise observing him, and he too never took
his eyes off her, and from time to time fetched a
sigh that he seemed to pluck up from the
depths of his bowels; but they all thought it
must be from the pain he felt in his ribs; at any
rate they who had seen him plastered the night
before thought so.
As soon as they were both mounted, at the
gate of the inn, he called to the host and said in
a very grave and measured voice, "Many and
great are the favours, Senor Alcaide, that I have
received in this castle of yours, and I remain
under the deepest obligation to be grateful to
you for them all the days of my life; if I can
repay them in avenging you of any arrogant foe
who may have wronged you, know that my
calling is no other than to aid the weak, to
avenge those who suffer wrong, and to chastise
perfidy. Search your memory, and if you find
anything of this kind you need only tell me of
it, and I promise you by the order of knight-
hood which I have received to procure you
satisfaction and reparation to the utmost of
your desire."
The innkeeper replied to him with equal
calmness, "Sir Knight, I do not want your
worship to avenge me of any wrong, because
when any is done me I can take what vengean-
ce seems good to me; the only thing I want is
that you pay me the score that you have run up
in the inn last night, as well for the straw and
barley for your two beasts, as for supper and
beds."
"Then this is an inn?" said Don Quixote.
"And a very respectable one," said the inn-
keeper.
"I have been under a mistake all this time,"
answered Don Quixote, "for in truth I thought
it was a castle, and not a bad one; but since it
appears that it is not a castle but an inn, all that
can be done now is that you should excuse the
payment, for I cannot contravene the rule of
knights-errant, of whom I know as a fact (and
up to the present I have read nothing to the
contrary) that they never paid for lodging or
anything else in the inn where they might be;
for any hospitality that might be offered them
is their due by law and right in return for the
insufferable toil they endure in seeking adven-
tures by night and by day, in summer and in
winter, on foot and on horseback, in hunger
and thirst, cold and heat, exposed to all the
inclemencies of heaven and all the hardships of
earth."
"I have little to do with that," replied the
innkeeper; "pay me what you owe me, and let
us have no more talk of chivalry, for all I care
about is to get my money."
"You are a stupid, scurvy innkeeper," said
Don Quixote, and putting spurs to Rocinante
and bringing his pike to the slope he rode out
of the inn before anyone could stop him, and
pushed on some distance without looking to
see if his squire was following him.
The innkeeper when he saw him go without
paying him ran to get payment of Sancho, who
said that as his master would not pay neither
would he, because, being as he was squire to a
knight-errant, the same rule and reason held
good for him as for his master with regard to
not paying anything in inns and hostelries. At
this the innkeeper waxed very wroth, and
threatened if he did not pay to compel him in a
way that he would not like. To which Sancho
made answer that by the law of chivalry his
master had received he would not pay a rap,
though it cost him his life; for the excellent and
ancient usage of knights-errant was not going
to be violated by him, nor should the squires of
such as were yet to come into the world ever
complain of him or reproach him with breaking
so just a privilege.
The ill-luck of the unfortunate Sancho so or-
dered it that among the company in the inn
there were four woolcarders from Segovia,
three needle-makers from the Colt of Cordova,
and two lodgers from the Fair of Seville, lively
fellows, tender-hearted, fond of a joke, and
playful, who, almost as if instigated and moved
by a common impulse, made up to Sancho and
dismounted him from his ass, while one of
them went in for the blanket of the host's bed;
but on flinging him into it they looked up, and
seeing that the ceiling was somewhat lower
what they required for their work, they decided
upon going out into the yard, which was boun-
ded by the sky, and there, putting Sancho in the
middle of the blanket, they began to raise him
high, making sport with him as they would
with a dog at Shrovetide.
The cries of the poor blanketed wretch were
so loud that they reached the ears of his master,
who, halting to listen attentively, was persua-
ded that some new adventure was coming,
until he clearly perceived that it was his squire
who uttered them. Wheeling about he came up
to the inn with a laborious gallop, and finding
it shut went round it to see if he could find so-
me way of getting in; but as soon as he came to
the wall of the yard, which was not very high,
he discovered the game that was being played
with his squire. He saw him rising and falling
in the air with such grace and nimbleness that,
had his rage allowed him, it is my belief he
would have laughed. He tried to climb from his
horse on to the top of the wall, but he was so
bruised and battered that he could not even
dismount; and so from the back of his horse he
began to utter such maledictions and objurga-
tions against those who were blanketing San-
cho as it would be impossible to write down
accurately: they, however, did not stay their
laughter or their work for this, nor did the
flying Sancho cease his lamentations, mingled
now with threats, now with entreaties but all to
little purpose, or none at all, until from pure
weariness they left off. They then brought him
his ass, and mounting him on top of it they put
his jacket round him; and the compassionate
Maritornes, seeing him so exhausted, thought
fit to refresh him with a jug of water, and that it
might be all the cooler she fetched it from the
well. Sancho took it, and as he was raising it to
his mouth he was stopped by the cries of his
master exclaiming, "Sancho, my son, drink not
water; drink it not, my son, for it will kill thee;
see, here I have the blessed balsam (and he held
up the flask of liquor), and with drinking two
drops of it thou wilt certainly be restored."
At these words Sancho turned his eyes as-
quint, and in a still louder voice said, "Can it be
your worship has forgotten that I am not a
knight, or do you want me to end by vomiting
up what bowels I have left after last night? Ke-
ep your liquor in the name of all the devils, and
leave me to myself!" and at one and the same
instant he left off talking and began drinking;
but as at the first sup he perceived it was water
he did not care to go on with it, and begged
Maritornes to fetch him some wine, which she
did with right good will, and paid for it with
her own money; for indeed they say of her that,
though she was in that line of life, there was
some faint and distant resemblance to a Chris-
tian about her. When Sancho had done drin-
king he dug his heels into his ass, and the gate
of the inn being thrown open he passed out
very well pleased at having paid nothing and
carried his point, though it had been at the ex-
pense of his usual sureties, his shoulders. It is
true that the innkeeper detained his alforjas in
payment of what was owing to him, but Sancho
took his departure in such a flurry that he ne-
ver missed them. The innkeeper, as soon as he
saw him off, wanted to bar the gate close, but
the blanketers would not agree to it, for they
were fellows who would not have cared two
farthings for Don Quixote, even had he been
really one of the knights-errant of the Round
Table.
 CHAPTER XVIII.

IN WHICH IS RELATED THE DIS-

COURSE SANCHO PANZA HELD
WITH HIS MASTER, DON QUIXOTE,
AND OTHER ADVENTURES WORTH
RELATING
Sancho reached his master so limp and faint
that he could not urge on his beast. When Don
Quixote saw the state he was in he said, "I have
now come to the conclusion, good Sancho, that
this castle or inn is beyond a doubt enchanted,
because those who have so atrociously diverted
themselves with thee, what can they be but
phantoms or beings of another world? and I
hold this confirmed by having noticed that
when I was by the wall of the yard witnessing
the acts of thy sad tragedy, it was out of my
power to mount upon it, nor could I even dis-
mount from Rocinante, because they no doubt
had me enchanted; for I swear to thee by the
faith of what I am that if I had been able to
climb up or dismount, I would have avenged
thee in such a way that those braggart thieves
would have remembered their freak for ever,
even though in so doing I knew that I contra-
vened the laws of chivalry, which, as I have
often told thee, do not permit a knight to lay
hands on him who is not one, save in case of
urgent and great necessity in defence of his
own life and person."
"I would have avenged myself too if I
could," said Sancho, "whether I had been dub-
bed knight or not, but I could not; though for
my part I am persuaded those who amused
themselves with me were not phantoms or en-
chanted men, as your worship says, but men of
flesh and bone like ourselves; and they all had
their names, for I heard them name them when
they were tossing me, and one was called Pe-
dro Martinez, and another Tenorio Hernandez,
and the innkeeper, I heard, was called Juan
Palomeque the Left-handed; so that, senor,
your not being able to leap over the wall of the
yard or dismount from your horse came of so-
mething else besides enchantments; and what I
make out clearly from all this is, that these ad-
ventures we go seeking will in the end lead us
into such misadventures that we shall not
know which is our right foot; and that the best
and wisest thing, according to my small wits,
would be for us to return home, now that it is
harvest-time, and attend to our business, and
give over wandering from Zeca to Mecca and
from pail to bucket, as the saying is."
"How little thou knowest about chivalry,
Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "hold thy peace
and have patience; the day will come when
thou shalt see with thine own eyes what an
honourable thing it is to wander in the pursuit
of this calling; nay, tell me, what greater plea-
sure can there be in the world, or what delight
can equal that of winning a battle, and triump-
hing over one's enemy? None, beyond all
doubt."
"Very likely," answered Sancho, "though I
do not know it; all I know is that since we have
been knights-errant, or since your worship has
been one (for I have no right to reckon myself
one of so honourable a number) we have never
won any battle except the one with the Bisca-
yan, and even out of that your worship came
with half an ear and half a helmet the less; and
from that till now it has been all cudgellings
and more cudgellings, cuffs and more cuffs, I
getting the blanketing over and above, and fa-
lling in with enchanted persons on whom I
cannot avenge myself so as to know what the
delight, as your worship calls it, of conquering
an enemy is like."
"That is what vexes me, and what ought to
vex thee, Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "but
henceforward I will endeavour to have at hand
some sword made by such craft that no kind of
enchantments can take effect upon him who
carries it, and it is even possible that fortune
may procure for me that which belonged to
Amadis when he was called 'The Knight of the
Burning Sword,' which was one of the best
swords that ever knight in the world possessed,
for, besides having the said virtue, it cut like a
razor, and there was no armour, however
strong and enchanted it might be, that could
resist it."
"Such is my luck," said Sancho, "that even if
that happened and your worship found some
such sword, it would, like the balsam, turn out
serviceable and good for dubbed knights only,
and as for the squires, they might sup sorrow."
"Fear not that, Sancho," said Don Quixote:
"Heaven will deal better by thee."
Thus talking, Don Quixote and his squire
were going along, when, on the road they were
following, Don Quixote perceived approaching
them a large and thick cloud of dust, on seeing
which he turned to Sancho and said:
 "This is the day, Sancho, on which will be
seen the boon my fortune is reserving for me;
this, I say, is the day on which as much as on
any other shall be displayed the might of my
arm, and on which I shall do deeds that shall
remain written in the book of fame for all ages
to come. Seest thou that cloud of dust which
rises yonder? Well, then, all that is churned up
by a vast army composed of various and coun-
tless nations that comes marching there."
"According to that there must be two," said
Sancho, "for on this opposite side also there
rises just such another cloud of dust."
Don Quixote turned to look and found that
it was true, and rejoicing exceedingly, he con-
cluded that they were two armies about to en-
gage and encounter in the midst of that broad
plain; for at all times and seasons his fancy was
full of the battles, enchantments, adventures,
crazy feats, loves, and defiances that are recor-
ded in the books of chivalry, and everything he
said, thought, or did had reference to such
things. Now the cloud of dust he had seen was
raised by two great droves of sheep coming
along the same road in opposite directions,
which, because of the dust, did not become
visible until they drew near, but Don Quixote
asserted so positively that they were armies
that Sancho was led to believe it and say, "Well,
and what are we to do, senor?"
"What?" said Don Quixote: "give aid and as-
sistance to the weak and those who need it; and
thou must know, Sancho, that this which comes
opposite to us is conducted and led by the
mighty emperor Alifanfaron, lord of the great
isle of Trapobana; this other that marches
behind me is that of his enemy the king of the
Garamantas, Pentapolin of the Bare Arm, for he
always goes into battle with his right arm bare."
"But why are these two lords such enemies?"
"They are at enmity," replied Don Quixote,
"because this Alifanfaron is a furious pagan
and is in love with the daughter of Pentapolin,
who is a very beautiful and moreover gracious
lady, and a Christian, and her father is unwi-
lling to bestow her upon the pagan king unless
he first abandons the religion of his false prop-
het Mahomet, and adopts his own."
"By my beard," said Sancho, "but Pentapolin
does quite right, and I will help him as much as
I can."
"In that thou wilt do what is thy duty, San-
cho," said Don Quixote; "for to engage in battles
of this sort it is not requisite to be a dubbed
knight."
"That I can well understand," answered San-
cho; "but where shall we put this ass where we
may be sure to find him after the fray is over?
for I believe it has not been the custom so far to
go into battle on a beast of this kind."
"That is true," said Don Quixote, "and what
you had best do with him is to leave him to
take his chance whether he be lost or not, for
the horses we shall have when we come out
victors will be so many that even Rocinante will
run a risk of being changed for another. But
attend to me and observe, for I wish to give
thee some account of the chief knights who
accompany these two armies; and that thou
mayest the better see and mark, let us with-
draw to that hillock which rises yonder, when-
ce both armies may be seen."
They did so, and placed themselves on a ri-
sing ground from which the two droves that
Don Quixote made armies of might have been
plainly seen if the clouds of dust they raised
had not obscured them and blinded the sight;
nevertheless, seeing in his imagination what he
did not see and what did not exist, he began
thus in a loud voice:
"That knight whom thou seest yonder in ye-
llow armour, who bears upon his shield a lion
crowned crouching at the feet of a damsel, is
the valiant Laurcalco, lord of the Silver Bridge;
that one in armour with flowers of gold, who
bears on his shield three crowns argent on an
azure field, is the dreaded Micocolembo, grand
duke of Quirocia; that other of gigantic frame,
on his right hand, is the ever dauntless Branda-
barbaran de Boliche, lord of the three Arabias,
who for armour wears that serpent skin, and
has for shield a gate which, according to tradi-
tion, is one of those of the temple that Samson
brought to the ground when by his death he
revenged himself upon his enemies. But turn
thine eyes to the other side, and thou shalt see
in front and in the van of this other army the
ever victorious and never vanquished Timonel
of Carcajona, prince of New Biscay, who comes
in armour with arms quartered azure, vert,
white, and yellow, and bears on his shield a cat
or on a field tawny with a motto which says
Miau, which is the beginning of the name of his
lady, who according to report is the peerless
Miaulina, daughter of the duke Alfeniquen of
the Algarve; the other, who burdens and pres-
ses the loins of that powerful charger and bears
arms white as snow and a shield blank and
without any device, is a novice knight, a
Frenchman by birth, Pierres Papin by name,
lord of the baronies of Utrique; that other, who
with iron-shod heels strikes the flanks of that
nimble parti-coloured zebra, and for arms bears
azure vair, is the mighty duke of Nerbia, Espar-
tafilardo del Bosque, who bears for device on
his shield an asparagus plant with a motto in
Castilian that says, Rastrea mi suerte." And so
he went on naming a number of knights of one
squadron or the other out of his imagination,
and to all he assigned off-hand their arms, co-
lours, devices, and mottoes, carried away by
the illusions of his unheard-of craze; and wit-
hout a pause, he continued, "People of divers
nations compose this squadron in front; here
are those that drink of the sweet waters of the
famous Xanthus, those that scour the woody
Massilian plains, those that sift the pure fine
gold of Arabia Felix, those that enjoy the famed
cool banks of the crystal Thermodon, those that
in many and various ways divert the streams of
the golden Pactolus, the Numidians, faithless in
their promises, the Persians renowned in arche-
ry, the Parthians and the Medes that fight as
they fly, the Arabs that ever shift their dwe-
llings, the Scythians as cruel as they are fair, the
Ethiopians with pierced lips, and an infinity of
other nations whose features I recognise and
descry, though I cannot recall their names. In
this other squadron there come those that drink
of the crystal streams of the olive-bearing Betis,
those that make smooth their countenances
with the water of the ever rich and golden Ta-
gus, those that rejoice in the fertilising flow of
the divine Genil, those that roam the Tartesian
plains abounding in pasture, those that take
their pleasure in the Elysian meadows of Jerez,
the rich Manchegans crowned with ruddy ears
of corn, the wearers of iron, old relics of the
Gothic race, those that bathe in the Pisuerga
renowned for its gentle current, those that feed
their herds along the spreading pastures of the
winding Guadiana famed for its hidden course,
those that tremble with the cold of the pineclad
Pyrenees or the dazzling snows of the lofty
Apennine; in a word, as many as all Europe
includes and contains."
Good God! what a number of countries and
nations he named! giving to each its proper
attributes with marvellous readiness; brimful
and saturated with what he had read in his
lying books! Sancho Panza hung upon his
words without speaking, and from time to time
turned to try if he could see the knights and
giants his master was describing, and as he
could not make out one of them he said to him:
"Senor, devil take it if there's a sign of any
man you talk of, knight or giant, in the whole
thing; maybe it's all enchantment, like the
phantoms last night."
"How canst thou say that!" answered Don
Quixote; "dost thou not hear the neighing of the
steeds, the braying of the trumpets, the roll of
the drums?"
"I hear nothing but a great bleating of ewes
and sheep," said Sancho; which was true, for by
this time the two flocks had come close.
 "The fear thou art in, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "prevents thee from seeing or hearing
correctly, for one of the effects of fear is to de-
range the senses and make things appear diffe-
rent from what they are; if thou art in such fear,
withdraw to one side and leave me to myself,
for alone I suffice to bring victory to that side to
which I shall give my aid;" and so saying he
gave Rocinante the spur, and putting the lance
in rest, shot down the slope like a thunderbolt.
Sancho shouted after him, crying, "Come back,
Senor Don Quixote; I vow to God they are she-
ep and ewes you are charging! Come back! Un-
lucky the father that begot me! what madness is
this! Look, there is no giant, nor knight, nor
cats, nor arms, nor shields quartered or whole,
nor vair azure or bedevilled. What are you
about? Sinner that I am before God!" But not for
all these entreaties did Don Quixote turn back;
on the contrary he went on shouting out, "Ho,
knights, ye who follow and fight under the
banners of the valiant emperor Pentapolin of
the Bare Arm, follow me all; ye shall see how
easily I shall give him his revenge over his
enemy Alifanfaron of the Trapobana."
So saying, he dashed into the midst of the
squadron of ewes, and began spearing them
with as much spirit and intrepidity as if he we-
re transfixing mortal enemies in earnest. The
shepherds and drovers accompanying the flock
shouted to him to desist; seeing it was no use,
they ungirt their slings and began to salute his
ears with stones as big as one's fist. Don Quixo-
te gave no heed to the stones, but, letting drive
right and left kept saying:
"Where art thou, proud Alifanfaron? Come
before me; I am a single knight who would fain
prove thy prowess hand to hand, and make
thee yield thy life a penalty for the wrong thou
dost to the valiant Pentapolin Garamanta."
Here came a sugar-plum from the brook that
struck him on the side and buried a couple of
ribs in his body. Feeling himself so smitten, he
imagined himself slain or badly wounded for
certain, and recollecting his liquor he drew out
his flask, and putting it to his mouth began to
pour the contents into his stomach; but ere he
had succeeded in swallowing what seemed to
him enough, there came another almond which
struck him on the hand and on the flask so fair-
ly that it smashed it to pieces, knocking three or
four teeth and grinders out of his mouth in its
course, and sorely crushing two fingers of his
hand. Such was the force of the first blow and
of the second, that the poor knight in spite of
himself came down backwards off his horse.
The shepherds came up, and felt sure they had
killed him; so in all haste they collected their
flock together, took up the dead beasts, of
which there were more than seven, and made
off without waiting to ascertain anything furt-
her.
All this time Sancho stood on the hill wat-
ching the crazy feats his master was perfor-
ming, and tearing his beard and cursing the
hour and the occasion when fortune had made
him acquainted with him. Seeing him, then,
brought to the ground, and that the shepherds
had taken themselves off, he ran to him and
found him in very bad case, though not un-
conscious; and said he:
"Did I not tell you to come back, Senor Don
Quixote; and that what you were going to at-
tack were not armies but droves of sheep?"
"That's how that thief of a sage, my enemy,
can alter and falsify things," answered Don
Quixote; "thou must know, Sancho, that it is a
very easy matter for those of his sort to make us
believe what they choose; and this malignant
being who persecutes me, envious of the glory
he knew I was to win in this battle, has turned
the squadrons of the enemy into droves of she-
ep. At any rate, do this much, I beg of thee,
Sancho, to undeceive thyself, and see that what
I say is true; mount thy ass and follow them
quietly, and thou shalt see that when they have
gone some little distance from this they will
return to their original shape and, ceasing to be
sheep, become men in all respects as I descri-
bed them to thee at first. But go not just yet, for
I want thy help and assistance; come hither,
and see how many of my teeth and grinders are
missing, for I feel as if there was not one left in
my mouth."
Sancho came so close that he almost put his
eyes into his mouth; now just at that moment
the balsam had acted on the stomach of Don
Quixote, so, at the very instant when Sancho
came to examine his mouth, he discharged all
its contents with more force than a musket, and
full into the beard of the compassionate squire.
"Holy Mary!" cried Sancho, "what is this that
has happened me? Clearly this sinner is morta-
lly wounded, as he vomits blood from the
mouth;" but considering the matter a little more
closely he perceived by the colour, taste, and
smell, that it was not blood but the balsam from
the flask which he had seen him drink; and he
was taken with such a loathing that his sto-
mach turned, and he vomited up his inside
over his very master, and both were left in a
precious state. Sancho ran to his ass to get so-
mething wherewith to clean himself, and relie-
ve his master, out of his alforjas; but not finding
them, he well-nigh took leave of his senses, and
cursed himself anew, and in his heart resolved
to quit his master and return home, even
though he forfeited the wages of his service and
all hopes of the promised island.
Don Quixote now rose, and putting his left
hand to his mouth to keep his teeth from falling
out altogether, with the other he laid hold of
the bridle of Rocinante, who had never stirred
from his master's side—so loyal and well-
behaved was he—and betook himself to where
the squire stood leaning over his ass with his
hand to his cheek, like one in deep dejection.
Seeing him in this mood, looking so sad, Don
Quixote said to him:
"Bear in mind, Sancho, that one man is no
more than another, unless he does more than
another; all these tempests that fall upon us are
signs that fair weather is coming shortly, and
that things will go well with us, for it is impos-
sible for good or evil to last for ever; and hence
it follows that the evil having lasted long, the
good must be now nigh at hand; so thou must
not distress thyself at the misfortunes which
happen to me, since thou hast no share in
them."
"How have I not?" replied Sancho; "was he
whom they blanketed yesterday perchance any
other than my father's son? and the alforjas that
are missing to-day with all my treasures, did
they belong to any other but myself?"
"What! are the alforjas missing, Sancho?"
said Don Quixote.
"Yes, they are missing," answered Sancho.
"In that case we have nothing to eat to-day,"
replied Don Quixote.
"It would be so," answered Sancho, "if there
were none of the herbs your worship says you
know in these meadows, those with which
knights-errant as unlucky as your worship are
wont to supply such-like shortcomings."
"For all that," answered Don Quixote, "I
would rather have just now a quarter of bread,
or a loaf and a couple of pilchards' heads, than
all the herbs described by Dioscorides, even
with Doctor Laguna's notes. Nevertheless, San-
cho the Good, mount thy beast and come along
with me, for God, who provides for all things,
will not fail us (more especially when we are so
active in his service as we are), since he fails not
the midges of the air, nor the grubs of the earth,
nor the tadpoles of the water, and is so merciful
that he maketh his sun to rise on the good and
on the evil, and sendeth rain on the unjust and
on the just."
"Your worship would make a better prea-
cher than knight-errant," said
Sancho.
"Knights-errant knew and ought to know
everything, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "for
there were knights-errant in former times as
well qualified to deliver a sermon or discourse
in the middle of an encampment, as if they had
graduated in the University of Paris; whereby
we may see that the lance has never blunted the
pen, nor the pen the lance."
"Well, be it as your worship says," replied
Sancho; "let us be off now and find some place
of shelter for the night, and God grant it may be
somewhere where there are no blankets, nor
blanketeers, nor phantoms, nor enchanted Mo-
ors; for if there are, may the devil take the who-
le concern."
"Ask that of God, my son," said Don Quixo-
te; "and do thou lead on where thou wilt, for
this time I leave our lodging to thy choice; but
reach me here thy hand, and feel with thy fin-
ger, and find out how many of my teeth and
grinders are missing from this right side of the
upper jaw, for it is there I feel the pain."
Sancho put in his fingers, and feeling about
asked him, "How many grinders used your
worship have on this side?"
 "Four," replied Don Quixote, "besides the
back-tooth, all whole and quite sound."
"Mind what you are saying, senor."
"I say four, if not five," answered Don
Quixote, "for never in my life have I had tooth
or grinder drawn, nor has any fallen out or be-
en destroyed by any decay or rheum."
"Well, then," said Sancho, "in this lower side
your worship has no more than two grinders
and a half, and in the upper neither a half nor
any at all, for it is all as smooth as the palm of
my hand."
"Luckless that I am!" said Don Quixote, hea-
ring the sad news his squire gave him; "I had
rather they despoiled me of an arm, so it were
not the sword-arm; for I tell thee, Sancho, a
mouth without teeth is like a mill without a
millstone, and a tooth is much more to be pri-
zed than a diamond; but we who profess the
austere order of chivalry are liable to all this.
Mount, friend, and lead the way, and I will
follow thee at whatever pace thou wilt."
 Sancho did as he bade him, and proceeded
in the direction in which he thought he might
find refuge without quitting the high road,
which was there very much frequented. As
they went along, then, at a slow pace—for the
pain in Don Quixote's jaws kept him uneasy
and ill-disposed for speed—Sancho thought it
well to amuse and divert him by talk of some
kind, and among the things he said to him was
that which will be told in the following chapter.

CHAPTER XIX.

OF THE SHREWD DISCOURSE

WHICH SANCHO HELD WITH HIS
MASTER, AND OF THE ADVENTURE
THAT BEFELL HIM WITH A DEAD
BODY, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
NOTABLE OCCURRENCES
"It seems to me, senor, that all these mishaps
that have befallen us of late have been without
any doubt a punishment for the offence com-
mitted by your worship against the order of
chivalry in not keeping the oath you made not
to eat bread off a tablecloth or embrace the
queen, and all the rest of it that your worship
swore to observe until you had taken that hel-
met of Malandrino's, or whatever the Moor is
called, for I do not very well remember."
"Thou art very right, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "but to tell the truth, it had escaped
my memory; and likewise thou mayest rely
upon it that the affair of the blanket happened
to thee because of thy fault in not reminding
me of it in time; but I will make amends, for
there are ways of compounding for everything
in the order of chivalry."
"Why! have I taken an oath of some sort,
then?" said Sancho.
 "It makes no matter that thou hast not taken
an oath," said Don Quixote; "suffice it that I see
thou art not quite clear of complicity; and
whether or no, it will not be ill done to provide
ourselves with a remedy."
"In that case," said Sancho, "mind that your
worship does not forget this as you did the
oath; perhaps the phantoms may take it into
their heads to amuse themselves once more
with me; or even with your worship if they see
you so obstinate."
While engaged in this and other talk, night
overtook them on the road before they had rea-
ched or discovered any place of shelter; and
what made it still worse was that they were
dying of hunger, for with the loss of the alforjas
they had lost their entire larder and commissa-
riat; and to complete the misfortune they met
with an adventure which without any inven-
tion had really the appearance of one. It so
happened that the night closed in somewhat
darkly, but for all that they pushed on, Sancho
feeling sure that as the road was the king's
highway they might reasonably expect to find
some inn within a league or two. Going along,
then, in this way, the night dark, the squire
hungry, the master sharp-set, they saw coming
towards them on the road they were travelling
a great number of lights which looked exactly
like stars in motion. Sancho was taken aback at
the sight of them, nor did Don Quixote altoget-
her relish them: the one pulled up his ass by the
halter, the other his hack by the bridle, and they
stood still, watching anxiously to see what all
this would turn out to be, and found that the
lights were approaching them, and the nearer
they came the greater they seemed, at which
spectacle Sancho began to shake like a man
dosed with mercury, and Don Quixote's hair
stood on end; he, however, plucking up spirit a
little, said:
"This, no doubt, Sancho, will be a most
mighty and perilous adventure, in which it will
be needful for me to put forth all my valour
and resolution."
"Unlucky me!" answered Sancho; "if this ad-
venture happens to be one of phantoms, as I am
beginning to think it is, where shall I find the
ribs to bear it?"
"Be they phantoms ever so much," said Don
Quixote, "I will not permit them to touch a
thread of thy garments; for if they played tricks
with thee the time before, it was because I was
unable to leap the walls of the yard; but now
we are on a wide plain, where I shall be able to
wield my sword as I please."
"And if they enchant and cripple you as they
did the last time," said
Sancho, "what difference will it make being on
the open plain or not?"
"For all that," replied Don Quixote, "I entreat
thee, Sancho, to keep a good heart, for expe-
rience will tell thee what mine is."
"I will, please God," answered Sancho, and
the two retiring to one side of the road set
themselves to observe closely what all these
moving lights might be; and very soon after-
wards they made out some twenty encamisa-
dos, all on horseback, with lighted torches in
their hands, the awe-inspiring aspect of whom
completely extinguished the courage of Sancho,
who began to chatter with his teeth like one in
the cold fit of an ague; and his heart sank and
his teeth chattered still more when they percei-
ved distinctly that behind them there came a
litter covered over with black and followed by
six more mounted figures in mourning down to
the very feet of their mules—for they could
perceive plainly they were not horses by the
easy pace at which they went. And as the en-
camisados came along they muttered to them-
selves in a low plaintive tone. This strange
spectacle at such an hour and in such a solitary
place was quite enough to strike terror into
Sancho's heart, and even into his master's; and
(save in Don Quixote's case) did so, for all San-
cho's resolution had now broken down. It was
just the opposite with his master, whose imagi-
nation immediately conjured up all this to him
vividly as one of the adventures of his books.
He took it into his head that the litter was a
bier on which was borne some sorely wounded
or slain knight, to avenge whom was a task
reserved for him alone; and without any furt-
her reasoning he laid his lance in rest, fixed
himself firmly in his saddle, and with gallant
spirit and bearing took up his position in the
middle of the road where the encamisados
must of necessity pass; and as soon as he saw
them near at hand he raised his voice and said:
"Halt, knights, or whosoever ye may be, and
render me account of who ye are, whence ye
come, where ye go, what it is ye carry upon
that bier, for, to judge by appearances, either ye
have done some wrong or some wrong has
been done to you, and it is fitting and necessary
that I should know, either that I may chastise
you for the evil ye have done, or else that I may
avenge you for the injury that has been inflicted
upon you."
"We are in haste," answered one of the en-
camisados, "and the inn is far off, and we can-
not stop to render you such an account as you
demand;" and spurring his mule he moved on.
Don Quixote was mightily provoked by this
answer, and seizing the mule by the bridle he
said, "Halt, and be more mannerly, and render
an account of what I have asked of you; else,
take my defiance to combat, all of you."
The mule was shy, and was so frightened at
her bridle being seized that rearing up she
flung her rider to the ground over her haun-
ches. An attendant who was on foot, seeing the
encamisado fall, began to abuse Don Quixote,
who now moved to anger, without any more
ado, laying his lance in rest charged one of the
men in mourning and brought him badly
wounded to the ground, and as he wheeled
round upon the others the agility with which
he attacked and routed them was a sight to see,
for it seemed just as if wings had that instant
grown upon Rocinante, so lightly and proudly
did he bear himself. The encamisados were all
timid folk and unarmed, so they speedily made
their escape from the fray and set off at a run
across the plain with their lighted torches, loo-
king exactly like maskers running on some gala
or festival night. The mourners, too, enveloped
and swathed in their skirts and gowns, were
unable to bestir themselves, and so with entire
safety to himself Don Quixote belaboured them
all and drove them off against their will, for
they all thought it was no man but a devil from
hell come to carry away the dead body they
had in the litter.
Sancho beheld all this in astonishment at the
intrepidity of his lord, and said to himself,
"Clearly this master of mine is as bold and va-
liant as he says he is."
A burning torch lay on the ground near the
first man whom the mule had thrown, by the
light of which Don Quixote perceived him, and
coming up to him he presented the point of the
lance to his face, calling on him to yield himself
prisoner, or else he would kill him; to which
the prostrate man replied, "I am prisoner
enough as it is; I cannot stir, for one of my legs
is broken: I entreat you, if you be a Christian
gentleman, not to kill me, which will be com-
mitting grave sacrilege, for I am a licentiate and
I hold first orders."
"Then what the devil brought you here,
being a churchman?" said Don
Quixote.
"What, senor?" said the other. "My bad luck."
"Then still worse awaits you," said Don
Quixote, "if you do not satisfy me as to all I
asked you at first."
"You shall be soon satisfied," said the licen-
tiate; "you must know, then, that though just
now I said I was a licentiate, I am only a bache-
lor, and my name is Alonzo Lopez; I am a nati-
ve of Alcobendas, I come from the city of Baeza
with eleven others, priests, the same who fled
with the torches, and we are going to the city of
Segovia accompanying a dead body which is in
that litter, and is that of a gentleman who died
in Baeza, where he was interred; and now, as I
said, we are taking his bones to their burial-
place, which is in Segovia, where he was born."
"And who killed him?" asked Don Quixote.
"God, by means of a malignant fever that to-
ok him," answered the bachelor.
"In that case," said Don Quixote, "the Lord
has relieved me of the task of avenging his de-
ath had any other slain him; but, he who slew
him having slain him, there is nothing for it but
to be silent, and shrug one's shoulders; I should
do the same were he to slay myself; and I
would have your reverence know that I am a
knight of La Mancha, Don Quixote by name,
and it is my business and calling to roam the
world righting wrongs and redressing injuries."
"I do not know how that about righting
wrongs can be," said the bachelor, "for from
straight you have made me crooked, leaving
me with a broken leg that will never see itself
straight again all the days of its life; and the
injury you have redressed in my case has been
to leave me injured in such a way that I shall
remain injured for ever; and the height of mi-
sadventure it was to fall in with you who go in
search of adventures."
"Things do not all happen in the same way,"
answered Don Quixote; "it all came, Sir Bache-
lor Alonzo Lopez, of your going, as you did, by
night, dressed in those surplices, with lighted
torches, praying, covered with mourning, so
that naturally you looked like something evil
and of the other world; and so I could not avoid
doing my duty in attacking you, and I should
have attacked you even had I known positively
that you were the very devils of hell, for such I
certainly believed and took you to be."
"As my fate has so willed it," said the bache-
lor, "I entreat you, sir knight-errant, whose
errand has been such an evil one for me, to help
me to get from under this mule that holds one
of my legs caught between the stirrup and the
saddle."
"I would have talked on till to-morrow," said
Don Quixote; "how long were you going to
wait before telling me of your distress?"
He at once called to Sancho, who, however,
had no mind to come, as he was just then enga-
ged in unloading a sumpter mule, well laden
with provender, which these worthy gentlemen
had brought with them. Sancho made a bag of
his coat, and, getting together as much as he
could, and as the bag would hold, he loaded his
beast, and then hastened to obey his master's
call, and helped him to remove the bachelor
from under the mule; then putting him on her
back he gave him the torch, and Don Quixote
bade him follow the track of his companions,
and beg pardon of them on his part for the
wrong which he could not help doing them.
And said Sancho, "If by chance these gen-
tlemen should want to know who was the hero
that served them so, your worship may tell
them that he is the famous Don Quixote of La
Mancha, otherwise called the Knight of the
Rueful Countenance."
The bachelor then took his departure.
I forgot to mention that before he did so he
said to Don Quixote, "Remember that you
stand excommunicated for having laid violent
hands on a holy thing, juxta illud, si quis, sua-
dente diabolo."
"I do not understand that Latin," answered
Don Quixote, "but I know well I did not lay
hands, only this pike; besides, I did not think I
was committing an assault upon priests or
things of the Church, which, like a Catholic and
faithful Christian as I am, I respect and revere,
but upon phantoms and spectres of the other
world; but even so, I remember how it fared
with Cid Ruy Diaz when he broke the chair of
the ambassador of that king before his Holiness
the Pope, who excommunicated him for the
same; and yet the good Roderick of Vivar bore
himself that day like a very noble and valiant
knight."
On hearing this the bachelor took his depar-
ture, as has been said, without making any re-
ply; and Don Quixote asked Sancho what had
induced him to call him the "Knight of the Rue-
ful Countenance" more then than at any other
time.
"I will tell you," answered Sancho; "it was
because I have been looking at you for some
time by the light of the torch held by that unfor-
tunate, and verily your worship has got of late
the most ill-favoured countenance I ever saw: it
must be either owing to the fatigue of this com-
bat, or else to the want of teeth and grinders."
"It is not that," replied Don Quixote, "but be-
cause the sage whose duty it will be to write
the history of my achievements must have
thought it proper that I should take some dis-
tinctive name as all knights of yore did; one
being 'He of the Burning Sword,' another 'He of
the Unicorn,' this one 'He of the Damsels,' that
'He of the Phoenix,' another 'The Knight of the
Griffin,' and another 'He of the Death,' and by
these names and designations they were
known all the world round; and so I say that
the sage aforesaid must have put it into your
mouth and mind just now to call me 'The
Knight of the Rueful Countenance,' as I intend
to call myself from this day forward; and that
the said name may fit me better, I mean, when
the opportunity offers, to have a very rueful
countenance painted on my shield."
"There is no occasion, senor, for wasting ti-
me or money on making that countenance,"
said Sancho; "for all that need be done is for
your worship to show your own, face to face, to
those who look at you, and without anything
more, either image or shield, they will call you
'Him of the Rueful Countenance' and believe
me I am telling you the truth, for I assure you,
senor (and in good part be it said), hunger and
the loss of your grinders have given you such
an ill-favoured face that, as I say, the rueful
picture may be very well spared."
Don Quixote laughed at Sancho's pleasantry;
nevertheless he resolved to call himself by that
name, and have his shield or buckler painted as
he had devised.
Don Quixote would have looked to see
whether the body in the litter were bones or
not, but Sancho would not have it, saying:
"Senor, you have ended this perilous adven-
ture more safely for yourself than any of those I
have seen: perhaps these people, though beaten
and routed, may bethink themselves that it is a
single man that has beaten them, and feeling
sore and ashamed of it may take heart and co-
me in search of us and give us trouble enough.
The ass is in proper trim, the mountains are
near at hand, hunger presses, we have nothing
more to do but make good our retreat, and, as
the saying is, the dead to the grave and the li-
ving to the loaf."
 And driving his ass before him he begged
his master to follow, who, feeling that Sancho
was right, did so without replying; and after
proceeding some little distance between two
hills they found themselves in a wide and reti-
red valley, where they alighted, and Sancho
unloaded his beast, and stretched upon the
green grass, with hunger for sauce, they break-
fasted, dined, lunched, and supped all at once,
satisfying their appetites with more than one
store of cold meat which the dead man's clerical
gentlemen (who seldom put themselves on
short allowance) had brought with them on
their sumpter mule. But another piece of ill-
luck befell them, which Sancho held the worst
of all, and that was that they had no wine to
drink, nor even water to moisten their lips; and
as thirst tormented them, Sancho, observing
that the meadow where they were was full of
green and tender grass, said what will be told
in the following chapter.
 CHAPTER XX.

OF THE UNEXAMPLED AND UN-

HEARD-OF ADVENTURE WHICH
WAS ACHIEVED BY THE VALIANT
DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA
WITH LESS PERIL THAN ANY EVER
ACHIEVED BY ANY FAMOUS
KNIGHT IN THE WORLD
"It cannot be, senor, but that this grass is a
proof that there must be hard by some spring
or brook to give it moisture, so it would be well
to move a little farther on, that we may find
some place where we may quench this terrible
thirst that plagues us, which beyond a doubt is
more distressing than hunger."
The advice seemed good to Don Quixote,
and, he leading Rocinante by the bridle and
Sancho the ass by the halter, after he had pac-
ked away upon him the remains of the supper,
they advanced the meadow feeling their way,
for the darkness of the night made it impossible
to see anything; but they had not gone two
hundred paces when a loud noise of water, as if
falling from great rocks, struck their ears. The
sound cheered them greatly; but halting to ma-
ke out by listening from what quarter it came
they heard unseasonably another noise which
spoiled the satisfaction the sound of the water
gave them, especially for Sancho, who was by
nature timid and faint-hearted. They heard, I
say, strokes falling with a measured beat, and a
certain rattling of iron and chains that, together
with the furious din of the water, would have
struck terror into any heart but Don Quixote's.
The night was, as has been said, dark, and they
had happened to reach a spot in among some
tall trees, whose leaves stirred by a gentle bree-
ze made a low ominous sound; so that, what
with the solitude, the place, the darkness, the
noise of the water, and the rustling of the lea-
ves, everything inspired awe and dread; more
especially as they perceived that the strokes did
not cease, nor the wind lull, nor morning ap-
proach; to all which might be added their igno-
rance as to where they were.
But Don Quixote, supported by his intrepid
heart, leaped on Rocinante, and bracing his
buckler on his arm, brought his pike to the slo-
pe, and said, "Friend Sancho, know that I by
Heaven's will have been born in this our iron
age to revive revive in it the age of gold, or the
golden as it is called; I am he for whom perils,
mighty achievements, and valiant deeds are
reserved; I am, I say again, he who is to revive
the Knights of the Round Table, the Twelve of
France and the Nine Worthies; and he who is to
consign to oblivion the Platirs, the Tablantes,
the Olivantes and Tirantes, the Phoebuses and
Belianises, with the whole herd of famous
knights-errant of days gone by, performing in
these in which I live such exploits, marvels, and
feats of arms as shall obscure their brightest
deeds. Thou dost mark well, faithful and trusty
squire, the gloom of this night, its strange silen-
ce, the dull confused murmur of those trees, the
awful sound of that water in quest of which we
came, that seems as though it were precipita-
ting and dashing itself down from the lofty
mountains of the Moon, and that incessant
hammering that wounds and pains our ears;
which things all together and each of itself are
enough to instil fear, dread, and dismay into
the breast of Mars himself, much more into one
not used to hazards and adventures of the kind.
Well, then, all this that I put before thee is but
an incentive and stimulant to my spirit, making
my heart burst in my bosom through eagerness
to engage in this adventure, arduous as it pro-
mises to be; therefore tighten Rocinante's girths
a little, and God be with thee; wait for me here
three days and no more, and if in that time I
come not back, thou canst return to our village,
and thence, to do me a favour and a service,
thou wilt go to El Toboso, where thou shalt say
to my incomparable lady Dulcinea that her cap-
tive knight hath died in attempting things that
might make him worthy of being called hers."
When Sancho heard his master's words he
began to weep in the most pathetic way, sa-
ying:
"Senor, I know not why your worship wants
to attempt this so dreadful adventure; it is
night now, no one sees us here, we can easily
turn about and take ourselves out of danger,
even if we don't drink for three days to come;
and as there is no one to see us, all the less will
there be anyone to set us down as cowards;
besides, I have many a time heard the curate of
our village, whom your worship knows well,
preach that he who seeks danger perishes in it;
so it is not right to tempt God by trying so tre-
mendous a feat from which there can be no
escape save by a miracle, and Heaven has per-
formed enough of them for your worship in
delivering you from being blanketed as I was,
and bringing you out victorious and safe and
sound from among all those enemies that were
with the dead man; and if all this does not mo-
ve or soften that hard heart, let this thought
and reflection move it, that you will have hard-
ly quitted this spot when from pure fear I shall
yield my soul up to anyone that will take it. I
left home and wife and children to come and
serve your worship, trusting to do better and
not worse; but as covetousness bursts the bag,
it has rent my hopes asunder, for just as I had
them highest about getting that wretched un-
lucky island your worship has so often promi-
sed me, I see that instead and in lieu of it you
mean to desert me now in a place so far from
human reach: for God's sake, master mine, deal
not so unjustly by me, and if your worship will
not entirely give up attempting this feat, at least
put it off till morning, for by what the lore I
learned when I was a shepherd tells me it can-
not want three hours of dawn now, because the
mouth of the Horn is overhead and makes
midnight in the line of the left arm."
 "How canst thou see, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "where it makes that line, or where
this mouth or this occiput is that thou talkest of,
when the night is so dark that there is not a star
to be seen in the whole heaven?"
"That's true," said Sancho, "but fear has
sharp eyes, and sees things underground, much
more above in heavens; besides, there is good
reason to show that it now wants but little of
day."
"Let it want what it may," replied Don
Quixote, "it shall not be said of me now or at
any time that tears or entreaties turned me asi-
de from doing what was in accordance with
knightly usage; and so I beg of thee, Sancho, to
hold thy peace, for God, who has put it into my
heart to undertake now this so unexampled
and terrible adventure, will take care to watch
over my safety and console thy sorrow; what
thou hast to do is to tighten Rocinante's girths
well, and wait here, for I shall come back shor-
tly, alive or dead."
 Sancho perceiving it his master's final resol-
ve, and how little his tears, counsels, and en-
treaties prevailed with him, determined to have
recourse to his own ingenuity and compel him,
if he could, to wait till daylight; and so, while
tightening the girths of the horse, he quietly
and without being felt, with his ass' halter tied
both Rocinante's legs, so that when Don Quixo-
te strove to go he was unable as the horse could
only move by jumps. Seeing the success of his
trick, Sancho Panza said:
"See there, senor! Heaven, moved by my te-
ars and prayers, has so ordered it that Rocinan-
te cannot stir; and if you will be obstinate, and
spur and strike him, you will only provoke
fortune, and kick, as they say, against the
pricks."
Don Quixote at this grew desperate, but the
more he drove his heels into the horse, the less
he stirred him; and not having any suspicion of
the tying, he was fain to resign himself and
wait till daybreak or until Rocinante could mo-
ve, firmly persuaded that all this came of so-
mething other than Sancho's ingenuity. So he
said to him, "As it is so, Sancho, and as Roci-
nante cannot move, I am content to wait till
dawn smiles upon us, even though I weep whi-
le it delays its coming."
"There is no need to weep," answered San-
cho, "for I will amuse your worship by telling
stories from this till daylight, unless indeed you
like to dismount and lie down to sleep a little
on the green grass after the fashion of knights-
errant, so as to be fresher when day comes and
the moment arrives for attempting this extraor-
dinary adventure you are looking forward to."
"What art thou talking about dismounting or
sleeping for?" said Don Quixote. "Am I, thin-
kest thou, one of those knights that take their
rest in the presence of danger? Sleep thou who
art born to sleep, or do as thou wilt, for I will
act as I think most consistent with my charac-
ter."
 "Be not angry, master mine," replied Sancho,
"I did not mean to say that;" and coming close
to him he laid one hand on the pommel of the
saddle and the other on the cantle so that he
held his master's left thigh in his embrace, not
daring to separate a finger's width from him; so
much afraid was he of the strokes which still
resounded with a regular beat. Don Quixote
bade him tell some story to amuse him as he
had proposed, to which Sancho replied that he
would if his dread of what he heard would let
him; "Still," said he, "I will strive to tell a story
which, if I can manage to relate it, and nobody
interferes with the telling, is the best of stories,
and let your worship give me your attention,
for here I begin. What was, was; and may the
good that is to come be for all, and the evil for
him who goes to look for it—your worship
must know that the beginning the old folk used
to put to their tales was not just as each one
pleased; it was a maxim of Cato Zonzorino the
Roman, that says 'the evil for him that goes to
look for it,' and it comes as pat to the purpose
now as ring to finger, to show that your wors-
hip should keep quiet and not go looking for
evil in any quarter, and that we should go back
by some other road, since nobody forces us to
follow this in which so many terrors affright
us."
"Go on with thy story, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "and leave the choice of our road to
my care."
"I say then," continued Sancho, "that in a vi-
llage of Estremadura there was a goat-
shepherd—that is to say, one who tended go-
ats—which shepherd or goatherd, as my story
goes, was called Lope Ruiz, and this Lope Ruiz
was in love with a shepherdess called Torralva,
which shepherdess called Torralva was the
daughter of a rich grazier, and this rich grazier-
"
"If that is the way thou tellest thy tale, San-
cho," said Don Quixote, "repeating twice all
thou hast to say, thou wilt not have done these
two days; go straight on with it, and tell it like a
reasonable man, or else say nothing."
"Tales are always told in my country in the
very way I am telling this," answered Sancho,
"and I cannot tell it in any other, nor is it right
of your worship to ask me to make new cus-
toms."
"Tell it as thou wilt," replied Don Quixote;
"and as fate will have it that I cannot help liste-
ning to thee, go on."
"And so, lord of my soul," continued Sancho,
as I have said, this shepherd was in love with
Torralva the shepherdess, who was a wild
buxom lass with something of the look of a
man about her, for she had little moustaches; I
fancy I see her now."
"Then you knew her?" said Don Quixote.
"I did not know her," said Sancho, "but he
who told me the story said it was so true and
certain that when I told it to another I might
safely declare and swear I had seen it all my-
self. And so in course of time, the devil, who
never sleeps and puts everything in confusion,
contrived that the love the shepherd bore the
shepherdess turned into hatred and ill-will, and
the reason, according to evil tongues, was some
little jealousy she caused him that crossed the
line and trespassed on forbidden ground; and
so much did the shepherd hate her from that
time forward that, in order to escape from her,
he determined to quit the country and go whe-
re he should never set eyes on her again. To-
rralva, when she found herself spurned by Lo-
pe, was immediately smitten with love for him,
though she had never loved him before."
"That is the natural way of women," said
Don Quixote, "to scorn the one that loves them,
and love the one that hates them: go on, San-
cho."
"It came to pass," said Sancho, "that the
shepherd carried out his intention, and driving
his goats before him took his way across the
plains of Estremadura to pass over into the
Kingdom of Portugal. Torralva, who knew of it,
went after him, and on foot and barefoot follo-
wed him at a distance, with a pilgrim's staff in
her hand and a scrip round her neck, in which
she carried, it is said, a bit of looking-glass and
a piece of a comb and some little pot or other of
paint for her face; but let her carry what she
did, I am not going to trouble myself to prove
it; all I say is, that the shepherd, they say, came
with his flock to cross over the river Guadiana,
which was at that time swollen and almost
overflowing its banks, and at the spot he came
to there was neither ferry nor boat nor anyone
to carry him or his flock to the other side, at
which he was much vexed, for he perceived
that Torralva was approaching and would give
him great annoyance with her tears and entrea-
ties; however, he went looking about so closely
that he discovered a fisherman who had along-
side of him a boat so small that it could only
hold one person and one goat; but for all that
he spoke to him and agreed with him to carry
himself and his three hundred goats across. The
fisherman got into the boat and carried one
goat over; he came back and carried another
over; he came back again, and again brought
over another—let your worship keep count of
the goats the fisherman is taking across, for if
one escapes the memory there will be an end of
the story, and it will be impossible to tell anot-
her word of it. To proceed, I must tell you the
landing place on the other side was miry and
slippery, and the fisherman lost a great deal of
time in going and coming; still he returned for
another goat, and another, and another."
"Take it for granted he brought them all
across," said Don Quixote, "and don't keep
going and coming in this way, or thou wilt not
make an end of bringing them over this twel-
vemonth."
"How many have gone across so far?" said
Sancho.
"How the devil do I know?" replied Don
Quixote.
 "There it is," said Sancho, "what I told you,
that you must keep a good count; well then, by
God, there is an end of the story, for there is no
going any farther."
"How can that be?" said Don Quixote; "is it
so essential to the story to know to a nicety the
goats that have crossed over, that if there be a
mistake of one in the reckoning, thou canst not
go on with it?"
"No, senor, not a bit," replied Sancho; "for
when I asked your worship to tell me how ma-
ny goats had crossed, and you answered you
did not know, at that very instant all I had to
say passed away out of my memory, and, faith,
there was much virtue in it, and entertain-
ment."
"So, then," said Don Quixote, "the story has
come to an end?"
"As much as my mother has," said Sancho.
"In truth," said Don Quixote, "thou hast told
one of the rarest stories, tales, or histories, that
anyone in the world could have imagined, and
such a way of telling it and ending it was never
seen nor will be in a lifetime; though I expected
nothing else from thy excellent understanding.
But I do not wonder, for perhaps those cease-
less strokes may have confused thy wits."
"All that may be," replied Sancho, "but I
know that as to my story, all that can be said is
that it ends there where the mistake in the
count of the passage of the goats begins."
"Let it end where it will, well and good,"
said Don Quixote, "and let us see if Rocinante
can go;" and again he spurred him, and again
Rocinante made jumps and remained where he
was, so well tied was he.
Just then, whether it was the cold of the
morning that was now approaching, or that he
had eaten something laxative at supper, or that
it was only natural (as is most likely), Sancho
felt a desire to do what no one could do for
him; but so great was the fear that had penetra-
ted his heart, he dared not separate himself
from his master by as much as the black of his
nail; to escape doing what he wanted was,
however, also impossible; so what he did for
peace's sake was to remove his right hand,
which held the back of the saddle, and with it
to untie gently and silently the running string
which alone held up his breeches, so that on
loosening it they at once fell down round his
feet like fetters; he then raised his shirt as well
as he could and bared his hind quarters, no
slim ones. But, this accomplished, which he
fancied was all he had to do to get out of this
terrible strait and embarrassment, another still
greater difficulty presented itself, for it seemed
to him impossible to relieve himself without
making some noise, and he ground his teeth
and squeezed his shoulders together, holding
his breath as much as he could; but in spite of
his precautions he was unlucky enough after all
to make a little noise, very different from that
which was causing him so much fear.
Don Quixote, hearing it, said, "What noise is
that, Sancho?"
 "I don't know, senor," said he; "it must be
something new, for adventures and misadven-
tures never begin with a trifle." Once more he
tried his luck, and succeeded so well, that wit-
hout any further noise or disturbance he found
himself relieved of the burden that had given
him so much discomfort. But as Don Quixote's
sense of smell was as acute as his hearing, and
as Sancho was so closely linked with him that
the fumes rose almost in a straight line, it could
not be but that some should reach his nose, and
as soon as they did he came to its relief by
compressing it between his fingers, saying in a
rather snuffing tone, "Sancho, it strikes me thou
art in great fear."
"I am," answered Sancho; "but how does
your worship perceive it now more than ever?"
"Because just now thou smellest stronger
than ever, and not of ambergris," answered
Don Quixote.
"Very likely," said Sancho, "but that's not my
fault, but your worship's, for leading me about
at unseasonable hours and at such unwonted
paces."
"Then go back three or four, my friend," said
Don Quixote, all the time with his fingers to his
nose; "and for the future pay more attention to
thy person and to what thou owest to mine; for
it is my great familiarity with thee that has bred
this contempt."
"I'll bet," replied Sancho, "that your worship
thinks I have done something I ought not with
my person."
"It makes it worse to stir it, friend Sancho,"
returned Don Quixote.
With this and other talk of the same sort
master and man passed the night, till Sancho,
perceiving that daybreak was coming on apace,
very cautiously untied Rocinante and tied up
his breeches. As soon as Rocinante found him-
self free, though by nature he was not at all
mettlesome, he seemed to feel lively and began
pawing—for as to capering, begging his par-
don, he knew not what it meant. Don Quixote,
then, observing that Rocinante could move,
took it as a good sign and a signal that he
should attempt the dread adventure. By this
time day had fully broken and everything sho-
wed distinctly, and Don Quixote saw that he
was among some tall trees, chestnuts, which
cast a very deep shade; he perceived likewise
that the sound of the strokes did not cease, but
could not discover what caused it, and so wit-
hout any further delay he let Rocinante feel the
spur, and once more taking leave of Sancho, he
told him to wait for him there three days at
most, as he had said before, and if he should
not have returned by that time, he might feel
sure it had been God's will that he should end
his days in that perilous adventure. He again
repeated the message and commission with
which he was to go on his behalf to his lady
Dulcinea, and said he was not to be uneasy as
to the payment of his services, for before lea-
ving home he had made his will, in which he
would find himself fully recompensed in the
matter of wages in due proportion to the time
he had served; but if God delivered him safe,
sound, and unhurt out of that danger, he might
look upon the promised island as much more
than certain. Sancho began to weep afresh on
again hearing the affecting words of his good
master, and resolved to stay with him until the
final issue and end of the business. From these
tears and this honourable resolve of Sancho
Panza's the author of this history infers that he
must have been of good birth and at least an
old Christian; and the feeling he displayed tou-
ched his but not so much as to make him show
any weakness; on the contrary, hiding what he
felt as well as he could, he began to move to-
wards that quarter whence the sound of the
water and of the strokes seemed to come.
Sancho followed him on foot, leading by the
halter, as his custom was, his ass, his constant
comrade in prosperity or adversity; and advan-
cing some distance through the shady chestnut
trees they came upon a little meadow at the
foot of some high rocks, down which a mighty
rush of water flung itself. At the foot of the
rocks were some rudely constructed houses
looking more like ruins than houses, from
among which came, they perceived, the din
and clatter of blows, which still continued wit-
hout intermission. Rocinante took fright at the
noise of the water and of the blows, but quie-
ting him Don Quixote advanced step by step
towards the houses, commending himself with
all his heart to his lady, imploring her support
in that dread pass and enterprise, and on the
way commending himself to God, too, not to
forget him. Sancho who never quitted his side,
stretched his neck as far as he could and peered
between the legs of Rocinante to see if he could
now discover what it was that caused him such
fear and apprehension. They went it might be a
hundred paces farther, when on turning a cor-
ner the true cause, beyond the possibility of any
mistake, of that dread-sounding and to them
awe-inspiring noise that had kept them all the
night in such fear and perplexity, appeared
plain and obvious; and it was (if, reader, thou
art not disgusted and disappointed) six fulling
hammers which by their alternate strokes made
all the din.
When Don Quixote perceived what it was,
he was struck dumb and rigid from head to
foot. Sancho glanced at him and saw him with
his head bent down upon his breast in manifest
mortification; and Don Quixote glanced at San-
cho and saw him with his cheeks puffed out
and his mouth full of laughter, and evidently
ready to explode with it, and in spite of his
vexation he could not help laughing at the sight
of him; and when Sancho saw his master begin
he let go so heartily that he had to hold his si-
des with both hands to keep himself from burs-
ting with laughter. Four times he stopped, and
as many times did his laughter break out afresh
with the same violence as at first, whereat Don
Quixote grew furious, above all when he heard
him say mockingly, "Thou must know, friend
Sancho, that of Heaven's will I was born in this
our iron age to revive in it the golden or age of
gold; I am he for whom are reserved perils,
mighty achievements, valiant deeds;" and here
he went on repeating the words that Don
Quixote uttered the first time they heard the
awful strokes.
Don Quixote, then, seeing that Sancho was
turning him into ridicule, was so mortified and
vexed that he lifted up his pike and smote him
two such blows that if, instead of catching them
on his shoulders, he had caught them on his
head there would have been no wages to pay,
unless indeed to his heirs. Sancho seeing that
he was getting an awkward return in earnest
for his jest, and fearing his master might carry
it still further, said to him very humbly, "Calm
yourself, sir, for by God I am only joking."
"Well, then, if you are joking I am not," re-
plied Don Quixote. "Look here, my lively gen-
tleman, if these, instead of being fulling ham-
mers, had been some perilous adventure, have I
not, think you, shown the courage required for
the attempt and achievement? Am I, perchance,
being, as I am, a gentleman, bound to know
and distinguish sounds and tell whether they
come from fulling mills or not; and that, when
perhaps, as is the case, I have never in my life
seen any as you have, low boor as you are, that
have been born and bred among them? But
turn me these six hammers into six giants, and
bring them to beard me, one by one or all to-
gether, and if I do not knock them head over
heels, then make what mockery you like of me."
"No more of that, senor," returned Sancho; "I
own I went a little too far with the joke. But tell
me, your worship, now that peace is made
between us (and may God bring you out of all
the adventures that may befall you as safe and
sound as he has brought you out of this one),
was it not a thing to laugh at, and is it not a
good story, the great fear we were in?—at least
that I was in; for as to your worship I see now
that you neither know nor understand what
either fear or dismay is."
"I do not deny," said Don Quixote, "that
what happened to us may be worth laughing
at, but it is not worth making a story about, for
it is not everyone that is shrewd enough to hit
the right point of a thing."
"At any rate," said Sancho, "your worship
knew how to hit the right point with your pike,
aiming at my head and hitting me on the
shoulders, thanks be to God and my own
smartness in dodging it. But let that pass; all
will come out in the scouring; for I have heard
say 'he loves thee well that makes thee weep;'
and moreover that it is the way with great lords
after any hard words they give a servant to
give him a pair of breeches; though I do not
know what they give after blows, unless it be
that knights-errant after blows give islands, or
kingdoms on the mainland."
"It may be on the dice," said Don Quixote,
"that all thou sayest will come true; overlook
the past, for thou art shrewd enough to know
that our first movements are not in our own
control; and one thing for the future bear in
mind, that thou curb and restrain thy loquacity
in my company; for in all the books of chivalry
that I have read, and they are innumerable, I
never met with a squire who talked so much to
his lord as thou dost to thine; and in fact I feel it
to be a great fault of thine and of mine: of thine,
that thou hast so little respect for me; of mine,
that I do not make myself more respected. The-
re was Gandalin, the squire of Amadis of Gaul,
that was Count of the Insula Firme, and we
read of him that he always addressed his lord
with his cap in his hand, his head bowed down
and his body bent double, more turquesco. And
then, what shall we say of Gasabal, the squire
of Galaor, who was so silent that in order to
indicate to us the greatness of his marvellous
taciturnity his name is only once mentioned in
the whole of that history, as long as it is truth-
ful? From all I have said thou wilt gather, San-
cho, that there must be a difference between
master and man, between lord and lackey,
between knight and squire: so that from this
day forward in our intercourse we must obser-
ve more respect and take less liberties, for in
whatever way I may be provoked with you it
will be bad for the pitcher. The favours and
benefits that I have promised you will come in
due time, and if they do not your wages at least
will not be lost, as I have already told you."
"All that your worship says is very well,"
said Sancho, "but I should like to know (in case
the time of favours should not come, and it
might be necessary to fall back upon wages)
how much did the squire of a knight-errant get
in those days, and did they agree by the month,
or by the day like bricklayers?"
"I do not believe," replied Don Quixote, "that
such squires were ever on wages, but were de-
pendent on favour; and if I have now mentio-
ned thine in the sealed will I have left at home,
it was with a view to what may happen; for as
yet I know not how chivalry will turn out in
these wretched times of ours, and I do not wish
my soul to suffer for trifles in the other world;
for I would have thee know, Sancho, that in this
there is no condition more hazardous than that
of adventurers."
"That is true," said Sancho, "since the mere
noise of the hammers of a fulling mill can dis-
turb and disquiet the heart of such a valiant
errant adventurer as your worship; but you
may be sure I will not open my lips hencefor-
ward to make light of anything of your wors-
hip's, but only to honour you as my master and
natural lord."
"By so doing," replied Don Quixote, "shalt
thou live long on the face of the earth; for next
to parents, masters are to be respected as
though they were parents."
 CHAPTER XXI.

WHICH TREATS OF THE EXALTED

ADVENTURE AND RICH PRIZE OF
MAMBRINO'S HELMET, TOGETHER
WITH OTHER THINGS THAT HAP-
PENED TO OUR INVINCIBLE
KNIGHT

It now began to rain a little, and Sancho was

for going into the fulling mills, but Don Quixo-
te had taken such an abhorrence to them on
account of the late joke that he would not enter
them on any account; so turning aside to right
they came upon another road, different from
that which they had taken the night before.
Shortly afterwards Don Quixote perceived a
man on horseback who wore on his head so-
mething that shone like gold, and the moment
he saw him he turned to Sancho and said:
"I think, Sancho, there is no proverb that is
not true, all being maxims drawn from expe-
rience itself, the mother of all the sciences, es-
pecially that one that says, 'Where one door
shuts, another opens.' I say so because if last
night fortune shut the door of the adventure we
were looking for against us, cheating us with
the fulling mills, it now opens wide another
one for another better and more certain adven-
ture, and if I do not contrive to enter it, it will
be my own fault, and I cannot lay it to my igno-
rance of fulling mills, or the darkness of the
night. I say this because, if I mistake not, there
comes towards us one who wears on his head
the helmet of Mambrino, concerning which I
took the oath thou rememberest."
"Mind what you say, your worship, and still
more what you do," said Sancho, "for I don't
want any more fulling mills to finish off fulling
and knocking our senses out."
 "The devil take thee, man," said Don Quixo-
te; "what has a helmet to do with fulling mills?"
"I don't know," replied Sancho, "but, faith, if
I might speak as I used, perhaps I could give
such reasons that your worship would see you
were mistaken in what you say."
"How can I be mistaken in what I say, unbe-
lieving traitor?" returned Don Quixote; "tell me,
seest thou not yonder knight coming towards
us on a dappled grey steed, who has upon his
head a helmet of gold?"
"What I see and make out," answered San-
cho, "is only a man on a grey ass like my own,
who has something that shines on his head."
"Well, that is the helmet of Mambrino," said
Don Quixote; "stand to one side and leave me
alone with him; thou shalt see how, without
saying a word, to save time, I shall bring this
adventure to an issue and possess myself of the
helmet I have so longed for."
 "I will take care to stand aside," said Sancho;
"but God grant, I say once more, that it may be
marjoram and not fulling mills."
"I have told thee, brother, on no account to
mention those fulling mills to me again," said
Don Quixote, "or I vow—and I say no more-I'll
full the soul out of you."
Sancho held his peace in dread lest his mas-
ter should carry out the vow he had hurled like
a bowl at him.
The fact of the matter as regards the helmet,
steed, and knight that Don Quixote saw, was
this. In that neighbourhood there were two
villages, one of them so small that it had neit-
her apothecary's shop nor barber, which the
other that was close to it had, so the barber of
the larger served the smaller, and in it there
was a sick man who required to be bled and
another man who wanted to be shaved, and on
this errand the barber was going, carrying with
him a brass basin; but as luck would have it, as
he was on the way it began to rain, and not to
spoil his hat, which probably was a new one, he
put the basin on his head, and being clean it
glittered at half a league's distance. He rode
upon a grey ass, as Sancho said, and this was
what made it seem to Don Quixote to be a dap-
ple-grey steed and a knight and a golden hel-
met; for everything he saw he made to fall in
with his crazy chivalry and ill-errant notions;
and when he saw the poor knight draw near,
without entering into any parley with him, at
Rocinante's top speed he bore down upon him
with the pike pointed low, fully determined to
run him through and through, and as he rea-
ched him, without checking the fury of his
charge, he cried to him:
"Defend thyself, miserable being, or yield
me of thine own accord that which is so reaso-
nably my due."
The barber, who without any expectation or
apprehension of it saw this apparition coming
down upon him, had no other way of saving
himself from the stroke of the lance but to let
himself fall off his ass; and no sooner had he
touched the ground than he sprang up more
nimbly than a deer and sped away across the
plain faster than the wind.
He left the basin on the ground, with which
Don Quixote contented himself, saying that the
pagan had shown his discretion and imitated
the beaver, which finding itself pressed by the
hunters bites and cuts off with its teeth that for
which, by its natural instinct, it knows it is pur-
sued.
He told Sancho to pick up the helmet, and
he taking it in his hands said:
"By God the basin is a good one, and worth
a real of eight if it is worth a maravedis," and
handed it to his master, who immediately put it
on his head, turning it round, now this way,
now that, in search of fitment, and not finding
it he said, "Clearly the pagan to whose measure
this famous head-piece was first forged must
have had a very large head; but the worst of it
is half of it is wanting."
 When Sancho heard him call the basin a
headpiece he was unable to restrain his laugh-
ter, but remembering his master's wrath he
checked himself in the midst of it.
"What art thou laughing at, Sancho?" said
Don Quixote.
"I am laughing," said he, "to think of the gre-
at head the pagan must have had who owned
this helmet, for it looks exactly like a regular
barber's basin."
"Dost thou know what I suspect, Sancho?"
said Don Quixote; "that this wonderful piece of
this enchanted helmet must by some strange
accident have come into the hands of some one
who was unable to recognise or realise its va-
lue, and who, not knowing what he did, and
seeing it to be of the purest gold, must have
melted down one half for the sake of what it
might be worth, and of the other made this
which is like a barber's basin as thou sayest; but
be it as it may, to me who recognise it, its trans-
formation makes no difference, for I will set it
to rights at the first village where there is a
blacksmith, and in such style that that helmet
the god of smithies forged for the god of battles
shall not surpass it or even come up to it; and
in the meantime I will wear it as well as I can,
for something is better than nothing; all the
more as it will be quite enough to protect me
from any chance blow of a stone."
"That is," said Sancho, "if it is not shot with a
sling as they were in the battle of the two ar-
mies, when they signed the cross on your
worship's grinders and smashed the flask with
that blessed draught that made me vomit my
bowels up."
"It does not grieve me much to have lost it,"
said Don Quixote, "for thou knowest, Sancho,
that I have the receipt in my memory."
"So have I," answered Sancho, "but if ever I
make it, or try it again as long as I live, may this
be my last hour; moreover, I have no intention
of putting myself in the way of wanting it, for I
mean, with all my five senses, to keep myself
from being wounded or from wounding anyo-
ne: as to being blanketed again I say nothing,
for it is hard to prevent mishaps of that sort,
and if they come there is nothing for it but to
squeeze our shoulders together, hold our bre-
ath, shut our eyes, and let ourselves go where
luck and the blanket may send us."
"Thou art a bad Christian, Sancho," said Don
Quixote on hearing this, "for once an injury has
been done thee thou never forgettest it: but
know that it is the part of noble and generous
hearts not to attach importance to trifles. What
lame leg hast thou got by it, what broken rib,
what cracked head, that thou canst not forget
that jest? For jest and sport it was, properly
regarded, and had I not seen it in that light I
would have returned and done more mischief
in revenging thee than the Greeks did for the
rape of Helen, who, if she were alive now, or if
my Dulcinea had lived then, might depend
upon it she would not be so famous for her
beauty as she is;" and here he heaved a sigh
and sent it aloft; and said Sancho, "Let it pass
for a jest as it cannot be revenged in earnest,
but I know what sort of jest and earnest it was,
and I know it will never be rubbed out of my
memory any more than off my shoulders. But
putting that aside, will your worship tell me
what are we to do with this dapple-grey steed
that looks like a grey ass, which that Martino
that your worship overthrew has left deserted
here? for, from the way he took to his heels and
bolted, he is not likely ever to come back for it;
and by my beard but the grey is a good one."
"I have never been in the habit," said Don
Quixote, "of taking spoil of those whom I van-
quish, nor is it the practice of chivalry to take
away their horses and leave them to go on foot,
unless indeed it be that the victor have lost his
own in the combat, in which case it is lawful to
take that of the vanquished as a thing won in
lawful war; therefore, Sancho, leave this horse,
or ass, or whatever thou wilt have it to be; for
when its owner sees us gone hence he will co-
me back for it."
"God knows I should like to take it," retur-
ned Sancho, "or at least to change it for my
own, which does not seem to me as good a one:
verily the laws of chivalry are strict, since they
cannot be stretched to let one ass be changed
for another; I should like to know if I might at
least change trappings."
"On that head I am not quite certain," ans-
wered Don Quixote, "and the matter being
doubtful, pending better information, I say
thou mayest change them, if so be thou hast
urgent need of them."
"So urgent is it," answered Sancho, "that if
they were for my own person I could not want
them more;" and forthwith, fortified by this
licence, he effected the mutatio capparum, rig-
ging out his beast to the ninety-nines and ma-
king quite another thing of it. This done, they
broke their fast on the remains of the spoils of
war plundered from the sumpter mule, and
drank of the brook that flowed from the fulling
mills, without casting a look in that direction,
in such loathing did they hold them for the
alarm they had caused them; and, all anger and
gloom removed, they mounted and, without
taking any fixed road (not to fix upon any
being the proper thing for true knights-errant),
they set out, guided by Rocinante's will, which
carried along with it that of his master, not to
say that of the ass, which always followed him
wherever he led, lovingly and sociably; nevert-
heless they returned to the high road, and pur-
sued it at a venture without any other aim.
As they went along, then, in this way Sancho
said to his master, "Senor, would your worship
give me leave to speak a little to you? For since
you laid that hard injunction of silence on me
several things have gone to rot in my stomach,
and I have now just one on the tip of my ton-
gue that I don't want to be spoiled."
 "Say, on, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and be
brief in thy discourse, for there is no pleasure in
one that is long."
"Well then, senor," returned Sancho, "I say
that for some days past I have been considering
how little is got or gained by going in search of
these adventures that your worship seeks in
these wilds and cross-roads, where, even if the
most perilous are victoriously achieved, there is
no one to see or know of them, and so they
must be left untold for ever, to the loss of your
worship's object and the credit they deserve;
therefore it seems to me it would be better (sa-
ving your worship's better judgment) if we we-
re to go and serve some emperor or other great
prince who may have some war on hand, in
whose service your worship may prove the
worth of your person, your great might, and
greater understanding, on perceiving which the
lord in whose service we may be will perforce
have to reward us, each according to his merits;
and there you will not be at a loss for some one
to set down your achievements in writing so as
to preserve their memory for ever. Of my own I
say nothing, as they will not go beyond squire-
ly limits, though I make bold to say that, if it be
the practice in chivalry to write the achieve-
ments of squires, I think mine must not be left
out."
"Thou speakest not amiss, Sancho," answe-
red Don Quixote, "but before that point is rea-
ched it is requisite to roam the world, as it were
on probation, seeking adventures, in order that,
by achieving some, name and fame may be
acquired, such that when he betakes himself to
the court of some great monarch the knight
may be already known by his deeds, and that
the boys, the instant they see him enter the gate
of the city, may all follow him and surround
him, crying, 'This is the Knight of the Sun'-or
the Serpent, or any other title under which he
may have achieved great deeds. 'This,' they will
say, 'is he who vanquished in single combat the
gigantic Brocabruno of mighty strength; he
who delivered the great Mameluke of Persia
out of the long enchantment under which he
had been for almost nine hundred years.' So
from one to another they will go proclaiming
his achievements; and presently at the tumult
of the boys and the others the king of that
kingdom will appear at the windows of his
royal palace, and as soon as he beholds the
knight, recognising him by his arms and the
device on his shield, he will as a matter of cour-
se say, 'What ho! Forth all ye, the knights of my
court, to receive the flower of chivalry who
cometh hither!' At which command all will is-
sue forth, and he himself, advancing half-way
down the stairs, will embrace him closely, and
salute him, kissing him on the cheek, and will
then lead him to the queen's chamber, where
the knight will find her with the princess her
daughter, who will be one of the most beautiful
and accomplished damsels that could with the
utmost pains be discovered anywhere in the
known world. Straightway it will come to pass
that she will fix her eyes upon the knight and
he his upon her, and each will seem to the other
something more divine than human, and, wit-
hout knowing how or why they will be taken
and entangled in the inextricable toils of love,
and sorely distressed in their hearts not to see
any way of making their pains and sufferings
known by speech. Thence they will lead him,
no doubt, to some richly adorned chamber of
the palace, where, having removed his armour,
they will bring him a rich mantle of scarlet
wherewith to robe himself, and if he looked
noble in his armour he will look still more so in
a doublet. When night comes he will sup with
the king, queen, and princess; and all the time
he will never take his eyes off her, stealing ste-
althy glances, unnoticed by those present, and
she will do the same, and with equal cautious-
ness, being, as I have said, a damsel of great
discretion. The tables being removed, suddenly
through the door of the hall there will enter a
hideous and diminutive dwarf followed by a
fair dame, between two giants, who comes with
a certain adventure, the work of an ancient sa-
ge; and he who shall achieve it shall be deemed
the best knight in the world.
"The king will then command all those pre-
sent to essay it, and none will bring it to an end
and conclusion save the stranger knight, to the
great enhancement of his fame, whereat the
princess will be overjoyed and will esteem her-
self happy and fortunate in having fixed and
placed her thoughts so high. And the best of it
is that this king, or prince, or whatever he is, is
engaged in a very bitter war with another as
powerful as himself, and the stranger knight,
after having been some days at his court, re-
quests leave from him to go and serve him in
the said war. The king will grant it very readily,
and the knight will courteously kiss his hands
for the favour done to him; and that night he
will take leave of his lady the princess at the
grating of the chamber where she sleeps, which
looks upon a garden, and at which he has al-
ready many times conversed with her, the go-
between and confidante in the matter being a
damsel much trusted by the princess. He will
sigh, she will swoon, the damsel will fetch wa-
ter, much distressed because morning approa-
ches, and for the honour of her lady he would
not that they were discovered; at last the prin-
cess will come to herself and will present her
white hands through the grating to the knight,
who will kiss them a thousand and a thousand
times, bathing them with his tears. It will be
arranged between them how they are to inform
each other of their good or evil fortunes, and
the princess will entreat him to make his absen-
ce as short as possible, which he will promise to
do with many oaths; once more he kisses her
hands, and takes his leave in such grief that he
is well-nigh ready to die. He betakes him then-
ce to his chamber, flings himself on his bed,
cannot sleep for sorrow at parting, rises early in
the morning, goes to take leave of the king,
queen, and princess, and, as he takes his leave
of the pair, it is told him that the princess is
indisposed and cannot receive a visit; the
knight thinks it is from grief at his departure,
his heart is pierced, and he is hardly able to
keep from showing his pain. The confidante is
present, observes all, goes to tell her mistress,
who listens with tears and says that one of her
greatest distresses is not knowing who this
knight is, and whether he is of kingly lineage or
not; the damsel assures her that so much cour-
tesy, gentleness, and gallantry of bearing as her
knight possesses could not exist in any save
one who was royal and illustrious; her anxiety
is thus relieved, and she strives to be of good
cheer lest she should excite suspicion in her
parents, and at the end of two days she appears
in public. Meanwhile the knight has taken his
departure; he fights in the war, conquers the
king's enemy, wins many cities, triumphs in
many battles, returns to the court, sees his lady
where he was wont to see her, and it is agreed
that he shall demand her in marriage of her
parents as the reward of his services; the king is
unwilling to give her, as he knows not who he
is, but nevertheless, whether carried off or in
whatever other way it may be, the princess co-
mes to be his bride, and her father comes to
regard it as very good fortune; for it so happens
that this knight is proved to be the son of a va-
liant king of some kingdom, I know not what,
for I fancy it is not likely to be on the map. The
father dies, the princess inherits, and in two
words the knight becomes king. And here co-
mes in at once the bestowal of rewards upon
his squire and all who have aided him in rising
to so exalted a rank. He marries his squire to a
damsel of the princess's, who will be, no doubt,
the one who was confidante in their amour,
and is daughter of a very great duke."
"That's what I want, and no mistake about
it!" said Sancho. "That's what I'm waiting for;
for all this, word for word, is in store for your
worship under the title of the Knight of the
Rueful Countenance."
 "Thou needst not doubt it, Sancho," replied
Don Quixote, "for in the same manner, and by
the same steps as I have described here,
knights-errant rise and have risen to be kings
and emperors; all we want now is to find out
what king, Christian or pagan, is at war and
has a beautiful daughter; but there will be time
enough to think of that, for, as I have told thee,
fame must be won in other quarters before re-
pairing to the court. There is another thing, too,
that is wanting; for supposing we find a king
who is at war and has a beautiful daughter, and
that I have won incredible fame throughout the
universe, I know not how it can be made out
that I am of royal lineage, or even second cou-
sin to an emperor; for the king will not be wi-
lling to give me his daughter in marriage unless
he is first thoroughly satisfied on this point,
however much my famous deeds may deserve
it; so that by this deficiency I fear I shall lose
what my arm has fairly earned. True it is I am a
gentleman of known house, of estate and pro-
perty, and entitled to the five hundred sueldos
mulct; and it may be that the sage who shall
write my history will so clear up my ancestry
and pedigree that I may find myself fifth or
sixth in descent from a king; for I would have
thee know, Sancho, that there are two kinds of
lineages in the world; some there be tracing
and deriving their descent from kings and
princes, whom time has reduced little by little
until they end in a point like a pyramid upside
down; and others who spring from the com-
mon herd and go on rising step by step until
they come to be great lords; so that the diffe-
rence is that the one were what they no longer
are, and the others are what they formerly were
not. And I may be of such that after investiga-
tion my origin may prove great and famous,
with which the king, my father-in-law that is to
be, ought to be satisfied; and should he not be,
the princess will so love me that even though
she well knew me to be the son of a water-
carrier, she will take me for her lord and hus-
band in spite of her father; if not, then it comes
to seizing her and carrying her off where I plea-
se; for time or death will put an end to the
wrath of her parents."
"It comes to this, too," said Sancho, "what
some naughty people say, 'Never ask as a fa-
vour what thou canst take by force;' though it
would fit better to say, 'A clear escape is better
than good men's prayers.' I say so because if
my lord the king, your worship's father-in-law,
will not condescend to give you my lady the
princess, there is nothing for it but, as your
worship says, to seize her and transport her.
But the mischief is that until peace is made and
you come into the peaceful enjoyment of your
kingdom, the poor squire is famishing as far as
rewards go, unless it be that the confidante
damsel that is to be his wife comes with the
princess, and that with her he tides over his
bad luck until Heaven otherwise orders things;
for his master, I suppose, may as well give her
to him at once for a lawful wife."
 "Nobody can object to that," said Don
Quixote.
"Then since that may be," said Sancho, "there
is nothing for it but to commend ourselves to
God, and let fortune take what course it will."
"God guide it according to my wishes and
thy wants," said Don Quixote, "and mean be he
who thinks himself mean."
"In God's name let him be so," said Sancho:
"I am an old Christian, and to fit me for a count
that's enough."
"And more than enough for thee," said Don
Quixote; "and even wert thou not, it would
make no difference, because I being the king
can easily give thee nobility without purchase
or service rendered by thee, for when I make
thee a count, then thou art at once a gentleman;
and they may say what they will, but by my
faith they will have to call thee 'your lordship,'
whether they like it or not."
 "Not a doubt of it; and I'll know how to sup-
port the tittle," said
Sancho.
"Title thou shouldst say, not tittle," said his
master.
"So be it," answered Sancho. "I say I will
know how to behave, for once in my life I was
beadle of a brotherhood, and the beadle's gown
sat so well on me that all said I looked as if I
was to be steward of the same brotherhood.
What will it be, then, when I put a duke's robe
on my back, or dress myself in gold and pearls
like a count? I believe they'll come a hundred
leagues to see me."
"Thou wilt look well," said Don Quixote,
"but thou must shave thy beard often, for thou
hast it so thick and rough and unkempt, that if
thou dost not shave it every second day at least,
they will see what thou art at the distance of a
musket shot."
"What more will it be," said Sancho, "than
having a barber, and keeping him at wages in
the house? and even if it be necessary, I will
make him go behind me like a nobleman's
equerry."
"Why, how dost thou know that noblemen
have equerries behind them?" asked
Don Quixote.
"I will tell you," answered Sancho. "Years
ago I was for a month at the capital and there I
saw taking the air a very small gentleman who
they said was a very great man, and a man fo-
llowing him on horseback in every turn he to-
ok, just as if he was his tail. I asked why this
man did not join the other man, instead of al-
ways going behind him; they answered me that
he was his equerry, and that it was the custom
with nobles to have such persons behind them,
and ever since then I know it, for I have never
forgotten it."
"Thou art right," said Don Quixote, "and in
the same way thou mayest carry thy barber
with thee, for customs did not come into use all
together, nor were they all invented at once,
and thou mayest be the first count to have a
barber to follow him; and, indeed, shaving
one's beard is a greater trust than saddling
one's horse."
"Let the barber business be my look-out,"
said Sancho; "and your worship's be it to strive
to become a king, and make me a count."
"So it shall be," answered Don Quixote, and
raising his eyes he saw what will be told in the
following chapter.

CHAPTER XXII.

OF THE FREEDOM DON QUIXOTE

CONFERRED ON SEVERAL UNFOR-
TUNATES WHO AGAINST THEIR
WILL WERE BEING CARRIED WHE-
RE THEY HAD NO WISH TO GO

Cide Hamete Benengeli, the Arab and Man-

chegan author, relates in this most grave, high-
sounding, minute, delightful, and original his-
tory that after the discussion between the fa-
mous Don Quixote of La Mancha and his squi-
re Sancho Panza which is set down at the end
of chapter twenty-one, Don Quixote raised his
eyes and saw coming along the road he was
following some dozen men on foot strung to-
gether by the neck, like beads, on a great iron
chain, and all with manacles on their hands.
With them there came also two men on horse-
back and two on foot; those on horseback with
wheel-lock muskets, those on foot with javelins
and swords, and as soon as Sancho saw them
he said:
"That is a chain of galley slaves, on the way
to the galleys by force of the king's orders."
 "How by force?" asked Don Quixote; "is it
possible that the king uses force against anyo-
ne?"
"I do not say that," answered Sancho, "but
that these are people condemned for their cri-
mes to serve by force in the king's galleys."
"In fact," replied Don Quixote, "however it
may be, these people are going where they are
taking them by force, and not of their own
will."
"Just so," said Sancho.
"Then if so," said Don Quixote, "here is a ca-
se for the exercise of my office, to put down
force and to succour and help the wretched."
"Recollect, your worship," said Sancho, "Jus-
tice, which is the king himself, is not using for-
ce or doing wrong to such persons, but punis-
hing them for their crimes."
The chain of galley slaves had by this time
come up, and Don Quixote in very courteous
language asked those who were in custody of it
to be good enough to tell him the reason or
reasons for which they were conducting these
people in this manner. One of the guards on
horseback answered that they were galley sla-
ves belonging to his majesty, that they were
going to the galleys, and that was all that was
to be said and all he had any business to know.
"Nevertheless," replied Don Quixote, "I
should like to know from each of them separa-
tely the reason of his misfortune;" to this he
added more to the same effect to induce them
to tell him what he wanted so civilly that the
other mounted guard said to him:
"Though we have here the register and certi-
ficate of the sentence of every one of these
wretches, this is no time to take them out or
read them; come and ask themselves; they can
tell if they choose, and they will, for these fe-
llows take a pleasure in doing and talking
about rascalities."
With this permission, which Don Quixote
would have taken even had they not granted it,
he approached the chain and asked the first for
what offences he was now in such a sorry case.
He made answer that it was for being a lo-
ver.
"For that only?" replied Don Quixote; "why,
if for being lovers they send people to the ga-
lleys I might have been rowing in them long
ago."
"The love is not the sort your worship is
thinking of," said the galley slave; "mine was
that I loved a washerwoman's basket of clean
linen so well, and held it so close in my embra-
ce, that if the arm of the law had not forced it
from me, I should never have let it go of my
own will to this moment; I was caught in the
act, there was no occasion for torture, the case
was settled, they treated me to a hundred las-
hes on the back, and three years of gurapas
besides, and that was the end of it."
"What are gurapas?" asked Don Quixote.
 "Gurapas are galleys," answered the galley
slave, who was a young man of about four-and-
twenty, and said he was a native of Piedrahita.
Don Quixote asked the same question of the
second, who made no reply, so downcast and
melancholy was he; but the first answered for
him, and said, "He, sir, goes as a canary, I mean
as a musician and a singer."
"What!" said Don Quixote, "for being musi-
cians and singers are people sent to the galleys
too?"
"Yes, sir," answered the galley slave, "for
there is nothing worse than singing under suf-
fering."
"On the contrary, I have heard say," said
Don Quixote, "that he who sings scares away
his woes."
"Here it is the reverse," said the galley slave;
"for he who sings once weeps all his life."
"I do not understand it," said Don Quixote;
but one of the guards said to him, "Sir, to sing
under suffering means with the non sancta fra-
ternity to confess under torture; they put this
sinner to the torture and he confessed his cri-
me, which was being a cuatrero, that is a cattle-
stealer, and on his confession they sentenced
him to six years in the galleys, besides two
bundred lashes that he has already had on the
back; and he is always dejected and downcast
because the other thieves that were left behind
and that march here ill-treat, and snub, and
jeer, and despise him for confessing and not
having spirit enough to say nay; for, say they,
'nay' has no more letters in it than 'yea,' and a
culprit is well off when life or death with him
depends on his own tongue and not on that of
witnesses or evidence; and to my thinking they
are not very far out."
"And I think so too," answered Don Quixote;
then passing on to the third he asked him what
he had asked the others, and the man answered
very readily and unconcernedly, "I am going
for five years to their ladyships the gurapas for
the want of ten ducats."
 "I will give twenty with pleasure to get you
out of that trouble," said
Don Quixote.
"That," said the galley slave, "is like a man
having money at sea when he is dying of hun-
ger and has no way of buying what he wants; I
say so because if at the right time I had had
those twenty ducats that your worship now
offers me, I would have greased the notary's
pen and freshened up the attorney's wit with
them, so that to-day I should be in the middle
of the plaza of the Zocodover at Toledo, and
not on this road coupled like a greyhound. But
God is great; patience—there, that's enough of
it."
Don Quixote passed on to the fourth, a man
of venerable aspect with a white beard falling
below his breast, who on hearing himself asked
the reason of his being there began to weep
without answering a word, but the fifth acted
as his tongue and said, "This worthy man is
going to the galleys for four years, after having
gone the rounds in ceremony and on horse-
back."
"That means," said Sancho Panza, "as I take
it, to have been exposed to shame in public."
"Just so," replied the galley slave, "and the
offence for which they gave him that punish-
ment was having been an ear-broker, nay body-
broker; I mean, in short, that this gentleman
goes as a pimp, and for having besides a certain
touch of the sorcerer about him."
"If that touch had not been thrown in," said
Don Quixote, "he would not deserve, for mere
pimping, to row in the galleys, but rather to
command and be admiral of them; for the office
of pimp is no ordinary one, being the office of
persons of discretion, one very necessary in a
well-ordered state, and only to be exercised by
persons of good birth; nay, there ought to be an
inspector and overseer of them, as in other offi-
ces, and recognised number, as with the bro-
kers on change; in this way many of the evils
would be avoided which are caused by this
office and calling being in the hands of stupid
and ignorant people, such as women more or
less silly, and pages and jesters of little standing
and experience, who on the most urgent occa-
sions, and when ingenuity of contrivance is
needed, let the crumbs freeze on the way to
their mouths, and know not which is their right
hand. I should like to go farther, and give rea-
sons to show that it is advisable to choose those
who are to hold so necessary an office in the
state, but this is not the fit place for it; some day
I will expound the matter to some one able to
see to and rectify it; all I say now is, that the
additional fact of his being a sorcerer has re-
moved the sorrow it gave me to see these white
hairs and this venerable countenance in so
painful a position on account of his being a
pimp; though I know well there are no sorce-
ries in the world that can move or compel the
will as some simple folk fancy, for our will is
free, nor is there herb or charm that can force it.
All that certain silly women and quacks do is to
turn men mad with potions and poisons, pre-
tending that they have power to cause love, for,
as I say, it is an impossibility to compel the
will."
"It is true," said the good old man, "and in-
deed, sir, as far as the charge of sorcery goes I
was not guilty; as to that of being a pimp I can-
not deny it; but I never thought I was doing
any harm by it, for my only object was that all
the world should enjoy itself and live in peace
and quiet, without quarrels or troubles; but my
good intentions were unavailing to save me
from going where I never expect to come back
from, with this weight of years upon me and a
urinary ailment that never gives me a moment's
ease;" and again he fell to weeping as before,
and such compassion did Sancho feel for him
that he took out a real of four from his bosom
and gave it to him in alms.
Don Quixote went on and asked another
what his crime was, and the man answered
with no less but rather much more sprightliness
than the last one.
"I am here because I carried the joke too far
with a couple of cousins of mine, and with a
couple of other cousins who were none of mine;
in short, I carried the joke so far with them all
that it ended in such a complicated increase of
kindred that no accountant could make it clear:
it was all proved against me, I got no favour, I
had no money, I was near having my neck
stretched, they sentenced me to the galleys for
six years, I accepted my fate, it is the punish-
ment of my fault; I am a young man; let life
only last, and with that all will come right. If
you, sir, have anything wherewith to help the
poor, God will repay it to you in heaven, and
we on earth will take care in our petitions to
him to pray for the life and health of your
worship, that they may be as long and as good
as your amiable appearance deserves."
 This one was in the dress of a student, and
one of the guards said he was a great talker and
a very elegant Latin scholar.
Behind all these there came a man of thirty,
a very personable fellow, except that when he
looked, his eyes turned in a little one towards
the other. He was bound differently from the
rest, for he had to his leg a chain so long that it
was wound all round his body, and two rings
on his neck, one attached to the chain, the other
to what they call a "keep-friend" or "friend's
foot," from which hung two irons reaching to
his waist with two manacles fixed to them in
which his hands were secured by a big padlock,
so that he could neither raise his hands to his
mouth nor lower his head to his hands. Don
Quixote asked why this man carried so many
more chains than the others. The guard replied
that it was because he alone had committed
more crimes than all the rest put together, and
was so daring and such a villain, that though
they marched him in that fashion they did not
feel sure of him, but were in dread of his ma-
king his escape.
"What crimes can he have committed," said
Don Quixote, "if they have not deserved a hea-
vier punishment than being sent to the ga-
lleys?"
"He goes for ten years," replied the guard,
"which is the same thing as civil death, and all
that need be said is that this good fellow is the
famous Gines de Pasamonte, otherwise called
Ginesillo de Parapilla."
"Gently, senor commissary," said the galley
slave at this, "let us have no fixing of names or
surnames; my name is Gines, not Ginesillo, and
my family name is Pasamonte, not Parapilla as
you say; let each one mind his own business,
and he will be doing enough."
"Speak with less impertinence, master thief
of extra measure," replied the commissary, "if
you don't want me to make you hold your ton-
gue in spite of your teeth."
 "It is easy to see," returned the galley slave,
"that man goes as God pleases, but some one
shall know some day whether I am called Gine-
sillo de Parapilla or not."
"Don't they call you so, you liar?" said the
guard.
"They do," returned Gines, "but I will make
them give over calling me so, or I will be sha-
ved, where, I only say behind my teeth. If you,
sir, have anything to give us, give it to us at
once, and God speed you, for you are becoming
tiresome with all this inquisitiveness about the
lives of others; if you want to know about mine,
let me tell you I am Gines de Pasamonte, whose
life is written by these fingers."
"He says true," said the commissary, "for he
has himself written his story as grand as you
please, and has left the book in the prison in
pawn for two hundred reals."
"And I mean to take it out of pawn," said
Gines, "though it were in for two hundred du-
cats."
 "Is it so good?" said Don Quixote.
"So good is it," replied Gines, "that a fig for
'Lazarillo de Tormes,' and all of that kind that
have been written, or shall be written compa-
red with it: all I will say about it is that it deals
with facts, and facts so neat and diverting that
no lies could match them."
"And how is the book entitled?" asked Don
Quixote.
"The 'Life of Gines de Pasamonte,'" replied
the subject of it.
"And is it finished?" asked Don Quixote.
"How can it be finished," said the other,
"when my life is not yet finished? All that is
written is from my birth down to the point
when they sent me to the galleys this last time."
"Then you have been there before?" said Don
Quixote.
"In the service of God and the king I have
been there for four years before now, and I
know by this time what the biscuit and cour-
bash are like," replied Gines; "and it is no great
grievance to me to go back to them, for there I
shall have time to finish my book; I have still
many things left to say, and in the galleys of
Spain there is more than enough leisure;
though I do not want much for what I have to
write, for I have it by heart."
"You seem a clever fellow," said Don Quixo-
te.
"And an unfortunate one," replied Gines,
"for misfortune always persecutes good wit."
"It persecutes rogues," said the commissary.
"I told you already to go gently, master
commissary," said Pasamonte; "their lordships
yonder never gave you that staff to ill-treat us
wretches here, but to conduct and take us whe-
re his majesty orders you; if not, by the life of-
never mind-; it may be that some day the stains
made in the inn will come out in the scouring;
let everyone hold his tongue and behave well
and speak better; and now let us march on, for
we have had quite enough of this entertain-
ment."
 The commissary lifted his staff to strike Pa-
samonte in return for his threats, but Don
Quixote came between them, and begged him
not to ill-use him, as it was not too much to
allow one who had his hands tied to have his
tongue a trifle free; and turning to the whole
chain of them he said:
"From all you have told me, dear brethren,
make out clearly that though they have punis-
hed you for your faults, the punishments you
are about to endure do not give you much
pleasure, and that you go to them very much
against the grain and against your will, and
that perhaps this one's want of courage under
torture, that one's want of money, the other's
want of advocacy, and lastly the perverted
judgment of the judge may have been the cause
of your ruin and of your failure to obtain the
justice you had on your side. All which pre-
sents itself now to my mind, urging, persua-
ding, and even compelling me to demonstrate
in your case the purpose for which Heaven sent
me into the world and caused me to make pro-
fession of the order of chivalry to which I be-
long, and the vow I took therein to give aid to
those in need and under the oppression of the
strong. But as I know that it is a mark of pru-
dence not to do by foul means what may be
done by fair, I will ask these gentlemen, the
guards and commissary, to be so good as to
release you and let you go in peace, as there
will be no lack of others to serve the king under
more favourable circumstances; for it seems to
me a hard case to make slaves of those whom
God and nature have made free. Moreover, sirs
of the guard," added Don Quixote, "these poor
fellows have done nothing to you; let each
answer for his own sins yonder; there is a God
in Heaven who will not forget to punish the
wicked or reward the good; and it is not fitting
that honest men should be the instruments of
punishment to others, they being therein no
way concerned. This request I make thus gently
and quietly, that, if you comply with it, I may
have reason for thanking you; and, if you will
not voluntarily, this lance and sword together
with the might of my arm shall compel you to
comply with it by force."
"Nice nonsense!" said the commissary; "a fi-
ne piece of pleasantry he has come out with at
last! He wants us to let the king's prisoners go,
as if we had any authority to release them, or
he to order us to do so! Go your way, sir, and
good luck to you; put that basin straight that
you've got on your head, and don't go looking
for three feet on a cat."
"'Tis you that are the cat, rat, and rascal," re-
plied Don Quixote, and acting on the word he
fell upon him so suddenly that without giving
him time to defend himself he brought him to
the ground sorely wounded with a lance-
thrust; and lucky it was for him that it was the
one that had the musket. The other guards sto-
od thunderstruck and amazed at this unexpec-
ted event, but recovering presence of mind,
those on horseback seized their swords, and
those on foot their javelins, and attacked Don
Quixote, who was waiting for them with great
calmness; and no doubt it would have gone
badly with him if the galley slaves, seeing the
chance before them of liberating themselves,
had not effected it by contriving to break the
chain on which they were strung. Such was the
confusion, that the guards, now rushing at the
galley slaves who were breaking loose, now to
attack Don Quixote who was waiting for them,
did nothing at all that was of any use. Sancho,
on his part, gave a helping hand to release Gi-
nes de Pasamonte, who was the first to leap
forth upon the plain free and unfettered, and
who, attacking the prostrate commissary, took
from him his sword and the musket, with
which, aiming at one and levelling at another,
he, without ever discharging it, drove every
one of the guards off the field, for they took to
flight, as well to escape Pasamonte's musket, as
the showers of stones the now released galley
slaves were raining upon them. Sancho was
greatly grieved at the affair, because he antici-
pated that those who had fled would report the
matter to the Holy Brotherhood, who at the
summons of the alarm-bell would at once sally
forth in quest of the offenders; and he said so to
his master, and entreated him to leave the place
at once, and go into hiding in the sierra that
was close by.
"That is all very well," said Don Quixote,
"but I know what must be done now;" and ca-
lling together all the galley slaves, who were
now running riot, and had stripped the com-
missary to the skin, he collected them round
him to hear what he had to say, and addressed
them as follows: "To be grateful for benefits
received is the part of persons of good birth,
and one of the sins most offensive to God is
ingratitude; I say so because, sirs, ye have al-
ready seen by manifest proof the benefit ye
have received of me; in return for which I desi-
re, and it is my good pleasure that, laden with
that chain which I have taken off your necks, ye
at once set out and proceed to the city of El To-
boso, and there present yourselves before the
lady Dulcinea del Toboso, and say to her that
her knight, he of the Rueful Countenance,
sends to commend himself to her; and that ye
recount to her in full detail all the particulars of
this notable adventure, up to the recovery of
your longed-for liberty; and this done ye may
go where ye will, and good fortune attend
you."
Gines de Pasamonte made answer for all,
saying, "That which you, sir, our deliverer, de-
mand of us, is of all impossibilities the most
impossible to comply with, because we cannot
go together along the roads, but only singly
and separate, and each one his own way, en-
deavouring to hide ourselves in the bowels of
the earth to escape the Holy Brotherhood,
which, no doubt, will come out in search of us.
What your worship may do, and fairly do, is to
change this service and tribute as regards the
lady Dulcinea del Toboso for a certain quantity
of ave-marias and credos which we will say for
your worship's intention, and this is a condition
that can be complied with by night as by day,
running or resting, in peace or in war; but to
imagine that we are going now to return to the
flesh-pots of Egypt, I mean to take up our chain
and set out for El Toboso, is to imagine that it is
now night, though it is not yet ten in the mor-
ning, and to ask this of us is like asking pears of
the elm tree."
"Then by all that's good," said Don Quixote
(now stirred to wrath), "Don son of a bitch, Don
Ginesillo de Paropillo, or whatever your name
is, you will have to go yourself alone, with your
tail between your legs and the whole chain on
your back."
Pasamonte, who was anything but meek
(being by this time thoroughly convinced that
Don Quixote was not quite right in his head as
he had committed such a vagary as to set them
free), finding himself abused in this fashion,
gave the wink to his companions, and falling
back they began to shower stones on Don
Quixote at such a rate that he was quite unable
to protect himself with his buckler, and poor
Rocinante no more heeded the spur than if he
had been made of brass. Sancho planted him-
self behind his ass, and with him sheltered
himself from the hailstorm that poured on both
of them. Don Quixote was unable to shield
himself so well but that more pebbles than I
could count struck him full on the body with
such force that they brought him to the ground;
and the instant he fell the student pounced
upon him, snatched the basin from his head,
and with it struck three or four blows on his
shoulders, and as many more on the ground,
knocking it almost to pieces. They then strip-
ped him of a jacket that he wore over his ar-
mour, and they would have stripped off his
stockings if his greaves had not prevented
them. From Sancho they took his coat, leaving
him in his shirt-sleeves; and dividing among
themselves the remaining spoils of the battle,
they went each one his own way, more solici-
tous about keeping clear of the Holy Brother-
hood they dreaded, than about burdening
themselves with the chain, or going to present
themselves before the lady Dulcinea del Tobo-
so. The ass and Rocinante, Sancho and Don
Quixote, were all that were left upon the spot;
the ass with drooping head, serious, shaking
his ears from time to time as if he thought the
storm of stones that assailed them was not yet
over; Rocinante stretched beside his master, for
he too had been brought to the ground by a
stone; Sancho stripped, and trembling with fear
of the Holy Brotherhood; and Don Quixote fu-
ming to find himself so served by the very per-
sons for whom he had done so much.
 CHAPTER XXIII.

OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE

IN THE SIERRA MORENA, WHICH
WAS ONE OF THE RAREST ADVEN-
TURES RELATED IN THIS VERA-
CIOUS HISTORY

Seeing himself served in this way, Don

Quixote said to his squire, "I have always heard
it said, Sancho, that to do good to boors is to
throw water into the sea. If I had believed thy
words, I should have avoided this trouble; but
it is done now, it is only to have patience and
take warning for the future."
"Your worship will take warning as much as
I am a Turk," returned Sancho; "but, as you say
this mischief might have been avoided if you
had believed me, believe me now, and a still
greater one will be avoided; for I tell you chi-
valry is of no account with the Holy Brother-
hood, and they don't care two maravedis for all
the knights-errant in the world; and I can tell
you I fancy I hear their arrows whistling past
my ears this minute."
"Thou art a coward by nature, Sancho," said
Don Quixote, "but lest thou shouldst say I am
obstinate, and that I never do as thou dost ad-
vise, this once I will take thy advice, and with-
draw out of reach of that fury thou so dreadest;
but it must be on one condition, that never, in
life or in death, thou art to say to anyone that I
retired or withdrew from this danger out of
fear, but only in compliance with thy entreaties;
for if thou sayest otherwise thou wilt lie the-
rein, and from this time to that, and from that
to this, I give thee lie, and say thou liest and
wilt lie every time thou thinkest or sayest it;
and answer me not again; for at the mere
thought that I am withdrawing or retiring from
any danger, above all from this, which does
seem to carry some little shadow of fear with it,
I am ready to take my stand here and await
alone, not only that Holy Brotherhood you talk
of and dread, but the brothers of the twelve
tribes of Israel, and the Seven Maccabees, and
Castor and Pollux, and all the brothers and
brotherhoods in the world."
"Senor," replied Sancho, "to retire is not to
flee, and there is no wisdom in waiting when
danger outweighs hope, and it is the part of
wise men to preserve themselves to-day for to-
morrow, and not risk all in one day; and let me
tell you, though I am a clown and a boor, I have
got some notion of what they call safe conduct;
so repent not of having taken my advice, but
mount Rocinante if you can, and if not I will
help you; and follow me, for my mother-wit
tells me we have more need of legs than hands
just now."
Don Quixote mounted without replying,
and, Sancho leading the way on his ass, they
entered the side of the Sierra Morena, which
was close by, as it was Sancho's design to cross
it entirely and come out again at El Viso or Al-
modovar del Campo, and hide for some days
among its crags so as to escape the search of the
Brotherhood should they come to look for
them. He was encouraged in this by perceiving
that the stock of provisions carried by the ass
had come safe out of the fray with the galley
slaves, a circumstance that he regarded as a
miracle, seeing how they pillaged and ransac-
ked.
That night they reached the very heart of the
Sierra Morena, where it seemed prudent to
Sancho to pass the night and even some days,
at least as many as the stores he carried might
last, and so they encamped between two rocks
and among some cork trees; but fatal destiny,
which, according to the opinion of those who
have not the light of the true faith, directs,
arranges, and settles everything in its own way,
so ordered it that Gines de Pasamonte, the fa-
mous knave and thief who by the virtue and
madness of Don Quixote had been released
from the chain, driven by fear of the Holy Brot-
herhood, which he had good reason to dread,
resolved to take hiding in the mountains; and
his fate and fear led him to the same spot to
which Don Quixote and Sancho Panza had be-
en led by theirs, just in time to recognise them
and leave them to fall asleep: and as the wicked
are always ungrateful, and necessity leads to
evildoing, and immediate advantage overco-
mes all considerations of the future, Gines, who
was neither grateful nor well-principled, made
up his mind to steal Sancho Panza's ass, not
troubling himself about Rocinante, as being a
prize that was no good either to pledge or sell.
While Sancho slept he stole his ass, and before
day dawned he was far out of reach.
Aurora made her appearance bringing glad-
ness to the earth but sadness to Sancho Panza,
for he found that his Dapple was missing, and
seeing himself bereft of him he began the sad-
dest and most doleful lament in the world, so
loud that Don Quixote awoke at his exclama-
tions and heard him saying, "O son of my bo-
wels, born in my very house, my children's
plaything, my wife's joy, the envy of my neigh-
bours, relief of my burdens, and lastly, half
supporter of myself, for with the six-and-
twenty maravedis thou didst earn me daily I
met half my charges."
Don Quixote, when he heard the lament and
learned the cause, consoled Sancho with the
best arguments he could, entreating him to be
patient, and promising to give him a letter of
exchange ordering three out of five ass-colts
that he had at home to be given to him. Sancho
took comfort at this, dried his tears, suppressed
his sobs, and returned thanks for the kindness
shown him by Don Quixote. He on his part was
rejoiced to the heart on entering the mountains,
as they seemed to him to be just the place for
the adventures he was in quest of. They
brought back to his memory the marvellous
adventures that had befallen knights-errant in
like solitudes and wilds, and he went along
reflecting on these things, so absorbed and ca-
rried away by them that he had no thought for
anything else.
Nor had Sancho any other care (now that he
fancied he was travelling in a safe quarter) than
to satisfy his appetite with such remains as we-
re left of the clerical spoils, and so he marched
behind his master laden with what Dapple
used to carry, emptying the sack and packing
his paunch, and so long as he could go that
way, he would not have given a farthing to
meet with another adventure.
While so engaged he raised his eyes and saw
that his master had halted, and was trying with
the point of his pike to lift some bulky object
that lay upon the ground, on which he haste-
ned to join him and help him if it were needful,
and reached him just as with the point of the
pike he was raising a saddle-pad with a valise
attached to it, half or rather wholly rotten and
torn; but so heavy were they that Sancho had to
help to take them up, and his master directed
him to see what the valise contained. Sancho
did so with great alacrity, and though the valise
was secured by a chain and padlock, from its
torn and rotten condition he was able to see its
contents, which were four shirts of fine holland,
and other articles of linen no less curious than
clean; and in a handkerchief he found a good
lot of gold crowns, and as soon as he saw them
he exclaimed:
"Blessed be all Heaven for sending us an ad-
venture that is good for something!"
Searching further he found a little memo-
randum book richly bound; this Don Quixote
asked of him, telling him to take the money and
keep it for himself. Sancho kissed his hands for
the favour, and cleared the valise of its linen,
which he stowed away in the provision sack.
Considering the whole matter, Don Quixote
observed:
"It seems to me, Sancho—and it is impossi-
ble it can be otherwise-that some strayed trave-
ller must have crossed this sierra and been at-
tacked and slain by footpads, who brought him
to this remote spot to bury him."
"That cannot be," answered Sancho, "because
if they had been robbers they would not have
left this money."
"Thou art right," said Don Quixote, "and I
cannot guess or explain what this may mean;
but stay; let us see if in this memorandum book
there is anything written by which we may be
able to trace out or discover what we want to
know."
He opened it, and the first thing he found in
it, written roughly but in a very good hand,
was a sonnet, and reading it aloud that Sancho
might hear it, he found that it ran as follows:

SONNET
Or Love is lacking in intelligence,
Or to the height of cruelty attains,
Or else it is my doom to suffer pains
Beyond the measure due to my offence.
But if Love be a God, it follows thence
That he knows all, and certain it remains
No God loves cruelty; then who ordains
This penance that enthrals while it torments?
It were a falsehood, Chloe, thee to name;
Such evil with such goodness cannot live;
And against Heaven I dare not charge the bla-
me,
I only know it is my fate to die.
To him who knows not whence his malady
A miracle alone a cure can give.
"There is nothing to be learned from that
rhyme," said Sancho, "unless by that clue the-
re's in it, one may draw out the ball of the who-
le matter."
"What clue is there?" said Don Quixote.
"I thought your worship spoke of a clue in
it," said Sancho.
"I only said Chloe," replied Don Quixote;
"and that no doubt, is the name of the lady of
whom the author of the sonnet complains; and,
faith, he must be a tolerable poet, or I know
little of the craft."
"Then your worship understands rhyming
too?"
"And better than thou thinkest," replied Don
Quixote, "as thou shalt see when thou carriest a
letter written in verse from beginning to end to
my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, for I would have
thee know, Sancho, that all or most of the
knights-errant in days of yore were great trou-
badours and great musicians, for both of these
accomplishments, or more properly speaking
gifts, are the peculiar property of lovers-errant:
true it is that the verses of the knights of old
have more spirit than neatness in them."
"Read more, your worship," said Sancho,
"and you will find something that will enligh-
ten us."
Don Quixote turned the page and said, "This
is prose and seems to be a letter."
"A correspondence letter, senor?"
 "From the beginning it seems to be a love let-
ter," replied Don Quixote.
"Then let your worship read it aloud," said
Sancho, "for I am very fond of love matters."
"With all my heart," said Don Quixote, and
reading it aloud as Sancho had requested him,
he found it ran thus:
Thy false promise and my sure misfortune
carry me to a place whence the news of my
death will reach thy ears before the words of
my complaint. Ungrateful one, thou hast rejec-
ted me for one more wealthy, but not more
worthy; but if virtue were esteemed wealth I
should neither envy the fortunes of others nor
weep for misfortunes of my own. What thy
beauty raised up thy deeds have laid low; by it
I believed thee to be an angel, by them I know
thou art a woman. Peace be with thee who hast
sent war to me, and Heaven grant that the de-
ceit of thy husband be ever hidden from thee,
so that thou repent not of what thou hast done,
and I reap not a revenge I would not have.
 When he had finished the letter, Don Quixo-
te said, "There is less to be gathered from this
than from the verses, except that he who wrote
it is some rejected lover;" and turning over ne-
arly all the pages of the book he found more
verses and letters, some of which he could read,
while others he could not; but they were all
made up of complaints, laments, misgivings,
desires and aversions, favours and rejections,
some rapturous, some doleful. While Don
Quixote examined the book, Sancho examined
the valise, not leaving a corner in the whole of
it or in the pad that he did not search, peer into,
and explore, or seam that he did not rip, or tuft
of wool that he did not pick to pieces, lest anyt-
hing should escape for want of care and pains;
so keen was the covetousness excited in him by
the discovery of the crowns, which amounted
to near a hundred; and though he found no
more booty, he held the blanket flights, balsam
vomits, stake benedictions, carriers' fisticuffs,
missing alforjas, stolen coat, and all the hunger,
thirst, and weariness he had endured in the
service of his good master, cheap at the price;
as he considered himself more than fully in-
demnified for all by the payment he received in
the gift of the treasure-trove.
The Knight of the Rueful Countenance was
still very anxious to find out who the owner of
the valise could be, conjecturing from the son-
net and letter, from the money in gold, and
from the fineness of the shirts, that he must be
some lover of distinction whom the scorn and
cruelty of his lady had driven to some despera-
te course; but as in that uninhabited and rug-
ged spot there was no one to be seen of whom
he could inquire, he saw nothing else for it but
to push on, taking whatever road Rocinante
chose—which was where he could make his
way—firmly persuaded that among these wilds
he could not fail to meet some rare adventure.
As he went along, then, occupied with these
thoughts, he perceived on the summit of a
height that rose before their eyes a man who
went springing from rock to rock and from
tussock to tussock with marvellous agility. As
well as he could make out he was unclad, with
a thick black beard, long tangled hair, and bare
legs and feet, his thighs were covered by bree-
ches apparently of tawny velvet but so ragged
that they showed his skin in several places.
He was bareheaded, and notwithstanding
the swiftness with which he passed as has been
described, the Knight of the Rueful Countenan-
ce observed and noted all these trifles, and
though he made the attempt, he was unable to
follow him, for it was not granted to the feeble-
ness of Rocinante to make way over such rough
ground, he being, moreover, slow-paced and
sluggish by nature. Don Quixote at once came
to the conclusion that this was the owner of the
saddle-pad and of the valise, and made up his
mind to go in search of him, even though he
should have to wander a year in those moun-
tains before he found him, and so he directed
Sancho to take a short cut over one side of the
mountain, while he himself went by the other,
and perhaps by this means they might light
upon this man who had passed so quickly out
of their sight.
"I could not do that," said Sancho, "for when
I separate from your worship fear at once lays
hold of me, and assails me with all sorts of pa-
nics and fancies; and let what I now say be a
notice that from this time forth I am not going
to stir a finger's width from your presence."
"It shall be so," said he of the Rueful Coun-
tenance, "and I am very glad that thou art wi-
lling to rely on my courage, which will never
fail thee, even though the soul in thy body fail
thee; so come on now behind me slowly as well
as thou canst, and make lanterns of thine eyes;
let us make the circuit of this ridge; perhaps we
shall light upon this man that we saw, who no
doubt is no other than the owner of what we
found."
To which Sancho made answer, "Far better
would it be not to look for him, for, if we find
him, and he happens to be the owner of the
money, it is plain I must restore it; it would be
better, therefore, that without taking this need-
less trouble, I should keep possession of it until
in some other less meddlesome and officious
way the real owner may be discovered; and
perhaps that will be when I shall have spent it,
and then the king will hold me harmless."
"Thou art wrong there, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "for now that we have a suspicion
who the owner is, and have him almost before
us, we are bound to seek him and make restitu-
tion; and if we do not see him, the strong suspi-
cion we have as to his being the owner makes
us as guilty as if he were so; and so, friend San-
cho, let not our search for him give thee any
uneasiness, for if we find him it will relieve
mine."
And so saying he gave Rocinante the spur,
and Sancho followed him on foot and loaded,
and after having partly made the circuit of the
mountain they found lying in a ravine, dead
and half devoured by dogs and pecked by
jackdaws, a mule saddled and bridled, all
which still further strengthened their suspicion
that he who had fled was the owner of the mule
and the saddle-pad.
As they stood looking at it they heard a
whistle like that of a shepherd watching his
flock, and suddenly on their left there appeared
a great number of goats and behind them on
the summit of the mountain the goatherd in
charge of them, a man advanced in years. Don
Quixote called aloud to him and begged him to
come down to where they stood. He shouted in
return, asking what had brought them to that
spot, seldom or never trodden except by the
feet of goats, or of the wolves and other wild
beasts that roamed around. Sancho in return
bade him come down, and they would explain
all to him.
The goatherd descended, and reaching the
place where Don Quixote stood, he said, "I will
wager you are looking at that hack mule that
lies dead in the hollow there, and, faith, it has
been lying there now these six months; tell me,
have you come upon its master about here?"
"We have come upon nobody," answered
Don Quixote, "nor on anything except a saddle-
pad and a little valise that we found not far
from this."
"I found it too," said the goatherd, "but I
would not lift it nor go near it for fear of some
ill-luck or being charged with theft, for the de-
vil is crafty, and things rise up under one's feet
to make one fall without knowing why or whe-
refore."
"That's exactly what I say," said Sancho; "I
found it too, and I would not go within a sto-
ne's throw of it; there I left it, and there it lies
just as it was, for I don't want a dog with a
bell."
"Tell me, good man," said Don Quixote, "do
you know who is the owner of this property?"
"All I can tell you," said the goatherd, "is that
about six months ago, more or less, there arri-
ved at a shepherd's hut three leagues, perhaps,
away from this, a youth of well-bred appearan-
ce and manners, mounted on that same mule
which lies dead here, and with the same sadd-
le-pad and valise which you say you found and
did not touch. He asked us what part of this
sierra was the most rugged and retired; we told
him that it was where we now are; and so in
truth it is, for if you push on half a league fart-
her, perhaps you will not be able to find your
way out; and I am wondering how you have
managed to come here, for there is no road or
path that leads to this spot. I say, then, that on
hearing our answer the youth turned about and
made for the place we pointed out to him, lea-
ving us all charmed with his good looks, and
wondering at his question and the haste with
which we saw him depart in the direction of
the sierra; and after that we saw him no more,
until some days afterwards he crossed the path
of one of our shepherds, and without saying a
word to him, came up to him and gave him
several cuffs and kicks, and then turned to the
ass with our provisions and took all the bread
and cheese it carried, and having done this ma-
de off back again into the sierra with extraordi-
nary swiftness. When some of us goatherds
learned this we went in search of him for about
two days through the most remote portion of
this sierra, at the end of which we found him
lodged in the hollow of a large thick cork tree.
He came out to meet us with great gentleness,
with his dress now torn and his face so disfigu-
red and burned by the sun, that we hardly re-
cognised him but that his clothes, though torn,
convinced us, from the recollection we had of
them, that he was the person we were looking
for. He saluted us courteously, and in a few
well-spoken words he told us not to wonder at
seeing him going about in this guise, as it was
binding upon him in order that he might work
out a penance which for his many sins had be-
en imposed upon him. We asked him to tell us
who he was, but we were never able to find out
from him: we begged of him too, when he was
in want of food, which he could not do wit-
hout, to tell us where we should find him, as
we would bring it to him with all good-will and
readiness; or if this were not to his taste, at least
to come and ask it of us and not take it by force
from the shepherds. He thanked us for the of-
fer, begged pardon for the late assault, and
promised for the future to ask it in God's name
without offering violence to anybody. As for
fixed abode, he said he had no other than that
which chance offered wherever night might
overtake him; and his words ended in an out-
burst of weeping so bitter that we who listened
to him must have been very stones had we not
joined him in it, comparing what we saw of
him the first time with what we saw now; for,
as I said, he was a graceful and gracious youth,
and in his courteous and polished language
showed himself to be of good birth and courtly
breeding, and rustics as we were that listened
to him, even to our rusticity his gentle bearing
sufficed to make it plain.
"But in the midst of his conversation he
stopped and became silent, keeping his eyes
fixed upon the ground for some time, during
which we stood still waiting anxiously to see
what would come of this abstraction; and with
no little pity, for from his behaviour, now sta-
ring at the ground with fixed gaze and eyes
wide open without moving an eyelid, again
closing them, compressing his lips and raising
his eyebrows, we could perceive plainly that a
fit of madness of some kind had come upon
him; and before long he showed that what we
imagined was the truth, for he arose in a fury
from the ground where he had thrown himself,
and attacked the first he found near him with
such rage and fierceness that if we had not
dragged him off him, he would have beaten or
bitten him to death, all the while exclaiming,
'Oh faithless Fernando, here, here shalt thou
pay the penalty of the wrong thou hast done
me; these hands shall tear out that heart of thi-
ne, abode and dwelling of all iniquity, but of
deceit and fraud above all; and to these he ad-
ded other words all in effect upbraiding this
Fernando and charging him with treachery and
faithlessness.
"We forced him to release his hold with no
little difficulty, and without another word he
left us, and rushing off plunged in among these
brakes and brambles, so as to make it impossi-
ble for us to follow him; from this we suppose
that madness comes upon him from time to
time, and that some one called Fernando must
have done him a wrong of a grievous nature
such as the condition to which it had brought
him seemed to show. All this has been since
then confirmed on those occasions, and they
have been many, on which he has crossed our
path, at one time to beg the shepherds to give
him some of the food they carry, at another to
take it from them by force; for when there is a
fit of madness upon him, even though the
shepherds offer it freely, he will not accept it
but snatches it from them by dint of blows; but
when he is in his senses he begs it for the love
of God, courteously and civilly, and receives it
with many thanks and not a few tears. And to
tell you the truth, sirs," continued the goatherd,
"it was yesterday that we resolved, I and four
of the lads, two of them our servants, and the
other two friends of mine, to go in search of
him until we find him, and when we do to take
him, whether by force or of his own consent, to
the town of Almodovar, which is eight leagues
from this, and there strive to cure him (if inde-
ed his malady admits of a cure), or learn when
he is in his senses who he is, and if he has rela-
tives to whom we may give notice of his mis-
fortune. This, sirs, is all I can say in answer to
what you have asked me; and be sure that the
owner of the articles you found is he whom
you saw pass by with such nimbleness and so
naked."
 For Don Quixote had already described how
he had seen the man go bounding along the
mountain side, and he was now filled with
amazement at what he heard from the goat-
herd, and more eager than ever to discover
who the unhappy madman was; and in his
heart he resolved, as he had done before, to
search for him all over the mountain, not lea-
ving a corner or cave unexamined until he had
found him. But chance arranged matters better
than he expected or hoped, for at that very
moment, in a gorge on the mountain that ope-
ned where they stood, the youth he wished to
find made his appearance, coming along tal-
king to himself in a way that would have been
unintelligible near at hand, much more at a
distance. His garb was what has been descri-
bed, save that as he drew near, Don Quixote
perceived that a tattered doublet which he wo-
re was amber-tanned, from which he concluded
that one who wore such garments could not be
of very low rank.
 Approaching them, the youth greeted them
in a harsh and hoarse voice but with great cour-
tesy. Don Quixote returned his salutation with
equal politeness, and dismounting from Roci-
nante advanced with well-bred bearing and
grace to embrace him, and held him for some
time close in his arms as if he had known him
for a long time. The other, whom we may call
the Ragged One of the Sorry Countenance, as
Don Quixote was of the Rueful, after submit-
ting to the embrace pushed him back a little
and, placing his hands on Don Quixote's
shoulders, stood gazing at him as if seeking to
see whether he knew him, not less amazed,
perhaps, at the sight of the face, figure, and
armour of Don Quixote than Don Quixote was
at the sight of him. To be brief, the first to speak
after embracing was the Ragged One, and he
said what will be told farther on.
 CHAPTER XXIV.

IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE

ADVENTURE OF THE SIERRA MO-
RENA

The history relates that it was with the grea-

test attention Don Quixote listened to the rag-
ged knight of the Sierra, who began by saying:
"Of a surety, senor, whoever you are, for I
know you not, I thank you for the proofs of
kindness and courtesy you have shown me,
and would I were in a condition to requite with
something more than good-will that which you
have displayed towards me in the cordial re-
ception you have given me; but my fate does
not afford me any other means of returning
kindnesses done me save the hearty desire to
repay them."
 "Mine," replied Don Quixote, "is to be of ser-
vice to you, so much so that I had resolved not
to quit these mountains until I had found you,
and learned of you whether there is any kind of
relief to be found for that sorrow under which
from the strangeness of your life you seem to
labour; and to search for you with all possible
diligence, if search had been necessary. And if
your misfortune should prove to be one of tho-
se that refuse admission to any sort of consola-
tion, it was my purpose to join you in lamen-
ting and mourning over it, so far as I could; for
it is still some comfort in misfortune to find one
who can feel for it. And if my good intentions
deserve to be acknowledged with any kind of
courtesy, I entreat you, senor, by that which I
perceive you possess in so high a degree, and
likewise conjure you by whatever you love or
have loved best in life, to tell me who you are
and the cause that has brought you to live or
die in these solitudes like a brute beast, dwe-
lling among them in a manner so foreign to
your condition as your garb and appearance
show. And I swear," added Don Quixote, "by
the order of knighthood which I have received,
and by my vocation of knight-errant, if you
gratify me in this, to serve you with all the zeal
my calling demands of me, either in relieving
your misfortune if it admits of relief, or in joi-
ning you in lamenting it as I promised to do."
The Knight of the Thicket, hearing him of
the Rueful Countenance talk in this strain, did
nothing but stare at him, and stare at him
again, and again survey him from head to foot;
and when he had thoroughly examined him, he
said to him:
"If you have anything to give me to eat, for
God's sake give it me, and after I have eaten I
will do all you ask in acknowledgment of the
goodwill you have displayed towards me."
Sancho from his sack, and the goatherd from
his pouch, furnished the Ragged One with the
means of appeasing his hunger, and what they
gave him he ate like a half-witted being, so has-
tily that he took no time between mouthfuls,
gorging rather than swallowing; and while he
ate neither he nor they who observed him utte-
red a word. As soon as he had done he made
signs to them to follow him, which they did,
and he led them to a green plot which lay a
little farther off round the corner of a rock. On
reaching it he stretched himself upon the grass,
and the others did the same, all keeping silence,
until the Ragged One, settling himself in his
place, said:
"If it is your wish, sirs, that I should disclose
in a few words the surpassing extent of my
misfortunes, you must promise not to break the
thread of my sad story with any question or
other interruption, for the instant you do so the
tale I tell will come to an end."
These words of the Ragged One reminded
Don Quixote of the tale his squire had told him,
when he failed to keep count of the goats that
had crossed the river and the story remained
unfinished; but to return to the Ragged One, he
went on to say:
"I give you this warning because I wish to
pass briefly over the story of my misfortunes,
for recalling them to memory only serves to
add fresh ones, and the less you question me
the sooner shall I make an end of the recital,
though I shall not omit to relate anything of
importance in order fully to satisfy your curio-
sity."
Don Quixote gave the promise for himself
and the others, and with this assurance he be-
gan as follows:
"My name is Cardenio, my birthplace one of
the best cities of this Andalusia, my family no-
ble, my parents rich, my misfortune so great
that my parents must have wept and my family
grieved over it without being able by their we-
alth to lighten it; for the gifts of fortune can do
little to relieve reverses sent by Heaven. In that
same country there was a heaven in which love
had placed all the glory I could desire; such
was the beauty of Luscinda, a damsel as noble
and as rich as I, but of happier fortunes, and of
less firmness than was due to so worthy a pas-
sion as mine. This Luscinda I loved, worship-
ped, and adored from my earliest and tenderest
years, and she loved me in all the innocence
and sincerity of childhood. Our parents were
aware of our feelings, and were not sorry to
perceive them, for they saw clearly that as they
ripened they must lead at last to a marriage
between us, a thing that seemed almost prea-
rranged by the equality of our families and we-
alth. We grew up, and with our growth grew
the love between us, so that the father of Lus-
cinda felt bound for propriety's sake to refuse
me admission to his house, in this perhaps imi-
tating the parents of that Thisbe so celebrated
by the poets, and this refusal but added love to
love and flame to flame; for though they enfor-
ced silence upon our tongues they could not
impose it upon our pens, which can make
known the heart's secrets to a loved one more
freely than tongues; for many a time the pre-
sence of the object of love shakes the firmest
will and strikes dumb the boldest tongue. Ah
heavens! how many letters did I write her, and
how many dainty modest replies did I receive!
how many ditties and love-songs did I compo-
se in which my heart declared and made
known its feelings, described its ardent lon-
gings, revelled in its recollections and dallied
with its desires! At length growing impatient
and feeling my heart languishing with longing
to see her, I resolved to put into execution and
carry out what seemed to me the best mode of
winning my desired and merited reward, to ask
her of her father for my lawful wife, which I
did. To this his answer was that he thanked me
for the disposition I showed to do honour to
him and to regard myself as honoured by the
bestowal of his treasure; but that as my father
was alive it was his by right to make this de-
mand, for if it were not in accordance with his
full will and pleasure, Luscinda was not to be
taken or given by stealth. I thanked him for his
kindness, reflecting that there was reason in
what he said, and that my father would assent
to it as soon as I should tell him, and with that
view I went the very same instant to let him
know what my desires were. When I entered
the room where he was I found him with an
open letter in his hand, which, before I could
utter a word, he gave me, saying, 'By this letter
thou wilt see, Cardenio, the disposition the Du-
ke Ricardo has to serve thee.' This Duke Ricar-
do, as you, sirs, probably know already, is a
grandee of Spain who has his seat in the best
part of this Andalusia. I took and read the let-
ter, which was couched in terms so flattering
that even I myself felt it would be wrong in my
father not to comply with the request the duke
made in it, which was that he would send me
immediately to him, as he wished me to beco-
me the companion, not servant, of his eldest
son, and would take upon himself the charge of
placing me in a position corresponding to the
esteem in which he held me. On reading the
letter my voice failed me, and still more when I
heard my father say, 'Two days hence thou wilt
depart, Cardenio, in accordance with the duke's
wish, and give thanks to God who is opening a
road to thee by which thou mayest attain what
I know thou dost deserve; and to these words
he added others of fatherly counsel. The time
for my departure arrived; I spoke one night to
Luscinda, I told her all that had occurred, as I
did also to her father, entreating him to allow
some delay, and to defer the disposal of her
hand until I should see what the Duke Ricardo
sought of me: he gave me the promise, and she
confirmed it with vows and swoonings un-
numbered. Finally, I presented myself to the
duke, and was received and treated by him so
kindly that very soon envy began to do its
work, the old servants growing envious of me,
and regarding the duke's inclination to show
me favour as an injury to themselves. But the
one to whom my arrival gave the greatest plea-
sure was the duke's second son, Fernando by
name, a gallant youth, of noble, generous, and
amorous disposition, who very soon made so
intimate a friend of me that it was remarked by
everybody; for though the elder was attached
to me, and showed me kindness, he did not
carry his affectionate treatment to the same
length as Don Fernando. It so happened, then,
that as between friends no secret remains uns-
hared, and as the favour I enjoyed with Don
Fernando had grown into friendship, he made
all his thoughts known to me, and in particular
a love affair which troubled his mind a little.
He was deeply in love with a peasant girl, a
vassal of his father's, the daughter of wealthy
parents, and herself so beautiful, modest, dis-
creet, and virtuous, that no one who knew her
was able to decide in which of these respects
she was most highly gifted or most excelled.
The attractions of the fair peasant raised the
passion of Don Fernando to such a point that,
in order to gain his object and overcome her
virtuous resolutions, he determined to pledge
his word to her to become her husband, for to
attempt it in any other way was to attempt an
impossibility. Bound to him as I was by
friendship, I strove by the best arguments and
the most forcible examples I could think of to
restrain and dissuade him from such a course;
but perceiving I produced no effect I resolved
to make the Duke Ricardo, his father, acquain-
ted with the matter; but Don Fernando, being
sharp-witted and shrewd, foresaw and appre-
hended this, perceiving that by my duty as a
good servant I was bound not to keep concea-
led a thing so much opposed to the honour of
my lord the duke; and so, to mislead and de-
ceive me, he told me he could find no better
way of effacing from his mind the beauty that
so enslaved him than by absenting himself for
some months, and that he wished the absence
to be effected by our going, both of us, to my
father's house under the pretence, which he
would make to the duke, of going to see and
buy some fine horses that there were in my
city, which produces the best in the world.
When I heard him say so, even if his resolution
had not been so good a one I should have hai-
led it as one of the happiest that could be ima-
gined, prompted by my affection, seeing what a
favourable chance and opportunity it offered
me of returning to see my Luscinda. With this
thought and wish I commended his idea and
encouraged his design, advising him to put it
into execution as quickly as possible, as, in
truth, absence produced its effect in spite of the
most deeply rooted feelings. But, as afterwards
appeared, when he said this to me he had al-
ready enjoyed the peasant girl under the title of
husband, and was waiting for an opportunity
of making it known with safety to himself,
being in dread of what his father the duke
would do when he came to know of his folly. It
happened, then, that as with young men love is
for the most part nothing more than appetite,
which, as its final object is enjoyment, comes to
an end on obtaining it, and that which seemed
to be love takes to flight, as it cannot pass the
limit fixed by nature, which fixes no limit to
true love—what I mean is that after Don Fer-
nando had enjoyed this peasant girl his passion
subsided and his eagerness cooled, and if at
first he feigned a wish to absent himself in or-
der to cure his love, he was now in reality
anxious to go to avoid keeping his promise.
"The duke gave him permission, and orde-
red me to accompany him; we arrived at my
city, and my father gave him the reception due
to his rank; I saw Luscinda without delay, and,
though it had not been dead or deadened, my
love gathered fresh life. To my sorrow I told the
story of it to Don Fernando, for I thought that
in virtue of the great friendship he bore me I
was bound to conceal nothing from him. I exto-
lled her beauty, her gaiety, her wit, so warmly,
that my praises excited in him a desire to see a
damsel adorned by such attractions. To my
misfortune I yielded to it, showing her to him
one night by the light of a taper at a window
where we used to talk to one another. As she
appeared to him in her dressing-gown, she
drove all the beauties he had seen until then
out of his recollection; speech failed him, his
head turned, he was spell-bound, and in the
end love-smitten, as you will see in the course
of the story of my misfortune; and to inflame
still further his passion, which he hid from me
and revealed to Heaven alone, it so happened
that one day he found a note of hers entreating
me to demand her of her father in marriage, so
delicate, so modest, and so tender, that on rea-
ding it he told me that in Luscinda alone were
combined all the charms of beauty and unders-
tanding that were distributed among all the
other women in the world. It is true, and I own
it now, that though I knew what good cause
Don Fernando had to praise Luscinda, it gave
me uneasiness to hear these praises from his
mouth, and I began to fear, and with reason to
feel distrust of him, for there was no moment
when he was not ready to talk of Luscinda, and
he would start the subject himself even though
he dragged it in unseasonably, a circumstance
that aroused in me a certain amount of jealou-
sy; not that I feared any change in the constan-
cy or faith of Luscinda; but still my fate led me
to forebode what she assured me against. Don
Fernando contrived always to read the letters I
sent to Luscinda and her answers to me, under
the pretence that he enjoyed the wit and sense
of both. It so happened, then, that Luscinda
having begged of me a book of chivalry to read,
one that she was very fond of, Amadis of Gaul-
"
Don Quixote no sooner heard a book of chi-
valry mentioned, than he said:
"Had your worship told me at the beginning
of your story that the Lady Luscinda was fond
of books of chivalry, no other laudation would
have been requisite to impress upon me the
superiority of her understanding, for it could
not have been of the excellence you describe
had a taste for such delightful reading been
wanting; so, as far as I am concerned, you need
waste no more words in describing her beauty,
worth, and intelligence; for, on merely hearing
what her taste was, I declare her to be the most
beautiful and the most intelligent woman in the
world; and I wish your worship had, along
with Amadis of Gaul, sent her the worthy Don
Rugel of Greece, for I know the Lady Luscinda
would greatly relish Daraida and Garaya, and
the shrewd sayings of the shepherd Darinel,
and the admirable verses of his bucolics, sung
and delivered by him with such sprightliness,
wit, and ease; but a time may come when this
omission can be remedied, and to rectify it not-
hing more is needed than for your worship to
be so good as to come with me to my village,
for there I can give you more than three hun-
dred books which are the delight of my soul
and the entertainment of my life;—though it
occurs to me that I have not got one of them
now, thanks to the spite of wicked and envious
enchanters;—but pardon me for having broken
the promise we made not to interrupt your dis-
course; for when I hear chivalry or knights-
errant mentioned, I can no more help talking
about them than the rays of the sun can help
giving heat, or those of the moon moisture;
pardon me, therefore, and proceed, for that is
more to the purpose now."
While Don Quixote was saying this, Carde-
nio allowed his head to fall upon his breast,
and seemed plunged in deep thought; and
though twice Don Quixote bade him go on with
his story, he neither looked up nor uttered a
word in reply; but after some time he raised his
head and said, "I cannot get rid of the idea, nor
will anyone in the world remove it, or make me
think otherwise—and he would be a blockhead
who would hold or believe anything else than
that that arrant knave Master Elisabad made
free with Queen Madasima."
"That is not true, by all that's good," said
Don Quixote in high wrath, turning upon him
angrily, as his way was; "and it is a very great
slander, or rather villainy. Queen Madasima
was a very illustrious lady, and it is not to be
supposed that so exalted a princess would have
made free with a quack; and whoever main-
tains the contrary lies like a great scoundrel,
and I will give him to know it, on foot or on
horseback, armed or unarmed, by night or by
day, or as he likes best."
Cardenio was looking at him steadily, and
his mad fit having now come upon him, he had
no disposition to go on with his story, nor
would Don Quixote have listened to it, so much
had what he had heard about Madasima dis-
gusted him. Strange to say, he stood up for her
as if she were in earnest his veritable born lady;
to such a pass had his unholy books brought
him. Cardenio, then, being, as I said, now mad,
when he heard himself given the lie, and called
a scoundrel and other insulting names, not re-
lishing the jest, snatched up a stone that he
found near him, and with it delivered such a
blow on Don Quixote's breast that he laid him
on his back. Sancho Panza, seeing his master
treated in this fashion, attacked the madman
with his closed fist; but the Ragged One recei-
ved him in such a way that with a blow of his
fist he stretched him at his feet, and then moun-
ting upon him crushed his ribs to his own satis-
faction; the goatherd, who came to the rescue,
shared the same fate; and having beaten and
pummelled them all he left them and quietly
withdrew to his hiding-place on the mountain.
Sancho rose, and with the rage he felt at finding
himself so belaboured without deserving it, ran
to take vengeance on the goatherd, accusing
him of not giving them warning that this man
was at times taken with a mad fit, for if they
had known it they would have been on their
guard to protect themselves. The goatherd re-
plied that he had said so, and that if he had not
heard him, that was no fault of his. Sancho re-
torted, and the goatherd rejoined, and the alter-
cation ended in their seizing each other by the
beard, and exchanging such fisticuffs that if
Don Quixote had not made peace between
them, they would have knocked one another to
pieces.
"Leave me alone, Sir Knight of the Rueful
Countenance," said Sancho, grappling with the
goatherd, "for of this fellow, who is a clown like
myself, and no dubbed knight, I can safely take
satisfaction for the affront he has offered me,
fighting with him hand to hand like an honest
man."
"That is true," said Don Quixote, "but I know
that he is not to blame for what has happened."
With this he pacified them, and again asked
the goatherd if it would be possible to find
Cardenio, as he felt the greatest anxiety to
know the end of his story. The goatherd told
him, as he had told him before, that there was
no knowing of a certainty where his lair was;
but that if he wandered about much in that
neighbourhood he could not fail to fall in with
him either in or out of his senses.
 CHAPTER XXV.

WHICH TREATS OF THE STRANGE

THINGS THAT HAPPENED TO THE
STOUT KNIGHT OF LA MANCHA IN
THE SIERRA MORENA, AND OF HIS
IMITATION OF THE PENANCE OF
BELTENEBROS

Don Quixote took leave of the goatherd, and

once more mounting Rocinante bade Sancho
follow him, which he having no ass, did very
discontentedly. They proceeded slowly, ma-
king their way into the most rugged part of the
mountain, Sancho all the while dying to have a
talk with his master, and longing for him to
begin, so that there should be no breach of the
injunction laid upon him; but unable to keep
silence so long he said to him:
 "Senor Don Quixote, give me your worship's
blessing and dismissal, for I'd like to go home
at once to my wife and children with whom I
can at any rate talk and converse as much as I
like; for to want me to go through these solitu-
des day and night and not speak to you when I
have a mind is burying me alive. If luck would
have it that animals spoke as they did in the
days of Guisopete, it would not be so bad, be-
cause I could talk to Rocinante about whatever
came into my head, and so put up with my ill-
fortune; but it is a hard case, and not to be bor-
ne with patience, to go seeking adventures all
one's life and get nothing but kicks and blanke-
tings, brickbats and punches, and with all this
to have to sew up one's mouth without daring
to say what is in one's heart, just as if one were
dumb."
"I understand thee, Sancho," replied Don
Quixote; "thou art dying to have the interdict I
placed upon thy tongue removed; consider it
removed, and say what thou wilt while we are
wandering in these mountains."
"So be it," said Sancho; "let me speak now,
for God knows what will happen by-and-by;
and to take advantage of the permit at once, I
ask, what made your worship stand up so for
that Queen Majimasa, or whatever her name is,
or what did it matter whether that abbot was a
friend of hers or not? for if your worship had
let that pass—and you were not a judge in the
matter—it is my belief the madman would
have gone on with his story, and the blow of
the stone, and the kicks, and more than half a
dozen cuffs would have been escaped."
"In faith, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "if
thou knewest as I do what an honourable and
illustrious lady Queen Madasima was, I know
thou wouldst say I had great patience that I did
not break in pieces the mouth that uttered such
blasphemies, for a very great blasphemy it is to
say or imagine that a queen has made free with
a surgeon. The truth of the story is that that
Master Elisabad whom the madman mentioned
was a man of great prudence and sound judg-
ment, and served as governor and physician to
the queen, but to suppose that she was his mis-
tress is nonsense deserving very severe pu-
nishment; and as a proof that Cardenio did not
know what he was saying, remember when he
said it he was out of his wits."
"That is what I say," said Sancho; "there was
no occasion for minding the words of a mad-
man; for if good luck had not helped your
worship, and he had sent that stone at your
head instead of at your breast, a fine way we
should have been in for standing up for my
lady yonder, God confound her! And then,
would not Cardenio have gone free as a mad-
man?"
"Against men in their senses or against
madmen," said Don Quixote, "every knight-
errant is bound to stand up for the honour of
women, whoever they may be, much more for
queens of such high degree and dignity as
Queen Madasima, for whom I have a particular
regard on account of her amiable qualities; for,
besides being extremely beautiful, she was very
wise, and very patient under her misfortunes,
of which she had many; and the counsel and
society of the Master Elisabad were a great help
and support to her in enduring her afflictions
with wisdom and resignation; hence the igno-
rant and ill-disposed vulgar took occasion to
say and think that she was his mistress; and
they lie, I say it once more, and will lie two
hundred times more, all who think and say so."
"I neither say nor think so," said Sancho; "let
them look to it; with their bread let them eat it;
they have rendered account to God whether
they misbehaved or not; I come from my vine-
yard, I know nothing; I am not fond of prying
into other men's lives; he who buys and lies
feels it in his purse; moreover, naked was I
born, naked I find myself, I neither lose nor
gain; but if they did, what is that to me? many
think there are flitches where there are no
hooks; but who can put gates to the open plain?
moreover they said of God-"
"God bless me," said Don Quixote, "what a
set of absurdities thou art stringing together!
What has what we are talking about got to do
with the proverbs thou art threading one after
the other? for God's sake hold thy tongue, San-
cho, and henceforward keep to prodding thy
ass and don't meddle in what does not concern
thee; and understand with all thy five senses
that everything I have done, am doing, or shall
do, is well founded on reason and in conformi-
ty with the rules of chivalry, for I understand
them better than all the world that profess
them."
"Senor," replied Sancho, "is it a good rule of
chivalry that we should go astray through these
mountains without path or road, looking for a
madman who when he is found will perhaps
take a fancy to finish what he began, not his
story, but your worship's head and my ribs,
and end by breaking them altogether for us?"
 "Peace, I say again, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "for let me tell thee it is not so much
the desire of finding that madman that leads
me into these regions as that which I have of
performing among them an achievement whe-
rewith I shall win eternal name and fame
throughout the known world; and it shall be
such that I shall thereby set the seal on all that
can make a knight-errant perfect and famous."
"And is it very perilous, this achievement?"
"No," replied he of the Rueful Countenance;
"though it may be in the dice that we may
throw deuce-ace instead of sixes; but all will
depend on thy diligence."
"On my diligence!" said Sancho.
"Yes," said Don Quixote, "for if thou dost re-
turn soon from the place where I mean to send
thee, my penance will be soon over, and my
glory will soon begin. But as it is not right to
keep thee any longer in suspense, waiting to
see what comes of my words, I would have
thee know, Sancho, that the famous Amadis of
Gaul was one of the most perfect knights-
errant—I am wrong to say he was one; he stood
alone, the first, the only one, the lord of all that
were in the world in his time. A fig for Don
Belianis, and for all who say he equalled him in
any respect, for, my oath upon it, they are de-
ceiving themselves! I say, too, that when a pain-
ter desires to become famous in his art he en-
deavours to copy the originals of the rarest
painters that he knows; and the same rule holds
good for all the most important crafts and ca-
llings that serve to adorn a state; thus must he
who would be esteemed prudent and patient
imitate Ulysses, in whose person and labours
Homer presents to us a lively picture of pru-
dence and patience; as Virgil, too, shows us in
the person of AEneas the virtue of a pious son
and the sagacity of a brave and skilful captain;
not representing or describing them as they
were, but as they ought to be, so as to leave the
example of their virtues to posterity. In the sa-
me way Amadis was the polestar, day-star, sun
of valiant and devoted knights, whom all we
who fight under the banner of love and chival-
ry are bound to imitate. This, then, being so, I
consider, friend Sancho, that the knight-errant
who shall imitate him most closely will come
nearest to reaching the perfection of chivalry.
Now one of the instances in which this knight
most conspicuously showed his prudence,
worth, valour, endurance, fortitude, and love,
was when he withdrew, rejected by the Lady
Oriana, to do penance upon the Pena Pobre,
changing his name into that of Beltenebros, a
name assuredly significant and appropriate to
the life which he had voluntarily adopted. So,
as it is easier for me to imitate him in this than
in cleaving giants asunder, cutting off serpents'
heads, slaying dragons, routing armies, destro-
ying fleets, and breaking enchantments, and as
this place is so well suited for a similar purpo-
se, I must not allow the opportunity to escape
which now so conveniently offers me its fore-
lock."
 "What is it in reality," said Sancho, "that
your worship means to do in such an out-of-
the-way place as this?"
"Have I not told thee," answered Don Quixo-
te, "that I mean to imitate Amadis here, playing
the victim of despair, the madman, the maniac,
so as at the same time to imitate the valiant Don
Roland, when at the fountain he had evidence
of the fair Angelica having disgraced herself
with Medoro and through grief thereat went
mad, and plucked up trees, troubled the waters
of the clear springs, slew destroyed flocks, bur-
ned down huts, levelled houses, dragged mares
after him, and perpetrated a hundred thousand
other outrages worthy of everlasting renown
and record? And though I have no intention of
imitating Roland, or Orlando, or Rotolando (for
he went by all these names), step by step in all
the mad things he did, said, and thought, I will
make a rough copy to the best of my power of
all that seems to me most essential; but perhaps
I shall content myself with the simple imitation
of Amadis, who without giving way to any
mischievous madness but merely to tears and
sorrow, gained as much fame as the most fa-
mous."
"It seems to me," said Sancho, "that the
knights who behaved in this way had provoca-
tion and cause for those follies and penances;
but what cause has your worship for going
mad? What lady has rejected you, or what evi-
dence have you found to prove that the lady
Dulcinea del Toboso has been trifling with Mo-
or or Christian?"
"There is the point," replied Don Quixote,
"and that is the beauty of this business of mine;
no thanks to a knight-errant for going mad
when he has cause; the thing is to turn crazy
without any provocation, and let my lady
know, if I do this in the dry, what I would do in
the moist; moreover I have abundant cause in
the long separation I have endured from my
lady till death, Dulcinea del Toboso; for as thou
didst hear that shepherd Ambrosio say the ot-
her day, in absence all ills are felt and feared;
and so, friend Sancho, waste no time in advi-
sing me against so rare, so happy, and so un-
heard-of an imitation; mad I am, and mad I
must be until thou returnest with the answer to
a letter that I mean to send by thee to my lady
Dulcinea; and if it be such as my constancy de-
serves, my insanity and penance will come to
an end; and if it be to the opposite effect, I shall
become mad in earnest, and, being so, I shall
suffer no more; thus in whatever way she may
answer I shall escape from the struggle and
affliction in which thou wilt leave me, enjoying
in my senses the boon thou bearest me, or as a
madman not feeling the evil thou bringest me.
But tell me, Sancho, hast thou got Mambrino's
helmet safe? for I saw thee take it up from the
ground when that ungrateful wretch tried to
break it in pieces but could not, by which the
fineness of its temper may be seen."
To which Sancho made answer, "By the li-
ving God, Sir Knight of the Rueful Countenan-
ce, I cannot endure or bear with patience some
of the things that your worship says; and from
them I begin to suspect that all you tell me
about chivalry, and winning kingdoms and
empires, and giving islands, and bestowing
other rewards and dignities after the custom of
knights-errant, must be all made up of wind
and lies, and all pigments or figments, or wha-
tever we may call them; for what would anyo-
ne think that heard your worship calling a bar-
ber's basin Mambrino's helmet without ever
seeing the mistake all this time, but that one
who says and maintains such things must have
his brains addled? I have the basin in my sack
all dinted, and I am taking it home to have it
mended, to trim my beard in it, if, by God's
grace, I am allowed to see my wife and children
some day or other."
"Look here, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "by
him thou didst swear by just now I swear thou
hast the most limited understanding that any
squire in the world has or ever had. Is it possi-
ble that all this time thou hast been going about
with me thou hast never found out that all
things belonging to knights-errant seem to be
illusions and nonsense and ravings, and to go
always by contraries? And not because it really
is so, but because there is always a swarm of
enchanters in attendance upon us that change
and alter everything with us, and turn things as
they please, and according as they are disposed
to aid or destroy us; thus what seems to thee a
barber's basin seems to me Mambrino's helmet,
and to another it will seem something else; and
rare foresight it was in the sage who is on my
side to make what is really and truly Mambri-
ne's helmet seem a basin to everybody, for,
being held in such estimation as it is, all the
world would pursue me to rob me of it; but
when they see it is only a barber's basin they do
not take the trouble to obtain it; as was plainly
shown by him who tried to break it, and left it
on the ground without taking it, for, by my
faith, had he known it he would never have left
it behind. Keep it safe, my friend, for just now I
have no need of it; indeed, I shall have to take
off all this armour and remain as naked as I
was born, if I have a mind to follow Roland
rather than Amadis in my penance."
Thus talking they reached the foot of a high
mountain which stood like an isolated peak
among the others that surrounded it. Past its
base there flowed a gentle brook, all around it
spread a meadow so green and luxuriant that it
was a delight to the eyes to look upon it, and
forest trees in abundance, and shrubs and flo-
wers, added to the charms of the spot. Upon
this place the Knight of the Rueful Countenan-
ce fixed his choice for the performance of his
penance, and as he beheld it exclaimed in a
loud voice as though he were out of his senses:
"This is the place, oh, ye heavens, that I se-
lect and choose for bewailing the misfortune in
which ye yourselves have plunged me: this is
the spot where the overflowings of mine eyes
shall swell the waters of yon little brook, and
my deep and endless sighs shall stir unceasin-
gly the leaves of these mountain trees, in testi-
mony and token of the pain my persecuted
heart is suffering. Oh, ye rural deities, whoever
ye be that haunt this lone spot, give ear to the
complaint of a wretched lover whom long ab-
sence and brooding jealousy have driven to
bewail his fate among these wilds and com-
plain of the hard heart of that fair and ungrate-
ful one, the end and limit of all human beauty!
Oh, ye wood nymphs and dryads, that dwell in
the thickets of the forest, so may the nimble
wanton satyrs by whom ye are vainly wooed
never disturb your sweet repose, help me to
lament my hard fate or at least weary not at
listening to it! Oh, Dulcinea del Toboso, day of
my night, glory of my pain, guide of my path,
star of my fortune, so may Heaven grant thee in
full all thou seekest of it, bethink thee of the
place and condition to which absence from thee
has brought me, and make that return in kind-
ness that is due to my fidelity! Oh, lonely trees,
that from this day forward shall bear me com-
pany in my solitude, give me some sign by the
gentle movement of your boughs that my pre-
sence is not distasteful to you! Oh, thou, my
squire, pleasant companion in my prosperous
and adverse fortunes, fix well in thy memory
what thou shalt see me do here, so that thou
mayest relate and report it to the sole cause of
all," and so saying he dismounted from Roci-
nante, and in an instant relieved him of saddle
and bridle, and giving him a slap on the croup,
said, "He gives thee freedom who is bereft of it
himself, oh steed as excellent in deed as thou
art unfortunate in thy lot; begone where thou
wilt, for thou bearest written on thy forehead
that neither Astolfo's hippogriff, nor the famed
Frontino that cost Bradamante so dear, could
equal thee in speed."
Seeing this Sancho said, "Good luck to him
who has saved us the trouble of stripping the
pack-saddle off Dapple! By my faith he would
not have gone without a slap on the croup and
something said in his praise; though if he were
here I would not let anyone strip him, for there
would be no occasion, as he had nothing of the
lover or victim of despair about him, inasmuch
as his master, which I was while it was God's
pleasure, was nothing of the sort; and indeed,
Sir Knight of the Rueful Countenance, if my
departure and your worship's madness are to
come off in earnest, it will be as well to saddle
Rocinante again in order that he may supply
the want of Dapple, because it will save me
time in going and returning: for if I go on foot I
don't know when I shall get there or when I
shall get back, as I am, in truth, a bad walker."
"I declare, Sancho," returned Don Quixote,
"it shall be as thou wilt, for thy plan does not
seem to me a bad one, and three days hence
thou wilt depart, for I wish thee to observe in
the meantime what I do and say for her sake,
that thou mayest be able to tell it."
"But what more have I to see besides what I
have seen?" said Sancho.
 "Much thou knowest about it!" said Don
Quixote. "I have now got to tear up my gar-
ments, to scatter about my armour, knock my
head against these rocks, and more of the same
sort of thing, which thou must witness."
"For the love of God," said Sancho, "be care-
ful, your worship, how you give yourself those
knocks on the head, for you may come across
such a rock, and in such a way, that the very
first may put an end to the whole contrivance
of this penance; and I should think, if indeed
knocks on the head seem necessary to you, and
this business cannot be done without them, you
might be content—as the whole thing is feig-
ned, and counterfeit, and in joke—you might be
content, I say, with giving them to yourself in
the water, or against something soft, like cot-
ton; and leave it all to me; for I'll tell my lady
that your worship knocked your head against a
point of rock harder than a diamond."
"I thank thee for thy good intentions, friend
Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "but I would
have thee know that all these things I am doing
are not in joke, but very much in earnest, for
anything else would be a transgression of the
ordinances of chivalry, which forbid us to tell
any lie whatever under the penalties due to
apostasy; and to do one thing instead of anot-
her is just the same as lying; so my knocks on
the head must be real, solid, and valid, without
anything sophisticated or fanciful about them,
and it will be needful to leave me some lint to
dress my wounds, since fortune has compelled
us to do without the balsam we lost."
"It was worse losing the ass," replied Sancho,
"for with him lint and all were lost; but I beg of
your worship not to remind me again of that
accursed liquor, for my soul, not to say my
stomach, turns at hearing the very name of it;
and I beg of you, too, to reckon as past the three
days you allowed me for seeing the mad things
you do, for I take them as seen already and
pronounced upon, and I will tell wonderful
stories to my lady; so write the letter and send
me off at once, for I long to return and take
your worship out of this purgatory where I am
leaving you."
"Purgatory dost thou call it, Sancho?" said
Don Quixote, "rather call it hell, or even worse
if there be anything worse."
"For one who is in hell," said Sancho, "nulla
est retentio, as I have heard say."
"I do not understand what retentio means,"
said Don Quixote.
"Retentio," answered Sancho, "means that
whoever is in hell never comes nor can come
out of it, which will be the opposite case with
your worship or my legs will be idle, that is if I
have spurs to enliven Rocinante: let me once
get to El Toboso and into the presence of my
lady Dulcinea, and I will tell her such things of
the follies and madnesses (for it is all one) that
your worship has done and is still doing, that I
will manage to make her softer than a glove
though I find her harder than a cork tree; and
with her sweet and honeyed answer I will come
back through the air like a witch, and take your
worship out of this purgatory that seems to be
hell but is not, as there is hope of getting out of
it; which, as I have said, those in hell have not,
and I believe your worship will not say anyt-
hing to the contrary."
"That is true," said he of the Rueful Counte-
nance, "but how shall we manage to write the
letter?"
"And the ass-colt order too," added Sancho.
"All shall be included," said Don Quixote;
"and as there is no paper, it would be well done
to write it on the leaves of trees, as the ancients
did, or on tablets of wax; though that would be
as hard to find just now as paper. But it has just
occurred to me how it may be conveniently and
even more than conveniently written, and that
is in the note-book that belonged to Cardenio,
and thou wilt take care to have it copied on
paper, in a good hand, at the first village thou
comest to where there is a schoolmaster, or if
not, any sacristan will copy it; but see thou give
it not to any notary to copy, for they write a law
hand that Satan could not make out."
"But what is to be done about the signature?"
said Sancho.
"The letters of Amadis were never signed,"
said Don Quixote.
"That is all very well," said Sancho, "but the
order must needs be signed, and if it is copied
they will say the signature is false, and I shall
be left without ass-colts."
"The order shall go signed in the same bo-
ok," said Don Quixote, "and on seeing it my
niece will make no difficulty about obeying it;
as to the loveletter thou canst put by way of
signature, 'Yours till death, the Knight of the
Rueful Countenance.' And it will be no great
matter if it is in some other person's hand, for
as well as I recollect Dulcinea can neither read
nor write, nor in the whole course of her life
has she seen handwriting or letter of mine, for
my love and hers have been always platonic,
not going beyond a modest look, and even that
so seldom that I can safely swear I have not
seen her four times in all these twelve years I
have been loving her more than the light of
these eyes that the earth will one day devour;
and perhaps even of those four times she has
not once perceived that I was looking at her:
such is the retirement and seclusion in which
her father Lorenzo Corchuelo and her mother
Aldonza Nogales have brought her up."
"So, so!" said Sancho; "Lorenzo Corchuelo's
daughter is the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, ot-
herwise called Aldonza Lorenzo?"
"She it is," said Don Quixote, "and she it is
that is worthy to be lady of the whole univer-
se."
"I know her well," said Sancho, "and let me
tell you she can fling a crowbar as well as the
lustiest lad in all the town. Giver of all good!
but she is a brave lass, and a right and stout
one, and fit to be helpmate to any knight-errant
that is or is to be, who may make her his lady:
the whoreson wench, what sting she has and
what a voice! I can tell you one day she posted
herself on the top of the belfry of the village to
call some labourers of theirs that were in a
ploughed field of her father's, and though they
were better than half a league off they heard
her as well as if they were at the foot of the to-
wer; and the best of her is that she is not a bit
prudish, for she has plenty of affability, and
jokes with everybody, and has a grin and a jest
for everything. So, Sir Knight of the Rueful
Countenance, I say you not only may and
ought to do mad freaks for her sake, but you
have a good right to give way to despair and
hang yourself; and no one who knows of it but
will say you did well, though the devil should
take you; and I wish I were on my road alrea-
dy, simply to see her, for it is many a day since
I saw her, and she must be altered by this time,
for going about the fields always, and the sun
and the air spoil women's looks greatly. But I
must own the truth to your worship, Senor Don
Quixote; until now I have been under a great
mistake, for I believed truly and honestly that
the lady Dulcinea must be some princess your
worship was in love with, or some person great
enough to deserve the rich presents you have
sent her, such as the Biscayan and the galley
slaves, and many more no doubt, for your
worship must have won many victories in the
time when I was not yet your squire. But all
things considered, what good can it do the lady
Aldonza Lorenzo, I mean the lady Dulcinea del
Toboso, to have the vanquished your worship
sends or will send coming to her and going
down on their knees before her? Because may
be when they came she'd be hackling flax or
threshing on the threshing floor, and they'd be
ashamed to see her, and she'd laugh, or resent
the present."
"I have before now told thee many times,
Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that thou art a
mighty great chatterer, and that with a blunt
wit thou art always striving at sharpness; but to
show thee what a fool thou art and how ratio-
nal I am, I would have thee listen to a short
story. Thou must know that a certain widow,
fair, young, independent, and rich, and above
all free and easy, fell in love with a sturdy
strapping young lay-brother; his superior came
to know of it, and one day said to the worthy
widow by way of brotherly remonstrance, 'I am
surprised, senora, and not without good rea-
son, that a woman of such high standing, so
fair, and so rich as you are, should have fallen
in love with such a mean, low, stupid fellow as
So-and-so, when in this house there are so ma-
ny masters, graduates, and divinity students
from among whom you might choose as if they
were a lot of pears, saying this one I'll take, that
I won't take;' but she replied to him with great
sprightliness and candour, 'My dear sir, you are
very much mistaken, and your ideas are very
old-fashioned, if you think that I have made a
bad choice in So-and-so, fool as he seems; be-
cause for all I want with him he knows as much
and more philosophy than Aristotle.' In the
same way, Sancho, for all I want with Dulcinea
del Toboso she is just as good as the most exal-
ted princess on earth. It is not to be supposed
that all those poets who sang the praises of la-
dies under the fancy names they give them,
had any such mistresses. Thinkest thou that the
Amarillises, the Phillises, the Sylvias, the Di-
anas, the Galateas, the Filidas, and all the rest
of them, that the books, the ballads, the barber's
shops, the theatres are full of, were really and
truly ladies of flesh and blood, and mistresses
of those that glorify and have glorified them?
Nothing of the kind; they only invent them for
the most part to furnish a subject for their ver-
ses, and that they may pass for lovers, or for
men valiant enough to be so; and so it suffices
me to think and believe that the good Aldonza
Lorenzo is fair and virtuous; and as to her pe-
digree it is very little matter, for no one will
examine into it for the purpose of conferring
any order upon her, and I, for my part, reckon
her the most exalted princess in the world. For
thou shouldst know, Sancho, if thou dost not
know, that two things alone beyond all others
are incentives to love, and these are great beau-
ty and a good name, and these two things are
to be found in Dulcinea in the highest degree,
for in beauty no one equals her and in good
name few approach her; and to put the whole
thing in a nutshell, I persuade myself that all I
say is as I say, neither more nor less, and I pic-
ture her in my imagination as I would have her
to be, as well in beauty as in condition; Helen
approaches her not nor does Lucretia come up
to her, nor any other of the famous women of
times past, Greek, Barbarian, or Latin; and let
each say what he will, for if in this I am taken to
task by the ignorant, I shall not be censured by
the critical."
"I say that your worship is entirely right,"
said Sancho, "and that I am an ass. But I know
not how the name of ass came into my mouth,
for a rope is not to be mentioned in the house of
him who has been hanged; but now for the let-
ter, and then, God be with you, I am off."
Don Quixote took out the note-book, and,
retiring to one side, very deliberately began to
write the letter, and when he had finished it he
called to Sancho, saying he wished to read it to
him, so that he might commit it to memory, in
case of losing it on the road; for with evil fortu-
ne like his anything might be apprehended. To
which Sancho replied, "Write it two or three
times there in the book and give it to me, and I
will carry it very carefully, because to expect
me to keep it in my memory is all nonsense, for
I have such a bad one that I often forget my
own name; but for all that repeat it to me, as I
shall like to hear it, for surely it will run as if it
was in print."
"Listen," said Don Quixote, "this is what it
says:
 "DON QUIXOTE'S LETTER TO DUL-
CINEA DEL TOBOSO
"Sovereign and exalted Lady,—The pierced
by the point of absence, the wounded to the
heart's core, sends thee, sweetest Dulcinea del
Toboso, the health that he himself enjoys not. If
thy beauty despises me, if thy worth is not for
me, if thy scorn is my affliction, though I be
sufficiently long-suffering, hardly shall I endu-
re this anxiety, which, besides being oppressi-
ve, is protracted. My good squire Sancho will
relate to thee in full, fair ingrate, dear enemy,
the condition to which I am reduced on thy
account: if it be thy pleasure to give me relief, I
am thine; if not, do as may be pleasing to thee;
for by ending my life I shall satisfy thy cruelty
and my desire.
"Thine till death,
"The Knight of the Rueful Countenance."
 "By the life of my father," said Sancho, when
he heard the letter, "it is the loftiest thing I ever
heard. Body of me! how your worship says
everything as you like in it! And how well you
fit in 'The Knight of the Rueful Countenance'
into the signature. I declare your worship is
indeed the very devil, and there is nothing you
don't know."
"Everything is needed for the calling I fo-
llow," said Don Quixote.
"Now then," said Sancho, "let your worship
put the order for the three ass-colts on the other
side, and sign it very plainly, that they may
recognise it at first sight."
"With all my heart," said Don Quixote, and
as he had written it he read it to this effect:
"Mistress Niece,—By this first of ass-colts
please pay to Sancho Panza, my squire, three of
the five I left at home in your charge: said three
ass-colts to be paid and delivered for the same
number received here in hand, which upon this
and upon his receipt shall be duly paid. Done
in the heart of the Sierra Morena, the twenty-
seventh of August of this present year."
"That will do," said Sancho; "now let your
worship sign it."
"There is no need to sign it," said Don
Quixote, "but merely to put my flourish, which
is the same as a signature, and enough for three
asses, or even three hundred."
"I can trust your worship," returned Sancho;
"let me go and saddle Rocinante, and be ready
to give me your blessing, for I mean to go at
once without seeing the fooleries your worship
is going to do; I'll say I saw you do so many
that she will not want any more."
"At any rate, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "I
should like—and there is reason for it—I
should like thee, I say, to see me stripped to the
skin and performing a dozen or two of insani-
ties, which I can get done in less than half an
hour; for having seen them with thine own
eyes, thou canst then safely swear to the rest
that thou wouldst add; and I promise thee thou
wilt not tell of as many as I mean to perform."
"For the love of God, master mine," said
Sancho, "let me not see your worship stripped,
for it will sorely grieve me, and I shall not be
able to keep from tears, and my head aches so
with all I shed last night for Dapple, that I am
not fit to begin any fresh weeping; but if it is
your worship's pleasure that I should see some
insanities, do them in your clothes, short ones,
and such as come readiest to hand; for I myself
want nothing of the sort, and, as I have said, it
will be a saving of time for my return, which
will be with the news your worship desires and
deserves. If not, let the lady Dulcinea look to it;
if she does not answer reasonably, I swear as
solemnly as I can that I will fetch a fair answer
out of her stomach with kicks and cuffs; for
why should it be borne that a knight-errant as
famous as your worship should go mad wit-
hout rhyme or reason for a—? Her ladyship
had best not drive me to say it, for by God I
will speak out and let off everything cheap,
even if it doesn't sell: I am pretty good at that!
she little knows me; faith, if she knew me she'd
be in awe of me."
"In faith, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "to all
appearance thou art no sounder in thy wits
than I."
"I am not so mad," answered Sancho, "but I
am more peppery; but apart from all this, what
has your worship to eat until I come back? Will
you sally out on the road like Cardenio to force
it from the shepherds?"
"Let not that anxiety trouble thee," replied
Don Quixote, "for even if I had it I should not
eat anything but the herbs and the fruits which
this meadow and these trees may yield me; the
beauty of this business of mine lies in not ea-
ting, and in performing other mortifications."
"Do you know what I am afraid of?" said
Sancho upon this; "that I shall not be able to
find my way back to this spot where I am lea-
ving you, it is such an out-of-the-way place."
 "Observe the landmarks well," said Don
Quixote, "for I will try not to go far from this
neighbourhood, and I will even take care to
mount the highest of these rocks to see if I can
discover thee returning; however, not to miss
me and lose thyself, the best plan will be to cut
some branches of the broom that is so abundant
about here, and as thou goest to lay them at
intervals until thou hast come out upon the
plain; these will serve thee, after the fashion of
the clue in the labyrinth of Theseus, as marks
and signs for finding me on thy return."
"So I will," said Sancho Panza, and having
cut some, he asked his master's blessing, and
not without many tears on both sides, took his
leave of him, and mounting Rocinante, of
whom Don Quixote charged him earnestly to
have as much care as of his own person, he set
out for the plain, strewing at intervals the bran-
ches of broom as his master had recommended
him; and so he went his way, though Don
Quixote still entreated him to see him do were
it only a couple of mad acts. He had not gone a
hundred paces, however, when he returned
and said:
"I must say, senor, your worship said quite
right, that in order to be able to swear without a
weight on my conscience that I had seen you
do mad things, it would be well for me to see if
it were only one; though in your worship's re-
maining here I have seen a very great one."
"Did I not tell thee so?" said Don Quixote.
"Wait, Sancho, and I will do them in the saying
of a credo," and pulling off his breeches in all
haste he stripped himself to his skin and his
shirt, and then, without more ado, he cut a
couple of gambados in the air, and a couple of
somersaults, heels over head, making such a
display that, not to see it a second time, Sancho
wheeled Rocinante round, and felt easy, and
satisfied in his mind that he could swear he had
left his master mad; and so we will leave him to
follow his road until his return, which was a
quick one.
 CHAPTER XXVI.

IN WHICH ARE CONTINUED THE

REFINEMENTS WHEREWITH DON
QUIXOTE PLAYED THE PART OF A
LOVER IN THE SIERRA MORENA

Returning to the proceedings of him of the

Rueful Countenance when he found himself
alone, the history says that when Don Quixote
had completed the performance of the somer-
saults or capers, naked from the waist down
and clothed from the waist up, and saw that
Sancho had gone off without waiting to see any
more crazy feats, he climbed up to the top of a
high rock, and there set himself to consider
what he had several times before considered
without ever coming to any conclusion on the
point, namely whether it would be better and
more to his purpose to imitate the outrageous
madness of Roland, or the melancholy madness
of Amadis; and communing with himself he
said:
"What wonder is it if Roland was so good a
knight and so valiant as everyone says he was,
when, after all, he was enchanted, and nobody
could kill him save by thrusting a corking pin
into the sole of his foot, and he always wore
shoes with seven iron soles? Though cunning
devices did not avail him against Bernardo del
Carpio, who knew all about them, and stran-
gled him in his arms at Roncesvalles. But put-
ting the question of his valour aside, let us co-
me to his losing his wits, for certain it is that he
did lose them in consequence of the proofs he
discovered at the fountain, and the intelligence
the shepherd gave him of Angelica having slept
more than two siestas with Medoro, a little cur-
ly-headed Moor, and page to Agramante. If he
was persuaded that this was true, and that his
lady had wronged him, it is no wonder that he
should have gone mad; but I, how am I to imi-
tate him in his madness, unless I can imitate
him in the cause of it? For my Dulcinea, I will
venture to swear, never saw a Moor in her life,
as he is, in his proper costume, and she is this
day as the mother that bore her, and I should
plainly be doing her a wrong if, fancying anyt-
hing else, I were to go mad with the same kind
of madness as Roland the Furious. On the other
hand, I see that Amadis of Gaul, without losing
his senses and without doing anything mad,
acquired as a lover as much fame as the most
famous; for, according to his history, on finding
himself rejected by his lady Oriana, who had
ordered him not to appear in her presence until
it should be her pleasure, all he did was to reti-
re to the Pena Pobre in company with a hermit,
and there he took his fill of weeping until Hea-
ven sent him relief in the midst of his great
grief and need. And if this be true, as it is, why
should I now take the trouble to strip stark na-
ked, or do mischief to these trees which have
done me no harm, or why am I to disturb the
clear waters of these brooks which will give me
to drink whenever I have a mind? Long live the
memory of Amadis and let him be imitated so
far as is possible by Don Quixote of La Mancha,
of whom it will be said, as was said of the ot-
her, that if he did not achieve great things, he
died in attempting them; and if I am not repul-
sed or rejected by my Dulcinea, it is enough for
me, as I have said, to be absent from her. And
so, now to business; come to my memory ye
deeds of Amadis, and show me how I am to
begin to imitate you. I know already that what
he chiefly did was to pray and commend him-
self to God; but what am I to do for a rosary, for
I have not got one?"
And then it occurred to him how he might
make one, and that was by tearing a great strip
off the tail of his shirt which hung down, and
making eleven knots on it, one bigger than the
rest, and this served him for a rosary all the
time he was there, during which he repeated
countless ave-marias. But what distressed him
greatly was not having another hermit there to
confess him and receive consolation from; and
so he solaced himself with pacing up and down
the little meadow, and writing and carving on
the bark of the trees and on the fine sand a mul-
titude of verses all in harmony with his sad-
ness, and some in praise of Dulcinea; but, when
he was found there afterwards, the only ones
completely legible that could be discovered
were those that follow here:
Ye on the mountain side that grow,
Ye green things all, trees, shrubs, and bushes,
Are ye aweary of the woe
That this poor aching bosom crushes?
If it disturb you, and I owe
Some reparation, it may be a
Defence for me to let you know
Don Quixote's tears are on the flow,
And all for distant Dulcinea
Del Toboso.
 The lealest lover time can show,
Doomed for a lady-love to languish,
Among these solitudes doth go,
A prey to every kind of anguish.
Why Love should like a spiteful foe
Thus use him, he hath no idea,
But hogsheads full—this doth he know—
Don Quixote's tears are on the flow,
And all for distant Dulcinea
Del Toboso.
Adventure-seeking doth he go
Up rugged heights, down rocky valleys,
But hill or dale, or high or low,
Mishap attendeth all his sallies:
Love still pursues him to and fro,
And plies his cruel scourge—ah me! a
Relentless fate, an endless woe;
Don Quixote's tears are on the flow,
And all for distant Dulcinea
Del Toboso.
The addition of "Del Toboso" to Dulcinea's
name gave rise to no little laughter among tho-
se who found the above lines, for they suspec-
ted Don Quixote must have fancied that unless
he added "del Toboso" when he introduced the
name of Dulcinea the verse would be unintelli-
gible; which was indeed the fact, as he himself
afterwards admitted. He wrote many more,
but, as has been said, these three verses were all
that could be plainly and perfectly deciphered.
In this way, and in sighing and calling on the
fauns and satyrs of the woods and the nymphs
of the streams, and Echo, moist and mournful,
to answer, console, and hear him, as well as in
looking for herbs to sustain him, he passed his
time until Sancho's return; and had that been
delayed three weeks, as it was three days, the
Knight of the Rueful Countenance would have
worn such an altered countenance that the
mother that bore him would not have known
him: and here it will be well to leave him,
wrapped up in sighs and verses, to relate how
Sancho Panza fared on his mission.
 As for him, coming out upon the high road,
he made for El Toboso, and the next day rea-
ched the inn where the mishap of the blanket
had befallen him. As soon as he recognised it
he felt as if he were once more living through
the air, and he could not bring himself to enter
it though it was an hour when he might well
have done so, for it was dinner-time, and he
longed to taste something hot as it had been all
cold fare with him for many days past. This
craving drove him to draw near to the inn, still
undecided whether to go in or not, and as he
was hesitating there came out two persons who
at once recognised him, and said one to the
other:
"Senor licentiate, is not he on the horse there
Sancho Panza who, our adventurer's house-
keeper told us, went off with her master as es-
quire?"
"So it is," said the licentiate, "and that is our
friend Don Quixote's horse;" and if they knew
him so well it was because they were the curate
and the barber of his own village, the same
who had carried out the scrutiny and sentence
upon the books; and as soon as they recognised
Sancho Panza and Rocinante, being anxious to
hear of Don Quixote, they approached, and
calling him by his name the curate said, "Friend
Sancho Panza, where is your master?"
Sancho recognised them at once, and deter-
mined to keep secret the place and circumstan-
ces where and under which he had left his mas-
ter, so he replied that his master was engaged
in a certain quarter on a certain matter of great
importance to him which he could not disclose
for the eyes in his head.
"Nay, nay," said the barber, "if you don't tell
us where he is, Sancho Panza, we will suspect
as we suspect already, that you have murdered
and robbed him, for here you are mounted on
his horse; in fact, you must produce the master
of the hack, or else take the consequences."
"There is no need of threats with me," said
Sancho, "for I am not a man to rob or murder
anybody; let his own fate, or God who made
him, kill each one; my master is engaged very
much to his taste doing penance in the midst of
these mountains;" and then, offhand and wit-
hout stopping, he told them how he had left
him, what adventures had befallen him, and
how he was carrying a letter to the lady Dulci-
nea del Toboso, the daughter of Lorenzo Cor-
chuelo, with whom he was over head and ears
in love. They were both amazed at what Sancho
Panza told them; for though they were aware of
Don Quixote's madness and the nature of it,
each time they heard of it they were filled with
fresh wonder. They then asked Sancho Panza to
show them the letter he was carrying to the
lady Dulcinea del Toboso. He said it was writ-
ten in a note-book, and that his master's direc-
tions were that he should have it copied on
paper at the first village he came to. On this the
curate said if he showed it to him, he himself
would make a fair copy of it. Sancho put his
hand into his bosom in search of the note-book
but could not find it, nor, if he had been sear-
ching until now, could he have found it, for
Don Quixote had kept it, and had never given
it to him, nor had he himself thought of asking
for it. When Sancho discovered he could not
find the book his face grew deadly pale, and in
great haste he again felt his body all over, and
seeing plainly it was not to be found, without
more ado he seized his beard with both hands
and plucked away half of it, and then, as quick
as he could and without stopping, gave himself
half a dozen cuffs on the face and nose till they
were bathed in blood.
Seeing this, the curate and the barber asked
him what had happened him that he gave him-
self such rough treatment.
"What should happen me?" replied Sancho,
"but to have lost from one hand to the other, in
a moment, three ass-colts, each of them like a
castle?"
"How is that?" said the barber.
 "I have lost the note-book," said Sancho,
"that contained the letter to Dulcinea, and an
order signed by my master in which he direc-
ted his niece to give me three ass-colts out of
four or five he had at home;" and he then told
them about the loss of Dapple.
The curate consoled him, telling him that
when his master was found he would get him
to renew the order, and make a fresh draft on
paper, as was usual and customary; for those
made in notebooks were never accepted or
honoured.
Sancho comforted himself with this, and
said if that were so the loss of Dulcinea's letter
did not trouble him much, for he had it almost
by heart, and it could be taken down from him
wherever and whenever they liked.
"Repeat it then, Sancho," said the barber,
"and we will write it down afterwards."
Sancho Panza stopped to scratch his head to
bring back the letter to his memory, and balan-
ced himself now on one foot, now the other,
one moment staring at the ground, the next at
the sky, and after having half gnawed off the
end of a finger and kept them in suspense wai-
ting for him to begin, he said, after a long pau-
se, "By God, senor licentiate, devil a thing can I
recollect of the letter; but it said at the begin-
ning, 'Exalted and scrubbing Lady.'"
"It cannot have said 'scrubbing,'" said the
barber, "but 'superhuman' or 'sovereign.'"
"That is it," said Sancho; "then, as well as I
remember, it went on, 'The wounded, and wan-
ting of sleep, and the pierced, kisses your
worship's hands, ungrateful and very unrecog-
nised fair one; and it said something or other
about health and sickness that he was sending
her; and from that it went tailing off until it
ended with 'Yours till death, the Knight of the
Rueful Countenance."
It gave them no little amusement, both of
them, to see what a good memory Sancho had,
and they complimented him greatly upon it,
and begged him to repeat the letter a couple of
times more, so that they too might get it by
heart to write it out by-and-by. Sancho repea-
ted it three times, and as he did, uttered three
thousand more absurdities; then he told them
more about his master but he never said a word
about the blanketing that had befallen himself
in that inn, into which he refused to enter. He
told them, moreover, how his lord, if he
brought him a favourable answer from the lady
Dulcinea del Toboso, was to put himself in the
way of endeavouring to become an emperor, or
at least a monarch; for it had been so settled
between them, and with his personal worth
and the might of his arm it was an easy matter
to come to be one: and how on becoming one
his lord was to make a marriage for him (for he
would be a widower by that time, as a matter
of course) and was to give him as a wife one of
the damsels of the empress, the heiress of some
rich and grand state on the mainland, having
nothing to do with islands of any sort, for he
did not care for them now. All this Sancho de-
livered with so much composure—wiping his
nose from time to time—and with so little
common-sense that his two hearers were again
filled with wonder at the force of Don Quixote's
madness that could run away with this poor
man's reason. They did not care to take the
trouble of disabusing him of his error, as they
considered that since it did not in any way hurt
his conscience it would be better to leave him in
it, and they would have all the more amuse-
ment in listening to his simplicities; and so they
bade him pray to God for his lord's health, as it
was a very likely and a very feasible thing for
him in course of time to come to be an emperor,
as he said, or at least an archbishop or some
other dignitary of equal rank.
To which Sancho made answer, "If fortune,
sirs, should bring things about in such a way
that my master should have a mind, instead of
being an emperor, to be an archbishop, I should
like to know what archbishops-errant common-
ly give their squires?"
 "They commonly give them," said the curate,
some simple benefice or cure, or some place as
sacristan which brings them a good fixed inco-
me, not counting the altar fees, which may be
reckoned at as much more."
"But for that," said Sancho, "the squire must
be unmarried, and must know, at any rate, how
to help at mass, and if that be so, woe is me, for
I am married already and I don't know the first
letter of the A B C. What will become of me if
my master takes a fancy to be an archbishop
and not an emperor, as is usual and customary
with knights-errant?"
"Be not uneasy, friend Sancho," said the bar-
ber, "for we will entreat your master, and advi-
se him, even urging it upon him as a case of
conscience, to become an emperor and not an
archbishop, because it will be easier for him as
he is more valiant than lettered."
"So I have thought," said Sancho; "though I
can tell you he is fit for anything: what I mean
to do for my part is to pray to our Lord to place
him where it may be best for him, and where
he may be able to bestow most favours upon
me."
"You speak like a man of sense," said the cu-
rate, "and you will be acting like a good Chris-
tian; but what must now be done is to take
steps to coax your master out of that useless
penance you say he is performing; and we had
best turn into this inn to consider what plan to
adopt, and also to dine, for it is now time."
Sancho said they might go in, but that he
would wait there outside, and that he would
tell them afterwards the reason why he was
unwilling, and why it did not suit him to enter
it; but he begged them to bring him out somet-
hing to eat, and to let it be hot, and also to bring
barley for Rocinante. They left him and went in,
and presently the barber brought him out so-
mething to eat. By-and-by, after they had bet-
ween them carefully thought over what they
should do to carry out their object, the curate
hit upon an idea very well adapted to humour
Don Quixote, and effect their purpose; and his
notion, which he explained to the barber, was
that he himself should assume the disguise of a
wandering damsel, while the other should try
as best he could to pass for a squire, and that
they should thus proceed to where Don Quixo-
te was, and he, pretending to be an aggrieved
and distressed damsel, should ask a favour of
him, which as a valiant knight-errant he could
not refuse to grant; and the favour he meant to
ask him was that he should accompany her
whither she would conduct him, in order to
redress a wrong which a wicked knight had
done her, while at the same time she should
entreat him not to require her to remove her
mask, nor ask her any question touching her
circumstances until he had righted her with the
wicked knight. And he had no doubt that Don
Quixote would comply with any request made
in these terms, and that in this way they might
remove him and take him to his own village,
where they would endeavour to find out if his
extraordinary madness admitted of any kind of
remedy.

CHAPTER XXVII.

OF HOW THE CURATE AND THE

BARBER PROCEEDED WITH THEIR
SCHEME; TOGETHER WITH OTHER
MATTERS WORTHY OF RECORD IN
THIS GREAT HISTORY

The curate's plan did not seem a bad one to

the barber, but on the contrary so good that
they immediately set about putting it in execu-
tion. They begged a petticoat and hood of the
landlady, leaving her in pledge a new cassock
of the curate's; and the barber made a beard out
of a grey-brown or red ox-tail in which the
landlord used to stick his comb. The landlady
asked them what they wanted these things for,
and the curate told her in a few words about
the madness of Don Quixote, and how this dis-
guise was intended to get him away from the
mountain where he then was. The landlord and
landlady immediately came to the conclusion
that the madman was their guest, the balsam
man and master of the blanketed squire, and
they told the curate all that had passed between
him and them, not omitting what Sancho had
been so silent about. Finally the landlady dres-
sed up the curate in a style that left nothing to
be desired; she put on him a cloth petticoat
with black velvet stripes a palm broad, all slas-
hed, and a bodice of green velvet set off by a
binding of white satin, which as well as the
petticoat must have been made in the time of
king Wamba. The curate would not let them
hood him, but put on his head a little quilted
linen cap which he used for a night-cap, and
bound his forehead with a strip of black silk,
while with another he made a mask with which
he concealed his beard and face very well. He
then put on his hat, which was broad enough to
serve him for an umbrella, and enveloping
himself in his cloak seated himself woman-
fashion on his mule, while the barber mounted
his with a beard down to the waist of mingled
red and white, for it was, as has been said, the
tail of a clay-red ox.
They took leave of all, and of the good Mari-
tornes, who, sinner as she was, promised to
pray a rosary of prayers that God might grant
them success in such an arduous and Christian
undertaking as that they had in hand. But hard-
ly had he sallied forth from the inn when it
struck the curate that he was doing wrong in
rigging himself out in that fashion, as it was an
indecorous thing for a priest to dress himself
that way even though much might depend
upon it; and saying so to the barber he begged
him to change dresses, as it was fitter he should
be the distressed damsel, while he himself
would play the squire's part, which would be
less derogatory to his dignity; otherwise he was
resolved to have nothing more to do with the
matter, and let the devil take Don Quixote. Just
at this moment Sancho came up, and on seeing
the pair in such a costume he was unable to
restrain his laughter; the barber, however,
agreed to do as the curate wished, and, altering
their plan, the curate went on to instruct him
how to play his part and what to say to Don
Quixote to induce and compel him to come
with them and give up his fancy for the place
he had chosen for his idle penance. The barber
told him he could manage it properly without
any instruction, and as he did not care to dress
himself up until they were near where Don
Quixote was, he folded up the garments, and
the curate adjusted his beard, and they set out
under the guidance of Sancho Panza, who went
along telling them of the encounter with the
madman they met in the Sierra, saying nothing,
however, about the finding of the valise and its
contents; for with all his simplicity the lad was
a trifle covetous.
The next day they reached the place where
Sancho had laid the broom-branches as marks
to direct him to where he had left his master,
and recognising it he told them that here was
the entrance, and that they would do well to
dress themselves, if that was required to deliver
his master; for they had already told him that
going in this guise and dressing in this way
were of the highest importance in order to res-
cue his master from the pernicious life he had
adopted; and they charged him strictly not to
tell his master who they were, or that he knew
them, and should he ask, as ask he would, if he
had given the letter to Dulcinea, to say that he
had, and that, as she did not know how to read,
she had given an answer by word of mouth,
saying that she commanded him, on pain of her
displeasure, to come and see her at once; and it
was a very important matter for himself, becau-
se in this way and with what they meant to say
to him they felt sure of bringing him back to a
better mode of life and inducing him to take
immediate steps to become an emperor or mo-
narch, for there was no fear of his becoming an
archbishop. All this Sancho listened to and
fixed it well in his memory, and thanked them
heartily for intending to recommend his master
to be an emperor instead of an archbishop, for
he felt sure that in the way of bestowing re-
wards on their squires emperors could do more
than archbishops-errant. He said, too, that it
would be as well for him to go on before them
to find him, and give him his lady's answer; for
that perhaps might be enough to bring him
away from the place without putting them to
all this trouble. They approved of what Sancho
proposed, and resolved to wait for him until he
brought back word of having found his master.
Sancho pushed on into the glens of the Sie-
rra, leaving them in one through which there
flowed a little gentle rivulet, and where the
rocks and trees afforded a cool and grateful
shade. It was an August day with all the heat of
one, and the heat in those parts is intense, and
the hour was three in the afternoon, all which
made the spot the more inviting and tempted
them to wait there for Sancho's return, which
they did. They were reposing, then, in the sha-
de, when a voice unaccompanied by the notes
of any instrument, but sweet and pleasing in its
tone, reached their ears, at which they were not
a little astonished, as the place did not seem to
them likely quarters for one who sang so well;
for though it is often said that shepherds of rare
voice are to be found in the woods and fields,
this is rather a flight of the poet's fancy than the
truth. And still more surprised were they when
they perceived that what they heard sung were
the verses not of rustic shepherds, but of the
polished wits of the city; and so it proved, for
the verses they heard were these:
 What makes my quest of happiness seem
vain?
Disdain.
What bids me to abandon hope of ease?
Jealousies.
What holds my heart in anguish of suspense?
Absence.
If that be so, then for my grief
Where shall I turn to seek relief,
When hope on every side lies slain
By Absence, Jealousies, Disdain?
What the prime cause of all my woe doth
prove?
Love.
What at my glory ever looks askance?
Chance.
Whence is permission to afflict me given?
Heaven.
If that be so, I but await
The stroke of a resistless fate,
Since, working for my woe, these three,
Love, Chance and Heaven, in league I see.
 What must I do to find a remedy?
Die.
What is the lure for love when coy and strange?
Change.
What, if all fail, will cure the heart of sadness?
Madness.
If that be so, it is but folly
To seek a cure for melancholy:
Ask where it lies; the answer saith
In Change, in Madness, or in Death.
The hour, the summer season, the solitary
place, the voice and skill of the singer, all con-
tributed to the wonder and delight of the two
listeners, who remained still waiting to hear
something more; finding, however, that the
silence continued some little time, they resol-
ved to go in search of the musician who sang
with so fine a voice; but just as they were about
to do so they were checked by the same voice,
which once more fell upon their ears, singing
this
 SONNET
When heavenward, holy Friendship, thou
didst go
Soaring to seek thy home beyond the sky,
And take thy seat among the saints on high,
It was thy will to leave on earth below
Thy semblance, and upon it to bestow
Thy veil, wherewith at times hypocrisy,
Parading in thy shape, deceives the eye,
And makes its vileness bright as virtue show.
Friendship, return to us, or force the cheat
That wears it now, thy livery to restore,
By aid whereof sincerity is slain.
If thou wilt not unmask thy counterfeit,
This earth will be the prey of strife once more,
As when primaeval discord held its reign.
The song ended with a deep sigh, and again
the listeners remained waiting attentively for
the singer to resume; but perceiving that the
music had now turned to sobs and heart-
rending moans they determined to find out
who the unhappy being could be whose voice
was as rare as his sighs were piteous, and they
had not proceeded far when on turning the
corner of a rock they discovered a man of the
same aspect and appearance as Sancho had
described to them when he told them the story
of Cardenio. He, showing no astonishment
when he saw them, stood still with his head
bent down upon his breast like one in deep
thought, without raising his eyes to look at
them after the first glance when they suddenly
came upon him. The curate, who was aware of
his misfortune and recognised him by the des-
cription, being a man of good address, approa-
ched him and in a few sensible words entreated
and urged him to quit a life of such misery, lest
he should end it there, which would be the
greatest of all misfortunes. Cardenio was then
in his right mind, free from any attack of that
madness which so frequently carried him
away, and seeing them dressed in a fashion so
unusual among the frequenters of those wilds,
could not help showing some surprise, especia-
lly when he heard them speak of his case as if it
were a well-known matter (for the curate's
words gave him to understand as much) so he
replied to them thus:
"I see plainly, sirs, whoever you may be, that
Heaven, whose care it is to succour the good,
and even the wicked very often, here, in this
remote spot, cut off from human intercourse,
sends me, though I deserve it not, those who
seek to draw me away from this to some better
retreat, showing me by many and forcible ar-
guments how unreasonably I act in leading the
life I do; but as they know, that if I escape from
this evil I shall fall into another still greater,
perhaps they will set me down as a weak-
minded man, or, what is worse, one devoid of
reason; nor would it be any wonder, for I my-
self can perceive that the effect of the recollec-
tion of my misfortunes is so great and works so
powerfully to my ruin, that in spite of myself I
become at times like a stone, without feeling or
consciousness; and I come to feel the truth of it
when they tell me and show me proofs of the
things I have done when the terrible fit over-
masters me; and all I can do is bewail my lot in
vain, and idly curse my destiny, and plead for
my madness by telling how it was caused, to
any that care to hear it; for no reasonable beings
on learning the cause will wonder at the effects;
and if they cannot help me at least they will not
blame me, and the repugnance they feel at my
wild ways will turn into pity for my woes. If it
be, sirs, that you are here with the same design
as others have come wah, before you proceed
with your wise arguments, I entreat you to hear
the story of my countless misfortunes, for per-
haps when you have heard it you will spare
yourselves the trouble you would take in offe-
ring consolation to grief that is beyond the re-
ach of it."
As they, both of them, desired nothing more
than to hear from his own lips the cause of his
suffering, they entreated him to tell it, promi-
sing not to do anything for his relief or comfort
that he did not wish; and thereupon the un-
happy gentleman began his sad story in nearly
the same words and manner in which he had
related it to Don Quixote and the goatherd a
few days before, when, through Master Elisa-
bad, and Don Quixote's scrupulous observance
of what was due to chivalry, the tale was left
unfinished, as this history has already recor-
ded; but now fortunately the mad fit kept off,
allowed him to tell it to the end; and so, coming
to the incident of the note which Don Fernando
had found in the volume of "Amadis of Gaul,"
Cardenio said that he remembered it perfectly
and that it was in these words:
"Luscinda to Cardenio.
"Every day I discover merits in you that
oblige and compel me to hold you in higher
estimation; so if you desire to relieve me of this
obligation without cost to my honour, you may
easily do so. I have a father who knows you
and loves me dearly, who without putting any
constraint on my inclination will grant what
will be reasonable for you to have, if it be that
you value me as you say and as I believe you
do."
"By this letter I was induced, as I told you, to
demand Luscinda for my wife, and it was
through it that Luscinda came to be regarded
by Don Fernando as one of the most discreet
and prudent women of the day, and this letter
it was that suggested his design of ruining me
before mine could be carried into effect. I told
Don Fernando that all Luscinda's father was
waiting for was that mine should ask her of
him, which I did not dare to suggest to him,
fearing that he would not consent to do so; not
because he did not know perfectly well the
rank, goodness, virtue, and beauty of Luscinda,
and that she had qualities that would do
honour to any family in Spain, but because I
was aware that he did not wish me to marry so
soon, before seeing what the Duke Ricardo
would do for me. In short, I told him I did not
venture to mention it to my father, as well on
account of that difficulty, as of many others
that discouraged me though I knew not well
what they were, only that it seemed to me that
what I desired was never to come to pass. To all
this Don Fernando answered that he would
take it upon himself to speak to my father, and
persuade him to speak to Luscinda's father. O,
ambitious Marius! O, cruel Catiline! O, wicked
Sylla! O, perfidious Ganelon! O, treacherous
Vellido! O, vindictive Julian! O, covetous Judas!
Traitor, cruel, vindictive, and perfidious, whe-
rein had this poor wretch failed in his fidelity,
who with such frankness showed thee the se-
crets and the joys of his heart? What offence did
I commit? What words did I utter, or what
counsels did I give that had not the furtherance
of thy honour and welfare for their aim? But,
woe is me, wherefore do I complain? for sure it
is that when misfortunes spring from the stars,
descending from on high they fall upon us with
such fury and violence that no power on earth
can check their course nor human device stay
their coming. Who could have thought that
Don Fernando, a highborn gentleman, intelli-
gent, bound to me by gratitude for my services,
one that could win the object of his love where-
ver he might set his affections, could have be-
come so obdurate, as they say, as to rob me of
my one ewe lamb that was not even yet in my
possession? But laying aside these useless and
unavailing reflections, let us take up the broken
thread of my unhappy story.
"To proceed, then: Don Fernando finding my
presence an obstacle to the execution of his
treacherous and wicked design, resolved to
send me to his elder brother under the pretext
of asking money from him to pay for six horses
which, purposely, and with the sole object of
sending me away that he might the better carry
out his infernal scheme, he had purchased the
very day he offered to speak to my father, and
the price of which he now desired me to fetch.
Could I have anticipated this treachery? Could
I by any chance have suspected it? Nay; so far
from that, I offered with the greatest pleasure
to go at once, in my satisfaction at the good
bargain that had been made. That night I spoke
with Luscinda, and told her what had been
agreed upon with Don Fernando, and how I
had strong hopes of our fair and reasonable
wishes being realised. She, as unsuspicious as I
was of the treachery of Don Fernando, bade me
try to return speedily, as she believed the ful-
filment of our desires would be delayed only so
long as my father put off speaking to hers. I
know not why it was that on saying this to me
her eyes filled with tears, and there came a
lump in her throat that prevented her from ut-
tering a word of many more that it seemed to
me she was striving to say to me. I was astonis-
hed at this unusual turn, which I never before
observed in her. for we always conversed,
whenever good fortune and my ingenuity gave
us the chance, with the greatest gaiety and che-
erfulness, mingling tears, sighs, jealousies,
doubts, or fears with our words; it was all on
my part a eulogy of my good fortune that Hea-
ven should have given her to me for my mis-
tress; I glorified her beauty, I extolled her worth
and her understanding; and she paid me back
by praising in me what in her love for me she
thought worthy of praise; and besides we had a
hundred thousand trifles and doings of our
neighbours and acquaintances to talk about,
and the utmost extent of my boldness was to
take, almost by force, one of her fair white
hands and carry it to my lips, as well as the
closeness of the low grating that separated us
allowed me. But the night before the unhappy
day of my departure she wept, she moaned, she
sighed, and she withdrew leaving me filled
with perplexity and amazement, overwhelmed
at the sight of such strange and affecting signs
of grief and sorrow in Luscinda; but not to dash
my hopes I ascribed it all to the depth of her
love for me and the pain that separation gives
those who love tenderly. At last I took my de-
parture, sad and dejected, my heart filled with
fancies and suspicions, but not knowing well
what it was I suspected or fancied; plain omens
pointing to the sad event and misfortune that
was awaiting me.
"I reached the place whither I had been sent,
gave the letter to Don Fernando's brother, and
was kindly received but not promptly dismis-
sed, for he desired me to wait, very much
against my will, eight days in some place whe-
re the duke his father was not likely to see me,
as his brother wrote that the money was to be
sent without his knowledge; all of which was a
scheme of the treacherous Don Fernando, for
his brother had no want of money to enable
him to despatch me at once.
"The command was one that exposed me to
the temptation of disobeying it, as it seemed to
me impossible to endure life for so many days
separated from Luscinda, especially after lea-
ving her in the sorrowful mood I have descri-
bed to you; nevertheless as a dutiful servant I
obeyed, though I felt it would be at the cost of
my well-being. But four days later there came a
man in quest of me with a letter which he gave
me, and which by the address I perceived to be
from Luscinda, as the writing was hers. I ope-
ned it with fear and trepidation, persuaded that
it must be something serious that had impelled
her to write to me when at a distance, as she
seldom did so when I was near. Before reading
it I asked the man who it was that had given it
to him, and how long he had been upon the
road; he told me that as he happened to be pas-
sing through one of the streets of the city at the
hour of noon, a very beautiful lady called to
him from a window, and with tears in her eyes
said to him hurriedly, 'Brother, if you are, as
you seem to be, a Christian, for the love of God
I entreat you to have this letter despatched wit-
hout a moment's delay to the place and person
named in the address, all which is well known,
and by this you will render a great service to
our Lord; and that you may be at no inconve-
nience in doing so take what is in this handker-
chief;' and said he, 'with this she threw me a
handkerchief out of the window in which were
tied up a hundred reals and this gold ring
which I bring here together with the letter I
have given you. And then without waiting for
any answer she left the window, though not
before she saw me take the letter and the hand-
kerchief, and I had by signs let her know that I
would do as she bade me; and so, seeing myself
so well paid for the trouble I would have in
bringing it to you, and knowing by the address
that it was to you it was sent (for, senor, I know
you very well), and also unable to resist that
beautiful lady's tears, I resolved to trust no one
else, but to come myself and give it to you, and
in sixteen hours from the time when it was gi-
ven me I have made the journey, which, as you
know, is eighteen leagues.'
"All the while the good-natured improvised
courier was telling me this, I hung upon his
words, my legs trembling under me so that I
could scarcely stand. However, I opened the
letter and read these words:
"'The promise Don Fernando gave you to
urge your father to speak to mine, he has fulfi-
lled much more to his own satisfaction than to
your advantage. I have to tell you, senor, that
he has demanded me for a wife, and my father,
led away by what he considers Don Fernando's
superiority over you, has favoured his suit so
cordially, that in two days hence the betrothal
is to take place with such secrecy and so priva-
tely that the only witnesses are to be the Hea-
vens above and a few of the household. Picture
to yourself the state I am in; judge if it be ur-
gent for you to come; the issue of the affair will
show you whether I love you or not. God grant
this may come to your hand before mine shall
be forced to link itself with his who keeps so ill
the faith that he has pledged.'
"Such, in brief, were the words of the letter,
words that made me set out at once without
waiting any longer for reply or money; for I
now saw clearly that it was not the purchase of
horses but of his own pleasure that had made
Don Fernando send me to his brother. The
exasperation I felt against Don Fernando, joi-
ned with the fear of losing the prize I had won
by so many years of love and devotion, lent me
wings; so that almost flying I reached home the
same day, by the hour which served for spea-
king with Luscinda. I arrived unobserved, and
left the mule on which I had come at the house
of the worthy man who had brought me the
letter, and fortune was pleased to be for once so
kind that I found Luscinda at the grating that
was the witness of our loves. She recognised
me at once, and I her, but not as she ought to
have recognised me, or I her. But who is there
in the world that can boast of having fathomed
or understood the wavering mind and unstable
nature of a woman? Of a truth no one. To pro-
ceed: as soon as Luscinda saw me she said,
'Cardenio, I am in my bridal dress, and the
treacherous Don Fernando and my covetous
father are waiting for me in the hall with the
other witnesses, who shall be the witnesses of
my death before they witness my betrothal. Be
not distressed, my friend, but contrive to be
present at this sacrifice, and if that cannot be
prevented by my words, I have a dagger con-
cealed which will prevent more deliberate vio-
lence, putting an end to my life and giving thee
a first proof of the love I have borne and bear
thee.' I replied to her distractedly and hastily, in
fear lest I should not have time to reply, 'May
thy words be verified by thy deeds, lady; and if
thou hast a dagger to save thy honour, I have a
sword to defend thee or kill myself if fortune be
against us.'
"I think she could not have heard all these
words, for I perceived that they called her away
in haste, as the bridegroom was waiting. Now
the night of my sorrow set in, the sun of my
happiness went down, I felt my eyes bereft of
sight, my mind of reason. I could not enter the
house, nor was I capable of any movement; but
reflecting how important it was that I should be
present at what might take place on the occa-
sion, I nerved myself as best I could and went
in, for I well knew all the entrances and outlets;
and besides, with the confusion that in secret
pervaded the house no one took notice of me,
so, without being seen, I found an opportunity
of placing myself in the recess formed by a
window of the hall itself, and concealed by the
ends and borders of two tapestries, from bet-
ween which I could, without being seen, see all
that took place in the room. Who could descri-
be the agitation of heart I suffered as I stood
there—the thoughts that came to me—the re-
flections that passed through my mind? They
were such as cannot be, nor were it well they
should be, told. Suffice it to say that the bride-
groom entered the hall in his usual dress, wit-
hout ornament of any kind; as groomsman he
had with him a cousin of Luscinda's and except
the servants of the house there was no one else
in the chamber. Soon afterwards Luscinda ca-
me out from an antechamber, attended by her
mother and two of her damsels, arrayed and
adorned as became her rank and beauty, and in
full festival and ceremonial attire. My anxiety
and distraction did not allow me to observe or
notice particularly what she wore; I could only
perceive the colours, which were crimson and
white, and the glitter of the gems and jewels on
her head dress and apparel, surpassed by the
rare beauty of her lovely auburn hair that vying
with the precious stones and the light of the
four torches that stood in the hall shone with a
brighter gleam than all. Oh memory, mortal foe
of my peace! why bring before me now the in-
comparable beauty of that adored enemy of
mine? Were it not better, cruel memory, to re-
mind me and recall what she then did, that
stirred by a wrong so glaring I may seek, if not
vengeance now, at least to rid myself of life? Be
not weary, sirs, of listening to these digressions;
my sorrow is not one of those that can or
should be told tersely and briefly, for to me
each incident seems to call for many words."
To this the curate replied that not only were
they not weary of listening to him, but that the
details he mentioned interested them greatly,
being of a kind by no means to be omitted and
deserving of the same attention as the main
story.
"To proceed, then," continued Cardenio: "all
being assembled in the hall, the priest of the
parish came in and as he took the pair by the
hand to perform the requisite ceremony, at the
words, 'Will you, Senora Luscinda, take Senor
Don Fernando, here present, for your lawful
husband, as the holy Mother Church ordains?' I
thrust my head and neck out from between the
tapestries, and with eager ears and throbbing
heart set myself to listen to Luscinda's answer,
awaiting in her reply the sentence of death or
the grant of life. Oh, that I had but dared at that
moment to rush forward crying aloud, 'Luscin-
da, Luscinda! have a care what thou dost; re-
member what thou owest me; bethink thee
thou art mine and canst not be another's; reflect
that thy utterance of "Yes" and the end of my
life will come at the same instant. O, treache-
rous Don Fernando! robber of my glory, death
of my life! What seekest thou? Remember that
thou canst not as a Christian attain the object of
thy wishes, for Luscinda is my bride, and I am
her husband!' Fool that I am! now that I am far
away, and out of danger, I say I should have
done what I did not do: now that I have allo-
wed my precious treasure to be robbed from
me, I curse the robber, on whom I might have
taken vengeance had I as much heart for it as I
have for bewailing my fate; in short, as I was
then a coward and a fool, little wonder is it if I
am now dying shame-stricken, remorseful, and
mad.
"The priest stood waiting for the answer of
Luscinda, who for a long time withheld it; and
just as I thought she was taking out the dagger
to save her honour, or struggling for words to
make some declaration of the truth on my be-
half, I heard her say in a faint and feeble voice,
'I will:' Don Fernando said the same, and giving
her the ring they stood linked by a knot that
could never be loosed. The bridegroom then
approached to embrace his bride; and she,
pressing her hand upon her heart, fell fainting
in her mother's arms. It only remains now for
me to tell you the state I was in when in that
consent that I heard I saw all my hopes moc-
ked, the words and promises of Luscinda pro-
ved falsehoods, and the recovery of the prize I
had that instant lost rendered impossible for
ever. I stood stupefied, wholly abandoned, it
seemed, by Heaven, declared the enemy of the
earth that bore me, the air refusing me breath
for my sighs, the water moisture for my tears; it
was only the fire that gathered strength so that
my whole frame glowed with rage and jealou-
sy. They were all thrown into confusion by
Luscinda's fainting, and as her mother was un-
lacing her to give her air a sealed paper was
discovered in her bosom which Don Fernando
seized at once and began to read by the light of
one of the torches. As soon as he had read it he
seated himself in a chair, leaning his cheek on
his hand in the attitude of one deep in thought,
without taking any part in the efforts that were
being made to recover his bride from her fain-
ting fit.
"Seeing all the household in confusion, I
ventured to come out regardless whether I we-
re seen or not, and determined, if I were, to do
some frenzied deed that would prove to all the
world the righteous indignation of my breast in
the punishment of the treacherous Don Fer-
nando, and even in that of the fickle fainting
traitress. But my fate, doubtless reserving me
for greater sorrows, if such there be, so ordered
it that just then I had enough and to spare of
that reason which has since been wanting to
me; and so, without seeking to take vengeance
on my greatest enemies (which might have be-
en easily taken, as all thought of me was so far
from their minds), I resolved to take it upon
myself, and on myself to inflict the pain they
deserved, perhaps with even greater severity
than I should have dealt out to them had I then
slain them; for sudden pain is soon over, but
that which is protracted by tortures is ever sla-
ying without ending life. In a word, I quitted
the house and reached that of the man with
whom I had left my mule; I made him saddle it
for me, mounted without bidding him farewell,
and rode out of the city, like another Lot, not
daring to turn my head to look back upon it;
and when I found myself alone in the open
country, screened by the darkness of the night,
and tempted by the stillness to give vent to my
grief without apprehension or fear of being
heard or seen, then I broke silence and lifted up
my voice in maledictions upon Luscinda and
Don Fernando, as if I could thus avenge the
wrong they had done me. I called her cruel,
ungrateful, false, thankless, but above all cove-
tous, since the wealth of my enemy had blinded
the eyes of her affection, and turned it from me
to transfer it to one to whom fortune had been
more generous and liberal. And yet, in the
midst of this outburst of execration and up-
braiding, I found excuses for her, saying it was
no wonder that a young girl in the seclusion of
her parents' house, trained and schooled to
obey them always, should have been ready to
yield to their wishes when they offered her for
a husband a gentleman of such distinction, we-
alth, and noble birth, that if she had refused to
accept him she would have been thought out of
her senses, or to have set her affection elsew-
here, a suspicion injurious to her fair name and
fame. But then again, I said, had she declared I
was her husband, they would have seen that in
choosing me she had not chosen so ill but that
they might excuse her, for before Don Fernan-
do had made his offer, they themselves could
not have desired, if their desires had been ruled
by reason, a more eligible husband for their
daughter than I was; and she, before taking the
last fatal step of giving her hand, might easily
have said that I had already given her mine, for
I should have come forward to support any
assertion of hers to that effect. In short, I came
to the conclusion that feeble love, little reflec-
tion, great ambition, and a craving for rank,
had made her forget the words with which she
had deceived me, encouraged and supported
by my firm hopes and honourable passion.
"Thus soliloquising and agitated, I journeyed
onward for the remainder of the night, and by
daybreak I reached one of the passes of these
mountains, among which I wandered for three
days more without taking any path or road,
until I came to some meadows lying on I know
not which side of the mountains, and there I
inquired of some herdsmen in what direction
the most rugged part of the range lay. They
told me that it was in this quarter, and I at once
directed my course hither, intending to end my
life here; but as I was making my way among
these crags, my mule dropped dead through
fatigue and hunger, or, as I think more likely, in
order to have done with such a worthless bur-
den as it bore in me. I was left on foot, worn
out, famishing, without anyone to help me or
any thought of seeking help: and so thus I lay
stretched on the ground, how long I know not,
after which I rose up free from hunger, and
found beside me some goatherds, who no
doubt were the persons who had relieved me in
my need, for they told me how they had found
me, and how I had been uttering ravings that
showed plainly I had lost my reason; and since
then I am conscious that I am not always in full
possession of it, but at times so deranged and
crazed that I do a thousand mad things, tearing
my clothes, crying aloud in these solitudes,
cursing my fate, and idly calling on the dear
name of her who is my enemy, and only see-
king to end my life in lamentation; and when I
recover my senses I find myself so exhausted
and weary that I can scarcely move. Most
commonly my dwelling is the hollow of a cork
tree large enough to shelter this miserable bo-
dy; the herdsmen and goatherds who frequent
these mountains, moved by compassion, fur-
nish me with food, leaving it by the wayside or
on the rocks, where they think I may perhaps
pass and find it; and so, even though I may be
then out of my senses, the wants of nature te-
ach me what is required to sustain me, and ma-
ke me crave it and eager to take it. At other
times, so they tell me when they find me in a
rational mood, I sally out upon the road, and
though they would gladly give it me, I snatch
food by force from the shepherds bringing it
from the village to their huts. Thus do pass the
wretched life that remains to me, until it be
Heaven's will to bring it to a close, or so to or-
der my memory that I no longer recollect the
beauty and treachery of Luscinda, or the wrong
done me by Don Fernando; for if it will do this
without depriving me of life, I will turn my
thoughts into some better channel; if not, I can
only implore it to have full mercy on my soul,
for in myself I feel no power or strength to re-
lease my body from this strait in which I have
of my own accord chosen to place it.
"Such, sirs, is the dismal story of my misfor-
tune: say if it be one that can be told with less
emotion than you have seen in me; and do not
trouble yourselves with urging or pressing
upon me what reason suggests as likely to ser-
ve for my relief, for it will avail me as much as
the medicine prescribed by a wise physician
avails the sick man who will not take it. I have
no wish for health without Luscinda; and since
it is her pleasure to be another's, when she is or
should be mine, let it be mine to be a prey to
misery when I might have enjoyed happiness.
She by her fickleness strove to make my ruin
irretrievable; I will strive to gratify her wishes
by seeking destruction; and it will show gene-
rations to come that I alone was deprived of
that of which all others in misfortune have a
superabundance, for to them the impossibility
of being consoled is itself a consolation, while
to me it is the cause of greater sorrows and suf-
ferings, for I think that even in death there will
not be an end of them."
Here Cardenio brought to a close his long
discourse and story, as full of misfortune as it
was of love; but just as the curate was going to
address some words of comfort to him, he was
stopped by a voice that reached his ear, saying
in melancholy tones what will be told in the
Fourth Part of this narrative; for at this point
the sage and sagacious historian, Cide Hamete
Benengeli, brought the Third to a conclusion.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

WHICH TREATS OF THE STRANGE

AND DELIGHTFUL ADVENTURE
THAT BEFELL THE CURATE AND
THE BARBER IN THE SAME SIERRA

Happy and fortunate were the times when

that most daring knight Don Quixote of La
Mancha was sent into the world; for by reason
of his having formed a resolution so honoura-
ble as that of seeking to revive and restore to
the world the long-lost and almost defunct or-
der of knight-errantry, we now enjoy in this age
of ours, so poor in light entertainment, not only
the charm of his veracious history, but also of
the tales and episodes contained in it which are,
in a measure, no less pleasing, ingenious, and
truthful, than the history itself; which, resu-
ming its thread, carded, spun, and wound, rela-
tes that just as the curate was going to offer
consolation to Cardenio, he was interrupted by
a voice that fell upon his ear saying in plaintive
tones:
 "O God! is it possible I have found a place
that may serve as a secret grave for the weary
load of this body that I support so unwillingly?
If the solitude these mountains promise decei-
ves me not, it is so; ah! woe is me! how much
more grateful to my mind will be the society of
these rocks and brakes that permit me to com-
plain of my misfortune to Heaven, than that of
any human being, for there is none on earth to
look to for counsel in doubt, comfort in sorrow,
or relief in distress!"
All this was heard distinctly by the curate
and those with him, and as it seemed to them
to be uttered close by, as indeed it was, they got
up to look for the speaker, and before they had
gone twenty paces they discovered behind a
rock, seated at the foot of an ash tree, a youth in
the dress of a peasant, whose face they were
unable at the moment to see as he was leaning
forward, bathing his feet in the brook that flo-
wed past. They approached so silently that he
did not perceive them, being fully occupied in
bathing his feet, which were so fair that they
looked like two pieces of shining crystal
brought forth among the other stones of the
brook. The whiteness and beauty of these feet
struck them with surprise, for they did not se-
em to have been made to crush clods or to fo-
llow the plough and the oxen as their owner's
dress suggested; and so, finding they had not
been noticed, the curate, who was in front, ma-
de a sign to the other two to conceal themselves
behind some fragments of rock that lay there;
which they did, observing closely what the
youth was about. He had on a loose double-
skirted dark brown jacket bound tight to his
body with a white cloth; he wore besides bree-
ches and gaiters of brown cloth, and on his
head a brown montera; and he had the gaiters
turned up as far as the middle of the leg, which
verily seemed to be of pure alabaster.
As soon as he had done bathing his beautiful
feet, he wiped them with a towel he took from
under the montera, on taking off which he rai-
sed his face, and those who were watching him
had an opportunity of seeing a beauty so ex-
quisite that Cardenio said to the curate in a
whisper:
"As this is not Luscinda, it is no human crea-
ture but a divine being."
The youth then took off the montera, and
shaking his head from side to side there broke
loose and spread out a mass of hair that the
beams of the sun might have envied; by this
they knew that what had seemed a peasant was
a lovely woman, nay the most beautiful the
eyes of two of them had ever beheld, or even
Cardenio's if they had not seen and known
Luscinda, for he afterwards declared that only
the beauty of Luscinda could compare with
this. The long auburn tresses not only covered
her shoulders, but such was their length and
abundance, concealed her all round beneath
their masses, so that except the feet nothing of
her form was visible. She now used her hands
as a comb, and if her feet had seemed like bits
of crystal in the water, her hands looked like
pieces of driven snow among her locks; all
which increased not only the admiration of the
three beholders, but their anxiety to learn who
she was. With this object they resolved to show
themselves, and at the stir they made in getting
upon their feet the fair damsel raised her head,
and parting her hair from before her eyes with
both hands, she looked to see who had made
the noise, and the instant she perceived them
she started to her feet, and without waiting to
put on her shoes or gather up her hair, hastily
snatched up a bundle as though of clothes that
she had beside her, and, scared and alarmed,
endeavoured to take flight; but before she had
gone six paces she fell to the ground, her delica-
te feet being unable to bear the roughness of the
stones; seeing which, the three hastened to-
wards her, and the curate addressing her first
said:
"Stay, senora, whoever you may be, for those
whom you see here only desire to be of service
to you; you have no need to attempt a flight so
heedless, for neither can your feet bear it, nor
we allow it."
Taken by surprise and bewildered, she made
no reply to these words. They, however, came
towards her, and the curate taking her hand
went on to say:
"What your dress would hide, senora, is
made known to us by your hair; a clear proof
that it can be no trifling cause that has disgui-
sed your beauty in a garb so unworthy of it,
and sent it into solitudes like these where we
have had the good fortune to find you, if not to
relieve your distress, at least to offer you com-
fort; for no distress, so long as life lasts, can be
so oppressive or reach such a height as to make
the sufferer refuse to listen to comfort offered
with good intention. And so, senora, or senor,
or whatever you prefer to be, dismiss the fears
that our appearance has caused you and make
us acquainted with your good or evil fortunes,
for from all of us together, or from each one of
us, you will receive sympathy in your trouble."
While the curate was speaking, the disgui-
sed damsel stood as if spell-bound, looking at
them without opening her lips or uttering a
word, just like a village rustic to whom somet-
hing strange that he has never seen before has
been suddenly shown; but on the curate ad-
dressing some further words to the same effect
to her, sighing deeply she broke silence and
said:
"Since the solitude of these mountains has
been unable to conceal me, and the escape of
my dishevelled tresses will not allow my ton-
gue to deal in falsehoods, it would be idle for
me now to make any further pretence of what,
if you were to believe me, you would believe
more out of courtesy than for any other reason.
This being so, I say I thank you, sirs, for the
offer you have made me, which places me un-
der the obligation of complying with the re-
quest you have made of me; though I fear the
account I shall give you of my misfortunes will
excite in you as much concern as compassion,
for you will be unable to suggest anything to
remedy them or any consolation to alleviate
them. However, that my honour may not be left
a matter of doubt in your minds, now that you
have discovered me to be a woman, and see
that I am young, alone, and in this dress, things
that taken together or separately would be
enough to destroy any good name, I feel bound
to tell what I would willingly keep secret if I
could."
All this she who was now seen to be a lovely
woman delivered without any hesitation, with
so much ease and in so sweet a voice that they
were not less charmed by her intelligence than
by her beauty, and as they again repeated their
offers and entreaties to her to fulfil her promise,
she without further pressing, first modestly
covering her feet and gathering up her hair,
seated herself on a stone with the three placed
around her, and, after an effort to restrain some
tears that came to her eyes, in a clear and stea-
dy voice began her story thus:
"In this Andalusia there is a town from
which a duke takes a title which makes him one
of those that are called Grandees of Spain. This
nobleman has two sons, the elder heir to his
dignity and apparently to his good qualities;
the younger heir to I know not what, unless it
be the treachery of Vellido and the falsehood of
Ganelon. My parents are this lord's vassals,
lowly in origin, but so wealthy that if birth had
conferred as much on them as fortune, they
would have had nothing left to desire, nor
should I have had reason to fear trouble like
that in which I find myself now; for it may be
that my ill fortune came of theirs in not having
been nobly born. It is true they are not so low
that they have any reason to be ashamed of
their condition, but neither are they so high as
to remove from my mind the impression that
my mishap comes of their humble birth. They
are, in short, peasants, plain homely people,
without any taint of disreputable blood, and, as
the saying is, old rusty Christians, but so rich
that by their wealth and free-handed way of life
they are coming by degrees to be considered
gentlefolk by birth, and even by position;
though the wealth and nobility they thought
most of was having me for their daughter; and
as they have no other child to make their heir,
and are affectionate parents, I was one of the
most indulged daughters that ever parents in-
dulged.
"I was the mirror in which they beheld
themselves, the staff of their old age, and the
object in which, with submission to Heaven, all
their wishes centred, and mine were in accor-
dance with theirs, for I knew their worth; and
as I was mistress of their hearts, so was I also of
their possessions. Through me they engaged or
dismissed their servants; through my hands
passed the accounts and returns of what was
sown and reaped; the oil-mills, the wine-
presses, the count of the flocks and herds, the
beehives, all in short that a rich farmer like my
father has or can have, I had under my care,
and I acted as steward and mistress with an
assiduity on my part and satisfaction on theirs
that I cannot well describe to you. The leisure
hours left to me after I had given the requisite
orders to the head-shepherds, overseers, and
other labourers, I passed in such employments
as are not only allowable but necessary for
young girls, those that the needle, embroidery
cushion, and spinning wheel usually afford,
and if to refresh my mind I quitted them for a
while, I found recreation in reading some devo-
tional book or playing the harp, for experience
taught me that music soothes the troubled
mind and relieves weariness of spirit. Such was
the life I led in my parents' house and if I have
depicted it thus minutely, it is not out of osten-
tation, or to let you know that I am rich, but
that you may see how, without any fault of
mine, I have fallen from the happy condition I
have described, to the misery I am in at present.
The truth is, that while I was leading this busy
life, in a retirement that might compare with
that of a monastery, and unseen as I thought by
any except the servants of the house (for when I
went to Mass it was so early in the morning,
and I was so closely attended by my mother
and the women of the household, and so thic-
kly veiled and so shy, that my eyes scarcely
saw more ground than I trod on), in spite of all
this, the eyes of love, or idleness, more properly
speaking, that the lynx's cannot rival, discove-
red me, with the help of the assiduity of Don
Fernando; for that is the name of the younger
son of the duke I told of."
The moment the speaker mentioned the na-
me of Don Fernando, Cardenio changed colour
and broke into a sweat, with such signs of emo-
tion that the curate and the barber, who obser-
ved it, feared that one of the mad fits which
they heard attacked him sometimes was co-
ming upon him; but Cardenio showed no furt-
her agitation and remained quiet, regarding the
peasant girl with fixed attention, for he began
to suspect who she was. She, however, without
noticing the excitement of Cardenio, continuing
her story, went on to say:
"And they had hardly discovered me, when,
as he owned afterwards, he was smitten with a
violent love for me, as the manner in which it
displayed itself plainly showed. But to shorten
the long recital of my woes, I will pass over in
silence all the artifices employed by Don Fer-
nando for declaring his passion for me. He bri-
bed all the household, he gave and offered gifts
and presents to my parents; every day was like
a holiday or a merry-making in our street; by
night no one could sleep for the music; the love
letters that used to come to my hand, no one
knew how, were innumerable, full of tender
pleadings and pledges, containing more promi-
ses and oaths than there were letters in them;
all which not only did not soften me, but har-
dened my heart against him, as if he had been
my mortal enemy, and as if everything he did
to make me yield were done with the opposite
intention. Not that the high-bred bearing of
Don Fernando was disagreeable to me, or that I
found his importunities wearisome; for it gave
me a certain sort of satisfaction to find myself
so sought and prized by a gentleman of such
distinction, and I was not displeased at seeing
my praises in his letters (for however ugly we
women may be, it seems to me it always plea-
ses us to hear ourselves called beautiful) but
that my own sense of right was opposed to all
this, as well as the repeated advice of my pa-
rents, who now very plainly perceived Don
Fernando's purpose, for he cared very little if
all the world knew it. They told me they trus-
ted and confided their honour and good name
to my virtue and rectitude alone, and bade me
consider the disparity between Don Fernando
and myself, from which I might conclude that
his intentions, whatever he might say to the
contrary, had for their aim his own pleasure
rather than my advantage; and if I were at all
desirous of opposing an obstacle to his unrea-
sonable suit, they were ready, they said, to ma-
rry me at once to anyone I preferred, either
among the leading people of our own town, or
of any of those in the neighbourhood; for with
their wealth and my good name, a match might
be looked for in any quarter. This offer, and
their sound advice strengthened my resolution,
and I never gave Don Fernando a word in reply
that could hold out to him any hope of success,
however remote.
"All this caution of mine, which he must
have taken for coyness, had apparently the ef-
fect of increasing his wanton appetite—for that
is the name I give to his passion for me; had it
been what he declared it to be, you would not
know of it now, because there would have been
no occasion to tell you of it. At length he lear-
ned that my parents were contemplating ma-
rriage for me in order to put an end to his
hopes of obtaining possession of me, or at least
to secure additional protectors to watch over
me, and this intelligence or suspicion made him
act as you shall hear. One night, as I was in my
chamber with no other companion than a dam-
sel who waited on me, with the doors carefully
locked lest my honour should be imperilled
through any carelessness, I know not nor can
conceive how it happened, but, with all this
seclusion and these precautions, and in the soli-
tude and silence of my retirement, I found him
standing before me, a vision that so astounded
me that it deprived my eyes of sight, and my
tongue of speech. I had no power to utter a cry,
nor, I think, did he give me time to utter one, as
he immediately approached me, and taking me
in his arms (for, overwhelmed as I was, I was
powerless, I say, to help myself), he began to
make such professions to me that I know not
how falsehood could have had the power of
dressing them up to seem so like truth; and the
traitor contrived that his tears should vouch for
his words, and his sighs for his sincerity.
 "I, a poor young creature alone, ill versed
among my people in cases such as this, began, I
know not how, to think all these lying protesta-
tions true, though without being moved by his
sighs and tears to anything more than pure
compassion; and so, as the first feeling of be-
wilderment passed away, and I began in some
degree to recover myself, I said to him with
more courage than I thought I could have pos-
sessed, 'If, as I am now in your arms, senor, I
were in the claws of a fierce lion, and my deli-
verance could be procured by doing or saying
anything to the prejudice of my honour, it
would no more be in my power to do it or say
it, than it would be possible that what was
should not have been; so then, if you hold my
body clasped in your arms, I hold my soul se-
cured by virtuous intentions, very different
from yours, as you will see if you attempt to
carry them into effect by force. I am your vas-
sal, but I am not your slave; your nobility neit-
her has nor should have any right to dishonour
or degrade my humble birth; and low-born
peasant as I am, I have my self-respect as much
as you, a lord and gentleman: with me your
violence will be to no purpose, your wealth will
have no weight, your words will have no po-
wer to deceive me, nor your sighs or tears to
soften me: were I to see any of the things I spe-
ak of in him whom my parents gave me as a
husband, his will should be mine, and mine
should be bounded by his; and my honour
being preserved even though my inclinations
were not would willingly yield him what you,
senor, would now obtain by force; and this I
say lest you should suppose that any but my
lawful husband shall ever win anything of me.'
'If that,' said this disloyal gentleman, 'be the
only scruple you feel, fairest Dorothea' (for that
is the name of this unhappy being), 'see here I
give you my hand to be yours, and let Heaven,
from which nothing is hid, and this image of
Our Lady you have here, be witnesses of this
pledge.'"
 When Cardenio heard her say she was called
Dorothea, he showed fresh agitation and felt
convinced of the truth of his former suspicion,
but he was unwilling to interrupt the story, and
wished to hear the end of what he already all
but knew, so he merely said:
"What! is Dorothea your name, senora? I
have heard of another of the same name who
can perhaps match your misfortunes. But pro-
ceed; by-and-by I may tell you something that
will astonish you as much as it will excite your
compassion."
Dorothea was struck by Cardenio's words as
well as by his strange and miserable attire, and
begged him if he knew anything concerning
her to tell it to her at once, for if fortune had left
her any blessing it was courage to bear whate-
ver calamity might fall upon her, as she felt
sure that none could reach her capable of in-
creasing in any degree what she endured al-
ready.
 "I would not let the occasion pass, senora,"
replied Cardenio, "of telling you what I think, if
what I suspect were the truth, but so far there
has been no opportunity, nor is it of any impor-
tance to you to know it."
"Be it as it may," replied Dorothea, "what
happened in my story was that Don Fernando,
taking an image that stood in the chamber, pla-
ced it as a witness of our betrothal, and with
the most binding words and extravagant oaths
gave me his promise to become my husband;
though before he had made an end of pledging
himself I bade him consider well what he was
doing, and think of the anger his father would
feel at seeing him married to a peasant girl and
one of his vassals; I told him not to let my beau-
ty, such as it was, blind him, for that was not
enough to furnish an excuse for his transgres-
sion; and if in the love he bore me he wished to
do me any kindness, it would be to leave my lot
to follow its course at the level my condition
required; for marriages so unequal never
brought happiness, nor did they continue long
to afford the enjoyment they began with.
"All this that I have now repeated I said to
him, and much more which I cannot recollect;
but it had no effect in inducing him to forego
his purpose; he who has no intention of paying
does not trouble himself about difficulties
when he is striking the bargain. At the same
time I argued the matter briefly in my own
mind, saying to myself, 'I shall not be the first
who has risen through marriage from a lowly
to a lofty station, nor will Don Fernando be the
first whom beauty or, as is more likely, a blind
attachment, has led to mate himself below his
rank. Then, since I am introducing no new usa-
ge or practice, I may as well avail myself of the
honour that chance offers me, for even though
his inclination for me should not outlast the
attainment of his wishes, I shall be, after all, his
wife before God. And if I strive to repel him by
scorn, I can see that, fair means failing, he is in
a mood to use force, and I shall be left dis-
honoured and without any means of proving
my innocence to those who cannot know how
innocently I have come to be in this position;
for what arguments would persuade my pa-
rents that this gentleman entered my chamber
without my consent?'
"All these questions and answers passed
through my mind in a moment; but the oaths of
Don Fernando, the witnesses he appealed to,
the tears he shed, and lastly the charms of his
person and his high-bred grace, which, accom-
panied by such signs of genuine love, might
well have conquered a heart even more free
and coy than mine—these were the things that
more than all began to influence me and lead
me unawares to my ruin. I called my waiting-
maid to me, that there might be a witness on
earth besides those in Heaven, and again Don
Fernando renewed and repeated his oaths, in-
voked as witnesses fresh saints in addition to
the former ones, called down upon himself a
thousand curses hereafter should he fail to keep
his promise, shed more tears, redoubled his
sighs and pressed me closer in his arms, from
which he had never allowed me to escape; and
so I was left by my maid, and ceased to be one,
and he became a traitor and a perjured man.
"The day which followed the night of my
misfortune did not come so quickly, I imagine,
as Don Fernando wished, for when desire has
attained its object, the greatest pleasure is to fly
from the scene of pleasure. I say so because
Don Fernando made all haste to leave me, and
by the adroitness of my maid, who was indeed
the one who had admitted him, gained the
street before daybreak; but on taking leave of
me he told me, though not with as much ear-
nestness and fervour as when he came, that I
might rest assured of his faith and of the sancti-
ty and sincerity of his oaths; and to confirm his
words he drew a rich ring off his finger and
placed it upon mine. He then took his departu-
re and I was left, I know not whether sorrowful
or happy; all I can say is, I was left agitated and
troubled in mind and almost bewildered by
what had taken place, and I had not the spirit,
or else it did not occur to me, to chide my maid
for the treachery she had been guilty of in con-
cealing Don Fernando in my chamber; for as
yet I was unable to make up my mind whether
what had befallen me was for good or evil. I
told Don Fernando at parting, that as I was
now his, he might see me on other nights in the
same way, until it should be his pleasure to let
the matter become known; but, except the fo-
llowing night, he came no more, nor for more
than a month could I catch a glimpse of him in
the street or in church, while I wearied myself
with watching for one; although I knew he was
in the town, and almost every day went out
hunting, a pastime he was very fond of. I re-
member well how sad and dreary those days
and hours were to me; I remember well how I
began to doubt as they went by, and even to
lose confidence in the faith of Don Fernando;
and I remember, too, how my maid heard those
words in reproof of her audacity that she had
not heard before, and how I was forced to put a
constraint on my tears and on the expression of
my countenance, not to give my parents cause
to ask me why I was so melancholy, and drive
me to invent falsehoods in reply. But all this
was suddenly brought to an end, for the time
came when all such considerations were disre-
garded, and there was no further question of
honour, when my patience gave way and the
secret of my heart became known abroad. The
reason was, that a few days later it was repor-
ted in the town that Don Fernando had been
married in a neighbouring city to a maiden of
rare beauty, the daughter of parents of distin-
guished position, though not so rich that her
portion would entitle her to look for so brilliant
a match; it was said, too, that her name was
Luscinda, and that at the betrothal some stran-
ge things had happened."
Cardenio heard the name of Luscinda, but
he only shrugged his shoulders, bit his lips,
bent his brows, and before long two streams of
tears escaped from his eyes. Dorothea, howe-
ver, did not interrupt her story, but went on in
these words:
"This sad intelligence reached my ears, and,
instead of being struck with a chill, with such
wrath and fury did my heart burn that I scarce-
ly restrained myself from rushing out into the
streets, crying aloud and proclaiming openly
the perfidy and treachery of which I was the
victim; but this transport of rage was for the
time checked by a resolution I formed, to be
carried out the same night, and that was to as-
sume this dress, which I got from a servant of
my father's, one of the zagals, as they are called
in farmhouses, to whom I confided the whole
of my misfortune, and whom I entreated to
accompany me to the city where I heard my
enemy was. He, though he remonstrated with
me for my boldness, and condemned my reso-
lution, when he saw me bent upon my purpose,
offered to bear me company, as he said, to the
end of the world. I at once packed up in a linen
pillow-case a woman's dress, and some jewels
and money to provide for emergencies, and in
the silence of the night, without letting my trea-
cherous maid know, I sallied forth from the
house, accompanied by my servant and abun-
dant anxieties, and on foot set out for the city,
but borne as it were on wings by my eagerness
to reach it, if not to prevent what I presumed to
be already done, at least to call upon Don Fer-
nando to tell me with what conscience he had
done it. I reached my destination in two days
and a half, and on entering the city inquired for
the house of Luscinda's parents. The first per-
son I asked gave me more in reply than I
sought to know; he showed me the house, and
told me all that had occurred at the betrothal of
the daughter of the family, an affair of such
notoriety in the city that it was the talk of every
knot of idlers in the street. He said that on the
night of Don Fernando's betrothal with Luscin-
da, as soon as she had consented to be his bride
by saying 'Yes,' she was taken with a sudden
fainting fit, and that on the bridegroom ap-
proaching to unlace the bosom of her dress to
give her air, he found a paper in her own
handwriting, in which she said and declared
that she could not be Don Fernando's bride,
because she was already Cardenio's, who, ac-
cording to the man's account, was a gentleman
of distinction of the same city; and that if she
had accepted Don Fernando, it was only in
obedience to her parents. In short, he said, the
words of the paper made it clear she meant to
kill herself on the completion of the betrothal,
and gave her reasons for putting an end to her-
self all which was confirmed, it was said, by a
dagger they found somewhere in her clothes.
On seeing this, Don Fernando, persuaded that
Luscinda had befooled, slighted, and trifled
with him, assailed her before she had recovered
from her swoon, and tried to stab her with the
dagger that had been found, and would have
succeeded had not her parents and those who
were present prevented him. It was said, mo-
reover, that Don Fernando went away at once,
and that Luscinda did not recover from her
prostration until the next day, when she told
her parents how she was really the bride of that
Cardenio I have mentioned. I learned besides
that Cardenio, according to report, had been
present at the betrothal; and that upon seeing
her betrothed contrary to his expectation, he
had quitted the city in despair, leaving behind
him a letter declaring the wrong Luscinda had
done him, and his intention of going where no
one should ever see him again. All this was a
matter of notoriety in the city, and everyone
spoke of it; especially when it became known
that Luscinda was missing from her father's
house and from the city, for she was not to be
found anywhere, to the distraction of her pa-
rents, who knew not what steps to take to reco-
ver her. What I learned revived my hopes, and
I was better pleased not to have found Don
Fernando than to find him married, for it see-
med to me that the door was not yet entirely
shut upon relief in my case, and I thought that
perhaps Heaven had put this impediment in
the way of the second marriage, to lead him to
recognise his obligations under the former one,
and reflect that as a Christian he was bound to
consider his soul above all human objects. All
this passed through my mind, and I strove to
comfort myself without comfort, indulging in
faint and distant hopes of cherishing that life
that I now abhor.
"But while I was in the city, uncertain what
to do, as I could not find Don Fernando, I heard
notice given by the public crier offering a great
reward to anyone who should find me, and
giving the particulars of my age and of the very
dress I wore; and I heard it said that the lad
who came with me had taken me away from
my father's house; a thing that cut me to the
heart, showing how low my good name had
fallen, since it was not enough that I should
lose it by my flight, but they must add with
whom I had fled, and that one so much beneath
me and so unworthy of my consideration. The
instant I heard the notice I quitted the city with
my servant, who now began to show signs of
wavering in his fidelity to me, and the same
night, for fear of discovery, we entered the
most thickly wooded part of these mountains.
But, as is commonly said, one evil calls up
another and the end of one misfortune is apt to
be the beginning of one still greater, and so it
proved in my case; for my worthy servant, until
then so faithful and trusty when he found me
in this lonely spot, moved more by his own
villainy than by my beauty, sought to take ad-
vantage of the opportunity which these solitu-
des seemed to present him, and with little sha-
me and less fear of God and respect for me,
began to make overtures to me; and finding
that I replied to the effrontery of his proposals
with justly severe language, he laid aside the
entreaties which he had employed at first, and
began to use violence.
 "But just Heaven, that seldom fails to watch
over and aid good intentions, so aided mine
that with my slight strength and with little
exertion I pushed him over a precipice, where I
left him, whether dead or alive I know not; and
then, with greater speed than seemed possible
in my terror and fatigue, I made my way into
the mountains, without any other thought or
purpose save that of hiding myself among
them, and escaping my father and those des-
patched in search of me by his orders. It is now
I know not how many months since with this
object I came here, where I met a herdsman
who engaged me as his servant at a place in the
heart of this Sierra, and all this time I have been
serving him as herd, striving to keep always
afield to hide these locks which have now
unexpectedly betrayed me. But all my care and
pains were unavailing, for my master made the
discovery that I was not a man, and harboured
the same base designs as my servant; and as
fortune does not always supply a remedy in
cases of difficulty, and I had no precipice or
ravine at hand down which to fling the master
and cure his passion, as I had in the servant's
case, I thought it a lesser evil to leave him and
again conceal myself among these crags, than
make trial of my strength and argument with
him. So, as I say, once more I went into hiding
to seek for some place where I might with sighs
and tears implore Heaven to have pity on my
misery, and grant me help and strength to es-
cape from it, or let me die among the solitudes,
leaving no trace of an unhappy being who, by
no fault of hers, has furnished matter for talk
and scandal at home and abroad."
 CHAPTER XXIX.

WHICH TREATS OF THE DROLL

DEVICE AND METHOD ADOPTED
TO EXTRICATE OUR LOVE-
STRICKEN KNIGHT FROM THE SE-
VERE PENANCE HE HAD IMPOSED
UPON HIMSELF

"Such, sirs, is the true story of my sad adven-

tures; judge for yourselves now whether the
sighs and lamentations you heard, and the tears
that flowed from my eyes, had not sufficient
cause even if I had indulged in them more free-
ly; and if you consider the nature of my misfor-
tune you will see that consolation is idle, as
there is no possible remedy for it. All I ask of
you is, what you may easily and reasonably do,
to show me where I may pass my life unharas-
sed by the fear and dread of discovery by those
who are in search of me; for though the great
love my parents bear me makes me feel sure of
being kindly received by them, so great is my
feeling of shame at the mere thought that I can-
not present myself before them as they expect,
that I had rather banish myself from their sight
for ever than look them in the face with the
reflection that they beheld mine stripped of that
purity they had a right to expect in me."
With these words she became silent, and the
colour that overspread her face showed plainly
the pain and shame she was suffering at heart.
In theirs the listeners felt as much pity as won-
der at her misfortunes; but as the curate was
just about to offer her some consolation and
advice Cardenio forestalled him, saying, "So
then, senora, you are the fair Dorothea, the only
daughter of the rich Clenardo?" Dorothea was
astonished at hearing her father's name, and at
the miserable appearance of him who mentio-
ned it, for it has been already said how wret-
chedly clad Cardenio was; so she said to him:
"And who may you be, brother, who seem to
know my father's name so well? For so far, if I
remember rightly, I have not mentioned it in
the whole story of my misfortunes."
"I am that unhappy being, senora," replied
Cardenio, "whom, as you have said, Luscinda
declared to be her husband; I am the unfortuna-
te Cardenio, whom the wrong-doing of him
who has brought you to your present condition
has reduced to the state you see me in, bare,
ragged, bereft of all human comfort, and what
is worse, of reason, for I only possess it when
Heaven is pleased for some short space to re-
store it to me. I, Dorothea, am he who witnes-
sed the wrong done by Don Fernando, and
waited to hear the 'Yes' uttered by which Lus-
cinda owned herself his betrothed: I am he who
had not courage enough to see how her fainting
fit ended, or what came of the paper that was
found in her bosom, because my heart had not
the fortitude to endure so many strokes of ill-
fortune at once; and so losing patience I quitted
the house, and leaving a letter with my host,
which I entreated him to place in Luscinda's
hands, I betook myself to these solitudes, resol-
ved to end here the life I hated as if it were my
mortal enemy. But fate would not rid me of it,
contenting itself with robbing me of my reason,
perhaps to preserve me for the good fortune I
have had in meeting you; for if that which you
have just told us be true, as I believe it to be, it
may be that Heaven has yet in store for both of
us a happier termination to our misfortunes
than we look for; because seeing that Luscinda
cannot marry Don Fernando, being mine, as
she has herself so openly declared, and that
Don Fernando cannot marry her as he is yours,
we may reasonably hope that Heaven will re-
store to us what is ours, as it is still in existence
and not yet alienated or destroyed. And as we
have this consolation springing from no very
visionary hope or wild fancy, I entreat you,
senora, to form new resolutions in your better
mind, as I mean to do in mine, preparing your-
self to look forward to happier fortunes; for I
swear to you by the faith of a gentleman and a
Christian not to desert you until I see you in
possession of Don Fernando, and if I cannot by
words induce him to recognise his obligation to
you, in that case to avail myself of the right
which my rank as a gentleman gives me, and
with just cause challenge him on account of the
injury he has done you, not regarding my own
wrongs, which I shall leave to Heaven to aven-
ge, while I on earth devote myself to yours."
Cardenio's words completed the astonish-
ment of Dorothea, and not knowing how to
return thanks for such an offer, she attempted
to kiss his feet; but Cardenio would not permit
it, and the licentiate replied for both, commen-
ded the sound reasoning of Cardenio, and las-
tly, begged, advised, and urged them to come
with him to his village, where they might fur-
nish themselves with what they needed, and
take measures to discover Don Fernando, or
restore Dorothea to her parents, or do what
seemed to them most advisable. Cardenio and
Dorothea thanked him, and accepted the kind
offer he made them; and the barber, who had
been listening to all attentively and in silence,
on his part some kindly words also, and with
no less good-will than the curate offered his
services in any way that might be of use to
them. He also explained to them in a few words
the object that had brought them there, and the
strange nature of Don Quixote's madness, and
how they were waiting for his squire, who had
gone in search of him. Like the recollection of a
dream, the quarrel he had had with Don Quixo-
te came back to Cardenio's memory, and he
described it to the others; but he was unable to
say what the dispute was about.
At this moment they heard a shout, and re-
cognised it as coming from Sancho Panza, who,
not finding them where he had left them, was
calling aloud to them. They went to meet him,
and in answer to their inquiries about Don
Quixote, he told them how he had found him
stripped to his shirt, lank, yellow, half dead
with hunger, and sighing for his lady Dulcinea;
and although he had told him that she com-
manded him to quit that place and come to El
Toboso, where she was expecting him, he had
answered that he was determined not to appear
in the presence of her beauty until he had done
deeds to make him worthy of her favour; and if
this went on, Sancho said, he ran the risk of not
becoming an emperor as in duty bound, or
even an archbishop, which was the least he
could be; for which reason they ought to consi-
der what was to be done to get him away from
there. The licentiate in reply told him not to be
uneasy, for they would fetch him away in spite
of himself. He then told Cardenio and Dorothea
what they had proposed to do to cure Don
Quixote, or at any rate take him home; upon
which Dorothea said that she could play the
distressed damsel better than the barber; espe-
cially as she had there the dress in which to do
it to the life, and that they might trust to her
acting the part in every particular requisite for
carrying out their scheme, for she had read a
great many books of chivalry, and knew exactly
the style in which afflicted damsels begged
boons of knights-errant.
"In that case," said the curate, "there is not-
hing more required than to set about it at once,
for beyond a doubt fortune is declaring itself in
our favour, since it has so unexpectedly begun
to open a door for your relief, and smoothed
the way for us to our object."
Dorothea then took out of her pillow-case a
complete petticoat of some rich stuff, and a
green mantle of some other fine material, and a
necklace and other ornaments out of a little
box, and with these in an instant she so arrayed
herself that she looked like a great and rich
lady. All this, and more, she said, she had taken
from home in case of need, but that until then
she had had no occasion to make use of it. They
were all highly delighted with her grace, air,
and beauty, and declared Don Fernando to be a
man of very little taste when he rejected such
charms. But the one who admired her most was
Sancho Panza, for it seemed to him (what inde-
ed was true) that in all the days of his life he
had never seen such a lovely creature; and he
asked the curate with great eagerness who this
beautiful lady was, and what she wanted in
these out-of-the-way quarters.
"This fair lady, brother Sancho," replied the
curate, "is no less a personage than the heiress
in the direct male line of the great kingdom of
Micomicon, who has come in search of your
master to beg a boon of him, which is that he
redress a wrong or injury that a wicked giant
has done her; and from the fame as a good
knight which your master has acquired far and
wide, this princess has come from Guinea to
seek him."
"A lucky seeking and a lucky finding!" said
Sancho Panza at this; "especially if my master
has the good fortune to redress that injury, and
right that wrong, and kill that son of a bitch of a
giant your worship speaks of; as kill him he
will if he meets him, unless, indeed, he happens
to be a phantom; for my master has no power
at all against phantoms. But one thing among
others I would beg of you, senor licentiate,
which is, that, to prevent my master taking a
fancy to be an archbishop, for that is what I'm
afraid of, your worship would recommend him
to marry this princess at once; for in this way
he will be disabled from taking archbishop's
orders, and will easily come into his empire,
and I to the end of my desires; I have been
thinking over the matter carefully, and by what
I can make out I find it will not do for me that
my master should become an archbishop, be-
cause I am no good for the Church, as I am ma-
rried; and for me now, having as I have a wife
and children, to set about obtaining dispensa-
tions to enable me to hold a place of profit un-
der the Church, would be endless work; so that,
senor, it all turns on my master marrying this
lady at once—for as yet I do not know her gra-
ce, and so I cannot call her by her name."
"She is called the Princess Micomicona," said
the curate; "for as her kingdom is Micomicon, it
is clear that must be her name."
"There's no doubt of that," replied Sancho,
"for I have known many to take their name and
title from the place where they were born and
call themselves Pedro of Alcala, Juan of Ubeda,
and Diego of Valladolid; and it may be that
over there in Guinea queens have the same way
of taking the names of their kingdoms."
"So it may," said the curate; "and as for your
master's marrying, I will do all in my power
towards it:" with which Sancho was as much
pleased as the curate was amazed at his simpli-
city and at seeing what a hold the absurdities of
his master had taken of his fancy, for he had
evidently persuaded himself that he was going
to be an emperor.
 By this time Dorothea had seated herself
upon the curate's mule, and the barber had fit-
ted the ox-tail beard to his face, and they now
told Sancho to conduct them to where Don
Quixote was, warning him not to say that he
knew either the licentiate or the barber, as his
master's becoming an emperor entirely depen-
ded on his not recognising them; neither the
curate nor Cardenio, however, thought fit to go
with them; Cardenio lest he should remind
Don Quixote of the quarrel he had with him,
and the curate as there was no necessity for his
presence just yet, so they allowed the others to
go on before them, while they themselves fo-
llowed slowly on foot. The curate did not forget
to instruct Dorothea how to act, but she said
they might make their minds easy, as everyt-
hing would be done exactly as the books of
chivalry required and described.
They had gone about three-quarters of a lea-
gue when they discovered Don Quixote in a
wilderness of rocks, by this time clothed, but
without his armour; and as soon as Dorothea
saw him and was told by Sancho that that was
Don Quixote, she whipped her palfrey, the
well-bearded barber following her, and on co-
ming up to him her squire sprang from his mu-
le and came forward to receive her in his arms,
and she dismounting with great ease of manner
advanced to kneel before the feet of Don
Quixote; and though he strove to raise her up,
she without rising addressed him in this fas-
hion:
"From this spot I will not rise, valiant and
doughty knight, until your goodness and cour-
tesy grant me a boon, which will redound to
the honour and renown of your person and
render a service to the most disconsolate and
afflicted damsel the sun has seen; and if the
might of your strong arm corresponds to the
repute of your immortal fame, you are bound
to aid the helpless being who, led by the savour
of your renowned name, hath come from far
distant lands to seek your aid in her misfortu-
nes."
"I will not answer a word, beauteous lady,"
replied Don Quixote, "nor will I listen to anyt-
hing further concerning you, until you rise
from the earth."
"I will not rise, senor," answered the afflicted
damsel, "unless of your courtesy the boon I ask
is first granted me."
"I grant and accord it," said Don Quixote,
"provided without detriment or prejudice to
my king, my country, or her who holds the key
of my heart and freedom, it may be complied
with."
"It will not be to the detriment or prejudice
of any of them, my worthy lord," said the afflic-
ted damsel; and here Sancho Panza drew close
to his master's ear and said to him very softly,
"Your worship may very safely grant the boon
she asks; it's nothing at all; only to kill a big
giant; and she who asks it is the exalted Prin-
cess Micomicona, queen of the great kingdom
of Micomicon of Ethiopia."
"Let her be who she may," replied Don
Quixote, "I will do what is my bounden duty,
and what my conscience bids me, in conformity
with what I have professed;" and turning to the
damsel he said, "Let your great beauty rise, for I
grant the boon which you would ask of me."
"Then what I ask," said the damsel, "is that
your magnanimous person accompany me at
once whither I will conduct you, and that you
promise not to engage in any other adventure
or quest until you have avenged me of a traitor
who against all human and divine law, has
usurped my kingdom."
"I repeat that I grant it," replied Don Quixo-
te; "and so, lady, you may from this day forth
lay aside the melancholy that distresses you,
and let your failing hopes gather new life and
strength, for with the help of God and of my
arm you will soon see yourself restored to your
kingdom, and seated upon the throne of your
ancient and mighty realm, notwithstanding
and despite of the felons who would gainsay it;
and now hands to the work, for in delay there
is apt to be danger."
The distressed damsel strove with much
pertinacity to kiss his hands; but Don Quixote,
who was in all things a polished and courteous
knight, would by no means allow it, but made
her rise and embraced her with great courtesy
and politeness, and ordered Sancho to look to
Rocinante's girths, and to arm him without a
moment's delay. Sancho took down the ar-
mour, which was hung up on a tree like a trop-
hy, and having seen to the girths armed his
master in a trice, who as soon as he found him-
self in his armour exclaimed:
"Let us be gone in the name of God to bring
aid to this great lady."
The barber was all this time on his knees at
great pains to hide his laughter and not let his
beard fall, for had it fallen maybe their fine
scheme would have come to nothing; but now
seeing the boon granted, and the promptitude
with which Don Quixote prepared to set out in
compliance with it, he rose and took his lady's
hand, and between them they placed her upon
the mule. Don Quixote then mounted Rocinan-
te, and the barber settled himself on his beast,
Sancho being left to go on foot, which made
him feel anew the loss of his Dapple, finding
the want of him now. But he bore all with che-
erfulness, being persuaded that his master had
now fairly started and was just on the point of
becoming an emperor; for he felt no doubt at all
that he would marry this princess, and be king
of Micomicon at least. The only thing that trou-
bled him was the reflection that this kingdom
was in the land of the blacks, and that the peo-
ple they would give him for vassals would be
all black; but for this he soon found a remedy in
his fancy, and said he to himself, "What is it to
me if my vassals are blacks? What more have I
to do than make a cargo of them and carry
them to Spain, where I can sell them and get
ready money for them, and with it buy some
title or some office in which to live at ease all
the days of my life? Not unless you go to sleep
and haven't the wit or skill to turn things to
account and sell three, six, or ten thousand vas-
sals while you would be talking about it! By
God I will stir them up, big and little, or as best
I can, and let them be ever so black I'll turn
them into white or yellow. Come, come, what a
fool I am!" And so he jogged on, so occupied
with his thoughts and easy in his mind that he
forgot all about the hardship of travelling on
foot.
Cardenio and the curate were watching all
this from among some bushes, not knowing
how to join company with the others; but the
curate, who was very fertile in devices, soon hit
upon a way of effecting their purpose, and with
a pair of scissors he had in a case he quickly cut
off Cardenio's beard, and putting on him a grey
jerkin of his own he gave him a black cloak,
leaving himself in his breeches and doublet,
while Cardenio's appearance was so different
from what it had been that he would not have
known himself had he seen himself in a mirror.
Having effected this, although the others had
gone on ahead while they were disguising
themselves, they easily came out on the high
road before them, for the brambles and awk-
ward places they encountered did not allow
those on horseback to go as fast as those on
foot. They then posted themselves on the level
ground at the outlet of the Sierra, and as soon
as Don Quixote and his companions emerged
from it the curate began to examine him very
deliberately, as though he were striving to re-
cognise him, and after having stared at him for
some time he hastened towards him with open
arms exclaiming, "A happy meeting with the
mirror of chivalry, my worthy compatriot Don
Quixote of La Mancha, the flower and cream of
high breeding, the protection and relief of the
distressed, the quintessence of knights-errant!"
And so saying he clasped in his arms the knee
of Don Quixote's left leg. He, astonished at the
stranger's words and behaviour, looked at him
attentively, and at length recognised him, very
much surprised to see him there, and made
great efforts to dismount. This, however, the
curate would not allow, on which Don Quixote
said, "Permit me, senor licentiate, for it is not
fitting that I should be on horseback and so
reverend a person as your worship on foot."
"On no account will I allow it," said the cura-
te; "your mightiness must remain on horseback,
for it is on horseback you achieve the greatest
deeds and adventures that have been beheld in
our age; as for me, an unworthy priest, it will
serve me well enough to mount on the haun-
ches of one of the mules of these gentlefolk who
accompany your worship, if they have no ob-
jection, and I will fancy I am mounted on the
steed Pegasus, or on the zebra or charger that
bore the famous Moor, Muzaraque, who to this
day lies enchanted in the great hill of Zulema, a
little distance from the great Complutum."
 "Nor even that will I consent to, senor licen-
tiate," answered Don Quixote, "and I know it
will be the good pleasure of my lady the prin-
cess, out of love for me, to order her squire to
give up the saddle of his mule to your worship,
and he can sit behind if the beast will bear it."
"It will, I am sure," said the princess, "and I
am sure, too, that I need not order my squire,
for he is too courteous and considerate to allow
a Churchman to go on foot when he might be
mounted."
"That he is," said the barber, and at once
alighting, he offered his saddle to the curate,
who accepted it without much entreaty; but
unfortunately as the barber was mounting
behind, the mule, being as it happened a hired
one, which is the same thing as saying ill-
conditioned, lifted its hind hoofs and let fly a
couple of kicks in the air, which would have
made Master Nicholas wish his expedition in
quest of Don Quixote at the devil had they
caught him on the breast or head. As it was,
they so took him by surprise that he came to
the ground, giving so little heed to his beard
that it fell off, and all he could do when he
found himself without it was to cover his face
hastily with both his hands and moan that his
teeth were knocked out. Don Quixote when he
saw all that bundle of beard detached, without
jaws or blood, from the face of the fallen squire,
exclaimed:
"By the living God, but this is a great mira-
cle! it has knocked off and plucked away the
beard from his face as if it had been shaved off
designedly."
The curate, seeing the danger of discovery
that threatened his scheme, at once pounced
upon the beard and hastened with it to where
Master Nicholas lay, still uttering moans, and
drawing his head to his breast had it on in an
instant, muttering over him some words which
he said were a certain special charm for sticking
on beards, as they would see; and as soon as he
had it fixed he left him, and the squire appea-
red well bearded and whole as before, whereat
Don Quixote was beyond measure astonished,
and begged the curate to teach him that charm
when he had an opportunity, as he was per-
suaded its virtue must extend beyond the stic-
king on of beards, for it was clear that where
the beard had been stripped off the flesh must
have remained torn and lacerated, and when it
could heal all that it must be good for more
than beards.
"And so it is," said the curate, and he promi-
sed to teach it to him on the first opportunity.
They then agreed that for the present the curate
should mount, and that the three should ride
by turns until they reached the inn, which
might be about six leagues from where they
were.
Three then being mounted, that is to say,
Don Quixote, the princess, and the curate, and
three on foot, Cardenio, the barber, and Sancho
Panza, Don Quixote said to the damsel:
 "Let your highness, lady, lead on whither-
soever is most pleasing to you;" but before she
could answer the licentiate said:
"Towards what kingdom would your ladys-
hip direct our course? Is it perchance towards
that of Micomicon? It must be, or else I know
little about kingdoms."
She, being ready on all points, understood
that she was to answer "Yes," so she said "Yes,
senor, my way lies towards that kingdom."
"In that case," said the curate, "we must pass
right through my village, and there your wors-
hip will take the road to Cartagena, where you
will be able to embark, fortune favouring; and
if the wind be fair and the sea smooth and
tranquil, in somewhat less than nine years you
may come in sight of the great lake Meona, I
mean Meotides, which is little more than a
hundred days' journey this side of your high-
ness's kingdom."
"Your worship is mistaken, senor," said she;
"for it is not two years since I set out from it,
and though I never had good weather, nevert-
heless I am here to behold what I so longed for,
and that is my lord Don Quixote of La Mancha,
whose fame came to my ears as soon as I set
foot in Spain and impelled me to go in search of
him, to commend myself to his courtesy, and
entrust the justice of my cause to the might of
his invincible arm."
"Enough; no more praise," said Don Quixote
at this, "for I hate all flattery; and though this
may not be so, still language of the kind is of-
fensive to my chaste ears. I will only say, seno-
ra, that whether it has might or not, that which
it may or may not have shall be devoted to
your service even to death; and now, leaving
this to its proper season, I would ask the senor
licentiate to tell me what it is that has brought
him into these parts, alone, unattended, and so
lightly clad that I am filled with amazement."
"I will answer that briefly," replied the cura-
te; "you must know then, Senor Don Quixote,
that Master Nicholas, our friend and barber,
and I were going to Seville to receive some mo-
ney that a relative of mine who went to the In-
dies many years ago had sent me, and not such
a small sum but that it was over sixty thousand
pieces of eight, full weight, which is something;
and passing by this place yesterday we were
attacked by four footpads, who stripped us
even to our beards, and them they stripped off
so that the barber found it necessary to put on a
false one, and even this young man here"-
pointing to Cardenio—"they completely trans-
formed. But the best of it is, the story goes in
the neighbourhood that those who attacked us
belong to a number of galley slaves who, they
say, were set free almost on the very same spot
by a man of such valour that, in spite of the
commissary and of the guards, he released the
whole of them; and beyond all doubt he must
have been out of his senses, or he must be as
great a scoundrel as they, or some man without
heart or conscience to let the wolf loose among
the sheep, the fox among the hens, the fly
among the honey. He has defrauded justice,
and opposed his king and lawful master, for he
opposed his just commands; he has, I say, rob-
bed the galleys of their feet, stirred up the Holy
Brotherhood which for many years past has
been quiet, and, lastly, has done a deed by
which his soul may be lost without any gain to
his body." Sancho had told the curate and the
barber of the adventure of the galley slaves,
which, so much to his glory, his master had
achieved, and hence the curate in alluding to it
made the most of it to see what would be said
or done by Don Quixote; who changed colour
at every word, not daring to say that it was he
who had been the liberator of those worthy
people. "These, then," said the curate, "were
they who robbed us; and God in his mercy
pardon him who would not let them go to the
punishment they deserved."
 CHAPTER XXX.

WHICH TREATS OF ADDRESS

DISPLAYED BY THE FAIR DOROT-
HEA, WITH OTHER MATTERS PLEA-
SANT AND AMUSING

The curate had hardly ceased speaking,

when Sancho said, "In faith, then, senor licen-
tiate, he who did that deed was my master; and
it was not for want of my telling him before-
hand and warning him to mind what he was
about, and that it was a sin to set them at liber-
ty, as they were all on the march there because
they were special scoundrels."
"Blockhead!" said Don Quixote at this, "it is
no business or concern of knights-errant to in-
quire whether any persons in affliction, in
chains, or oppressed that they may meet on the
high roads go that way and suffer as they do
because of their faults or because of their mis-
fortunes. It only concerns them to aid them as
persons in need of help, having regard to their
sufferings and not to their rascalities. I encoun-
tered a chaplet or string of miserable and un-
fortunate people, and did for them what my
sense of duty demands of me, and as for the
rest be that as it may; and whoever takes objec-
tion to it, saving the sacred dignity of the senor
licentiate and his honoured person, I say he
knows little about chivalry and lies like a who-
reson villain, and this I will give him to know
to the fullest extent with my sword;" and so
saying he settled himself in his stirrups and
pressed down his morion; for the barber's ba-
sin, which according to him was Mambrino's
helmet, he carried hanging at the saddle-bow
until he could repair the damage done to it by
the galley slaves.
Dorothea, who was shrewd and sprightly,
and by this time thoroughly understood Don
Quixote's crazy turn, and that all except Sancho
Panza were making game of him, not to be
behind the rest said to him, on observing his
irritation, "Sir Knight, remember the boon you
have promised me, and that in accordance with
it you must not engage in any other adventure,
be it ever so pressing; calm yourself, for if the
licentiate had known that the galley slaves had
been set free by that unconquered arm he
would have stopped his mouth thrice over, or
even bitten his tongue three times before he
would have said a word that tended towards
disrespect of your worship."
"That I swear heartily," said the curate, "and
I would have even plucked off a moustache."
"I will hold my peace, senora," said Don
Quixote, "and I will curb the natural anger that
had arisen in my breast, and will proceed in
peace and quietness until I have fulfilled my
promise; but in return for this consideration I
entreat you to tell me, if you have no objection
to do so, what is the nature of your trouble, and
how many, who, and what are the persons of
whom I am to require due satisfaction, and on
whom I am to take vengeance on your behalf?"
"That I will do with all my heart," replied
Dorothea, "if it will not be wearisome to you to
hear of miseries and misfortunes."
"It will not be wearisome, senora," said Don
Quixote; to which Dorothea replied, "Well, if
that be so, give me your attention." As soon as
she said this, Cardenio and the barber drew
close to her side, eager to hear what sort of sto-
ry the quick-witted Dorothea would invent for
herself; and Sancho did the same, for he was as
much taken in by her as his master; and she
having settled herself comfortably in the sadd-
le, and with the help of coughing and other
preliminaries taken time to think, began with
great sprightliness of manner in this fashion.
"First of all, I would have you know, sirs,
that my name is-" and here she stopped for a
moment, for she forgot the name the curate had
given her; but he came to her relief, seeing what
her difficulty was, and said, "It is no wonder,
senora, that your highness should be confused
and embarrassed in telling the tale of your mis-
fortunes; for such afflictions often have the ef-
fect of depriving the sufferers of memory, so
that they do not even remember their own na-
mes, as is the case now with your ladyship,
who has forgotten that she is called the Princess
Micomicona, lawful heiress of the great king-
dom of Micomicon; and with this cue your
highness may now recall to your sorrowful
recollection all you may wish to tell us."
"That is the truth," said the damsel; "but I
think from this on I shall have no need of any
prompting, and I shall bring my true story safe
into port, and here it is. The king my father,
who was called Tinacrio the Sapient, was very
learned in what they call magic arts, and beca-
me aware by his craft that my mother, who was
called Queen Jaramilla, was to die before he
did, and that soon after he too was to depart
this life, and I was to be left an orphan without
father or mother. But all this, he declared, did
not so much grieve or distress him as his cer-
tain knowledge that a prodigious giant, the
lord of a great island close to our kingdom,
Pandafilando of the Scowl by name—for it is
averred that, though his eyes are properly pla-
ced and straight, he always looks askew as if he
squinted, and this he does out of malignity, to
strike fear and terror into those he looks at—
that he knew, I say, that this giant on becoming
aware of my orphan condition would overrun
my kingdom with a mighty force and strip me
of all, not leaving me even a small village to
shelter me; but that I could avoid all this ruin
and misfortune if I were willing to marry him;
however, as far as he could see, he never expec-
ted that I would consent to a marriage so une-
qual; and he said no more than the truth in this,
for it has never entered my mind to marry that
giant, or any other, let him be ever so great or
enormous. My father said, too, that when he
was dead, and I saw Pandafilando about to
invade my kingdom, I was not to wait and at-
tempt to defend myself, for that would be des-
tructive to me, but that I should leave the king-
dom entirely open to him if I wished to avoid
the death and total destruction of my good and
loyal vassals, for there would be no possibility
of defending myself against the giant's devilish
power; and that I should at once with some of
my followers set out for Spain, where I should
obtain relief in my distress on finding a certain
knight-errant whose fame by that time would
extend over the whole kingdom, and who
would be called, if I remember rightly, Don
Azote or Don Gigote."
"'Don Quixote,' he must have said, senora,"
observed Sancho at this, "otherwise called the
Knight of the Rueful Countenance."
"That is it," said Dorothea; "he said, moreo-
ver, that he would be tall of stature and lank
featured; and that on his right side under the
left shoulder, or thereabouts, he would have a
grey mole with hairs like bristles."
 On hearing this, Don Quixote said to his
squire, "Here, Sancho my son, bear a hand and
help me to strip, for I want to see if I am the
knight that sage king foretold."
"What does your worship want to strip for?"
said Dorothea.
"To see if I have that mole your father spoke
of," answered Don Quixote.
"There is no occasion to strip," said Sancho;
"for I know your worship has just such a mole
on the middle of your backbone, which is the
mark of a strong man."
"That is enough," said Dorothea, "for with
friends we must not look too closely into trifles;
and whether it be on the shoulder or on the
backbone matters little; it is enough if there is a
mole, be it where it may, for it is all the same
flesh; no doubt my good father hit the truth in
every particular, and I have made a lucky hit in
commending myself to Don Quixote; for he is
the one my father spoke of, as the features of
his countenance correspond with those assig-
ned to this knight by that wide fame he has
acquired not only in Spain but in all La Man-
cha; for I had scarcely landed at Osuna when I
heard such accounts of his achievements, that
at once my heart told me he was the very one I
had come in search of."
"But how did you land at Osuna, senora,"
asked Don Quixote, "when it is not a seaport?"
But before Dorothea could reply the curate
anticipated her, saying, "The princess meant to
say that after she had landed at Malaga the first
place where she heard of your worship was
Osuna."
"That is what I meant to say," said Dorothea.
"And that would be only natural," said the
curate. "Will your majesty please proceed?"
"There is no more to add," said Dorothea,
"save that in finding Don Quixote I have had
such good fortune, that I already reckon and
regard myself queen and mistress of my entire
dominions, since of his courtesy and magnani-
mity he has granted me the boon of accompan-
ying me whithersoever I may conduct him,
which will be only to bring him face to face
with Pandafilando of the Scowl, that he may
slay him and restore to me what has been un-
justly usurped by him: for all this must come to
pass satisfactorily since my good father Tina-
crio the Sapient foretold it, who likewise left it
declared in writing in Chaldee or Greek charac-
ters (for I cannot read them), that if this predic-
ted knight, after having cut the giant's throat,
should be disposed to marry me I was to offer
myself at once without demur as his lawful
wife, and yield him possession of my kingdom
together with my person."
"What thinkest thou now, friend Sancho?"
said Don Quixote at this. "Hearest thou that?
Did I not tell thee so? See how we have already
got a kingdom to govern and a queen to ma-
rry!"
"On my oath it is so," said Sancho; "and foul
fortune to him who won't marry after slitting
Senor Pandahilado's windpipe! And then, how
ill-favoured the queen is! I wish the fleas in my
bed were that sort!"
And so saying he cut a couple of capers in
the air with every sign of extreme satisfaction,
and then ran to seize the bridle of Dorothea's
mule, and checking it fell on his knees before
her, begging her to give him her hand to kiss in
token of his acknowledgment of her as his que-
en and mistress. Which of the bystanders could
have helped laughing to see the madness of the
master and the simplicity of the servant? Do-
rothea therefore gave her hand, and promised
to make him a great lord in her kingdom, when
Heaven should be so good as to permit her to
recover and enjoy it, for which Sancho returned
thanks in words that set them all laughing
again.
"This, sirs," continued Dorothea, "is my sto-
ry; it only remains to tell you that of all the at-
tendants I took with me from my kingdom I
have none left except this well-bearded squire,
for all were drowned in a great tempest we
encountered when in sight of port; and he and I
came to land on a couple of planks as if by a
miracle; and indeed the whole course of my life
is a miracle and a mystery as you may have
observed; and if I have been over minute in any
respect or not as precise as I ought, let it be ac-
counted for by what the licentiate said at the
beginning of my tale, that constant and excessi-
ve troubles deprive the sufferers of their me-
mory."
"They shall not deprive me of mine, exalted
and worthy princess," said Don Quixote,
"however great and unexampled those which I
shall endure in your service may be; and here I
confirm anew the boon I have promised you,
and I swear to go with you to the end of the
world until I find myself in the presence of
your fierce enemy, whose haughty head I trust
by the aid of my arm to cut off with the edge of
this—I will not say good sword, thanks to Gi-
nes de Pasamonte who carried away mine"—
(this he said between his teeth, and then conti-
nued), "and when it has been cut off and you
have been put in peaceful possession of your
realm it shall be left to your own decision to
dispose of your person as may be most pleasing
to you; for so long as my memory is occupied,
my will enslaved, and my understanding enth-
ralled by her-I say no more—it is impossible for
me for a moment to contemplate marriage,
even with a Phoenix."
The last words of his master about not wan-
ting to marry were so disagreeable to Sancho
that raising his voice he exclaimed with great
irritation:
"By my oath, Senor Don Quixote, you are
not in your right senses; for how can your
worship possibly object to marrying such an
exalted princess as this? Do you think Fortune
will offer you behind every stone such a piece
of luck as is offered you now? Is my lady Dul-
cinea fairer, perchance? Not she; nor half as
fair; and I will even go so far as to say she does
not come up to the shoe of this one here. A po-
or chance I have of getting that county I am
waiting for if your worship goes looking for
dainties in the bottom of the sea. In the devil's
name, marry, marry, and take this kingdom
that comes to hand without any trouble, and
when you are king make me a marquis or go-
vernor of a province, and for the rest let the
devil take it all."
Don Quixote, when he heard such blasp-
hemies uttered against his lady Dulcinea, could
not endure it, and lifting his pike, without sa-
ying anything to Sancho or uttering a word, he
gave him two such thwacks that he brought
him to the ground; and had it not been that
Dorothea cried out to him to spare him he
would have no doubt taken his life on the spot.
"Do you think," he said to him after a pause,
"you scurvy clown, that you are to be always
interfering with me, and that you are to be al-
ways offending and I always pardoning? Don't
fancy it, impious scoundrel, for that beyond a
doubt thou art, since thou hast set thy tongue
going against the peerless Dulcinea. Know you
not, lout, vagabond, beggar, that were it not for
the might that she infuses into my arm I should
not have strength enough to kill a flea? Say,
scoffer with a viper's tongue, what think you
has won this kingdom and cut off this giant's
head and made you a marquis (for all this I
count as already accomplished and decided),
but the might of Dulcinea, employing my arm
as the instrument of her achievements? She
fights in me and conquers in me, and I live and
breathe in her, and owe my life and being to
her. O whoreson scoundrel, how ungrateful
you are, you see yourself raised from the dust
of the earth to be a titled lord, and the return
you make for so great a benefit is to speak evil
of her who has conferred it upon you!"
Sancho was not so stunned but that he heard
all his master said, and rising with some degree
of nimbleness he ran to place himself behind
Dorothea's palfrey, and from that position he
said to his master:
 "Tell me, senor; if your worship is resolved
not to marry this great princess, it is plain the
kingdom will not be yours; and not being so,
how can you bestow favours upon me? That is
what I complain of. Let your worship at any
rate marry this queen, now that we have got
her here as if showered down from heaven, and
afterwards you may go back to my lady Dulci-
nea; for there must have been kings in the
world who kept mistresses. As to beauty, I
have nothing to do with it; and if the truth is to
be told, I like them both; though I have never
seen the lady Dulcinea."
"How! never seen her, blasphemous traitor!"
exclaimed Don Quixote; "hast thou not just
now brought me a message from her?"
"I mean," said Sancho, "that I did not see her
so much at my leisure that I could take particu-
lar notice of her beauty, or of her charms pie-
cemeal; but taken in the lump I like her."
"Now I forgive thee," said Don Quixote;
"and do thou forgive me the injury I have done
thee; for our first impulses are not in our con-
trol."
"That I see," replied Sancho, "and with me
the wish to speak is always the first impulse,
and I cannot help saying, once at any rate, what
I have on the tip of my tongue."
"For all that, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "ta-
ke heed of what thou sayest, for the pitcher
goes so often to the well—I need say no more to
thee."
"Well, well," said Sancho, "God is in heaven,
and sees all tricks, and will judge who does
most harm, I in not speaking right, or your
worship in not doing it."
"That is enough," said Dorothea; "run, San-
cho, and kiss your lord's hand and beg his par-
don, and henceforward be more circumspect
with your praise and abuse; and say nothing in
disparagement of that lady Toboso, of whom I
know nothing save that I am her servant; and
put your trust in God, for you will not fail to
obtain some dignity so as to live like a prince."
 Sancho advanced hanging his head and
begged his master's hand, which Don Quixote
with dignity presented to him, giving him his
blessing as soon as he had kissed it; he then
bade him go on ahead a little, as he had ques-
tions to ask him and matters of great importan-
ce to discuss with him. Sancho obeyed, and
when the two had gone some distance in ad-
vance Don Quixote said to him, "Since thy re-
turn I have had no opportunity or time to ask
thee many particulars touching thy mission and
the answer thou hast brought back, and now
that chance has granted us the time and oppor-
tunity, deny me not the happiness thou canst
give me by such good news."
"Let your worship ask what you will," ans-
wered Sancho, "for I shall find a way out of all
as as I found a way in; but I implore you, senor,
not not to be so revengeful in future."
"Why dost thou say that, Sancho?" said Don
Quixote.
 "I say it," he returned, "because those blows
just now were more because of the quarrel the
devil stirred up between us both the other
night, than for what I said against my lady
Dulcinea, whom I love and reverence as I
would a relic—though there is nothing of that
about her—merely as something belonging to
your worship."
"Say no more on that subject for thy life,
Sancho," said Don Quixote, "for it is displeasing
to me; I have already pardoned thee for that,
and thou knowest the common saying, 'for a
fresh sin a fresh penance.'"
While this was going on they saw coming
along the road they were following a man
mounted on an ass, who when he came close
seemed to be a gipsy; but Sancho Panza, whose
eyes and heart were there wherever he saw
asses, no sooner beheld the man than he knew
him to be Gines de Pasamonte; and by the thre-
ad of the gipsy he got at the ball, his ass, for it
was, in fact, Dapple that carried Pasamonte,
who to escape recognition and to sell the ass
had disguised himself as a gipsy, being able to
speak the gipsy language, and many more, as
well as if they were his own. Sancho saw him
and recognised him, and the instant he did so
he shouted to him, "Ginesillo, you thief, give up
my treasure, release my life, embarrass thyself
not with my repose, quit my ass, leave my de-
light, be off, rip, get thee gone, thief, and give
up what is not thine."
There was no necessity for so many words
or objurgations, for at the first one Gines jum-
ped down, and at a like racing speed made off
and got clear of them all. Sancho hastened to
his Dapple, and embracing him he said, "How
hast thou fared, my blessing, Dapple of my
eyes, my comrade?" all the while kissing him
and caressing him as if he were a human being.
The ass held his peace, and let himself be kissed
and caressed by Sancho without answering a
single word. They all came up and congratula-
ted him on having found Dapple, Don Quixote
especially, who told him that notwithstanding
this he would not cancel the order for the three
ass-colts, for which Sancho thanked him.
While the two had been going along conver-
sing in this fashion, the curate observed to Do-
rothea that she had shown great cleverness, as
well in the story itself as in its conciseness, and
the resemblance it bore to those of the books of
chivalry. She said that she had many times
amused herself reading them; but that she did
not know the situation of the provinces or sea-
ports, and so she had said at haphazard that
she had landed at Osuna.
"So I saw," said the curate, "and for that rea-
son I made haste to say what I did, by which it
was all set right. But is it not a strange thing to
see how readily this unhappy gentleman belie-
ves all these figments and lies, simply because
they are in the style and manner of the absurdi-
ties of his books?"
"So it is," said Cardenio; "and so uncommon
and unexampled, that were one to attempt to
invent and concoct it in fiction, I doubt if there
be any wit keen enough to imagine it."
"But another strange thing about it," said the
curate, "is that, apart from the silly things
which this worthy gentleman says in connec-
tion with his craze, when other subjects are
dealt with, he can discuss them in a perfectly
rational manner, showing that his mind is quite
clear and composed; so that, provided his chi-
valry is not touched upon, no one would take
him to be anything but a man of thoroughly
sound understanding."
While they were holding this conversation
Don Quixote continued his with
Sancho, saying:
"Friend Panza, let us forgive and forget as to
our quarrels, and tell me now, dismissing anger
and irritation, where, how, and when didst
thou find Dulcinea? What was she doing? What
didst thou say to her? What did she answer?
How did she look when she was reading my
letter? Who copied it out for thee? and everyt-
hing in the matter that seems to thee worth
knowing, asking, and learning; neither adding
nor falsifying to give me pleasure, nor yet cur-
tailing lest you should deprive me of it."
"Senor," replied Sancho, "if the truth is to be
told, nobody copied out the letter for me, for I
carried no letter at all."
"It is as thou sayest," said Don Quixote, "for
the note-book in which I wrote it I found in my
own possession two days after thy departure,
which gave me very great vexation, as I knew
not what thou wouldst do on finding thyself
without any letter; and I made sure thou
wouldst return from the place where thou didst
first miss it."
"So I should have done," said Sancho, "if I
had not got it by heart when your worship read
it to me, so that I repeated it to a sacristan, who
copied it out for me from hearing it, so exactly
that he said in all the days of his life, though he
had read many a letter of excommunication, he
had never seen or read so pretty a letter as
that."
"And hast thou got it still in thy memory,
Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
"No, senor," replied Sancho, "for as soon as I
had repeated it, seeing there was no further use
for it, I set about forgetting it; and if I recollect
any of it, it is that about 'Scrubbing,'I mean to
say 'Sovereign Lady,' and the end 'Yours till
death, the Knight of the Rueful Countenance;'
and between these two I put into it more than
three hundred 'my souls' and 'my life's' and 'my
eyes."

CHAPTER XXXI.

OF THE DELECTABLE DISCUS-

SION BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND
SANCHO PANZA, HIS SQUIRE, TO-
GETHER WITH OTHER INCIDENTS

"All that is not unsatisfactory to me," said

Don Quixote. "Go on; thou didst reach her; and
what was that queen of beauty doing? Surely
thou didst find her stringing pearls, or embroi-
dering some device in gold thread for this her
enslaved knight."
"I did not," said Sancho, "but I found her
winnowing two bushels of wheat in the yard of
her house."
"Then depend upon it," said Don Quixote,
"the grains of that wheat were pearls when tou-
ched by her hands; and didst thou look, friend?
was it white wheat or brown?"
"It was neither, but red," said Sancho.
"Then I promise thee," said Don Quixote,
"that, winnowed by her hands, beyond a doubt
the bread it made was of the whitest; but go on;
when thou gavest her my letter, did she kiss it?
Did she place it on her head? Did she perform
any ceremony befitting it, or what did she do?"
"When I went to give it to her," replied San-
cho, "she was hard at it swaying from side to
side with a lot of wheat she had in the sieve,
and she said to me, 'Lay the letter, friend, on
the top of that sack, for I cannot read it until I
have done sifting all this."
"Discreet lady!" said Don Quixote; "that was
in order to read it at her leisure and enjoy it;
proceed, Sancho; while she was engaged in her
occupation what converse did she hold with
thee? What did she ask about me, and what
answer didst thou give? Make haste; tell me all,
and let not an atom be left behind in the ink-
bottle."
"She asked me nothing," said Sancho; "but I
told her how your worship was left doing pe-
nance in her service, naked from the waist up,
in among these mountains like a savage, slee-
ping on the ground, not eating bread off a ta-
blecloth nor combing your beard, weeping and
cursing your fortune."
"In saying I cursed my fortune thou saidst
wrong," said Don Quixote; "for rather do I bless
it and shall bless it all the days of my life for
having made me worthy of aspiring to love so
lofty a lady as Dulcinea del Toboso."
"And so lofty she is," said Sancho, "that she
overtops me by more than a hand's-breadth."
"What! Sancho," said Don Quixote, "didst
thou measure with her?"
"I measured in this way," said Sancho;
"going to help her to put a sack of wheat on the
back of an ass, we came so close together that I
could see she stood more than a good palm
over me."
"Well!" said Don Quixote, "and doth she not
of a truth accompany and adorn this greatness
with a thousand million charms of mind! But
one thing thou wilt not deny, Sancho; when
thou camest close to her didst thou not perceive
a Sabaean odour, an aromatic fragrance, a, I
know not what, delicious, that I cannot find a
name for; I mean a redolence, an exhalation, as
if thou wert in the shop of some dainty glover?"
"All I can say is," said Sancho, "that I did
perceive a little odour, something goaty; it
must have been that she was all in a sweat with
hard work."
"It could not be that," said Don Quixote, "but
thou must have been suffering from cold in the
head, or must have smelt thyself; for I know
well what would be the scent of that rose
among thorns, that lily of the field, that dissol-
ved amber."
"Maybe so," replied Sancho; "there often co-
mes from myself that same odour which then
seemed to me to come from her grace the lady
Dulcinea; but that's no wonder, for one devil is
like another."
"Well then," continued Don Quixote, "now
she has done sifting the corn and sent it to the
mill; what did she do when she read the letter?"
 "As for the letter," said Sancho, "she did not
read it, for she said she could neither read nor
write; instead of that she tore it up into small
pieces, saying that she did not want to let an-
yone read it lest her secrets should become
known in the village, and that what I had told
her by word of mouth about the love your
worship bore her, and the extraordinary pe-
nance you were doing for her sake, was
enough; and, to make an end of it, she told me
to tell your worship that she kissed your hands,
and that she had a greater desire to see you
than to write to you; and that therefore she en-
treated and commanded you, on sight of this
present, to come out of these thickets, and to
have done with carrying on absurdities, and to
set out at once for El Toboso, unless something
else of greater importance should happen, for
she had a great desire to see your worship. She
laughed greatly when I told her how your
worship was called The Knight of the Rueful
Countenance; I asked her if that Biscayan the
other day had been there; and she told me he
had, and that he was an honest fellow; I asked
her too about the galley slaves, but she said she
had not seen any as yet."
"So far all goes well," said Don Quixote; "but
tell me what jewel was it that she gave thee on
taking thy leave, in return for thy tidings of
me? For it is a usual and ancient custom with
knights and ladies errant to give the squires,
damsels, or dwarfs who bring tidings of their
ladies to the knights, or of their knights to the
ladies, some rich jewel as a guerdon for good
news,' and acknowledgment of the message."
"That is very likely," said Sancho, "and a go-
od custom it was, to my mind; but that must
have been in days gone by, for now it would
seem to be the custom only to give a piece of
bread and cheese; because that was what my
lady Dulcinea gave me over the top of the yard-
wall when I took leave of her; and more by to-
ken it was sheep's-milk cheese."
 "She is generous in the extreme," said Don
Quixote, "and if she did not give thee a jewel of
gold, no doubt it must have been because she
had not one to hand there to give thee; but
sleeves are good after Easter; I shall see her and
all shall be made right. But knowest thou what
amazes me, Sancho? It seems to me thou must
have gone and come through the air, for thou
hast taken but little more than three days to go
to El Toboso and return, though it is more than
thirty leagues from here to there. From which I
am inclined to think that the sage magician
who is my friend, and watches over my inte-
rests (for of necessity there is and must be one,
or else I should not be a right knight-errant),
that this same, I say, must have helped thee to
travel without thy knowledge; for some of the-
se sages will catch up a knight-errant sleeping
in his bed, and without his knowing how or in
what way it happened, he wakes up the next
day more than a thousand leagues away from
the place where he went to sleep. And if it were
not for this, knights-errant would not be able to
give aid to one another in peril, as they do at
every turn. For a knight, maybe, is fighting in
the mountains of Armenia with some dragon,
or fierce serpent, or another knight, and gets
the worst of the battle, and is at the point of
death; but when he least looks for it, there ap-
pears over against him on a cloud, or chariot of
fire, another knight, a friend of his, who just
before had been in England, and who takes his
part, and delivers him from death; and at night
he finds himself in his own quarters supping
very much to his satisfaction; and yet from one
place to the other will have been two or three
thousand leagues. And all this is done by the
craft and skill of the sage enchanters who take
care of those valiant knights; so that, friend
Sancho, I find no difficulty in believing that
thou mayest have gone from this place to El
Toboso and returned in such a short time, sin-
ce, as I have said, some friendly sage must have
carried thee through the air without thee per-
ceiving it."
"That must have been it," said Sancho, "for
indeed Rocinante went like a gipsy's ass with
quicksilver in his ears."
"Quicksilver!" said Don Quixote, "aye and
what is more, a legion of devils, folk that can
travel and make others travel without being
weary, exactly as the whim seizes them. But
putting this aside, what thinkest thou I ought to
do about my lady's command to go and see
her? For though I feel that I am bound to obey
her mandate, I feel too that I am debarred by
the boon I have accorded to the princess that
accompanies us, and the law of chivalry com-
pels me to have regard for my word in prefe-
rence to my inclination; on the one hand the
desire to see my lady pursues and harasses me,
on the other my solemn promise and the glory I
shall win in this enterprise urge and call me;
but what I think I shall do is to travel with all
speed and reach quickly the place where this
giant is, and on my arrival I shall cut off his
head, and establish the princess peacefully in
her realm, and forthwith I shall return to be-
hold the light that lightens my senses, to whom
I shall make such excuses that she will be led to
approve of my delay, for she will see that it
entirely tends to increase her glory and fame;
for all that I have won, am winning, or shall
win by arms in this life, comes to me of the fa-
vour she extends to me, and because I am hers."
"Ah! what a sad state your worship's brains
are in!" said Sancho. "Tell me, senor, do you
mean to travel all that way for nothing, and to
let slip and lose so rich and great a match as
this where they give as a portion a kingdom
that in sober truth I have heard say is more
than twenty thousand leagues round about,
and abounds with all things necessary to sup-
port human life, and is bigger than Portugal
and Castile put together? Peace, for the love of
God! Blush for what you have said, and take
my advice, and forgive me, and marry at once
in the first village where there is a curate; if not,
here is our licentiate who will do the business
beautifully; remember, I am old enough to give
advice, and this I am giving comes pat to the
purpose; for a sparrow in the hand is better
than a vulture on the wing, and he who has the
good to his hand and chooses the bad, that the
good he complains of may not come to him."
"Look here, Sancho," said Don Quixote. "If
thou art advising me to marry, in order that
immediately on slaying the giant I may become
king, and be able to confer favours on thee, and
give thee what I have promised, let me tell thee
I shall be able very easily to satisfy thy desires
without marrying; for before going into battle I
will make it a stipulation that, if I come out of it
victorious, even I do not marry, they shall give
me a portion portion of the kingdom, that I
may bestow it upon whomsoever I choose, and
when they give it to me upon whom wouldst
thou have me bestow it but upon thee?"
 "That is plain speaking," said Sancho; "but
let your worship take care to choose it on the
seacoast, so that if I don't like the life, I may be
able to ship off my black vassals and deal with
them as I have said; don't mind going to see my
lady Dulcinea now, but go and kill this giant
and let us finish off this business; for by God it
strikes me it will be one of great honour and
great profit."
"I hold thou art in the right of it, Sancho,"
said Don Quixote, "and I will take thy advice as
to accompanying the princess before going to
see Dulcinea; but I counsel thee not to say
anything to any one, or to those who are with
us, about what we have considered and discus-
sed, for as Dulcinea is so decorous that she does
not wish her thoughts to be known it is not
right that I or anyone for me should disclose
them."
"Well then, if that be so," said Sancho, "how
is it that your worship makes all those you
overcome by your arm go to present themsel-
ves before my lady Dulcinea, this being the
same thing as signing your name to it that you
love her and are her lover? And as those who
go must perforce kneel before her and say they
come from your worship to submit themselves
to her, how can the thoughts of both of you be
hid?"
"O, how silly and simple thou art!" said Don
Quixote; "seest thou not, Sancho, that this tends
to her greater exaltation? For thou must know
that according to our way of thinking in chival-
ry, it is a high honour to a lady to have many
knights-errant in her service, whose thoughts
never go beyond serving her for her own sake,
and who look for no other reward for their gre-
at and true devotion than that she should be
willing to accept them as her knights."
"It is with that kind of love," said Sancho, "I
have heard preachers say we ought to love our
Lord, for himself alone, without being moved
by the hope of glory or the fear of punishment;
though for my part, I would rather love and
serve him for what he could do."
"The devil take thee for a clown!" said Don
Quixote, "and what shrewd things thou sayest
at times! One would think thou hadst studied."
"In faith, then, I cannot even read."
Master Nicholas here called out to them to
wait a while, as they wanted to halt and drink
at a little spring there was there. Don Quixote
drew up, not a little to the satisfaction of San-
cho, for he was by this time weary of telling so
many lies, and in dread of his master catching
him tripping, for though he knew that Dulcinea
was a peasant girl of El Toboso, he had never
seen her in all his life. Cardenio had now put
on the clothes which Dorothea was wearing
when they found her, and though they were
not very good, they were far better than those
he put off. They dismounted together by the
side of the spring, and with what the curate
had provided himself with at the inn they ap-
peased, though not very well, the keen appetite
they all of them brought with them.
While they were so employed there happe-
ned to come by a youth passing on his way,
who stopping to examine the party at the
spring, the next moment ran to Don Quixote
and clasping him round the legs, began to we-
ep freely, saying, "O, senor, do you not know
me? Look at me well; I am that lad Andres that
your worship released from the oak-tree where
I was tied."
Don Quixote recognised him, and taking his
hand he turned to those present and said: "That
your worships may see how important it is to
have knights-errant to redress the wrongs and
injuries done by tyrannical and wicked men in
this world, I may tell you that some days ago
passing through a wood, I heard cries and pite-
ous complaints as of a person in pain and di-
stress; I immediately hastened, impelled by my
bounden duty, to the quarter whence the plain-
tive accents seemed to me to proceed, and I
found tied to an oak this lad who now stands
before you, which in my heart I rejoice at, for
his testimony will not permit me to depart from
the truth in any particular. He was, I say, tied
to an oak, naked from the waist up, and a
clown, whom I afterwards found to be his mas-
ter, was scarifying him by lashes with the reins
of his mare. As soon as I saw him I asked the
reason of so cruel a flagellation. The boor re-
plied that he was flogging him because he was
his servant and because of carelessness that
proceeded rather from dishonesty than stupidi-
ty; on which this boy said, 'Senor, he flogs me
only because I ask for my wages.' The master
made I know not what speeches and explana-
tions, which, though I listened to them, I did
not accept. In short, I compelled the clown to
unbind him, and to swear he would take him
with him, and pay him real by real, and perfu-
med into the bargain. Is not all this true, An-
dres my son? Didst thou not mark with what
authority I commanded him, and with what
humility he promised to do all I enjoined, spe-
cified, and required of him? Answer without
hesitation; tell these gentlemen what took pla-
ce, that they may see that it is as great an ad-
vantage as I say to have knights-errant abroad."
"All that your worship has said is quite
true," answered the lad; "but the end of the bu-
siness turned out just the opposite of what your
worship supposes."
"How! the opposite?" said Don Quixote; "did
not the clown pay thee then?"
"Not only did he not pay me," replied the
lad, "but as soon as your worship had passed
out of the wood and we were alone, he tied me
up again to the same oak and gave me a fresh
flogging, that left me like a flayed Saint Bart-
holomew; and every stroke he gave me he fo-
llowed up with some jest or gibe about having
made a fool of your worship, and but for the
pain I was suffering I should have laughed at
the things he said. In short he left me in such a
condition that I have been until now in a hospi-
tal getting cured of the injuries which that ras-
cally clown inflicted on me then; for all which
your worship is to blame; for if you had gone
your own way and not come where there was
no call for you, nor meddled in other people's
affairs, my master would have been content
with giving me one or two dozen lashes, and
would have then loosed me and paid me what
he owed me; but when your worship abused
him so out of measure, and gave him so many
hard words, his anger was kindled; and as he
could not revenge himself on you, as soon as he
saw you had left him the storm burst upon me
in such a way, that I feel as if I should never be
a man again."
"The mischief," said Don Quixote, "lay in my
going away; for I should not have gone until I
had seen thee paid; because I ought to have
known well by long experience that there is no
clown who will keep his word if he finds it will
not suit him to keep it; but thou rememberest,
Andres, that I swore if he did not pay thee I
would go and seek him, and find him though
he were to hide himself in the whale's belly."
"That is true," said Andres; "but it was of no
use."
"Thou shalt see now whether it is of use or
not," said Don Quixote; and so saying, he got
up hastily and bade Sancho bridle Rocinante,
who was browsing while they were eating. Do-
rothea asked him what he meant to do. He re-
plied that he meant to go in search of this
clown and chastise him for such iniquitous
conduct, and see Andres paid to the last mara-
vedi, despite and in the teeth of all the clowns
in the world. To which she replied that he must
remember that in accordance with his promise
he could not engage in any enterprise until he
had concluded hers; and that as he knew this
better than anyone, he should restrain his ar-
dour until his return from her kingdom.
"That is true," said Don Quixote, "and An-
dres must have patience until my return as you
say, senora; but I once more swear and promise
not to stop until I have seen him avenged and
paid."
"I have no faith in those oaths," said Andres;
"I would rather have now something to help
me to get to Seville than all the revenges in the
world; if you have here anything to eat that I
can take with me, give it me, and God be with
your worship and all knights-errant; and may
their errands turn out as well for themselves as
they have for me."
Sancho took out from his store a piece of
bread and another of cheese, and giving them
to the lad he said, "Here, take this, brother An-
dres, for we have all of us a share in your mis-
fortune."
"Why, what share have you got?"
"This share of bread and cheese I am giving
you," answered Sancho; "and God knows
whether I shall feel the want of it myself or not;
for I would have you know, friend, that we
squires to knights-errant have to bear a great
deal of hunger and hard fortune, and even ot-
her things more easily felt than told."
Andres seized his bread and cheese, and se-
eing that nobody gave him anything more, bent
his head, and took hold of the road, as the sa-
ying is. However, before leaving he said, "For
the love of God, sir knight-errant, if you ever
meet me again, though you may see them cut-
ting me to pieces, give me no aid or succour,
but leave me to my misfortune, which will not
be so great but that a greater will come to me
by being helped by your worship, on whom
and all the knights-errant that have ever been
born God send his curse."
Don Quixote was getting up to chastise him,
but he took to his heels at such a pace that no
one attempted to follow him; and mightily
chapfallen was Don Quixote at Andres' story,
and the others had to take great care to restrain
their laughter so as not to put him entirely out
of countenance.
 CHAPTER XXXII.

WHICH TREATS OF WHAT BEFELL

DON QUIXOTE'S PARTY AT THE INN

Their dainty repast being finished, they

saddled at once, and without any adventure
worth mentioning they reached next day the
inn, the object of Sancho Panza's fear and dre-
ad; but though he would have rather not ente-
red it, there was no help for it. The landlady,
the landlord, their daughter, and Maritornes,
when they saw Don Quixote and Sancho co-
ming, went out to welcome them with signs of
hearty satisfaction, which Don Quixote recei-
ved with dignity and gravity, and bade them
make up a better bed for him than the last time:
to which the landlady replied that if he paid
better than he did the last time she would give
him one fit for a prince. Don Quixote said he
would, so they made up a tolerable one for him
in the same garret as before; and he lay down at
once, being sorely shaken and in want of sleep.
No sooner was the door shut upon him than
the landlady made at the barber, and seizing
him by the beard, said:
"By my faith you are not going to make a
beard of my tail any longer; you must give me
back tail, for it is a shame the way that thing of
my husband's goes tossing about on the floor; I
mean the comb that I used to stick in my good
tail."
But for all she tugged at it the barber would
not give it up until the licentiate told him to let
her have it, as there was now no further occa-
sion for that stratagem, because he might decla-
re himself and appear in his own character, and
tell Don Quixote that he had fled to this inn
when those thieves the galley slaves robbed
him; and should he ask for the princess's squi-
re, they could tell him that she had sent him on
before her to give notice to the people of her
kingdom that she was coming, and bringing
with her the deliverer of them all. On this the
barber cheerfully restored the tail to the landla-
dy, and at the same time they returned all the
accessories they had borrowed to effect Don
Quixote's deliverance. All the people of the inn
were struck with astonishment at the beauty of
Dorothea, and even at the comely figure of the
shepherd Cardenio. The curate made them get
ready such fare as there was in the inn, and the
landlord, in hope of better payment, served
them up a tolerably good dinner. All this time
Don Quixote was asleep, and they thought it
best not to waken him, as sleeping would now
do him more good than eating.
While at dinner, the company consisting of
the landlord, his wife, their daughter, Maritor-
nes, and all the travellers, they discussed the
strange craze of Don Quixote and the manner
in which he had been found; and the landlady
told them what had taken place between him
and the carrier; and then, looking round to see
if Sancho was there, when she saw he was not,
she gave them the whole story of his blanke-
ting, which they received with no little amuse-
ment. But on the curate observing that it was
the books of chivalry which Don Quixote had
read that had turned his brain, the landlord
said:
"I cannot understand how that can be, for in
truth to my mind there is no better reading in
the world, and I have here two or three of
them, with other writings that are the very life,
not only of myself but of plenty more; for when
it is harvest-time, the reapers flock here on
holidays, and there is always one among them
who can read and who takes up one of these
books, and we gather round him, thirty or more
of us, and stay listening to him with a delight
that makes our grey hairs grow young again.
At least I can say for myself that when I hear of
what furious and terrible blows the knights
deliver, I am seized with the longing to do the
same, and I would like to be hearing about
them night and day."
"And I just as much," said the landlady, "be-
cause I never have a quiet moment in my house
except when you are listening to some one rea-
ding; for then you are so taken up that for the
time being you forget to scold."
"That is true," said Maritornes; "and, faith, I
relish hearing these things greatly too, for they
are very pretty; especially when they describe
some lady or another in the arms of her knight
under the orange trees, and the duenna who is
keeping watch for them half dead with envy
and fright; all this I say is as good as honey."
"And you, what do you think, young lady?"
said the curate turning to the landlord's daugh-
ter.
"I don't know indeed, senor," said she; "I lis-
ten too, and to tell the truth, though I do not
understand it, I like hearing it; but it is not the
blows that my father likes that I like, but the
laments the knights utter when they are separa-
ted from their ladies; and indeed they someti-
mes make me weep with the pity I feel for
them."
"Then you would console them if it was for
you they wept, young lady?" said Dorothea.
"I don't know what I should do," said the
girl; "I only know that there are some of those
ladies so cruel that they call their knights tigers
and lions and a thousand other foul names: and
Jesus! I don't know what sort of folk they can
be, so unfeeling and heartless, that rather than
bestow a glance upon a worthy man they leave
him to die or go mad. I don't know what is the
good of such prudery; if it is for honour's sake,
why not marry them? That's all they want."
"Hush, child," said the landlady; "it seems to
me thou knowest a great deal about these
things, and it is not fit for girls to know or talk
so much."
"As the gentleman asked me, I could not
help answering him," said the girl.
 "Well then," said the curate, "bring me these
books, senor landlord, for
I should like to see them."
"With all my heart," said he, and going into
his own room he brought out an old valise se-
cured with a little chain, on opening which the
curate found in it three large books and some
manuscripts written in a very good hand. The
first that he opened he found to be "Don Ciron-
gilio of Thrace," and the second "Don Felixmar-
te of Hircania," and the other the "History of
the Great Captain Gonzalo Hernandez de Cor-
dova, with the Life of Diego Garcia de Pare-
des."
When the curate read the two first titles he
looked over at the barber and said, "We want
my friend's housekeeper and niece here now."
"Nay," said the barber, "I can do just as well
to carry them to the yard or to the hearth, and
there is a very good fire there."
"What! your worship would burn my bo-
oks!" said the landlord.
 "Only these two," said the curate, "Don Ci-
rongilio, and Felixmarte."
"Are my books, then, heretics or phlegmaties
that you want to burn them?" said the landlord.
"Schismatics you mean, friend," said the
barber, "not phlegmatics."
"That's it," said the landlord; "but if you
want to burn any, let it be that about the Great
Captain and that Diego Garcia; for I would rat-
her have a child of mine burnt than either of the
others."
"Brother," said the curate, "those two books
are made up of lies, and are full of folly and
nonsense; but this of the Great Captain is a true
history, and contains the deeds of Gonzalo
Hernandez of Cordova, who by his many and
great achievements earned the title all over the
world of the Great Captain, a famous and illus-
trious name, and deserved by him alone; and
this Diego Garcia de Paredes was a distinguis-
hed knight of the city of Trujillo in Estremadu-
ra, a most gallant soldier, and of such bodily
strength that with one finger he stopped a mill-
wheel in full motion; and posted with a two-
handed sword at the foot of a bridge he kept
the whole of an immense army from passing
over it, and achieved such other exploits that if,
instead of his relating them himself with the
modesty of a knight and of one writing his own
history, some free and unbiassed writer had
recorded them, they would have thrown into
the shade all the deeds of the Hectors, Achille-
ses, and Rolands."
"Tell that to my father," said the landlord.
"There's a thing to be astonished at! Stopping a
mill-wheel! By God your worship should read
what I have read of Felixmarte of Hircania,
how with one single backstroke he cleft five
giants asunder through the middle as if they
had been made of bean-pods like the little friars
the children make; and another time he attac-
ked a very great and powerful army, in which
there were more than a million six hundred
thousand soldiers, all armed from head to foot,
and he routed them all as if they had been
flocks of sheep.
"And then, what do you say to the good Ci-
rongilio of Thrace, that was so stout and bold;
as may be seen in the book, where it is related
that as he was sailing along a river there came
up out of the midst of the water against him a
fiery serpent, and he, as soon as he saw it, flung
himself upon it and got astride of its scaly
shoulders, and squeezed its throat with both
hands with such force that the serpent, finding
he was throttling it, had nothing for it but to let
itself sink to the bottom of the river, carrying
with it the knight who would not let go his
hold; and when they got down there he found
himself among palaces and gardens so pretty
that it was a wonder to see; and then the ser-
pent changed itself into an old ancient man,
who told him such things as were never heard.
Hold your peace, senor; for if you were to hear
this you would go mad with delight. A couple
of figs for your Great Captain and your Diego
Garcia!"
Hearing this Dorothea said in a whisper to
Cardenio, "Our landlord is almost fit to play a
second part to Don Quixote."
"I think so," said Cardenio, "for, as he shows,
he accepts it as a certainty that everything those
books relate took place exactly as it is written
down; and the barefooted friars themselves
would not persuade him to the contrary."
"But consider, brother," said the curate once
more, "there never was any Felixmarte of Hir-
cania in the world, nor any Cirongilio of Thra-
ce, or any of the other knights of the same sort,
that the books of chivalry talk of; the whole
thing is the fabrication and invention of idle
wits, devised by them for the purpose you des-
cribe of beguiling the time, as your reapers do
when they read; for I swear to you in all se-
riousness there never were any such knights in
the world, and no such exploits or nonsense
ever happened anywhere."
 "Try that bone on another dog," said the
landlord; "as if I did not know how many make
five, and where my shoe pinches me; don't
think to feed me with pap, for by God I am no
fool. It is a good joke for your worship to try
and persuade me that everything these good
books say is nonsense and lies, and they prin-
ted by the license of the Lords of the Royal
Council, as if they were people who would
allow such a lot of lies to be printed all toget-
her, and so many battles and enchantments that
they take away one's senses."
"I have told you, friend," said the curate,
"that this is done to divert our idle thoughts;
and as in well-ordered states games of chess,
fives, and billiards are allowed for the diver-
sion of those who do not care, or are not obli-
ged, or are unable to work, so books of this
kind are allowed to be printed, on the supposi-
tion that, what indeed is the truth, there can be
nobody so ignorant as to take any of them for
true stories; and if it were permitted me now,
and the present company desired it, I could say
something about the qualities books of chivalry
should possess to be good ones, that would be
to the advantage and even to the taste of some;
but I hope the time will come when I can com-
municate my ideas to some one who may be
able to mend matters; and in the meantime,
senor landlord, believe what I have said, and
take your books, and make up your mind about
their truth or falsehood, and much good may
they do you; and God grant you may not fall
lame of the same foot your guest Don Quixote
halts on."
"No fear of that," returned the landlord; "I
shall not be so mad as to make a knight-errant
of myself; for I see well enough that things are
not now as they used to be in those days, when
they say those famous knights roamed about
the world."
Sancho had made his appearance in the
middle of this conversation, and he was very
much troubled and cast down by what he
heard said about knights-errant being now no
longer in vogue, and all books of chivalry being
folly and lies; and he resolved in his heart to
wait and see what came of this journey of his
master's, and if it did not turn out as happily as
his master expected, he determined to leave
him and go back to his wife and children and
his ordinary labour.
The landlord was carrying away the valise
and the books, but the curate said to him,
"Wait; I want to see what those papers are that
are written in such a good hand." The landlord
taking them out handed them to him to read,
and he perceived they were a work of about
eight sheets of manuscript, with, in large letters
at the beginning, the title of "Novel of the Ill-
advised Curiosity." The curate read three or
four lines to himself, and said, "I must say the
title of this novel does not seem to me a bad
one, and I feel an inclination to read it all." To
which the landlord replied, "Then your reve-
rence will do well to read it, for I can tell you
that some guests who have read it here have
been much pleased with it, and have begged it
of me very earnestly; but I would not give it,
meaning to return it to the person who forgot
the valise, books, and papers here, for maybe
he will return here some time or other; and
though I know I shall miss the books, faith I
mean to return them; for though I am an inn-
keeper, still I am a Christian."
"You are very right, friend," said the curate;
"but for all that, if the novel pleases me you
must let me copy it."
"With all my heart," replied the host.
While they were talking Cardenio had taken
up the novel and begun to read it, and forming
the same opinion of it as the curate, he begged
him to read it so that they might all hear it.
"I would read it," said the curate, "if the time
would not be better spent in sleeping."
"It will be rest enough for me," said Dorot-
hea, "to while away the time by listening to
some tale, for my spirits are not yet tranquil
enough to let me sleep when it would be seaso-
nable."
"Well then, in that case," said the curate, "I
will read it, if it were only out of curiosity; per-
haps it may contain something pleasant."
Master Nicholas added his entreaties to the
same effect, and Sancho too; seeing which, and
considering that he would give pleasure to all,
and receive it himself, the curate said, "Well
then, attend to me everyone, for the novel be-
gins thus."

CHAPTER XXXIII.

IN WHICH IS RELATED THE NO-

VEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED CURIO-
SITY"
 In Florence, a rich and famous city of Italy in
the province called Tuscany, there lived two
gentlemen of wealth and quality, Anselmo and
Lothario, such great friends that by way of dis-
tinction they were called by all that knew them
"The Two Friends." They were unmarried,
young, of the same age and of the same tastes,
which was enough to account for the reciprocal
friendship between them. Anselmo, it is true,
was somewhat more inclined to seek pleasure
in love than Lothario, for whom the pleasures
of the chase had more attraction; but on occa-
sion Anselmo would forego his own tastes to
yield to those of Lothario, and Lothario would
surrender his to fall in with those of Anselmo,
and in this way their inclinations kept pace one
with the other with a concord so perfect that
the best regulated clock could not surpass it.
Anselmo was deep in love with a high-born
and beautiful maiden of the same city, the
daughter of parents so estimable, and so esti-
mable herself, that he resolved, with the appro-
val of his friend Lothario, without whom he
did nothing, to ask her of them in marriage,
and did so, Lothario being the bearer of the
demand, and conducting the negotiation so
much to the satisfaction of his friend that in a
short time he was in possession of the object of
his desires, and Camilla so happy in having
won Anselmo for her husband, that she gave
thanks unceasingly to heaven and to Lothario,
by whose means such good fortune had fallen
to her. The first few days, those of a wedding
being usually days of merry-making, Lothario
frequented his friend Anselmo's house as he
had been wont, striving to do honour to him
and to the occasion, and to gratify him in every
way he could; but when the wedding days we-
re over and the succession of visits and congra-
tulations had slackened, he began purposely to
leave off going to the house of Anselmo, for it
seemed to him, as it naturally would to all men
of sense, that friends' houses ought not to be
visited after marriage with the same frequency
as in their masters' bachelor days: because,
though true and genuine friendship cannot and
should not be in any way suspicious, still a ma-
rried man's honour is a thing of such delicacy
that it is held liable to injury from brothers,
much more from friends. Anselmo remarked
the cessation of Lothario's visits, and complai-
ned of it to him, saying that if he had known
that marriage was to keep him from enjoying
his society as he used, he would have never
married; and that, if by the thorough harmony
that subsisted between them while he was a
bachelor they had earned such a sweet name as
that of "The Two Friends," he should not allow
a title so rare and so delightful to be lost
through a needless anxiety to act circumspectly;
and so he entreated him, if such a phrase was
allowable between them, to be once more mas-
ter of his house and to come in and go out as
formerly, assuring him that his wife Camilla
had no other desire or inclination than that
which he would wish her to have, and that
knowing how sincerely they loved one another
she was grieved to see such coldness in him.
To all this and much more that Anselmo
said to Lothario to persuade him to come to his
house as he had been in the habit of doing,
Lothario replied with so much prudence, sense,
and judgment, that Anselmo was satisfied of
his friend's good intentions, and it was agreed
that on two days in the week, and on holidays,
Lothario should come to dine with him; but
though this arrangement was made between
them Lothario resolved to observe it no further
than he considered to be in accordance with the
honour of his friend, whose good name was
more to him than his own. He said, and justly,
that a married man upon whom heaven had
bestowed a beautiful wife should consider as
carefully what friends he brought to his house
as what female friends his wife associated with,
for what cannot be done or arranged in the
market-place, in church, at public festivals or at
stations (opportunities that husbands cannot
always deny their wives), may be easily mana-
ged in the house of the female friend or relative
in whom most confidence is reposed. Lothario
said, too, that every married man should have
some friend who would point out to him any
negligence he might be guilty of in his conduct,
for it will sometimes happen that owing to the
deep affection the husband bears his wife either
he does not caution her, or, not to vex her, re-
frains from telling her to do or not to do certain
things, doing or avoiding which may be a mat-
ter of honour or reproach to him; and errors of
this kind he could easily correct if warned by a
friend. But where is such a friend to be found
as Lothario would have, so judicious, so loyal,
and so true?
Of a truth I know not; Lothario alone was
such a one, for with the utmost care and vigi-
lance he watched over the honour of his friend,
and strove to diminish, cut down, and reduce
the number of days for going to his house ac-
cording to their agreement, lest the visits of a
young man, wealthy, high-born, and with the
attractions he was conscious of possessing, at
the house of a woman so beautiful as Camilla,
should be regarded with suspicion by the in-
quisitive and malicious eyes of the idle public.
For though his integrity and reputation might
bridle slanderous tongues, still he was unwi-
lling to hazard either his own good name or
that of his friend; and for this reason most of
the days agreed upon he devoted to some other
business which he pretended was unavoidable;
so that a great portion of the day was taken up
with complaints on one side and excuses on the
other. It happened, however, that on one occa-
sion when the two were strolling together out-
side the city, Anselmo addressed the following
words to Lothario.
"Thou mayest suppose, Lothario my friend,
that I am unable to give sufficient thanks for
the favours God has rendered me in making me
the son of such parents as mine were, and bes-
towing upon me with no niggard hand what
are called the gifts of nature as well as those of
fortune, and above all for what he has done in
giving me thee for a friend and Camilla for a
wife—two treasures that I value, if not as high-
ly as I ought, at least as highly as I am able.
And yet, with all these good things, which are
commonly all that men need to enable them to
live happily, I am the most discontented and
dissatisfied man in the whole world; for, I
know not how long since, I have been harassed
and oppressed by a desire so strange and so
unusual, that I wonder at myself and blame
and chide myself when I am alone, and strive
to stifle it and hide it from my own thoughts,
and with no better success than if I were en-
deavouring deliberately to publish it to all the
world; and as, in short, it must come out, I
would confide it to thy safe keeping, feeling
sure that by this means, and by thy readiness as
a true friend to afford me relief, I shall soon
find myself freed from the distress it causes me,
and that thy care will give me happiness in the
same degree as my own folly has caused me
misery."
The words of Anselmo struck Lothario with
astonishment, unable as he was to conjecture
the purport of such a lengthy preamble; and
though be strove to imagine what desire it
could be that so troubled his friend, his conjec-
tures were all far from the truth, and to relieve
the anxiety which this perplexity was causing
him, he told him he was doing a flagrant injus-
tice to their great friendship in seeking circui-
tous methods of confiding to him his most hid-
den thoughts, for he well knew he might rec-
kon upon his counsel in diverting them, or his
help in carrying them into effect.
"That is the truth," replied Anselmo, "and
relying upon that I will tell thee, friend Lot-
hario, that the desire which harasses me is that
of knowing whether my wife Camilla is as go-
od and as perfect as I think her to be; and I can-
not satisfy myself of the truth on this point ex-
cept by testing her in such a way that the trial
may prove the purity of her virtue as the fire
proves that of gold; because I am persuaded,
my friend, that a woman is virtuous only in
proportion as she is or is not tempted; and that
she alone is strong who does not yield to the
promises, gifts, tears, and importunities of ear-
nest lovers; for what thanks does a woman de-
serve for being good if no one urges her to be
bad, and what wonder is it that she is reserved
and circumspect to whom no opportunity is
given of going wrong and who knows she has a
husband that will take her life the first time he
detects her in an impropriety? I do not therefo-
re hold her who is virtuous through fear or
want of opportunity in the same estimation as
her who comes out of temptation and trial with
a crown of victory; and so, for these reasons
and many others that I could give thee to justify
and support the opinion I hold, I am desirous
that my wife Camilla should pass this crisis,
and be refined and tested by the fire of finding
herself wooed and by one worthy to set his
affections upon her; and if she comes out, as I
know she will, victorious from this struggle, I
shall look upon my good fortune as unequa-
lled, I shall be able to say that the cup of my
desire is full, and that the virtuous woman of
whom the sage says 'Who shall find her?' has
fallen to my lot. And if the result be the contra-
ry of what I expect, in the satisfaction of kno-
wing that I have been right in my opinion, I
shall bear without complaint the pain which
my so dearly bought experience will naturally
cause me. And, as nothing of all thou wilt urge
in opposition to my wish will avail to keep me
from carrying it into effect, it is my desire,
friend Lothario, that thou shouldst consent to
become the instrument for effecting this purpo-
se that I am bent upon, for I will afford thee
opportunities to that end, and nothing shall be
wanting that I may think necessary for the pur-
suit of a virtuous, honourable, modest and
high-minded woman. And among other rea-
sons, I am induced to entrust this arduous task
to thee by the consideration that if Camilla be
conquered by thee the conquest will not be
pushed to extremes, but only far enough to
account that accomplished which from a sense
of honour will be left undone; thus I shall not
be wronged in anything more than intention,
and my wrong will remain buried in the inte-
grity of thy silence, which I know well will be
as lasting as that of death in what concerns me.
If, therefore, thou wouldst have me enjoy what
can be called life, thou wilt at once engage in
this love struggle, not lukewarmly nor slothfu-
lly, but with the energy and zeal that my desire
demands, and with the loyalty our friendship
assures me of."
Such were the words Anselmo addressed to
Lothario, who listened to them with such atten-
tion that, except to say what has been already
mentioned, he did not open his lips until the
other had finished. Then perceiving that he had
no more to say, after regarding him for awhile,
as one would regard something never before
seen that excited wonder and amazement, he
said to him, "I cannot persuade myself, Ansel-
mo my friend, that what thou hast said to me is
not in jest; if I thought that thou wert speaking
seriously I would not have allowed thee to go
so far; so as to put a stop to thy long harangue
by not listening to thee I verily suspect that
either thou dost not know me, or I do not know
thee; but no, I know well thou art Anselmo, and
thou knowest that I am Lothario; the misfortu-
ne is, it seems to me, that thou art not the An-
selmo thou wert, and must have thought that I
am not the Lothario I should be; for the things
that thou hast said to me are not those of that
Anselmo who was my friend, nor are those that
thou demandest of me what should be asked of
the Lothario thou knowest. True friends will
prove their friends and make use of them, as a
poet has said, usque ad aras; whereby he meant
that they will not make use of their friendship
in things that are contrary to God's will. If this,
then, was a heathen's feeling about friendship,
how much more should it be a Christian's, who
knows that the divine must not be forfeited for
the sake of any human friendship? And if a
friend should go so far as to put aside his duty
to Heaven to fulfil his duty to his friend, it
should not be in matters that are trifling or of
little moment, but in such as affect the friend's
life and honour. Now tell me, Anselmo, in
which of these two art thou imperilled, that I
should hazard myself to gratify thee, and do a
thing so detestable as that thou seekest of me?
Neither forsooth; on the contrary, thou dost ask
of me, so far as I understand, to strive and la-
bour to rob thee of honour and life, and to rob
myself of them at the same time; for if I take
away thy honour it is plain I take away thy life,
as a man without honour is worse than dead;
and being the instrument, as thou wilt have it
so, of so much wrong to thee, shall not I, too, be
left without honour, and consequently without
life? Listen to me, Anselmo my friend, and be
not impatient to answer me until I have said
what occurs to me touching the object of thy
desire, for there will be time enough left for
thee to reply and for me to hear."
"Be it so," said Anselmo, "say what thou
wilt."
Lothario then went on to say, "It seems to
me, Anselmo, that thine is just now the temper
of mind which is always that of the Moors, who
can never be brought to see the error of their
creed by quotations from the Holy Scriptures,
or by reasons which depend upon the examina-
tion of the understanding or are founded upon
the articles of faith, but must have examples
that are palpable, easy, intelligible, capable of
proof, not admitting of doubt, with mathemati-
cal demonstrations that cannot be denied, like,
'If equals be taken from equals, the remainders
are equal:' and if they do not understand this in
words, and indeed they do not, it has to be
shown to them with the hands, and put before
their eyes, and even with all this no one succe-
eds in convincing them of the truth of our holy
religion. This same mode of proceeding I shall
have to adopt with thee, for the desire which
has sprung up in thee is so absurd and remote
from everything that has a semblance of reason,
that I feel it would be a waste of time to employ
it in reasoning with thy simplicity, for at pre-
sent I will call it by no other name; and I am
even tempted to leave thee in thy folly as a pu-
nishment for thy pernicious desire; but the
friendship I bear thee, which will not allow me
to desert thee in such manifest danger of des-
truction, keeps me from dealing so harshly by
thee. And that thou mayest clearly see this, say,
Anselmo, hast thou not told me that I must
force my suit upon a modest woman, decoy
one that is virtuous, make overtures to one that
is pure-minded, pay court to one that is pru-
dent? Yes, thou hast told me so. Then, if thou
knowest that thou hast a wife, modest, vir-
tuous, pure-minded and prudent, what is it
that thou seekest? And if thou believest that she
will come forth victorious from all my attacks—
as doubtless she would—what higher titles
than those she possesses now dost thou think
thou canst upon her then, or in what will she be
better then than she is now? Either thou dost
not hold her to be what thou sayest, or thou
knowest not what thou dost demand. If thou
dost not hold her to be what thou why dost
thou seek to prove her instead of treating her as
guilty in the way that may seem best to thee?
but if she be as virtuous as thou believest, it is
an uncalled-for proceeding to make trial of
truth itself, for, after trial, it will but be in the
same estimation as before. Thus, then, it is con-
clusive that to attempt things from which harm
rather than advantage may come to us is the
part of unreasoning and reckless minds, more
especially when they are things which we are
not forced or compelled to attempt, and which
show from afar that it is plainly madness to
attempt them.
"Difficulties are attempted either for the sake
of God or for the sake of the world, or for both;
those undertaken for God's sake are those
which the saints undertake when they attempt
to live the lives of angels in human bodies; tho-
se undertaken for the sake of the world are tho-
se of the men who traverse such a vast expanse
of water, such a variety of climates, so many
strange countries, to acquire what are called the
blessings of fortune; and those undertaken for
the sake of God and the world together are tho-
se of brave soldiers, who no sooner do they see
in the enemy's wall a breach as wide as a can-
non ball could make, than, casting aside all
fear, without hesitating, or heeding the mani-
fest peril that threatens them, borne onward by
the desire of defending their faith, their coun-
try, and their king, they fling themselves daun-
tlessly into the midst of the thousand opposing
deaths that await them. Such are the things that
men are wont to attempt, and there is honour,
glory, gain, in attempting them, however full of
difficulty and peril they may be; but that which
thou sayest it is thy wish to attempt and carry
out will not win thee the glory of God nor the
blessings of fortune nor fame among men; for
even if the issue he as thou wouldst have it,
thou wilt be no happier, richer, or more honou-
red than thou art this moment; and if it be ot-
herwise thou wilt be reduced to misery greater
than can be imagined, for then it will avail thee
nothing to reflect that no one is aware of the
misfortune that has befallen thee; it will suffice
to torture and crush thee that thou knowest it
thyself. And in confirmation of the truth of
what I say, let me repeat to thee a stanza made
by the famous poet Luigi Tansillo at the end of
the first part of his 'Tears of Saint Peter,' which
says thus:
The anguish and the shame but greater grew
In Peter's heart as morning slowly came; No
eye was there to see him, well he knew, Yet he
himself was to himself a shame; Exposed to all
men's gaze, or screened from view, A noble
heart will feel the pang the same; A prey to
shame the sinning soul will be, Though none
but heaven and earth its shame can see.
Thus by keeping it secret thou wilt not esca-
pe thy sorrow, but rather thou wilt shed tears
unceasingly, if not tears of the eyes, tears of
blood from the heart, like those shed by that
simple doctor our poet tells us of, that tried the
test of the cup, which the wise Rinaldo, better
advised, refused to do; for though this may be a
poetic fiction it contains a moral lesson worthy
of attention and study and imitation. Moreover
by what I am about to say to thee thou wilt be
led to see the great error thou wouldst commit.
"Tell me, Anselmo, if Heaven or good fortu-
ne had made thee master and lawful owner of a
diamond of the finest quality, with the exce-
llence and purity of which all the lapidaries
that had seen it had been satisfied, saying with
one voice and common consent that in purity,
quality, and fineness, it was all that a stone of
the kind could possibly be, thou thyself too
being of the same belief, as knowing nothing to
the contrary, would it be reasonable in thee to
desire to take that diamond and place it betwe-
en an anvil and a hammer, and by mere force of
blows and strength of arm try if it were as hard
and as fine as they said? And if thou didst, and
if the stone should resist so silly a test, that
would add nothing to its value or reputation;
and if it were broken, as it might be, would not
all be lost? Undoubtedly it would, leaving its
owner to be rated as a fool in the opinion of all.
Consider, then, Anselmo my friend, that Cami-
lla is a diamond of the finest quality as well in
thy estimation as in that of others, and that it is
contrary to reason to expose her to the risk of
being broken; for if she remains intact she can-
not rise to a higher value than she now posses-
ses; and if she give way and be unable to resist,
bethink thee now how thou wilt be deprived of
her, and with what good reason thou wilt com-
plain of thyself for having been the cause of her
ruin and thine own. Remember there is no je-
wel in the world so precious as a chaste and
virtuous woman, and that the whole honour of
women consists in reputation; and since thy
wife's is of that high excellence that thou kno-
west, wherefore shouldst thou seek to call that
truth in question? Remember, my friend, that
woman is an imperfect animal, and that impe-
diments are not to be placed in her way to ma-
ke her trip and fall, but that they should be re-
moved, and her path left clear of all obstacles,
so that without hindrance she may run her
course freely to attain the desired perfection,
which consists in being virtuous. Naturalists
tell us that the ermine is a little animal which
has a fur of purest white, and that when the
hunters wish to take it, they make use of this
artifice. Having ascertained the places which it
frequents and passes, they stop the way to
them with mud, and then rousing it, drive it
towards the spot, and as soon as the ermine
comes to the mud it halts, and allows itself to
be taken captive rather than pass through the
mire, and spoil and sully its whiteness, which it
values more than life and liberty. The virtuous
and chaste woman is an ermine, and whiter
and purer than snow is the virtue of modesty;
and he who wishes her not to lose it, but to ke-
ep and preserve it, must adopt a course diffe-
rent from that employed with the ermine; he
must not put before her the mire of the gifts
and attentions of persevering lovers, because
perhaps—and even without a perhaps—she
may not have sufficient virtue and natural
strength in herself to pass through and tread
under foot these impediments; they must be
removed, and the brightness of virtue and the
beauty of a fair fame must be put before her. A
virtuous woman, too, is like a mirror, of clear
shining crystal, liable to be tarnished and dim-
med by every breath that touches it. She must
be treated as relics are; adored, not touched.
She must be protected and prized as one pro-
tects and prizes a fair garden full of roses and
flowers, the owner of which allows no one to
trespass or pluck a blossom; enough for others
that from afar and through the iron grating
they may enjoy its fragrance and its beauty.
Finally let me repeat to thee some verses that
come to my mind; I heard them in a modern
comedy, and it seems to me they bear upon the
point we are discussing. A prudent old man
was giving advice to another, the father of a
young girl, to lock her up, watch over her and
keep her in seclusion, and among other argu-
ments he used these:
Woman is a thing of glass;
But her brittleness 'tis best
Not too curiously to test:
Who knows what may come to pass?
Breaking is an easy matter,
And it's folly to expose
What you cannot mend to blows;
What you can't make whole to shatter.
This, then, all may hold as true,
And the reason's plain to see;
For if Danaes there be,
There are golden showers too.
 "All that I have said to thee so far, Anselmo,
has had reference to what concerns thee; now it
is right that I should say something of what
regards myself; and if I be prolix, pardon me,
for the labyrinth into which thou hast entered
and from which thou wouldst have me extrica-
te thee makes it necessary.
"Thou dost reckon me thy friend, and thou
wouldst rob me of honour, a thing wholly in-
consistent with friendship; and not only dost
thou aim at this, but thou wouldst have me rob
thee of it also. That thou wouldst rob me of it is
clear, for when Camilla sees that I pay court to
her as thou requirest, she will certainly regard
me as a man without honour or right feeling,
since I attempt and do a thing so much oppo-
sed to what I owe to my own position and thy
friendship. That thou wouldst have me rob thee
of it is beyond a doubt, for Camilla, seeing that
I press my suit upon her, will suppose that I
have perceived in her something light that has
encouraged me to make known to her my base
desire; and if she holds herself dishonoured,
her dishonour touches thee as belonging to her;
and hence arises what so commonly takes pla-
ce, that the husband of the adulterous woman,
though he may not be aware of or have given
any cause for his wife's failure in her duty, or
(being careless or negligent) have had it in his
power to prevent his dishonour, nevertheless is
stigmatised by a vile and reproachful name,
and in a manner regarded with eyes of con-
tempt instead of pity by all who know of his
wife's guilt, though they see that he is unfortu-
nate not by his own fault, but by the lust of a
vicious consort. But I will tell thee why with
good reason dishonour attaches to the husband
of the unchaste wife, though he know not that
she is so, nor be to blame, nor have done anyt-
hing, or given any provocation to make her so;
and be not weary with listening to me, for it
will be for thy good.
"When God created our first parent in the
earthly paradise, the Holy Scripture says that
he infused sleep into Adam and while he slept
took a rib from his left side of which he formed
our mother Eve, and when Adam awoke and
beheld her he said, 'This is flesh of my flesh,
and bone of my bone.' And God said 'For this
shall a man leave his father and his mother, and
they shall be two in one flesh; and then was
instituted the divine sacrament of marriage,
with such ties that death alone can loose them.
And such is the force and virtue of this miracu-
lous sacrament that it makes two different per-
sons one and the same flesh; and even more
than this when the virtuous are married; for
though they have two souls they have but one
will. And hence it follows that as the flesh of
the wife is one and the same with that of her
husband the stains that may come upon it, or
the injuries it incurs fall upon the husband's
flesh, though he, as has been said, may have
given no cause for them; for as the pain of the
foot or any member of the body is felt by the
whole body, because all is one flesh, as the
head feels the hurt to the ankle without having
caused it, so the husband, being one with her,
shares the dishonour of the wife; and as all
worldly honour or dishonour comes of flesh
and blood, and the erring wife's is of that kind,
the husband must needs bear his part of it and
be held dishonoured without knowing it. See,
then, Anselmo, the peril thou art encountering
in seeking to disturb the peace of thy virtuous
consort; see for what an empty and ill-advised
curiosity thou wouldst rouse up passions that
now repose in quiet in the breast of thy chaste
wife; reflect that what thou art staking all to
win is little, and what thou wilt lose so much
that I leave it undescribed, not having the
words to express it. But if all I have said be not
enough to turn thee from thy vile purpose,
thou must seek some other instrument for thy
dishonour and misfortune; for such I will not
consent to be, though I lose thy friendship, the
greatest loss that I can conceive."
 Having said this, the wise and virtuous Lot-
hario was silent, and Anselmo, troubled in
mind and deep in thought, was unable for a
while to utter a word in reply; but at length he
said, "I have listened, Lothario my friend, atten-
tively, as thou hast seen, to what thou hast cho-
sen to say to me, and in thy arguments, exam-
ples, and comparisons I have seen that high
intelligence thou dost possess, and the perfec-
tion of true friendship thou hast reached; and
likewise I see and confess that if I am not gui-
ded by thy opinion, but follow my own, I am
flying from the good and pursuing the evil.
This being so, thou must remember that I am
now labouring under that infirmity which wo-
men sometimes suffer from, when the craving
seizes them to eat clay, plaster, charcoal, and
things even worse, disgusting to look at, much
more to eat; so that it will be necessary to have
recourse to some artifice to cure me; and this
can be easily effected if only thou wilt make a
beginning, even though it be in a lukewarm
and make-believe fashion, to pay court to Ca-
milla, who will not be so yielding that her vir-
tue will give way at the first attack: with this
mere attempt I shall rest satisfied, and thou wilt
have done what our friendship binds thee to
do, not only in giving me life, but in persua-
ding me not to discard my honour. And this
thou art bound to do for one reason alone, that,
being, as I am, resolved to apply this test, it is
not for thee to permit me to reveal my weak-
ness to another, and so imperil that honour
thou art striving to keep me from losing; and if
thine may not stand as high as it ought in the
estimation of Camilla while thou art paying
court to her, that is of little or no importance,
because ere long, on finding in her that cons-
tancy which we expect, thou canst tell her the
plain truth as regards our stratagem, and so
regain thy place in her esteem; and as thou art
venturing so little, and by the venture canst
afford me so much satisfaction, refuse not to
undertake it, even if further difficulties present
themselves to thee; for, as I have said, if thou
wilt only make a beginning I will acknowledge
the issue decided."
Lothario seeing the fixed determination of
Anselmo, and not knowing what further exam-
ples to offer or arguments to urge in order to
dissuade him from it, and perceiving that he
threatened to confide his pernicious scheme to
some one else, to avoid a greater evil resolved
to gratify him and do what he asked, intending
to manage the business so as to satisfy Anselmo
without corrupting the mind of Camilla; so in
reply he told him not to communicate his pur-
pose to any other, for he would undertake the
task himself, and would begin it as soon as he
pleased. Anselmo embraced him warmly and
affectionately, and thanked him for his offer as
if he had bestowed some great favour upon
him; and it was agreed between them to set
about it the next day, Anselmo affording op-
portunity and time to Lothario to converse alo-
ne with Camilla, and furnishing him with mo-
ney and jewels to offer and present to her. He
suggested, too, that he should treat her to mu-
sic, and write verses in her praise, and if he was
unwilling to take the trouble of composing
them, he offered to do it himself. Lothario agre-
ed to all with an intention very different from
what Anselmo supposed, and with this unders-
tanding they returned to Anselmo's house,
where they found Camilla awaiting her hus-
band anxiously and uneasily, for he was later
than usual in returning that day. Lothario re-
paired to his own house, and Anselmo remai-
ned in his, as well satisfied as Lothario was
troubled in mind; for he could see no satisfacto-
ry way out of this ill-advised business. That
night, however, he thought of a plan by which
he might deceive Anselmo without any injury
to Camilla. The next day he went to dine with
his friend, and was welcomed by Camilla, who
received and treated him with great cordiality,
knowing the affection her husband felt for him.
When dinner was over and the cloth removed,
Anselmo told Lothario to stay there with Cami-
lla while he attended to some pressing busi-
ness, as he would return in an hour and a half.
Camilla begged him not to go, and Lothario
offered to accompany him, but nothing could
persuade Anselmo, who on the contrary pres-
sed Lothario to remain waiting for him as he
had a matter of great importance to discuss
with him. At the same time he bade Camilla not
to leave Lothario alone until he came back. In
short he contrived to put so good a face on the
reason, or the folly, of his absence that no one
could have suspected it was a pretence.
Anselmo took his departure, and Camilla
and Lothario were left alone at the table, for the
rest of the household had gone to dinner. Lot-
hario saw himself in the lists according to his
friend's wish, and facing an enemy that could
by her beauty alone vanquish a squadron of
armed knights; judge whether he had good
reason to fear; but what he did was to lean his
elbow on the arm of the chair, and his cheek
upon his hand, and, asking Camilla's pardon
for his ill manners, he said he wished to take a
little sleep until Anselmo returned. Camilla in
reply said he could repose more at his ease in
the reception-room than in his chair, and beg-
ged of him to go in and sleep there; but Lot-
hario declined, and there he remained asleep
until the return of Anselmo, who finding Cami-
lla in her own room, and Lothario asleep, ima-
gined that he had stayed away so long as to
have afforded them time enough for conversa-
tion and even for sleep, and was all impatience
until Lothario should wake up, that he might
go out with him and question him as to his suc-
cess. Everything fell out as he wished; Lothario
awoke, and the two at once left the house, and
Anselmo asked what he was anxious to know,
and Lothario in answer told him that he had
not thought it advisable to declare himself enti-
rely the first time, and therefore had only exto-
lled the charms of Camilla, telling her that all
the city spoke of nothing else but her beauty
and wit, for this seemed to him an excellent
way of beginning to gain her good-will and
render her disposed to listen to him with plea-
sure the next time, thus availing himself of the
device the devil has recourse to when he would
deceive one who is on the watch; for he being
the angel of darkness transforms himself into
an angel of light, and, under cover of a fair
seeming, discloses himself at length, and effects
his purpose if at the beginning his wiles are not
discovered. All this gave great satisfaction to
Anselmo, and he said he would afford the same
opportunity every day, but without leaving the
house, for he would find things to do at home
so that Camilla should not detect the plot.
Thus, then, several days went by, and Lot-
hario, without uttering a word to Camilla, re-
ported to Anselmo that he had talked with her
and that he had never been able to draw from
her the slightest indication of consent to anyt-
hing dishonourable, nor even a sign or shadow
of hope; on the contrary, he said she would
inform her husband of it.
"So far well," said Anselmo; "Camilla has
thus far resisted words; we must now see how
she will resist deeds. I will give you to-morrow
two thousand crowns in gold for you to offer or
even present, and as many more to buy jewels
to lure her, for women are fond of being beco-
mingly attired and going gaily dressed, and all
the more so if they are beautiful, however chas-
te they may be; and if she resists this tempta-
tion, I will rest satisfied and will give you no
more trouble."
Lothario replied that now he had begun he
would carry on the undertaking to the end,
though he perceived he was to come out of it
wearied and vanquished. The next day he re-
ceived the four thousand crowns, and with
them four thousand perplexities, for he knew
not what to say by way of a new falsehood; but
in the end he made up his mind to tell him that
Camilla stood as firm against gifts and promi-
ses as against words, and that there was no use
in taking any further trouble, for the time was
all spent to no purpose.
But chance, directing things in a different
manner, so ordered it that Anselmo, having left
Lothario and Camilla alone as on other occa-
sions, shut himself into a chamber and posted
himself to watch and listen through the keyhole
to what passed between them, and perceived
that for more than half an hour Lothario did
not utter a word to Camilla, nor would utter a
word though he were to be there for an age;
and he came to the conclusion that what his
friend had told him about the replies of Camilla
was all invention and falsehood, and to ascer-
tain if it were so, he came out, and calling Lot-
hario aside asked him what news he had and in
what humour Camilla was. Lothario replied
that he was not disposed to go on with the bu-
siness, for she had answered him so angrily
and harshly that he had no heart to say anyt-
hing more to her.
 "Ah, Lothario, Lothario," said Anselmo,
"how ill dost thou meet thy obligations to me,
and the great confidence I repose in thee! I have
been just now watching through this keyhole,
and I have seen that thou has not said a word
to Camilla, whence I conclude that on the for-
mer occasions thou hast not spoken to her eit-
her, and if this be so, as no doubt it is, why dost
thou deceive me, or wherefore seekest thou by
craft to deprive me of the means I might find of
attaining my desire?"
Anselmo said no more, but he had said
enough to cover Lothario with shame and con-
fusion, and he, feeling as it were his honour
touched by having been detected in a lie, swore
to Anselmo that he would from that moment
devote himself to satisfying him without any
deception, as he would see if he had the curio-
sity to watch; though he need not take the
trouble, for the pains he would take to satisfy
him would remove all suspicions from his
mind. Anselmo believed him, and to afford him
an opportunity more free and less liable to sur-
prise, he resolved to absent himself from his
house for eight days, betaking himself to that of
a friend of his who lived in a village not far
from the city; and, the better to account for his
departure to Camilla, he so arranged it that the
friend should send him a very pressing invita-
tion.
Unhappy, shortsighted Anselmo, what art
thou doing, what art thou plotting, what art
thou devising? Bethink thee thou art working
against thyself, plotting thine own dishonour,
devising thine own ruin. Thy wife Camilla is
virtuous, thou dost possess her in peace and
quietness, no one assails thy happiness, her
thoughts wander not beyond the walls of thy
house, thou art her heaven on earth, the object
of her wishes, the fulfilment of her desires, the
measure wherewith she measures her will, ma-
king it conform in all things to thine and Hea-
ven's. If, then, the mine of her honour, beauty,
virtue, and modesty yields thee without labour
all the wealth it contains and thou canst wish
for, why wilt thou dig the earth in search of
fresh veins, of new unknown treasure, risking
the collapse of all, since it but rests on the feeble
props of her weak nature? Bethink thee that
from him who seeks impossibilities that which
is possible may with justice be withheld, as was
better expressed by a poet who said:
'Tis mine to seek for life in death,
Health in disease seek I,
I seek in prison freedom's breath,
In traitors loyalty.
So Fate that ever scorns to grant
Or grace or boon to me,
Since what can never be I want,
Denies me what might be.
The next day Anselmo took his departure
for the village, leaving instructions with Cami-
lla that during his absence Lothario would co-
me to look after his house and to dine with her,
and that she was to treat him as she would
himself. Camilla was distressed, as a discreet
and right-minded woman would be, at the or-
ders her husband left her, and bade him re-
member that it was not becoming that anyone
should occupy his seat at the table during his
absence, and if he acted thus from not feeling
confidence that she would be able to manage
his house, let him try her this time, and he
would find by experience that she was equal to
greater responsibilities. Anselmo replied that it
was his pleasure to have it so, and that she had
only to submit and obey. Camilla said she
would do so, though against her will.
Anselmo went, and the next day Lothario
came to his house, where he was received by
Camilla with a friendly and modest welcome;
but she never suffered Lothario to see her alo-
ne, for she was always attended by her men
and women servants, especially by a handmaid
of hers, Leonela by name, to whom she was
much attached (for they had been brought up
together from childhood in her father's house),
and whom she had kept with her after her ma-
rriage with Anselmo. The first three days Lot-
hario did not speak to her, though he might
have done so when they removed the cloth and
the servants retired to dine hastily; for such
were Camilla's orders; nay more, Leonela had
directions to dine earlier than Camilla and ne-
ver to leave her side. She, however, having her
thoughts fixed upon other things more to her
taste, and wanting that time and opportunity
for her own pleasures, did not always obey her
mistress's commands, but on the contrary left
them alone, as if they had ordered her to do so;
but the modest bearing of Camilla, the calm-
ness of her countenance, the composure of her
aspect were enough to bridle the tongue of
Lothario. But the influence which the many
virtues of Camilla exerted in imposing silence
on Lothario's tongue proved mischievous for
both of them, for if his tongue was silent his
thoughts were busy, and could dwell at leisure
upon the perfections of Camilla's goodness and
beauty one by one, charms enough to warm
with love a marble statue, not to say a heart of
flesh. Lothario gazed upon her when he might
have been speaking to her, and thought how
worthy of being loved she was; and thus reflec-
tion began little by little to assail his allegiance
to Anselmo, and a thousand times he thought
of withdrawing from the city and going where
Anselmo should never see him nor he see Ca-
milla. But already the delight he found in ga-
zing on her interposed and held him fast. He
put a constraint upon himself, and struggled to
repel and repress the pleasure he found in con-
templating Camilla; when alone he blamed
himself for his weakness, called himself a bad
friend, nay a bad Christian; then he argued the
matter and compared himself with Anselmo;
always coming to the conclusion that the folly
and rashness of Anselmo had been worse than
his faithlessness, and that if he could excuse his
intentions as easily before God as with man, he
had no reason to fear any punishment for his
offence.
 In short the beauty and goodness of Camilla,
joined with the opportunity which the blind
husband had placed in his hands, overthrew
the loyalty of Lothario; and giving heed to not-
hing save the object towards which his inclina-
tions led him, after Anselmo had been three
days absent, during which he had been carr-
ying on a continual struggle with his passion,
he began to make love to Camilla with so much
vehemence and warmth of language that she
was overwhelmed with amazement, and could
only rise from her place and retire to her room
without answering him a word. But the hope
which always springs up with love was not
weakened in Lothario by this repelling demea-
nour; on the contrary his passion for Camilla
increased, and she discovering in him what she
had never expected, knew not what to do; and
considering it neither safe nor right to give him
the chance or opportunity of speaking to her
again, she resolved to send, as she did that very
night, one of her servants with a letter to An-
selmo, in which she addressed the following
words to him.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE

NOVEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED CU-
RIOSITY"

"It is commonly said that an army looks ill

without its general and a castle without its cas-
tellan, and I say that a young married woman
looks still worse without her husband unless
there are very good reasons for it. I find myself
so ill at ease without you, and so incapable of
enduring this separation, that unless you return
quickly I shall have to go for relief to my pa-
rents' house, even if I leave yours without a
protector; for the one you left me, if indeed he
deserved that title, has, I think, more regard to
his own pleasure than to what concerns you: as
you are possessed of discernment I need say no
more to you, nor indeed is it fitting I should say
more."
Anselmo received this letter, and from it he
gathered that Lothario had already begun his
task and that Camilla must have replied to him
as he would have wished; and delighted be-
yond measure at such intelligence he sent word
to her not to leave his house on any account, as
he would very shortly return. Camilla was as-
tonished at Anselmo's reply, which placed her
in greater perplexity than before, for she neit-
her dared to remain in her own house, nor yet
to go to her parents'; for in remaining her virtue
was imperilled, and in going she was opposing
her husband's commands. Finally she decided
upon what was the worse course for her, to
remain, resolving not to fly from the presence
of Lothario, that she might not give food for
gossip to her servants; and she now began to
regret having written as she had to her hus-
band, fearing he might imagine that Lothario
had perceived in her some lightness which had
impelled him to lay aside the respect he owed
her; but confident of her rectitude she put her
trust in God and in her own virtuous inten-
tions, with which she hoped to resist in silence
all the solicitations of Lothario, without saying
anything to her husband so as not to involve
him in any quarrel or trouble; and she even
began to consider how to excuse Lothario to
Anselmo when he should ask her what it was
that induced her to write that letter. With these
resolutions, more honourable than judicious or
effectual, she remained the next day listening to
Lothario, who pressed his suit so strenuously
that Camilla's firmness began to waver, and her
virtue had enough to do to come to the rescue
of her eyes and keep them from showing signs
of a certain tender compassion which the tears
and appeals of Lothario had awakened in her
bosom. Lothario observed all this, and it infla-
med him all the more. In short he felt that while
Anselmo's absence afforded time and opportu-
nity he must press the siege of the fortress, and
so he assailed her self-esteem with praises of
her beauty, for there is nothing that more quic-
kly reduces and levels the castle towers of fair
women's vanity than vanity itself upon the
tongue of flattery. In fact with the utmost assi-
duity he undermined the rock of her purity
with such engines that had Camilla been of
brass she must have fallen. He wept, he entrea-
ted, he promised, he flattered, he importuned,
he pretended with so much feeling and appa-
rent sincerity, that he overthrew the virtuous
resolves of Camilla and won the triumph he
least expected and most longed for. Camilla
yielded, Camilla fell; but what wonder if the
friendship of Lothario could not stand firm? A
clear proof to us that the passion of love is to be
conquered only by flying from it, and that no
one should engage in a struggle with an enemy
so mighty; for divine strength is needed to
overcome his human power. Leonela alone
knew of her mistress's weakness, for the two
false friends and new lovers were unable to
conceal it. Lothario did not care to tell Camilla
the object Anselmo had in view, nor that he
had afforded him the opportunity of attaining
such a result, lest she should undervalue his
love and think that it was by chance and wit-
hout intending it and not of his own accord that
he had made love to her.
A few days later Anselmo returned to his
house and did not perceive what it had lost,
that which he so lightly treated and so highly
prized. He went at once to see Lothario, and
found him at home; they embraced each other,
and Anselmo asked for the tidings of his life or
his death.
"The tidings I have to give thee, Anselmo my
friend," said Lothario, "are that thou dost pos-
sess a wife that is worthy to be the pattern and
crown of all good wives. The words that I have
addressed to her were borne away on the wind,
my promises have been despised, my presents
have been refused, such feigned tears as I shed
have been turned into open ridicule. In short,
as Camilla is the essence of all beauty, so is she
the treasure-house where purity dwells, and
gentleness and modesty abide with all the vir-
tues that can confer praise, honour, and happi-
ness upon a woman. Take back thy money, my
friend; here it is, and I have had no need to
touch it, for the chastity of Camilla yields not to
things so base as gifts or promises. Be content,
Anselmo, and refrain from making further pro-
of; and as thou hast passed dryshod through
the sea of those doubts and suspicions that are
and may be entertained of women, seek not to
plunge again into the deep ocean of new emba-
rrassments, or with another pilot make trial of
the goodness and strength of the bark that
Heaven has granted thee for thy passage across
the sea of this world; but reckon thyself now
safe in port, moor thyself with the anchor of
sound reflection, and rest in peace until thou
art called upon to pay that debt which no nobi-
lity on earth can escape paying."
Anselmo was completely satisfied by the
words of Lothario, and believed them as fully
as if they had been spoken by an oracle; ne-
vertheless he begged of him not to relinquish
the undertaking, were it but for the sake of cu-
riosity and amusement; though thenceforward
he need not make use of the same earnest en-
deavours as before; all he wished him to do
was to write some verses to her, praising her
under the name of Chloris, for he himself
would give her to understand that he was in
love with a lady to whom he had given that
name to enable him to sing her praises with the
decorum due to her modesty; and if Lothario
were unwilling to take the trouble of writing
the verses he would compose them himself.
"That will not be necessary," said Lothario,
"for the muses are not such enemies of mine
but that they visit me now and then in the
course of the year. Do thou tell Camilla what
thou hast proposed about a pretended amour
of mine; as for the verses will make them, and if
not as good as the subject deserves, they shall
be at least the best I can produce." An agree-
ment to this effect was made between the
friends, the ill-advised one and the treacherous,
and Anselmo returning to his house asked Ca-
milla the question she already wondered he
had not asked before—what it was that had
caused her to write the letter she had sent him.
Camilla replied that it had seemed to her that
Lothario looked at her somewhat more freely
than when he had been at home; but that now
she was undeceived and believed it to have
been only her own imagination, for Lothario
now avoided seeing her, or being alone with
her. Anselmo told her she might be quite easy
on the score of that suspicion, for he knew that
Lothario was in love with a damsel of rank in
the city whom he celebrated under the name of
Chloris, and that even if he were not, his fideli-
ty and their great friendship left no room for
fear. Had not Camilla, however, been informed
beforehand by Lothario that this love for Chlo-
ris was a pretence, and that he himself had told
Anselmo of it in order to be able sometimes to
give utterance to the praises of Camilla herself,
no doubt she would have fallen into the despai-
ring toils of jealousy; but being forewarned she
received the startling news without uneasiness.
The next day as the three were at table An-
selmo asked Lothario to recite something of
what he had composed for his mistress Chloris;
for as Camilla did not know her, he might safe-
ly say what he liked.
"Even did she know her," returned Lothario,
"I would hide nothing, for when a lover praises
his lady's beauty, and charges her with cruelty,
he casts no imputation upon her fair name; at
any rate, all I can say is that yesterday I made a
sonnet on the ingratitude of this Chloris, which
goes thus:
 SONNET
At midnight, in the silence, when the eyes
Of happier mortals balmy slumbers close,
The weary tale of my unnumbered woes
To Chloris and to Heaven is wont to rise.
And when the light of day returning dyes
The portals of the east with tints of rose,
With undiminished force my sorrow flows
In broken accents and in burning sighs.
And when the sun ascends his star-girt throne,
And on the earth pours down his midday be-
ams,
Noon but renews my wailing and my tears;
And with the night again goes up my moan.
Yet ever in my agony it seems
To me that neither Heaven nor Chloris
hears."
The sonnet pleased Camilla, and still more
Anselmo, for he praised it and said the lady
was excessively cruel who made no return for
sincerity so manifest. On which Camilla said,
"Then all that love-smitten poets say is true?"
 "As poets they do not tell the truth," replied
Lothario; "but as lovers they are not more de-
fective in expression than they are truthful."
"There is no doubt of that," observed Ansel-
mo, anxious to support and uphold Lothario's
ideas with Camilla, who was as regardless of
his design as she was deep in love with Lot-
hario; and so taking delight in anything that
was his, and knowing that his thoughts and
writings had her for their object, and that she
herself was the real Chloris, she asked him to
repeat some other sonnet or verses if he reco-
llected any.
"I do," replied Lothario, "but I do not think it
as good as the first one, or, more correctly
speaking, less bad; but you can easily judge, for
it is this.

SONNET
I know that I am doomed; death is to me
As certain as that thou, ungrateful fair,
Dead at thy feet shouldst see me lying, ere
My heart repented of its love for thee.
If buried in oblivion I should be,
Bereft of life, fame, favour, even there
It would be found that I thy image bear
Deep graven in my breast for all to see.
This like some holy relic do I prize
To save me from the fate my truth entails,
Truth that to thy hard heart its vigour owes.
Alas for him that under lowering skies,
In peril o'er a trackless ocean sails,
Where neither friendly port nor pole-star
shows."
Anselmo praised this second sonnet too, as
he had praised the first; and so he went on ad-
ding link after link to the chain with which he
was binding himself and making his dishonour
secure; for when Lothario was doing most to
dishonour him he told him he was most honou-
red; and thus each step that Camilla descended
towards the depths of her abasement, she
mounted, in his opinion, towards the summit
of virtue and fair fame.
 It so happened that finding herself on one
occasion alone with her maid, Camilla said to
her, "I am ashamed to think, my dear Leonela,
how lightly I have valued myself that I did not
compel Lothario to purchase by at least some
expenditure of time that full possession of me
that I so quickly yielded him of my own free
will. I fear that he will think ill of my pliancy or
lightness, not considering the irresistible in-
fluence he brought to bear upon me."
"Let not that trouble you, my lady," said
Leonela, "for it does not take away the value of
the thing given or make it the less precious to
give it quickly if it be really valuable and wort-
hy of being prized; nay, they are wont to say
that he who gives quickly gives twice."
"They say also," said Camilla, "that what
costs little is valued less."
"That saying does not hold good in your ca-
se," replied Leonela, "for love, as I have heard
say, sometimes flies and sometimes walks; with
this one it runs, with that it moves slowly; some
it cools, others it burns; some it wounds, others
it slays; it begins the course of its desires, and at
the same moment completes and ends it; in the
morning it will lay siege to a fortress and by
night will have taken it, for there is no power
that can resist it; so what are you in dread of,
what do you fear, when the same must have
befallen Lothario, love having chosen the ab-
sence of my lord as the instrument for sub-
duing you? and it was absolutely necessary to
complete then what love had resolved upon,
without affording the time to let Anselmo re-
turn and by his presence compel the work to be
left unfinished; for love has no better agent for
carrying out his designs than opportunity; and
of opportunity he avails himself in all his feats,
especially at the outset. All this I know well
myself, more by experience than by hearsay,
and some day, senora, I will enlighten you on
the subject, for I am of your flesh and blood
too. Moreover, lady Camilla, you did not su-
rrender yourself or yield so quickly but that
first you saw Lothario's whole soul in his eyes,
in his sighs, in his words, his promises and his
gifts, and by it and his good qualities perceived
how worthy he was of your love. This, then,
being the case, let not these scrupulous and
prudish ideas trouble your imagination, but be
assured that Lothario prizes you as you do him,
and rest content and satisfied that as you are
caught in the noose of love it is one of worth
and merit that has taken you, and one that has
not only the four S's that they say true lovers
ought to have, but a complete alphabet; only
listen to me and you will see how I can repeat it
by rote. He is to my eyes and thinking, Amia-
ble, Brave, Courteous, Distinguished, Elegant,
Fond, Gay, Honourable, Illustrious, Loyal,
Manly, Noble, Open, Polite, Quickwitted, Rich,
and the S's according to the saying, and then
Tender, Veracious: X does not suit him, for it is
a rough letter; Y has been given already; and Z
Zealous for your honour."
 Camilla laughed at her maid's alphabet, and
perceived her to be more experienced in love
affairs than she said, which she admitted, con-
fessing to Camilla that she had love passages
with a young man of good birth of the same
city. Camilla was uneasy at this, dreading lest it
might prove the means of endangering her
honour, and asked whether her intrigue had
gone beyond words, and she with little shame
and much effrontery said it had; for certain it is
that ladies' imprudences make servants shame-
less, who, when they see their mistresses make
a false step, think nothing of going astray
themselves, or of its being known. All that Ca-
milla could do was to entreat Leonela to say
nothing about her doings to him whom she
called her lover, and to conduct her own affairs
secretly lest they should come to the knowled-
ge of Anselmo or of Lothario. Leonela said she
would, but kept her word in such a way that
she confirmed Camilla's apprehension of losing
her reputation through her means; for this
abandoned and bold Leonela, as soon as she
perceived that her mistress's demeanour was
not what it was wont to be, had the audacity to
introduce her lover into the house, confident
that even if her mistress saw him she would not
dare to expose him; for the sins of mistresses
entail this mischief among others; they make
themselves the slaves of their own servants,
and are obliged to hide their laxities and de-
pravities; as was the case with Camilla, who
though she perceived, not once but many times,
that Leonela was with her lover in some room
of the house, not only did not dare to chide her,
but afforded her opportunities for concealing
him and removed all difficulties, lest he should
be seen by her husband. She was unable,
however, to prevent him from being seen on
one occasion, as he sallied forth at daybreak, by
Lothario, who, not knowing who he was, at
first took him for a spectre; but, as soon as he
saw him hasten away, muffling his face with
his cloak and concealing himself carefully and
cautiously, he rejected this foolish idea, and
adopted another, which would have been the
ruin of all had not Camilla found a remedy. It
did not occur to Lothario that this man he had
seen issuing at such an untimely hour from
Anselmo's house could have entered it on Leo-
nela's account, nor did he even remember there
was such a person as Leonela; all he thought
was that as Camilla had been light and yielding
with him, so she had been with another; for this
further penalty the erring woman's sin brings
with it, that her honour is distrusted even by
him to whose overtures and persuasions she
has yielded; and he believes her to have su-
rrendered more easily to others, and gives im-
plicit credence to every suspicion that comes
into his mind. All Lothario's good sense seems
to have failed him at this juncture; all his pru-
dent maxims escaped his memory; for without
once reflecting rationally, and without more
ado, in his impatience and in the blindness of
the jealous rage that gnawed his heart, and
dying to revenge himself upon Camilla, who
had done him no wrong, before Anselmo had
risen he hastened to him and said to him,
"Know, Anselmo, that for several days past I
have been struggling with myself, striving to
withhold from thee what it is no longer possi-
ble or right that I should conceal from thee.
Know that Camilla's fortress has surrendered
and is ready to submit to my will; and if I have
been slow to reveal this fact to thee, it was in
order to see if it were some light caprice of hers,
or if she sought to try me and ascertain if the
love I began to make to her with thy permission
was made with a serious intention. I thought,
too, that she, if she were what she ought to be,
and what we both believed her, would have ere
this given thee information of my addresses;
but seeing that she delays, I believe the truth of
the promise she has given me that the next time
thou art absent from the house she will grant
me an interview in the closet where thy jewels
are kept (and it was true that Camilla used to
meet him there); but I do not wish thee to rush
precipitately to take vengeance, for the sin is as
yet only committed in intention, and Camilla's
may change perhaps between this and the ap-
pointed time, and repentance spring up in its
place. As hitherto thou hast always followed
my advice wholly or in part, follow and obser-
ve this that I will give thee now, so that, wit-
hout mistake, and with mature deliberation,
thou mayest satisfy thyself as to what may se-
em the best course; pretend to absent thyself for
two or three days as thou hast been wont to do
on other occasions, and contrive to hide thyself
in the closet; for the tapestries and other things
there afford great facilities for thy concealment,
and then thou wilt see with thine own eyes and
I with mine what Camilla's purpose may be.
And if it be a guilty one, which may be feared
rather than expected, with silence, prudence,
and discretion thou canst thyself become the
instrument of punishment for the wrong done
thee."
 Anselmo was amazed, overwhelmed, and
astounded at the words of Lothario, which ca-
me upon him at a time when he least expected
to hear them, for he now looked upon Camilla
as having triumphed over the pretended at-
tacks of Lothario, and was beginning to enjoy
the glory of her victory. He remained silent for
a considerable time, looking on the ground
with fixed gaze, and at length said, "Thou hast
behaved, Lothario, as I expected of thy friends-
hip: I will follow thy advice in everything; do
as thou wilt, and keep this secret as thou seest it
should be kept in circumstances so unlooked
for."
Lothario gave him his word, but after lea-
ving him he repented altogether of what he had
said to him, perceiving how foolishly he had
acted, as he might have revenged himself upon
Camilla in some less cruel and degrading way.
He cursed his want of sense, condemned his
hasty resolution, and knew not what course to
take to undo the mischief or find some ready
escape from it. At last he decided upon revea-
ling all to Camilla, and, as there was no want of
opportunity for doing so, he found her alone
the same day; but she, as soon as she had the
chance of speaking to him, said, "Lothario my
friend, I must tell thee I have a sorrow in my
heart which fills it so that it seems ready to
burst; and it will be a wonder if it does not; for
the audacity of Leonela has now reached such a
pitch that every night she conceals a gallant of
hers in this house and remains with him till
morning, at the expense of my reputation;
inasmuch as it is open to anyone to question it
who may see him quitting my house at such
unseasonable hours; but what distresses me is
that I cannot punish or chide her, for her privi-
ty to our intrigue bridles my mouth and keeps
me silent about hers, while I am dreading that
some catastrophe will come of it."
As Camilla said this Lothario at first imagi-
ned it was some device to delude him into the
idea that the man he had seen going out was
Leonela's lover and not hers; but when he saw
how she wept and suffered, and begged him to
help her, he became convinced of the truth, and
the conviction completed his confusion and
remorse; however, he told Camilla not to di-
stress herself, as he would take measures to put
a stop to the insolence of Leonela. At the same
time he told her what, driven by the fierce rage
of jealousy, he had said to Anselmo, and how
he had arranged to hide himself in the closet
that he might there see plainly how little she
preserved her fidelity to him; and he entreated
her pardon for this madness, and her advice as
to how to repair it, and escape safely from the
intricate labyrinth in which his imprudence had
involved him. Camilla was struck with alarm at
hearing what Lothario said, and with much
anger, and great good sense, she reproved him
and rebuked his base design and the foolish
and mischievous resolution he had made; but
as woman has by nature a nimbler wit than
man for good and for evil, though it is apt to
fail when she sets herself deliberately to reason,
Camilla on the spur of the moment thought of a
way to remedy what was to all appearance
irremediable, and told Lothario to contrive that
the next day Anselmo should conceal himself
in the place he mentioned, for she hoped from
his concealment to obtain the means of their
enjoying themselves for the future without any
apprehension; and without revealing her pur-
pose to him entirely she charged him to be ca-
reful, as soon as Anselmo was concealed, to
come to her when Leonela should call him, and
to all she said to him to answer as he would
have answered had he not known that Ansel-
mo was listening. Lothario pressed her to ex-
plain her intention fully, so that he might with
more certainty and precaution take care to do
what he saw to be needful.
"I tell you," said Camilla, "there is nothing to
take care of except to answer me what I shall
ask you;" for she did not wish to explain to him
beforehand what she meant to do, fearing lest
he should be unwilling to follow out an idea
which seemed to her such a good one, and
should try or devise some other less practicable
plan.
Lothario then retired, and the next day An-
selmo, under pretence of going to his friend's
country house, took his departure, and then
returned to conceal himself, which he was able
to do easily, as Camilla and Leonela took care
to give him the opportunity; and so he placed
himself in hiding in the state of agitation that it
may be imagined he would feel who expected
to see the vitals of his honour laid bare before
his eyes, and found himself on the point of lo-
sing the supreme blessing he thought he pos-
sessed in his beloved Camilla. Having made
sure of Anselmo's being in his hiding-place,
Camilla and Leonela entered the closet, and the
instant she set foot within it Camilla said, with
a deep sigh, "Ah! dear Leonela, would it not be
better, before I do what I am unwilling you
should know lest you should seek to prevent it,
that you should take Anselmo's dagger that I
have asked of you and with it pierce this vile
heart of mine? But no; there is no reason why I
should suffer the punishment of another's fault.
I will first know what it is that the bold licen-
tious eyes of Lothario have seen in me that
could have encouraged him to reveal to me a
design so base as that which he has disclosed
regardless of his friend and of my honour. Go
to the window, Leonela, and call him, for no
doubt he is in the street waiting to carry out his
vile project; but mine, cruel it may be, but
honourable, shall be carried out first."
"Ah, senora," said the crafty Leonela, who
knew her part, "what is it you want to do with
this dagger? Can it be that you mean to take
your own life, or Lothario's? for whichever you
mean to do, it will lead to the loss of your repu-
tation and good name. It is better to dissemble
your wrong and not give this wicked man the
chance of entering the house now and finding
us alone; consider, senora, we are weak women
and he is a man, and determined, and as he
comes with such a base purpose, blind and ur-
ged by passion, perhaps before you can put
yours into execution he may do what will be
worse for you than taking your life. Ill betide
my master, Anselmo, for giving such authority
in his house to this shameless fellow! And sup-
posing you kill him, senora, as I suspect you
mean to do, what shall we do with him when
he is dead?"
"What, my friend?" replied Camilla, "we
shall leave him for Anselmo to bury him; for in
reason it will be to him a light labour to hide
his own infamy under ground. Summon him,
make haste, for all the time I delay in taking
vengeance for my wrong seems to me an offen-
ce against the loyalty I owe my husband."
Anselmo was listening to all this, and every
word that Camilla uttered made him change
his mind; but when he heard that it was resol-
ved to kill Lothario his first impulse was to
come out and show himself to avert such a dis-
aster; but in his anxiety to see the issue of a
resolution so bold and virtuous he restrained
himself, intending to come forth in time to pre-
vent the deed. At this moment Camilla, thro-
wing herself upon a bed that was close by,
swooned away, and Leonela began to weep
bitterly, exclaiming, "Woe is me! that I should
be fated to have dying here in my arms the
flower of virtue upon earth, the crown of true
wives, the pattern of chastity!" with more to the
same effect, so that anyone who heard her
would have taken her for the most tender-
hearted and faithful handmaid in the world,
and her mistress for another persecuted Pene-
lope.
Camilla was not long in recovering from her
fainting fit and on coming to herself she said,
"Why do you not go, Leonela, to call hither that
friend, the falsest to his friend the sun ever
shone upon or night concealed? Away, run,
haste, speed! lest the fire of my wrath burn it-
self out with delay, and the righteous vengean-
ce that I hope for melt away in menaces and
maledictions."
"I am just going to call him, senora," said
Leonela; "but you must first give me that dag-
ger, lest while I am gone you should by means
of it give cause to all who love you to weep all
their lives."
"Go in peace, dear Leonela, I will not do so,"
said Camilla, "for rash and foolish as I may be,
to your mind, in defending my honour, I am
not going to be so much so as that Lucretia who
they say killed herself without having done
anything wrong, and without having first ki-
lled him on whom the guilt of her misfortune
lay. I shall die, if I am to die; but it must be after
full vengeance upon him who has brought me
here to weep over audacity that no fault of mi-
ne gave birth to."
Leonela required much pressing before she
would go to summon Lothario, but at last she
went, and while awaiting her return Camilla
continued, as if speaking to herself, "Good God!
would it not have been more prudent to have
repulsed Lothario, as I have done many a time
before, than to allow him, as I am now doing, to
think me unchaste and vile, even for the short
time I must wait until I undeceive him? No
doubt it would have been better; but I should
not be avenged, nor the honour of my husband
vindicated, should he find so clear and easy an
escape from the strait into which his depravity
has led him. Let the traitor pay with his life for
the temerity of his wanton wishes, and let the
world know (if haply it shall ever come to
know) that Camilla not only preserved her
allegiance to her husband, but avenged him of
the man who dared to wrong him. Still, I think
it might be better to disclose this to Anselmo.
But then I have called his attention to it in the
letter I wrote to him in the country, and, if he
did nothing to prevent the mischief I there
pointed out to him, I suppose it was that from
pure goodness of heart and trustfulness he
would not and could not believe that any
thought against his honour could harbour in
the breast of so stanch a friend; nor indeed did I
myself believe it for many days, nor should I
have ever believed it if his insolence had not
gone so far as to make it manifest by open pre-
sents, lavish promises, and ceaseless tears. But
why do I argue thus? Does a bold determina-
tion stand in need of arguments? Surely not.
Then traitors avaunt! Vengeance to my aid! Let
the false one come, approach, advance, die,
yield up his life, and then befall what may. Pu-
re I came to him whom Heaven bestowed upon
me, pure I shall leave him; and at the worst
bathed in my own chaste blood and in the foul
blood of the falsest friend that friendship ever
saw in the world;" and as she uttered these
words she paced the room holding the uns-
heathed dagger, with such irregular and disor-
dered steps, and such gestures that one would
have supposed her to have lost her senses, and
taken her for some violent desperado instead of
a delicate woman.
 Anselmo, hidden behind some tapestries
where he had concealed himself, beheld and
was amazed at all, and already felt that what he
had seen and heard was a sufficient answer to
even greater suspicions; and he would have
been now well pleased if the proof afforded by
Lothario's coming were dispensed with, as he
feared some sudden mishap; but as he was on
the point of showing himself and coming forth
to embrace and undeceive his wife he paused
as he saw Leonela returning, leading Lothario.
Camilla when she saw him, drawing a long line
in front of her on the floor with the dagger, said
to him, "Lothario, pay attention to what I say to
thee: if by any chance thou darest to cross this
line thou seest, or even approach it, the instant I
see thee attempt it that same instant will I pier-
ce my bosom with this dagger that I hold in my
hand; and before thou answerest me a word
desire thee to listen to a few from me, and af-
terwards thou shalt reply as may please thee.
First, I desire thee to tell me, Lothario, if thou
knowest my husband Anselmo, and in what
light thou regardest him; and secondly I desire
to know if thou knowest me too. Answer me
this, without embarrassment or reflecting dee-
ply what thou wilt answer, for they are no ridd-
les I put to thee."
Lothario was not so dull but that from the
first moment when Camilla directed him to
make Anselmo hide himself he understood
what she intended to do, and therefore he fell
in with her idea so readily and promptly that
between them they made the imposture look
more true than truth; so he answered her thus:
"I did not think, fair Camilla, that thou wert
calling me to ask questions so remote from the
object with which I come; but if it is to defer the
promised reward thou art doing so, thou
mightst have put it off still longer, for the lon-
ging for happiness gives the more distress the
nearer comes the hope of gaining it; but lest
thou shouldst say that I do not answer thy
questions, I say that I know thy husband An-
selmo, and that we have known each other
from our earliest years; I will not speak of what
thou too knowest, of our friendship, that I may
not compel myself to testify against the wrong
that love, the mighty excuse for greater errors,
makes me inflict upon him. Thee I know and
hold in the same estimation as he does, for we-
re it not so I had not for a lesser prize acted in
opposition to what I owe to my station and the
holy laws of true friendship, now broken and
violated by me through that powerful enemy,
love."
"If thou dost confess that," returned Camilla,
"mortal enemy of all that rightly deserves to be
loved, with what face dost thou dare to come
before one whom thou knowest to be the mi-
rror wherein he is reflected on whom thou
shouldst look to see how unworthily thou him?
But, woe is me, I now comprehend what has
made thee give so little heed to what thou
owest to thyself; it must have been some free-
dom of mine, for I will not call it immodesty, as
it did not proceed from any deliberate inten-
tion, but from some heedlessness such as wo-
men are guilty of through inadvertence when
they think they have no occasion for reserve.
But tell me, traitor, when did I by word or sign
give a reply to thy prayers that could awaken
in thee a shadow of hope of attaining thy base
wishes? When were not thy professions of love
sternly and scornfully rejected and rebuked?
When were thy frequent pledges and still more
frequent gifts believed or accepted? But as I am
persuaded that no one can long persevere in
the attempt to win love unsustained by some
hope, I am willing to attribute to myself the
blame of thy assurance, for no doubt some
thoughtlessness of mine has all this time foste-
red thy hopes; and therefore will I punish my-
self and inflict upon myself the penalty thy
guilt deserves. And that thou mayest see that
being so relentless to myself I cannot possibly
be otherwise to thee, I have summoned thee to
be a witness of the sacrifice I mean to offer to
the injured honour of my honoured husband,
wronged by thee with all the assiduity thou
wert capable of, and by me too through want of
caution in avoiding every occasion, if I have
given any, of encouraging and sanctioning thy
base designs. Once more I say the suspicion in
my mind that some imprudence of mine has
engendered these lawless thoughts in thee, is
what causes me most distress and what I desire
most to punish with my own hands, for were
any other instrument of punishment employed
my error might become perhaps more widely
known; but before I do so, in my death I mean
to inflict death, and take with me one that will
fully satisfy my longing for the revenge I hope
for and have; for I shall see, wheresoever it may
be that I go, the penalty awarded by inflexible,
unswerving justice on him who has placed me
in a position so desperate."
As she uttered these words, with incredible
energy and swiftness she flew upon Lothario
with the naked dagger, so manifestly bent on
burying it in his breast that he was almost un-
certain whether these demonstrations were real
or feigned, for he was obliged to have recourse
to all his skill and strength to prevent her from
striking him; and with such reality did she act
this strange farce and mystification that, to give
it a colour of truth, she determined to stain it
with her own blood; for perceiving, or preten-
ding, that she could not wound Lothario, she
said, "Fate, it seems, will not grant my just desi-
re complete satisfaction, but it will not be able
to keep me from satisfying it partially at least;"
and making an effort to free the hand with the
dagger which Lothario held in his grasp, she
released it, and directing the point to a place
where it could not inflict a deep wound, she
plunged it into her left side high up close to the
shoulder, and then allowed herself to fall to the
ground as if in a faint.
Leonela and Lothario stood amazed and as-
tounded at the catastrophe, and seeing Camilla
stretched on the ground and bathed in her blo-
od they were still uncertain as to the true natu-
re of the act. Lothario, terrified and breathless,
ran in haste to pluck out the dagger; but when
he saw how slight the wound was he was relie-
ved of his fears and once more admired the
subtlety, coolness, and ready wit of the fair
Camilla; and the better to support the part he
had to play he began to utter profuse and dole-
ful lamentations over her body as if she were
dead, invoking maledictions not only on him-
self but also on him who had been the means of
placing him in such a position: and knowing
that his friend Anselmo heard him he spoke in
such a way as to make a listener feel much mo-
re pity for him than for Camilla, even though
he supposed her dead. Leonela took her up in
her arms and laid her on the bed, entreating
Lothario to go in quest of some one to attend to
her wound in secret, and at the same time as-
king his advice and opinion as to what they
should say to Anselmo about his lady's wound
if he should chance to return before it was hea-
led. He replied they might say what they liked,
for he was not in a state to give advice that
would be of any use; all he could tell her was to
try and stanch the blood, as he was going whe-
re he should never more be seen; and with eve-
ry appearance of deep grief and sorrow he left
the house; but when he found himself alone,
and where there was nobody to see him, he
crossed himself unceasingly, lost in wonder at
the adroitness of Camilla and the consistent
acting of Leonela. He reflected how convinced
Anselmo would be that he had a second Portia
for a wife, and he looked forward anxiously to
meeting him in order to rejoice together over
falsehood and truth the most craftily veiled that
could be imagined.
Leonela, as he told her, stanched her lady's
blood, which was no more than sufficed to
support her deception; and washing the wound
with a little wine she bound it up to the best of
her skill, talking all the time she was tending
her in a strain that, even if nothing else had
been said before, would have been enough to
assure Anselmo that he had in Camilla a model
of purity. To Leonela's words Camilla added
her own, calling herself cowardly and wanting
in spirit, since she had not enough at the time
she had most need of it to rid herself of the life
she so much loathed. She asked her attendant's
advice as to whether or not she ought to inform
her beloved husband of all that had happened,
but the other bade her say nothing about it, as
she would lay upon him the obligation of ta-
king vengeance on Lothario, which he could
not do but at great risk to himself; and it was
the duty of a true wife not to give her husband
provocation to quarrel, but, on the contrary, to
remove it as far as possible from him.
Camilla replied that she believed she was
right and that she would follow her advice, but
at any rate it would be well to consider how she
was to explain the wound to Anselmo, for he
could not help seeing it; to which Leonela ans-
wered that she did not know how to tell a lie
even in jest.
"How then can I know, my dear?" said Ca-
milla, "for I should not dare to forge or keep up
a falsehood if my life depended on it. If we can
think of no escape from this difficulty, it will be
better to tell him the plain truth than that he
should find us out in an untrue story."
"Be not uneasy, senora," said Leonela; "bet-
ween this and to-morrow I will think of what
we must say to him, and perhaps the wound
being where it is it can be hidden from his
sight, and Heaven will be pleased to aid us in a
purpose so good and honourable. Compose
yourself, senora, and endeavour to calm your
excitement lest my lord find you agitated; and
leave the rest to my care and God's, who al-
ways supports good intentions."
Anselmo had with the deepest attention lis-
tened to and seen played out the tragedy of the
death of his honour, which the performers ac-
ted with such wonderfully effective truth that it
seemed as if they had become the realities of
the parts they played. He longed for night and
an opportunity of escaping from the house to
go and see his good friend Lothario, and with
him give vent to his joy over the precious pearl
he had gained in having established his wife's
purity. Both mistress and maid took care to
give him time and opportunity to get away,
and taking advantage of it he made his escape,
and at once went in quest of Lothario, and it
would be impossible to describe how he em-
braced him when he found him, and the things
he said to him in the joy of his heart, and the
praises he bestowed upon Camilla; all which
Lothario listened to without being able to show
any pleasure, for he could not forget how de-
ceived his friend was, and how dishonourably
he had wronged him; and though Anselmo
could see that Lothario was not glad, still he
imagined it was only because he had left Cami-
lla wounded and had been himself the cause of
it; and so among other things he told him not to
be distressed about Camilla's accident, for, as
they had agreed to hide it from him, the wound
was evidently trifling; and that being so, he had
no cause for fear, but should henceforward be
of good cheer and rejoice with him, seeing that
by his means and adroitness he found himself
raised to the greatest height of happiness that
he could have ventured to hope for, and desi-
red no better pastime than making verses in
praise of Camilla that would preserve her name
for all time to come. Lothario commended his
purpose, and promised on his own part to aid
him in raising a monument so glorious.
And so Anselmo was left the most charmin-
gly hoodwinked man there could be in the
world. He himself, persuaded he was conduc-
ting the instrument of his glory, led home by
the hand him who had been the utter destruc-
tion of his good name; whom Camilla received
with averted countenance, though with smiles
in her heart. The deception was carried on for
some time, until at the end of a few months
Fortune turned her wheel and the guilt which
had been until then so skilfully concealed was
published abroad, and Anselmo paid with his
life the penalty of his ill-advised curiosity.

CHAPTER XXXV.

WHICH TREATS OF THE HEROIC

AND PRODIGIOUS BATTLE DON
QUIXOTE HAD WITH CERTAIN
SKINS OF RED WINE, AND BRINGS
THE NOVEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED
CURIOSITY" TO A CLOSE

There remained but little more of the novel

to be read, when Sancho Panza burst forth in
wild excitement from the garret where Don
Quixote was lying, shouting, "Run, sirs! quick;
and help my master, who is in the thick of the
toughest and stiffest battle I ever laid eyes on.
By the living God he has given the giant, the
enemy of my lady the Princess Micomicona,
such a slash that he has sliced his head clean off
as if it were a turnip."
"What are you talking about, brother?" said
the curate, pausing as he was about to read the
remainder of the novel. "Are you in your sen-
ses, Sancho? How the devil can it be as you say,
when the giant is two thousand leagues away?"
Here they heard a loud noise in the cham-
ber, and Don Quixote shouting out, "Stand,
thief, brigand, villain; now I have got thee, and
thy scimitar shall not avail thee!" And then it
seemed as though he were slashing vigorously
at the wall.
"Don't stop to listen," said Sancho, "but go in
and part them or help my master: though there
is no need of that now, for no doubt the giant is
dead by this time and giving account to God of
his past wicked life; for I saw the blood flowing
on the ground, and the head cut off and fallen
on one side, and it is as big as a large wine-
skin."
"May I die," said the landlord at this, "if Don
Quixote or Don Devil has not been slashing
some of the skins of red wine that stand full at
his bed's head, and the spilt wine must be what
this good fellow takes for blood;" and so saying
he went into the room and the rest after him,
and there they found Don Quixote in the stran-
gest costume in the world. He was in his shirt,
which was not long enough in front to cover his
thighs completely and was six fingers shorter
behind; his legs were very long and lean, cove-
red with hair, and anything but clean; on his
head he had a little greasy red cap that belon-
ged to the host, round his left arm he had rolled
the blanket of the bed, to which Sancho, for
reasons best known to himself, owed a grudge,
and in his right hand he held his unsheathed
sword, with which he was slashing about on all
sides, uttering exclamations as if he were actua-
lly fighting some giant: and the best of it was
his eyes were not open, for he was fast asleep,
and dreaming that he was doing battle with the
giant. For his imagination was so wrought
upon by the adventure he was going to accom-
plish, that it made him dream he had already
reached the kingdom of Micomicon, and was
engaged in combat with his enemy; and belie-
ving he was laying on the giant, he had given
so many sword cuts to the skins that the whole
room was full of wine. On seeing this the land-
lord was so enraged that he fell on Don Quixo-
te, and with his clenched fist began to pummel
him in such a way, that if Cardenio and the
curate had not dragged him off, he would have
brought the war of the giant to an end. But in
spite of all the poor gentleman never woke un-
til the barber brought a great pot of cold water
from the well and flung it with one dash all
over his body, on which Don Quixote woke up,
but not so completely as to understand what
was the matter. Dorothea, seeing how short
and slight his attire was, would not go in to
witness the battle between her champion and
her opponent. As for Sancho, he went searching
all over the floor for the head of the giant, and
not finding it he said, "I see now that it's all
enchantment in this house; for the last time, on
this very spot where I am now, I got ever so
many thumps without knowing who gave
them to me, or being able to see anybody; and
now this head is not to be seen anywhere
about, though I saw it cut off with my own eyes
and the blood running from the body as if from
a fountain."
"What blood and fountains are you talking
about, enemy of God and his saints?" said the
landlord. "Don't you see, you thief, that the
blood and the fountain are only these skins
here that have been stabbed and the red wine
swimming all over the room?—and I wish I
saw the soul of him that stabbed them swim-
ming in hell."
"I know nothing about that," said Sancho;
"all I know is it will be my bad luck that
through not finding this head my county will
melt away like salt in water;"—for Sancho awa-
ke was worse than his master asleep, so much
had his master's promises addled his wits.
The landlord was beside himself at the cool-
ness of the squire and the mischievous doings
of the master, and swore it should not be like
the last time when they went without paying;
and that their privileges of chivalry should not
hold good this time to let one or other of them
off without paying, even to the cost of the plugs
that would have to be put to the damaged wi-
ne-skins. The curate was holding Don Quixote's
hands, who, fancying he had now ended the
adventure and was in the presence of the Prin-
cess Micomicona, knelt before the curate and
said, "Exalted and beauteous lady, your high-
ness may live from this day forth fearless of
any harm this base being could do you; and I
too from this day forth am released from the
promise I gave you, since by the help of God on
high and by the favour of her by whom I live
and breathe, I have fulfilled it so successfully."
"Did not I say so?" said Sancho on hearing
this. "You see I wasn't drunk; there you see my
master has already salted the giant; there's no
doubt about the bulls; my county is all right!"
Who could have helped laughing at the ab-
surdities of the pair, master and man? And
laugh they did, all except the landlord, who
cursed himself; but at length the barber, Carde-
nio, and the curate contrived with no small
trouble to get Don Quixote on the bed, and he
fell asleep with every appearance of excessive
weariness. They left him to sleep, and came out
to the gate of the inn to console Sancho Panza
on not having found the head of the giant; but
much more work had they to appease the land-
lord, who was furious at the sudden death of
his wine-skins; and said the landlady half scol-
ding, half crying, "At an evil moment and in an
unlucky hour he came into my house, this
knight-errant—would that I had never set eyes
on him, for dear he has cost me; the last time he
went off with the overnight score against him
for supper, bed, straw, and barley, for himself
and his squire and a hack and an ass, saying he
was a knight adventurer—God send unlucky
adventures to him and all the adventurers in
the world—and therefore not bound to pay
anything, for it was so settled by the knight-
errantry tariff: and then, all because of him,
came the other gentleman and carried off my
tail, and gives it back more than two cuartillos
the worse, all stripped of its hair, so that it is no
use for my husband's purpose; and then, for a
finishing touch to all, to burst my wine-skins
and spill my wine! I wish I saw his own blood
spilt! But let him not deceive himself, for, by
the bones of my father and the shade of my
mother, they shall pay me down every quarts;
or my name is not what it is, and I am not my
father's daughter." All this and more to the sa-
me effect the landlady delivered with great
irritation, and her good maid Maritornes bac-
ked her up, while the daughter held her peace
and smiled from time to time. The curate smo-
othed matters by promising to make good all
losses to the best of his power, not only as re-
garded the wine-skins but also the wine, and
above all the depreciation of the tail which they
set such store by. Dorothea comforted Sancho,
telling him that she pledged herself, as soon as
it should appear certain that his master had
decapitated the giant, and she found herself
peacefully established in her kingdom, to bes-
tow upon him the best county there was in it.
With this Sancho consoled himself, and assured
the princess she might rely upon it that he had
seen the head of the giant, and more by token it
had a beard that reached to the girdle, and that
if it was not to be seen now it was because eve-
rything that happened in that house went by
enchantment, as he himself had proved the last
time he had lodged there. Dorothea said she
fully believed it, and that he need not be unea-
sy, for all would go well and turn out as he
wished. All therefore being appeased, the cura-
te was anxious to go on with the novel, as he
saw there was but little more left to read. Do-
rothea and the others begged him to finish it,
and he, as he was willing to please them, and
enjoyed reading it himself, continued the tale in
these words:
The result was, that from the confidence An-
selmo felt in Camilla's virtue, he lived happy
and free from anxiety, and Camilla purposely
looked coldly on Lothario, that Anselmo might
suppose her feelings towards him to be the op-
posite of what they were; and the better to sup-
port the position, Lothario begged to be excu-
sed from coming to the house, as the displeasu-
re with which Camilla regarded his presence
was plain to be seen. But the befooled Anselmo
said he would on no account allow such a
thing, and so in a thousand ways he became the
author of his own dishonour, while he believed
he was insuring his happiness. Meanwhile the
satisfaction with which Leonela saw herself
empowered to carry on her amour reached
such a height that, regardless of everything
else, she followed her inclinations unrestrai-
nedly, feeling confident that her mistress
would screen her, and even show her how to
manage it safely. At last one night Anselmo
heard footsteps in Leonela's room, and on
trying to enter to see who it was, he found that
the door was held against him, which made
him all the more determined to open it; and
exerting his strength he forced it open, and en-
tered the room in time to see a man leaping
through the window into the street. He ran
quickly to seize him or discover who he was,
but he was unable to effect either purpose, for
Leonela flung her arms round him crying, "Be
calm, senor; do not give way to passion or fo-
llow him who has escaped from this; he be-
longs to me, and in fact he is my husband."
 Anselmo would not believe it, but blind
with rage drew a dagger and threatened to stab
Leonela, bidding her tell the truth or he would
kill her. She, in her fear, not knowing what she
was saying, exclaimed, "Do not kill me, senor,
for I can tell you things more important than
any you can imagine."
"Tell me then at once or thou diest," said An-
selmo.
"It would be impossible for me now," said
Leonela, "I am so agitated: leave me till to-
morrow, and then you shall hear from me what
will fill you with astonishment; but rest assured
that he who leaped through the window is a
young man of this city, who has given me his
promise to become my husband."
Anselmo was appeased with this, and was
content to wait the time she asked of him, for
he never expected to hear anything against
Camilla, so satisfied and sure of her virtue was
he; and so he quitted the room, and left Leonela
locked in, telling her she should not come out
until she had told him all she had to make
known to him. He went at once to see Camilla,
and tell her, as he did, all that had passed bet-
ween him and her handmaid, and the promise
she had given him to inform him matters of
serious importance.
There is no need of saying whether Camilla
was agitated or not, for so great was her fear
and dismay, that, making sure, as she had good
reason to do, that Leonela would tell Anselmo
all she knew of her faithlessness, she had not
the courage to wait and see if her suspicions
were confirmed; and that same night, as soon
as she thought that Anselmo was asleep, she
packed up the most valuable jewels she had
and some money, and without being observed
by anybody escaped from the house and betook
herself to Lothario's, to whom she related what
had occurred, imploring him to convey her to
some place of safety or fly with her where they
might be safe from Anselmo. The state of per-
plexity to which Camilla reduced Lothario was
such that he was unable to utter a word in re-
ply, still less to decide upon what he should do.
At length he resolved to conduct her to a con-
vent of which a sister of his was prioress; Cami-
lla agreed to this, and with the speed which the
circumstances demanded, Lothario took her to
the convent and left her there, and then himself
quitted the city without letting anyone know of
his departure.
As soon as daylight came Anselmo, without
missing Camilla from his side, rose cager to
learn what Leonela had to tell him, and haste-
ned to the room where he had locked her in. He
opened the door, entered, but found no Leone-
la; all he found was some sheets knotted to the
window, a plain proof that she had let herself
down from it and escaped. He returned, unea-
sy, to tell Camilla, but not finding her in bed or
anywhere in the house he was lost in amaze-
ment. He asked the servants of the house about
her, but none of them could give him any ex-
planation. As he was going in search of Camilla
it happened by chance that he observed her
boxes were lying open, and that the greater
part of her jewels were gone; and now he be-
came fully aware of his disgrace, and that Leo-
nela was not the cause of his misfortune; and,
just as he was, without delaying to dress him-
self completely, he repaired, sad at heart and
dejected, to his friend Lothario to make known
his sorrow to him; but when he failed to find
him and the servants reported that he had been
absent from his house all night and had taken
with him all the money he had, he felt as
though he were losing his senses; and to make
all complete on returning to his own house he
found it deserted and empty, not one of all his
servants, male or female, remaining in it. He
knew not what to think, or say, or do, and his
reason seemed to be deserting him little by lit-
tle. He reviewed his position, and saw himself
in a moment left without wife, friend, or ser-
vants, abandoned, he felt, by the heaven above
him, and more than all robbed of his honour,
for in Camilla's disappearance he saw his own
ruin. After long reflection he resolved at last to
go to his friend's village, where he had been
staying when he afforded opportunities for the
contrivance of this complication of misfortune.
He locked the doors of his house, mounted his
horse, and with a broken spirit set out on his
journey; but he had hardly gone half-way
when, harassed by his reflections, he had to
dismount and tie his horse to a tree, at the foot
of which he threw himself, giving vent to pite-
ous heartrending sighs; and there he remained
till nearly nightfall, when he observed a man
approaching on horseback from the city, of
whom, after saluting him, he asked what was
the news in Florence.
The citizen replied, "The strangest that have
been heard for many a day; for it is reported
abroad that Lothario, the great friend of the
wealthy Anselmo, who lived at San Giovanni,
carried off last night Camilla, the wife of An-
selmo, who also has disappeared. All this has
been told by a maid-servant of Camilla's, whom
the governor found last night lowering herself
by a sheet from the windows of Anselmo's
house. I know not indeed, precisely, how the
affair came to pass; all I know is that the whole
city is wondering at the occurrence, for no one
could have expected a thing of the kind, seeing
the great and intimate friendship that existed
between them, so great, they say, that they we-
re called 'The Two Friends.'"
"Is it known at all," said Anselmo, "what ro-
ad Lothario and Camilla took?"
"Not in the least," said the citizen, "though
the governor has been very active in searching
for them."
"God speed you, senor," said Anselmo.
"God be with you," said the citizen and went
his way.
This disastrous intelligence almost robbed
Anselmo not only of his senses but of his life.
He got up as well as he was able and reached
the house of his friend, who as yet knew not-
hing of his misfortune, but seeing him come
pale, worn, and haggard, perceived that he was
suffering some heavy affliction. Anselmo at
once begged to be allowed to retire to rest, and
to be given writing materials. His wish was
complied with and he was left lying down and
alone, for he desired this, and even that the
door should be locked. Finding himself alone
he so took to heart the thought of his misfortu-
ne that by the signs of death he felt within him
he knew well his life was drawing to a close,
and therefore he resolved to leave behind him a
declaration of the cause of his strange end. He
began to write, but before he had put down all
he meant to say, his breath failed him and he
yielded up his life, a victim to the suffering
which his ill-advised curiosity had entailed
upon him. The master of the house observing
that it was now late and that Anselmo did not
call, determined to go in and ascertain if his
indisposition was increasing, and found him
lying on his face, his body partly in the bed,
partly on the writing-table, on which he lay
with the written paper open and the pen still in
his hand. Having first called to him without
receiving any answer, his host approached him,
and taking him by the hand, found that it was
cold, and saw that he was dead. Greatly surpri-
sed and distressed he summoned the house-
hold to witness the sad fate which had befallen
Anselmo; and then he read the paper, the
handwriting of which he recognised as his, and
which contained these words:
"A foolish and ill-advised desire has robbed
me of life. If the news of my death should reach
the ears of Camilla, let her know that I forgive
her, for she was not bound to perform miracles,
nor ought I to have required her to perform
them; and since I have been the author of my
own dishonour, there is no reason why-"
So far Anselmo had written, and thus it was
plain that at this point, before he could finish
what he had to say, his life came to an end. The
next day his friend sent intelligence of his death
to his relatives, who had already ascertained
his misfortune, as well as the convent where
Camilla lay almost on the point of accompan-
ying her husband on that inevitable journey,
not on account of the tidings of his death, but
because of those she received of her lover's de-
parture. Although she saw herself a widow, it
is said she refused either to quit the convent or
take the veil, until, not long afterwards, intelli-
gence reached her that Lothario had been killed
in a battle in which M. de Lautrec had been
recently engaged with the Great Captain Gon-
zalo Fernandez de Cordova in the kingdom of
Naples, whither her too late repentant lover
had repaired. On learning this Camilla took the
veil, and shortly afterwards died, worn out by
grief and melancholy. This was the end of all
three, an end that came of a thoughtless begin-
ning.
"I like this novel," said the curate; "but I can-
not persuade myself of its truth; and if it has
been invented, the author's invention is faulty,
for it is impossible to imagine any husband so
foolish as to try such a costly experiment as
Anselmo's. If it had been represented as occu-
rring between a gallant and his mistress it
might pass; but between husband and wife
there is something of an impossibility about it.
As to the way in which the story is told, howe-
ver, I have no fault to find."

CHAPTER XXXVI.

WHICH TREATS OF MORE CU-

RIOUS INCIDENTS THAT OCCU-
RRED AT THE INN

Just at that instant the landlord, who was

standing at the gate of the inn, exclaimed,
"Here comes a fine troop of guests; if they stop
here we may say gaudeamus."
"What are they?" said Cardenio.
"Four men," said the landlord, "riding a la ji-
neta, with lances and bucklers, and all with
black veils, and with them there is a woman in
white on a side-saddle, whose face is also vei-
led, and two attendants on foot."
"Are they very near?" said the curate.
"So near," answered the landlord, "that here
they come."
Hearing this Dorothea covered her face, and
Cardenio retreated into Don Quixote's room,
and they hardly had time to do so before the
whole party the host had described entered the
inn, and the four that were on horseback, who
were of highbred appearance and bearing,
dismounted, and came forward to take down
the woman who rode on the side-saddle, and
one of them taking her in his arms placed her in
a chair that stood at the entrance of the room
where Cardenio had hidden himself. All this
time neither she nor they had removed their
veils or spoken a word, only on sitting down on
the chair the woman gave a deep sigh and let
her arms fall like one that was ill and weak. The
attendants on foot then led the horses away to
the stable. Observing this the curate, curious to
know who these people in such a dress and
preserving such silence were, went to where
the servants were standing and put the ques-
tion to one of them, who answered him.
"Faith, sir, I cannot tell you who they are, I
only know they seem to be people of distinc-
tion, particularly he who advanced to take the
lady you saw in his arms; and I say so because
all the rest show him respect, and nothing is
done except what he directs and orders."
"And the lady, who is she?" asked the curate.
"That I cannot tell you either," said the ser-
vant, "for I have not seen her face all the way: I
have indeed heard her sigh many times and
utter such groans that she seems to be giving
up the ghost every time; but it is no wonder if
we do not know more than we have told you,
as my comrade and I have only been in their
company two days, for having met us on the
road they begged and persuaded us to accom-
pany them to Andalusia, promising to pay us
well."
"And have you heard any of them called by
his name?" asked the curate.
"No, indeed," replied the servant; "they all
preserve a marvellous silence on the road, for
not a sound is to be heard among them except
the poor lady's sighs and sobs, which make us
pity her; and we feel sure that wherever it is
she is going, it is against her will, and as far as
one can judge from her dress she is a nun or,
what is more likely, about to become one; and
perhaps it is because taking the vows is not of
her own free will, that she is so unhappy as she
seems to be."
"That may well be," said the curate, and lea-
ving them he returned to where Dorothea was,
who, hearing the veiled lady sigh, moved by
natural compassion drew near to her and said,
"What are you suffering from, senora? If it be
anything that women are accustomed and
know how to relieve, I offer you my services
with all my heart."
To this the unhappy lady made no reply;
and though Dorothea repeated her offers more
earnestly she still kept silence, until the gentle-
man with the veil, who, the servant said, was
obeyed by the rest, approached and said to Do-
rothea, "Do not give yourself the trouble, seno-
ra, of making any offers to that woman, for it is
her way to give no thanks for anything that is
done for her; and do not try to make her ans-
wer unless you want to hear some lie from her
lips."
"I have never told a lie," was the immediate
reply of her who had been silent until now; "on
the contrary, it is because I am so truthful and
so ignorant of lying devices that I am now in
this miserable condition; and this I call you
yourself to witness, for it is my unstained truth
that has made you false and a liar."
Cardenio heard these words clearly and dis-
tinctly, being quite close to the speaker, for the-
re was only the door of Don Quixote's room
between them, and the instant he did so, utte-
ring a loud exclamation he cried, "Good God!
what is this I hear? What voice is this that has
reached my ears?" Startled at the voice the lady
turned her head; and not seeing the speaker she
stood up and attempted to enter the room; ob-
serving which the gentleman held her back,
preventing her from moving a step. In her agi-
tation and sudden movement the silk with
which she had covered her face fell off and dis-
closed a countenance of incomparable and
marvellous beauty, but pale and terrified; for
she kept turning her eyes, everywhere she
could direct her gaze, with an eagerness that
made her look as if she had lost her senses, and
so marked that it excited the pity of Dorothea
and all who beheld her, though they knew not
what caused it. The gentleman grasped her
firmly by the shoulders, and being so fully oc-
cupied with holding her back, he was unable to
put a hand to his veil which was falling off, as
it did at length entirely, and Dorothea, who
was holding the lady in her arms, raising her
eyes saw that he who likewise held her was her
husband, Don Fernando. The instant she re-
cognised him, with a prolonged plaintive cry
drawn from the depths of her heart, she fell
backwards fainting, and but for the barber
being close by to catch her in his arms, she
would have fallen completely to the ground.
The curate at once hastened to uncover her face
and throw water on it, and as he did so Don
Fernando, for he it was who held the other in
his arms, recognised her and stood as if death-
stricken by the sight; not, however, relaxing his
grasp of Luscinda, for it was she that was
struggling to release herself from his hold,
having recognised Cardenio by his voice, as he
had recognised her. Cardenio also heard Do-
rothea's cry as she fell fainting, and imagining
that it came from his Luscinda burst forth in
terror from the room, and the first thing he saw
was Don Fernando with Luscinda in his arms.
Don Fernando, too, knew Cardenio at once;
and all three, Luscinda, Cardenio, and Dorot-
hea, stood in silent amazement scarcely kno-
wing what had happened to them.
They gazed at one another without spea-
king, Dorothea at Don Fernando, Don Fernan-
do at Cardenio, Cardenio at Luscinda, and Lus-
cinda at Cardenio. The first to break silence was
Luscinda, who thus addressed Don Fernando:
"Leave me, Senor Don Fernando, for the sake of
what you owe to yourself; if no other reason
will induce you, leave me to cling to the wall of
which I am the ivy, to the support from which
neither your importunities, nor your threats,
nor your promises, nor your gifts have been
able to detach me. See how Heaven, by ways
strange and hidden from our sight, has brought
me face to face with my true husband; and well
you know by dear-bought experience that de-
ath alone will be able to efface him from my
memory. May this plain declaration, then, lead
you, as you can do nothing else, to turn your
love into rage, your affection into resentment,
and so to take my life; for if I yield it up in the
presence of my beloved husband I count it well
bestowed; it may be by my death he will be
convinced that I kept my faith to him to the last
moment of life."
Meanwhile Dorothea had come to herself,
and had heard Luscinda's words, by means of
which she divined who she was; but seeing that
Don Fernando did not yet release her or reply
to her, summoning up her resolution as well as
she could she rose and knelt at his feet, and
with a flood of bright and touching tears ad-
dressed him thus:
"If, my lord, the beams of that sun that thou
holdest eclipsed in thine arms did not dazzle
and rob thine eyes of sight thou wouldst have
seen by this time that she who kneels at thy feet
is, so long as thou wilt have it so, the unhappy
and unfortunate Dorothea. I am that lowly pea-
sant girl whom thou in thy goodness or for thy
pleasure wouldst raise high enough to call her-
self thine; I am she who in the seclusion of in-
nocence led a contented life until at the voice of
thy importunity, and thy true and tender pas-
sion, as it seemed, she opened the gates of her
modesty and surrendered to thee the keys of
her liberty; a gift received by thee but than-
klessly, as is clearly shown by my forced retreat
to the place where thou dost find me, and by
thy appearance under the circumstances in
which I see thee. Nevertheless, I would not
have thee suppose that I have come here driven
by my shame; it is only grief and sorrow at se-
eing myself forgotten by thee that have led me.
It was thy will to make me thine, and thou di-
dst so follow thy will, that now, even though
thou repentest, thou canst not help being mine.
Bethink thee, my lord, the unsurpassable affec-
tion I bear thee may compensate for the beauty
and noble birth for which thou wouldst desert
me. Thou canst not be the fair Luscinda's be-
cause thou art mine, nor can she be thine be-
cause she is Cardenio's; and it will be easier,
remember, to bend thy will to love one who
adores thee, than to lead one to love thee who
abhors thee now. Thou didst address thyself to
my simplicity, thou didst lay siege to my vir-
tue, thou wert not ignorant of my station, well
dost thou know how I yielded wholly to thy
will; there is no ground or reason for thee to
plead deception, and if it be so, as it is, and if
thou art a Christian as thou art a gentleman,
why dost thou by such subterfuges put off ma-
king me as happy at last as thou didst at first?
And if thou wilt not have me for what I am, thy
true and lawful wife, at least take and accept
me as thy slave, for so long as I am thine I will
count myself happy and fortunate. Do not by
deserting me let my shame become the talk of
the gossips in the streets; make not the old age
of my parents miserable; for the loyal services
they as faithful vassals have ever rendered thi-
ne are not deserving of such a return; and if
thou thinkest it will debase thy blood to mingle
it with mine, reflect that there is little or no no-
bility in the world that has not travelled the
same road, and that in illustrious lineages it is
not the woman's blood that is of account; and,
moreover, that true nobility consists in virtue,
and if thou art wanting in that, refusing me
what in justice thou owest me, then even I have
higher claims to nobility than thine. To make an
end, senor, these are my last words to thee:
whether thou wilt, or wilt not, I am thy wife;
witness thy words, which must not and ought
not to be false, if thou dost pride thyself on that
for want of which thou scornest me; witness the
pledge which thou didst give me, and witness
Heaven, which thou thyself didst call to wit-
ness the promise thou hadst made me; and if all
this fail, thy own conscience will not fail to lift
up its silent voice in the midst of all thy gaiety,
and vindicate the truth of what I say and mar
thy highest pleasure and enjoyment."
All this and more the injured Dorothea deli-
vered with such earnest feeling and such tears
that all present, even those who came with Don
Fernando, were constrained to join her in them.
Don Fernando listened to her without replying,
until, ceasing to speak, she gave way to such
sobs and sighs that it must have been a heart of
brass that was not softened by the sight of so
great sorrow. Luscinda stood regarding her
with no less compassion for her sufferings than
admiration for her intelligence and beauty, and
would have gone to her to say some words of
comfort to her, but was prevented by Don Fer-
nando's grasp which held her fast. He, overw-
helmed with confusion and astonishment, after
regarding Dorothea for some moments with a
fixed gaze, opened his arms, and, releasing
Luscinda, exclaimed:
"Thou hast conquered, fair Dorothea, thou
hast conquered, for it is impossible to have the
heart to deny the united force of so many
truths."
Luscinda in her feebleness was on the point
of falling to the ground when Don Fernando
released her, but Cardenio, who stood near,
having retreated behind Don Fernando to esca-
pe recognition, casting fear aside and regard-
less of what might happen, ran forward to sup-
port her, and said as he clasped her in his arms,
"If Heaven in its compassion is willing to let
thee rest at last, mistress of my heart, true,
constant, and fair, nowhere canst thou rest mo-
re safely than in these arms that now receive
thee, and received thee before when fortune
permitted me to call thee mine."
At these words Luscinda looked up at Car-
denio, at first beginning to recognise him by his
voice and then satisfying herself by her eyes
that it was he, and hardly knowing what she
did, and heedless of all considerations of deco-
rum, she flung her arms around his neck and
pressing her face close to his, said, "Yes, my
dear lord, you are the true master of this your
slave, even though adverse fate interpose
again, and fresh dangers threaten this life that
hangs on yours."
A strange sight was this for Don Fernando
and those that stood around, filled with surpri-
se at an incident so unlooked for. Dorothea
fancied that Don Fernando changed colour and
looked as though he meant to take vengeance
on Cardenio, for she observed him put his hand
to his sword; and the instant the idea struck
her, with wonderful quickness she clasped him
round the knees, and kissing them and holding
him so as to prevent his moving, she said, whi-
le her tears continued to flow, "What is it thou
wouldst do, my only refuge, in this unforeseen
event? Thou hast thy wife at thy feet, and she
whom thou wouldst have for thy wife is in the
arms of her husband: reflect whether it will be
right for thee, whether it will be possible for
thee to undo what Heaven has done, or whet-
her it will be becoming in thee to seek to raise
her to be thy mate who in spite of every obsta-
cle, and strong in her truth and constancy, is
before thine eyes, bathing with the tears of love
the face and bosom of her lawful husband. For
God's sake I entreat of thee, for thine own I
implore thee, let not this open manifestation
rouse thy anger; but rather so calm it as to
allow these two lovers to live in peace and
quiet without any interference from thee so
long as Heaven permits them; and in so doing
thou wilt prove the generosity of thy lofty no-
ble spirit, and the world shall see that with thee
reason has more influence than passion."
All the time Dorothea was speaking, Carde-
nio, though he held Luscinda in his arms, never
took his eyes off Don Fernando, determined, if
he saw him make any hostile movement, to try
and defend himself and resist as best he could
all who might assail him, though it should cost
him his life. But now Don Fernando's friends,
as well as the curate and the barber, who had
been present all the while, not forgetting the
worthy Sancho Panza, ran forward and gat-
hered round Don Fernando, entreating him to
have regard for the tears of Dorothea, and not
suffer her reasonable hopes to be disappointed,
since, as they firmly believed, what she said
was but the truth; and bidding him observe
that it was not, as it might seem, by accident,
but by a special disposition of Providence that
they had all met in a place where no one could
have expected a meeting. And the curate bade
him remember that only death could part Lus-
cinda from Cardenio; that even if some sword
were to separate them they would think their
death most happy; and that in a case that ad-
mitted of no remedy his wisest course was, by
conquering and putting a constraint upon him-
self, to show a generous mind, and of his own
accord suffer these two to enjoy the happiness
Heaven had granted them. He bade him, too,
turn his eyes upon the beauty of Dorothea and
he would see that few if any could equal much
less excel her; while to that beauty should be
added her modesty and the surpassing love she
bore him. But besides all this, he reminded him
that if he prided himself on being a gentleman
and a Christian, he could not do otherwise than
keep his plighted word; and that in doing so he
would obey God and meet the approval of all
sensible people, who know and recognised it to
be the privilege of beauty, even in one of hum-
ble birth, provided virtue accompany it, to be
able to raise itself to the level of any rank, wit-
hout any slur upon him who places it upon an
equality with himself; and furthermore that
when the potent sway of passion asserts itself,
so long as there be no mixture of sin in it, he is
not to be blamed who gives way to it.
To be brief, they added to these such other
forcible arguments that Don Fernando's manly
heart, being after all nourished by noble blood,
was touched, and yielded to the truth which,
even had he wished it, he could not gainsay;
and he showed his submission, and acceptance
of the good advice that had been offered to
him, by stooping down and embracing Dorot-
hea, saying to her, "Rise, dear lady, it is not
right that what I hold in my heart should be
kneeling at my feet; and if until now I have
shown no sign of what I own, it may have been
by Heaven's decree in order that, seeing the
constancy with which you love me, I may learn
to value you as you deserve. What I entreat of
you is that you reproach me not with my trans-
gression and grievous wrong-doing; for the
same cause and force that drove me to make
you mine impelled me to struggle against being
yours; and to prove this, turn and look at the
eyes of the now happy Luscinda, and you will
see in them an excuse for all my errors: and as
she has found and gained the object of her desi-
res, and I have found in you what satisfies all
my wishes, may she live in peace and content-
ment as many happy years with her Cardenio,
as on my knees I pray Heaven to allow me to
live with my Dorothea;" and with these words
he once more embraced her and pressed his
face to hers with so much tenderness that he
had to take great heed to keep his tears from
completing the proof of his love and repentance
in the sight of all. Not so Luscinda, and Carde-
nio, and almost all the others, for they shed so
many tears, some in their own happiness, some
at that of the others, that one would have sup-
posed a heavy calamity had fallen upon them
all. Even Sancho Panza was weeping; though
afterwards he said he only wept because he
saw that Dorothea was not as he fancied the
queen Micomicona, of whom he expected such
great favours. Their wonder as well as their
weeping lasted some time, and then Cardenio
and Luscinda went and fell on their knees befo-
re Don Fernando, returning him thanks for the
favour he had rendered them in language so
grateful that he knew not how to answer them,
and raising them up embraced them with every
mark of affection and courtesy.
He then asked Dorothea how she had ma-
naged to reach a place so far removed from her
own home, and she in a few fitting words told
all that she had previously related to Cardenio,
with which Don Fernando and his companions
were so delighted that they wished the story
had been longer; so charmingly did Dorothea
describe her misadventures. When she had
finished Don Fernando recounted what had
befallen him in the city after he had found in
Luscinda's bosom the paper in which she decla-
red that she was Cardenio's wife, and never
could be his. He said he meant to kill her, and
would have done so had he not been prevented
by her parents, and that he quitted the house
full of rage and shame, and resolved to avenge
himself when a more convenient opportunity
should offer. The next day he learned that Lus-
cinda had disappeared from her father's house,
and that no one could tell whither she had go-
ne. Finally, at the end of some months he ascer-
tained that she was in a convent and meant to
remain there all the rest of her life, if she were
not to share it with Cardenio; and as soon as he
had learned this, taking these three gentlemen
as his companions, he arrived at the place whe-
re she was, but avoided speaking to her, fearing
that if it were known he was there stricter pre-
cautions would be taken in the convent; and
watching a time when the porter's lodge was
open he left two to guard the gate, and he and
the other entered the convent in quest of Lus-
cinda, whom they found in the cloisters in con-
versation with one of the nuns, and carrying
her off without giving her time to resist, they
reached a place with her where they provided
themselves with what they required for taking
her away; all which they were able to do in
complete safety, as the convent was in the
country at a considerable distance from the
city. He added that when Luscinda found her-
self in his power she lost all consciousness, and
after returning to herself did nothing but weep
and sigh without speaking a word; and thus in
silence and tears they reached that inn, which
for him was reaching heaven where all the mis-
chances of earth are over and at an end.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE

STORY OF THE FAMOUS PRINCESS
MICOMICONA, WITH OTHER
DROLL ADVENTURES

To all this Sancho listened with no little so-

rrow at heart to see how his hopes of dignity
were fading away and vanishing in smoke, and
how the fair Princess Micomicona had turned
into Dorothea, and the giant into Don Fernan-
do, while his master was sleeping tranquilly,
totally unconscious of all that had come to pass.
Dorothea was unable to persuade herself that
her present happiness was not all a dream;
Cardenio was in a similar state of mind, and
Luscinda's thoughts ran in the same direction.
Don Fernando gave thanks to Heaven for the
favour shown to him and for having been res-
cued from the intricate labyrinth in which he
had been brought so near the destruction of his
good name and of his soul; and in short every-
body in the inn was full of contentment and
satisfaction at the happy issue of such a com-
plicated and hopeless business. The curate as a
sensible man made sound reflections upon the
whole affair, and congratulated each upon his
good fortune; but the one that was in the hig-
hest spirits and good humour was the landla-
dy, because of the promise Cardenio and the
curate had given her to pay for all the losses
and damage she had sustained through Don
Quixote's means. Sancho, as has been already
said, was the only one who was distressed, un-
happy, and dejected; and so with a long face he
went in to his master, who had just awoke, and
said to him:
"Sir Rueful Countenance, your worship may
as well sleep on as much as you like, without
troubling yourself about killing any giant or
restoring her kingdom to the princess; for that
is all over and settled now."
"I should think it was," replied Don Quixote,
"for I have had the most prodigious and stu-
pendous battle with the giant that I ever re-
member having had all the days of my life; and
with one back-stroke-swish!—I brought his
head tumbling to the ground, and so much blo-
od gushed forth from him that it ran in rivulets
over the earth like water."
"Like red wine, your worship had better
say," replied Sancho; "for I would have you
know, if you don't know it, that the dead giant
is a hacked wine-skin, and the blood four-and-
twenty gallons of red wine that it had in its
belly, and the cut-off head is the bitch that bore
me; and the devil take it all."
 "What art thou talking about, fool?" said
Don Quixote; "art thou in thy senses?"
"Let your worship get up," said Sancho, "and
you will see the nice business you have made
of it, and what we have to pay; and you will see
the queen turned into a private lady called Do-
rothea, and other things that will astonish you,
if you understand them."
"I shall not be surprised at anything of the
kind," returned Don Quixote; "for if thou dost
remember the last time we were here I told thee
that everything that happened here was a mat-
ter of enchantment, and it would be no wonder
if it were the same now."
"I could believe all that," replied Sancho, "if
my blanketing was the same sort of thing also;
only it wasn't, but real and genuine; for I saw
the landlord, Who is here to-day, holding one
end of the blanket and jerking me up to the
skies very neatly and smartly, and with as
much laughter as strength; and when it comes
to be a case of knowing people, I hold for my
part, simple and sinner as I am, that there is no
enchantment about it at all, but a great deal of
bruising and bad luck."
"Well, well, God will give a remedy," said
Don Quixote; "hand me my clothes and let me
go out, for I want to see these transformations
and things thou speakest of."
Sancho fetched him his clothes; and while he
was dressing, the curate gave Don Fernando
and the others present an account of Don
Quixote's madness and of the stratagem they
had made use of to withdraw him from that
Pena Pobre where he fancied himself stationed
because of his lady's scorn. He described to
them also nearly all the adventures that Sancho
had mentioned, at which they marvelled and
laughed not a little, thinking it, as all did, the
strangest form of madness a crazy intellect
could be capable of. But now, the curate said,
that the lady Dorothea's good fortune preven-
ted her from proceeding with their purpose, it
would be necessary to devise or discover some
other way of getting him home.
Cardenio proposed to carry out the scheme
they had begun, and suggested that Luscinda
would act and support Dorothea's part suffi-
ciently well.
"No," said Don Fernando, "that must not be,
for I want Dorothea to follow out this idea of
hers; and if the worthy gentleman's village is
not very far off, I shall be happy if I can do
anything for his relief."
"It is not more than two days' journey from
this," said the curate.
"Even if it were more," said Don Fernando,
"I would gladly travel so far for the sake of
doing so good a work.
"At this moment Don Quixote came out in
full panoply, with Mambrino's helmet, all din-
ted as it was, on his head, his buckler on his
arm, and leaning on his staff or pike. The stran-
ge figure he presented filled Don Fernando and
the rest with amazement as they contemplated
his lean yellow face half a league long, his ar-
mour of all sorts, and the solemnity of his de-
portment. They stood silent waiting to see what
he would say, and he, fixing his eyes on the air
Dorothea, addressed her with great gravity and
composure:
"I am informed, fair lady, by my squire here
that your greatness has been annihilated and
your being abolished, since, from a queen and
lady of high degree as you used to be, you have
been turned into a private maiden. If this has
been done by the command of the magician
king your father, through fear that I should not
afford you the aid you need and are entitled to,
I may tell you he did not know and does not
know half the mass, and was little versed in the
annals of chivalry; for, if he had read and gone
through them as attentively and deliberately as
I have, he would have found at every turn that
knights of less renown than mine have accom-
plished things more difficult: it is no great mat-
ter to kill a whelp of a giant, however arrogant
he may be; for it is not many hours since I my-
self was engaged with one, and-I will not speak
of it, that they may not say I am lying; time,
however, that reveals all, will tell the tale when
we least expect it."
"You were engaged with a couple of wine-
skins, and not a giant," said the landlord at this;
but Don Fernando told him to hold his tongue
and on no account interrupt Don Quixote, who
continued, "I say in conclusion, high and disin-
herited lady, that if your father has brought
about this metamorphosis in your person for
the reason I have mentioned, you ought not to
attach any importance to it; for there is no peril
on earth through which my sword will not for-
ce a way, and with it, before many days are
over, I will bring your enemy's head to the
ground and place on yours the crown of your
kingdom."
Don Quixote said no more, and waited for
the reply of the princess, who aware of Don
Fernando's determination to carry on the de-
ception until Don Quixote had been conveyed
to his home, with great ease of manner and
gravity made answer, "Whoever told you, va-
liant Knight of the Rueful Countenance, that I
had undergone any change or transformation
did not tell you the truth, for I am the same as I
was yesterday. It is true that certain strokes of
good fortune, that have given me more than I
could have hoped for, have made some altera-
tion in me; but I have not therefore ceased to be
what I was before, or to entertain the same de-
sire I have had all through of availing myself of
the might of your valiant and invincible arm.
And so, senor, let your goodness reinstate the
father that begot me in your good opinion, and
be assured that he was a wise and prudent
man, since by his craft he found out such a sure
and easy way of remedying my misfortune; for
I believe, senor, that had it not been for you I
should never have lit upon the good fortune I
now possess; and in this I am saying what is
perfectly true; as most of these gentlemen who
are present can fully testify. All that remains is
to set out on our journey to-morrow, for to-day
we could not make much way; and for the rest
of the happy result I am looking forward to, I
trust to God and the valour of your heart."
So said the sprightly Dorothea, and on hea-
ring her Don Quixote turned to Sancho, and
said to him, with an angry air, "I declare now,
little Sancho, thou art the greatest little villain
in Spain. Say, thief and vagabond, hast thou not
just now told me that this princess had been
turned into a maiden called Dorothea, and that
the head which I am persuaded I cut off from a
giant was the bitch that bore thee, and other
nonsense that put me in the greatest perplexity
I have ever been in all my life? I vow" (and here
he looked to heaven and ground his teeth) "I
have a mind to play the mischief with thee, in a
way that will teach sense for the future to all
lying squires of knights-errant in the world."
"Let your worship be calm, senor," returned
Sancho, "for it may well be that I have been
mistaken as to the change of the lady princess
Micomicona; but as to the giant's head, or at
least as to the piercing of the wine-skins, and
the blood being red wine, I make no mistake, as
sure as there is a God; because the wounded
skins are there at the head of your worship's
bed, and the wine has made a lake of the room;
if not you will see when the eggs come to be
fried; I mean when his worship the landlord
calls for all the damages: for the rest, I am hear-
tily glad that her ladyship the queen is as she
was, for it concerns me as much as anyone."
"I tell thee again, Sancho, thou art a fool,"
said Don Quixote; "forgive me, and that will
do."
"That will do," said Don Fernando; "let us
say no more about it; and as her ladyship the
princess proposes to set out to-morrow because
it is too late to-day, so be it, and we will pass
the night in pleasant conversation, and to-
morrow we will all accompany Senor Don
Quixote; for we wish to witness the valiant and
unparalleled achievements he is about to per-
form in the course of this mighty enterprise
which he has undertaken."
"It is I who shall wait upon and accompany
you," said Don Quixote; "and I am much grati-
fied by the favour that is bestowed upon me,
and the good opinion entertained of me, which
I shall strive to justify or it shall cost me my life,
or even more, if it can possibly cost me more."
Many were the compliments and expres-
sions of politeness that passed between Don
Quixote and Don Fernando; but they were
brought to an end by a traveller who at this
moment entered the inn, and who seemed from
his attire to be a Christian lately come from the
country of the Moors, for he was dressed in a
short-skirted coat of blue cloth with half-
sleeves and without a collar; his breeches were
also of blue cloth, and his cap of the same co-
lour, and he wore yellow buskins and had a
Moorish cutlass slung from a baldric across his
breast. Behind him, mounted upon an ass, there
came a woman dressed in Moorish fashion,
with her face veiled and a scarf on her head,
and wearing a little brocaded cap, and a mantle
that covered her from her shoulders to her feet.
The man was of a robust and well-
proportioned frame, in age a little over forty,
rather swarthy in complexion, with long mous-
taches and a full beard, and, in short, his ap-
pearance was such that if he had been well
dressed he would have been taken for a person
of quality and good birth. On entering he asked
for a room, and when they told him there was
none in the inn he seemed distressed, and ap-
proaching her who by her dress seemed to be a
Moor he her down from saddle in his arms.
Luscinda, Dorothea, the landlady, her daughter
and Maritornes, attracted by the strange, and to
them entirely new costume, gathered round
her; and Dorothea, who was always kindly,
courteous, and quick-witted, perceiving that
both she and the man who had brought her
were annoyed at not finding a room, said to
her, "Do not be put out, senora, by the discom-
fort and want of luxuries here, for it is the way
of road-side inns to be without them; still, if
you will be pleased to share our lodging with
us (pointing to Luscinda) perhaps you will
have found worse accommodation in the cour-
se of your journey."
To this the veiled lady made no reply; all she
did was to rise from her seat, crossing her
hands upon her bosom, bowing her head and
bending her body as a sign that she returned
thanks. From her silence they concluded that
she must be a Moor and unable to speak a
Christian tongue.
At this moment the captive came up, having
been until now otherwise engaged, and seeing
that they all stood round his companion and
that she made no reply to what they addressed
to her, he said, "Ladies, this damsel hardly un-
derstands my language and can speak none but
that of her own country, for which reason she
does not and cannot answer what has been as-
ked of her."
"Nothing has been asked of her," returned
Luscinda; "she has only been offered our com-
pany for this evening and a share of the quar-
ters we occupy, where she shall be made as
comfortable as the circumstances allow, with
the good-will we are bound to show all stran-
gers that stand in need of it, especially if it be a
woman to whom the service is rendered."
"On her part and my own, senora," replied
the captive, "I kiss your hands, and I esteem
highly, as I ought, the favour you have offered,
which, on such an occasion and coming from
persons of your appearance, is, it is plain to see,
a very great one."
"Tell me, senor," said Dorothea, "is this lady
a Christian or a Moor? for her dress and her
silence lead us to imagine that she is what we
could wish she was not."
"In dress and outwardly," said he, "she is a
Moor, but at heart she is a thoroughly good
Christian, for she has the greatest desire to be-
come one."
"Then she has not been baptised?" returned
Luscinda.
"There has been no opportunity for that," re-
plied the captive, "since she left Algiers, her
native country and home; and up to the present
she has not found herself in any such imminent
danger of death as to make it necessary to bap-
tise her before she has been instructed in all the
ceremonies our holy mother Church ordains;
but, please God, ere long she shall be baptised
with the solemnity befitting her which is higher
than her dress or mine indicates."
By these words he excited a desire in all who
heard him, to know who the Moorish lady and
the captive were, but no one liked to ask just
then, seeing that it was a fitter moment for hel-
ping them to rest themselves than for questio-
ning them about their lives. Dorothea took the
Moorish lady by the hand and leading her to a
seat beside herself, requested her to remove her
veil. She looked at the captive as if to ask him
what they meant and what she was to do. He
said to her in Arabic that they asked her to take
off her veil, and thereupon she removed it and
disclosed a countenance so lovely, that to Do-
rothea she seemed more beautiful than Luscin-
da, and to Luscinda more beautiful than Dorot-
hea, and all the bystanders felt that if any beau-
ty could compare with theirs it was the Moo-
rish lady's, and there were even those who we-
re inclined to give it somewhat the preference.
And as it is the privilege and charm of beauty
to win the heart and secure good-will, all
forthwith became eager to show kindness and
attention to the lovely Moor.
Don Fernando asked the captive what her
name was, and he replied that it was Lela Zo-
raida; but the instant she heard him, she gues-
sed what the Christian had asked, and said
hastily, with some displeasure and energy, "No,
not Zoraida; Maria, Maria!" giving them to un-
derstand that she was called "Maria" and not
"Zoraida." These words, and the touching ear-
nestness with which she uttered them, drew
more than one tear from some of the listeners,
particularly the women, who are by nature
tender-hearted and compassionate. Luscinda
embraced her affectionately, saying, "Yes, yes,
Maria, Maria," to which the Moor replied, "Yes,
yes, Maria; Zoraida macange," which means
"not Zoraida."
Night was now approaching, and by the or-
ders of those who accompanied Don Fernando
the landlord had taken care and pains to prepa-
re for them the best supper that was in his po-
wer. The hour therefore having arrived they all
took their seats at a long table like a refectory
one, for round or square table there was none
in the inn, and the seat of honour at the head of
it, though he was for refusing it, they assigned
to Don Quixote, who desired the lady Micomi-
cona to place herself by his side, as he was her
protector. Luscinda and Zoraida took their pla-
ces next her, opposite to them were Don Fer-
nando and Cardenio, and next the captive and
the other gentlemen, and by the side of the la-
dies, the curate and the barber. And so they
supped in high enjoyment, which was increa-
sed when they observed Don Quixote leave off
eating, and, moved by an impulse like that
which made him deliver himself at such length
when he supped with the goatherds, begin to
address them:
"Verily, gentlemen, if we reflect upon it, gre-
at and marvellous are the things they see, who
make profession of the order of knight-
errantry. Say, what being is there in this world,
who entering the gate of this castle at this mo-
ment, and seeing us as we are here, would
suppose or imagine us to be what we are? Who
would say that this lady who is beside me was
the great queen that we all know her to be, or
that I am that Knight of the Rueful Countenan-
ce, trumpeted far and wide by the mouth of
Fame? Now, there can be no doubt that this art
and calling surpasses all those that mankind
has invented, and is the more deserving of
being held in honour in proportion as it is the
more exposed to peril. Away with those who
assert that letters have the preeminence over
arms; I will tell them, whosoever they may be,
that they know not what they say. For the rea-
son which such persons commonly assign, and
upon which they chiefly rest, is, that the la-
bours of the mind are greater than those of the
body, and that arms give employment to the
body alone; as if the calling were a porter's tra-
de, for which nothing more is required than
sturdy strength; or as if, in what we who pro-
fess them call arms, there were not included
acts of vigour for the execution of which high
intelligence is requisite; or as if the soul of the
warrior, when he has an army, or the defence of
a city under his care, did not exert itself as
much by mind as by body. Nay; see whether by
bodily strength it be possible to learn or divine
the intentions of the enemy, his plans, strata-
gems, or obstacles, or to ward off impending
mischief; for all these are the work of the mind,
and in them the body has no share whatever.
Since, therefore, arms have need of the mind, as
much as letters, let us see now which of the two
minds, that of the man of letters or that of the
warrior, has most to do; and this will be seen
by the end and goal that each seeks to attain;
for that purpose is the more estimable which
has for its aim the nobler object. The end and
goal of letters—I am not speaking now of divi-
ne letters, the aim of which is to raise and direct
the soul to Heaven; for with an end so infinite
no other can be compared—I speak of human
letters, the end of which is to establish distribu-
tive justice, give to every man that which is his,
and see and take care that good laws are obser-
ved: an end undoubtedly noble, lofty, and de-
serving of high praise, but not such as should
be given to that sought by arms, which have for
their end and object peace, the greatest boon
that men can desire in this life. The first good
news the world and mankind received was that
which the angels announced on the night that
was our day, when they sang in the air, 'Glory
to God in the highest, and peace on earth to
men of good-will;' and the salutation which the
great Master of heaven and earth taught his
disciples and chosen followers when they ente-
red any house, was to say, 'Peace be on this
house;' and many other times he said to them,
'My peace I give unto you, my peace I leave
you, peace be with you;' a jewel and a precious
gift given and left by such a hand: a jewel wit-
hout which there can be no happiness either on
earth or in heaven. This peace is the true end of
war; and war is only another name for arms.
This, then, being admitted, that the end of war
is peace, and that so far it has the advantage of
the end of letters, let us turn to the bodily la-
bours of the man of letters, and those of him
who follows the profession of arms, and see
which are the greater."
Don Quixote delivered his discourse in such
a manner and in such correct language, that for
the time being he made it impossible for any of
his hearers to consider him a madman; on the
contrary, as they were mostly gentlemen, to
whom arms are an appurtenance by birth, they
listened to him with great pleasure as he conti-
nued: "Here, then, I say is what the student has
to undergo; first of all poverty: not that all are
poor, but to put the case as strongly as possible:
and when I have said that he endures poverty, I
think nothing more need be said about his hard
fortune, for he who is poor has no share of the
good things of life. This poverty he suffers from
in various ways, hunger, or cold, or nakedness,
or all together; but for all that it is not so extre-
me but that he gets something to eat, though it
may be at somewhat unseasonable hours and
from the leavings of the rich; for the greatest
misery of the student is what they themselves
call 'going out for soup,' and there is always
some neighbour's brazier or hearth for them,
which, if it does not warm, at least tempers the
cold to them, and lastly, they sleep comfortably
at night under a roof. I will not go into other
particulars, as for example want of shirts, and
no superabundance of shoes, thin and thread-
bare garments, and gorging themselves to sur-
feit in their voracity when good luck has trea-
ted them to a banquet of some sort. By this road
that I have described, rough and hard, stum-
bling here, falling there, getting up again to fall
again, they reach the rank they desire, and that
once attained, we have seen many who have
passed these Syrtes and Scyllas and Charybdi-
ses, as if borne flying on the wings of favouring
fortune; we have seen them, I say, ruling and
governing the world from a chair, their hunger
turned into satiety, their cold into comfort, their
nakedness into fine raiment, their sleep on a
mat into repose in holland and damask, the
justly earned reward of their virtue; but, con-
trasted and compared with what the warrior
undergoes, all they have undergone falls far
short of it, as I am now about to show."
 CHAPTER XXXVIII.

WHICH TREATS OF THE CURIOUS

DISCOURSE DON QUIXOTE DELI-
VERED ON ARMS AND LETTERS

Continuing his discourse Don Quixote said:

"As we began in the student's case with poverty
and its accompaniments, let us see now if the
soldier is richer, and we shall find that in po-
verty itself there is no one poorer; for he is de-
pendent on his miserable pay, which comes late
or never, or else on what he can plunder, se-
riously imperilling his life and conscience; and
sometimes his nakedness will be so great that a
slashed doublet serves him for uniform and
shirt, and in the depth of winter he has to de-
fend himself against the inclemency of the we-
ather in the open field with nothing better than
the breath of his mouth, which I need not say,
coming from an empty place, must come out
cold, contrary to the laws of nature. To be sure
he looks forward to the approach of night to
make up for all these discomforts on the bed
that awaits him, which, unless by some fault of
his, never sins by being over narrow, for he can
easily measure out on the ground as he likes,
and roll himself about in it to his heart's content
without any fear of the sheets slipping away
from him. Then, after all this, suppose the day
and hour for taking his degree in his calling to
have come; suppose the day of battle to have
arrived, when they invest him with the doctor's
cap made of lint, to mend some bullet-hole,
perhaps, that has gone through his temples, or
left him with a crippled arm or leg. Or if this
does not happen, and merciful Heaven watches
over him and keeps him safe and sound, it may
be he will be in the same poverty he was in
before, and he must go through more engage-
ments and more battles, and come victorious
out of all before he betters himself; but miracles
of that sort are seldom seen. For tell me, sirs, if
you have ever reflected upon it, by how much
do those who have gained by war fall short of
the number of those who have perished in it?
No doubt you will reply that there can be no
comparison, that the dead cannot be numbered,
while the living who have been rewarded may
be summed up with three figures. All which is
the reverse in the case of men of letters; for by
skirts, to say nothing of sleeves, they all find
means of support; so that though the soldier
has more to endure, his reward is much less.
But against all this it may be urged that it is
easier to reward two thousand soldiers, for the
former may be remunerated by giving them
places, which must perforce be conferred upon
men of their calling, while the latter can only be
recompensed out of the very property of the
master they serve; but this impossibility only
strengthens my argument.
 "Putting this, however, aside, for it is a puzz-
ling question for which it is difficult to find a
solution, let us return to the superiority of arms
over letters, a matter still undecided, so many
are the arguments put forward on each side; for
besides those I have mentioned, letters say that
without them arms cannot maintain themsel-
ves, for war, too, has its laws and is governed
by them, and laws belong to the domain of let-
ters and men of letters. To this arms make ans-
wer that without them laws cannot be maintai-
ned, for by arms states are defended, kingdoms
preserved, cities protected, roads made safe,
seas cleared of pirates; and, in short, if it were
not for them, states, kingdoms, monarchies,
cities, ways by sea and land would be exposed
to the violence and confusion which war brings
with it, so long as it lasts and is free to make
use of its privileges and powers. And then it is
plain that whatever costs most is valued and
deserves to be valued most. To attain to emi-
nence in letters costs a man time, watching,
hunger, nakedness, headaches, indigestions,
and other things of the sort, some of which I
have already referred to. But for a man to come
in the ordinary course of things to be a good
soldier costs him all the student suffers, and in
an incomparably higher degree, for at every
step he runs the risk of losing his life. For what
dread of want or poverty that can reach or
harass the student can compare with what the
soldier feels, who finds himself beleaguered in
some stronghold mounting guard in some ra-
velin or cavalier, knows that the enemy is pus-
hing a mine towards the post where he is sta-
tioned, and cannot under any circumstances
retire or fly from the imminent danger that
threatens him? All he can do is to inform his
captain of what is going on so that he may try
to remedy it by a counter-mine, and then stand
his ground in fear and expectation of the mo-
ment when he will fly up to the clouds without
wings and descend into the deep against his
will. And if this seems a trifling risk, let us see
whether it is equalled or surpassed by the en-
counter of two galleys stem to stem, in the
midst of the open sea, locked and entangled
one with the other, when the soldier has no
more standing room than two feet of the plank
of the spur; and yet, though he sees before him
threatening him as many ministers of death as
there are cannon of the foe pointed at him, not
a lance length from his body, and sees too that
with the first heedless step he will go down to
visit the profundities of Neptune's bosom, still
with dauntless heart, urged on by honour that
nerves him, he makes himself a target for all
that musketry, and struggles to cross that na-
rrow path to the enemy's ship. And what is still
more marvellous, no sooner has one gone
down into the depths he will never rise from
till the end of the world, than another takes his
place; and if he too falls into the sea that waits
for him like an enemy, another and another will
succeed him without a moment's pause betwe-
en their deaths: courage and daring the greatest
that all the chances of war can show. Happy the
blest ages that knew not the dread fury of those
devilish engines of artillery, whose inventor I
am persuaded is in hell receiving the reward of
his diabolical invention, by which he made it
easy for a base and cowardly arm to take the
life of a gallant gentleman; and that, when he
knows not how or whence, in the height of the
ardour and enthusiasm that fire and animate
brave hearts, there should come some random
bullet, discharged perhaps by one who fled in
terror at the flash when he fired off his accursed
machine, which in an instant puts an end to the
projects and cuts off the life of one who deser-
ved to live for ages to come. And thus when I
reflect on this, I am almost tempted to say that
in my heart I repent of having adopted this
profession of knight-errant in so detestable an
age as we live in now; for though no peril can
make me fear, still it gives me some uneasiness
to think that powder and lead may rob me of
the opportunity of making myself famous and
renowned throughout the known earth by the
might of my arm and the edge of my sword.
But Heaven's will be done; if I succeed in my
attempt I shall be all the more honoured, as I
have faced greater dangers than the knights-
errant of yore exposed themselves to."
All this lengthy discourse Don Quixote deli-
vered while the others supped, forgetting to
raise a morsel to his lips, though Sancho more
than once told him to eat his supper, as he
would have time enough afterwards to say all
he wanted. It excited fresh pity in those who
had heard him to see a man of apparently
sound sense, and with rational views on every
subject he discussed, so hopelessly wanting in
all, when his wretched unlucky chivalry was in
question. The curate told him he was quite
right in all he had said in favour of arms, and
that he himself, though a man of letters and a
graduate, was of the same opinion.
They finished their supper, the cloth was
removed, and while the hostess, her daughter,
and Maritornes were getting Don Quixote of La
Mancha's garret ready, in which it was arran-
ged that the women were to be quartered by
themselves for the night, Don Fernando begged
the captive to tell them the story of his life, for
it could not fail to be strange and interesting, to
judge by the hints he had let fall on his arrival
in company with Zoraida. To this the captive
replied that he would very willingly yield to
his request, only he feared his tale would not
give them as much pleasure as he wished; ne-
vertheless, not to be wanting in compliance, he
would tell it. The curate and the others thanked
him and added their entreaties, and he finding
himself so pressed said there was no occasion
ask, where a command had such weight, and
added, "If your worships will give me your
attention you will hear a true story which, per-
haps, fictitious ones constructed with ingenious
and studied art cannot come up to." These
words made them settle themselves in their
places and preserve a deep silence, and he se-
eing them waiting on his words in mute expec-
tation, began thus in a pleasant quiet voice.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

WHEREIN THE CAPTIVE RELATES

HIS LIFE AND ADVENTURES

My family had its origin in a village in the

mountains of Leon, and nature had been kinder
and more generous to it than fortune; though in
the general poverty of those communities my
father passed for being even a rich man; and he
would have been so in reality had he been as
clever in preserving his property as he was in
spending it. This tendency of his to be liberal
and profuse he had acquired from having been
a soldier in his youth, for the soldier's life is a
school in which the niggard becomes free-
handed and the free-handed prodigal; and if
any soldiers are to be found who are misers,
they are monsters of rare occurrence. My father
went beyond liberality and bordered on prodi-
gality, a disposition by no means advantageous
to a married man who has children to succeed
to his name and position. My father had three,
all sons, and all of sufficient age to make choice
of a profession. Finding, then, that he was una-
ble to resist his propensity, he resolved to di-
vest himself of the instrument and cause of his
prodigality and lavishness, to divest himself of
wealth, without which Alexander himself
would have seemed parsimonious; and so ca-
lling us all three aside one day into a room, he
addressed us in words somewhat to the follo-
wing effect:
"My sons, to assure you that I love you, no
more need be known or said than that you are
my sons; and to encourage a suspicion that I do
not love you, no more is needed than the know-
ledge that I have no self-control as far as pre-
servation of your patrimony is concerned; the-
refore, that you may for the future feel sure that
I love you like a father, and have no wish to
ruin you like a stepfather, I propose to do with
you what I have for some time back meditated,
and after mature deliberation decided upon.
You are now of an age to choose your line of
life or at least make choice of a calling that will
bring you honour and profit when you are ol-
der; and what I have resolved to do is to divide
my property into four parts; three I will give to
you, to each his portion without making any
difference, and the other I will retain to live
upon and support myself for whatever remain-
der of life Heaven may be pleased to grant me.
But I wish each of you on taking possession of
the share that falls to him to follow one of the
paths I shall indicate. In this Spain of ours there
is a proverb, to my mind very true—as they all
are, being short aphorisms drawn from long
practical experience—and the one I refer to
says, 'The church, or the sea, or the king's hou-
se;' as much as to say, in plainer language,
whoever wants to flourish and become rich, let
him follow the church, or go to sea, adopting
commerce as his calling, or go into the king's
service in his household, for they say, 'Better a
king's crumb than a lord's favour.' I say so be-
cause it is my will and pleasure that one of you
should follow letters, another trade, and the
third serve the king in the wars, for it is a diffi-
cult matter to gain admission to his service in
his household, and if war does not bring much
wealth it confers great distinction and fame.
Eight days hence I will give you your full sha-
res in money, without defrauding you of a fart-
hing, as you will see in the end. Now tell me if
you are willing to follow out my idea and advi-
ce as I have laid it before you."
Having called upon me as the eldest to ans-
wer, I, after urging him not to strip himself of
his property but to spend it all as he pleased,
for we were young men able to gain our living,
consented to comply with his wishes, and said
that mine were to follow the profession of arms
and thereby serve God and my king. My se-
cond brother having made the same proposal,
decided upon going to the Indies, embarking
the portion that fell to him in trade. The youn-
gest, and in my opinion the wisest, said he
would rather follow the church, or go to com-
plete his studies at Salamanca. As soon as we
had come to an understanding, and made choi-
ce of our professions, my father embraced us
all, and in the short time he mentioned carried
into effect all he had promised; and when he
had given to each his share, which as well as I
remember was three thousand ducats apiece in
cash (for an uncle of ours bought the estate and
paid for it down, not to let it go out of the fami-
ly), we all three on the same day took leave of
our good father; and at the same time, as it
seemed to me inhuman to leave my father with
such scanty means in his old age, I induced him
to take two of my three thousand ducats, as the
remainder would be enough to provide me
with all a soldier needed. My two brothers,
moved by my example, gave him each a thou-
sand ducats, so that there was left for my father
four thousand ducats in money, besides three
thousand, the value of the portion that fell to
him which he preferred to retain in land inste-
ad of selling it. Finally, as I said, we took leave
of him, and of our uncle whom I have mentio-
ned, not without sorrow and tears on both si-
des, they charging us to let them know whene-
ver an opportunity offered how we fared,
whether well or ill. We promised to do so, and
when he had embraced us and given us his
blessing, one set out for Salamanca, the other
for Seville, and I for Alicante, where I had
heard there was a Genoese vessel taking in a
cargo of wool for Genoa.
It is now some twenty-two years since I left
my father's house, and all that time, though I
have written several letters, I have had no news
whatever of him or of my brothers; my own
adventures during that period I will now relate
briefly. I embarked at Alicante, reached Genoa
after a prosperous voyage, and proceeded
thence to Milan, where I provided myself with
arms and a few soldier's accoutrements; thence
it was my intention to go and take service in
Piedmont, but as I was already on the road to
Alessandria della Paglia, I learned that the gre-
at Duke of Alva was on his way to Flanders. I
changed my plans, joined him, served under
him in the campaigns he made, was present at
the deaths of the Counts Egmont and Horn,
and was promoted to be ensign under a famous
captain of Guadalajara, Diego de Urbina by
name. Some time after my arrival in Flanders
news came of the league that his Holiness Pope
Pius V of happy memory, had made with Veni-
ce and Spain against the common enemy, the
Turk, who had just then with his fleet taken the
famous island of Cyprus, which belonged to
the Venetians, a loss deplorable and disastrous.
It was known as a fact that the Most Serene
Don John of Austria, natural brother of our
good king Don Philip, was coming as com-
mander-in-chief of the allied forces, and ru-
mours were abroad of the vast warlike prepara-
tions which were being made, all which stirred
my heart and filled me with a longing to take
part in the campaign which was expected; and
though I had reason to believe, and almost cer-
tain promises, that on the first opportunity that
presented itself I should be promoted to be cap-
tain, I preferred to leave all and betake myself,
as I did, to Italy; and it was my good fortune
that Don John had just arrived at Genoa, and
was going on to Naples to join the Venetian
fleet, as he afterwards did at Messina. I may
say, in short, that I took part in that glorious
expedition, promoted by this time to be a cap-
tain of infantry, to which honourable charge
my good luck rather than my merits raised me;
and that day—so fortunate for Christendom,
because then all the nations of the earth were
disabused of the error under which they lay in
imagining the Turks to be invincible on sea-on
that day, I say, on which the Ottoman pride
and arrogance were broken, among all that
were there made happy (for the Christians who
died that day were happier than those who
remained alive and victorious) I alone was mi-
serable; for, instead of some naval crown that I
might have expected had it been in Roman ti-
mes, on the night that followed that famous
day I found myself with fetters on my feet and
manacles on my hands.
It happened in this way: El Uchali, the king
of Algiers, a daring and successful corsair,
having attacked and taken the leading Maltese
galley (only three knights being left alive in it,
and they badly wounded), the chief galley of
John Andrea, on board of which I and my com-
pany were placed, came to its relief, and doing
as was bound to do in such a case, I leaped on
board the enemy's galley, which, sheering off
from that which had attacked it, prevented my
men from following me, and so I found myself
alone in the midst of my enemies, who were in
such numbers that I was unable to resist; in
short I was taken, covered with wounds; El
Uchali, as you know, sirs, made his escape with
his entire squadron, and I was left a prisoner in
his power, the only sad being among so many
filled with joy, and the only captive among so
many free; for there were fifteen thousand
Christians, all at the oar in the Turkish fleet,
that regained their longed-for liberty that day.
They carried me to Constantinople, where
the Grand Turk, Selim, made my master gene-
ral at sea for having done his duty in the battle
and carried off as evidence of his bravery the
standard of the Order of Malta. The following
year, which was the year seventy-two, I found
myself at Navarino rowing in the leading ga-
lley with the three lanterns. There I saw and
observed how the opportunity of capturing the
whole Turkish fleet in harbour was lost; for all
the marines and janizzaries that belonged to it
made sure that they were about to be attacked
inside the very harbour, and had their kits and
pasamaques, or shoes, ready to flee at once on
shore without waiting to be assailed, in so great
fear did they stand of our fleet. But Heaven
ordered it otherwise, not for any fault or ne-
glect of the general who commanded on our
side, but for the sins of Christendom, and be-
cause it was God's will and pleasure that we
should always have instruments of punishment
to chastise us. As it was, El Uchali took refuge
at Modon, which is an island near Navarino,
and landing forces fortified the mouth of the
harbour and waited quietly until Don John reti-
red. On this expedition was taken the galley
called the Prize, whose captain was a son of the
famous corsair Barbarossa. It was taken by the
chief Neapolitan galley called the She-wolf,
commanded by that thunderbolt of war, that
father of his men, that successful and uncon-
quered captain Don Alvaro de Bazan, Marquis
of Santa Cruz; and I cannot help telling you
what took place at the capture of the Prize.
The son of Barbarossa was so cruel, and trea-
ted his slaves so badly, that, when those who
were at the oars saw that the She-wolf galley
was bearing down upon them and gaining
upon them, they all at once dropped their oars
and seized their captain who stood on the stage
at the end of the gangway shouting to them to
row lustily; and passing him on from bench to
bench, from the poop to the prow, they so bit
him that before he had got much past the mast
his soul had already got to hell; so great, as I
said, was the cruelty with which he treated
them, and the hatred with which they hated
him.
We returned to Constantinople, and the fo-
llowing year, seventy-three, it became known
that Don John had seized Tunis and taken the
kingdom from the Turks, and placed Muley
Hamet in possession, putting an end to the
hopes which Muley Hamida, the cruelest and
bravest Moor in the world, entertained of re-
turning to reign there. The Grand Turk took the
loss greatly to heart, and with the cunning
which all his race possess, he made peace with
the Venetians (who were much more eager for
it than he was), and the following year, seven-
ty-four, he attacked the Goletta and the fort
which Don John had left half built near Tunis.
While all these events were occurring, I was
labouring at the oar without any hope of free-
dom; at least I had no hope of obtaining it by
ransom, for I was firmly resolved not to write
to my father telling him of my misfortunes. At
length the Goletta fell, and the fort fell, before
which places there were seventy-five thousand
regular Turkish soldiers, and more than four
hundred thousand Moors and Arabs from all
parts of Africa, and in the train of all this great
host such munitions and engines of war, and so
many pioneers that with their hands they
might have covered the Goletta and the fort
with handfuls of earth. The first to fall was the
Goletta, until then reckoned impregnable, and
it fell, not by any fault of its defenders, who did
all that they could and should have done, but
because experiment proved how easily en-
trenchments could be made in the desert sand
there; for water used to be found at two palms
depth, while the Turks found none at two
yards; and so by means of a quantity of sand-
bags they raised their works so high that they
commanded the walls of the fort, sweeping
them as if from a cavalier, so that no one was
able to make a stand or maintain the defence.
It was a common opinion that our men
should not have shut themselves up in the Go-
letta, but should have waited in the open at the
landing-place; but those who say so talk at ran-
dom and with little knowledge of such matters;
for if in the Goletta and in the fort there were
barely seven thousand soldiers, how could
such a small number, however resolute, sally
out and hold their own against numbers like
those of the enemy? And how is it possible to
help losing a stronghold that is not relieved,
above all when surrounded by a host of deter-
mined enemies in their own country? But many
thought, and I thought so too, that it was spe-
cial favour and mercy which Heaven showed to
Spain in permitting the destruction of that
source and hiding place of mischief, that de-
vourer, sponge, and moth of countless money,
fruitlessly wasted there to no other purpose
save preserving the memory of its capture by
the invincible Charles V; as if to make that
eternal, as it is and will be, these stones were
needed to support it. The fort also fell; but the
Turks had to win it inch by inch, for the sol-
diers who defended it fought so gallantly and
stoutly that the number of the enemy killed in
twenty-two general assaults exceeded twenty-
five thousand. Of three hundred that remained
alive not one was taken unwounded, a clear
and manifest proof of their gallantry and reso-
lution, and how sturdily they had defended
themselves and held their post. A small fort or
tower which was in the middle of the lagoon
under the command of Don Juan Zanoguera, a
Valencian gentleman and a famous soldier,
capitulated upon terms. They took prisoner
Don Pedro Puertocarrero, commandant of the
Goletta, who had done all in his power to de-
fend his fortress, and took the loss of it so much
to heart that he died of grief on the way to
Constantinople, where they were carrying him
a prisoner. They also took the commandant of
the fort, Gabrio Cerbellon by name, a Milanese
gentleman, a great engineer and a very brave
soldier. In these two fortresses perished many
persons of note, among whom was Pagano Do-
ria, knight of the Order of St. John, a man of
generous disposition, as was shown by his ex-
treme liberality to his brother, the famous John
Andrea Doria; and what made his death the
more sad was that he was slain by some Arabs
to whom, seeing that the fort was now lost, he
entrusted himself, and who offered to conduct
him in the disguise of a Moor to Tabarca, a
small fort or station on the coast held by the
Genoese employed in the coral fishery. These
Arabs cut off his head and carried it to the
commander of the Turkish fleet, who proved
on them the truth of our Castilian proverb, that
"though the treason may please, the traitor is
hated;" for they say he ordered those who
brought him the present to be hanged for not
having brought him alive.
Among the Christians who were taken in the
fort was one named Don Pedro de Aguilar, a
native of some place, I know not what, in An-
dalusia, who had been ensign in the fort, a sol-
dier of great repute and rare intelligence, who
had in particular a special gift for what they call
poetry. I say so because his fate brought him to
my galley and to my bench, and made him a
slave to the same master; and before we left the
port this gentleman composed two sonnets by
way of epitaphs, one on the Goletta and the
other on the fort; indeed, I may as well repeat
them, for I have them by heart, and I think they
will be liked rather than disliked.
The instant the captive mentioned the name
of Don Pedro de Aguilar, Don Fernando looked
at his companions and they all three smiled;
and when he came to speak of the sonnets one
of them said, "Before your worship proceeds
any further I entreat you to tell me what beca-
me of that Don Pedro de Aguilar you have
spoken of."
"All I know is," replied the captive, "that af-
ter having been in Constantinople two years, he
escaped in the disguise of an Arnaut, in com-
pany with a Greek spy; but whether he regai-
ned his liberty or not I cannot tell, though I fan-
cy he did, because a year afterwards I saw the
Greek at Constantinople, though I was unable
to ask him what the result of the journey was."
"Well then, you are right," returned the gen-
tleman, "for that Don Pedro is my brother, and
he is now in our village in good health, rich,
married, and with three children."
 "Thanks be to God for all the mercies he has
shown him," said the captive; "for to my mind
there is no happiness on earth to compare with
recovering lost liberty."
"And what is more," said the gentleman, "I
know the sonnets my brother made."
"Then let your worship repeat them," said
the captive, "for you will recite them better than
I can."
"With all my heart," said the gentleman;
"that on the Goletta runs thus."

CHAPTER XL.

IN WHICH THE STORY OF THE

CAPTIVE IS CONTINUED.
 SONNET
"Blest souls, that, from this mortal husk set
free,
In guerdon of brave deeds beatified,
Above this lowly orb of ours abide
Made heirs of heaven and immortality,
With noble rage and ardour glowing ye
Your strength, while strength was yours, in
battle plied,
And with your own blood and the foeman's
dyed
The sandy soil and the encircling sea.
It was the ebbing life-blood first that failed
The weary arms; the stout hearts never quailed.
Though vanquished, yet ye earned the victor's
crown:
Though mourned, yet still triumphant was
your fall
For there ye won, between the sword and wall,
In Heaven glory and on earth renown."
"That is it exactly, according to my recollec-
tion," said the captive.
 "Well then, that on the fort," said the gen-
tleman, "if my memory serves me, goes thus:

SONNET
"Up from this wasted soil, this shattered
shell,
Whose walls and towers here in ruin lie,
Three thousand soldier souls took wing on
high,
In the bright mansions of the blest to dwell.
The onslaught of the foeman to repel
By might of arm all vainly did they try,
And when at length 'twas left them but to die,
Wearied and few the last defenders fell.
And this same arid soil hath ever been
A haunt of countless mournful memories,
As well in our day as in days of yore.
But never yet to Heaven it sent, I ween,
From its hard bosom purer souls than these,
Or braver bodies on its surface bore."
The sonnets were not disliked, and the cap-
tive was rejoiced at the tidings they gave him of
his comrade, and continuing his tale, he went
on to say:
The Goletta and the fort being thus in their
hands, the Turks gave orders to dismantle the
Goletta—for the fort was reduced to such a
state that there was nothing left to level—and
to do the work more quickly and easily they
mined it in three places; but nowhere were they
able to blow up the part which seemed to be
the least strong, that is to say, the old walls,
while all that remained standing of the new
fortifications that the Fratin had made came to
the ground with the greatest ease. Finally the
fleet returned victorious and triumphant to
Constantinople, and a few months later died
my master, El Uchali, otherwise Uchali Fartax,
which means in Turkish "the scabby renegade;"
for that he was; it is the practice with the Turks
to name people from some defect or virtue they
may possess; the reason being that there are
among them only four surnames belonging to
families tracing their descent from the Ottoman
house, and the others, as I have said, take their
names and surnames either from bodily ble-
mishes or moral qualities. This "scabby one"
rowed at the oar as a slave of the Grand Sig-
nor's for fourteen years, and when over thirty-
four years of age, in resentment at having been
struck by a Turk while at the oar, turned rene-
gade and renounced his faith in order to be able
to revenge himself; and such was his valour
that, without owing his advancement to the
base ways and means by which most favourites
of the Grand Signor rise to power, he came to
be king of Algiers, and afterwards general-on-
sea, which is the third place of trust in the re-
alm. He was a Calabrian by birth, and a worthy
man morally, and he treated his slaves with
great humanity. He had three thousand of
them, and after his death they were divided, as
he directed by his will, between the Grand Sig-
nor (who is heir of all who die and shares with
the children of the deceased) and his renegades.
I fell to the lot of a Venetian renegade who,
when a cabin boy on board a ship, had been
taken by Uchali and was so much beloved by
him that he became one of his most favoured
youths. He came to be the most cruel renegade
I ever saw: his name was Hassan Aga, and he
grew very rich and became king of Algiers.
With him I went there from Constantinople,
rather glad to be so near Spain, not that I inten-
ded to write to anyone about my unhappy lot,
but to try if fortune would be kinder to me in
Algiers than in Constantinople, where I had
attempted in a thousand ways to escape wit-
hout ever finding a favourable time or chance;
but in Algiers I resolved to seek for other me-
ans of effecting the purpose I cherished so dear-
ly; for the hope of obtaining my liberty never
deserted me; and when in my plots and sche-
mes and attempts the result did not answer my
expectations, without giving way to despair I
immediately began to look out for or conjure
up some new hope to support me, however
faint or feeble it might be.
 In this way I lived on immured in a building
or prison called by the Turks a bano in which
they confine the Christian captives, as well tho-
se that are the king's as those belonging to pri-
vate individuals, and also what they call those
of the Almacen, which is as much as to say the
slaves of the municipality, who serve the city in
the public works and other employments; but
captives of this kind recover their liberty with
great difficulty, for, as they are public property
and have no particular master, there is no one
with whom to treat for their ransom, even
though they may have the means. To these ba-
nos, as I have said, some private individuals of
the town are in the habit of bringing their cap-
tives, especially when they are to be ransomed;
because there they can keep them in safety and
comfort until their ransom arrives. The king's
captives also, that are on ransom, do not go out
to work with the rest of the crew, unless when
their ransom is delayed; for then, to make them
write for it more pressingly, they compel them
to work and go for wood, which is no light la-
bour.
I, however, was one of those on ransom, for
when it was discovered that I was a captain,
although I declared my scanty means and want
of fortune, nothing could dissuade them from
including me among the gentlemen and those
waiting to be ransomed. They put a chain on
me, more as a mark of this than to keep me
safe, and so I passed my life in that bano with
several other gentlemen and persons of quality
marked out as held to ransom; but though at
times, or rather almost always, we suffered
from hunger and scanty clothing, nothing dis-
tressed us so much as hearing and seeing at
every turn the unexampled and unheard-of
cruelties my master inflicted upon the Chris-
tians. Every day he hanged a man, impaled
one, cut off the ears of another; and all with so
little provocation, or so entirely without any,
that the Turks acknowledged he did it merely
for the sake of doing it, and because he was by
nature murderously disposed towards the
whole human race. The only one that fared at
all well with him was a Spanish soldier, somet-
hing de Saavedra by name, to whom he never
gave a blow himself, or ordered a blow to be
given, or addressed a hard word, although he
had done things that will dwell in the memory
of the people there for many a year, and all to
recover his liberty; and for the least of the many
things he did we all dreaded that he would be
impaled, and he himself was in fear of it more
than once; and only that time does not allow, I
could tell you now something of what that sol-
dier did, that would interest and astonish you
much more than the narration of my own tale.
To go on with my story; the courtyard of our
prison was overlooked by the windows of the
house belonging to a wealthy Moor of high
position; and these, as is usual in Moorish hou-
ses, were rather loopholes than windows, and
besides were covered with thick and close latti-
ce-work. It so happened, then, that as I was one
day on the terrace of our prison with three ot-
her comrades, trying, to pass away the time,
how far we could leap with our chains, we
being alone, for all the other Christians had
gone out to work, I chanced to raise my eyes,
and from one of these little closed windows I
saw a reed appear with a cloth attached to the
end of it, and it kept waving to and fro, and
moving as if making signs to us to come and
take it. We watched it, and one of those who
were with me went and stood under the reed to
see whether they would let it drop, or what
they would do, but as he did so the reed was
raised and moved from side to side, as if they
meant to say "no" by a shake of the head. The
Christian came back, and it was again lowered,
making the same movements as before. Anot-
her of my comrades went, and with him the
same happened as with the first, and then the
third went forward, but with the same result as
the first and second. Seeing this I did not like
not to try my luck, and as soon as I came under
the reed it was dropped and fell inside the bano
at my feet. I hastened to untie the cloth, in
which I perceived a knot, and in this were ten
cianis, which are coins of base gold, current
among the Moors, and each worth ten reals of
our money.
It is needless to say I rejoiced over this god-
send, and my joy was not less than my wonder
as I strove to imagine how this good fortune
could have come to us, but to me specially; for
the evident unwillingness to drop the reed for
any but me showed that it was for me the fa-
vour was intended. I took my welcome money,
broke the reed, and returned to the terrace, and
looking up at the window, I saw a very white
hand put out that opened and shut very quic-
kly. From this we gathered or fancied that it
must be some woman living in that house that
had done us this kindness, and to show that we
were grateful for it, we made salaams after the
fashion of the Moors, bowing the head, ben-
ding the body, and crossing the arms on the
breast. Shortly afterwards at the same window
a small cross made of reeds was put out and
immediately withdrawn. This sign led us to
believe that some Christian woman was a cap-
tive in the house, and that it was she who had
been so good to us; but the whiteness of the
hand and the bracelets we had perceived made
us dismiss that idea, though we thought it
might be one of the Christian renegades whom
their masters very often take as lawful wives,
and gladly, for they prefer them to the women
of their own nation. In all our conjectures we
were wide of the truth; so from that time for-
ward our sole occupation was watching and
gazing at the window where the cross had ap-
peared to us, as if it were our pole-star; but at
least fifteen days passed without our seeing
either it or the hand, or any other sign and
though meanwhile we endeavoured with the
utmost pains to ascertain who it was that lived
in the house, and whether there were any
Christian renegade in it, nobody could ever tell
us anything more than that he who lived there
was a rich Moor of high position, Hadji Morato
by name, formerly alcaide of La Pata, an office
of high dignity among them. But when we least
thought it was going to rain any more cianis
from that quarter, we saw the reed suddenly
appear with another cloth tied in a larger knot
attached to it, and this at a time when, as on the
former occasion, the bano was deserted and
unoccupied.
We made trial as before, each of the same
three going forward before I did; but the reed
was delivered to none but me, and on my ap-
proach it was let drop. I untied the knot and I
found forty Spanish gold crowns with a paper
written in Arabic, and at the end of the writing
there was a large cross drawn. I kissed the
cross, took the crowns and returned to the te-
rrace, and we all made our salaams; again the
hand appeared, I made signs that I would read
the paper, and then the window was closed.
We were all puzzled, though filled with joy at
what had taken place; and as none of us un-
derstood Arabic, great was our curiosity to
know what the paper contained, and still grea-
ter the difficulty of finding some one to read it.
At last I resolved to confide in a renegade, a
native of Murcia, who professed a very great
friendship for me, and had given pledges that
bound him to keep any secret I might entrust to
him; for it is the custom with some renegades,
when they intend to return to Christian territo-
ry, to carry about them certificates from capti-
ves of mark testifying, in whatever form they
can, that such and such a renegade is a worthy
man who has always shown kindness to Chris-
tians, and is anxious to escape on the first op-
portunity that may present itself. Some obtain
these testimonials with good intentions, others
put them to a cunning use; for when they go to
pillage on Christian territory, if they chance to
be cast away, or taken prisoners, they produce
their certificates and say that from these papers
may be seen the object they came for, which
was to remain on Christian ground, and that it
was to this end they joined the Turks in their
foray. In this way they escape the consequences
of the first outburst and make their peace with
the Church before it does them any harm, and
then when they have the chance they return to
Barbary to become what they were before. Ot-
hers, however, there are who procure these
papers and make use of them honestly, and
remain on Christian soil. This friend of mine,
then, was one of these renegades that I have
described; he had certificates from all our com-
rades, in which we testified in his favour as
strongly as we could; and if the Moors had
found the papers they would have burned him
alive.
I knew that he understood Arabic very well,
and could not only speak but also write it; but
before I disclosed the whole matter to him, I
asked him to read for me this paper which I
had found by accident in a hole in my cell. He
opened it and remained some time examining it
and muttering to himself as he translated it. I
asked him if he understood it, and he told me
he did perfectly well, and that if I wished him
to tell me its meaning word for word, I must
give him pen and ink that he might do it more
satisfactorily. We at once gave him what he
required, and he set about translating it bit by
bit, and when he had done he said:
"All that is here in Spanish is what the Moo-
rish paper contains, and you must bear in mind
that when it says 'Lela Marien' it means 'Our
Lady the Virgin Mary.'"
We read the paper and it ran thus:
"When I was a child my father had a slave
who taught me to pray the Christian prayer in
my own language, and told me many things
about Lela Marien. The Christian died, and I
know that she did not go to the fire, but to
Allah, because since then I have seen her twice,
and she told me to go to the land of the Chris-
tians to see Lela Marien, who had great love for
me. I know not how to go. I have seen many
Christians, but except thyself none has seemed
to me to be a gentleman. I am young and beau-
tiful, and have plenty of money to take with
me. See if thou canst contrive how we may go,
and if thou wilt thou shalt be my husband the-
re, and if thou wilt not it will not distress me,
for Lela Marien will find me some one to marry
me. I myself have written this: have a care to
whom thou givest it to read: trust no Moor, for
they are all perfidious. I am greatly troubled on
this account, for I would not have thee confide
in anyone, because if my father knew it he
would at once fling me down a well and cover
me with stones. I will put a thread to the reed;
tie the answer to it, and if thou hast no one to
write for thee in Arabic, tell it to me by signs,
for Lela Marien will make me understand thee.
She and Allah and this cross, which I often kiss
as the captive bade me, protect thee."
Judge, sirs, whether we had reason for sur-
prise and joy at the words of this paper; and
both one and the other were so great, that the
renegade perceived that the paper had not been
found by chance, but had been in reality ad-
dressed to some one of us, and he begged us, if
what he suspected were the truth, to trust him
and tell him all, for he would risk his life for
our freedom; and so saying he took out from
his breast a metal crucifix, and with many tears
swore by the God the image represented, in
whom, sinful and wicked as he was, he truly
and faithfully believed, to be loyal to us and
keep secret whatever we chose to reveal to him;
for he thought and almost foresaw that by me-
ans of her who had written that paper, he and
all of us would obtain our liberty, and he him-
self obtain the object he so much desired, his
restoration to the bosom of the Holy Mother
Church, from which by his own sin and igno-
rance he was now severed like a corrupt limb.
The renegade said this with so many tears and
such signs of repentance, that with one consent
we all agreed to tell him the whole truth of the
matter, and so we gave him a full account of all,
without hiding anything from him. We pointed
out to him the window at which the reed ap-
peared, and he by that means took note of the
house, and resolved to ascertain with particular
care who lived in it. We agreed also that it
would be advisable to answer the Moorish la-
dy's letter, and the renegade without a mo-
ment's delay took down the words I dictated to
him, which were exactly what I shall tell you,
for nothing of importance that took place in this
affair has escaped my memory, or ever will
while life lasts. This, then, was the answer re-
turned to the Moorish lady:
"The true Allah protect thee, Lady, and that
blessed Marien who is the true mother of God,
and who has put it into thy heart to go to the
land of the Christians, because she loves thee.
Entreat her that she be pleased to show thee
how thou canst execute the command she gives
thee, for she will, such is her goodness. On my
own part, and on that of all these Christians
who are with me, I promise to do all that we
can for thee, even to death. Fail not to write to
me and inform me what thou dost mean to do,
and I will always answer thee; for the great
Allah has given us a Christian captive who can
speak and write thy language well, as thou ma-
yest see by this paper; without fear, therefore,
thou canst inform us of all thou wouldst. As to
what thou sayest, that if thou dost reach the
land of the Christians thou wilt be my wife, I
give thee my promise upon it as a good Chris-
tian; and know that the Christians keep their
promises better than the Moors. Allah and Ma-
rien his mother watch over thee, my Lady."
The paper being written and folded I waited
two days until the bano was empty as before,
and immediately repaired to the usual walk on
the terrace to see if there were any sign of the
reed, which was not long in making its appea-
rance. As soon as I saw it, although I could not
distinguish who put it out, I showed the paper
as a sign to attach the thread, but it was already
fixed to the reed, and to it I tied the paper; and
shortly afterwards our star once more made its
appearance with the white flag of peace, the
little bundle. It was dropped, and I picked it
up, and found in the cloth, in gold and silver
coins of all sorts, more than fifty crowns, which
fifty times more strengthened our joy and dou-
bled our hope of gaining our liberty. That very
night our renegade returned and said he had
learned that the Moor we had been told of lived
in that house, that his name was Hadji Morato,
that he was enormously rich, that he had one
only daughter the heiress of all his wealth, and
that it was the general opinion throughout the
city that she was the most beautiful woman in
Barbary, and that several of the viceroys who
came there had sought her for a wife, but that
she had been always unwilling to marry; and
he had learned, moreover, that she had a Chris-
tian slave who was now dead; all which agreed
with the contents of the paper. We immediately
took counsel with the renegade as to what me-
ans would have to be adopted in order to carry
off the Moorish lady and bring us all to Chris-
tian territory; and in the end it was agreed that
for the present we should wait for a second
communication from Zoraida (for that was the
name of her who now desires to be called Ma-
ria), because we saw clearly that she and no one
else could find a way out of all these difficul-
ties. When we had decided upon this the rene-
gade told us not to be uneasy, for he would lose
his life or restore us to liberty. For four days the
bano was filled with people, for which reason
the reed delayed its appearance for four days,
but at the end of that time, when the bano was,
as it generally was, empty, it appeared with the
cloth so bulky that it promised a happy birth.
Reed and cloth came down to me, and I found
another paper and a hundred crowns in gold,
without any other coin. The renegade was pre-
sent, and in our cell we gave him the paper to
read, which was to this effect:
"I cannot think of a plan, senor, for our
going to Spain, nor has Lela Marien shown me
one, though I have asked her. All that can be
done is for me to give you plenty of money in
gold from this window. With it ransom your-
self and your friends, and let one of you go to
the land of the Christians, and there buy a ves-
sel and come back for the others; and he will
find me in my father's garden, which is at the
Babazon gate near the seashore, where I shall
be all this summer with my father and my ser-
vants. You can carry me away from there by
night without any danger, and bring me to the
vessel. And remember thou art to be my hus-
band, else I will pray to Marien to punish thee.
If thou canst not trust anyone to go for the ves-
sel, ransom thyself and do thou go, for I know
thou wilt return more surely than any other, as
thou art a gentleman and a Christian. Endea-
vour to make thyself acquainted with the gar-
den; and when I see thee walking yonder I shall
know that the bano is empty and I will give
thee abundance of money. Allah protect thee,
senor."
 These were the words and contents of the
second paper, and on hearing them, each decla-
red himself willing to be the ransomed one, and
promised to go and return with scrupulous
good faith; and I too made the same offer; but
to all this the renegade objected, saying that he
would not on any account consent to one being
set free before all went together, as experience
had taught him how ill those who have been
set free keep promises which they made in cap-
tivity; for captives of distinction frequently had
recourse to this plan, paying the ransom of one
who was to go to Valencia or Majorca with mo-
ney to enable him to arm a bark and return for
the others who had ransomed him, but who
never came back; for recovered liberty and the
dread of losing it again efface from the memory
all the obligations in the world. And to prove
the truth of what he said, he told us briefly
what had happened to a certain Christian gen-
tleman almost at that very time, the strangest
case that had ever occurred even there, where
astonishing and marvellous things are happe-
ning every instant. In short, he ended by saying
that what could and ought to be done was to
give the money intended for the ransom of one
of us Christians to him, so that he might with it
buy a vessel there in Algiers under the pretence
of becoming a merchant and trader at Tetuan
and along the coast; and when master of the
vessel, it would be easy for him to hit on some
way of getting us all out of the bano and put-
ting us on board; especially if the Moorish lady
gave, as she said, money enough to ransom all,
because once free it would be the easiest thing
in the world for us to embark even in open day;
but the greatest difficulty was that the Moors
do not allow any renegade to buy or own any
craft, unless it be a large vessel for going on
roving expeditions, because they are afraid that
anyone who buys a small vessel, especially if he
be a Spaniard, only wants it for the purpose of
escaping to Christian territory. This however he
could get over by arranging with a Tagarin
Moor to go shares with him in the purchase of
the vessel, and in the profit on the cargo; and
under cover of this he could become master of
the vessel, in which case he looked upon all the
rest as accomplished. But though to me and my
comrades it had seemed a better plan to send to
Majorca for the vessel, as the Moorish lady
suggested, we did not dare to oppose him, fea-
ring that if we did not do as he said he would
denounce us, and place us in danger of losing
all our lives if he were to disclose our dealings
with Zoraida, for whose life we would have all
given our own. We therefore resolved to put
ourselves in the hands of God and in the rene-
gade's; and at the same time an answer was
given to Zoraida, telling her that we would do
all she recommended, for she had given as go-
od advice as if Lela Marien had delivered it,
and that it depended on her alone whether we
were to defer the business or put it in execution
at once. I renewed my promise to be her hus-
band; and thus the next day that the bano chan-
ced to be empty she at different times gave us
by means of the reed and cloth two thousand
gold crowns and a paper in which she said that
the next Juma, that is to say Friday, she was
going to her father's garden, but that before she
went she would give us more money; and if it
were not enough we were to let her know, as
she would give us as much as we asked, for her
father had so much he would not miss it, and
besides she kept all the keys.
We at once gave the renegade five hundred
crowns to buy the vessel, and with eight hun-
dred I ransomed myself, giving the money to a
Valencian merchant who happened to be in
Algiers at the time, and who had me released
on his word, pledging it that on the arrival of
the first ship from Valencia he would pay my
ransom; for if he had given the money at once it
would have made the king suspect that my
ransom money had been for a long time in Al-
giers, and that the merchant had for his own
advantage kept it secret. In fact my master was
so difficult to deal with that I dared not on any
account pay down the money at once. The
Thursday before the Friday on which the fair
Zoraida was to go to the garden she gave us a
thousand crowns more, and warned us of her
departure, begging me, if I were ransomed, to
find out her father's garden at once, and by all
means to seek an opportunity of going there to
see her. I answered in a few words that I would
do so, and that she must remember to com-
mend us to Lela Marien with all the prayers the
captive had taught her. This having been done,
steps were taken to ransom our three comrades,
so as to enable them to quit the bano, and lest,
seeing me ransomed and themselves not,
though the money was forthcoming, they
should make a disturbance about it and the
devil should prompt them to do something that
might injure Zoraida; for though their position
might be sufficient to relieve me from this ap-
prehension, nevertheless I was unwilling to run
any risk in the matter; and so I had them ran-
somed in the same way as I was, handing over
all the money to the merchant so that he might
with safety and confidence give security; wit-
hout, however, confiding our arrangement and
secret to him, which might have been dange-
rous.

CHAPTER XLI.

IN WHICH THE CAPTIVE STILL

CONTINUES HIS ADVENTURES

Before fifteen days were over our renegade

had already purchased an excellent vessel with
room for more than thirty persons; and to make
the transaction safe and lend a colour to it, he
thought it well to make, as he did, a voyage to a
place called Shershel, twenty leagues from Al-
giers on the Oran side, where there is an exten-
sive trade in dried figs. Two or three times he
made this voyage in company with the Tagarin
already mentioned. The Moors of Aragon are
called Tagarins in Barbary, and those of Grana-
da Mudejars; but in the Kingdom of Fez they
call the Mudejars Elches, and they are the peo-
ple the king chiefly employs in war. To proce-
ed: every time he passed with his vessel he an-
chored in a cove that was not two crossbow
shots from the garden where Zoraida was wai-
ting; and there the renegade, together with the
two Moorish lads that rowed, used purposely
to station himself, either going through his pra-
yers, or else practising as a part what he meant
to perform in earnest. And thus he would go to
Zoraida's garden and ask for fruit, which her
father gave him, not knowing him; but though,
as he afterwards told me, he sought to speak to
Zoraida, and tell her who he was, and that by
my orders he was to take her to the land of the
Christians, so that she might feel satisfied and
easy, he had never been able to do so; for the
Moorish women do not allow themselves to be
seen by any Moor or Turk, unless their hus-
band or father bid them: with Christian capti-
ves they permit freedom of intercourse and
communication, even more than might be con-
sidered proper. But for my part I should have
been sorry if he had spoken to her, for perhaps
it might have alarmed her to find her affairs
talked of by renegades. But God, who ordered
it otherwise, afforded no opportunity for our
renegade's well-meant purpose; and he, seeing
how safely he could go to Shershel and return,
and anchor when and how and where he liked,
and that the Tagarin his partner had no will but
his, and that, now I was ransomed, all we wan-
ted was to find some Christians to row, told me
to look out for any I should be willing to take
with me, over and above those who had been
ransomed, and to engage them for the next Fri-
day, which he fixed upon for our departure. On
this I spoke to twelve Spaniards, all stout ro-
wers, and such as could most easily leave the
city; but it was no easy matter to find so many
just then, because there were twenty ships out
on a cruise and they had taken all the rowers
with them; and these would not have been
found were it not that their master remained at
home that summer without going to sea in or-
der to finish a galliot that he had upon the
stocks. To these men I said nothing more than
that the next Friday in the evening they were to
come out stealthily one by one and hang about
Hadji Morato's garden, waiting for me there
until I came. These directions I gave each one
separately, with orders that if they saw any
other Christians there they were not to say
anything to them except that I had directed
them to wait at that spot.
This preliminary having been settled, anot-
her still more necessary step had to be taken,
which was to let Zoraida know how matters
stood that she might be prepared and forewar-
ned, so as not to be taken by surprise if we we-
re suddenly to seize upon her before she
thought the Christians' vessel could have re-
turned. I determined, therefore, to go to the
garden and try if I could speak to her; and the
day before my departure I went there under the
pretence of gathering herbs. The first person I
met was her father, who addressed me in the
language that all over Barbary and even in
Constantinople is the medium between capti-
ves and Moors, and is neither Morisco nor Cas-
tilian, nor of any other nation, but a mixture of
all languages, by means of which we can all
understand one another. In this sort of langua-
ge, I say, he asked me what I wanted in his
garden, and to whom I belonged. I replied that
I was a slave of the Arnaut Mami (for I knew as
a certainty that he was a very great friend of
his), and that I wanted some herbs to make a
salad. He asked me then whether I were on
ransom or not, and what my master demanded
for me. While these questions and answers we-
re proceeding, the fair Zoraida, who had alrea-
dy perceived me some time before, came out of
the house in the garden, and as Moorish wo-
men are by no means particular about letting
themselves be seen by Christians, or, as I have
said before, at all coy, she had no hesitation in
coming to where her father stood with me; mo-
reover her father, seeing her approaching slow-
ly, called to her to come. It would be beyond
my power now to describe to you the great
beauty, the high-bred air, the brilliant attire of
my beloved Zoraida as she presented herself
before my eyes. I will content myself with sa-
ying that more pearls hung from her fair neck,
her ears, and her hair than she had hairs on her
head. On her ankles, which as is customary
were bare, she had carcajes (for so bracelets or
anklets are called in Morisco) of the purest
gold, set with so many diamonds that she told
me afterwards her father valued them at ten
thousand doubloons, and those she had on her
wrists were worth as much more. The pearls
were in profusion and very fine, for the highest
display and adornment of the Moorish women
is decking themselves with rich pearls and se-
ed-pearls; and of these there are therefore more
among the Moors than among any other peo-
ple. Zoraida's father had to the reputation of
possessing a great number, and the purest in all
Algiers, and of possessing also more than two
hundred thousand Spanish crowns; and she,
who is now mistress of me only, was mistress
of all this. Whether thus adorned she would
have been beautiful or not, and what she must
have been in her prosperity, may be imagined
from the beauty remaining to her after so many
hardships; for, as everyone knows, the beauty
of some women has its times and its seasons,
and is increased or diminished by chance cau-
ses; and naturally the emotions of the mind will
heighten or impair it, though indeed more fre-
quently they totally destroy it. In a word she
presented herself before me that day attired
with the utmost splendour, and supremely be-
autiful; at any rate, she seemed to me the most
beautiful object I had ever seen; and when, be-
sides, I thought of all I owed to her I felt as
though I had before me some heavenly being
come to earth to bring me relief and happiness.
As she approached her father told her in his
own language that I was a captive belonging to
his friend the Arnaut Mami, and that I had co-
me for salad.
She took up the conversation, and in that
mixture of tongues I have spoken of she asked
me if I was a gentleman, and why I was not
ransomed.
I answered that I was already ransomed,
and that by the price it might be seen what va-
lue my master set on me, as I had given one
thousand five hundred zoltanis for me; to
which she replied, "Hadst thou been my fat-
her's, I can tell thee, I would not have let him
part with thee for twice as much, for you Chris-
tians always tell lies about yourselves and ma-
ke yourselves out poor to cheat the Moors."
 "That may be, lady," said I; "but indeed I de-
alt truthfully with my master, as I do and mean
to do with everybody in the world."
"And when dost thou go?" said Zoraida.
"To-morrow, I think," said I, "for there is a
vessel here from France which sails to-morrow,
and I think I shall go in her."
"Would it not be better," said Zoraida, "to
wait for the arrival of ships from Spain and go
with them and not with the French who are not
your friends?"
"No," said I; "though if there were intelligen-
ce that a vessel were now coming from Spain it
is true I might, perhaps, wait for it; however, it
is more likely I shall depart to-morrow, for the
longing I feel to return to my country and to
those I love is so great that it will not allow me
to wait for another opportunity, however more
convenient, if it be delayed."
"No doubt thou art married in thine own
country," said Zoraida, "and for that reason
thou art anxious to go and see thy wife."
 "I am not married," I replied, "but I have gi-
ven my promise to marry on my arrival there."
"And is the lady beautiful to whom thou
hast given it?" said Zoraida.
"So beautiful," said I, "that, to describe her
worthily and tell thee the truth, she is very like
thee."
At this her father laughed very heartily and
said, "By Allah, Christian, she must be very
beautiful if she is like my daughter, who is the
most beautiful woman in all this kingdom: only
look at her well and thou wilt see I am telling
the truth."
Zoraida's father as the better linguist helped
to interpret most of these words and phrases,
for though she spoke the bastard language,
that, as I have said, is employed there, she ex-
pressed her meaning more by signs than by
words.
While we were still engaged in this conver-
sation, a Moor came running up, exclaiming
that four Turks had leaped over the fence or
wall of the garden, and were gathering the fruit
though it was not yet ripe. The old man was
alarmed and Zoraida too, for the Moors com-
monly, and, so to speak, instinctively have a
dread of the Turks, but particularly of the sol-
diers, who are so insolent and domineering to
the Moors who are under their power that they
treat them worse than if they were their slaves.
Her father said to Zoraida, "Daughter, retire
into the house and shut thyself in while I go
and speak to these dogs; and thou, Christian,
pick thy herbs, and go in peace, and Allah
bring thee safe to thy own country."
I bowed, and he went away to look for the
Turks, leaving me alone with Zoraida, who
made as if she were about to retire as her father
bade her; but the moment he was concealed by
the trees of the garden, turning to me with her
eyes full of tears she said, "Tameji, cristiano,
tameji?" that is to say, "Art thou going, Chris-
tian, art thou going?"
 I made answer, "Yes, lady, but not without
thee, come what may: be on the watch for me
on the next Juma, and be not alarmed when
thou seest us; for most surely we shall go to the
land of the Christians."
This I said in such a way that she understo-
od perfectly all that passed between us, and
throwing her arm round my neck she began
with feeble steps to move towards the house;
but as fate would have it (and it might have
been very unfortunate if Heaven had not ot-
herwise ordered it), just as we were moving on
in the manner and position I have described,
with her arm round my neck, her father, as he
returned after having sent away the Turks, saw
how we were walking and we perceived that
he saw us; but Zoraida, ready and quickwitted,
took care not to remove her arm from my neck,
but on the contrary drew closer to me and laid
her head on my breast, bending her knees a
little and showing all the signs and tokens of
fainting, while I at the same time made it seem
as though I were supporting her against my
will. Her father came running up to where we
were, and seeing his daughter in this state as-
ked what was the matter with her; she, howe-
ver, giving no answer, he said, "No doubt she
has fainted in alarm at the entrance of those
dogs," and taking her from mine he drew her to
his own breast, while she sighing, her eyes still
wet with tears, said again, "Ameji, cristiano,
ameji"—"Go, Christian, go." To this her father
replied, "There is no need, daughter, for the
Christian to go, for he has done thee no harm,
and the Turks have now gone; feel no alarm,
there is nothing to hurt thee, for as I say, the
Turks at my request have gone back the way
they came."
"It was they who terrified her, as thou hast
said, senor," said I to her father; "but since she
tells me to go, I have no wish to displease her:
peace be with thee, and with thy leave I will
come back to this garden for herbs if need be,
for my master says there are nowhere better
herbs for salad then here."
"Come back for any thou hast need of," re-
plied Hadji Morato; "for my daughter does not
speak thus because she is displeased with thee
or any Christian: she only meant that the Turks
should go, not thou; or that it was time for thee
to look for thy herbs."
With this I at once took my leave of both;
and she, looking as though her heart were
breaking, retired with her father. While preten-
ding to look for herbs I made the round of the
garden at my ease, and studied carefully all the
approaches and outlets, and the fastenings of
the house and everything that could be taken
advantage of to make our task easy.
Having done so I went and gave an account
of all that had taken place to the renegade and
my comrades, and looked forward with impa-
tience to the hour when, all fear at an end, I
should find myself in possession of the prize
which fortune held out to me in the fair and
lovely Zoraida. The time passed at length, and
the appointed day we so longed for arrived;
and, all following out the arrangement and
plan which, after careful consideration and
many a long discussion, we had decided upon,
we succeeded as fully as we could have wis-
hed; for on the Friday following the day upon
which I spoke to Zoraida in the garden, the
renegade anchored his vessel at nightfall al-
most opposite the spot where she was. The
Christians who were to row were ready and in
hiding in different places round about, all wai-
ting for me, anxious and elated, and eager to
attack the vessel they had before their eyes; for
they did not know the renegade's plan, but ex-
pected that they were to gain their liberty by
force of arms and by killing the Moors who
were on board the vessel. As soon, then, as I
and my comrades made our appearance, all
those that were in hiding seeing us came and
joined us. It was now the time when the city
gates are shut, and there was no one to be seen
in all the space outside. When we were collec-
ted together we debated whether it would be
better first to go for Zoraida, or to make priso-
ners of the Moorish rowers who rowed in the
vessel; but while we were still uncertain our
renegade came up asking us what kept us, as it
was now the time, and all the Moors were off
their guard and most of them asleep. We told
him why we hesitated, but he said it was of
more importance first to secure the vessel,
which could be done with the greatest ease and
without any danger, and then we could go for
Zoraida. We all approved of what he said, and
so without further delay, guided by him we
made for the vessel, and he leaping on board
first, drew his cutlass and said in Morisco, "Let
no one stir from this if he does not want it to
cost him his life." By this almost all the Chris-
tians were on board, and the Moors, who were
fainthearted, hearing their captain speak in this
way, were cowed, and without any one of them
taking to his arms (and indeed they had few or
hardly any) they submitted without saying a
word to be bound by the Christians, who quic-
kly secured them, threatening them that if they
raised any kind of outcry they would be all put
to the sword. This having been accomplished,
and half of our party being left to keep guard
over them, the rest of us, again taking the rene-
gade as our guide, hastened towards Hadji Mo-
rato's garden, and as good luck would have it,
on trying the gate it opened as easily as if it had
not been locked; and so, quite quietly and in
silence, we reached the house without being
perceived by anybody. The lovely Zoraida was
watching for us at a window, and as soon as
she perceived that there were people there, she
asked in a low voice if we were "Nizarani," as
much as to say or ask if we were Christians. I
answered that we were, and begged her to co-
me down. As soon as she recognised me she
did not delay an instant, but without answering
a word came down immediately, opened the
door and presented herself before us all, so
beautiful and so richly attired that I cannot at-
tempt to describe her. The moment I saw her I
took her hand and kissed it, and the renegade
and my two comrades did the same; and the
rest, who knew nothing of the circumstances,
did as they saw us do, for it only seemed as if
we were returning thanks to her, and recogni-
sing her as the giver of our liberty. The renega-
de asked her in the Morisco language if her
father was in the house. She replied that he was
and that he was asleep.
"Then it will be necessary to waken him and
take him with us," said the renegade, "and eve-
rything of value in this fair mansion."
"Nay," said she, "my father must not on any
account be touched, and there is nothing in the
house except what I shall take, and that will be
quite enough to enrich and satisfy all of you;
wait a little and you shall see," and so saying
she went in, telling us she would return imme-
diately and bidding us keep quiet making any
noise.
 I asked the renegade what had passed bet-
ween them, and when he told me, I declared
that nothing should be done except in accor-
dance with the wishes of Zoraida, who now
came back with a little trunk so full of gold
crowns that she could scarcely carry it. Unfor-
tunately her father awoke while this was going
on, and hearing a noise in the garden, came to
the window, and at once perceiving that all
those who were there were Christians, raising a
prodigiously loud outcry, he began to call out
in Arabic, "Christians, Christians! thieves, thie-
ves!" by which cries we were all thrown into
the greatest fear and embarrassment; but the
renegade seeing the danger we were in and
how important it was for him to effect his pur-
pose before we were heard, mounted with the
utmost quickness to where Hadji Morato was,
and with him went some of our party; I, howe-
ver, did not dare to leave Zoraida, who had
fallen almost fainting in my arms. To be brief,
those who had gone upstairs acted so promptly
that in an instant they came down, carrying
Hadji Morato with his hands bound and a nap-
kin tied over his mouth, which prevented him
from uttering a word, warning him at the same
time that to attempt to speak would cost him
his life. When his daughter caught sight of him
she covered her eyes so as not to see him, and
her father was horror-stricken, not knowing
how willingly she had placed herself in our
hands. But it was now most essential for us to
be on the move, and carefully and quickly we
regained the vessel, where those who had re-
mained on board were waiting for us in appre-
hension of some mishap having befallen us. It
was barely two hours after night set in when
we were all on board the vessel, where the
cords were removed from the hands of Zorai-
da's father, and the napkin from his mouth; but
the renegade once more told him not to utter a
word, or they would take his life. He, when he
saw his daughter there, began to sigh piteously,
and still more when he perceived that I held
her closely embraced and that she lay quiet
without resisting or complaining, or showing
any reluctance; nevertheless he remained silent
lest they should carry into effect the repeated
threats the renegade had addressed to him.
Finding herself now on board, and that we
were about to give way with the oars, Zoraida,
seeing her father there, and the other Moors
bound, bade the renegade ask me to do her the
favour of releasing the Moors and setting her
father at liberty, for she would rather drown
herself in the sea than suffer a father that had
loved her so dearly to be carried away captive
before her eyes and on her account. The rene-
gade repeated this to me, and I replied that I
was very willing to do so; but he replied that it
was not advisable, because if they were left
there they would at once raise the country and
stir up the city, and lead to the despatch of
swift cruisers in pursuit, and our being taken,
by sea or land, without any possibility of esca-
pe; and that all that could be done was to set
them free on the first Christian ground we rea-
ched. On this point we all agreed; and Zoraida,
to whom it was explained, together with the
reasons that prevented us from doing at once
what she desired, was satisfied likewise; and
then in glad silence and with cheerful alacrity
each of our stout rowers took his oar, and
commending ourselves to God with all our
hearts, we began to shape our course for the
island of Majorca, the nearest Christian land.
Owing, however, to the Tramontana rising a
little, and the sea growing somewhat rough, it
was impossible for us to keep a straight course
for Majorca, and we were compelled to coast in
the direction of Oran, not without great uneasi-
ness on our part lest we should be observed
from the town of Shershel, which lies on that
coast, not more than sixty miles from Algiers.
Moreover we were afraid of meeting on that
course one of the galliots that usually come
with goods from Tetuan; although each of us
for himself and all of us together felt confident
that, if we were to meet a merchant galliot, so
that it were not a cruiser, not only should we
not be lost, but that we should take a vessel in
which we could more safely accomplish our
voyage. As we pursued our course Zoraida
kept her head between my hands so as not to
see her father, and I felt that she was praying to
Lela Marien to help us.
We might have made about thirty miles
when daybreak found us some three musket-
shots off the land, which seemed to us deserted,
and without anyone to see us. For all that,
however, by hard rowing we put out a little to
sea, for it was now somewhat calmer, and
having gained about two leagues the word was
given to row by batches, while we ate somet-
hing, for the vessel was well provided; but the
rowers said it was not a time to take any rest;
let food be served out to those who were not
rowing, but they would not leave their oars on
any account. This was done, but now a stiff
breeze began to blow, which obliged us to leave
off rowing and make sail at once and steer for
Oran, as it was impossible to make any other
course. All this was done very promptly, and
under sail we ran more than eight miles an
hour without any fear, except that of coming
across some vessel out on a roving expedition.
We gave the Moorish rowers some food, and
the renegade comforted them by telling them
that they were not held as captives, as we
should set them free on the first opportunity.
The same was said to Zoraida's father, who
replied, "Anything else, Christian, I might hope
for or think likely from your generosity and
good behaviour, but do not think me so simple
as to imagine you will give me my liberty; for
you would have never exposed yourselves to
the danger of depriving me of it only to restore
it to me so generously, especially as you know
who I am and the sum you may expect to recei-
ve on restoring it; and if you will only name
that, I here offer you all you require for myself
and for my unhappy daughter there; or else for
her alone, for she is the greatest and most pre-
cious part of my soul."
As he said this he began to weep so bitterly
that he filled us all with compassion and forced
Zoraida to look at him, and when she saw him
weeping she was so moved that she rose from
my feet and ran to throw her arms round him,
and pressing her face to his, they both gave
way to such an outburst of tears that several of
us were constrained to keep them company.
But when her father saw her in full dress
and with all her jewels about her, he said to her
in his own language, "What means this, my
daughter? Last night, before this terrible mis-
fortune in which we are plunged befell us, I
saw thee in thy everyday and indoor garments;
and now, without having had time to attire
thyself, and without my bringing thee any joy-
ful tidings to furnish an occasion for adorning
and bedecking thyself, I see thee arrayed in the
finest attire it would be in my power to give
thee when fortune was most kind to us. Ans-
wer me this; for it causes me greater anxiety
and surprise than even this misfortune itself."
The renegade interpreted to us what the
Moor said to his daughter; she, however, retur-
ned him no answer. But when he observed in
one corner of the vessel the little trunk in which
she used to keep her jewels, which he well
knew he had left in Algiers and had not
brought to the garden, he was still more ama-
zed, and asked her how that trunk had come
into our hands, and what there was in it. To
which the renegade, without waiting for Zorai-
da to reply, made answer, "Do not trouble thy-
self by asking thy daughter Zoraida so many
questions, senor, for the one answer I will give
thee will serve for all; I would have thee know
that she is a Christian, and that it is she who
has been the file for our chains and our delive-
rer from captivity. She is here of her own free
will, as glad, I imagine, to find herself in this
position as he who escapes from darkness into
the light, from death to life, and from suffering
to glory."
"Daughter, is this true, what he says?" cried
the Moor.
"It is," replied Zoraida.
"That thou art in truth a Christian," said the
old man, "and that thou hast given thy father
into the power of his enemies?"
To which Zoraida made answer, "A Chris-
tian I am, but it is not I who have placed thee in
this position, for it never was my wish to leave
thee or do thee harm, but only to do good to
myself."
"And what good hast thou done thyself,
daughter?" said he.
"Ask thou that," said she, "of Lela Marien,
for she can tell thee better than I."
The Moor had hardly heard these words
when with marvellous quickness he flung him-
self headforemost into the sea, where no doubt
he would have been drowned had not the long
and full dress he wore held him up for a little
on the surface of the water. Zoraida cried aloud
to us to save him, and we all hastened to help,
and seizing him by his robe we drew him in
half drowned and insensible, at which Zoraida
was in such distress that she wept over him as
piteously and bitterly as though he were alrea-
dy dead. We turned him upon his face and he
voided a great quantity of water, and at the end
of two hours came to himself. Meanwhile, the
wind having changed we were compelled to
head for the land, and ply our oars to avoid
being driven on shore; but it was our good for-
tune to reach a creek that lies on one side of a
small promontory or cape, called by the Moors
that of the "Cava rumia," which in our language
means "the wicked Christian woman;" for it is a
tradition among them that La Cava, through
whom Spain was lost, lies buried at that spot;
"cava" in their language meaning "wicked wo-
man," and "rumia" "Christian;" moreover, they
count it unlucky to anchor there when necessity
compels them, and they never do so otherwise.
For us, however, it was not the resting-place of
the wicked woman but a haven of safety for
our relief, so much had the sea now got up. We
posted a look-out on shore, and never let the
oars out of our hands, and ate of the stores the
renegade had laid in, imploring God and Our
Lady with all our hearts to help and protect us,
that we might give a happy ending to a begin-
ning so prosperous. At the entreaty of Zoraida
orders were given to set on shore her father and
the other Moors who were still bound, for she
could not endure, nor could her tender heart
bear to see her father in bonds and her fellow-
countrymen prisoners before her eyes. We
promised her to do this at the moment of de-
parture, for as it was uninhabited we ran no
risk in releasing them at that place.
Our prayers were not so far in vain as to be
unheard by Heaven, for after a while the wind
changed in our favour, and made the sea calm,
inviting us once more to resume our voyage
with a good heart. Seeing this we unbound the
Moors, and one by one put them on shore, at
which they were filled with amazement; but
when we came to land Zoraida's father, who
had now completely recovered his senses, he
said:
"Why is it, think ye, Christians, that this
wicked woman is rejoiced at your giving me
my liberty? Think ye it is because of the affec-
tion she bears me? Nay verily, it is only because
of the hindrance my presence offers to the exe-
cution of her base designs. And think not that it
is her belief that yours is better than ours that
has led her to change her religion; it is only
because she knows that immodesty is more
freely practised in your country than in ours."
Then turning to Zoraida, while I and another of
the Christians held him fast by both arms, lest
he should do some mad act, he said to her, "In-
famous girl, misguided maiden, whither in thy
blindness and madness art thou going in the
hands of these dogs, our natural enemies? Cur-
sed be the hour when I begot thee! Cursed the
luxury and indulgence in which I reared thee!"
But seeing that he was not likely soon to cea-
se I made haste to put him on shore, and thence
he continued his maledictions and lamentations
aloud; calling on Mohammed to pray to Allah
to destroy us, to confound us, to make an end
of us; and when, in consequence of having ma-
de sail, we could no longer hear what he said
we could see what he did; how he plucked out
his beard and tore his hair and lay writhing on
the ground. But once he raised his voice to such
a pitch that we were able to hear what he said.
"Come back, dear daughter, come back to sho-
re; I forgive thee all; let those men have the
money, for it is theirs now, and come back to
comfort thy sorrowing father, who will yield
up his life on this barren strand if thou dost
leave him."
All this Zoraida heard, and heard with so-
rrow and tears, and all she could say in answer
was, "Allah grant that Lela Marien, who has
made me become a Christian, give thee comfort
in thy sorrow, my father. Allah knows that I
could not do otherwise than I have done, and
that these Christians owe nothing to my will;
for even had I wished not to accompany them,
but remain at home, it would have been impos-
sible for me, so eagerly did my soul urge me on
to the accomplishment of this purpose, which I
feel to be as righteous as to thee, dear father, it
seems wicked."
But neither could her father hear her nor we
see him when she said this; and so, while I con-
soled Zoraida, we turned our attention to our
voyage, in which a breeze from the right point
so favoured us that we made sure of finding
ourselves off the coast of Spain on the morrow
by daybreak. But, as good seldom or never co-
mes pure and unmixed, without being attended
or followed by some disturbing evil that gives a
shock to it, our fortune, or perhaps the curses
which the Moor had hurled at his daughter (for
whatever kind of father they may come from
these are always to be dreaded), brought it
about that when we were now in mid-sea, and
the night about three hours spent, as we were
running with all sail set and oars lashed, for the
favouring breeze saved us the trouble of using
them, we saw by the light of the moon, which
shone brilliantly, a square-rigged vessel in full
sail close to us, luffing up and standing across
our course, and so close that we had to strike
sail to avoid running foul of her, while they too
put the helm hard up to let us pass. They came
to the side of the ship to ask who we were,
whither we were bound, and whence we came,
but as they asked this in French our renegade
said, "Let no one answer, for no doubt these are
French corsairs who plunder all comers."
Acting on this warning no one answered a
word, but after we had gone a little ahead, and
the vessel was now lying to leeward, suddenly
they fired two guns, and apparently both loa-
ded with chain-shot, for with one they cut our
mast in half and brought down both it and the
sail into the sea, and the other, discharged at
the same moment, sent a ball into our vessel
amidships, staving her in completely, but wit-
hout doing any further damage. We, however,
finding ourselves sinking began to shout for
help and call upon those in the ship to pick us
up as we were beginning to fill. They then lay
to, and lowering a skiff or boat, as many as a
dozen Frenchmen, well armed with match-
locks, and their matches burning, got into it
and came alongside; and seeing how few we
were, and that our vessel was going down, they
took us in, telling us that this had come to us
through our incivility in not giving them an
answer. Our renegade took the trunk contai-
ning Zoraida's wealth and dropped it into the
sea without anyone perceiving what he did. In
short we went on board with the Frenchmen,
who, after having ascertained all they wanted
to know about us, rifled us of everything we
had, as if they had been our bitterest enemies,
and from Zoraida they took even the anklets
she wore on her feet; but the distress they cau-
sed her did not distress me so much as the fear
I was in that from robbing her of her rich and
precious jewels they would proceed to rob her
of the most precious jewel that she valued more
than all. The desires, however, of those people
do not go beyond money, but of that their cove-
tousness is insatiable, and on this occasion it
was carried to such a pitch that they would
have taken even the clothes we wore as capti-
ves if they had been worth anything to them. It
was the advice of some of them to throw us all
into the sea wrapped up in a sail; for their pur-
pose was to trade at some of the ports of Spain,
giving themselves out as Bretons, and if they
brought us alive they would be punished as
soon as the robbery was discovered; but the
captain (who was the one who had plundered
my beloved Zoraida) said he was satisfied with
the prize he had got, and that he would not
touch at any Spanish port, but pass the Straits
of Gibraltar by night, or as best he could, and
make for La Rochelle, from which he had sai-
led. So they agreed by common consent to give
us the skiff belonging to their ship and all we
required for the short voyage that remained to
us, and this they did the next day on coming in
sight of the Spanish coast, with which, and the
joy we felt, all our sufferings and miseries were
as completely forgotten as if they had never
been endured by us, such is the delight of reco-
vering lost liberty.
It may have been about mid-day when they
placed us in the boat, giving us two kegs of
water and some biscuit; and the captain, moved
by I know not what compassion, as the lovely
Zoraida was about to embark, gave her some
forty gold crowns, and would not permit his
men to take from her those same garments
which she has on now. We got into the boat,
returning them thanks for their kindness to us,
and showing ourselves grateful rather than
indignant. They stood out to sea, steering for
the straits; we, without looking to any compass
save the land we had before us, set ourselves to
row with such energy that by sunset we were
so near that we might easily, we thought, land
before the night was far advanced. But as the
moon did not show that night, and the sky was
clouded, and as we knew not whereabouts we
were, it did not seem to us a prudent thing to
make for the shore, as several of us advised,
saying we ought to run ourselves ashore even if
it were on rocks and far from any habitation,
for in this way we should be relieved from the
apprehensions we naturally felt of the prowling
vessels of the Tetuan corsairs, who leave Barba-
ry at nightfall and are on the Spanish coast by
daybreak, where they commonly take some
prize, and then go home to sleep in their own
houses. But of the conflicting counsels the one
which was adopted was that we should appro-
ach gradually, and land where we could if the
sea were calm enough to permit us. This was
done, and a little before midnight we drew near
to the foot of a huge and lofty mountain, not so
close to the sea but that it left a narrow space
on which to land conveniently. We ran our boat
up on the sand, and all sprang out and kissed
the ground, and with tears of joyful satisfaction
returned thanks to God our Lord for all his in-
comparable goodness to us on our voyage. We
took out of the boat the provisions it contained,
and drew it up on the shore, and then climbed
a long way up the mountain, for even there we
could not feel easy in our hearts, or persuade
ourselves that it was Christian soil that was
now under our feet.
The dawn came, more slowly, I think, than
we could have wished; we completed the as-
cent in order to see if from the summit any
habitation or any shepherds' huts could be dis-
covered, but strain our eyes as we might, neit-
her dwelling, nor human being, nor path nor
road could we perceive. However, we determi-
ned to push on farther, as it could not but be
that ere long we must see some one who could
tell us where we were. But what distressed me
most was to see Zoraida going on foot over that
rough ground; for though I once carried her on
my shoulders, she was more wearied by my
weariness than rested by the rest; and so she
would never again allow me to undergo the
exertion, and went on very patiently and cheer-
fully, while I led her by the hand. We had gone
rather less than a quarter of a league when the
sound of a little bell fell on our ears, a clear
proof that there were flocks hard by, and loo-
king about carefully to see if any were within
view, we observed a young shepherd tranquilly
and unsuspiciously trimming a stick with his
knife at the foot of a cork tree. We called to him,
and he, raising his head, sprang nimbly to his
feet, for, as we afterwards learned, the first who
presented themselves to his sight were the re-
negade and Zoraida, and seeing them in Moo-
rish dress he imagined that all the Moors of
Barbary were upon him; and plunging with
marvellous swiftness into the thicket in front of
him, he began to raise a prodigious outcry, ex-
claiming, "The Moors—the Moors have landed!
To arms, to arms!" We were all thrown into
perplexity by these cries, not knowing what to
do; but reflecting that the shouts of the shep-
herd would raise the country and that the
mounted coast-guard would come at once to
see what was the matter, we agreed that the
renegade must strip off his Turkish garments
and put on a captive's jacket or coat which one
of our party gave him at once, though he him-
self was reduced to his shirt; and so commen-
ding ourselves to God, we followed the same
road which we saw the shepherd take, expec-
ting every moment that the coast-guard would
be down upon us. Nor did our expectation de-
ceive us, for two hours had not passed when,
coming out of the brushwood into the open
ground, we perceived some fifty mounted men
swiftly approaching us at a hand-gallop. As
soon as we saw them we stood still, waiting for
them; but as they came close and, instead of the
Moors they were in quest of, saw a set of poor
Christians, they were taken aback, and one of
them asked if it could be we who were the cau-
se of the shepherd having raised the call to
arms. I said "Yes," and as I was about to explain
to him what had occurred, and whence we ca-
me and who we were, one of the Christians of
our party recognised the horseman who had
put the question to us, and before I could say
anything more he exclaimed:
"Thanks be to God, sirs, for bringing us to
such good quarters; for, if I do not deceive my-
self, the ground we stand on is that of Velez
Malaga unless, indeed, all my years of captivity
have made me unable to recollect that you, se-
nor, who ask who we are, are Pedro de Busta-
mante, my uncle."
The Christian captive had hardly uttered
these words, when the horseman threw himself
off his horse, and ran to embrace the young
man, crying:
"Nephew of my soul and life! I recognise
thee now; and long have I mourned thee as
dead, I, and my sister, thy mother, and all thy
kin that are still alive, and whom God has been
pleased to preserve that they may enjoy the
happiness of seeing thee. We knew long since
that thou wert in Algiers, and from the appea-
rance of thy garments and those of all this
company, I conclude that ye have had a mira-
culous restoration to liberty."
"It is true," replied the young man, "and by-
and-by we will tell you all."
As soon as the horsemen understood that
we were Christian captives, they dismounted
from their horses, and each offered his to carry
us to the city of Velez Malaga, which was a
league and a half distant. Some of them went to
bring the boat to the city, we having told them
where we had left it; others took us up behind
them, and Zoraida was placed on the horse of
the young man's uncle. The whole town came
out to meet us, for they had by this time heard
of our arrival from one who had gone on in
advance. They were not astonished to see libe-
rated captives or captive Moors, for people on
that coast are well used to see both one and the
other; but they were astonished at the beauty of
Zoraida, which was just then heightened, as
well by the exertion of travelling as by joy at
finding herself on Christian soil, and relieved of
all fear of being lost; for this had brought such a
glow upon her face, that unless my affection for
her were deceiving me, I would venture to say
that there was not a more beautiful creature in
the world—at least, that I had ever seen. We
went straight to the church to return thanks to
God for the mercies we had received, and when
Zoraida entered it she said there were faces
there like Lela Marien's. We told her they were
her images; and as well as he could the renega-
de explained to her what they meant, that she
might adore them as if each of them were the
very same Lela Marien that had spoken to her;
and she, having great intelligence and a quick
and clear instinct, understood at once all he
said to her about them. Thence they took us
away and distributed us all in different houses
in the town; but as for the renegade, Zoraida,
and myself, the Christian who came with us
brought us to the house of his parents, who had
a fair share of the gifts of fortune, and treated
us with as much kindness as they did their own
son.
We remained six days in Velez, at the end of
which the renegade, having informed himself
of all that was requisite for him to do, set out
for the city of Granada to restore himself to the
sacred bosom of the Church through the me-
dium of the Holy Inquisition. The other relea-
sed captives took their departures, each the
way that seemed best to him, and Zoraida and I
were left alone, with nothing more than the
crowns which the courtesy of the Frenchman
had bestowed upon Zoraida, out of which I
bought the beast on which she rides; and, I for
the present attending her as her father and
squire and not as her husband, we are now
going to ascertain if my father is living, or if
any of my brothers has had better fortune than
mine has been; though, as Heaven has made
me the companion of Zoraida, I think no other
lot could be assigned to me, however happy,
that I would rather have. The patience with
which she endures the hardships that poverty
brings with it, and the eagerness she shows to
become a Christian, are such that they fill me
with admiration, and bind me to serve her all
my life; though the happiness I feel in seeing
myself hers, and her mine, is disturbed and
marred by not knowing whether I shall find
any corner to shelter her in my own country, or
whether time and death may not have made
such changes in the fortunes and lives of my
father and brothers, that I shall hardly find an-
yone who knows me, if they are not alive.
I have no more of my story to tell you, gen-
tlemen; whether it be an interesting or a curious
one let your better judgments decide; all I can
say is I would gladly have told it to you more
briefly; although my fear of wearying you has
made me leave out more than one circumstan-
ce.

CHAPTER XLII.

WHICH TREATS OF WHAT FURT-

HER TOOK PLACE IN THE INN, AND
OF SEVERAL OTHER THINGS
WORTH KNOWING

With these words the captive held his peace,

and Don Fernando said to him, "In truth, cap-
tain, the manner in which you have related this
remarkable adventure has been such as befitted
the novelty and strangeness of the matter. The
whole story is curious and uncommon, and
abounds with incidents that fill the hearers
with wonder and astonishment; and so great is
the pleasure we have found in listening to it
that we should be glad if it were to begin again,
even though to-morrow were to find us still
occupied with the same tale." And while he
said this Cardenio and the rest of them offered
to be of service to him in any way that lay in
their power, and in words and language so
kindly and sincere that the captain was much
gratified by their good-will. In particular Don
Fernando offered, if he would go back with
him, to get his brother the marquis to become
godfather at the baptism of Zoraida, and on his
own part to provide him with the means of
making his appearance in his own country with
the credit and comfort he was entitled to. For
all this the captive returned thanks very cour-
teously, although he would not accept any of
their generous offers.
By this time night closed in, and as it did,
there came up to the inn a coach attended by
some men on horseback, who demanded ac-
commodation; to which the landlady replied
that there was not a hand's breadth of the who-
le inn unoccupied.
"Still, for all that," said one of those who had
entered on horseback, "room must be found for
his lordship the Judge here."
At this name the landlady was taken aback,
and said, "Senor, the fact is I have no beds; but
if his lordship the Judge carries one with him,
as no doubt he does, let him come in and wel-
come; for my husband and I will give up our
room to accommodate his worship."
"Very good, so be it," said the squire; but in
the meantime a man had got out of the coach
whose dress indicated at a glance the office and
post he held, for the long robe with ruffled
sleeves that he wore showed that he was, as his
servant said, a Judge of appeal. He led by the
hand a young girl in a travelling dress, appa-
rently about sixteen years of age, and of such a
high-bred air, so beautiful and so graceful, that
all were filled with admiration when she made
her appearance, and but for having seen Do-
rothea, Luscinda, and Zoraida, who were there
in the inn, they would have fancied that a beau-
ty like that of this maiden's would have been
hard to find. Don Quixote was present at the
entrance of the Judge with the young lady, and
as soon as he saw him he said, "Your worship
may with confidence enter and take your ease
in this castle; for though the accommodation be
scanty and poor, there are no quarters so cram-
ped or inconvenient that they cannot make ro-
om for arms and letters; above all if arms and
letters have beauty for a guide and leader, as
letters represented by your worship have in
this fair maiden, to whom not only ought cas-
tles to throw themselves open and yield them-
selves up, but rocks should rend themselves
asunder and mountains divide and bow them-
selves down to give her a reception. Enter, your
worship, I say, into this paradise, for here you
will find stars and suns to accompany the hea-
ven your worship brings with you, here you
will find arms in their supreme excellence, and
beauty in its highest perfection."
The Judge was struck with amazement at the
language of Don Quixote, whom he scrutinized
very carefully, no less astonished by his figure
than by his talk; and before he could find
words to answer him he had a fresh surprise,
when he saw opposite to him Luscinda, Dorot-
hea, and Zoraida, who, having heard of the
new guests and of the beauty of the young la-
dy, had come to see her and welcome her; Don
Fernando, Cardenio, and the curate, however,
greeted him in a more intelligible and polished
style. In short, the Judge made his entrance in a
state of bewilderment, as well with what he
saw as what he heard, and the fair ladies of the
inn gave the fair damsel a cordial welcome. On
the whole he could perceive that all who were
there were people of quality; but with the figu-
re, countenance, and bearing of Don Quixote he
was at his wits' end; and all civilities having
been exchanged, and the accommodation of the
inn inquired into, it was settled, as it had been
before settled, that all the women should retire
to the garret that has been already mentioned,
and that the men should remain outside as if to
guard them; the Judge, therefore, was very well
pleased to allow his daughter, for such the
damsel was, to go with the ladies, which she
did very willingly; and with part of the host's
narrow bed and half of what the Judge had
brought with him, they made a more comforta-
ble arrangement for the night than they had
expected.
The captive, whose heart had leaped within
him the instant he saw the Judge, telling him
somehow that this was his brother, asked one
of the servants who accompanied him what his
name was, and whether he knew from what
part of the country he came. The servant re-
plied that he was called the Licentiate Juan Pe-
rez de Viedma, and that he had heard it said he
came from a village in the mountains of Leon.
From this statement, and what he himself had
seen, he felt convinced that this was his brother
who had adopted letters by his father's advice;
and excited and rejoiced, he called Don Fer-
nando and Cardenio and the curate aside, and
told them how the matter stood, assuring them
that the judge was his brother. The servant had
further informed him that he was now going to
the Indies with the appointment of Judge of the
Supreme Court of Mexico; and he had learned,
likewise, that the young lady was his daughter,
whose mother had died in giving birth to her,
and that he was very rich in consequence of the
dowry left to him with the daughter. He asked
their advice as to what means he should adopt
to make himself known, or to ascertain before-
hand whether, when he had made himself
known, his brother, seeing him so poor, would
be ashamed of him, or would receive him with
a warm heart.
"Leave it to me to find out that," said the cu-
rate; "though there is no reason for supposing,
senor captain, that you will not be kindly recei-
ved, because the worth and wisdom that your
brother's bearing shows him to possess do not
make it likely that he will prove haughty or
insensible, or that he will not know how to es-
timate the accidents of fortune at their proper
value."
"Still," said the captain, "I would not make
myself known abruptly, but in some indirect
way."
"I have told you already," said the curate,
"that I will manage it in a way to satisfy us all."
By this time supper was ready, and they all
took their seats at the table, except the captive,
and the ladies, who supped by themselves in
their own room. In the middle of supper the
curate said:
"I had a comrade of your worship's name,
Senor Judge, in Constantinople, where I was a
captive for several years, and that same comra-
de was one of the stoutest soldiers and captains
in the whole Spanish infantry; but he had as
large a share of misfortune as he had of gallan-
try and courage."
"And how was the captain called, senor?"
asked the Judge.
"He was called Ruy Perez de Viedma," re-
plied the curate, "and he was born in a village
in the mountains of Leon; and he mentioned a
circumstance connected with his father and his
brothers which, had it not been told me by so
truthful a man as he was, I should have set
down as one of those fables the old women tell
over the fire in winter; for he said his father had
divided his property among his three sons and
had addressed words of advice to them soun-
der than any of Cato's. But I can say this much,
that the choice he made of going to the wars
was attended with such success, that by his
gallant conduct and courage, and without any
help save his own merit, he rose in a few years
to be captain of infantry, and to see himself on
the high-road and in position to be given the
command of a corps before long; but Fortune
was against him, for where he might have ex-
pected her favour he lost it, and with it his li-
berty, on that glorious day when so many reco-
vered theirs, at the battle of Lepanto. I lost mine
at the Goletta, and after a variety of adventures
we found ourselves comrades at Constantino-
ple. Thence he went to Algiers, where he met
with one of the most extraordinary adventures
that ever befell anyone in the world."
Here the curate went on to relate briefly his
brother's adventure with Zoraida; to all which
the Judge gave such an attentive hearing that
he never before had been so much of a hearer.
The curate, however, only went so far as to
describe how the Frenchmen plundered those
who were in the boat, and the poverty and di-
stress in which his comrade and the fair Moor
were left, of whom he said he had not been able
to learn what became of them, or whether they
had reached Spain, or been carried to France by
the Frenchmen.
 The captain, standing a little to one side, was
listening to all the curate said, and watching
every movement of his brother, who, as soon as
he perceived the curate had made an end of his
story, gave a deep sigh and said with his eyes
full of tears, "Oh, senor, if you only knew what
news you have given me and how it comes
home to me, making me show how I feel it with
these tears that spring from my eyes in spite of
all my worldly wisdom and self-restraint! That
brave captain that you speak of is my eldest
brother, who, being of a bolder and loftier mind
than my other brother or myself, chose the
honourable and worthy calling of arms, which
was one of the three careers our father propo-
sed to us, as your comrade mentioned in that
fable you thought he was telling you. I follo-
wed that of letters, in which God and my own
exertions have raised me to the position in
which you see me. My second brother is in Pe-
ru, so wealthy that with what he has sent to my
father and to me he has fully repaid the portion
he took with him, and has even furnished my
father's hands with the means of gratifying his
natural generosity, while I too have been ena-
bled to pursue my studies in a more becoming
and creditable fashion, and so to attain my pre-
sent standing. My father is still alive, though
dying with anxiety to hear of his eldest son,
and he prays God unceasingly that death may
not close his eyes until he has looked upon tho-
se of his son; but with regard to him what sur-
prises me is, that having so much common sen-
se as he had, he should have neglected to give
any intelligence about himself, either in his
troubles and sufferings, or in his prosperity, for
if his father or any of us had known of his con-
dition he need not have waited for that miracle
of the reed to obtain his ransom; but what now
disquiets me is the uncertainty whether those
Frenchmen may have restored him to liberty, or
murdered him to hide the robbery. All this will
make me continue my journey, not with the
satisfaction in which I began it, but in the dee-
pest melancholy and sadness. Oh dear brother!
that I only knew where thou art now, and I
would hasten to seek thee out and deliver thee
from thy sufferings, though it were to cost me
suffering myself! Oh that I could bring news to
our old father that thou art alive, even wert
thou the deepest dungeon of Barbary; for his
wealth and my brother's and mine would res-
cue thee thence! Oh beautiful and generous
Zoraida, that I could repay thy good goodness
to a brother! That I could be present at the new
birth of thy soul, and at thy bridal that would
give us all such happiness!"
All this and more the Judge uttered with
such deep emotion at the news he had received
of his brother that all who heard him shared in
it, showing their sympathy with his sorrow.
The curate, seeing, then, how well he had suc-
ceeded in carrying out his purpose and the cap-
tain's wishes, had no desire to keep them un-
happy any longer, so he rose from the table and
going into the room where Zoraida was he took
her by the hand, Luscinda, Dorothea, and the
Judge's daughter following her. The captain
was waiting to see what the curate would do,
when the latter, taking him with the other
hand, advanced with both of them to where the
Judge and the other gentlemen were and said,
"Let your tears cease to flow, Senor Judge, and
the wish of your heart be gratified as fully as
you could desire, for you have before you your
worthy brother and your good sister-in-law. He
whom you see here is the Captain Viedma, and
this is the fair Moor who has been so good to
him. The Frenchmen I told you of have reduced
them to the state of poverty you see that you
may show the generosity of your kind heart."
The captain ran to embrace his brother, who
placed both hands on his breast so as to have a
good look at him, holding him a little way off
but as soon as he had fully recognised him he
clasped him in his arms so closely, shedding
such tears of heartfelt joy, that most of those
present could not but join in them. The words
the brothers exchanged, the emotion they sho-
wed can scarcely be imagined, I fancy, much
less put down in writing. They told each other
in a few words the events of their lives; they
showed the true affection of brothers in all its
strength; then the judge embraced Zoraida,
putting all he possessed at her disposal; then he
made his daughter embrace her, and the fair
Christian and the lovely Moor drew fresh tears
from every eye. And there was Don Quixote
observing all these strange proceedings attenti-
vely without uttering a word, and attributing
the whole to chimeras of knight-errantry. Then
they agreed that the captain and Zoraida
should return with his brother to Seville, and
send news to his father of his having been deli-
vered and found, so as to enable him to come
and be present at the marriage and baptism of
Zoraida, for it was impossible for the Judge to
put off his journey, as he was informed that in a
month from that time the fleet was to sail from
Seville for New Spain, and to miss the passage
would have been a great inconvenience to him.
In short, everybody was well pleased and glad
at the captive's good fortune; and as now al-
most two-thirds of the night were past, they
resolved to retire to rest for the remainder of it.
Don Quixote offered to mount guard over the
castle lest they should be attacked by some
giant or other malevolent scoundrel, covetous
of the great treasure of beauty the castle contai-
ned. Those who understood him returned him
thanks for this service, and they gave the Judge
an account of his extraordinary humour, with
which he was not a little amused. Sancho Panza
alone was fuming at the lateness of the hour for
retiring to rest; and he of all was the one that
made himself most comfortable, as he stretched
himself on the trappings of his ass, which, as
will be told farther on, cost him so dear.
The ladies, then, having retired to their
chamber, and the others having disposed them-
selves with as little discomfort as they could,
Don Quixote sallied out of the inn to act as sen-
tinel of the castle as he had promised. It happe-
ned, however, that a little before the approach
of dawn a voice so musical and sweet reached
the ears of the ladies that it forced them all to
listen attentively, but especially Dorothea, who
had been awake, and by whose side Dona Clara
de Viedma, for so the Judge's daughter was
called, lay sleeping. No one could imagine who
it was that sang so sweetly, and the voice was
unaccompanied by any instrument. At one
moment it seemed to them as if the singer were
in the courtyard, at another in the stable; and as
they were all attention, wondering, Cardenio
came to the door and said, "Listen, whoever is
not asleep, and you will hear a muleteer's voice
that enchants as it chants."
"We are listening to it already, senor," said
Dorothea; on which Cardenio went away; and
Dorothea, giving all her attention to it, made
out the words of the song to be these:
 CHAPTER XLIII.

WHEREIN IS RELATED THE PLEA-

SANT STORY OF THE MULETEER,
TOGETHER WITH OTHER STRANGE
THINGS THAT CAME TO PASS IN
THE INN
Ah me, Love's mariner am I
On Love's deep ocean sailing;
I know not where the haven lies,
I dare not hope to gain it.
One solitary distant star
Is all I have to guide me,
A brighter orb than those of old
That Palinurus lighted.
And vaguely drifting am I borne,
I know not where it leads me;
I fix my gaze on it alone,
Of all beside it heedless.
 But over-cautious prudery,
And coyness cold and cruel,
When most I need it, these, like clouds,
Its longed-for light refuse me.
Bright star, goal of my yearning eyes
As thou above me beamest,
When thou shalt hide thee from my sight
I'll know that death is near me.
The singer had got so far when it struck Do-
rothea that it was not fair to let Clara miss hea-
ring such a sweet voice, so, shaking her from
side to side, she woke her, saying:
"Forgive me, child, for waking thee, but I do
so that thou mayest have the pleasure of hea-
ring the best voice thou hast ever heard, per-
haps, in all thy life."
Clara awoke quite drowsy, and not unders-
tanding at the moment what Dorothea said,
asked her what it was; she repeated what she
had said, and Clara became attentive at once;
but she had hardly heard two lines, as the sin-
ger continued, when a strange trembling seized
her, as if she were suffering from a severe at-
tack of quartan ague, and throwing her arms
round Dorothea she said:
"Ah, dear lady of my soul and life! why did
you wake me? The greatest kindness fortune
could do me now would be to close my eyes
and ears so as neither to see or hear that un-
happy musician."
"What art thou talking about, child?" said
Dorothea. "Why, they say this singer is a mule-
teer!"
"Nay, he is the lord of many places," replied
Clara, "and that one in my heart which he holds
so firmly shall never be taken from him, unless
he be willing to surrender it."
Dorothea was amazed at the ardent langua-
ge of the girl, for it seemed to be far beyond
such experience of life as her tender years gave
any promise of, so she said to her:
"You speak in such a way that I cannot un-
derstand you, Senora Clara; explain yourself
more clearly, and tell me what is this you are
saying about hearts and places and this musi-
cian whose voice has so moved you? But do not
tell me anything now; I do not want to lose the
pleasure I get from listening to the singer by
giving my attention to your transports, for I
perceive he is beginning to sing a new strain
and a new air."
"Let him, in Heaven's name," returned Clara;
and not to hear him she stopped both ears with
her hands, at which Dorothea was again surpri-
sed; but turning her attention to the song she
found that it ran in this fashion:
Sweet Hope, my stay,
That onward to the goal of thy intent
Dost make thy way,
Heedless of hindrance or impediment,
Have thou no fear
If at each step thou findest death is near.
No victory,
No joy of triumph doth the faint heart know;
Unblest is he
That a bold front to Fortune dares not show,
 But soul and sense
In bondage yieldeth up to indolence.
If Love his wares
Do dearly sell, his right must be contest;
What gold compares
With that whereon his stamp he hath imprest?
And all men know
What costeth little that we rate but low.
Love resolute
Knows not the word "impossibility;"
And though my suit
Beset by endless obstacles I see,
Yet no despair
Shall hold me bound to earth while heaven is
there.
Here the voice ceased and Clara's sobs be-
gan afresh, all which excited Dorothea's curiosi-
ty to know what could be the cause of singing
so sweet and weeping so bitter, so she again
asked her what it was she was going to say
before. On this Clara, afraid that Luscinda
might overhear her, winding her arms tightly
round Dorothea put her mouth so close to her
ear that she could speak without fear of being
heard by anyone else, and said:
"This singer, dear senora, is the son of a gen-
tleman of Aragon, lord of two villages, who
lives opposite my father's house at Madrid; and
though my father had curtains to the windows
of his house in winter, and lattice-work in
summer, in some way—I know not how—this
gentleman, who was pursuing his studies, saw
me, whether in church or elsewhere, I cannot
tell, and, in fact, fell in love with me, and gave
me to know it from the windows of his house,
with so many signs and tears that I was forced
to believe him, and even to love him, without
knowing what it was he wanted of me. One of
the signs he used to make me was to link one
hand in the other, to show me he wished to
marry me; and though I should have been glad
if that could be, being alone and motherless I
knew not whom to open my mind to, and so I
left it as it was, showing him no favour, except
when my father, and his too, were from home,
to raise the curtain or the lattice a little and let
him see me plainly, at which he would show
such delight that he seemed as if he were going
mad. Meanwhile the time for my father's de-
parture arrived, which he became aware of, but
not from me, for I had never been able to tell
him of it. He fell sick, of grief I believe, and so
the day we were going away I could not see
him to take farewell of him, were it only with
the eyes. But after we had been two days on the
road, on entering the posada of a village a day's
journey from this, I saw him at the inn door in
the dress of a muleteer, and so well disguised,
that if I did not carry his image graven on my
heart it would have been impossible for me to
recognise him. But I knew him, and I was sur-
prised, and glad; he watched me, unsuspected
by my father, from whom he always hides him-
self when he crosses my path on the road, or in
the posadas where we halt; and, as I know
what he is, and reflect that for love of me he
makes this journey on foot in all this hardship, I
am ready to die of sorrow; and where he sets
foot there I set my eyes. I know not with what
object he has come; or how he could have got
away from his father, who loves him beyond
measure, having no other heir, and because he
deserves it, as you will perceive when you see
him. And moreover, I can tell you, all that he
sings is out of his own head; for I have heard
them say he is a great scholar and poet; and
what is more, every time I see him or hear him
sing I tremble all over, and am terrified lest my
father should recognise him and come to know
of our loves. I have never spoken a word to him
in my life; and for all that I love him so that I
could not live without him. This, dear senora, is
all I have to tell you about the musician whose
voice has delighted you so much; and from it
alone you might easily perceive he is no mule-
teer, but a lord of hearts and towns, as I told
you already."
 "Say no more, Dona Clara," said Dorothea at
this, at the same time kissing her a thousand
times over, "say no more, I tell you, but wait till
day comes; when I trust in God to arrange this
affair of yours so that it may have the happy
ending such an innocent beginning deserves."
"Ah, senora," said Dona Clara, "what end
can be hoped for when his father is of such lof-
ty position, and so wealthy, that he would
think I was not fit to be even a servant to his
son, much less wife? And as to marrying wit-
hout the knowledge of my father, I would not
do it for all the world. I would not ask anything
more than that this youth should go back and
leave me; perhaps with not seeing him, and the
long distance we shall have to travel, the pain I
suffer now may become easier; though I dare-
say the remedy I propose will do me very little
good. I don't know how the devil this has come
about, or how this love I have for him got in; I
such a young girl, and he such a mere boy; for I
verily believe we are both of an age, and I am
not sixteen yet; for I will be sixteen Michaelmas
Day, next, my father says."
Dorothea could not help laughing to hear
how like a child Dona Clara spoke. "Let us go
to sleep now, senora," said she, "for the little of
the night that I fancy is left to us: God will soon
send us daylight, and we will set all to rights,
or it will go hard with me."
With this they fell asleep, and deep silence
reigned all through the inn. The only persons
not asleep were the landlady's daughter and
her servant Maritornes, who, knowing the we-
ak point of Don Quixote's humour, and that he
was outside the inn mounting guard in armour
and on horseback, resolved, the pair of them, to
play some trick upon him, or at any rate to
amuse themselves for a while by listening to his
nonsense. As it so happened there was not a
window in the whole inn that looked outwards
except a hole in the wall of a straw-loft through
which they used to throw out the straw. At this
hole the two demi-damsels posted themselves,
and observed Don Quixote on his horse, lea-
ning on his pike and from time to time sending
forth such deep and doleful sighs, that he see-
med to pluck up his soul by the roots with each
of them; and they could hear him, too, saying
in a soft, tender, loving tone, "Oh my lady Dul-
cinea del Toboso, perfection of all beauty,
summit and crown of discretion, treasure house
of grace, depositary of virtue, and finally, ideal
of all that is good, honourable, and delectable
in this world! What is thy grace doing now? Art
thou, perchance, mindful of thy enslaved
knight who of his own free will hath exposed
himself to so great perils, and all to serve thee?
Give me tidings of her, oh luminary of the three
faces! Perhaps at this moment, envious of hers,
thou art regarding her, either as she paces to
and fro some gallery of her sumptuous palaces,
or leans over some balcony, meditating how,
whilst preserving her purity and greatness, she
may mitigate the tortures this wretched heart of
mine endures for her sake, what glory should
recompense my sufferings, what repose my
toil, and lastly what death my life, and what
reward my services? And thou, oh sun, that art
now doubtless harnessing thy steeds in haste to
rise betimes and come forth to see my lady;
when thou seest her I entreat of thee to salute
her on my behalf: but have a care, when thou
shalt see her and salute her, that thou kiss not
her face; for I shall be more jealous of thee than
thou wert of that light-footed ingrate that made
thee sweat and run so on the plains of Thessaly,
or on the banks of the Peneus (for I do not exac-
tly recollect where it was thou didst run on that
occasion) in thy jealousy and love."
Don Quixote had got so far in his pathetic
speech when the landlady's daughter began to
signal to him, saying, "Senor, come over here,
please."
At these signals and voice Don Quixote tur-
ned his head and saw by the light of the moon,
which then was in its full splendour, that some
one was calling to him from the hole in the
wall, which seemed to him to be a window, and
what is more, with a gilt grating, as rich castles,
such as he believed the inn to be, ought to have;
and it immediately suggested itself to his ima-
gination that, as on the former occasion, the fair
damsel, the daughter of the lady of the castle,
overcome by love for him, was once more en-
deavouring to win his affections; and with this
idea, not to show himself discourteous, or un-
grateful, he turned Rocinante's head and ap-
proached the hole, and as he perceived the two
wenches he said:
"I pity you, beauteous lady, that you should
have directed your thoughts of love to a quar-
ter from whence it is impossible that such a
return can be made to you as is due to your
great merit and gentle birth, for which you
must not blame this unhappy knight-errant
whom love renders incapable of submission to
any other than her whom, the first moment his
eyes beheld her, he made absolute mistress of
his soul. Forgive me, noble lady, and retire to
your apartment, and do not, by any further
declaration of your passion, compel me to show
myself more ungrateful; and if, of the love you
bear me, you should find that there is anything
else in my power wherein I can gratify you,
provided it be not love itself, demand it of me;
for I swear to you by that sweet absent enemy
of mine to grant it this instant, though it be that
you require of me a lock of Medusa's hair,
which was all snakes, or even the very beams of
the sun shut up in a vial."
"My mistress wants nothing of that sort, sir
knight," said Maritornes at this.
"What then, discreet dame, is it that your
mistress wants?" replied Don
Quixote.
"Only one of your fair hands," said Maritor-
nes, "to enable her to vent over it the great pas-
sion passion which has brought her to this lo-
ophole, so much to the risk of her honour; for if
the lord her father had heard her, the least slice
he would cut off her would be her ear."
 "I should like to see that tried," said Don
Quixote; "but he had better beware of that, if he
does not want to meet the most disastrous end
that ever father in the world met for having laid
hands on the tender limbs of a love-stricken
daughter."
Maritornes felt sure that Don Quixote would
present the hand she had asked, and making
up her mind what to do, she got down from the
hole and went into the stable, where she took
the halter of Sancho Panza's ass, and in all haste
returned to the hole, just as Don Quixote had
planted himself standing on Rocinante's saddle
in order to reach the grated window where he
supposed the lovelorn damsel to be; and giving
her his hand, he said, "Lady, take this hand, or
rather this scourge of the evil-doers of the
earth; take, I say, this hand which no other
hand of woman has ever touched, not even
hers who has complete possession of my entire
body. I present it to you, not that you may kiss
it, but that you may observe the contexture of
the sinews, the close network of the muscles,
the breadth and capacity of the veins, whence
you may infer what must be the strength of the
arm that has such a hand."
"That we shall see presently," said Maritor-
nes, and making a running knot on the halter,
she passed it over his wrist and coming down
from the hole tied the other end very firmly to
the bolt of the door of the straw-loft.
Don Quixote, feeling the roughness of the
rope on his wrist, exclaimed, "Your grace seems
to be grating rather than caressing my hand;
treat it not so harshly, for it is not to blame for
the offence my resolution has given you, nor is
it just to wreak all your vengeance on so small a
part; remember that one who loves so well
should not revenge herself so cruelly."
But there was nobody now to listen to these
words of Don Quixote's, for as soon as Mari-
tornes had tied him she and the other made off,
ready to die with laughing, leaving him faste-
ned in such a way that it was impossible for
him to release himself.
He was, as has been said, standing on Roci-
nante, with his arm passed through the hole
and his wrist tied to the bolt of the door, and in
mighty fear and dread of being left hanging by
the arm if Rocinante were to stir one side or the
other; so he did not dare to make the least mo-
vement, although from the patience and imper-
turbable disposition of Rocinante, he had good
reason to expect that he would stand without
budging for a whole century. Finding himself
fast, then, and that the ladies had retired, he
began to fancy that all this was done by en-
chantment, as on the former occasion when in
that same castle that enchanted Moor of a ca-
rrier had belaboured him; and he cursed in his
heart his own want of sense and judgment in
venturing to enter the castle again, after having
come off so badly the first time; it being a set-
tled point with knights-errant that when they
have tried an adventure, and have not succee-
ded in it, it is a sign that it is not reserved for
them but for others, and that therefore they
need not try it again. Nevertheless he pulled his
arm to see if he could release himself, but it had
been made so fast that all his efforts were in
vain. It is true he pulled it gently lest Rocinante
should move, but try as he might to seat him-
self in the saddle, he had nothing for it but to
stand upright or pull his hand off. Then it was
he wished for the sword of Amadis, against
which no enchantment whatever had any po-
wer; then he cursed his ill fortune; then he
magnified the loss the world would sustain by
his absence while he remained there enchanted,
for that he believed he was beyond all doubt;
then he once more took to thinking of his belo-
ved Dulcinea del Toboso; then he called to his
worthy squire Sancho Panza, who, buried in
sleep and stretched upon the pack-saddle of his
ass, was oblivious, at that moment, of the mot-
her that bore him; then he called upon the sages
Lirgandeo and Alquife to come to his aid; then
he invoked his good friend Urganda to succour
him; and then, at last, morning found him in
such a state of desperation and perplexity that
he was bellowing like a bull, for he had no
hope that day would bring any relief to his suf-
fering, which he believed would last for ever,
inasmuch as he was enchanted; and of this he
was convinced by seeing that Rocinante never
stirred, much or little, and he felt persuaded
that he and his horse were to remain in this
state, without eating or drinking or sleeping,
until the malign influence of the stars was
overpast, or until some other more sage en-
chanter should disenchant him.
But he was very much deceived in this con-
clusion, for daylight had hardly begun to appe-
ar when there came up to the inn four men on
horseback, well equipped and accoutred, with
firelocks across their saddle-bows. They called
out and knocked loudly at the gate of the inn,
which was still shut; on seeing which, Don
Quixote, even there where he was, did not for-
get to act as sentinel, and said in a loud and
imperious tone, "Knights, or squires, or whate-
ver ye be, ye have no right to knock at the gates
of this castle; for it is plain enough that they
who are within are either asleep, or else are not
in the habit of throwing open the fortress until
the sun's rays are spread over the whole surface
of the earth. Withdraw to a distance, and wait
till it is broad daylight, and then we shall see
whether it will be proper or not to open to
you."
"What the devil fortress or castle is this,"
said one, "to make us stand on such ceremony?
If you are the innkeeper bid them open to us;
we are travellers who only want to feed our
horses and go on, for we are in haste."
"Do you think, gentlemen, that I look like an
innkeeper?" said Don
Quixote.
"I don't know what you look like," replied
the other; "but I know that you are talking non-
sense when you call this inn a castle."
 "A castle it is," returned Don Quixote, "nay,
more, one of the best in this whole province,
and it has within it people who have had the
sceptre in the hand and the crown on the head."
"It would be better if it were the other way,"
said the traveller, "the sceptre on the head and
the crown in the hand; but if so, may be there is
within some company of players, with whom it
is a common thing to have those crowns and
sceptres you speak of; for in such a small inn as
this, and where such silence is kept, I do not
believe any people entitled to crowns and scep-
tres can have taken up their quarters."
"You know but little of the world," returned
Don Quixote, "since you are ignorant of what
commonly occurs in knight-errantry."
But the comrades of the spokesman, gro-
wing weary of the dialogue with Don Quixote,
renewed their knocks with great vehemence, so
much so that the host, and not only he but eve-
rybody in the inn, awoke, and he got up to ask
who knocked. It happened at this moment that
one of the horses of the four who were seeking
admittance went to smell Rocinante, who me-
lancholy, dejected, and with drooping ears sto-
od motionless, supporting his sorely stretched
master; and as he was, after all, flesh, though he
looked as if he were made of wood, he could
not help giving way and in return smelling the
one who had come to offer him attentions. But
he had hardly moved at all when Don Quixote
lost his footing; and slipping off the saddle, he
would have come to the ground, but for being
suspended by the arm, which caused him such
agony that he believed either his wrist would
be cut through or his arm torn off; and he hung
so near the ground that he could just touch it
with his feet, which was all the worse for him;
for, finding how little was wanted to enable
him to plant his feet firmly, he struggled and
stretched himself as much as he could to gain a
footing; just like those undergoing the torture
of the strappado, when they are fixed at "touch
and no touch," who aggravate their own suffe-
rings by their violent efforts to stretch themsel-
ves, deceived by the hope which makes them
fancy that with a very little more they will re-
ach the ground.

CHAPTER XLIV.

IN WHICH ARE CONTINUED THE

UNHEARD-OF ADVENTURES OF THE
INN

So loud, in fact, were the shouts of Don

Quixote, that the landlord opening the gate of
the inn in all haste, came out in dismay, and
ran to see who was uttering such cries, and
those who were outside joined him. Maritornes,
who had been by this time roused up by the
same outcry, suspecting what it was, ran to the
loft and, without anyone seeing her, untied the
halter by which Don Quixote was suspended,
and down he came to the ground in the sight of
the landlord and the travellers, who approa-
ching asked him what was the matter with him
that he shouted so. He without replying a word
took the rope off his wrist, and rising to his feet
leaped upon Rocinante, braced his buckler on
his arm, put his lance in rest, and making a
considerable circuit of the plain came back at a
half-gallop exclaiming:
"Whoever shall say that I have been enchan-
ted with just cause, provided my lady the Prin-
cess Micomicona grants me permission to do
so, I give him the lie, challenge him and defy
him to single combat."
The newly arrived travellers were amazed at
the words of Don Quixote; but the landlord
removed their surprise by telling them who he
was, and not to mind him as he was out of his
senses. They then asked the landlord if by any
chance a youth of about fifteen years of age had
come to that inn, one dressed like a muleteer,
and of such and such an appearance, describing
that of Dona Clara's lover. The landlord replied
that there were so many people in the inn he
had not noticed the person they were inquiring
for; but one of them observing the coach in
which the Judge had come, said, "He is here no
doubt, for this is the coach he is following: let
one of us stay at the gate, and the rest go in to
look for him; or indeed it would be as well if
one of us went round the inn, lest he should
escape over the wall of the yard." "So be it,"
said another; and while two of them went in,
one remained at the gate and the other made
the circuit of the inn; observing all which, the
landlord was unable to conjecture for what
reason they were taking all these precautions,
though he understood they were looking for
the youth whose description they had given
him.
 It was by this time broad daylight; and for
that reason, as well as in consequence of the
noise Don Quixote had made, everybody was
awake and up, but particularly Dona Clara and
Dorothea; for they had been able to sleep but
badly that night, the one from agitation at
having her lover so near her, the other from
curiosity to see him. Don Quixote, when he saw
that not one of the four travellers took any noti-
ce of him or replied to his challenge, was fu-
rious and ready to die with indignation and
wrath; and if he could have found in the ordi-
nances of chivalry that it was lawful for a
knight-errant to undertake or engage in another
enterprise, when he had plighted his word and
faith not to involve himself in any until he had
made an end of the one to which he was pled-
ged, he would have attacked the whole of
them, and would have made them return an
answer in spite of themselves. But considering
that it would not become him, nor be right, to
begin any new emprise until he had established
Micomicona in her kingdom, he was constrai-
ned to hold his peace and wait quietly to see
what would be the upshot of the proceedings of
those same travellers; one of whom found the
youth they were seeking lying asleep by the
side of a muleteer, without a thought of anyone
coming in search of him, much less finding
him.
The man laid hold of him by the arm, sa-
ying, "It becomes you well indeed, Senor Don
Luis, to be in the dress you wear, and well the
bed in which I find you agrees with the luxury
in which your mother reared you."
The youth rubbed his sleepy eyes and stared
for a while at him who held him, but presently
recognised him as one of his father's servants,
at which he was so taken aback that for some
time he could not find or utter a word; while
the servant went on to say, "There is nothing
for it now, Senor Don Luis, but to submit quie-
tly and return home, unless it is your wish that
my lord, your father, should take his departure
for the other world, for nothing else can be the
consequence of the grief he is in at your absen-
ce."
"But how did my father know that I had go-
ne this road and in this dress?" said Don Luis.
"It was a student to whom you confided
your intentions," answered the servant, "that
disclosed them, touched with pity at the di-
stress he saw your father suffer on missing you;
he therefore despatched four of his servants in
quest of you, and here we all are at your servi-
ce, better pleased than you can imagine that we
shall return so soon and be able to restore you
to those eyes that so yearn for you."
"That shall be as I please, or as heaven or-
ders," returned Don Luis.
"What can you please or heaven order," said
the other, "except to agree to go back? Anyt-
hing else is impossible."
All this conversation between the two was
overheard by the muleteer at whose side Don
Luis lay, and rising, he went to report what had
taken place to Don Fernando, Cardenio, and
the others, who had by this time dressed them-
selves; and told them how the man had addres-
sed the youth as "Don," and what words had
passed, and how he wanted him to return to his
father, which the youth was unwilling to do.
With this, and what they already knew of the
rare voice that heaven had bestowed upon him,
they all felt very anxious to know more particu-
larly who he was, and even to help him if it
was attempted to employ force against him; so
they hastened to where he was still talking and
arguing with his servant. Dorothea at this ins-
tant came out of her room, followed by Dona
Clara all in a tremor; and calling Cardenio asi-
de, she told him in a few words the story of the
musician and Dona Clara, and he at the same
time told her what had happened, how his fat-
her's servants had come in search of him; but in
telling her so, he did not speak low enough but
that Dona Clara heard what he said, at which
she was so much agitated that had not Dorot-
hea hastened to support her she would have
fallen to the ground. Cardenio then bade Do-
rothea return to her room, as he would endea-
vour to make the whole matter right, and they
did as he desired. All the four who had come in
quest of Don Luis had now come into the inn
and surrounded him, urging him to return and
console his father at once and without a mo-
ment's delay. He replied that he could not do so
on any account until he had concluded some
business in which his life, honour, and heart
were at stake. The servants pressed him, saying
that most certainly they would not return wit-
hout him, and that they would take him away
whether he liked it or not.
"You shall not do that," replied Don Luis,
"unless you take me dead; though however you
take me, it will be without life."
By this time most of those in the inn had be-
en attracted by the dispute, but particularly
Cardenio, Don Fernando, his companions, the
Judge, the curate, the barber, and Don Quixote;
for he now considered there was no necessity
for mounting guard over the castle any longer.
Cardenio being already acquainted with the
young man's story, asked the men who wanted
to take him away, what object they had in see-
king to carry off this youth against his will.
"Our object," said one of the four, "is to save
the life of his father, who is in danger of losing
it through this gentleman's disappearance."
Upon this Don Luis exclaimed, "There is no
need to make my affairs public here; I am free,
and I will return if I please; and if not, none of
you shall compel me."
"Reason will compel your worship," said the
man, "and if it has no power over you, it has
power over us, to make us do what we came
for, and what it is our duty to do."
"Let us hear what the whole affair is about,"
said the Judge at this; but the man, who knew
him as a neighbour of theirs, replied, "Do you
not know this gentleman, Senor Judge? He is
the son of your neighbour, who has run away
from his father's house in a dress so unbeco-
ming his rank, as your worship may perceive."
The judge on this looked at him more care-
fully and recognised him, and embracing him
said, "What folly is this, Senor Don Luis, or
what can have been the cause that could have
induced you to come here in this way, and in
this dress, which so ill becomes your condi-
tion?"
Tears came into the eyes of the young man,
and he was unable to utter a word in reply to
the Judge, who told the four servants not to be
uneasy, for all would be satisfactorily settled;
and then taking Don Luis by the hand, he drew
him aside and asked the reason of his having
come there.
But while he was questioning him they
heard a loud outcry at the gate of the inn, the
cause of which was that two of the guests who
had passed the night there, seeing everybody
busy about finding out what it was the four
men wanted, had conceived the idea of going
off without paying what they owed; but the
landlord, who minded his own affairs more
than other people's, caught them going out of
the gate and demanded his reckoning, abusing
them for their dishonesty with such language
that he drove them to reply with their fists, and
so they began to lay on him in such a style that
the poor man was forced to cry out, and call for
help. The landlady and her daughter could see
no one more free to give aid than Don Quixote,
and to him the daughter said, "Sir knight, by
the virtue God has given you, help my poor
father, for two wicked men are beating him to a
mummy."
To which Don Quixote very deliberately and
phlegmatically replied, "Fair damsel, at the pre-
sent moment your request is inopportune, for I
am debarred from involving myself in any ad-
venture until I have brought to a happy conclu-
sion one to which my word has pledged me;
but that which I can do for you is what I will
now mention: run and tell your father to stand
his ground as well as he can in this battle, and
on no account to allow himself to be vanquis-
hed, while I go and request permission of the
Princess Micomicona to enable me to succour
him in his distress; and if she grants it, rest as-
sured I will relieve him from it."
"Sinner that I am," exclaimed Maritornes,
who stood by; "before you have got your per-
mission my master will be in the other world."
"Give me leave, senora, to obtain the permis-
sion I speak of," returned Don Quixote; "and if I
get it, it will matter very little if he is in the ot-
her world; for I will rescue him thence in spite
of all the same world can do; or at any rate I
will give you such a revenge over those who
shall have sent him there that you will be more
than moderately satisfied;" and without saying
anything more he went and knelt before Do-
rothea, requesting her Highness in knightly
and errant phrase to be pleased to grant him
permission to aid and succour the castellan of
that castle, who now stood in grievous jeopar-
dy. The princess granted it graciously, and he
at once, bracing his buckler on his arm and
drawing his sword, hastened to the inn-gate,
where the two guests were still handling the
landlord roughly; but as soon as he reached the
spot he stopped short and stood still, though
Maritornes and the landlady asked him why he
hesitated to help their master and husband.
"I hesitate," said Don Quixote, "because it is
not lawful for me to draw sword against per-
sons of squirely condition; but call my squire
Sancho to me; for this defence and vengeance
are his affair and business."
Thus matters stood at the inn-gate, where
there was a very lively exchange of fisticuffs
and punches, to the sore damage of the land-
lord and to the wrath of Maritornes, the land-
lady, and her daughter, who were furious
when they saw the pusillanimity of Don Quixo-
te, and the hard treatment their master, hus-
band and father was undergoing. But let us
leave him there; for he will surely find some
one to help him, and if not, let him suffer and
hold his tongue who attempts more than his
strength allows him to do; and let us go back
fifty paces to see what Don Luis said in reply to
the Judge whom we left questioning him priva-
tely as to his reasons for coming on foot and so
meanly dressed.
To which the youth, pressing his hand in a
way that showed his heart was troubled by
some great sorrow, and shedding a flood of
tears, made answer:
"Senor, I have no more to tell you than that
from the moment when, through heaven's will
and our being near neighbours, I first saw Dona
Clara, your daughter and my lady, from that
instant I made her the mistress of my will, and
if yours, my true lord and father, offers no im-
pediment, this very day she shall become my
wife. For her I left my father's house, and for
her I assumed this disguise, to follow her whit-
hersoever she may go, as the arrow seeks its
mark or the sailor the pole-star. She knows
nothing more of my passion than what she may
have learned from having sometimes seen from
a distance that my eyes were filled with tears.
You know already, senor, the wealth and noble
birth of my parents, and that I am their sole
heir; if this be a sufficient inducement for you
to venture to make me completely happy, ac-
cept me at once as your son; for if my father,
influenced by other objects of his own, should
disapprove of this happiness I have sought for
myself, time has more power to alter and chan-
ge things, than human will."
With this the love-smitten youth was silent,
while the Judge, after hearing him, was asto-
nished, perplexed, and surprised, as well at the
manner and intelligence with which Don Luis
had confessed the secret of his heart, as at the
position in which he found himself, not kno-
wing what course to take in a matter so sudden
and unexpected. All the answer, therefore, he
gave him was to bid him to make his mind easy
for the present, and arrange with his servants
not to take him back that day, so that there
might be time to consider what was best for all
parties. Don Luis kissed his hands by force,
nay, bathed them with his tears, in a way that
would have touched a heart of marble, not to
say that of the Judge, who, as a shrewd man,
had already perceived how advantageous the
marriage would be to his daughter; though,
were it possible, he would have preferred that
it should be brought about with the consent of
the father of Don Luis, who he knew looked for
a title for his son.
The guests had by this time made peace
with the landlord, for, by persuasion and Don
Quixote's fair words more than by threats, they
had paid him what he demanded, and the ser-
vants of Don Luis were waiting for the end of
the conversation with the Judge and their mas-
ter's decision, when the devil, who never sle-
eps, contrived that the barber, from whom Don
Quixote had taken Mambrino's helmet, and
Sancho Panza the trappings of his ass in ex-
change for those of his own, should at this ins-
tant enter the inn; which said barber, as he led
his ass to the stable, observed Sancho Panza
engaged in repairing something or other belon-
ging to the pack-saddle; and the moment he
saw it he knew it, and made bold to attack San-
cho, exclaiming, "Ho, sir thief, I have caught
you! hand over my basin and my pack-saddle,
and all my trappings that you robbed me of."
Sancho, finding himself so unexpectedly as-
sailed, and hearing the abuse poured upon
him, seized the pack-saddle with one hand, and
with the other gave the barber a cuff that bat-
hed his teeth in blood. The barber, however,
was not so ready to relinquish the prize he had
made in the pack-saddle; on the contrary, he
raised such an outcry that everyone in the inn
came running to know what the noise and qua-
rrel meant. "Here, in the name of the king and
justice!" he cried, "this thief and highwayman
wants to kill me for trying to recover my pro-
perty."
 "You lie," said Sancho, "I am no highway-
man; it was in fair war my master
Don Quixote won these spoils."
Don Quixote was standing by at the time,
highly pleased to see his squire's stoutness,
both offensive and defensive, and from that
time forth he reckoned him a man of mettle,
and in his heart resolved to dub him a knight
on the first opportunity that presented itself,
feeling sure that the order of chivalry would be
fittingly bestowed upon him.
In the course of the altercation, among other
things the barber said, "Gentlemen, this pack-
saddle is mine as surely as I owe God a death,
and I know it as well as if I had given birth to it,
and here is my ass in the stable who will not let
me lie; only try it, and if it does not fit him like
a glove, call me a rascal; and what is more, the
same day I was robbed of this, they robbed me
likewise of a new brass basin, never yet hand-
selled, that would fetch a crown any day."
 At this Don Quixote could not keep himself
from answering; and interposing between the
two, and separating them, he placed the pack-
saddle on the ground, to lie there in sight until
the truth was established, and said, "Your
worships may perceive clearly and plainly the
error under which this worthy squire lies when
he calls a basin which was, is, and shall be the
helmet of Mambrino which I won from him in
air war, and made myself master of by legiti-
mate and lawful possession. With the pack-
saddle I do not concern myself; but I may tell
you on that head that my squire Sancho asked
my permission to strip off the caparison of this
vanquished poltroon's steed, and with it adorn
his own; I allowed him, and he took it; and as
to its having been changed from a caparison
into a pack-saddle, I can give no explanation
except the usual one, that such transformations
will take place in adventures of chivalry. To
confirm all which, run, Sancho my son, and
fetch hither the helmet which this good fellow
calls a basin."
"Egad, master," said Sancho, "if we have no
other proof of our case than what your worship
puts forward, Mambrino's helmet is just as
much a basin as this good fellow's caparison is
a pack-saddle."
"Do as I bid thee," said Don Quixote; "it can-
not be that everything in this castle goes by
enchantment."
Sancho hastened to where the basin was,
and brought it back with him, and when Don
Quixote saw it, he took hold of it and said:
"Your worships may see with what a face
this squire can assert that this is a basin and not
the helmet I told you of; and I swear by the
order of chivalry I profess, that this helmet is
the identical one I took from him, without
anything added to or taken from it."
"There is no doubt of that," said Sancho, "for
from the time my master won it until now he
has only fought one battle in it, when he let
loose those unlucky men in chains; and if had
not been for this basin-helmet he would not
have come off over well that time, for there was
plenty of stone-throwing in that affair."

CHAPTER XLV.

IN WHICH THE DOUBTFUL QUES-

TION OF MAMBRINO'S HELMET
AND THE PACK-SADDLE IS FINALLY
SETTLED, WITH OTHER ADVENTU-
RES THAT OCCURRED IN TRUTH
AND EARNEST
 "What do you think now, gentlemen," said
the barber, "of what these gentles say, when
they want to make out that this is a helmet?"
"And whoever says the contrary," said Don
Quixote, "I will let him know he lies if he is a
knight, and if he is a squire that he lies again a
thousand times."
Our own barber, who was present at all this,
and understood Don Quixote's humour so tho-
roughly, took it into his head to back up his
delusion and carry on the joke for the general
amusement; so addressing the other barber he
said:
"Senor barber, or whatever you are, you
must know that I belong to your profession too,
and have had a licence to practise for more than
twenty years, and I know the implements of the
barber craft, every one of them, perfectly well;
and I was likewise a soldier for some time in
the days of my youth, and I know also what a
helmet is, and a morion, and a headpiece with a
visor, and other things pertaining to soldiering,
I meant to say to soldiers' arms; and I say-
saving better opinions and always with sub-
mission to sounder judgments—that this piece
we have now before us, which this worthy gen-
tleman has in his hands, not only is no barber's
basin, but is as far from being one as white is
from black, and truth from falsehood; I say,
moreover, that this, although it is a helmet, is
not a complete helmet."
"Certainly not," said Don Quixote, "for half
of it is wanting, that is to say the beaver."
"It is quite true," said the curate, who saw
the object of his friend the barber; and Carde-
nio, Don Fernando and his companions agreed
with him, and even the Judge, if his thoughts
had not been so full of Don Luis's affair, would
have helped to carry on the joke; but he was so
taken up with the serious matters he had on his
mind that he paid little or no attention to these
facetious proceedings.
"God bless me!" exclaimed their butt the
barber at this; "is it possible that such an
honourable company can say that this is not a
basin but a helmet? Why, this is a thing that
would astonish a whole university, however
wise it might be! That will do; if this basin is a
helmet, why, then the pack-saddle must be a
horse's caparison, as this gentleman has said."
"To me it looks like a pack-saddle," said Don
Quixote; "but I have already said that with that
question I do not concern myself."
"As to whether it be pack-saddle or capari-
son," said the curate, "it is only for Senor Don
Quixote to say; for in these matters of chivalry
all these gentlemen and I bow to his authority."
"By God, gentlemen," said Don Quixote, "so
many strange things have happened to me in
this castle on the two occasions on which I have
sojourned in it, that I will not venture to assert
anything positively in reply to any question
touching anything it contains; for it is my belief
that everything that goes on within it goes by
enchantment. The first time, an enchanted Mo-
or that there is in it gave me sore trouble, nor
did Sancho fare well among certain followers of
his; and last night I was kept hanging by this
arm for nearly two hours, without knowing
how or why I came by such a mishap. So that
now, for me to come forward to give an opi-
nion in such a puzzling matter, would be to
risk a rash decision. As regards the assertion
that this is a basin and not a helmet I have al-
ready given an answer; but as to the question
whether this is a pack-saddle or a caparison I
will not venture to give a positive opinion, but
will leave it to your worships' better judgment.
Perhaps as you are not dubbed knights like
myself, the enchantments of this place have
nothing to do with you, and your faculties are
unfettered, and you can see things in this castle
as they really and truly are, and not as they
appear to me."
"There can be no question," said Don Fer-
nando on this, "but that Senor Don Quixote has
spoken very wisely, and that with us rests the
decision of this matter; and that we may have
surer ground to go on, I will take the votes of
the gentlemen in secret, and declare the result
clearly and fully."
To those who were in the secret of Don
Quixote's humour all this afforded great amu-
sement; but to those who knew nothing about
it, it seemed the greatest nonsense in the world,
in particular to the four servants of Don Luis, as
well as to Don Luis himself, and to three other
travellers who had by chance come to the inn,
and had the appearance of officers of the Holy
Brotherhood, as indeed they were; but the one
who above all was at his wits' end, was the
barber basin, there before his very eyes, had
been turned into Mambrino's helmet, and who-
se pack-saddle he had no doubt whatever was
about to become a rich caparison for a horse.
All laughed to see Don Fernando going from
one to another collecting the votes, and whispe-
ring to them to give him their private opinion
whether the treasure over which there had been
so much fighting was a pack-saddle or a capa-
rison; but after he had taken the votes of those
who knew Don Quixote, he said aloud, "The
fact is, my good fellow, that I am tired collec-
ting such a number of opinions, for I find that
there is not one of whom I ask what I desire to
know, who does not tell me that it is absurd to
say that this is the pack-saddle of an ass, and
not the caparison of a horse, nay, of a tho-
roughbred horse; so you must submit, for, in
spite of you and your ass, this is a caparison
and no pack-saddle, and you have stated and
proved your case very badly."
"May I never share heaven," said the poor
barber, "if your worships are not all mistaken;
and may my soul appear before God as that
appears to me a pack-saddle and not a capari-
son; but, 'laws go,'-I say no more; and indeed I
am not drunk, for I am fasting, except it be
from sin."
The simple talk of the barber did not afford
less amusement than the absurdities of Don
Quixote, who now observed:
 "There is no more to be done now than for
each to take what belongs to him, and to whom
God has given it, may St. Peter add his bles-
sing."
But said one of the four servants, "Unless,
indeed, this is a deliberate joke, I cannot bring
myself to believe that men so intelligent as tho-
se present are, or seem to be, can venture to
declare and assert that this is not a basin, and
that not a pack-saddle; but as I perceive that
they do assert and declare it, I can only come to
the conclusion that there is some mystery in
this persistence in what is so opposed to the
evidence of experience and truth itself; for I
swear by"—and here he rapped out a round
oath-"all the people in the world will not make
me believe that this is not a barber's basin and
that a jackass's pack-saddle."
"It might easily be a she-ass's," observed the
curate.
 "It is all the same," said the servant; "that is
not the point; but whether it is or is not a pack-
saddle, as your worships say."
On hearing this one of the newly arrived of-
ficers of the Brotherhood, who had been liste-
ning to the dispute and controversy, unable to
restrain his anger and impatience, exclaimed,
"It is a pack-saddle as sure as my father is my
father, and whoever has said or will say anyt-
hing else must be drunk."
"You lie like a rascally clown," returned Don
Quixote; and lifting his pike, which he had ne-
ver let out of his hand, he delivered such a
blow at his head that, had not the officer dod-
ged it, it would have stretched him at full
length. The pike was shivered in pieces against
the ground, and the rest of the officers, seeing
their comrade assaulted, raised a shout, calling
for help for the Holy Brotherhood. The land-
lord, who was of the fraternity, ran at once to
fetch his staff of office and his sword, and ran-
ged himself on the side of his comrades; the
servants of Don Luis clustered round him, lest
he should escape from them in the confusion;
the barber, seeing the house turned upside
down, once more laid hold of his pack-saddle
and Sancho did the same; Don Quixote drew
his sword and charged the officers; Don Luis
cried out to his servants to leave him alone and
go and help Don Quixote, and Cardenio and
Don Fernando, who were supporting him; the
curate was shouting at the top of his voice, the
landlady was screaming, her daughter was
wailing, Maritornes was weeping, Dorothea
was aghast, Luscinda terror-stricken, and Dona
Clara in a faint. The barber cudgelled Sancho,
and Sancho pommelled the barber; Don Luis
gave one of his servants, who ventured to catch
him by the arm to keep him from escaping, a
cuff that bathed his teeth in blood; the Judge
took his part; Don Fernando had got one of the
officers down and was belabouring him hearti-
ly; the landlord raised his voice again calling
for help for the Holy Brotherhood; so that the
whole inn was nothing but cries, shouts,
shrieks, confusion, terror, dismay, mishaps,
sword-cuts, fisticuffs, cudgellings, kicks, and
bloodshed; and in the midst of all this chaos,
complication, and general entanglement, Don
Quixote took it into his head that he had been
plunged into the thick of the discord of Agra-
mante's camp; and, in a voice that shook the
inn like thunder, he cried out:
"Hold all, let all sheathe their swords, let all
be calm and attend to me as they value their
lives!"
All paused at his mighty voice, and he went
on to say, "Did I not tell you, sirs, that this cas-
tle was enchanted, and that a legion or so of
devils dwelt in it? In proof whereof I call upon
you to behold with your own eyes how the
discord of Agramante's camp has come hither,
and been transferred into the midst of us. See
how they fight, there for the sword, here for the
horse, on that side for the eagle, on this for the
helmet; we are all fighting, and all at cross pur-
poses. Come then, you, Senor Judge, and you,
senor curate; let the one represent King Agra-
mante and the other King Sobrino, and make
peace among us; for by God Almighty it is a
sorry business that so many persons of quality
as we are should slay one another for such tri-
fling cause." The officers, who did not unders-
tand Don Quixote's mode of speaking, and
found themselves roughly handled by Don
Fernando, Cardenio, and their companions,
were not to be appeased; the barber was,
however, for both his beard and his pack-
saddle were the worse for the struggle; Sancho
like a good servant obeyed the slightest word
of his master; while the four servants of Don
Luis kept quiet when they saw how little they
gained by not being so. The landlord alone in-
sisted upon it that they must punish the inso-
lence of this madman, who at every turn raised
a disturbance in the inn; but at length the upro-
ar was stilled for the present; the pack-saddle
remained a caparison till the day of judgment,
and the basin a helmet and the inn a castle in
Don Quixote's imagination.
All having been now pacified and made
friends by the persuasion of the Judge and the
curate, the servants of Don Luis began again to
urge him to return with them at once; and whi-
le he was discussing the matter with them, the
Judge took counsel with Don Fernando, Carde-
nio, and the curate as to what he ought to do in
the case, telling them how it stood, and what
Don Luis had said to him. It was agreed at
length that Don Fernando should tell the ser-
vants of Don Luis who he was, and that it was
his desire that Don Luis should accompany him
to Andalusia, where he would receive from the
marquis his brother the welcome his quality
entitled him to; for, otherwise, it was easy to
see from the determination of Don Luis that he
would not return to his father at present,
though they tore him to pieces. On learning the
rank of Don Fernando and the resolution of
Don Luis the four then settled it between them-
selves that three of them should return to tell
his father how matters stood, and that the other
should remain to wait upon Don Luis, and not
leave him until they came back for him, or his
father's orders were known. Thus by the aut-
hority of Agramante and the wisdom of King
Sobrino all this complication of disputes was
arranged; but the enemy of concord and hater
of peace, feeling himself slighted and made a
fool of, and seeing how little he had gained
after having involved them all in such an elabo-
rate entanglement, resolved to try his hand
once more by stirring up fresh quarrels and
disturbances.
It came about in this wise: the officers were
pacified on learning the rank of those with
whom they had been engaged, and withdrew
from the contest, considering that whatever the
result might be they were likely to get the worst
of the battle; but one of them, the one who had
been thrashed and kicked by Don Fernando,
recollected that among some warrants he ca-
rried for the arrest of certain delinquents, he
had one against Don Quixote, whom the Holy
Brotherhood had ordered to be arrested for
setting the galley slaves free, as Sancho had,
with very good reason, apprehended. Suspec-
ting how it was, then, he wished to satisfy him-
self as to whether Don Quixote's features co-
rresponded; and taking a parchment out of his
bosom he lit upon what he was in search of,
and setting himself to read it deliberately, for
he was not a quick reader, as he made out each
word he fixed his eyes on Don Quixote, and
went on comparing the description in the wa-
rrant with his face, and discovered that beyond
all doubt he was the person described in it. As
soon as he had satisfied himself, folding up the
parchment, he took the warrant in his left hand
and with his right seized Don Quixote by the
collar so tightly that he did not allow him to
breathe, and shouted aloud, "Help for the Holy
Brotherhood! and that you may see I demand it
in earnest, read this warrant which says this
highwayman is to be arrested."
The curate took the warrant and saw that
what the officer said was true, and that it agre-
ed with Don Quixote's appearance, who, on his
part, when he found himself roughly handled
by this rascally clown, worked up to the hig-
hest pitch of wrath, and all his joints cracking
with rage, with both hands seized the officer by
the throat with all his might, so that had he not
been helped by his comrades he would have
yielded up his life ere Don Quixote released his
hold. The landlord, who had perforce to sup-
port his brother officers, ran at once to aid
them. The landlady, when she saw her husband
engaged in a fresh quarrel, lifted up her voice
afresh, and its note was immediately caught up
by Maritornes and her daughter, calling upon
heaven and all present for help; and Sancho,
seeing what was going on, exclaimed, "By the
Lord, it is quite true what my master says about
the enchantments of this castle, for it is impos-
sible to live an hour in peace in it!"
Don Fernando parted the officer and Don
Quixote, and to their mutual contentment made
them relax the grip by which they held, the one
the coat collar, the other the throat of his adver-
sary; for all this, however, the officers did not
cease to demand their prisoner and call on
them to help, and deliver him over bound into
their power, as was required for the service of
the King and of the Holy Brotherhood, on who-
se behalf they again demanded aid and assis-
tance to effect the capture of this robber and
footpad of the highways.
Don Quixote smiled when he heard these
words, and said very calmly, "Come now, base,
ill-born brood; call ye it highway robbery to
give freedom to those in bondage, to release the
captives, to succour the miserable, to raise up
the fallen, to relieve the needy? Infamous
beings, who by your vile grovelling intellects
deserve that heaven should not make known to
you the virtue that lies in knight-errantry, or
show you the sin and ignorance in which ye lie
when ye refuse to respect the shadow, not to
say the presence, of any knight-errant! Come
now; band, not of officers, but of thieves; foot-
pads with the licence of the Holy Brotherhood;
tell me who was the ignoramus who signed a
warrant of arrest against such a knight as I am?
Who was he that did not know that knights-
errant are independent of all jurisdictions, that
their law is their sword, their charter their
prowess, and their edicts their will? Who, I say
again, was the fool that knows not that there
are no letters patent of nobility that confer such
privileges or exemptions as a knight-errant
acquires the day he is dubbed a knight, and
devotes himself to the arduous calling of chi-
valry? What knight-errant ever paid poll-tax,
duty, queen's pin-money, king's dues, toll or
ferry? What tailor ever took payment of him for
making his clothes? What castellan that recei-
ved him in his castle ever made him pay his
shot? What king did not seat him at his table?
What damsel was not enamoured of him and
did not yield herself up wholly to his will and
pleasure? And, lastly, what knight-errant has
there been, is there, or will there ever be in the
world, not bold enough to give, single-handed,
four hundred cudgellings to four hundred offi-
cers of the Holy Brotherhood if they come in
his way?"

CHAPTER XLVI.

OF THE END OF THE NOTABLE

ADVENTURE OF THE OFFICERS OF
THE HOLY BROTHERHOOD; AND OF
THE GREAT FEROCITY OF OUR
WORTHY KNIGHT, DON QUIXOTE
 While Don Quixote was talking in this
strain, the curate was endeavouring to persua-
de the officers that he was out of his senses, as
they might perceive by his deeds and his
words, and that they need not press the matter
any further, for even if they arrested him and
carried him off, they would have to release him
by-and-by as a madman; to which the holder of
the warrant replied that he had nothing to do
with inquiring into Don Quixote's madness, but
only to execute his superior's orders, and that
once taken they might let him go three hundred
times if they liked.
"For all that," said the curate, "you must not
take him away this time, nor will he, it is my
opinion, let himself be taken away."
In short, the curate used such arguments,
and Don Quixote did such mad things, that the
officers would have been more mad than he
was if they had not perceived his want of wits,
and so they thought it best to allow themselves
to be pacified, and even to act as peacemakers
between the barber and Sancho Panza, who still
continued their altercation with much bitter-
ness. In the end they, as officers of justice, set-
tled the question by arbitration in such a man-
ner that both sides were, if not perfectly conten-
ted, at least to some extent satisfied; for they
changed the pack-saddles, but not the girths or
head-stalls; and as to Mambrino's helmet, the
curate, under the rose and without Don Quixo-
te's knowing it, paid eight reals for the basin,
and the barber executed a full receipt and en-
gagement to make no further demand then or
thenceforth for evermore, amen. These two
disputes, which were the most important and
gravest, being settled, it only remained for the
servants of Don Luis to consent that three of
them should return while one was left to ac-
company him whither Don Fernando desired to
take him; and good luck and better fortune,
having already begun to solve difficulties and
remove obstructions in favour of the lovers and
warriors of the inn, were pleased to persevere
and bring everything to a happy issue; for the
servants agreed to do as Don Luis wished;
which gave Dona Clara such happiness that no
one could have looked into her face just then
without seeing the joy of her heart. Zoraida,
though she did not fully comprehend all she
saw, was grave or gay without knowing why,
as she watched and studied the various coun-
tenances, but particularly her Spaniard's, whom
she followed with her eyes and clung to with
her soul. The gift and compensation which the
curate gave the barber had not escaped the
landlord's notice, and he demanded Don
Quixote's reckoning, together with the amount
of the damage to his wine-skins, and the loss of
his wine, swearing that neither Rocinante nor
Sancho's ass should leave the inn until he had
been paid to the very last farthing. The curate
settled all amicably, and Don Fernando paid;
though the Judge had also very readily offered
to pay the score; and all became so peaceful
and quiet that the inn no longer reminded one
of the discord of Agramante's camp, as Don
Quixote said, but of the peace and tranquillity
of the days of Octavianus: for all which it was
the universal opinion that their thanks were
due to the great zeal and eloquence of the cura-
te, and to the unexampled generosity of Don
Fernando.
Finding himself now clear and quit of all
quarrels, his squire's as well as his own, Don
Quixote considered that it would be advisable
to continue the journey he had begun, and
bring to a close that great adventure for which
he had been called and chosen; and with this
high resolve he went and knelt before Dorot-
hea, who, however, would not allow him to
utter a word until he had risen; so to obey her
he rose, and said, "It is a common proverb, fair
lady, that 'diligence is the mother of good for-
tune,' and experience has often shown in im-
portant affairs that the earnestness of the nego-
tiator brings the doubtful case to a successful
termination; but in nothing does this truth
show itself more plainly than in war, where
quickness and activity forestall the devices of
the enemy, and win the victory before the foe
has time to defend himself. All this I say, exal-
ted and esteemed lady, because it seems to me
that for us to remain any longer in this castle
now is useless, and may be injurious to us in a
way that we shall find out some day; for who
knows but that your enemy the giant may have
learned by means of secret and diligent spies
that I am going to destroy him, and if the op-
portunity be given him he may seize it to fortify
himself in some impregnable castle or strong-
hold, against which all my efforts and the
might of my indefatigable arm may avail but
little? Therefore, lady, let us, as I say, forestall
his schemes by our activity, and let us depart at
once in quest of fair fortune; for your highness
is only kept from enjoying it as fully as you
could desire by my delay in encountering your
adversary."
 Don Quixote held his peace and said no mo-
re, calmly awaiting the reply of the beauteous
princess, who, with commanding dignity and
in a style adapted to Don Quixote's own, re-
plied to him in these words, "I give you thanks,
sir knight, for the eagerness you, like a good
knight to whom it is a natural obligation to suc-
cour the orphan and the needy, display to af-
ford me aid in my sore trouble; and heaven
grant that your wishes and mine may be reali-
sed, so that you may see that there are women
in this world capable of gratitude; as to my de-
parture, let it be forthwith, for I have no will
but yours; dispose of me entirely in accordance
with your good pleasure; for she who has once
entrusted to you the defence of her person, and
placed in your hands the recovery of her domi-
nions, must not think of offering opposition to
that which your wisdom may ordain."
"On, then, in God's name," said Don Quixo-
te; "for, when a lady humbles herself to me, I
will not lose the opportunity of raising her up
and placing her on the throne of her ancestors.
Let us depart at once, for the common saying
that in delay there is danger, lends spurs to my
eagerness to take the road; and as neither hea-
ven has created nor hell seen any that can
daunt or intimidate me, saddle Rocinante, San-
cho, and get ready thy ass and the queen's pal-
frey, and let us take leave of the castellan and
these gentlemen, and go hence this very ins-
tant."
Sancho, who was standing by all the time,
said, shaking his head, "Ah! master, master,
there is more mischief in the village than one
hears of, begging all good bodies' pardon."
"What mischief can there be in any village,
or in all the cities of the world, you booby, that
can hurt my reputation?" said Don Quixote.
"If your worship is angry," replied Sancho, "I
will hold my tongue and leave unsaid what as
a good squire I am bound to say, and what a
good servant should tell his master."
 "Say what thou wilt," returned Don Quixote,
"provided thy words be not meant to work
upon my fears; for thou, if thou fearest, art be-
having like thyself; but I like myself, in not fea-
ring."
"It is nothing of the sort, as I am a sinner be-
fore God," said Sancho, "but that I take it to be
sure and certain that this lady, who calls herself
queen of the great kingdom of Micomicon, is
no more so than my mother; for, if she was
what she says, she would not go rubbing noses
with one that is here every instant and behind
every door."
Dorothea turned red at Sancho's words, for
the truth was that her husband Don Fernando
had now and then, when the others were not
looking, gathered from her lips some of the
reward his love had earned, and Sancho seeing
this had considered that such freedom was mo-
re like a courtesan than a queen of a great
kingdom; she, however, being unable or not
caring to answer him, allowed him to proceed,
and he continued, "This I say, senor, because, if
after we have travelled roads and highways,
and passed bad nights and worse days, one
who is now enjoying himself in this inn is to
reap the fruit of our labours, there is no need
for me to be in a hurry to saddle Rocinante, put
the pad on the ass, or get ready the palfrey; for
it will be better for us to stay quiet, and let eve-
ry jade mind her spinning, and let us go to din-
ner."
Good God, what was the indignation of Don
Quixote when he heard the audacious words of
his squire! So great was it, that in a voice inarti-
culate with rage, with a stammering tongue,
and eyes that flashed living fire, he exclaimed,
"Rascally clown, boorish, insolent, and igno-
rant, ill-spoken, foul-mouthed, impudent back-
biter and slanderer! Hast thou dared to utter
such words in my presence and in that of these
illustrious ladies? Hast thou dared to harbour
such gross and shameless thoughts in thy
muddled imagination? Begone from my pre-
sence, thou born monster, storehouse of lies,
hoard of untruths, garner of knaveries, inventor
of scandals, publisher of absurdities, enemy of
the respect due to royal personages! Begone,
show thyself no more before me under pain of
my wrath;" and so saying he knitted his brows,
puffed out his cheeks, gazed around him, and
stamped on the ground violently with his right
foot, showing in every way the rage that was
pent up in his heart; and at his words and fu-
rious gestures Sancho was so scared and terri-
fied that he would have been glad if the earth
had opened that instant and swallowed him,
and his only thought was to turn round and
make his escape from the angry presence of his
master.
But the ready-witted Dorothea, who by this
time so well understood Don Quixote's
humour, said, to mollify his wrath, "Be not irri-
tated at the absurdities your good squire has
uttered, Sir Knight of the Rueful Countenance,
for perhaps he did not utter them without cau-
se, and from his good sense and Christian cons-
cience it is not likely that he would bear false
witness against anyone. We may therefore be-
lieve, without any hesitation, that since, as you
say, sir knight, everything in this castle goes
and is brought about by means of enchantment,
Sancho, I say, may possibly have seen, through
this diabolical medium, what he says he saw so
much to the detriment of my modesty."
"I swear by God Omnipotent," exclaimed
Don Quixote at this, "your highness has hit the
point; and that some vile illusion must have
come before this sinner of a Sancho, that made
him see what it would have been impossible to
see by any other means than enchantments; for
I know well enough, from the poor fellow's
goodness and harmlessness, that he is incapa-
ble of bearing false witness against anybody."
"True, no doubt," said Don Fernando, "for
which reason, Senor Don Quixote, you ought to
forgive him and restore him to the bosom of
your favour, sicut erat in principio, before illu-
sions of this sort had taken away his senses."
Don Quixote said he was ready to pardon
him, and the curate went for Sancho, who came
in very humbly, and falling on his knees beg-
ged for the hand of his master, who having
presented it to him and allowed him to kiss it,
gave him his blessing and said, "Now, Sancho
my son, thou wilt be convinced of the truth of
what I have many a time told thee, that everyt-
hing in this castle is done by means of en-
chantment."
"So it is, I believe," said Sancho, "except the
affair of the blanket, which came to pass in rea-
lity by ordinary means."
"Believe it not," said Don Quixote, "for had it
been so, I would have avenged thee that ins-
tant, or even now; but neither then nor now
could I, nor have I seen anyone upon whom to
avenge thy wrong."
They were all eager to know what the affair
of the blanket was, and the landlord gave them
a minute account of Sancho's flights, at which
they laughed not a little, and at which Sancho
would have been no less out of countenance
had not his master once more assured him it
was all enchantment. For all that his simplicity
never reached so high a pitch that he could
persuade himself it was not the plain and sim-
ple truth, without any deception whatever
about it, that he had been blanketed by beings
of flesh and blood, and not by visionary and
imaginary phantoms, as his master believed
and protested.
The illustrious company had now been two
days in the inn; and as it seemed to them time
to depart, they devised a plan so that, without
giving Dorothea and Don Fernando the trouble
of going back with Don Quixote to his village
under pretence of restoring Queen Micomico-
na, the curate and the barber might carry him
away with them as they proposed, and the cu-
rate be able to take his madness in hand at
home; and in pursuance of their plan they
arranged with the owner of an oxcart who
happened to be passing that way to carry him
after this fashion. They constructed a kind of
cage with wooden bars, large enough to hold
Don Quixote comfortably; and then Don Fer-
nando and his companions, the servants of Don
Luis, and the officers of the Brotherhood, to-
gether with the landlord, by the directions and
advice of the curate, covered their faces and
disguised themselves, some in one way, some
in another, so as to appear to Don Quixote qui-
te different from the persons he had seen in the
castle. This done, in profound silence they ente-
red the room where he was asleep, taking his
his rest after the past frays, and advancing to
where he was sleeping tranquilly, not drea-
ming of anything of the kind happening, they
seized him firmly and bound him fast hand and
foot, so that, when he awoke startled, he was
unable to move, and could only marvel and
wonder at the strange figures he saw before
him; upon which he at once gave way to the
idea which his crazed fancy invariably conjured
up before him, and took it into his head that all
these shapes were phantoms of the enchanted
castle, and that he himself was unquestionably
enchanted as he could neither move nor help
himself; precisely what the curate, the concoc-
tor of the scheme, expected would happen. Of
all that were there Sancho was the only one
who was at once in his senses and in his own
proper character, and he, though he was within
very little of sharing his master's infirmity, did
not fail to perceive who all these disguised fi-
gures were; but he did not dare to open his lips
until he saw what came of this assault and cap-
ture of his master; nor did the latter utter a
word, waiting to the upshot of his mishap;
which was that bringing in the cage, they shut
him up in it and nailed the bars so firmly that
they could not be easily burst open.
They then took him on their shoulders, and
as they passed out of the room an awful voi-
ce—as much so as the barber, not he of the
pack-saddle but the other, was able to make
it—was heard to say, "O Knight of the Rueful
Countenance, let not this captivity in which
thou art placed afflict thee, for this must needs
be, for the more speedy accomplishment of the
adventure in which thy great heart has engaged
thee; the which shall be accomplished when the
raging Manchegan lion and the white Tobosan
dove shall be linked together, having first
humbled their haughty necks to the gentle yoke
of matrimony. And from this marvellous union
shall come forth to the light of the world brave
whelps that shall rival the ravening claws of
their valiant father; and this shall come to pass
ere the pursuer of the flying nymph shall in his
swift natural course have twice visited the sta-
rry signs. And thou, O most noble and obedient
squire that ever bore sword at side, beard on
face, or nose to smell with, be not dismayed or
grieved to see the flower of knight-errantry
carried away thus before thy very eyes; for so-
on, if it so please the Framer of the universe,
thou shalt see thyself exalted to such a height
that thou shalt not know thyself, and the pro-
mises which thy good master has made thee
shall not prove false; and I assure thee, on the
authority of the sage Mentironiana, that thy
wages shall be paid thee, as thou shalt see in
due season. Follow then the footsteps of the
valiant enchanted knight, for it is expedient
that thou shouldst go to the destination assig-
ned to both of you; and as it is not permitted to
me to say more, God be with thee; for I return
to that place I wot of;" and as he brought the
prophecy to a close he raised his voice to a high
pitch, and then lowered it to such a soft tone,
that even those who knew it was all a joke were
almost inclined to take what they heard se-
riously.
Don Quixote was comforted by the prop-
hecy he heard, for he at once comprehended its
meaning perfectly, and perceived it was promi-
sed to him that he should see himself united in
holy and lawful matrimony with his beloved
Dulcinea del Toboso, from whose blessed
womb should proceed the whelps, his sons, to
the eternal glory of La Mancha; and being tho-
roughly and firmly persuaded of this, he lifted
up his voice, and with a deep sigh exclaimed,
"Oh thou, whoever thou art, who hast foretold
me so much good, I implore of thee that on my
part thou entreat that sage enchanter who takes
charge of my interests, that he leave me not to
perish in this captivity in which they are now
carrying me away, ere I see fulfilled promises
so joyful and incomparable as those which have
been now made me; for, let this but come to
pass, and I shall glory in the pains of my pri-
son, find comfort in these chains wherewith
they bind me, and regard this bed whereon
they stretch me, not as a hard battle-field, but
as a soft and happy nuptial couch; and tou-
ching the consolation of Sancho Panza, my
squire, I rely upon his goodness and rectitude
that he will not desert me in good or evil fortu-
ne; for if, by his ill luck or mine, it may not
happen to be in my power to give him the is-
land I have promised, or any equivalent for it,
at least his wages shall not be lost; for in my
will, which is already made, I have declared the
sum that shall be paid to him, measured, not by
his many faithful services, but by the means at
my disposal."
Sancho bowed his head very respectfully
and kissed both his hands, for, being tied to-
gether, he could not kiss one; and then the ap-
paritions lifted the cage upon their shoulders
and fixed it upon the ox-cart.

CHAPTER XLVII.

OF THE STRANGE MANNER IN

WHICH DON QUIXOTE OF LA MAN-
CHA WAS CARRIED AWAY EN-
CHANTED, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
REMARKABLE INCIDENTS

When Don Quixote saw himself caged and

hoisted on the cart in this way, he said, "Many
grave histories of knights-errant have I read;
but never yet have I read, seen, or heard of
their carrying off enchanted knights-errant in
this fashion, or at the slow pace that these lazy,
sluggish animals promise; for they always take
them away through the air with marvellous
swiftness, enveloped in a dark thick cloud, or
on a chariot of fire, or it may be on some hip-
pogriff or other beast of the kind; but to carry
me off like this on an ox-cart! By God, it puzz-
les me! But perhaps the chivalry and enchant-
ments of our day take a different course from
that of those in days gone by; and it may be,
too, that as I am a new knight in the world, and
the first to revive the already forgotten calling
of knight-adventurers, they may have newly
invented other kinds of enchantments and ot-
her modes of carrying off the enchanted. What
thinkest thou of the matter, Sancho my son?"
"I don't know what to think," answered San-
cho, "not being as well read as your worship in
errant writings; but for all that I venture to say
and swear that these apparitions that are about
us are not quite catholic."
"Catholic!" said Don Quixote. "Father of me!
how can they be Catholic when they are all
devils that have taken fantastic shapes to come
and do this, and bring me to this condition?
And if thou wouldst prove it, touch them, and
feel them, and thou wilt find they have only
bodies of air, and no consistency except in ap-
pearance."
"By God, master," returned Sancho, "I have
touched them already; and that devil, that goes
about there so busily, has firm flesh, and anot-
her property very different from what I have
heard say devils have, for by all accounts they
all smell of brimstone and other bad smells; but
this one smells of amber half a league off." San-
cho was here speaking of Don Fernando, who,
like a gentleman of his rank, was very likely
perfumed as Sancho said.
"Marvel not at that, Sancho my friend," said
Don Quixote; "for let me tell thee devils are
crafty; and even if they do carry odours about
with them, they themselves have no smell, be-
cause they are spirits; or, if they have any smell,
they cannot smell of anything sweet, but of
something foul and fetid; and the reason is that
as they carry hell with them wherever they go,
and can get no ease whatever from their tor-
ments, and as a sweet smell is a thing that gives
pleasure and enjoyment, it is impossible that
they can smell sweet; if, then, this devil thou
speakest of seems to thee to smell of amber,
either thou art deceiving thyself, or he wants to
deceive thee by making thee fancy he is not a
devil."
Such was the conversation that passed bet-
ween master and man; and Don Fernando and
Cardenio, apprehensive of Sancho's making a
complete discovery of their scheme, towards
which he had already gone some way, resolved
to hasten their departure, and calling the land-
lord aside, they directed him to saddle Roci-
nante and put the pack-saddle on Sancho's ass,
which he did with great alacrity. In the mean-
time the curate had made an arrangement with
the officers that they should bear them compa-
ny as far as his village, he paying them so much
a day. Cardenio hung the buckler on one side
of the bow of Rocinante's saddle and the basin
on the other, and by signs commanded Sancho
to mount his ass and take Rocinante's bridle,
and at each side of the cart he placed two offi-
cers with their muskets; but before the cart was
put in motion, out came the landlady and her
daughter and Maritornes to bid Don Quixote
farewell, pretending to weep with grief at his
misfortune; and to them Don Quixote said:
"Weep not, good ladies, for all these mishaps
are the lot of those who follow the profession I
profess; and if these reverses did not befall me I
should not esteem myself a famous knight-
errant; for such things never happen to knights
of little renown and fame, because nobody in
the world thinks about them; to valiant knights
they do, for these are envied for their virtue
and valour by many princes and other knights
who compass the destruction of the worthy by
base means. Nevertheless, virtue is of herself so
mighty, that, in spite of all the magic that Zoro-
aster its first inventor knew, she will come vic-
torious out of every trial, and shed her light
upon the earth as the sun does upon the hea-
vens. Forgive me, fair ladies, if, through inad-
vertence, I have in aught offended you; for in-
tentionally and wittingly I have never done so
to any; and pray to God that he deliver me
from this captivity to which some malevolent
enchanter has consigned me; and should I find
myself released therefrom, the favours that ye
have bestowed upon me in this castle shall be
held in memory by me, that I may acknowled-
ge, recognise, and requite them as they deser-
ve."
While this was passing between the ladies of
the castle and Don Quixote, the curate and the
barber bade farewell to Don Fernando and his
companions, to the captain, his brother, and the
ladies, now all made happy, and in particular
to Dorothea and Luscinda. They all embraced
one another, and promised to let each other
know how things went with them, and Don
Fernando directed the curate where to write to
him, to tell him what became of Don Quixote,
assuring him that there was nothing that could
give him more pleasure than to hear of it, and
that he too, on his part, would send him word
of everything he thought he would like to
know, about his marriage, Zoraida's baptism,
Don Luis's affair, and Luscinda's return to her
home. The curate promised to comply with his
request carefully, and they embraced once mo-
re, and renewed their promises.
 The landlord approached the curate and
handed him some papers, saying he had disco-
vered them in the lining of the valise in which
the novel of "The Ill-advised Curiosity" had
been found, and that he might take them all
away with him as their owner had not since
returned; for, as he could not read, he did not
want them himself. The curate thanked him,
and opening them he saw at the beginning of
the manuscript the words, "Novel of Rinconete
and Cortadillo," by which he perceived that it
was a novel, and as that of "The Ill-advised Cu-
riosity" had been good he concluded this would
be so too, as they were both probably by the
same author; so he kept it, intending to read it
when he had an opportunity. He then mounted
and his friend the barber did the same, both
masked, so as not to be recognised by Don
Quixote, and set out following in the rear of the
cart. The order of march was this: first went the
cart with the owner leading it; at each side of it
marched the officers of the Brotherhood, as has
been said, with their muskets; then followed
Sancho Panza on his ass, leading Rocinante by
the bridle; and behind all came the curate and
the barber on their mighty mules, with faces
covered, as aforesaid, and a grave and serious
air, measuring their pace to suit the slow steps
of the oxen. Don Quixote was seated in the ca-
ge, with his hands tied and his feet stretched
out, leaning against the bars as silent and as
patient as if he were a stone statue and not a
man of flesh. Thus slowly and silently they
made, it might be, two leagues, until they rea-
ched a valley which the carter thought a conve-
nient place for resting and feeding his oxen,
and he said so to the curate, but the barber was
of opinion that they ought to push on a little
farther, as at the other side of a hill which ap-
peared close by he knew there was a valley that
had more grass and much better than the one
where they proposed to halt; and his advice
was taken and they continued their journey.
 Just at that moment the curate, looking back,
saw coming on behind them six or seven
mounted men, well found and equipped, who
soon overtook them, for they were travelling,
not at the sluggish, deliberate pace of oxen, but
like men who rode canons' mules, and in haste
to take their noontide rest as soon as possible at
the inn which was in sight not a league off. The
quick travellers came up with the slow, and
courteous salutations were exchanged; and one
of the new comers, who was, in fact, a canon of
Toledo and master of the others who accompa-
nied him, observing the regular order of the
procession, the cart, the officers, Sancho, Roci-
nante, the curate and the barber, and above all
Don Quixote caged and confined, could not
help asking what was the meaning of carrying
the man in that fashion; though, from the bad-
ges of the officers, he already concluded that he
must be some desperate highwayman or other
malefactor whose punishment fell within the
jurisdiction of the Holy Brotherhood. One of
the officers to whom he had put the question,
replied, "Let the gentleman himself tell you the
meaning of his going this way, senor, for we do
not know."
Don Quixote overheard the conversation
and said, "Haply, gentlemen, you are versed
and learned in matters of errant chivalry? Be-
cause if you are I will tell you my misfortunes;
if not, there is no good in my giving myself the
trouble of relating them;" but here the curate
and the barber, seeing that the travellers were
engaged in conversation with Don Quixote,
came forward, in order to answer in such a way
as to save their stratagem from being discove-
red.
The canon, replying to Don Quixote, said,
"In truth, brother, I know more about books of
chivalry than I do about Villalpando's elements
of logic; so if that be all, you may safely tell me
what you please."
"In God's name, then, senor," replied Don
Quixote; "if that be so, I would have you know
that I am held enchanted in this cage by the
envy and fraud of wicked enchanters; for virtue
is more persecuted by the wicked than loved by
the good. I am a knight-errant, and not one of
those whose names Fame has never thought of
immortalising in her record, but of those who,
in defiance and in spite of envy itself, and all
the magicians that Persia, or Brahmans that
India, or Gymnosophists that Ethiopia ever
produced, will place their names in the temple
of immortality, to serve as examples and pat-
terns for ages to come, whereby knights-errant
may see the footsteps in which they must tread
if they would attain the summit and crowning
point of honour in arms."
"What Senor Don Quixote of La Mancha
says," observed the curate, "is the truth; for he
goes enchanted in this cart, not from any fault
or sins of his, but because of the malevolence of
those to whom virtue is odious and valour
hateful. This, senor, is the Knight of the Rueful
Countenance, if you have ever heard him na-
med, whose valiant achievements and mighty
deeds shall be written on lasting brass and im-
perishable marble, notwithstanding all the ef-
forts of envy to obscure them and malice to
hide them."
When the canon heard both the prisoner and
the man who was at liberty talk in such a strain
he was ready to cross himself in his astonish-
ment, and could not make out what had befa-
llen him; and all his attendants were in the sa-
me state of amazement.
At this point Sancho Panza, who had drawn
near to hear the conversation, said, in order to
make everything plain, "Well, sirs, you may
like or dislike what I am going to say, but the
fact of the matter is, my master, Don Quixote, is
just as much enchanted as my mother. He is in
his full senses, he eats and he drinks, and he
has his calls like other men and as he had yes-
terday, before they caged him. And if that's the
case, what do they mean by wanting me to be-
lieve that he is enchanted? For I have heard
many a one say that enchanted people neither
eat, nor sleep, nor talk; and my master, if you
don't stop him, will talk more than thirty law-
yers." Then turning to the curate he exclaimed,
"Ah, senor curate, senor curate! do you think I
don't know you? Do you think I don't guess
and see the drift of these new enchantments?
Well then, I can tell you I know you, for all
your face is covered, and I can tell you I am up
to you, however you may hide your tricks. Af-
ter all, where envy reigns virtue cannot live,
and where there is niggardliness there can be
no liberality. Ill betide the devil! if it had not
been for your worship my master would be
married to the Princess Micomicona this minu-
te, and I should be a count at least; for no less
was to be expected, as well from the goodness
of my master, him of the Rueful Countenance,
as from the greatness of my services. But I see
now how true it is what they say in these parts,
that the wheel of fortune turns faster than a
mill-wheel, and that those who were up yester-
day are down to-day. I am sorry for my wife
and children, for when they might fairly and
reasonably expect to see their father return to
them a governor or viceroy of some island or
kingdom, they will see him come back a horse-
boy. I have said all this, senor curate, only to
urge your paternity to lay to your conscience
your ill-treatment of my master; and have a
care that God does not call you to account in
another life for making a prisoner of him in this
way, and charge against you all the succours
and good deeds that my lord Don Quixote lea-
ves undone while he is shut up.
"Trim those lamps there!" exclaimed the
barber at this; "so you are of the same fraternity
as your master, too, Sancho? By God, I begin to
see that you will have to keep him company in
the cage, and be enchanted like him for having
caught some of his humour and chivalry. It was
an evil hour when you let yourself be got with
child by his promises, and that island you long
so much for found its way into your head."
 "I am not with child by anyone," returned
Sancho, "nor am I a man to let myself be got
with child, if it was by the King himself.
Though I am poor I am an old Christian, and I
owe nothing to nobody, and if I long for an
island, other people long for worse. Each of us
is the son of his own works; and being a man I
may come to be pope, not to say governor of an
island, especially as my master may win so
many that he will not know whom to give them
to. Mind how you talk, master barber; for sha-
ving is not everything, and there is some diffe-
rence between Peter and Peter. I say this becau-
se we all know one another, and it will not do
to throw false dice with me; and as to the en-
chantment of my master, God knows the truth;
leave it as it is; it only makes it worse to stir it."
The barber did not care to answer Sancho
lest by his plain speaking he should disclose
what the curate and he himself were trying so
hard to conceal; and under the same apprehen-
sion the curate had asked the canon to ride on a
little in advance, so that he might tell him the
mystery of this man in the cage, and other
things that would amuse him. The canon agre-
ed, and going on ahead with his servants, liste-
ned with attention to the account of the charac-
ter, life, madness, and ways of Don Quixote,
given him by the curate, who described to him
briefly the beginning and origin of his craze,
and told him the whole story of his adventures
up to his being confined in the cage, together
with the plan they had of taking him home to
try if by any means they could discover a cure
for his madness. The canon and his servants
were surprised anew when they heard Don
Quixote's strange story, and when it was finis-
hed he said, "To tell the truth, senor curate, I for
my part consider what they call books of chi-
valry to be mischievous to the State; and
though, led by idle and false taste, I have read
the beginnings of almost all that have been
printed, I never could manage to read any one
of them from beginning to end; for it seems to
me they are all more or less the same thing; and
one has nothing more in it than another; this no
more than that. And in my opinion this sort of
writing and composition is of the same species
as the fables they call the Milesian, nonsensical
tales that aim solely at giving amusement and
not instruction, exactly the opposite of the apo-
logue fables which amuse and instruct at the
same time. And though it may be the chief ob-
ject of such books to amuse, I do not know how
they can succeed, when they are so full of such
monstrous nonsense. For the enjoyment the
mind feels must come from the beauty and
harmony which it perceives or contemplates in
the things that the eye or the imagination
brings before it; and nothing that has any ugli-
ness or disproportion about it can give any
pleasure. What beauty, then, or what propor-
tion of the parts to the whole, or of the whole to
the parts, can there be in a book or fable where
a lad of sixteen cuts down a giant as tall as a
tower and makes two halves of him as if he was
an almond cake? And when they want to give
us a picture of a battle, after having told us that
there are a million of combatants on the side of
the enemy, let the hero of the book be opposed
to them, and we have perforce to believe,
whether we like it or not, that the said knight
wins the victory by the single might of his
strong arm. And then, what shall we say of the
facility with which a born queen or empress
will give herself over into the arms of some
unknown wandering knight? What mind, that
is not wholly barbarous and uncultured, can
find pleasure in reading of how a great tower
full of knights sails away across the sea like a
ship with a fair wind, and will be to-night in
Lombardy and to-morrow morning in the land
of Prester John of the Indies, or some other that
Ptolemy never described nor Marco Polo saw?
And if, in answer to this, I am told that the aut-
hors of books of the kind write them as fiction,
and therefore are not bound to regard niceties
of truth, I would reply that fiction is all the bet-
ter the more it looks like truth, and gives the
more pleasure the more probability and possi-
bility there is about it. Plots in fiction should be
wedded to the understanding of the reader,
and be constructed in such a way that, reconci-
ling impossibilities, smoothing over difficulties,
keeping the mind on the alert, they may surpri-
se, interest, divert, and entertain, so that won-
der and delight joined may keep pace one with
the other; all which he will fail to effect who
shuns verisimilitude and truth to nature, whe-
rein lies the perfection of writing. I have never
yet seen any book of chivalry that puts together
a connected plot complete in all its numbers, so
that the middle agrees with the beginning, and
the end with the beginning and middle; on the
contrary, they construct them with such a mul-
titude of members that it seems as though they
meant to produce a chimera or monster rather
than a well-proportioned figure. And besides
all this they are harsh in their style, incredible
in their achievements, licentious in their
amours, uncouth in their courtly speeches, pro-
lix in their battles, silly in their arguments, ab-
surd in their travels, and, in short, wanting in
everything like intelligent art; for which reason
they deserve to be banished from the Christian
commonwealth as a worthless breed."
The curate listened to him attentively and
felt that he was a man of sound understanding,
and that there was good reason in what he said;
so he told him that, being of the same opinion
himself, and bearing a grudge to books of chi-
valry, he had burned all Don Quixote's, which
were many; and gave him an account of the
scrutiny he had made of them, and of those he
had condemned to the flames and those he had
spared, with which the canon was not a little
amused, adding that though he had said so
much in condemnation of these books, still he
found one good thing in them, and that was the
opportunity they afforded to a gifted intellect
for displaying itself; for they presented a wide
and spacious field over which the pen might
range freely, describing shipwrecks, tempests,
combats, battles, portraying a valiant captain
with all the qualifications requisite to make
one, showing him sagacious in foreseeing the
wiles of the enemy, eloquent in speech to en-
courage or restrain his soldiers, ripe in counsel,
rapid in resolve, as bold in biding his time as in
pressing the attack; now picturing some sad
tragic incident, now some joyful and unexpec-
ted event; here a beauteous lady, virtuous, wi-
se, and modest; there a Christian knight, brave
and gentle; here a lawless, barbarous braggart;
there a courteous prince, gallant and gracious;
setting forth the devotion and loyalty of vas-
sals, the greatness and generosity of nobles. "Or
again," said he, "the author may show himself
to be an astronomer, or a skilled cosmographer,
or musician, or one versed in affairs of state,
and sometimes he will have a chance of coming
forward as a magician if he likes. He can set
forth the craftiness of Ulysses, the piety of AE-
neas, the valour of Achilles, the misfortunes of
Hector, the treachery of Sinon, the friendship of
Euryalus, the generosity of Alexander, the
boldness of Caesar, the clemency and truth of
Trajan, the fidelity of Zopyrus, the wisdom of
Cato, and in short all the faculties that serve to
make an illustrious man perfect, now uniting
them in one individual, again distributing them
among many; and if this be done with charm of
style and ingenious invention, aiming at the
truth as much as possible, he will assuredly
weave a web of bright and varied threads that,
when finished, will display such perfection and
beauty that it will attain the worthiest object
any writing can seek, which, as I said before, is
to give instruction and pleasure combined; for
the unrestricted range of these books enables
the author to show his powers, epic, lyric, tra-
gic, or comic, and all the moods the sweet and
winning arts of poesy and oratory are capable
of; for the epic may be written in prose just as
well as in verse."
 CHAPTER XLVIII.

IN WHICH THE CANON PURSUES

THE SUBJECT OF THE BOOKS OF
CHIVALRY, WITH OTHER MATTERS
WORTHY OF HIS WIT

"It is as you say, senor canon," said the cura-

te; "and for that reason those who have hitherto
written books of the sort deserve all the more
censure for writing without paying any atten-
tion to good taste or the rules of art, by which
they might guide themselves and become as
famous in prose as the two princes of Greek
and Latin poetry are in verse."
"I myself, at any rate," said the canon, "was
once tempted to write a book of chivalry in
which all the points I have mentioned were to
be observed; and if I must own the truth I have
more than a hundred sheets written; and to try
if it came up to my own opinion of it, I showed
them to persons who were fond of this kind of
reading, to learned and intelligent men as well
as to ignorant people who cared for nothing but
the pleasure of listening to nonsense, and from
all I obtained flattering approval; nevertheless I
proceeded no farther with it, as well because it
seemed to me an occupation inconsistent with
my profession, as because I perceived that the
fools are more numerous than the wise; and,
though it is better to be praised by the wise few
than applauded by the foolish many, I have no
mind to submit myself to the stupid judgment
of the silly public, to whom the reading of such
books falls for the most part.
"But what most of all made me hold my
hand and even abandon all idea of finishing it
was an argument I put to myself taken from the
plays that are acted now-a-days, which was in
this wise: if those that are now in vogue, as well
those that are pure invention as those founded
on history, are, all or most of them, downright
nonsense and things that have neither head nor
tail, and yet the public listens to them with de-
light, and regards and cries them up as perfec-
tion when they are so far from it; and if the
authors who write them, and the players who
act them, say that this is what they must be, for
the public wants this and will have nothing
else; and that those that go by rule and work
out a plot according to the laws of art will only
find some half-dozen intelligent people to un-
derstand them, while all the rest remain blind
to the merit of their composition; and that for
themselves it is better to get bread from the
many than praise from the few; then my book
will fare the same way, after I have burnt off
my eyebrows in trying to observe the principles
I have spoken of, and I shall be 'the tailor of the
corner.' And though I have sometimes endea-
voured to convince actors that they are mista-
ken in this notion they have adopted, and that
they would attract more people, and get more
credit, by producing plays in accordance with
the rules of art, than by absurd ones, they are so
thoroughly wedded to their own opinion that
no argument or evidence can wean them from
it.
"I remember saying one day to one of these
obstinate fellows, 'Tell me, do you not recollect
that a few years ago, there were three tragedies
acted in Spain, written by a famous poet of the-
se kingdoms, which were such that they filled
all who heard them with admiration, delight,
and interest, the ignorant as well as the wise,
the masses as well as the higher orders, and
brought in more money to the performers, the-
se three alone, than thirty of the best that have
been since produced?'
"'No doubt,' replied the actor in question,
'you mean the "Isabella," the
"Phyllis," and the "Alexandra."'
"'Those are the ones I mean,' said I; 'and see
if they did not observe the principles of art, and
if, by observing them, they failed to show their
superiority and please all the world; so that the
fault does not lie with the public that insists
upon nonsense, but with those who don't know
how to produce something else. "The Ingratitu-
de Revenged" was not nonsense, nor was there
any in "The Numantia," nor any to be found in
"The Merchant Lover," nor yet in "The Friendly
Fair Foe," nor in some others that have been
written by certain gifted poets, to their own
fame and renown, and to the profit of those
that brought them out;' some further remarks I
added to these, with which, I think, I left him
rather dumbfoundered, but not so satisfied or
convinced that I could disabuse him of his
error."
"You have touched upon a subject, senor ca-
non," observed the curate here, "that has awa-
kened an old enmity I have against the plays in
vogue at the present day, quite as strong as that
which I bear to the books of chivalry; for while
the drama, according to Tully, should be the
mirror of human life, the model of manners,
and the image of the truth, those which are pre-
sented now-a-days are mirrors of nonsense,
models of folly, and images of lewdness. For
what greater nonsense can there be in connec-
tion with what we are now discussing than for
an infant to appear in swaddling clothes in the
first scene of the first act, and in the second a
grown-up bearded man? Or what greater ab-
surdity can there be than putting before us an
old man as a swashbuckler, a young man as a
poltroon, a lackey using fine language, a page
giving sage advice, a king plying as a porter, a
princess who is a kitchen-maid? And then what
shall I say of their attention to the time in which
the action they represent may or can take place,
save that I have seen a play where the first act
began in Europe, the second in Asia, the third
finished in Africa, and no doubt, had it been in
four acts, the fourth would have ended in Ame-
rica, and so it would have been laid in all four
quarters of the globe? And if truth to life is the
main thing the drama should keep in view,
how is it possible for any average understan-
ding to be satisfied when the action is supposed
to pass in the time of King Pepin or Charle-
magne, and the principal personage in it they
represent to be the Emperor Heraclius who
entered Jerusalem with the cross and won the
Holy Sepulchre, like Godfrey of Bouillon, there
being years innumerable between the one and
the other? or, if the play is based on fiction and
historical facts are introduced, or bits of what
occurred to different people and at different
times mixed up with it, all, not only without
any semblance of probability, but with obvious
errors that from every point of view are inexcu-
sable? And the worst of it is, there are ignorant
people who say that this is perfection, and that
anything beyond this is affected refinement.
And then if we turn to sacred dramas—what
miracles they invent in them! What apocryphal,
ill-devised incidents, attributing to one saint the
miracles of another! And even in secular plays
they venture to introduce miracles without any
reason or object except that they think some
such miracle, or transformation as they call it,
will come in well to astonish stupid people and
draw them to the play. All this tends to the pre-
judice of the truth and the corruption of histo-
ry, nay more, to the reproach of the wits of
Spain; for foreigners who scrupulously observe
the laws of the drama look upon us as barba-
rous and ignorant, when they see the absurdity
and nonsense of the plays we produce. Nor will
it be a sufficient excuse to say that the chief
object well-ordered governments have in view
when they permit plays to be performed in
public is to entertain the people with some
harmless amusement occasionally, and keep it
from those evil humours which idleness is apt
to engender; and that, as this may be attained
by any sort of play, good or bad, there is no
need to lay down laws, or bind those who write
or act them to make them as they ought to be
made, since, as I say, the object sought for may
be secured by any sort. To this I would reply
that the same end would be, beyond all compa-
rison, better attained by means of good plays
than by those that are not so; for after listening
to an artistic and properly constructed play, the
hearer will come away enlivened by the jests,
instructed by the serious parts, full of admira-
tion at the incidents, his wits sharpened by the
arguments, warned by the tricks, all the wiser
for the examples, inflamed against vice, and in
love with virtue; for in all these ways a good
play will stimulate the mind of the hearer be he
ever so boorish or dull; and of all impossibili-
ties the greatest is that a play endowed with all
these qualities will not entertain, satisfy, and
please much more than one wanting in them,
like the greater number of those which are
commonly acted now-a-days. Nor are the poets
who write them to be blamed for this; for some
there are among them who are perfectly well
aware of their faults, and know what they
ought to do; but as plays have become a salable
commodity, they say, and with truth, that the
actors will not buy them unless they are after
this fashion; and so the poet tries to adapt him-
self to the requirements of the actor who is to
pay him for his work. And that this is the truth
may be seen by the countless plays that a most
fertile wit of these kingdoms has written, with
so much brilliancy, so much grace and gaiety,
such polished versification, such choice lan-
guage, such profound reflections, and in a
word, so rich in eloquence and elevation of
style, that he has filled the world with his fame;
and yet, in consequence of his desire to suit the
taste of the actors, they have not all, as some of
them have, come as near perfection as they
ought. Others write plays with such heedless-
ness that, after they have been acted, the actors
have to fly and abscond, afraid of being punis-
hed, as they often have been, for having acted
something offensive to some king or other, or
insulting to some noble family. All which evils,
and many more that I say nothing of, would be
removed if there were some intelligent and
sensible person at the capital to examine all
plays before they were acted, not only those
produced in the capital itself, but all that were
intended to be acted in Spain; without whose
approval, seal, and signature, no local magis-
tracy should allow any play to be acted. In that
case actors would take care to send their plays
to the capital, and could act them in safety, and
those who write them would be more careful
and take more pains with their work, standing
in awe of having to submit it to the strict exa-
mination of one who understood the matter;
and so good plays would be produced and the
objects they aim at happily attained; as well the
amusement of the people, as the credit of the
wits of Spain, the interest and safety of the ac-
tors, and the saving of trouble in inflicting pu-
nishment on them. And if the same or some
other person were authorised to examine the
newly written books of chivalry, no doubt so-
me would appear with all the perfections you
have described, enriching our language with
the gracious and precious treasure of eloquen-
ce, and driving the old books into obscurity
before the light of the new ones that would
come out for the harmless entertainment, not
merely of the idle but of the very busiest; for
the bow cannot be always bent, nor can weak
human nature exist without some lawful amu-
sement."
The canon and the curate had proceeded
thus far with their conversation, when the bar-
ber, coming forward, joined them, and said to
the curate, "This is the spot, senor licentiate,
that I said was a good one for fresh and plenti-
ful pasture for the oxen, while we take our no-
ontide rest."
"And so it seems," returned the curate, and
he told the canon what he proposed to do, on
which he too made up his mind to halt with
them, attracted by the aspect of the fair valley
that lay before their eyes; and to enjoy it as well
as the conversation of the curate, to whom he
had begun to take a fancy, and also to learn
more particulars about the doings of Don
Quixote, he desired some of his servants to go
on to the inn, which was not far distant, and
fetch from it what eatables there might be for
the whole party, as he meant to rest for the af-
ternoon where he was; to which one of his ser-
vants replied that the sumpter mule, which by
this time ought to have reached the inn, carried
provisions enough to make it unnecessary to
get anything from the inn except barley.
"In that case," said the canon, "take all the
beasts there, and bring the sumpter mule back."
While this was going on, Sancho, perceiving
that he could speak to his master without
having the curate and the barber, of whom he
had his suspicions, present all the time, ap-
proached the cage in which Don Quixote was
placed, and said, "Senor, to ease my conscience
I want to tell you the state of the case as to your
enchantment, and that is that these two here,
with their faces covered, are the curate of our
village and the barber; and I suspect they have
hit upon this plan of carrying you off in this
fashion, out of pure envy because your worship
surpasses them in doing famous deeds; and if
this be the truth it follows that you are not en-
chanted, but hoodwinked and made a fool of.
And to prove this I want to ask you one thing;
and if you answer me as I believe you will
answer, you will be able to lay your finger on
the trick, and you will see that you are not en-
chanted but gone wrong in your wits."
"Ask what thou wilt, Sancho my son," retur-
ned Don Quixote, "for I will satisfy thee and
answer all thou requirest. As to what thou sa-
yest, that these who accompany us yonder are
the curate and the barber, our neighbours and
acquaintances, it is very possible that they may
seem to be those same persons; but that they
are so in reality and in fact, believe it not on
any account; what thou art to believe and think
is that, if they look like them, as thou sayest, it
must be that those who have enchanted me
have taken this shape and likeness; for it is easy
for enchanters to take any form they please,
and they may have taken those of our friends in
order to make thee think as thou dost, and lead
thee into a labyrinth of fancies from which thou
wilt find no escape though thou hadst the cord
of Theseus; and they may also have done it to
make me uncertain in my mind, and unable to
conjecture whence this evil comes to me; for if
on the one hand thou dost tell me that the bar-
ber and curate of our village are here in com-
pany with us, and on the other I find myself
shut up in a cage, and know in my heart that no
power on earth that was not supernatural
would have been able to shut me in, what
wouldst thou have me say or think, but that my
enchantment is of a sort that transcends all I
have ever read of in all the histories that deal
with knights-errant that have been enchanted?
So thou mayest set thy mind at rest as to the
idea that they are what thou sayest, for they are
as much so as I am a Turk. But touching thy
desire to ask me something, say on, and I will
answer thee, though thou shouldst ask ques-
tions from this till to-morrow morning."
"May Our Lady be good to me!" said Sancho,
lifting up his voice; "and is it possible that your
worship is so thick of skull and so short of
brains that you cannot see that what I say is the
simple truth, and that malice has more to do
with your imprisonment and misfortune than
enchantment? But as it is so, I will prove plain-
ly to you that you are not enchanted. Now tell
me, so may God deliver you from this afflic-
tion, and so may you find yourself when you
least expect it in the arms of my lady Dulcinea-"
"Leave off conjuring me," said Don Quixote,
"and ask what thou wouldst know; I have al-
ready told thee I will answer with all possible
precision."
"That is what I want," said Sancho; "and
what I would know, and have you tell me, wit-
hout adding or leaving out anything, but telling
the whole truth as one expects it to be told, and
as it is told, by all who profess arms, as your
worship professes them, under the title of
knights-errant-"
"I tell thee I will not lie in any particular,"
said Don Quixote; "finish thy question; for in
truth thou weariest me with all these assevera-
tions, requirements, and precautions, Sancho."
"Well, I rely on the goodness and truth of
my master," said Sancho; "and so, because it
bears upon what we are talking about, I would
ask, speaking with all reverence, whether since
your worship has been shut up and, as you
think, enchanted in this cage, you have felt any
desire or inclination to go anywhere, as the
saying is?"
"I do not understand 'going anywhere,'" said
Don Quixote; "explain thyself more clearly,
Sancho, if thou wouldst have me give an ans-
wer to the point."
"Is it possible," said Sancho, "that your
worship does not understand 'going anyw-
here'? Why, the schoolboys know that from the
time they were babes. Well then, you must
know I mean have you had any desire to do
what cannot be avoided?"
"Ah! now I understand thee, Sancho," said
Don Quixote; "yes, often, and even this minute;
get me out of this strait, or all will not go right."

CHAPTER XLIX.

WHICH TREATS OF THE SHREWD

CONVERSATION WHICH SANCHO
PANZA HELD WITH HIS MASTER
DON QUIXOTE

"Aha, I have caught you," said Sancho; "this

is what in my heart and soul I was longing to
know. Come now, senor, can you deny what is
commonly said around us, when a person is
out of humour, 'I don't know what ails so-and-
so, that he neither eats, nor drinks, nor sleeps,
nor gives a proper answer to any question; one
would think he was enchanted'? From which it
is to be gathered that those who do not eat, or
drink, or sleep, or do any of the natural acts I
am speaking of-that such persons are enchan-
ted; but not those that have the desire your
worship has, and drink when drink is given
them, and eat when there is anything to eat,
and answer every question that is asked them."
"What thou sayest is true, Sancho," replied
Don Quixote; "but I have already told thee the-
re are many sorts of enchantments, and it may
be that in the course of time they have been
changed one for another, and that now it may
be the way with enchanted people to do all that
I do, though they did not do so before; so it is
vain to argue or draw inferences against the
usage of the time. I know and feel that I am
enchanted, and that is enough to ease my cons-
cience; for it would weigh heavily on it if I
thought that I was not enchanted, and that in a
faint-hearted and cowardly way I allowed my-
self to lie in this cage, defrauding multitudes of
the succour I might afford to those in need and
distress, who at this very moment may be in
sore want of my aid and protection."
"Still for all that," replied Sancho, "I say that,
for your greater and fuller satisfaction, it would
be well if your worship were to try to get out of
this prison (and I promise to do all in my po-
wer to help, and even to take you out of it), and
see if you could once more mount your good
Rocinante, who seems to be enchanted too, he
is so melancholy and dejected; and then we
might try our chance in looking for adventures
again; and if we have no luck there will be time
enough to go back to the cage; in which, on the
faith of a good and loyal squire, I promise to
shut myself up along with your worship, if so
be you are so unfortunate, or I so stupid, as not
to be able to carry out my plan."
 "I am content to do as thou sayest, brother
Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and when thou
seest an opportunity for effecting my release I
will obey thee absolutely; but thou wilt see,
Sancho, how mistaken thou art in thy concep-
tion of my misfortune."
The knight-errant and the ill-errant squire
kept up their conversation till they reached the
place where the curate, the canon, and the bar-
ber, who had already dismounted, were wai-
ting for them. The carter at once unyoked the
oxen and left them to roam at large about the
pleasant green spot, the freshness of which
seemed to invite, not enchanted people like
Don Quixote, but wide-awake, sensible folk
like his squire, who begged the curate to allow
his master to leave the cage for a little; for if
they did not let him out, the prison might not
be as clean as the propriety of such a gentleman
as his master required. The curate understood
him, and said he would very gladly comply
with his request, only that he feared his master,
finding himself at liberty, would take to his old
courses and make off where nobody could ever
find him again.
"I will answer for his not running away,"
said Sancho.
"And I also," said the canon, "especially if he
gives me his word as a knight not to leave us
without our consent."
Don Quixote, who was listening to all this,
said, "I give it;-moreover one who is enchanted
as I am cannot do as he likes with himself; for
he who had enchanted him could prevent his
moving from one place for three ages, and if he
attempted to escape would bring him back
flying."—And that being so, they might as well
release him, particularly as it would be to the
advantage of all; for, if they did not let him out,
he protested he would be unable to avoid of-
fending their nostrils unless they kept their
distance.
The canon took his hand, tied together as
they both were, and on his word and promise
they unbound him, and rejoiced beyond mea-
sure he was to find himself out of the cage. The
first thing he did was to stretch himself all over,
and then he went to where Rocinante was
standing and giving him a couple of slaps on
the haunches said, "I still trust in God and in
his blessed mother, O flower and mirror of ste-
eds, that we shall soon see ourselves, both of
us, as we wish to be, thou with thy master on
thy back, and I mounted upon thee, following
the calling for which God sent me into the
world." And so saying, accompanied by San-
cho, he withdrew to a retired spot, from which
he came back much relieved and more eager
than ever to put his squire's scheme into execu-
tion.
The canon gazed at him, wondering at the
extraordinary nature of his madness, and that
in all his remarks and replies he should show
such excellent sense, and only lose his stirrups,
as has been already said, when the subject of
chivalry was broached. And so, moved by
compassion, he said to him, as they all sat on
the green grass awaiting the arrival of the pro-
visions:
"Is it possible, gentle sir, that the nauseous
and idle reading of books of chivalry can have
had such an effect on your worship as to upset
your reason so that you fancy yourself enchan-
ted, and the like, all as far from the truth as
falsehood itself is? How can there be any
human understanding that can persuade itself
there ever was all that infinity of Amadises in
the world, or all that multitude of famous
knights, all those emperors of Trebizond, all
those Felixmartes of Hircania, all those pal-
freys, and damsels-errant, and serpents, and
monsters, and giants, and marvellous adventu-
res, and enchantments of every kind, and bat-
tles, and prodigious encounters, splendid cos-
tumes, love-sick princesses, squires made
counts, droll dwarfs, love letters, billings and
cooings, swashbuckler women, and, in a word,
all that nonsense the books of chivalry contain?
For myself, I can only say that when I read
them, so long as I do not stop to think that they
are all lies and frivolity, they give me a certain
amount of pleasure; but when I come to consi-
der what they are, I fling the very best of them
at the wall, and would fling it into the fire if
there were one at hand, as richly deserving
such punishment as cheats and impostors out
of the range of ordinary toleration, and as
founders of new sects and modes of life, and
teachers that lead the ignorant public to believe
and accept as truth all the folly they contain.
And such is their audacity, they even dare to
unsettle the wits of gentlemen of birth and inte-
lligence, as is shown plainly by the way they
have served your worship, when they have
brought you to such a pass that you have to be
shut up in a cage and carried on an ox-cart as
one would carry a lion or a tiger from place to
place to make money by showing it. Come,
Senor Don Quixote, have some compassion for
yourself, return to the bosom of common sense,
and make use of the liberal share of it that hea-
ven has been pleased to bestow upon you, em-
ploying your abundant gifts of mind in some
other reading that may serve to benefit your
conscience and add to your honour. And if, still
led away by your natural bent, you desire to
read books of achievements and of chivalry,
read the Book of Judges in the Holy Scriptures,
for there you will find grand reality, and deeds
as true as they are heroic. Lusitania had a Viria-
tus, Rome a Caesar, Carthage a Hannibal, Gree-
ce an Alexander, Castile a Count Fernan Gon-
zalez, Valencia a Cid, Andalusia a Gonzalo
Fernandez, Estremadura a Diego Garcia de
Paredes, Jerez a Garci Perez de Vargas, Toledo
a Garcilaso, Seville a Don Manuel de Leon, to
read of whose valiant deeds will entertain and
instruct the loftiest minds and fill them with
delight and wonder. Here, Senor Don Quixote,
will be reading worthy of your sound unders-
tanding; from which you will rise learned in
history, in love with virtue, strengthened in
goodness, improved in manners, brave without
rashness, prudent without cowardice; and all to
the honour of God, your own advantage and
the glory of La Mancha, whence, I am infor-
med, your worship derives your birth."
Don Quixote listened with the greatest atten-
tion to the canon's words, and when he found
he had finished, after regarding him for some
time, he replied to him:
"It appears to me, gentle sir, that your wors-
hip's discourse is intended to persuade me that
there never were any knights-errant in the
world, and that all the books of chivalry are
false, lying, mischievous and useless to the Sta-
te, and that I have done wrong in reading them,
and worse in believing them, and still worse in
imitating them, when I undertook to follow the
arduous calling of knight-errantry which they
set forth; for you deny that there ever were
Amadises of Gaul or of Greece, or any other of
the knights of whom the books are full."
 "It is all exactly as you state it," said the ca-
non; to which Don Quixote returned, "You also
went on to say that books of this kind had done
me much harm, inasmuch as they had upset
my senses, and shut me up in a cage, and that it
would be better for me to reform and change
my studies, and read other truer books which
would afford more pleasure and instruction."
"Just so," said the canon.
"Well then," returned Don Quixote, "to my
mind it is you who are the one that is out of his
wits and enchanted, as you have ventured to
utter such blasphemies against a thing so uni-
versally acknowledged and accepted as true
that whoever denies it, as you do, deserves the
same punishment which you say you inflict on
the books that irritate you when you read them.
For to try to persuade anybody that Amadis,
and all the other knights-adventurers with
whom the books are filled, never existed,
would be like trying to persuade him that the
sun does not yield light, or ice cold, or earth
nourishment. What wit in the world can per-
suade another that the story of the Princess
Floripes and Guy of Burgundy is not true, or
that of Fierabras and the bridge of Mantible,
which happened in the time of Charlemagne?
For by all that is good it is as true as that it is
daylight now; and if it be a lie, it must be a lie
too that there was a Hector, or Achilles, or Tro-
jan war, or Twelve Peers of France, or Arthur of
England, who still lives changed into a raven,
and is unceasingly looked for in his kingdom.
One might just as well try to make out that the
history of Guarino Mezquino, or of the quest of
the Holy Grail, is false, or that the loves of Tris-
tram and the Queen Yseult are apocryphal, as
well as those of Guinevere and Lancelot, when
there are persons who can almost remember
having seen the Dame Quintanona, who was
the best cupbearer in Great Britain. And so true
is this, that I recollect a grandmother of mine
on the father's side, whenever she saw any da-
me in a venerable hood, used to say to me,
'Grandson, that one is like Dame Quintanona,'
from which I conclude that she must have
known her, or at least had managed to see so-
me portrait of her. Then who can deny that the
story of Pierres and the fair Magalona is true,
when even to this day may be seen in the king's
armoury the pin with which the valiant Pierres
guided the wooden horse he rode through the
air, and it is a trifle bigger than the pole of a
cart? And alongside of the pin is Babieca's
saddle, and at Roncesvalles there is Roland's
horn, as large as a large beam; whence we may
infer that there were Twelve Peers, and a Pie-
rres, and a Cid, and other knights like them, of
the sort people commonly call adventurers. Or
perhaps I shall be told, too, that there was no
such knight-errant as the valiant Lusitanian
Juan de Merlo, who went to Burgundy and in
the city of Arras fought with the famous lord of
Charny, Mosen Pierres by name, and after-
wards in the city of Basle with Mosen Enrique
de Remesten, coming out of both encounters
covered with fame and honour; or adventures
and challenges achieved and delivered, also in
Burgundy, by the valiant Spaniards Pedro Bar-
ba and Gutierre Quixada (of whose family I
come in the direct male line), when they van-
quished the sons of the Count of San Polo. I
shall be told, too, that Don Fernando de Gueva-
ra did not go in quest of adventures to Germa-
ny, where he engaged in combat with Micer
George, a knight of the house of the Duke of
Austria. I shall be told that the jousts of Suero
de Quinones, him of the 'Paso,' and the emprise
of Mosen Luis de Falces against the Castilian
knight, Don Gonzalo de Guzman, were mere
mockeries; as well as many other achievements
of Christian knights of these and foreign re-
alms, which are so authentic and true, that, I
repeat, he who denies them must be totally
wanting in reason and good sense."
The canon was amazed to hear the medley
of truth and fiction Don Quixote uttered, and to
see how well acquainted he was with everyt-
hing relating or belonging to the achievements
of his knight-errantry; so he said in reply:
"I cannot deny, Senor Don Quixote, that the-
re is some truth in what you say, especially as
regards the Spanish knights-errant; and I am
willing to grant too that the Twelve Peers of
France existed, but I am not disposed to believe
that they did all the things that the Archbishop
Turpin relates of them. For the truth of the mat-
ter is they were knights chosen by the kings of
France, and called 'Peers' because they were all
equal in worth, rank and prowess (at least if
they were not they ought to have been), and it
was a kind of religious order like those of San-
tiago and Calatrava in the present day, in
which it is assumed that those who take it are
valiant knights of distinction and good birth;
and just as we say now a Knight of St. John, or
of Alcantara, they used to say then a Knight of
the Twelve Peers, because twelve equals were
chosen for that military order. That there was a
Cid, as well as a Bernardo del Carpio, there can
be no doubt; but that they did the deeds people
say they did, I hold to be very doubtful. In that
other matter of the pin of Count Pierres that
you speak of, and say is near Babieca's saddle
in the Armoury, I confess my sin; for I am eit-
her so stupid or so short-sighted, that, though I
have seen the saddle, I have never been able to
see the pin, in spite of it being as big as your
worship says it is."
"For all that it is there, without any manner
of doubt," said Don Quixote; "and more by to-
ken they say it is inclosed in a sheath of cow-
hide to keep it from rusting."
"All that may be," replied the canon; "but, by
the orders I have received, I do not remember
seeing it. However, granting it is there, that is
no reason why I am bound to believe the stories
of all those Amadises and of all that multitude
of knights they tell us about, nor is it reasonable
that a man like your worship, so worthy, and
with so many good qualities, and endowed
with such a good understanding, should allow
himself to be persuaded that such wild crazy
things as are written in those absurd books of
chivalry are really true."

CHAPTER L.

OF THE SHREWD CONTROVERSY

WHICH DON QUIXOTE AND THE
CANON HELD, TOGETHER WITH
OTHER INCIDENTS

"A good joke, that!" returned Don Quixote.

"Books that have been printed with the king's
licence, and with the approbation of those to
whom they have been submitted, and read
with universal delight, and extolled by great
and small, rich and poor, learned and ignorant,
gentle and simple, in a word by people of every
sort, of whatever rank or condition they may
be—that these should be lies! And above all
when they carry such an appearance of truth
with them; for they tell us the father, mother,
country, kindred, age, place, and the achieve-
ments, step by step, and day by day, performed
by such a knight or knights! Hush, sir; utter not
such blasphemy; trust me I am advising you
now to act as a sensible man should; only read
them, and you will see the pleasure you will
derive from them. For, come, tell me, can there
be anything more delightful than to see, as it
were, here now displayed before us a vast lake
of bubbling pitch with a host of snakes and
serpents and lizards, and ferocious and terrible
creatures of all sorts swimming about in it, whi-
le from the middle of the lake there comes a
plaintive voice saying: 'Knight, whosoever thou
art who beholdest this dread lake, if thou
wouldst win the prize that lies hidden beneath
these dusky waves, prove the valour of thy
stout heart and cast thyself into the midst of its
dark burning waters, else thou shalt not be
worthy to see the mighty wonders contained in
the seven castles of the seven Fays that lie be-
neath this black expanse;' and then the knight,
almost ere the awful voice has ceased, without
stopping to consider, without pausing to reflect
upon the danger to which he is exposing him-
self, without even relieving himself of the
weight of his massive armour, commending
himself to God and to his lady, plunges into the
midst of the boiling lake, and when he little
looks for it, or knows what his fate is to be, he
finds himself among flowery meadows, with
which the Elysian fields are not to be compa-
red.
"The sky seems more transparent there, and
the sun shines with a strange brilliancy, and a
delightful grove of green leafy trees presents
itself to the eyes and charms the sight with its
verdure, while the ear is soothed by the sweet
untutored melody of the countless birds of gay
plumage that flit to and fro among the interla-
cing branches. Here he sees a brook whose lim-
pid waters, like liquid crystal, ripple over fine
sands and white pebbles that look like sifted
gold and purest pearls. There he perceives a
cunningly wrought fountain of many-coloured
jasper and polished marble; here another of
rustic fashion where the little mussel-shells and
the spiral white and yellow mansions of the
snail disposed in studious disorder, mingled
with fragments of glittering crystal and mock
emeralds, make up a work of varied aspect,
where art, imitating nature, seems to have out-
done it.
"Suddenly there is presented to his sight a
strong castle or gorgeous palace with walls of
massy gold, turrets of diamond and gates of
jacinth; in short, so marvellous is its structure
that though the materials of which it is built are
nothing less than diamonds, carbuncles, rubies,
pearls, gold, and emeralds, the workmanship is
still more rare. And after having seen all this,
what can be more charming than to see how a
bevy of damsels comes forth from the gate of
the castle in gay and gorgeous attire, such that,
were I to set myself now to depict it as the his-
tories describe it to us, I should never have do-
ne; and then how she who seems to be the first
among them all takes the bold knight who
plunged into the boiling lake by the hand, and
without addressing a word to him leads him
into the rich palace or castle, and strips him as
naked as when his mother bore him, and bathes
him in lukewarm water, and anoints him all
over with sweet-smelling unguents, and clothes
him in a shirt of the softest sendal, all scented
and perfumed, while another damsel comes
and throws over his shoulders a mantle which
is said to be worth at the very least a city, and
even more? How charming it is, then, when
they tell us how, after all this, they lead him to
another chamber where he finds the tables set
out in such style that he is filled with amaze-
ment and wonder; to see how they pour out
water for his hands distilled from amber and
sweet-scented flowers; how they seat him on an
ivory chair; to see how the damsels wait on him
all in profound silence; how they bring him
such a variety of dainties so temptingly prepa-
red that the appetite is at a loss which to select;
to hear the music that resounds while he is at
table, by whom or whence produced he knows
not. And then when the repast is over and the
tables removed, for the knight to recline in the
chair, picking his teeth perhaps as usual, and a
damsel, much lovelier than any of the others, to
enter unexpectedly by the chamber door, and
herself by his side, and begin to tell him what
the castle is, and how she is held enchanted
there, and other things that amaze the knight
and astonish the readers who are perusing his
history.
"But I will not expatiate any further upon
this, as it may be gathered from it that whate-
ver part of whatever history of a knight-errant
one reads, it will fill the reader, whoever he be,
with delight and wonder; and take my advice,
sir, and, as I said before, read these books and
you will see how they will banish any melan-
choly you may feel and raise your spirits
should they be depressed. For myself I can say
that since I have been a knight-errant I have
become valiant, polite, generous, well-bred,
magnanimous, courteous, dauntless, gentle,
patient, and have learned to bear hardships,
imprisonments, and enchantments; and though
it be such a short time since I have seen myself
shut up in a cage like a madman, I hope by the
might of my arm, if heaven aid me and fortune
thwart me not, to see myself king of some
kingdom where I may be able to show the gra-
titude and generosity that dwell in my heart;
for by my faith, senor, the poor man is incapaci-
tated from showing the virtue of generosity to
anyone, though he may possess it in the highest
degree; and gratitude that consists of disposi-
tion only is a dead thing, just as faith without
works is dead. For this reason I should be glad
were fortune soon to offer me some opportuni-
ty of making myself an emperor, so as to show
my heart in doing good to my friends, particu-
larly to this poor Sancho Panza, my squire, who
is the best fellow in the world; and I would
gladly give him a county I have promised him
this ever so long, only that I am afraid he has
not the capacity to govern his realm."
Sancho partly heard these last words of his
master, and said to him, "Strive hard you, Senor
Don Quixote, to give me that county so often
promised by you and so long looked for by me,
for I promise you there will be no want of capa-
city in me to govern it; and even if there is, I
have heard say there are men in the world who
farm seigniories, paying so much a year, and
they themselves taking charge of the govern-
ment, while the lord, with his legs stretched
out, enjoys the revenue they pay him, without
troubling himself about anything else. That's
what I'll do, and not stand haggling over trifles,
but wash my hands at once of the whole busi-
ness, and enjoy my rents like a duke, and let
things go their own way."
"That, brother Sancho," said the canon, "only
holds good as far as the enjoyment of the reve-
nue goes; but the lord of the seigniory must
attend to the administration of justice, and here
capacity and sound judgment come in, and
above all a firm determination to find out the
truth; for if this be wanting in the beginning,
the middle and the end will always go wrong;
and God as commonly aids the honest inten-
tions of the simple as he frustrates the evil de-
signs of the crafty."
"I don't understand those philosophies," re-
turned Sancho Panza; "all I know is I would I
had the county as soon as I shall know how to
govern it; for I have as much soul as another,
and as much body as anyone, and I shall be as
much king of my realm as any other of his; and
being so I should do as I liked, and doing as I
liked I should please myself, and pleasing my-
self I should be content, and when one is con-
tent he has nothing more to desire, and when
one has nothing more to desire there is an end
of it; so let the county come, and God he with
you, and let us see one another, as one blind
man said to the other."
"That is not bad philosophy thou art talking,
Sancho," said the canon; "but for all that there is
a good deal to be said on this matter of coun-
ties."
To which Don Quixote returned, "I know not
what more there is to be said; I only guide my-
self by the example set me by the great Amadis
of Gaul, when he made his squire count of the
Insula Firme; and so, without any scruples of
conscience, I can make a count of Sancho Pan-
za, for he is one of the best squires that ever
knight-errant had."
The canon was astonished at the methodical
nonsense (if nonsense be capable of method)
that Don Quixote uttered, at the way in which
he had described the adventure of the knight of
the lake, at the impression that the deliberate
lies of the books he read had made upon him,
and lastly he marvelled at the simplicity of San-
cho, who desired so eagerly to obtain the coun-
ty his master had promised him.
By this time the canon's servants, who had
gone to the inn to fetch the sumpter mule, had
returned, and making a carpet and the green
grass of the meadow serve as a table, they sea-
ted themselves in the shade of some trees and
made their repast there, that the carter might
not be deprived of the advantage of the spot, as
has been already said. As they were eating they
suddenly heard a loud noise and the sound of a
bell that seemed to come from among some
brambles and thick bushes that were close by,
and the same instant they observed a beautiful
goat, spotted all over black, white, and brown,
spring out of the thicket with a goatherd after
it, calling to it and uttering the usual cries to
make it stop or turn back to the fold. The fugi-
tive goat, scared and frightened, ran towards
the company as if seeking their protection and
then stood still, and the goatherd coming up
seized it by the horns and began to talk to it as
if it were possessed of reason and understan-
ding: "Ah wanderer, wanderer, Spotty, Spotty;
how have you gone limping all this time? What
wolves have frightened you, my daughter?
Won't you tell me what is the matter, my beau-
ty? But what else can it be except that you are a
she, and cannot keep quiet? A plague on your
humours and the humours of those you take
after! Come back, come back, my darling; and if
you will not be so happy, at any rate you will
be safe in the fold or with your companions; for
if you who ought to keep and lead them, go
wandering astray, what will become of them?"
The goatherd's talk amused all who heard it,
but especially the canon, who said to him, "As
you live, brother, take it easy, and be not in
such a hurry to drive this goat back to the fold;
for, being a female, as you say, she will follow
her natural instinct in spite of all you can do to
prevent it. Take this morsel and drink a sup,
and that will soothe your irritation, and in the
meantime the goat will rest herself," and so
saying, he handed him the loins of a cold rabbit
on a fork.
The goatherd took it with thanks, and drank
and calmed himself, and then said, "I should be
sorry if your worships were to take me for a
simpleton for having spoken so seriously as I
did to this animal; but the truth is there is a
certain mystery in the words I used. I am a
clown, but not so much of one but that I know
how to behave to men and to beasts."
"That I can well believe," said the curate, "for
I know already by experience that the woods
breed men of learning, and shepherds' harbour
philosophers."
"At all events, senor," returned the goatherd,
"they shelter men of experience; and that you
may see the truth of this and grasp it, though I
may seem to put myself forward without being
asked, I will, if it will not tire you, gentlemen,
and you will give me your attention for a little,
tell you a true story which will confirm this
gentleman's word (and he pointed to the cura-
te) as well as my own."
To this Don Quixote replied, "Seeing that
this affair has a certain colour of chivalry about
it, I for my part, brother, will hear you most
gladly, and so will all these gentlemen, from
the high intelligence they possess and their love
of curious novelties that interest, charm, and
entertain the mind, as I feel quite sure your
story will do. So begin, friend, for we are all
prepared to listen."
"I draw my stakes," said Sancho, "and will
retreat with this pasty to the brook there, where
I mean to victual myself for three days; for I
have heard my lord, Don Quixote, say that a
knight-errant's squire should eat until he can
hold no more, whenever he has the chance,
because it often happens them to get by acci-
dent into a wood so thick that they cannot find
a way out of it for six days; and if the man is
not well filled or his alforjas well stored, there
he may stay, as very often he does, turned into
a dried mummy."
"Thou art in the right of it, Sancho," said Don
Quixote; "go where thou wilt and eat all thou
canst, for I have had enough, and only want to
give my mind its refreshment, as I shall by lis-
tening to this good fellow's story."
"It is what we shall all do," said the canon;
and then begged the goatherd to begin the
promised tale.
The goatherd gave the goat which he held
by the horns a couple of slaps on the back, sa-
ying, "Lie down here beside me, Spotty, for we
have time enough to return to our fold." The
goat seemed to understand him, for as her mas-
ter seated himself, she stretched herself quietly
beside him and looked up in his face to show
him she was all attention to what he was going
to say, and then in these words he began his
story.
 CHAPTER LI.

WHICH DEALS WITH WHAT THE

GOATHERD TOLD THOSE WHO
WERE CARRYING OFF DON QUIXO-
TE

Three leagues from this valley there is a vi-

llage which, though small, is one of the richest
in all this neighbourhood, and in it there lived a
farmer, a very worthy man, and so much res-
pected that, although to be so is the natural
consequence of being rich, he was even more
respected for his virtue than for the wealth he
had acquired. But what made him still more
fortunate, as he said himself, was having a
daughter of such exceeding beauty, rare intelli-
gence, gracefulness, and virtue, that everyone
who knew her and beheld her marvelled at the
extraordinary gifts with which heaven and na-
ture had endowed her. As a child she was be-
autiful, she continued to grow in beauty, and at
the age of sixteen she was most lovely. The fa-
me of her beauty began to spread abroad
through all the villages around—but why do I
say the villages around, merely, when it spread
to distant cities, and even made its way into the
halls of royalty and reached the ears of people
of every class, who came from all sides to see
her as if to see something rare and curious, or
some wonder-working image?
Her father watched over her and she wat-
ched over herself; for there are no locks, or
guards, or bolts that can protect a young girl
better than her own modesty. The wealth of the
father and the beauty of the daughter led many
neighbours as well as strangers to seek her for a
wife; but he, as one might well be who had the
disposal of so rich a jewel, was perplexed and
unable to make up his mind to which of her
countless suitors he should entrust her. I was
one among the many who felt a desire so natu-
ral, and, as her father knew who I was, and I
was of the same town, of pure blood, in the
bloom of life, and very rich in possessions, I
had great hopes of success. There was another
of the same place and qualifications who also
sought her, and this made her father's choice
hang in the balance, for he felt that on either of
us his daughter would be well bestowed; so to
escape from this state of perplexity he resolved
to refer the matter to Leandra (for that is the
name of the rich damsel who has reduced me to
misery), reflecting that as we were both equal it
would be best to leave it to his dear daughter to
choose according to her inclination—a course
that is worthy of imitation by all fathers who
wish to settle their children in life. I do not me-
an that they ought to leave them to make a
choice of what is contemptible and bad, but
that they should place before them what is go-
od and then allow them to make a good choice
as they please. I do not know which Leandra
chose; I only know her father put us both off
with the tender age of his daughter and vague
words that neither bound him nor dismissed
us. My rival is called Anselmo and I myself
Eugenio—that you may know the names of the
personages that figure in this tragedy, the end
of which is still in suspense, though it is plain
to see it must be disastrous.
About this time there arrived in our town
one Vicente de la Roca, the son of a poor pea-
sant of the same town, the said Vicente having
returned from service as a soldier in Italy and
divers other parts. A captain who chanced to
pass that way with his company had carried
him off from our village when he was a boy of
about twelve years, and now twelve years later
the young man came back in a soldier's uni-
form, arrayed in a thousand colours, and all
over glass trinkets and fine steel chains. To-day
he would appear in one gay dress, to-morrow
in another; but all flimsy and gaudy, of little
substance and less worth. The peasant folk,
who are naturally malicious, and when they
have nothing to do can be malice itself, remar-
ked all this, and took note of his finery and je-
wellery, piece by piece, and discovered that he
had three suits of different colours, with garters
and stockings to match; but he made so many
arrangements and combinations out of them,
that if they had not counted them, anyone
would have sworn that he had made a display
of more than ten suits of clothes and twenty
plumes. Do not look upon all this that I am te-
lling you about the clothes as uncalled for or
spun out, for they have a great deal to do with
the story. He used to seat himself on a bench
under the great poplar in our plaza, and there
he would keep us all hanging open-mouthed
on the stories he told us of his exploits. There
was no country on the face of the globe he had
not seen, nor battle he had not been engaged in;
he had killed more Moors than there are in Mo-
rocco and Tunis, and fought more single com-
bats, according to his own account, than Garci-
laso, Diego Garcia de Paredes and a thousand
others he named, and out of all he had come
victorious without losing a drop of blood. On
the other hand he showed marks of wounds,
which, though they could not be made out, he
said were gunshot wounds received in divers
encounters and actions. Lastly, with monstrous
impudence he used to say "you" to his equals
and even those who knew what he was, and
declare that his arm was his father and his de-
eds his pedigree, and that being a soldier he
was as good as the king himself. And to add to
these swaggering ways he was a trifle of a mu-
sician, and played the guitar with such a flou-
rish that some said he made it speak; nor did
his accomplishments end here, for he was so-
mething of a poet too, and on every trifle that
happened in the town he made a ballad a lea-
gue long.
This soldier, then, that I have described, this
Vicente de la Roca, this bravo, gallant, musi-
cian, poet, was often seen and watched by Le-
andra from a window of her house which loo-
ked out on the plaza. The glitter of his showy
attire took her fancy, his ballads bewitched her
(for he gave away twenty copies of every one
he made), the tales of his exploits which he told
about himself came to her ears; and in short, as
the devil no doubt had arranged it, she fell in
love with him before the presumption of ma-
king love to her had suggested itself to him;
and as in love-affairs none are more easily
brought to an issue than those which have the
inclination of the lady for an ally, Leandra and
Vicente came to an understanding without any
difficulty; and before any of her numerous sui-
tors had any suspicion of her design, she had
already carried it into effect, having left the
house of her dearly beloved father (for mother
she had none), and disappeared from the villa-
ge with the soldier, who came more triumphan-
tly out of this enterprise than out of any of the
large number he laid claim to. All the village
and all who heard of it were amazed at the af-
fair; I was aghast, Anselmo thunderstruck, her
father full of grief, her relations indignant, the
authorities all in a ferment, the officers of the
Brotherhood in arms. They scoured the roads,
they searched the woods and all quarters, and
at the end of three days they found the flighty
Leandra in a mountain cave, stript to her shift,
and robbed of all the money and precious je-
wels she had carried away from home with her.
They brought her back to her unhappy fat-
her, and questioned her as to her misfortune,
and she confessed without pressure that Vicen-
te de la Roca had deceived her, and under
promise of marrying her had induced her to
leave her father's house, as he meant to take her
to the richest and most delightful city in the
whole world, which was Naples; and that she,
ill-advised and deluded, had believed him, and
robbed her father, and handed over all to him
the night she disappeared; and that he had ca-
rried her away to a rugged mountain and shut
her up in the eave where they had found her.
She said, moreover, that the soldier, without
robbing her of her honour, had taken from her
everything she had, and made off, leaving her
in the cave, a thing that still further surprised
everybody. It was not easy for us to credit the
young man's continence, but she asserted it
with such earnestness that it helped to console
her distressed father, who thought nothing of
what had been taken since the jewel that once
lost can never be recovered had been left to his
daughter. The same day that Leandra made her
appearance her father removed her from our
sight and took her away to shut her up in a
convent in a town near this, in the hope that
time may wear away some of the disgrace she
has incurred. Leandra's youth furnished an
excuse for her fault, at least with those to whom
it was of no consequence whether she was good
or bad; but those who knew her shrewdness
and intelligence did not attribute her misde-
meanour to ignorance but to wantonness and
the natural disposition of women, which is for
the most part flighty and ill-regulated.
Leandra withdrawn from sight, Anselmo's
eyes grew blind, or at any rate found nothing to
look at that gave them any pleasure, and mine
were in darkness without a ray of light to direct
them to anything enjoyable while Leandra was
away. Our melancholy grew greater, our pa-
tience grew less; we cursed the soldier's finery
and railed at the carelessness of Leandra's fat-
her. At last Anselmo and I agreed to leave the
village and come to this valley; and, he feeding
a great flock of sheep of his own, and I a large
herd of goats of mine, we pass our life among
the trees, giving vent to our sorrows, together
singing the fair Leandra's praises, or upbrai-
ding her, or else sighing alone, and to heaven
pouring forth our complaints in solitude. Fo-
llowing our example, many more of Leandra's
lovers have come to these rude mountains and
adopted our mode of life, and they are so nu-
merous that one would fancy the place had
been turned into the pastoral Arcadia, so full is
it of shepherds and sheep-folds; nor is there a
spot in it where the name of the fair Leandra is
not heard. Here one curses her and calls her
capricious, fickle, and immodest, there another
condemns her as frail and frivolous; this par-
dons and absolves her, that spurns and reviles
her; one extols her beauty, another assails her
character, and in short all abuse her, and all
adore her, and to such a pitch has this general
infatuation gone that there are some who com-
plain of her scorn without ever having exchan-
ged a word with her, and even some that be-
wail and mourn the raging fever of jealousy, for
which she never gave anyone cause, for, as I
have already said, her misconduct was known
before her passion. There is no nook among the
rocks, no brookside, no shade beneath the trees
that is not haunted by some shepherd telling
his woes to the breezes; wherever there is an
echo it repeats the name of Leandra; the moun-
tains ring with "Leandra," "Leandra" murmur
the brooks, and Leandra keeps us all bewilde-
red and bewitched, hoping without hope and
fearing without knowing what we fear. Of all
this silly set the one that shows the least and
also the most sense is my rival Anselmo, for
having so many other things to complain of, he
only complains of separation, and to the ac-
companiment of a rebeck, which he plays ad-
mirably, he sings his complaints in verses that
show his ingenuity. I follow another, easier,
and to my mind wiser course, and that is to rail
at the frivolity of women, at their inconstancy,
their double dealing, their broken promises,
their unkept pledges, and in short the want of
reflection they show in fixing their affections
and inclinations. This, sirs, was the reason of
words and expressions I made use of to this
goat when I came up just now; for as she is a
female I have a contempt for her, though she is
the best in all my fold. This is the story I promi-
sed to tell you, and if I have been tedious in
telling it, I will not be slow to serve you; my hut
is close by, and I have fresh milk and dainty
cheese there, as well as a variety of toothsome
fruit, no less pleasing to the eye than to the pa-
late.

CHAPTER LII.

OF THE QUARREL THAT DON

QUIXOTE HAD WITH THE GOAT-
HERD, TOGETHER WITH THE RARE
ADVENTURE OF THE PENITENTS,
WHICH WITH AN EXPENDITURE OF
SWEAT HE BROUGHT TO A HAPPY
CONCLUSION
 The goatherd's tale gave great satisfaction to
all the hearers, and the canon especially enjo-
yed it, for he had remarked with particular at-
tention the manner in which it had been told,
which was as unlike the manner of a clownish
goatherd as it was like that of a polished city
wit; and he observed that the curate had been
quite right in saying that the woods bred men
of learning. They all offered their services to
Eugenio but he who showed himself most libe-
ral in this way was Don Quixote, who said to
him, "Most assuredly, brother goatherd, if I
found myself in a position to attempt any ad-
venture, I would, this very instant, set out on
your behalf, and would rescue Leandra from
that convent (where no doubt she is kept
against her will), in spite of the abbess and all
who might try to prevent me, and would place
her in your hands to deal with her according to
your will and pleasure, observing, however, the
laws of chivalry which lay down that no vio-
lence of any kind is to be offered to any damsel.
But I trust in God our Lord that the might of
one malignant enchanter may not prove so gre-
at but that the power of another better disposed
may prove superior to it, and then I promise
you my support and assistance, as I am bound
to do by my profession, which is none other
than to give aid to the weak and needy."
The goatherd eyed him, and noticing Don
Quixote's sorry appearance and looks, he was
filled with wonder, and asked the barber, who
was next him, "Senor, who is this man who
makes such a figure and talks in such a strain?"
"Who should it be," said the barber, "but the
famous Don Quixote of La Mancha, the undoer
of injustice, the righter of wrongs, the protector
of damsels, the terror of giants, and the winner
of battles?"
"That," said the goatherd, "sounds like what
one reads in the books of the knights-errant,
who did all that you say this man does; though
it is my belief that either you are joking, or else
this gentleman has empty lodgings in his
head."
"You are a great scoundrel," said Don Quixo-
te, "and it is you who are empty and a fool. I
am fuller than ever was the whoreson bitch that
bore you;" and passing from words to deeds, he
caught up a loaf that was near him and sent it
full in the goatherd's face, with such force that
he flattened his nose; but the goatherd, who did
not understand jokes, and found himself
roughly handled in such good earnest, paying
no respect to carpet, tablecloth, or diners,
sprang upon Don Quixote, and seizing him by
the throat with both hands would no doubt
have throttled him, had not Sancho Panza that
instant come to the rescue, and grasping him by
the shoulders flung him down on the table,
smashing plates, breaking glasses, and upset-
ting and scattering everything on it. Don
Quixote, finding himself free, strove to get on
top of the goatherd, who, with his face covered
with blood, and soundly kicked by Sancho, was
on all fours feeling about for one of the table-
knives to take a bloody revenge with. The ca-
non and the curate, however, prevented him,
but the barber so contrived it that he got Don
Quixote under him, and rained down upon him
such a shower of fisticuffs that the poor
knight's face streamed with blood as freely as
his own. The canon and the curate were burs-
ting with laughter, the officers were capering
with delight, and both the one and the other
hissed them on as they do dogs that are worr-
ying one another in a fight. Sancho alone was
frantic, for he could not free himself from the
grasp of one of the canon's servants, who kept
him from going to his master's assistance.
At last, while they were all, with the excep-
tion of the two bruisers who were mauling each
other, in high glee and enjoyment, they heard a
trumpet sound a note so doleful that it made
them all look in the direction whence the sound
seemed to come. But the one that was most
excited by hearing it was Don Quixote, who
though sorely against his will he was under the
goatherd, and something more than pretty well
pummelled, said to him, "Brother devil (for it is
impossible but that thou must be one since
thou hast had might and strength enough to
overcome mine), I ask thee to agree to a truce
for but one hour for the solemn note of yonder
trumpet that falls on our ears seems to me to
summon me to some new adventure." The go-
atherd, who was by this time tired of pumme-
lling and being pummelled, released him at
once, and Don Quixote rising to his feet and
turning his eyes to the quarter where the sound
had been heard, suddenly saw coming down
the slope of a hill several men clad in white like
penitents.
The fact was that the clouds had that year
withheld their moisture from the earth, and in
all the villages of the district they were organi-
sing processions, rogations, and penances, im-
ploring God to open the hands of his mercy
and send the rain; and to this end the people of
a village that was hard by were going in pro-
cession to a holy hermitage there was on one
side of that valley. Don Quixote when he saw
the strange garb of the penitents, without re-
flecting how often he had seen it before, took it
into his head that this was a case of adventure,
and that it fell to him alone as a knight-errant to
engage in it; and he was all the more confirmed
in this notion, by the idea that an image draped
in black they had with them was some illus-
trious lady that these villains and discourteous
thieves were carrying off by force. As soon as
this occurred to him he ran with all speed to
Rocinante who was grazing at large, and taking
the bridle and the buckler from the saddle-bow,
he had him bridled in an instant, and calling to
Sancho for his sword he mounted Rocinante,
braced his buckler on his arm, and in a loud
voice exclaimed to those who stood by, "Now,
noble company, ye shall see how important it is
that there should be knights in the world pro-
fessing the of knight-errantry; now, I say, ye
shall see, by the deliverance of that worthy lady
who is borne captive there, whether knights-
errant deserve to be held in estimation," and so
saying he brought his legs to bear on Rocinan-
te—for he had no spurs—and at a full canter
(for in all this veracious history we never read
of Rocinante fairly galloping) set off to encoun-
ter the penitents, though the curate, the canon,
and the barber ran to prevent him. But it was
out of their power, nor did he even stop for the
shouts of Sancho calling after him, "Where are
you going, Senor Don Quixote? What devils
have possessed you to set you on against our
Catholic faith? Plague take me! mind, that is a
procession of penitents, and the lady they are
carrying on that stand there is the blessed ima-
ge of the immaculate Virgin. Take care what
you are doing, senor, for this time it may be
safely said you don't know what you are
about." Sancho laboured in vain, for his master
was so bent on coming to quarters with these
sheeted figures and releasing the lady in black
that he did not hear a word; and even had he
heard, he would not have turned back if the
king had ordered him. He came up with the
procession and reined in Rocinante, who was
already anxious enough to slacken speed a lit-
tle, and in a hoarse, excited voice he exclaimed,
"You who hide your faces, perhaps because you
are not good subjects, pay attention and listen
to what I am about to say to you." The first to
halt were those who were carrying the image,
and one of the four ecclesiastics who were
chanting the Litany, struck by the strange figu-
re of Don Quixote, the leanness of Rocinante,
and the other ludicrous peculiarities he obser-
ved, said in reply to him, "Brother, if you have
anything to say to us say it quickly, for these
brethren are whipping themselves, and we
cannot stop, nor is it reasonable we should stop
to hear anything, unless indeed it is short
enough to be said in two words."
"I will say it in one," replied Don Quixote,
"and it is this; that at once, this very instant, ye
release that fair lady whose tears and sad as-
pect show plainly that ye are carrying her off
against her will, and that ye have committed
some scandalous outrage against her; and I,
who was born into the world to redress all such
like wrongs, will not permit you to advance
another step until you have restored to her the
liberty she pines for and deserves."
From these words all the hearers concluded
that he must be a madman, and began to laugh
heartily, and their laughter acted like gunpow-
der on Don Quixote's fury, for drawing his
sword without another word he made a rush at
the stand. One of those who supported it, lea-
ving the burden to his comrades, advanced to
meet him, flourishing a forked stick that he had
for propping up the stand when resting, and
with this he caught a mighty cut Don Quixote
made at him that severed it in two; but with the
portion that remained in his hand he dealt such
a thwack on the shoulder of Don Quixote's
sword arm (which the buckler could not protect
against the clownish assault) that poor Don
Quixote came to the ground in a sad plight.
Sancho Panza, who was coming on close
behind puffing and blowing, seeing him fall,
cried out to his assailant not to strike him again,
for he was poor enchanted knight, who had
never harmed anyone all the days of his life;
but what checked the clown was, not Sancho's
shouting, but seeing that Don Quixote did not
stir hand or foot; and so, fancying he had killed
him, he hastily hitched up his tunic under his
girdle and took to his heels across the country
like a deer.
By this time all Don Quixote's companions
had come up to where he lay; but the proces-
sionists seeing them come running, and with
them the officers of the Brotherhood with their
crossbows, apprehended mischief, and cluste-
ring round the image, raised their hoods, and
grasped their scourges, as the priests did their
tapers, and awaited the attack, resolved to de-
fend themselves and even to take the offensive
against their assailants if they could. Fortune,
however, arranged the matter better than they
expected, for all Sancho did was to fling him-
self on his master's body, raising over him the
most doleful and laughable lamentation that
ever was heard, for he believed he was dead.
The curate was known to another curate who
walked in the procession, and their recognition
of one another set at rest the apprehensions of
both parties; the first then told the other in two
words who Don Quixote was, and he and the
whole troop of penitents went to see if the poor
gentleman was dead, and heard Sancho Panza
saying, with tears in his eyes, "Oh flower of
chivalry, that with one blow of a stick hast en-
ded the course of thy well-spent life! Oh pride
of thy race, honour and glory of all La Mancha,
nay, of all the world, that for want of thee will
be full of evil-doers, no longer in fear of pu-
nishment for their misdeeds! Oh thou, gene-
rous above all the Alexanders, since for only
eight months of service thou hast given me the
best island the sea girds or surrounds! Humble
with the proud, haughty with the humble, en-
counterer of dangers, endurer of outrages,
enamoured without reason, imitator of the go-
od, scourge of the wicked, enemy of the mean,
in short, knight-errant, which is all that can be
said!"
At the cries and moans of Sancho, Don
Quixote came to himself, and the first word he
said was, "He who lives separated from you,
sweetest Dulcinea, has greater miseries to en-
dure than these. Aid me, friend Sancho, to
mount the enchanted cart, for I am not in a
condition to press the saddle of Rocinante, as
this shoulder is all knocked to pieces."
"That I will do with all my heart, senor," said
Sancho; "and let us return to our village with
these gentlemen, who seek your good, and the-
re we will prepare for making another sally,
which may turn out more profitable and credi-
table to us."
 "Thou art right, Sancho," returned Don
Quixote; "It will be wise to let the malign in-
fluence of the stars which now prevails pass
off."
The canon, the curate, and the barber told
him he would act very wisely in doing as he
said; and so, highly amused at Sancho Panza's
simplicities, they placed Don Quixote in the
cart as before. The procession once more for-
med itself in order and proceeded on its road;
the goatherd took his leave of the party; the
officers of the Brotherhood declined to go any
farther, and the curate paid them what was due
to them; the canon begged the curate to let him
know how Don Quixote did, whether he was
cured of his madness or still suffered from it,
and then begged leave to continue his journey;
in short, they all separated and went their
ways, leaving to themselves the curate and the
barber, Don Quixote, Sancho Panza, and the
good Rocinante, who regarded everything with
as great resignation as his master. The carter
yoked his oxen and made Don Quixote comfor-
table on a truss of hay, and at his usual delibe-
rate pace took the road the curate directed, and
at the end of six days they reached Don Quixo-
te's village, and entered it about the middle of
the day, which it so happened was a Sunday,
and the people were all in the plaza, through
which Don Quixote's cart passed. They all floc-
ked to see what was in the cart, and when they
recognised their townsman they were filled
with amazement, and a boy ran off to bring the
news to his housekeeper and his niece that their
master and uncle had come back all lean and
yellow and stretched on a truss of hay on an ox-
cart. It was piteous to hear the cries the two
good ladies raised, how they beat their breasts
and poured out fresh maledictions on those
accursed books of chivalry; all which was re-
newed when they saw Don Quixote coming in
at the gate.
At the news of Don Quixote's arrival Sancho
Panza's wife came running, for she by this time
knew that her husband had gone away with
him as his squire, and on seeing Sancho, the
first thing she asked him was if the ass was
well. Sancho replied that he was, better than his
master was.
"Thanks be to God," said she, "for being so
good to me; but now tell me, my friend, what
have you made by your squirings? What gown
have you brought me back? What shoes for
your children?"
"I bring nothing of that sort, wife," said San-
cho; "though I bring other things of more con-
sequence and value."
"I am very glad of that," returned his wife;
"show me these things of more value and con-
sequence, my friend; for I want to see them to
cheer my heart that has been so sad and heavy
all these ages that you have been away."
"I will show them to you at home, wife," said
Sancho; "be content for the present; for if it
please God that we should again go on our tra-
vels in search of adventures, you will soon see
me a count, or governor of an island, and that
not one of those everyday ones, but the best
that is to be had."
"Heaven grant it, husband," said she, "for
indeed we have need of it. But tell me, what's
this about islands, for I don't understand it?"
"Honey is not for the mouth of the ass," re-
turned Sancho; "all in good time thou shalt see,
wife—nay, thou wilt be surprised to hear thy-
self called 'your ladyship' by all thy vassals."
"What are you talking about, Sancho, with
your ladyships, islands, and vassals?" returned
Teresa Panza—for so Sancho's wife was called,
though they were not relations, for in La Man-
cha it is customary for wives to take their hus-
bands' surnames.
"Don't be in such a hurry to know all this,
Teresa," said Sancho; "it is enough that I am
telling you the truth, so shut your mouth. But I
may tell you this much by the way, that there is
nothing in the world more delightful than to be
a person of consideration, squire to a knight-
errant, and a seeker of adventures. To be sure
most of those one finds do not end as pleasan-
tly as one could wish, for out of a hundred,
ninety-nine will turn out cross and contrary. I
know it by experience, for out of some I came
blanketed, and out of others belaboured. Still,
for all that, it is a fine thing to be on the look-
out for what may happen, crossing mountains,
searching woods, climbing rocks, visiting cas-
tles, putting up at inns, all at free quarters, and
devil take the maravedi to pay."
While this conversation passed between
Sancho Panza and his wife, Don Quixote's hou-
sekeeper and niece took him in and undressed
him and laid him in his old bed. He eyed them
askance, and could not make out where he was.
The curate charged his niece to be very careful
to make her uncle comfortable and to keep a
watch over him lest he should make his escape
from them again, telling her what they had
been obliged to do to bring him home. On this
the pair once more lifted up their voices and
renewed their maledictions upon the books of
chivalry, and implored heaven to plunge the
authors of such lies and nonsense into the
midst of the bottomless pit. They were, in short,
kept in anxiety and dread lest their uncle and
master should give them the slip the moment
he found himself somewhat better, and as they
feared so it fell out.
But the author of this history, though he has
devoted research and industry to the discovery
of the deeds achieved by Don Quixote in his
third sally, has been unable to obtain any in-
formation respecting them, at any rate derived
from authentic documents; tradition has merely
preserved in the memory of La Mancha the fact
that Don Quixote, the third time he sallied forth
from his home, betook himself to Saragossa,
where he was present at some famous jousts
which came off in that city, and that he had
adventures there worthy of his valour and high
intelligence. Of his end and death he could le-
arn no particulars, nor would he have ascertai-
ned it or known of it, if good fortune had not
produced an old physician for him who had in
his possession a leaden box, which, according
to his account, had been discovered among the
crumbling foundations of an ancient hermitage
that was being rebuilt; in which box were
found certain parchment manuscripts in Gothic
character, but in Castilian verse, containing
many of his achievements, and setting forth the
beauty of Dulcinea, the form of Rocinante, the
fidelity of Sancho Panza, and the burial of Don
Quixote himself, together with sundry epitaphs
and eulogies on his life and character; but all
that could be read and deciphered were those
which the trustworthy author of this new and
unparalleled history here presents. And the
said author asks of those that shall read it not-
hing in return for the vast toil which it has cost
him in examining and searching the Manche-
gan archives in order to bring it to light, save
that they give him the same credit that people
of sense give to the books of chivalry that per-
vade the world and are so popular; for with
this he will consider himself amply paid and
fully satisfied, and will be encouraged to seek
out and produce other histories, if not as truth-
ful, at least equal in invention and not less en-
tertaining. The first words written on the
parchment found in the leaden box were these:

THE ACADEMICIANS OF ARGAMA-

SILLA, A VILLAGE OF LA MANCHA, ON
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF DON QUIXO-
TE OF LA MANCHA, HOC SCRIPSE-
RUNT MONICONGO, ACADEMICIAN OF
ARGAMASILLA,

ON THE TOMB OF DON QUIXOTE

EPITAPH
The scatterbrain that gave La Mancha more
Rich spoils than Jason's; who a point so keen
Had to his wit, and happier far had been
If his wit's weathercock a blunter bore;
The arm renowned far as Gaeta's shore,
Cathay, and all the lands that lie between;
The muse discreet and terrible in mien
As ever wrote on brass in days of yore;
He who surpassed the Amadises all,
And who as naught the Galaors accounted,
Supported by his love and gallantry:
Who made the Belianises sing small,
And sought renown on Rocinante mounted;
Here, underneath this cold stone, doth he lie.

PANIAGUADO, ACADEMICIAN OF
ARGAMASILLA, IN LAUDEM DULCINEAE
DEL TOBOSO

SONNET
She, whose full features may be here des-
cried,
 High-bosomed, with a bearing of disdain,
Is Dulcinea, she for whom in vain
The great Don Quixote of La Mancha sighed.
For her, Toboso's queen, from side to side
He traversed the grim sierra, the champaign
Of Aranjuez, and Montiel's famous plain:
On Rocinante oft a weary ride.
Malignant planets, cruel destiny,
Pursued them both, the fair Manchegan dame,
And the unconquered star of chivalry.
Nor youth nor beauty saved her from the
claim
Of death; he paid love's bitter penalty,
And left the marble to preserve his name.
 CAPRICHOSO, A MOST ACUTE ACA-
DEMICIAN OF ARGAMASILLA, IN PRAISE
OF ROCINANTE, STEED OF DON QUIXO-
TE OF LA MANCHA

SONNET
On that proud throne of diamantine sheen,
Which the blood-reeking feet of Mars degrade,
The mad Manchegan's banner now hath been
By him in all its bravery displayed.
There hath he hung his arms and trenchant
blade
Wherewith, achieving deeds till now unseen,
He slays, lays low, cleaves, hews; but art hath
made
A novel style for our new paladin.
If Amadis be the proud boast of Gaul,
If by his progeny the fame of Greece
Through all the regions of the earth be spre-
ad,
Great Quixote crowned in grim Bellona's hall
 To-day exalts La Mancha over these,
And above Greece or Gaul she holds her
head.
Nor ends his glory here, for his good steed
Doth Brillador and Bayard far exceed;
As mettled steeds compared with Rocinante,
The reputation they have won is scanty.

BURLADOR, ACADEMICIAN OF
ARGAMASILLA, ON SANCHO PAN-
ZA

SONNET
The worthy Sancho Panza here you see;
A great soul once was in that body small,
Nor was there squire upon this earthly ball
So plain and simple, or of guile so free.
Within an ace of being Count was he,
And would have been but for the spite and
gall
Of this vile age, mean and illiberal,
That cannot even let a donkey be.
For mounted on an ass (excuse the word),
By Rocinante's side this gentle squire
Was wont his wandering master to attend.
Delusive hopes that lure the common herd
With promises of ease, the heart's desire,
In shadows, dreams, and smoke ye always
end.

CACHIDIABLO, ACADEMICIAN OF
ARGAMASILLA, ON THE TOMB OF DON
QUIXOTE EPITAPH

The knight lies here below,

Ill-errant and bruised sore,
Whom Rocinante bore
In his wanderings to and fro.
By the side of the knight is laid
Stolid man Sancho too,
 Than whom a squire more true
Was not in the esquire trade.

TIQUITOC, ACADEMICIAN OF
ARGAMASILLA, ON THE TOMB OF
DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO
EPITAPH
Here Dulcinea lies.
Plump was she and robust:
Now she is ashes and dust:
The end of all flesh that dies.
A lady of high degree,
With the port of a lofty dame,
And the great Don Quixote's flame,
And the pride of her village was she.
These were all the verses that could be de-
ciphered; the rest, the writing being worm-
eaten, were handed over to one of the Acade-
micians to make out their meaning conjectura-
lly. We have been informed that at the cost of
many sleepless nights and much toil he has
succeeded, and that he means to publish them
in hopes of Don Quixote's third sally.
"Forse altro cantera con miglior plectro."

END OF PART I.

===

DON QUIXOTE

Volume II.
Complete
by Miguel de Cervantes
 Translated by John Ormsby

CONTENTS

Part II.

CHAPTER I OF THE INTERVIEW THE

CURATE AND THE BARBER HAD WITH
DON QUIXOTE ABOUT HIS MALADY

CHAPTER II WHICH TREATS OF

THE NOTABLE ALTERCATION
WHICH SANCHO PANZA HAD WITH
DON QUIXOTE'S NIECE, AND HOU-
SEKEEPER, TOGETHER WITH OT-
HER DROLL MATTERS
 CHAPTER III OF THE LAUGHABLE
CONVERSATION THAT PASSED
BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE, SANCHO
PANZA, AND THE BACHELOR SAM-
SON CARRASCO

CHAPTER IV IN WHICH SANCHO

PANZA GIVES A SATISFACTORY RE-
PLY TO THE DOUBTS AND QUES-
TIONS OF THE BACHELOR SAMSON
CARRASCO, TOGETHER WITH OT-
HER MATTERS WORTH KNOWING
AND TELLING

CHAPTER V OF THE SHREWD AND

DROLL CONVERSATION THAT PAS-
SED BETWEEN SANCHO PANZA
AND HIS WIFE TERESA PANZA, AND
OTHER MATTERS WORTHY OF
BEING DULY RECORDED

CHAPTER VI OF WHAT TOOK

PLACE BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE
AND HIS NIECE AND HOUSEKEE-
PER; ONE OF THE MOST IMPOR-
TANT CHAPTERS IN THE WHOLE
HISTORY

CHAPTER VII OF WHAT PASSED

BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND HIS
SQUIRE, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
VERY NOTABLE INCIDENTS

CHAPTER VIII WHEREIN IS RELA-

TED WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE
ON HIS WAY TO SEE HIS LADY
DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO
 CHAPTER IX WHEREIN IS RELA-
TED WHAT WILL BE SEEN THERE

CHAPTER X WHEREIN IS RELA-

TED THE CRAFTY DEVICE SANCHO
ADOPTED TO ENCHANT THE LADY
DULCINEA, AND OTHER INCIDENTS
AS LUDICROUS AS THEY ARE TRUE

CHAPTER XI OF THE STRANGE

ADVENTURE WHICH THE VALIANT
DON QUIXOTE HAD WITH THE CAR
OR CART OF "THE CORTES OF DE-
ATH"

CHAPTER XII OF THE STRANGE

ADVENTURE WHICH BEFELL THE
VALIANT DON QUIXOTE WITH THE
BOLD KNIGHT OF THE MIRRORS
 CHAPTER XIII IN WHICH IS CON-
TINUED THE ADVENTURE OF THE
KNIGHT OF THE GROVE, TOGETHER
WITH THE SENSIBLE, ORIGINAL,
AND TRANQUIL COLLOQUY THAT
PASSED BETWEEN THE TWO SQUI-
RES

CHAPTER XIV WHEREIN IS CON-

TINUED THE ADVENTURE OF THE
KNIGHT OF THE GROVE

CHAPTER XV WHEREIN IT IS
TOLD AND KNOWN WHO THE
KNIGHT OF THE MIRRORS AND HIS
SQUIRE WERE
 CHAPTER XVI OF WHAT BEFELL
DON QUIXOTE WITH A DISCREET
GENTLEMAN OF LA MANCHA

CHAPTER XVII WHEREIN IS

SHOWN THE FURTHEST AND HIG-
HEST POINT WHICH THE UNEXAM-
PLED COURAGE OF DON QUIXOTE
REACHED OR COULD REACH; TO-
GETHER WITH THE HAPPILY
ACHIEVED ADVENTURE OF THE
LIONS

CHAPTER XVIII OF WHAT HAP-

PENED DON QUIXOTE IN THE CAS-
TLE OR HOUSE OF THE KNIGHT OF
THE GREEN GABAN, TOGETHER
WITH OTHER MATTERS OUT OF
THE COMMON
 CHAPTER XIX IN WHICH IS RE-
LATED THE ADVENTURE OF THE
ENAMOURED SHEPHERD, TOGET-
HER WITH OTHER TRULY DROLL
INCIDENTS

CHAPTER XX WHEREIN AN AC-

COUNT IS GIVEN OF THE WEDDING
OF CAMACHO THE RICH, TOGET-
HER WITH THE INCIDENT OF BASI-
LIO THE POOR

CHAPTER XXI IN WHICH CAMA-

CHO'S WEDDING IS CONTINUED,
WITH OTHER DELIGHTFUL INCI-
DENTS

CHAPTER XXII WHERIN IS RELA-

TED THE GRAND ADVENTURE OF
THE CAVE OF MONTESINOS IN THE
HEART OF LA MANCHA, WHICH THE
VALIANT DON QUIXOTE BROUGHT
TO A HAPPY TERMINATION

CHAPTER XXIII OF THE WON-

DERFUL THINGS THE INCOMPARA-
BLE DON QUIXOTE SAID HE SAW IN
THE PROFOUND CAVE OF MONTE-
SINOS, THE IMPOSSIBILITY AND
MAGNITUDE OF WHICH CAUSE
THIS ADVENTURE TO BE DEEMED
APOCRYPHAL

CHAPTER XXIV WHEREIN ARE

RELATED A THOUSAND TRIFLING
MATTERS, AS TRIVIAL AS THEY ARE
NECESSARY TO THE RIGHT UN-
DERSTANDING OF THIS GREAT
HISTORY

CHAPTER XXV WHEREIN IS SET

DOWN THE BRAYING ADVENTURE,
AND THE DROLL ONE OF THE PUP-
PET-SHOWMAN, TOGETHER WITH
THE MEMORABLE DIVINATIONS OF
THE DIVINING APE

CHAPTER XXVI WHEREIN IS

CONTINUED THE DROLL ADVEN-
TURE OF THE PUPPET-SHOWMAN,
TOGETHER WITH OTHER THINGS
IN TRUTH RIGHT GOOD

CHAPTER XXVII WHEREIN IT IS

SHOWN WHO MASTER PEDRO AND
HIS APE WERE, TOGETHER WITH
THE MISHAP DON QUIXOTE HAD IN
THE BRAYING ADVENTURE, WHICH
HE DID NOT CONCLUDE AS HE
WOULD HAVE LIKED OR AS HE HAD
EXPECTED

CHAPTER XXVIII OF MATTERS

THAT BENENGELI SAYS HE WHO
READS THEM WILL KNOW, IF HE
READS THEM WITH ATTENTION

CHAPTER XXIX OF THE FAMOUS

ADVENTURE OF THE ENCHANTED
BARK

CHAPTER XXX OF DON QUIXO-

TE'S ADVENTURE WITH A FAIR
HUNTRESS
 CHAPTER XXXI WHICH TREATS
OF MANY AND GREAT MATTERS

CHAPTER XXXII OF THE REPLY

DON QUIXOTE GAVE HIS CENSU-
RER, WITH OTHER INCIDENTS,
GRAVE AND DROLL

CHAPTER XXXIII OF THE DELEC-

TABLE DISCOURSE WHICH THE
DUCHESS AND HER DAMSELS HELD
WITH SANCHO PANZA, WELL
WORTH READING AND NOTING

CHAPTER XXXIV WHICH RELA-

TES HOW THEY LEARNED THE WAY
IN WHICH THEY WERE TO DISEN-
CHANT THE PEERLESS DULCINEA
DEL TOBOSO, WHICH IS ONE OF
THE RAREST ADVENTURES IN THIS
BOOK

CHAPTER XXXV WHEREIN IS

CONTINUED THE INSTRUCTION
GIVEN TO DON QUIXOTE TOU-
CHING THE DISENCHANTMENT OF
DULCINEA, TOGETHER WITH OT-
HER MARVELLOUS INCIDENTS

CHAPTER XXXVI WHEREIN IS RE-

LATED THE STRANGE AND UNDRE-
AMT-OF ADVENTURE OF THE DIS-
TRESSED DUENNA, ALIAS THE
COUNTESS TRIFALDI, TOGETHER
WITH A LETTER WHICH SANCHO
PANZA WROTE TO HIS WIFE, TERE-
SA PANZA
 CHAPTER XXXVII WHEREIN IS
CONTINUED THE NOTABLE AD-
VENTURE OF THE DISTRESSED
DUENNA

CHAPTER XXXVIII WHEREIN IS

TOLD THE DISTRESSED DUENNA'S
TALE OF HER MISFORTUNES

CHAPTER XXXIX IN WHICH THE

TRIFALDI CONTINUES HER MAR-
VELLOUS AND MEMORABLE STORY

CHAPTER XL OF MATTERS RELA-

TING AND BELONGING TO THIS
ADVENTURE AND TO THIS MEMO-
RABLE HISTORY
 CHAPTER XLI OF THE ARRIVAL
OF CLAVILENO AND THE END OF
THIS PROTRACTED ADVENTURE

CHAPTER XLII OF THE COUNSELS

WHICH DON QUIXOTE GAVE SAN-
CHO PANZA BEFORE HE SET OUT
TO GOVERN THE ISLAND, TOGET-
HER WITH OTHER WELL-
CONSIDERED MATTERS

CHAPTER XLIII OF THE SECOND

SET OF COUNSELS DON QUIXOTE
GAVE SANCHO PANZA

CHAPTER XLIV HOW SANCHO

PANZA WAS CONDUCTED TO HIS
GOVERNMENT, AND OF THE
STRANGE ADVENTURE THAT BE-
FELL DON QUIXOTE IN THE CASTLE

CHAPTER XLV OF HOW THE

GREAT SANCHO PANZA TOOK
POSSESSION OF HIS ISLAND, AND
OF HOW HE MADE A BEGINNING IN
GOVERNING

CHAPTER XLVI OF THE TERRIBLE

BELL AND CAT FRIGHT THAT DON
QUIXOTE GOT IN THE COURSE OF
THE ENAMOURED ALTISIDORA'S
WOOING

CHAPTER XLVII WHEREIN IS

CONTINUED THE ACCOUNT OF
HOW SANCHO PANZA CONDUCTED
HIMSELF IN HIS GOVERNMENT
 CHAPTER XLVIII OF WHAT BE-
FELL DON QUIXOTE WITH DONA
RODRIGUEZ, THE DUCHESS'S
DUENNA, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
OCCURRENCES WORTHY OF RE-
CORD AND ETERNAL REMEM-
BRANCE

CHAPTER XLIX OF WHAT HAP-

PENED SANCHO IN MAKING THE
ROUND OF HIS ISLAND

CHAPTER L WHEREIN IS SET

FORTH WHO THE ENCHANTERS
AND EXECUTIONERS WERE WHO
FLOGGED THE DUENNA AND PIN-
CHED DON QUIXOTE, AND ALSO
WHAT BEFELL THE PAGE WHO CA-
RRIED THE LETTER TO TERESA
PANZA, SANCHO PANZA'S WIFE

CHAPTER LI OF THE PROGRESS

OF SANCHO'S GOVERNMENT, AND
OTHER SUCH ENTERTAINING MAT-
TERS

CHAPTER LII WHEREIN IS RELA-

TED THE ADVENTURE OF THE SE-
COND DISTRESSED OR AFFLICTED
DUENNA, OTHERWISE CALLED
DONA RODRIGUEZ

CHAPTER LIII OF THE TROU-

BLOUS END AND TERMINATION
SANCHO PANZA'S GOVERNMENT
CAME TO
 CHAPTER LIV WHICH DEALS
WITH MATTERS RELATING TO THIS
HISTORY AND NO OTHER

CHAPTER LV OF WHAT BEFELL

SANCHO ON THE ROAD, AND OT-
HER THINGS THAT CANNOT BE
SURPASSED

CHAPTER LVI OF THE PRODI-

GIOUS AND UNPARALLELED BAT-
TLE THAT TOOK PLACE BETWEEN
DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA
AND THE LACQUEY TOSILOS IN DE-
FENCE OF THE DAUGHTER OF DO-
NA RODRIGUEZ

CHAPTER LVII WHICH TREATS OF

HOW DON QUIXOTE TOOK LEAVE
OF THE DUKE, AND OF WHAT FO-
LLOWED WITH THE WITTY AND
IMPUDENT ALTISIDORA, ONE OF
THE DUCHESS'S DAMSELS

CHAPTER LVIII WHICH TELLS

HOW ADVENTURES CAME CROW-
DING ON DON QUIXOTE IN SUCH
NUMBERS THAT THEY GAVE ONE
ANOTHER NO BREATHING-TIME

CHAPTER LIX WHEREIN IS RELA-

TED THE STRANGE THING, WHICH
MAY BE REGARDED AS AN ADVEN-
TURE, THAT HAPPENED DON
QUIXOTE
 CHAPTER LX OF WHAT HAPPE-
NED DON QUIXOTE ON HIS WAY
TO BARCELONA

CHAPTER LXI OF WHAT HAPPE-

NED DON QUIXOTE ON ENTERING
BARCELONA, TOGETHER WITH OT-
HER MATTERS THAT PARTAKE OF
THE TRUE RATHER THAN OF THE
INGENIOUS

CHAPTER LXII WHICH DEALS

WITH THE ADVENTURE OF THE EN-
CHANTED HEAD, TOGETHER WITH
OTHER TRIVIAL MATTERS WHICH
CANNOT BE LEFT UNTOLD

CHAPTER LXIII OF THE MISHAP

THAT BEFELL SANCHO PANZA
THROUGH THE VISIT TO THE GA-
LLEYS, AND THE STRANGE ADVEN-
TURE OF THE FAIR MORISCO

CHAPTER LXIV TREATING OF THE

ADVENTURE WHICH GAVE DON
QUIXOTE MORE UNHAPPINESS
THAN ALL THAT HAD HITHERTO
BEFALLEN HIM

CHAPTER LXV WHEREIN IS MADE

KNOWN WHO THE KNIGHT OF THE
WHITE MOON WAS; LIKEWISE DON
GREGORIO'S RELEASE, AND OTHER
EVENTS

CHAPTER LXVI WHICH TREATS

OF WHAT HE WHO READS WILL
SEE, OR WHAT HE WHO HAS IT RE-
AD TO HIM WILL HEAR

CHAPTER LXVII OF THE RESOLU-

TION DON QUIXOTE FORMED TO
TURN SHEPHERD AND TAKE TO A
LIFE IN THE FIELDS WHILE THE YE-
AR FOR WHICH HE HAD GIVEN HIS
WORD WAS RUNNING ITS COURSE;
WITH OTHER EVENTS TRULY DE-
LECTABLE AND HAPPY

CHAPTER LXVIII OF THE BRISTLY

ADVENTURE THAT BEFELL DON
QUIXOTE

CHAPTER LXIX OF THE STRAN-

GEST AND MOST EXTRAORDINARY
ADVENTURE THAT BEFELL DON
QUIXOTE IN THE WHOLE COURSE
OF THIS GREAT HISTORY

CHAPTER LXX WHICH FOLLOWS

SIXTY-NINE AND DEALS WITH
MATTERS INDISPENSABLE FOR THE
CLEAR COMPREHENSION OF THIS
HISTORY

CHAPTER LXXI OF WHAT PASSED

BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND HIS
SQUIRE SANCHO ON THE WAY TO
THEIR VILLAGE

CHAPTER LXXII OF HOW DON

QUIXOTE AND SANCHO REACHED
THEIR VILLAGE
 CHAPTER LXXIII OF THE OMENS
DON QUIXOTE HAD AS HE ENTE-
RED HIS OWN VILLAGE, AND OT-
HER INCIDENTS THAT EMBELLISH
AND GIVE A COLOUR TO THIS
GREAT HISTORY

CHAPTER LXXIV OF HOW DON

QUIXOTE FELL SICK, AND OF THE
WILL HE MADE, AND HOW HE DIED
 DON QUIXOTE

PART II.

DEDICATION OF PART II.

TO THE COUNT OF LEMOS:

These days past, when sending Your Exce-
llency my plays, that had appeared in print
before being shown on the stage, I said, if I re-
member well, that Don Quixote was putting on
his spurs to go and render homage to Your Ex-
cellency. Now I say that "with his spurs, he is
on his way." Should he reach destination met-
hinks I shall have rendered some service to
Your Excellency, as from many parts I am ur-
ged to send him off, so as to dispel the loathing
and disgust caused by another Don Quixote
who, under the name of Second Part, has run
masquerading through the whole world. And
he who has shown the greatest longing for him
has been the great Emperor of China, who wro-
te me a letter in Chinese a month ago and sent
it by a special courier. He asked me, or to be
truthful, he begged me to send him Don Quixo-
te, for he intended to found a college where the
Spanish tongue would be taught, and it was his
wish that the book to be read should be the
History of Don Quixote. He also added that I
should go and be the rector of this college. I
asked the bearer if His Majesty had afforded a
sum in aid of my travel expenses. He answered,
"No, not even in thought."
"Then, brother," I replied, "you can return to
your China, post haste or at whatever haste you
are bound to go, as I am not fit for so long a
travel and, besides being ill, I am very much
without money, while Emperor for Emperor
and Monarch for Monarch, I have at Naples the
great Count of Lemos, who, without so many
petty titles of colleges and rectorships, sustains
me, protects me and does me more favour than
I can wish for."
Thus I gave him his leave and I beg mine
from you, offering Your Excellency the "Traba-
jos de Persiles y Sigismunda," a book I shall
finish within four months, Deo volente, and
which will be either the worst or the best that
has been composed in our language, I mean of
those intended for entertainment; at which I
repent of having called it the worst, for, in the
opinion of friends, it is bound to attain the
summit of possible quality. May Your Excellen-
cy return in such health that is wished you;
Persiles will be ready to kiss your hand and I
your feet, being as I am, Your Excellency's most
humble servant.
From Madrid, this last day of October of the
year one thousand six hundred and fifteen.
At the service of Your Excellency:

MIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVE-

DRA
 VOLUME II.

THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE

God bless me, gentle (or it may be plebeian)

reader, how eagerly must thou be looking for-
ward to this preface, expecting to find there
retaliation, scolding, and abuse against the aut-
hor of the second Don Quixote—I mean him
who was, they say, begotten at Tordesillas and
born at Tarragona! Well then, the truth is, I am
not going to give thee that satisfaction; for,
though injuries stir up anger in humbler bre-
asts, in mine the rule must admit of an excep-
tion. Thou wouldst have me call him ass, fool,
and malapert, but I have no such intention; let
his offence be his punishment, with his bread
let him eat it, and there's an end of it. What I
cannot help taking amiss is that he charges me
with being old and one-handed, as if it had
been in my power to keep time from passing
over me, or as if the loss of my hand had been
brought about in some tavern, and not on the
grandest occasion the past or present has seen,
or the future can hope to see. If my wounds
have no beauty to the beholder's eye, they are,
at least, honourable in the estimation of those
who know where they were received; for the
soldier shows to greater advantage dead in
battle than alive in flight; and so strongly is this
my feeling, that if now it were proposed to per-
form an impossibility for me, I would rather
have had my share in that mighty action, than
be free from my wounds this minute without
having been present at it. Those the soldier
shows on his face and breast are stars that dire-
ct others to the heaven of honour and ambition
of merited praise; and moreover it is to be ob-
served that it is not with grey hairs that one
writes, but with the understanding, and that
commonly improves with years. I take it amiss,
too, that he calls me envious, and explains to
me, as if I were ignorant, what envy is; for rea-
lly and truly, of the two kinds there are, I only
know that which is holy, noble, and high-
minded; and if that be so, as it is, I am not likely
to attack a priest, above all if, in addition, he
holds the rank of familiar of the Holy Office.
And if he said what he did on account of him
on whose behalf it seems he spoke, he is entire-
ly mistaken; for I worship the genius of that
person, and admire his works and his uncea-
sing and strenuous industry. After all, I am
grateful to this gentleman, the author, for sa-
ying that my novels are more satirical than
exemplary, but that they are good; for they
could not be that unless there was a little of
everything in them.
I suspect thou wilt say that I am taking a ve-
ry humble line, and keeping myself too much
within the bounds of my moderation, from a
feeling that additional suffering should not be
inflicted upon a sufferer, and that what this
gentleman has to endure must doubtless be
very great, as he does not dare to come out into
the open field and broad daylight, but hides his
name and disguises his country as if he had
been guilty of some lese majesty. If perchance
thou shouldst come to know him, tell him from
me that I do not hold myself aggrieved; for I
know well what the temptations of the devil
are, and that one of the greatest is putting it
into a man's head that he can write and print a
book by which he will get as much fame as
money, and as much money as fame; and to
prove it I will beg of you, in your own sprigh-
tly, pleasant way, to tell him this story.
There was a madman in Seville who took to
one of the drollest absurdities and vagaries that
ever madman in the world gave way to. It was
this: he made a tube of reed sharp at one end,
and catching a dog in the street, or wherever it
might be, he with his foot held one of its legs
fast, and with his hand lifted up the other, and
as best he could fixed the tube where, by blo-
wing, he made the dog as round as a ball; then
holding it in this position, he gave it a couple of
slaps on the belly, and let it go, saying to the
bystanders (and there were always plenty of
them): "Do your worships think, now, that it is
an easy thing to blow up a dog?"—Does your
worship think now, that it is an easy thing to
write a book?
And if this story does not suit him, you may,
dear reader, tell him this one, which is likewise
of a madman and a dog.
In Cordova there was another madman,
whose way it was to carry a piece of marble
slab or a stone, not of the lightest, on his head,
and when he came upon any unwary dog he
used to draw close to him and let the weight
fall right on top of him; on which the dog in a
rage, barking and howling, would run three
streets without stopping. It so happened,
however, that one of the dogs he discharged his
load upon was a cap-maker's dog, of which his
master was very fond. The stone came down
hitting it on the head, the dog raised a yell at
the blow, the master saw the affair and was
wroth, and snatching up a measuring-yard
rushed out at the madman and did not leave a
sound bone in his body, and at every stroke he
gave him he said, "You dog, you thief! my lur-
cher! Don't you see, you brute, that my dog is a
lurcher?" and so, repeating the word "lurcher"
again and again, he sent the madman away
beaten to a jelly. The madman took the lesson
to heart, and vanished, and for more than a
month never once showed himself in public;
but after that he came out again with his old
trick and a heavier load than ever. He came up
to where there was a dog, and examining it
very carefully without venturing to let the sto-
ne fall, he said: "This is a lurcher; ware!" In
short, all the dogs he came across, be they mas-
tiffs or terriers, he said were lurchers; and he
discharged no more stones. Maybe it will be the
same with this historian; that he will not ventu-
re another time to discharge the weight of his
wit in books, which, being bad, are harder than
stones. Tell him, too, that I do not care a fart-
hing for the threat he holds out to me of depri-
ving me of my profit by means of his book; for,
to borrow from the famous interlude of "The
Perendenga," I say in answer to him, "Long life
to my lord the Veintiquatro, and Christ be with
us all." Long life to the great Conde de Lemos,
whose Christian charity and well-known gene-
rosity support me against all the strokes of my
curst fortune; and long life to the supreme be-
nevolence of His Eminence of Toledo, Don Ber-
nardo de Sandoval y Rojas; and what matter if
there be no printing-presses in the world, or if
they print more books against me than there
are letters in the verses of Mingo Revulgo! The-
se two princes, unsought by any adulation or
flattery of mine, of their own goodness alone,
have taken it upon them to show me kindness
and protect me, and in this I consider myself
happier and richer than if Fortune had raised
me to her greatest height in the ordinary way.
The poor man may retain honour, but not the
vicious; poverty may cast a cloud over nobility,
but cannot hide it altogether; and as virtue of
itself sheds a certain light, even though it be
through the straits and chinks of penury, it
wins the esteem of lofty and noble spirits, and
in consequence their protection. Thou needst
say no more to him, nor will I say anything
more to thee, save to tell thee to bear in mind
that this Second Part of "Don Quixote" which I
offer thee is cut by the same craftsman and
from the same cloth as the First, and that in it I
present thee Don Quixote continued, and at
length dead and buried, so that no one may
dare to bring forward any further evidence
against him, for that already produced is suffi-
cient; and suffice it, too, that some reputable
person should have given an account of all the-
se shrewd lunacies of his without going into
the matter again; for abundance, even of good
things, prevents them from being valued; and
scarcity, even in the case of what is bad, confers
a certain value. I was forgetting to tell thee that
thou mayest expect the "Persiles," which I am
now finishing, and also the Second Part of "Ga-
latea."

CHAPTER I.

OF THE INTERVIEW THE CURATE

AND THE BARBER HAD WITH DON
QUIXOTE ABOUT HIS MALADY

Cide Hamete Benengeli, in the Second Part

of this history, and third sally of Don Quixote,
says that the curate and the barber remained
nearly a month without seeing him, lest they
should recall or bring back to his recollection
what had taken place. They did not, however,
omit to visit his niece and housekeeper, and
charge them to be careful to treat him with at-
tention, and give him comforting things to eat,
and such as were good for the heart and the
brain, whence, it was plain to see, all his mis-
fortune proceeded. The niece and housekeeper
replied that they did so, and meant to do so
with all possible care and assiduity, for they
could perceive that their master was now and
then beginning to show signs of being in his
right mind. This gave great satisfaction to the
curate and the barber, for they concluded they
had taken the right course in carrying him off
enchanted on the ox-cart, as has been described
in the First Part of this great as well as accurate
history, in the last chapter thereof. So they re-
solved to pay him a visit and test the improve-
ment in his condition, although they thought it
almost impossible that there could be any; and
they agreed not to touch upon any point con-
nected with knight-errantry so as not to run the
risk of reopening wounds which were still so
tender.
 They came to see him consequently, and
found him sitting up in bed in a green baize
waistcoat and a red Toledo cap, and so wit-
hered and dried up that he looked as if he had
been turned into a mummy. They were very
cordially received by him; they asked him after
his health, and he talked to them about himself
very naturally and in very well-chosen langua-
ge. In the course of their conversation they fell
to discussing what they call State-craft and sys-
tems of government, correcting this abuse and
condemning that, reforming one practice and
abolishing another, each of the three setting up
for a new legislator, a modern Lycurgus, or a
brand-new Solon; and so completely did they
remodel the State, that they seemed to have
thrust it into a furnace and taken out something
quite different from what they had put in; and
on all the subjects they dealt with, Don Quixote
spoke with such good sense that the pair of
examiners were fully convinced that he was
quite recovered and in his full senses.
 The niece and housekeeper were present at
the conversation and could not find words
enough to express their thanks to God at seeing
their master so clear in his mind; the curate,
however, changing his original plan, which
was to avoid touching upon matters of chival-
ry, resolved to test Don Quixote's recovery tho-
roughly, and see whether it were genuine or
not; and so, from one subject to another, he
came at last to talk of the news that had come
from the capital, and, among other things, he
said it was considered certain that the Turk was
coming down with a powerful fleet, and that
no one knew what his purpose was, or when
the great storm would burst; and that all Chris-
tendom was in apprehension of this, which
almost every year calls us to arms, and that his
Majesty had made provision for the security of
the coasts of Naples and Sicily and the island of
Malta.
To this Don Quixote replied, "His Majesty
has acted like a prudent warrior in providing
for the safety of his realms in time, so that the
enemy may not find him unprepared; but if my
advice were taken I would recommend him to
adopt a measure which at present, no doubt,
his Majesty is very far from thinking of."
The moment the curate heard this he said to
himself, "God keep thee in his hand, poor Don
Quixote, for it seems to me thou art precipita-
ting thyself from the height of thy madness into
the profound abyss of thy simplicity."
But the barber, who had the same suspicion
as the curate, asked Don Quixote what would
be his advice as to the measures that he said
ought to be adopted; for perhaps it might prove
to be one that would have to be added to the
list of the many impertinent suggestions that
people were in the habit of offering to princes.
"Mine, master shaver," said Don Quixote,
"will not be impertinent, but, on the contrary,
pertinent."
"I don't mean that," said the barber, "but that
experience has shown that all or most of the
expedients which are proposed to his Majesty
are either impossible, or absurd, or injurious to
the King and to the kingdom."
"Mine, however," replied Don Quixote, "is
neither impossible nor absurd, but the easiest,
the most reasonable, the readiest and most ex-
peditious that could suggest itself to any pro-
jector's mind."
"You take a long time to tell it, Senor Don
Quixote," said the curate.
"I don't choose to tell it here, now," said Don
Quixote, "and have it reach the ears of the lords
of the council to-morrow morning, and some
other carry off the thanks and rewards of my
trouble."
"For my part," said the barber, "I give my
word here and before God that I will not repeat
what your worship says, to King, Rook or
earthly man—an oath I learned from the ballad
of the curate, who, in the prelude, told the king
of the thief who had robbed him of the hun-
dred gold crowns and his pacing mule."
 "I am not versed in stories," said Don Quixo-
te; "but I know the oath is a good one, because I
know the barber to be an honest fellow."
"Even if he were not," said the curate, "I will
go bail and answer for him that in this matter
he will be as silent as a dummy, under pain of
paying any penalty that may be pronounced."
"And who will be security for you, senor cu-
rate?" said Don Quixote.
"My profession," replied the curate, "which
is to keep secrets."
"Ods body!" said Don Quixote at this, "what
more has his Majesty to do but to command, by
public proclamation, all the knights-errant that
are scattered over Spain to assemble on a fixed
day in the capital, for even if no more than half
a dozen come, there may be one among them
who alone will suffice to destroy the entire
might of the Turk. Give me your attention and
follow me. Is it, pray, any new thing for a single
knight-errant to demolish an army of two hun-
dred thousand men, as if they all had but one
throat or were made of sugar paste? Nay, tell
me, how many histories are there filled with
these marvels? If only (in an evil hour for me: I
don't speak for anyone else) the famous Don
Belianis were alive now, or any one of the in-
numerable progeny of Amadis of Gaul! If any
these were alive today, and were to come face
to face with the Turk, by my faith, I would not
give much for the Turk's chance. But God will
have regard for his people, and will provide
some one, who, if not so valiant as the knights-
errant of yore, at least will not be inferior to
them in spirit; but God knows what I mean,
and I say no more."
"Alas!" exclaimed the niece at this, "may I
die if my master does not want to turn knight-
errant again;" to which Don Quixote replied, "A
knight-errant I shall die, and let the Turk come
down or go up when he likes, and in as strong
force as he can, once more I say, God knows
what I mean." But here the barber said, "I ask
your worships to give me leave to tell a short
story of something that happened in Seville,
which comes so pat to the purpose just now
that I should like greatly to tell it." Don Quixote
gave him leave, and the rest prepared to listen,
and he began thus:
"In the madhouse at Seville there was a man
whom his relations had placed there as being
out of his mind. He was a graduate of Osuna in
canon law; but even if he had been of Salaman-
ca, it was the opinion of most people that he
would have been mad all the same. This gra-
duate, after some years of confinement, took it
into his head that he was sane and in his full
senses, and under this impression wrote to the
Archbishop, entreating him earnestly, and in
very correct language, to have him released
from the misery in which he was living; for by
God's mercy he had now recovered his lost
reason, though his relations, in order to enjoy
his property, kept him there, and, in spite of the
truth, would make him out to be mad until his
dying day. The Archbishop, moved by repea-
ted sensible, well-written letters, directed one
of his chaplains to make inquiry of the mad-
house as to the truth of the licentiate's state-
ments, and to have an interview with the
madman himself, and, if it should appear that
he was in his senses, to take him out and resto-
re him to liberty. The chaplain did so, and the
governor assured him that the man was still
mad, and that though he often spoke like a
highly intelligent person, he would in the end
break out into nonsense that in quantity and
quality counterbalanced all the sensible things
he had said before, as might be easily tested by
talking to him. The chaplain resolved to try the
experiment, and obtaining access to the mad-
man conversed with him for an hour or more,
during the whole of which time he never utte-
red a word that was incoherent or absurd, but,
on the contrary, spoke so rationally that the
chaplain was compelled to believe him to be
sane. Among other things, he said the governor
was against him, not to lose the presents his
relations made him for reporting him still mad
but with lucid intervals; and that the worst foe
he had in his misfortune was his large proper-
ty; for in order to enjoy it his enemies dispara-
ged and threw doubts upon the mercy our
Lord had shown him in turning him from a
brute beast into a man. In short, he spoke in
such a way that he cast suspicion on the gover-
nor, and made his relations appear covetous
and heartless, and himself so rational that the
chaplain determined to take him away with
him that the Archbishop might see him, and
ascertain for himself the truth of the matter.
Yielding to this conviction, the worthy chaplain
begged the governor to have the clothes in
which the licentiate had entered the house gi-
ven to him. The governor again bade him be-
ware of what he was doing, as the licentiate
was beyond a doubt still mad; but all his cau-
tions and warnings were unavailing to dissua-
de the chaplain from taking him away. The
governor, seeing that it was the order of the
Archbishop, obeyed, and they dressed the li-
centiate in his own clothes, which were new
and decent. He, as soon as he saw himself clot-
hed like one in his senses, and divested of the
appearance of a madman, entreated the cha-
plain to permit him in charity to go and take
leave of his comrades the madmen. The cha-
plain said he would go with him to see what
madmen there were in the house; so they went
upstairs, and with them some of those who
were present. Approaching a cage in which
there was a furious madman, though just at
that moment calm and quiet, the licentiate said
to him, 'Brother, think if you have any com-
mands for me, for I am going home, as God has
been pleased, in his infinite goodness and mer-
cy, without any merit of mine, to restore me my
reason. I am now cured and in my senses, for
with God's power nothing is impossible. Have
strong hope and trust in him, for as he has res-
tored me to my original condition, so likewise
he will restore you if you trust in him. I will
take care to send you some good things to eat;
and be sure you eat them; for I would have you
know I am convinced, as one who has gone
through it, that all this madness of ours comes
of having the stomach empty and the brains
full of wind. Take courage! take courage! for
despondency in misfortune breaks down health
and brings on death.'
"To all these words of the licentiate another
madman in a cage opposite that of the furious
one was listening; and raising himself up from
an old mat on which he lay stark naked, he as-
ked in a loud voice who it was that was going
away cured and in his senses. The licentiate
answered, 'It is I, brother, who am going; I have
now no need to remain here any longer, for
which I return infinite thanks to Heaven that
has had so great mercy upon me.'
"'Mind what you are saying, licentiate; don't
let the devil deceive you,' replied the madman.
'Keep quiet, stay where you are, and you will
save yourself the trouble of coming back.'
 "'I know I am cured,' returned the licentiate,
'and that I shall not have to go stations again.'
"'You cured!' said the madman; 'well, we
shall see; God be with you; but I swear to you
by Jupiter, whose majesty I represent on earth,
that for this crime alone, which Seville is com-
mitting to-day in releasing you from this house,
and treating you as if you were in your senses, I
shall have to inflict such a punishment on it as
will be remembered for ages and ages, amen.
Dost thou not know, thou miserable little licen-
tiate, that I can do it, being, as I say, Jupiter the
Thunderer, who hold in my hands the fiery
bolts with which I am able and am wont to
threaten and lay waste the world? But in one
way only will I punish this ignorant town, and
that is by not raining upon it, nor on any part of
its district or territory, for three whole years, to
be reckoned from the day and moment when
this threat is pronounced. Thou free, thou cu-
red, thou in thy senses! and I mad, I disordered,
I bound! I will as soon think of sending rain as
of hanging myself.
"Those present stood listening to the words
and exclamations of the madman; but our licen-
tiate, turning to the chaplain and seizing him
by the hands, said to him, 'Be not uneasy, se-
nor; attach no importance to what this madman
has said; for if he is Jupiter and will not send
rain, I, who am Neptune, the father and god of
the waters, will rain as often as it pleases me
and may be needful.'
"The governor and the bystanders laughed,
and at their laughter the chaplain was half as-
hamed, and he replied, 'For all that, Senor Nep-
tune, it will not do to vex Senor Jupiter; remain
where you are, and some other day, when there
is a better opportunity and more time, we will
come back for you.' So they stripped the licen-
tiate, and he was left where he was; and that's
the end of the story."
"So that's the story, master barber," said Don
Quixote, "which came in so pat to the purpose
that you could not help telling it? Master sha-
ver, master shaver! how blind is he who cannot
see through a sieve. Is it possible that you do
not know that comparisons of wit with wit,
valour with valour, beauty with beauty, birth
with birth, are always odious and unwelcome?
I, master barber, am not Neptune, the god of
the waters, nor do I try to make anyone take me
for an astute man, for I am not one. My only
endeavour is to convince the world of the mis-
take it makes in not reviving in itself the happy
time when the order of knight-errantry was in
the field. But our depraved age does not deser-
ve to enjoy such a blessing as those ages enjo-
yed when knights-errant took upon their
shoulders the defence of kingdoms, the protec-
tion of damsels, the succour of orphans and
minors, the chastisement of the proud, and the
recompense of the humble. With the knights of
these days, for the most part, it is the damask,
brocade, and rich stuffs they wear, that rustle
as they go, not the chain mail of their armour;
no knight now-a-days sleeps in the open field
exposed to the inclemency of heaven, and in
full panoply from head to foot; no one now
takes a nap, as they call it, without drawing his
feet out of the stirrups, and leaning upon his
lance, as the knights-errant used to do; no one
now, issuing from the wood, penetrates yonder
mountains, and then treads the barren, lonely
shore of the sea—mostly a tempestuous and
stormy one—and finding on the beach a little
bark without oars, sail, mast, or tackling of any
kind, in the intrepidity of his heart flings him-
self into it and commits himself to the wrathful
billows of the deep sea, that one moment lift
him up to heaven and the next plunge him into
the depths; and opposing his breast to the irre-
sistible gale, finds himself, when he least ex-
pects it, three thousand leagues and more away
from the place where he embarked; and leaping
ashore in a remote and unknown land has ad-
ventures that deserve to be written, not on
parchment, but on brass. But now sloth
triumphs over energy, indolence over exertion,
vice over virtue, arrogance over courage, and
theory over practice in arms, which flourished
and shone only in the golden ages and in
knights-errant. For tell me, who was more vir-
tuous and more valiant than the famous Ama-
dis of Gaul? Who more discreet than Palmerin
of England? Who more gracious and easy than
Tirante el Blanco? Who more courtly than Li-
suarte of Greece? Who more slashed or slashing
than Don Belianis? Who more intrepid than
Perion of Gaul? Who more ready to face danger
than Felixmarte of Hircania? Who more sincere
than Esplandian? Who more impetuous than
Don Cirongilio of Thrace? Who more bold than
Rodamonte? Who more prudent than King
Sobrino? Who more daring than Reinaldos?
Who more invincible than Roland? and who
more gallant and courteous than Ruggiero,
from whom the dukes of Ferrara of the present
day are descended, according to Turpin in his
'Cosmography.' All these knights, and many
more that I could name, senor curate, were
knights-errant, the light and glory of chivalry.
These, or such as these, I would have to carry
out my plan, and in that case his Majesty would
find himself well served and would save great
expense, and the Turk would be left tearing his
beard. And so I will stay where I am, as the
chaplain does not take me away; and if Jupiter,
as the barber has told us, will not send rain,
here am I, and I will rain when I please. I say
this that Master Basin may know that I unders-
tand him."
"Indeed, Senor Don Quixote," said the bar-
ber, "I did not mean it in that way, and, so help
me God, my intention was good, and your
worship ought not to be vexed."
"As to whether I ought to be vexed or not,"
returned Don Quixote, "I myself am the best
judge."
Hereupon the curate observed, "I have hard-
ly said a word as yet; and I would gladly be
relieved of a doubt, arising from what Don
Quixote has said, that worries and works my
conscience."
"The senor curate has leave for more than
that," returned Don Quixote, "so he may decla-
re his doubt, for it is not pleasant to have a
doubt on one's conscience."
"Well then, with that permission," said the
curate, "I say my doubt is that, all I can do, I
cannot persuade myself that the whole pack of
knights-errant you, Senor Don Quixote, have
mentioned, were really and truly persons of
flesh and blood, that ever lived in the world; on
the contrary, I suspect it to be all fiction, fable,
and falsehood, and dreams told by men awa-
kened from sleep, or rather still half asleep."
"That is another mistake," replied Don
Quixote, "into which many have fallen who do
not believe that there ever were such knights in
the world, and I have often, with divers people
and on divers occasions, tried to expose this
almost universal error to the light of truth. So-
metimes I have not been successful in my pur-
pose, sometimes I have, supporting it upon the
shoulders of the truth; which truth is so clear
that I can almost say I have with my own eyes
seen Amadis of Gaul, who was a man of lofty
stature, fair complexion, with a handsome
though black beard, of a countenance between
gentle and stern in expression, sparing of
words, slow to anger, and quick to put it away
from him; and as I have depicted Amadis, so I
could, I think, portray and describe all the
knights-errant that are in all the histories in the
world; for by the perception I have that they
were what their histories describe, and by the
deeds they did and the dispositions they dis-
played, it is possible, with the aid of sound phi-
losophy, to deduce their features, complexion,
and stature."
"How big, in your worship's opinion, may
the giant Morgante have been,
Senor Don Quixote?" asked the barber.
"With regard to giants," replied Don Quixo-
te, "opinions differ as to whether there ever
were any or not in the world; but the Holy
Scripture, which cannot err by a jot from the
truth, shows us that there were, when it gives
us the history of that big Philistine, Goliath,
who was seven cubits and a half in height,
which is a huge size. Likewise, in the island of
Sicily, there have been found leg-bones and
arm-bones so large that their size makes it plain
that their owners were giants, and as tall as
great towers; geometry puts this fact beyond a
doubt. But, for all that, I cannot speak with cer-
tainty as to the size of Morgante, though I sus-
pect he cannot have been very tall; and I am
inclined to be of this opinion because I find in
the history in which his deeds are particularly
mentioned, that he frequently slept under a
roof and as he found houses to contain him, it
is clear that his bulk could not have been anyt-
hing excessive."
"That is true," said the curate, and yielding
to the enjoyment of hearing such nonsense, he
asked him what was his notion of the features
of Reinaldos of Montalban, and Don Roland
and the rest of the Twelve Peers of France, for
they were all knights-errant.
"As for Reinaldos," replied Don Quixote, "I
venture to say that he was broad-faced, of rud-
dy complexion, with roguish and somewhat
prominent eyes, excessively punctilious and
touchy, and given to the society of thieves and
scapegraces. With regard to Roland, or Roto-
lando, or Orlando (for the histories call him by
all these names), I am of opinion, and hold, that
he was of middle height, broad-shouldered,
rather bow-legged, swarthy-complexioned,
red-bearded, with a hairy body and a severe
expression of countenance, a man of few
words, but very polite and well-bred."
"If Roland was not a more graceful person
than your worship has described," said the cu-
rate, "it is no wonder that the fair Lady Angeli-
ca rejected him and left him for the gaiety, live-
liness, and grace of that budding-bearded little
Moor to whom she surrendered herself; and
she showed her sense in falling in love with the
gentle softness of Medoro rather than the
roughness of Roland."
"That Angelica, senor curate," returned Don
Quixote, "was a giddy damsel, flighty and so-
mewhat wanton, and she left the world as full
of her vagaries as of the fame of her beauty. She
treated with scorn a thousand gentlemen, men
of valour and wisdom, and took up with a
smooth-faced sprig of a page, without fortune
or fame, except such reputation for gratitude as
the affection he bore his friend got for him. The
great poet who sang her beauty, the famous
Ariosto, not caring to sing her adventures after
her contemptible surrender (which probably
were not over and above creditable), dropped
her where he says:
How she received the sceptre of Cathay,
Some bard of defter quill may sing some day;
and this was no doubt a kind of prophecy,
for poets are also called vates, that is to say di-
viners; and its truth was made plain; for since
then a famous Andalusian poet has lamented
and sung her tears, and another famous and
rare poet, a Castilian, has sung her beauty."
"Tell me, Senor Don Quixote," said the bar-
ber here, "among all those who praised her, has
there been no poet to write a satire on this Lady
Angelica?"
"I can well believe," replied Don Quixote,
"that if Sacripante or Roland had been poets
they would have given the damsel a trimming;
for it is naturally the way with poets who have
been scorned and rejected by their ladies,
whether fictitious or not, in short by those
whom they select as the ladies of their
thoughts, to avenge themselves in satires and
libels—a vengeance, to be sure, unworthy of
generous hearts; but up to the present I have
not heard of any defamatory verse against the
Lady Angelica, who turned the world upside
down."
"Strange," said the curate; but at this mo-
ment they heard the housekeeper and the niece,
who had previously withdrawn from the con-
versation, exclaiming aloud in the courtyard,
and at the noise they all ran out.

CHAPTER II.

WHICH TREATS OF THE NOTABLE

ALTERCATION WHICH SANCHO
PANZA HAD WITH DON QUIXOTE'S
NIECE, AND HOUSEKEEPER, TO-
GETHER WITH OTHER DROLL MAT-
TERS

The history relates that the outcry Don

Quixote, the curate, and the barber heard came
from the niece and the housekeeper exclaiming
to Sancho, who was striving to force his way in
to see Don Quixote while they held the door
against him, "What does the vagabond want in
this house? Be off to your own, brother, for it is
you, and no one else, that delude my master,
and lead him astray, and take him tramping
about the country."
To which Sancho replied, "Devil's own hou-
sekeeper! it is I who am deluded, and led as-
tray, and taken tramping about the country,
and not thy master! He has carried me all over
the world, and you are mightily mistaken. He
enticed me away from home by a trick, promi-
sing me an island, which I am still waiting for."
"May evil islands choke thee, thou detestable
Sancho," said the niece; "What are islands? Is it
something to eat, glutton and gormandiser that
thou art?"
"It is not something to eat," replied Sancho,
"but something to govern and rule, and better
than four cities or four judgeships at court."
 "For all that," said the housekeeper, "you
don't enter here, you bag of mischief and sack
of knavery; go govern your house and dig your
seed-patch, and give over looking for islands or
shylands."
The curate and the barber listened with gre-
at amusement to the words of the three; but
Don Quixote, uneasy lest Sancho should blab
and blurt out a whole heap of mischievous stu-
pidities, and touch upon points that might not
be altogether to his credit, called to him and
made the other two hold their tongues and let
him come in. Sancho entered, and the curate
and the barber took their leave of Don Quixote,
of whose recovery they despaired when they
saw how wedded he was to his crazy ideas,
and how saturated with the nonsense of his
unlucky chivalry; and said the curate to the
barber, "You will see, gossip, that when we are
least thinking of it, our gentleman will be off
once more for another flight."
 "I have no doubt of it," returned the barber;
"but I do not wonder so much at the madness
of the knight as at the simplicity of the squire,
who has such a firm belief in all that about the
island, that I suppose all the exposures that
could be imagined would not get it out of his
head."
"God help them," said the curate; "and let us
be on the look-out to see what comes of all the-
se absurdities of the knight and squire, for it
seems as if they had both been cast in the same
mould, and the madness of the master without
the simplicity of the man would not be worth a
farthing."
"That is true," said the barber, "and I should
like very much to know what the pair are tal-
king about at this moment."
"I promise you," said the curate, "the niece or
the housekeeper will tell us by-and-by, for they
are not the ones to forget to listen."
Meanwhile Don Quixote shut himself up in
his room with Sancho, and when they were
alone he said to him, "It grieves me greatly,
Sancho, that thou shouldst have said, and sa-
yest, that I took thee out of thy cottage, when
thou knowest I did not remain in my house. We
sallied forth together, we took the road toget-
her, we wandered abroad together; we have
had the same fortune and the same luck; if they
blanketed thee once, they belaboured me a
hundred times, and that is the only advantage I
have of thee."
"That was only reasonable," replied Sancho,
"for, by what your worship says, misfortunes
belong more properly to knights-errant than to
their squires."
"Thou art mistaken, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "according to the maxim quando ca-
put dolet, etc."
"I don't understand any language but my
own," said Sancho.
"I mean to say," said Don Quixote, "that
when the head suffers all the members suffer;
and so, being thy lord and master, I am thy
head, and thou a part of me as thou art my ser-
vant; and therefore any evil that affects or shall
affect me should give thee pain, and what af-
fects thee give pain to me."
"It should be so," said Sancho; "but when I
was blanketed as a member, my head was on
the other side of the wall, looking on while I
was flying through the air, and did not feel any
pain whatever; and if the members are obliged
to feel the suffering of the head, it should be
obliged to feel their sufferings."
"Dost thou mean to say now, Sancho," said
Don Quixote, "that I did not feel when they
were blanketing thee? If thou dost, thou must
not say so or think so, for I felt more pain then
in spirit than thou didst in body. But let us put
that aside for the present, for we shall have
opportunities enough for considering and set-
tling the point; tell me, Sancho my friend, what
do they say about me in the village here? What
do the common people think of me? What do
the hidalgos? What do the caballeros? What do
they say of my valour; of my achievements; of
my courtesy? How do they treat the task I have
undertaken in reviving and restoring to the
world the now forgotten order of chivalry? In
short, Sancho, I would have thee tell me all that
has come to thine ears on this subject; and thou
art to tell me, without adding anything to the
good or taking away anything from the bad; for
it is the duty of loyal vassals to tell the truth to
their lords just as it is and in its proper shape,
not allowing flattery to add to it or any idle
deference to lessen it. And I would have thee
know, Sancho, that if the naked truth, undis-
guised by flattery, came to the ears of princes,
times would be different, and other ages would
be reckoned iron ages more than ours, which I
hold to be the golden of these latter days. Profit
by this advice, Sancho, and report to me clearly
and faithfully the truth of what thou knowest
touching what I have demanded of thee."
"That I will do with all my heart, master,"
replied Sancho, "provided your worship will
not be vexed at what I say, as you wish me to
say it out in all its nakedness, without putting
any more clothes on it than it came to my
knowledge in."
"I will not be vexed at all," returned Don
Quixote; "thou mayest speak freely, Sancho,
and without any beating about the bush."
"Well then," said he, "first of all, I have to tell
you that the common people consider your
worship a mighty great madman, and me no
less a fool. The hidalgos say that, not keeping
within the bounds of your quality of gentle-
man, you have assumed the 'Don,' and made a
knight of yourself at a jump, with four vine-
stocks and a couple of acres of land, and never
a shirt to your back. The caballeros say they do
not want to have hidalgos setting up in opposi-
tion to them, particularly squire hidalgos who
polish their own shoes and darn their black
stockings with green silk."
"That," said Don Quixote, "does not apply to
me, for I always go well dressed and never pat-
ched; ragged I may be, but ragged more from
the wear and tear of arms than of time."
"As to your worship's valour, courtesy, ac-
complishments, and task, there is a variety of
opinions. Some say, 'mad but droll;' others,
'valiant but unlucky;' others, 'courteous but
meddling,' and then they go into such a num-
ber of things that they don't leave a whole bone
either in your worship or in myself."
"Recollect, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that
wherever virtue exists in an eminent degree it
is persecuted. Few or none of the famous men
that have lived escaped being calumniated by
malice. Julius Caesar, the boldest, wisest, and
bravest of captains, was charged with being
ambitious, and not particularly cleanly in his
dress, or pure in his morals. Of Alexander,
whose deeds won him the name of Great, they
say that he was somewhat of a drunkard. Of
Hercules, him of the many labours, it is said
that he was lewd and luxurious. Of Don Gala-
or, the brother of Amadis of Gaul, it was whis-
pered that he was over quarrelsome, and of his
brother that he was lachrymose. So that, O San-
cho, amongst all these calumnies against good
men, mine may be let pass, since they are no
more than thou hast said."
"That's just where it is, body of my father!"
"Is there more, then?" asked Don Quixote.
"There's the tail to be skinned yet," said San-
cho; "all so far is cakes and fancy bread; but if
your worship wants to know all about the ca-
lumnies they bring against you, I will fetch you
one this instant who can tell you the whole of
them without missing an atom; for last night
the son of Bartholomew Carrasco, who has be-
en studying at Salamanca, came home after
having been made a bachelor, and when I went
to welcome him, he told me that your worship's
history is already abroad in books, with the title
of THE INGENIOUS GENTLEMAN DON
QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA; and he says they
mention me in it by my own name of Sancho
Panza, and the lady Dulcinea del Toboso too,
and divers things that happened to us when we
were alone; so that I crossed myself in my
wonder how the historian who wrote them
down could have known them."
"I promise thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"the author of our history will be some sage
enchanter; for to such nothing that they choose
to write about is hidden."
"What!" said Sancho, "a sage and an enchan-
ter! Why, the bachelor Samson Carrasco (that is
the name of him I spoke of) says the author of
the history is called Cide Hamete Berengena."
"That is a Moorish name," said Don Quixote.
"May be so," replied Sancho; "for I have
heard say that the Moors are mostly great lo-
vers of berengenas."
"Thou must have mistaken the surname of
this 'Cide'—which means in
Arabic 'Lord'—Sancho," observed Don Quixote.
"Very likely," replied Sancho, "but if your
worship wishes me to fetch the bachelor I will
go for him in a twinkling."
 "Thou wilt do me a great pleasure, my
friend," said Don Quixote, "for what thou hast
told me has amazed me, and I shall not eat a
morsel that will agree with me until I have
heard all about it."
"Then I am off for him," said Sancho; and
leaving his master he went in quest of the ba-
chelor, with whom he returned in a short time,
and, all three together, they had a very droll
colloquy.

CHAPTER III.

OF THE LAUGHABLE CONVERSA-

TION THAT PASSED BETWEEN DON
QUIXOTE, SANCHO PANZA, AND
THE BACHELOR SAMSON CARRAS-
CO

Don Quixote remained very deep in

thought, waiting for the bachelor Carrasco,
from whom he was to hear how he himself had
been put into a book as Sancho said; and he
could not persuade himself that any such histo-
ry could be in existence, for the blood of the
enemies he had slain was not yet dry on the
blade of his sword, and now they wanted to
make out that his mighty achievements were
going about in print. For all that, he fancied
some sage, either a friend or an enemy, might,
by the aid of magic, have given them to the
press; if a friend, in order to magnify and exalt
them above the most famous ever achieved by
any knight-errant; if an enemy, to bring them to
naught and degrade them below the meanest
ever recorded of any low squire, though as he
said to himself, the achievements of squires
never were recorded. If, however, it were the
fact that such a history were in existence, it
must necessarily, being the story of a knight-
errant, be grandiloquent, lofty, imposing, grand
and true. With this he comforted himself so-
mewhat, though it made him uncomfortable to
think that the author was a Moor, judging by
the title of "Cide;" and that no truth was to be
looked for from Moors, as they are all impos-
tors, cheats, and schemers. He was afraid he
might have dealt with his love affairs in some
indecorous fashion, that might tend to the dis-
credit and prejudice of the purity of his lady
Dulcinea del Toboso; he would have had him
set forth the fidelity and respect he had always
observed towards her, spurning queens, em-
presses, and damsels of all sorts, and keeping
in check the impetuosity of his natural impul-
ses. Absorbed and wrapped up in these and
divers other cogitations, he was found by San-
cho and Carrasco, whom Don Quixote received
with great courtesy.
 The bachelor, though he was called Samson,
was of no great bodily size, but he was a very
great wag; he was of a sallow complexion, but
very sharp-witted, somewhere about four-and-
twenty years of age, with a round face, a flat
nose, and a large mouth, all indications of a
mischievous disposition and a love of fun and
jokes; and of this he gave a sample as soon as
he saw Don Quixote, by falling on his knees
before him and saying, "Let me kiss your migh-
tiness's hand, Senor Don Quixote of La Man-
cha, for, by the habit of St. Peter that I wear,
though I have no more than the first four or-
ders, your worship is one of the most famous
knights-errant that have ever been, or will be,
all the world over. A blessing on Cide Hamete
Benengeli, who has written the history of your
great deeds, and a double blessing on that con-
noisseur who took the trouble of having it
translated out of the Arabic into our Castilian
vulgar tongue for the universal entertainment
of the people!"
 Don Quixote made him rise, and said, "So,
then, it is true that there is a history of me, and
that it was a Moor and a sage who wrote it?"
"So true is it, senor," said Samson, "that my
belief is there are more than twelve thousand
volumes of the said history in print this very
day. Only ask Portugal, Barcelona, and Valen-
cia, where they have been printed, and moreo-
ver there is a report that it is being printed at
Antwerp, and I am persuaded there will not be
a country or language in which there will not
be a translation of it."
"One of the things," here observed Don
Quixote, "that ought to give most pleasure to a
virtuous and eminent man is to find himself in
his lifetime in print and in type, familiar in
people's mouths with a good name; I say with a
good name, for if it be the opposite, then there
is no death to be compared to it."
"If it goes by good name and fame," said the
bachelor, "your worship alone bears away the
palm from all the knights-errant; for the Moor
in his own language, and the Christian in his,
have taken care to set before us your gallantry,
your high courage in encountering dangers,
your fortitude in adversity, your patience un-
der misfortunes as well as wounds, the purity
and continence of the platonic loves of your
worship and my lady Dona Dulcinea del Tobo-
so-"
"I never heard my lady Dulcinea called Do-
na," observed Sancho here; "nothing more than
the lady Dulcinea del Toboso; so here already
the history is wrong."
"That is not an objection of any importance,"
replied Carrasco.
"Certainly not," said Don Quixote; "but tell
me, senor bachelor, what deeds of mine are
they that are made most of in this history?"
"On that point," replied the bachelor, "opi-
nions differ, as tastes do; some swear by the
adventure of the windmills that your worship
took to be Briareuses and giants; others by that
of the fulling mills; one cries up the description
of the two armies that afterwards took the ap-
pearance of two droves of sheep; another that
of the dead body on its way to be buried at Se-
govia; a third says the liberation of the galley
slaves is the best of all, and a fourth that not-
hing comes up to the affair with the Benedicti-
ne giants, and the battle with the valiant Bisca-
yan."
"Tell me, senor bachelor," said Sancho at this
point, "does the adventure with the Yangue-
sans come in, when our good Rocinante went
hankering after dainties?"
"The sage has left nothing in the ink-bottle,"
replied Samson; "he tells all and sets down eve-
rything, even to the capers that worthy Sancho
cut in the blanket."
"I cut no capers in the blanket," returned
Sancho; "in the air I did, and more of them than
I liked."
"There is no human history in the world, I
suppose," said Don Quixote, "that has not its
ups and downs, but more than others such as
deal with chivalry, for they can never be entire-
ly made up of prosperous adventures."
"For all that," replied the bachelor, "there are
those who have read the history who say they
would have been glad if the author had left out
some of the countless cudgellings that were
inflicted on Senor Don Quixote in various en-
counters."
"That's where the truth of the history comes
in," said Sancho.
"At the same time they might fairly have
passed them over in silence," observed Don
Quixote; "for there is no need of recording
events which do not change or affect the truth
of a history, if they tend to bring the hero of it
into contempt. AEneas was not in truth and
earnest so pious as Virgil represents him, nor
Ulysses so wise as Homer describes him."
"That is true," said Samson; "but it is one
thing to write as a poet, another to write as a
historian; the poet may describe or sing things,
not as they were, but as they ought to have be-
en; but the historian has to write them down,
not as they ought to have been, but as they we-
re, without adding anything to the truth or ta-
king anything from it."
"Well then," said Sancho, "if this senor Moor
goes in for telling the truth, no doubt among
my master's drubbings mine are to be found;
for they never took the measure of his wors-
hip's shoulders without doing the same for my
whole body; but I have no right to wonder at
that, for, as my master himself says, the mem-
bers must share the pain of the head."
"You are a sly dog, Sancho," said Don
Quixote; "i' faith, you have no want of memory
when you choose to remember."
"If I were to try to forget the thwacks they
gave me," said Sancho, "my weals would not let
me, for they are still fresh on my ribs."
"Hush, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and
don't interrupt the bachelor, whom
I entreat to go on and tell all that is said about
me in this history."
 "And about me," said Sancho, "for they say,
too, that I am one of the principal presonages in
it."
"Personages, not presonages, friend Sancho,"
said Samson.
"What! Another word-catcher!" said Sancho;
"if that's to be the way we shall not make an
end in a lifetime."
"May God shorten mine, Sancho," returned
the bachelor, "if you are not the second person
in the history, and there are even some who
would rather hear you talk than the cleverest in
the whole book; though there are some, too,
who say you showed yourself over-credulous
in believing there was any possibility in the
government of that island offered you by Senor
Don Quixote."
"There is still sunshine on the wall," said
Don Quixote; "and when Sancho is somewhat
more advanced in life, with the experience that
years bring, he will be fitter and better qualified
for being a governor than he is at present."
 "By God, master," said Sancho, "the island
that I cannot govern with the years I have, I'll
not be able to govern with the years of Met-
huselah; the difficulty is that the said island
keeps its distance somewhere, I know not whe-
re; and not that there is any want of head in me
to govern it."
"Leave it to God, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"for all will be and perhaps better than you
think; no leaf on the tree stirs but by God's
will."
"That is true," said Samson; "and if it be
God's will, there will not be any want of a
thousand islands, much less one, for Sancho to
govern."
"I have seen governors in these parts," said
Sancho, "that are not to be compared to my
shoe-sole; and for all that they are called 'your
lordship' and served on silver."
"Those are not governors of islands," obser-
ved Samson, "but of other governments of an
easier kind: those that govern islands must at
least know grammar."
"I could manage the gram well enough," said
Sancho; "but for the mar I have neither leaning
nor liking, for I don't know what it is; but lea-
ving this matter of the government in God's
hands, to send me wherever it may be most to
his service, I may tell you, senor bachelor Sam-
son Carrasco, it has pleased me beyond measu-
re that the author of this history should have
spoken of me in such a way that what is said of
me gives no offence; for, on the faith of a true
squire, if he had said anything about me that
was at all unbecoming an old Christian, such as
I am, the deaf would have heard of it."
"That would be working miracles," said
Samson.
"Miracles or no miracles," said Sancho, "let
everyone mind how he speaks or writes about
people, and not set down at random the first
thing that comes into his head."
 "One of the faults they find with this histo-
ry," said the bachelor, "is that its author inser-
ted in it a novel called 'The Ill-advised Curiosi-
ty;' not that it is bad or ill-told, but that it is out
of place and has nothing to do with the history
of his worship Senor Don Quixote."
"I will bet the son of a dog has mixed the
cabbages and the baskets," said Sancho.
"Then, I say," said Don Quixote, "the author
of my history was no sage, but some ignorant
chatterer, who, in a haphazard and heedless
way, set about writing it, let it turn out as it
might, just as Orbaneja, the painter of Ubeda,
used to do, who, when they asked him what he
was painting, answered, 'What it may turn out.'
Sometimes he would paint a cock in such a fas-
hion, and so unlike, that he had to write along-
side of it in Gothic letters, 'This is a cock; and so
it will be with my history, which will require a
commentary to make it intelligible."
"No fear of that," returned Samson, "for it is
so plain that there is nothing in it to puzzle
over; the children turn its leaves, the young
people read it, the grown men understand it,
the old folk praise it; in a word, it is so thum-
bed, and read, and got by heart by people of all
sorts, that the instant they see any lean hack,
they say, 'There goes Rocinante.' And those that
are most given to reading it are the pages, for
there is not a lord's ante-chamber where there
is not a 'Don Quixote' to be found; one takes it
up if another lays it down; this one pounces
upon it, and that begs for it. In short, the said
history is the most delightful and least inju-
rious entertainment that has been hitherto seen,
for there is not to be found in the whole of it
even the semblance of an immodest word, or a
thought that is other than Catholic."
"To write in any other way," said Don
Quixote, "would not be to write truth, but fal-
sehood, and historians who have recourse to
falsehood ought to be burned, like those who
coin false money; and I know not what could
have led the author to have recourse to novels
and irrelevant stories, when he had so much to
write about in mine; no doubt he must have
gone by the proverb 'with straw or with hay,
etc,' for by merely setting forth my thoughts,
my sighs, my tears, my lofty purposes, my en-
terprises, he might have made a volume as lar-
ge, or larger than all the works of El Tostado
would make up. In fact, the conclusion I arrive
at, senor bachelor, is, that to write histories, or
books of any kind, there is need of great judg-
ment and a ripe understanding. To give expres-
sion to humour, and write in a strain of grace-
ful pleasantry, is the gift of great geniuses. The
cleverest character in comedy is the clown, for
he who would make people take him for a fool,
must not be one. History is in a measure a sa-
cred thing, for it should be true, and where the
truth is, there God is; but notwithstanding this,
there are some who write and fling books bro-
adcast on the world as if they were fritters."
"There is no book so bad but it has somet-
hing good in it," said the bachelor.
 "No doubt of that," replied Don Quixote;
"but it often happens that those who have ac-
quired and attained a well-deserved reputation
by their writings, lose it entirely, or damage it
in some degree, when they give them to the
press."
"The reason of that," said Samson, "is, that as
printed works are examined leisurely, their
faults are easily seen; and the greater the fame
of the writer, the more closely are they scrutini-
sed. Men famous for their genius, great poets,
illustrious historians, are always, or most
commonly, envied by those who take a particu-
lar delight and pleasure in criticising the wri-
tings of others, without having produced any
of their own."
"That is no wonder," said Don Quixote; "for
there are many divines who are no good for the
pulpit, but excellent in detecting the defects or
excesses of those who preach."
"All that is true, Senor Don Quixote," said
Carrasco; "but I wish such fault-finders were
more lenient and less exacting, and did not pay
so much attention to the spots on the bright sun
of the work they grumble at; for if aliquando
bonus dormitat Homerus, they should remem-
ber how long he remained awake to shed the
light of his work with as little shade as possible;
and perhaps it may be that what they find fault
with may be moles, that sometimes heighten
the beauty of the face that bears them; and so I
say very great is the risk to which he who
prints a book exposes himself, for of all impos-
sibilities the greatest is to write one that will
satisfy and please all readers."
"That which treats of me must have pleased
few," said Don Quixote.
"Quite the contrary," said the bachelor; "for,
as stultorum infinitum est numerus, innumera-
ble are those who have relished the said histo-
ry; but some have brought a charge against the
author's memory, inasmuch as he forgot to say
who the thief was who stole Sancho's Dapple;
for it is not stated there, but only to be inferred
from what is set down, that he was stolen, and
a little farther on we see Sancho mounted on
the same ass, without any reappearance of it.
They say, too, that he forgot to state what San-
cho did with those hundred crowns that he
found in the valise in the Sierra Morena, as he
never alludes to them again, and there are ma-
ny who would be glad to know what he did
with them, or what he spent them on, for it is
one of the serious omissions of the work."
"Senor Samson, I am not in a humour now
for going into accounts or explanations," said
Sancho; "for there's a sinking of the stomach
come over me, and unless I doctor it with a
couple of sups of the old stuff it will put me on
the thorn of Santa Lucia. I have it at home, and
my old woman is waiting for me; after dinner
I'll come back, and will answer you and all the
world every question you may choose to ask, as
well about the loss of the ass as about the spen-
ding of the hundred crowns;" and without
another word or waiting for a reply he made
off home.
Don Quixote begged and entreated the ba-
chelor to stay and do penance with him. The
bachelor accepted the invitation and remained,
a couple of young pigeons were added to the
ordinary fare, at dinner they talked chivalry,
Carrasco fell in with his host's humour, the
banquet came to an end, they took their after-
noon sleep, Sancho returned, and their conver-
sation was resumed.

CHAPTER IV.

IN WHICH SANCHO PANZA GIVES

A SATISFACTORY REPLY TO THE
DOUBTS AND QUESTIONS OF THE
BACHELOR SAMSON CARRASCO,
TOGETHER WITH OTHER MATTERS
WORTH KNOWING AND TELLING

Sancho came back to Don Quixote's house,

and returning to the late subject of conversa-
tion, he said, "As to what Senor Samson said,
that he would like to know by whom, or how,
or when my ass was stolen, I say in reply that
the same night we went into the Sierra Morena,
flying from the Holy Brotherhood after that
unlucky adventure of the galley slaves, and the
other of the corpse that was going to Segovia,
my master and I ensconced ourselves in a thic-
ket, and there, my master leaning on his lance,
and I seated on my Dapple, battered and weary
with the late frays we fell asleep as if it had
been on four feather mattresses; and I in parti-
cular slept so sound, that, whoever he was, he
was able to come and prop me up on four sta-
kes, which he put under the four corners of the
pack-saddle in such a way that he left me
mounted on it, and took away Dapple from
under me without my feeling it."
"That is an easy matter," said Don Quixote,
"and it is no new occurrence, for the same thing
happened to Sacripante at the siege of Albracca;
the famous thief, Brunello, by the same contri-
vance, took his horse from between his legs."
"Day came," continued Sancho, "and the
moment I stirred the stakes gave way and I fell
to the ground with a mighty come down; I loo-
ked about for the ass, but could not see him; the
tears rushed to my eyes and I raised such a la-
mentation that, if the author of our history has
not put it in, he may depend upon it he has left
out a good thing. Some days after, I know not
how many, travelling with her ladyship the
Princess Micomicona, I saw my ass, and moun-
ted upon him, in the dress of a gipsy, was that
Gines de Pasamonte, the great rogue and rascal
that my master and I freed from the chain."
 "That is not where the mistake is," replied
Samson; "it is, that before the ass has turned up,
the author speaks of Sancho as being mounted
on it."
"I don't know what to say to that," said San-
cho, "unless that the historian made a mistake,
or perhaps it might be a blunder of the prin-
ter's."
"No doubt that's it," said Samson; "but what
became of the hundred crowns? Did they va-
nish?"
To which Sancho answered, "I spent them
for my own good, and my wife's, and my chil-
dren's, and it is they that have made my wife
bear so patiently all my wanderings on high-
ways and byways, in the service of my master,
Don Quixote; for if after all this time I had co-
me back to the house without a rap and wit-
hout the ass, it would have been a poor look-
out for me; and if anyone wants to know anyt-
hing more about me, here I am, ready to ans-
wer the king himself in person; and it is no af-
fair of anyone's whether I took or did not take,
whether I spent or did not spend; for the
whacks that were given me in these journeys
were to be paid for in money, even if they were
valued at no more than four maravedis apiece,
another hundred crowns would not pay me for
half of them. Let each look to himself and not
try to make out white black, and black white;
for each of us is as God made him, aye, and
often worse."
"I will take care," said Carrasco, "to impress
upon the author of the history that, if he prints
it again, he must not forget what worthy San-
cho has said, for it will raise it a good span hig-
her."
"Is there anything else to correct in the histo-
ry, senor bachelor?" asked
Don Quixote.
"No doubt there is," replied he; "but not
anything that will be of the same importance as
those I have mentioned."
 "Does the author promise a second part at
all?" said Don Quixote.
"He does promise one," replied Samson; "but
he says he has not found it, nor does he know
who has got it; and we cannot say whether it
will appear or not; and so, on that head, as so-
me say that no second part has ever been good,
and others that enough has been already writ-
ten about Don Quixote, it is thought there will
be no second part; though some, who are jovial
rather than saturnine, say, 'Let us have more
Quixotades, let Don Quixote charge and San-
cho chatter, and no matter what it may turn
out, we shall be satisfied with that.'"
"And what does the author mean to do?"
said Don Quixote.
"What?" replied Samson; "why, as soon as he
has found the history which he is now sear-
ching for with extraordinary diligence, he will
at once give it to the press, moved more by the
profit that may accrue to him from doing so
than by any thought of praise."
 Whereat Sancho observed, "The author looks
for money and profit, does he? It will be a
wonder if he succeeds, for it will be only hurry,
hurry, with him, like the tailor on Easter Eve;
and works done in a hurry are never finished
as perfectly as they ought to be. Let master Mo-
or, or whatever he is, pay attention to what he
is doing, and I and my master will give him as
much grouting ready to his hand, in the way of
adventures and accidents of all sorts, as would
make up not only one second part, but a hun-
dred. The good man fancies, no doubt, that we
are fast asleep in the straw here, but let him
hold up our feet to be shod and he will see
which foot it is we go lame on. All I say is, that
if my master would take my advice, we would
be now afield, redressing outrages and righting
wrongs, as is the use and custom of good
knights-errant."
Sancho had hardly uttered these words
when the neighing of Rocinante fell upon their
ears, which neighing Don Quixote accepted as
a happy omen, and he resolved to make anot-
her sally in three or four days from that time.
Announcing his intention to the bachelor, he
asked his advice as to the quarter in which he
ought to commence his expedition, and the
bachelor replied that in his opinion he ought to
go to the kingdom of Aragon, and the city of
Saragossa, where there were to be certain so-
lemn joustings at the festival of St. George, at
which he might win renown above all the
knights of Aragon, which would be winning it
above all the knights of the world. He com-
mended his very praiseworthy and gallant re-
solution, but admonished him to proceed with
greater caution in encountering dangers, be-
cause his life did not belong to him, but to all
those who had need of him to protect and aid
them in their misfortunes.
"There's where it is, what I abominate, Senor
Samson," said Sancho here; "my master will
attack a hundred armed men as a greedy boy
would half a dozen melons. Body of the world,
senor bachelor! there is a time to attack and a
time to retreat, and it is not to be always 'San-
tiago, and close Spain!' Moreover, I have heard
it said (and I think by my master himself, if I
remember rightly) that the mean of valour lies
between the extremes of cowardice and rash-
ness; and if that be so, I don't want him to fly
without having good reason, or to attack when
the odds make it better not. But, above all
things, I warn my master that if he is to take me
with him it must be on the condition that he is
to do all the fighting, and that I am not to be
called upon to do anything except what con-
cerns keeping him clean and comfortable; in
this I will dance attendance on him readily; but
to expect me to draw sword, even against ras-
cally churls of the hatchet and hood, is idle. I
don't set up to be a fighting man, Senor Sam-
son, but only the best and most loyal squire
that ever served knight-errant; and if my mas-
ter Don Quixote, in consideration of my many
faithful services, is pleased to give me some
island of the many his worship says one may
stumble on in these parts, I will take it as a gre-
at favour; and if he does not give it to me, I was
born like everyone else, and a man must not
live in dependence on anyone except God; and
what is more, my bread will taste as well, and
perhaps even better, without a government
than if I were a governor; and how do I know
but that in these governments the devil may
have prepared some trip for me, to make me
lose my footing and fall and knock my grinders
out? Sancho I was born and Sancho I mean to
die. But for all that, if heaven were to make me
a fair offer of an island or something else of the
kind, without much trouble and without much
risk, I am not such a fool as to refuse it; for they
say, too, 'when they offer thee a heifer, run with
a halter; and 'when good luck comes to thee,
take it in.'"
"Brother Sancho," said Carrasco, "you have
spoken like a professor; but, for all that, put
your trust in God and in Senor Don Quixote,
for he will give you a kingdom, not to say an
island."
"It is all the same, be it more or be it less,"
replied Sancho; "though I can tell Senor Carras-
co that my master would not throw the king-
dom he might give me into a sack all in holes;
for I have felt my own pulse and I find myself
sound enough to rule kingdoms and govern
islands; and I have before now told my master
as much."
"Take care, Sancho," said Samson; "honours
change manners, and perhaps when you find
yourself a governor you won't know the mot-
her that bore you."
"That may hold good of those that are born
in the ditches," said Sancho, "not of those who
have the fat of an old Christian four fingers
deep on their souls, as I have. Nay, only look at
my disposition, is that likely to show ingratitu-
de to anyone?"
 "God grant it," said Don Quixote; "we shall
see when the government comes; and I seem to
see it already."
He then begged the bachelor, if he were a
poet, to do him the favour of composing some
verses for him conveying the farewell he meant
to take of his lady Dulcinea del Toboso, and to
see that a letter of her name was placed at the
beginning of each line, so that, at the end of the
verses, "Dulcinea del Toboso" might be read by
putting together the first letters. The bachelor
replied that although he was not one of the
famous poets of Spain, who were, they said,
only three and a half, he would not fail to com-
pose the required verses; though he saw a great
difficulty in the task, as the letters which made
up the name were seventeen; so, if he made
four ballad stanzas of four lines each, there
would be a letter over, and if he made them of
five, what they called decimas or redondillas,
there were three letters short; nevertheless he
would try to drop a letter as well as he could,
so that the name "Dulcinea del Toboso" might
be got into four ballad stanzas.
"It must be, by some means or other," said
Don Quixote, "for unless the name stands there
plain and manifest, no woman would believe
the verses were made for her."
They agreed upon this, and that the depar-
ture should take place in three days from that
time. Don Quixote charged the bachelor to keep
it a secret, especially from the curate and Mas-
ter Nicholas, and from his niece and the house-
keeper, lest they should prevent the execution
of his praiseworthy and valiant purpose. Ca-
rrasco promised all, and then took his leave,
charging Don Quixote to inform him of his go-
od or evil fortunes whenever he had an oppor-
tunity; and thus they bade each other farewell,
and Sancho went away to make the necessary
preparations for their expedition.
 CHAPTER V.

OF THE SHREWD AND DROLL

CONVERSATION THAT PASSED
BETWEEN SANCHO PANZA AND HIS
WIFE TERESA PANZA, AND OTHER
MATTERS WORTHY OF BEING DULY
RECORDED

The translator of this history, when he comes

to write this fifth chapter, says that he considers
it apocryphal, because in it Sancho Panza spe-
aks in a style unlike that which might have be-
en expected from his limited intelligence, and
says things so subtle that he does not think it
possible he could have conceived them; howe-
ver, desirous of doing what his task imposed
upon him, he was unwilling to leave it untrans-
lated, and therefore he went on to say:
 Sancho came home in such glee and spirits
that his wife noticed his happiness a bowshot
off, so much so that it made her ask him, "What
have you got, Sancho friend, that you are so
glad?"
To which he replied, "Wife, if it were God's
will, I should be very glad not to be so well
pleased as I show myself."
"I don't understand you, husband," said she,
"and I don't know what you mean by saying
you would be glad, if it were God's will, not to
be well pleased; for, fool as I am, I don't know
how one can find pleasure in not having it."
"Hark ye, Teresa," replied Sancho, "I am glad
because I have made up my mind to go back to
the service of my master Don Quixote, who
means to go out a third time to seek for adven-
tures; and I am going with him again, for my
necessities will have it so, and also the hope
that cheers me with the thought that I may find
another hundred crowns like those we have
spent; though it makes me sad to have to leave
thee and the children; and if God would be
pleased to let me have my daily bread, dry-
shod and at home, without taking me out into
the byways and cross-roads—and he could do
it at small cost by merely willing it—it is clear
my happiness would be more solid and lasting,
for the happiness I have is mingled with so-
rrow at leaving thee; so that I was right in sa-
ying I would be glad, if it were God's will, not
to be well pleased."
"Look here, Sancho," said Teresa; "ever since
you joined on to a knight-errant you talk in
such a roundabout way that there is no unders-
tanding you."
"It is enough that God understands me, wi-
fe," replied Sancho; "for he is the understander
of all things; that will do; but mind, sister, you
must look to Dapple carefully for the next three
days, so that he may be fit to take arms; double
his feed, and see to the pack-saddle and other
harness, for it is not to a wedding we are
bound, but to go round the world, and play at
give and take with giants and dragons and
monsters, and hear hissings and roarings and
bellowings and howlings; and even all this
would be lavender, if we had not to reckon
with Yanguesans and enchanted Moors."
"I know well enough, husband," said Teresa,
"that squires-errant don't eat their bread for
nothing, and so I will be always praying to our
Lord to deliver you speedily from all that hard
fortune."
"I can tell you, wife," said Sancho, "if I did
not expect to see myself governor of an island
before long, I would drop down dead on the
spot."
"Nay, then, husband," said Teresa; "let the
hen live, though it be with her pip, live, and let
the devil take all the governments in the world;
you came out of your mother's womb without a
government, you have lived until now without
a government, and when it is God's will you
will go, or be carried, to your grave without a
government. How many there are in the world
who live without a government, and continue
to live all the same, and are reckoned in the
number of the people. The best sauce in the
world is hunger, and as the poor are never wit-
hout that, they always eat with a relish. But
mind, Sancho, if by good luck you should find
yourself with some government, don't forget
me and your children. Remember that Sanchico
is now full fifteen, and it is right he should go
to school, if his uncle the abbot has a mind to
have him trained for the Church. Consider, too,
that your daughter Mari-Sancha will not die of
grief if we marry her; for I have my suspicions
that she is as eager to get a husband as you to
get a government; and, after all, a daughter
looks better ill married than well whored."
"By my faith," replied Sancho, "if God brings
me to get any sort of a government, I intend,
wife, to make such a high match for Mari-
Sancha that there will be no approaching her
without calling her 'my lady."
 "Nay, Sancho," returned Teresa; "marry her
to her equal, that is the safest plan; for if you
put her out of wooden clogs into high-heeled
shoes, out of her grey flannel petticoat into
hoops and silk gowns, out of the plain 'Marica'
and 'thou,' into 'Dona So-and-so' and 'my lady,'
the girl won't know where she is, and at every
turn she will fall into a thousand blunders that
will show the thread of her coarse homespun
stuff."
"Tut, you fool," said Sancho; "it will be only
to practise it for two or three years; and then
dignity and decorum will fit her as easily as a
glove; and if not, what matter? Let her he 'my
lady,' and never mind what happens."
"Keep to your own station, Sancho," replied
Teresa; "don't try to raise yourself higher, and
bear in mind the proverb that says, 'wipe the
nose of your neigbbour's son, and take him into
your house.' A fine thing it would be, indeed,
to marry our Maria to some great count or
grand gentleman, who, when the humour took
him, would abuse her and call her clown-bred
and clodhopper's daughter and spinning
wench. I have not been bringing up my daugh-
ter for that all this time, I can tell you, husband.
Do you bring home money, Sancho, and leave
marrying her to my care; there is Lope Tocho,
Juan Tocho's son, a stout, sturdy young fellow
that we know, and I can see he does not look
sour at the girl; and with him, one of our own
sort, she will be well married, and we shall
have her always under our eyes, and be all one
family, parents and children, grandchildren
and sons-in-law, and the peace and blessing of
God will dwell among us; so don't you go
marrying her in those courts and grand palaces
where they won't know what to make of her, or
she what to make of herself."
"Why, you idiot and wife for Barabbas," said
Sancho, "what do you mean by trying, without
why or wherefore, to keep me from marrying
my daughter to one who will give me grand-
children that will be called 'your lordship'? Lo-
ok ye, Teresa, I have always heard my elders
say that he who does not know how to take
advantage of luck when it comes to him, has no
right to complain if it gives him the go-by; and
now that it is knocking at our door, it will not
do to shut it out; let us go with the favouring
breeze that blows upon us."
It is this sort of talk, and what Sancho says
lower down, that made the translator of the
history say he considered this chapter apo-
cryphal.
"Don't you see, you animal," continued San-
cho, "that it will be well for me to drop into
some profitable government that will lift us out
of the mire, and marry Mari-Sancha to whom I
like; and you yourself will find yourself called
'Dona Teresa Panza,' and sitting in church on a
fine carpet and cushions and draperies, in spite
and in defiance of all the born ladies of the
town? No, stay as you are, growing neither
greater nor less, like a tapestry figure—Let us
say no more about it, for Sanchica shall be a
countess, say what you will."
"Are you sure of all you say, husband?" re-
plied Teresa. "Well, for all that, I am afraid this
rank of countess for my daughter will be her
ruin. You do as you like, make a duchess or a
princess of her, but I can tell you it will not be
with my will and consent. I was always a lover
of equality, brother, and I can't bear to see peo-
ple give themselves airs without any right.
They called me Teresa at my baptism, a plain,
simple name, without any additions or tags or
fringes of Dons or Donas; Cascajo was my fat-
her's name, and as I am your wife, I am called
Teresa Panza, though by right I ought to be
called Teresa Cascajo; but 'kings go where laws
like,' and I am content with this name without
having the 'Don' put on top of it to make it so
heavy that I cannot carry it; and I don't want to
make people talk about me when they see me
go dressed like a countess or governor's wife;
for they will say at once, 'See what airs the slut
gives herself! Only yesterday she was always
spinning flax, and used to go to mass with the
tail of her petticoat over her head instead of a
mantle, and there she goes to-day in a hooped
gown with her broaches and airs, as if we
didn't know her!' If God keeps me in my seven
senses, or five, or whatever number I have, I
am not going to bring myself to such a pass; go
you, brother, and be a government or an island
man, and swagger as much as you like; for by
the soul of my mother, neither my daughter nor
I are going to stir a step from our village; a res-
pectable woman should have a broken leg and
keep at home; and to be busy at something is a
virtuous damsel's holiday; be off to your ad-
ventures along with your Don Quixote, and
leave us to our misadventures, for God will
mend them for us according as we deserve it. I
don't know, I'm sure, who fixed the 'Don' to
him, what neither his father nor grandfather
ever had."
 "I declare thou hast a devil of some sort in
thy body!" said Sancho. "God help thee, what a
lot of things thou hast strung together, one after
the other, without head or tail! What have Cas-
cajo, and the broaches and the proverbs and the
airs, to do with what I say? Look here, fool and
dolt (for so I may call you, when you don't un-
derstand my words, and run away from good
fortune), if I had said that my daughter was to
throw herself down from a tower, or go roa-
ming the world, as the Infanta Dona Urraca
wanted to do, you would be right in not giving
way to my will; but if in an instant, in less than
the twinkling of an eye, I put the 'Don' and 'my
lady' on her back, and take her out of the stub-
ble, and place her under a canopy, on a dais,
and on a couch, with more velvet cushions than
all the Almohades of Morocco ever had in their
family, why won't you consent and fall in with
my wishes?"
"Do you know why, husband?" replied Tere-
sa; "because of the proverb that says 'who co-
vers thee, discovers thee.' At the poor man
people only throw a hasty glance; on the rich
man they fix their eyes; and if the said rich man
was once on a time poor, it is then there is the
sneering and the tattle and spite of backbiters;
and in the streets here they swarm as thick as
bees."
"Look here, Teresa," said Sancho, "and listen
to what I am now going to say to you; maybe
you never heard it in all your life; and I do not
give my own notions, for what I am about to
say are the opinions of his reverence the prea-
cher, who preached in this town last Lent, and
who said, if I remember rightly, that all things
present that our eyes behold, bring themselves
before us, and remain and fix themselves on
our memory much better and more forcibly
than things past."
These observations which Sancho makes
here are the other ones on account of which the
translator says he regards this chapter as apo-
cryphal, inasmuch as they are beyond Sancho's
capacity.
"Whence it arises," he continued, "that when
we see any person well dressed and making a
figure with rich garments and retinue of ser-
vants, it seems to lead and impel us perforce to
respect him, though memory may at the same
moment recall to us some lowly condition in
which we have seen him, but which, whether it
may have been poverty or low birth, being now
a thing of the past, has no existence; while the
only thing that has any existence is what we see
before us; and if this person whom fortune has
raised from his original lowly state (these were
the very words the padre used) to his present
height of prosperity, be well bred, generous,
courteous to all, without seeking to vie with
those whose nobility is of ancient date, depend
upon it, Teresa, no one will remember what he
was, and everyone will respect what he is, ex-
cept indeed the envious, from whom no fair
fortune is safe."
 "I do not understand you, husband," replied
Teresa; "do as you like, and don't break my
head with any more speechifying and rethoric;
and if you have revolved to do what you say-"
"Resolved, you should say, woman," said
Sancho, "not revolved."
"Don't set yourself to wrangle with me, hus-
band," said Teresa; "I speak as God pleases, and
don't deal in out-of-the-way phrases; and I say
if you are bent upon having a government, take
your son Sancho with you, and teach him from
this time on how to hold a government; for
sons ought to inherit and learn the trades of
their fathers."
"As soon as I have the government," said
Sancho, "I will send for him by post, and I will
send thee money, of which I shall have no lack,
for there is never any want of people to lend it
to governors when they have not got it; and do
thou dress him so as to hide what he is and
make him look what he is to be."
 "You send the money," said Teresa, "and I'll
dress him up for you as fine as you please."
"Then we are agreed that our daughter is to
be a countess," said Sancho.
"The day that I see her a countess," replied
Teresa, "it will be the same to me as if I was
burying her; but once more I say do as you
please, for we women are born to this burden
of being obedient to our husbands, though they
be dogs;" and with this she began to weep in
earnest, as if she already saw Sanchica dead
and buried.
Sancho consoled her by saying that though
he must make her a countess, he would put it
off as long as possible. Here their conversation
came to an end, and Sancho went back to see
Don Quixote, and make arrangements for their
departure.
 CHAPTER VI.

OF WHAT TOOK PLACE BETWEEN

DON QUIXOTE AND HIS NIECE AND
HOUSEKEEPER; ONE OF THE MOST
IMPORTANT CHAPTERS IN THE
WHOLE HISTORY

While Sancho Panza and his wife, Teresa

Cascajo, held the above irrelevant conversation,
Don Quixote's niece and housekeeper were not
idle, for by a thousand signs they began to per-
ceive that their uncle and master meant to give
them the slip the third time, and once more
betake himself to his, for them, ill-errant chival-
ry. They strove by all the means in their power
to divert him from such an unlucky scheme;
but it was all preaching in the desert and ham-
mering cold iron. Nevertheless, among many
other representations made to him, the house-
keeper said to him, "In truth, master, if you do
not keep still and stay quiet at home, and give
over roaming mountains and valleys like a
troubled spirit, looking for what they say are
called adventures, but what I call misfortunes, I
shall have to make complaint to God and the
king with loud supplication to send some re-
medy."
To which Don Quixote replied, "What ans-
wer God will give to your complaints, house-
keeper, I know not, nor what his Majesty will
answer either; I only know that if I were king I
should decline to answer the numberless silly
petitions they present every day; for one of the
greatest among the many troubles kings have is
being obliged to listen to all and answer all,
and therefore I should be sorry that any affairs
of mine should worry him."
Whereupon the housekeeper said, "Tell us,
senor, at his Majesty's court are there no
knights?"
 "There are," replied Don Quixote, "and plen-
ty of them; and it is right there should be, to set
off the dignity of the prince, and for the greater
glory of the king's majesty."
"Then might not your worship," said she, "be
one of those that, without stirring a step, serve
their king and lord in his court?"
"Recollect, my friend," said Don Quixote, "all
knights cannot be courtiers, nor can all cour-
tiers be knights-errant, nor need they be. There
must be all sorts in the world; and though we
may be all knights, there is a great difference
between one and another; for the courtiers,
without quitting their chambers, or the thres-
hold of the court, range the world over by loo-
king at a map, without its costing them a fart-
hing, and without suffering heat or cold, hun-
ger or thirst; but we, the true knights-errant,
measure the whole earth with our own feet,
exposed to the sun, to the cold, to the air, to the
inclemencies of heaven, by day and night, on
foot and on horseback; nor do we only know
enemies in pictures, but in their own real sha-
pes; and at all risks and on all occasions we
attack them, without any regard to childish
points or rules of single combat, whether one
has or has not a shorter lance or sword, whet-
her one carries relics or any secret contrivance
about him, whether or not the sun is to be divi-
ded and portioned out, and other niceties of the
sort that are observed in set combats of man to
man, that you know nothing about, but I do.
And you must know besides, that the true
knight-errant, though he may see ten giants,
that not only touch the clouds with their heads
but pierce them, and that go, each of them, on
two tall towers by way of legs, and whose arms
are like the masts of mighty ships, and each eye
like a great mill-wheel, and glowing brighter
than a glass furnace, must not on any account
be dismayed by them. On the contrary, he must
attack and fall upon them with a gallant bea-
ring and a fearless heart, and, if possible, van-
quish and destroy them, even though they have
for armour the shells of a certain fish, that they
say are harder than diamonds, and in place of
swords wield trenchant blades of Damascus
steel, or clubs studded with spikes also of steel,
such as I have more than once seen. All this I
say, housekeeper, that you may see the diffe-
rence there is between the one sort of knight
and the other; and it would be well if there we-
re no prince who did not set a higher value on
this second, or more properly speaking first,
kind of knights-errant; for, as we read in their
histories, there have been some among them
who have been the salvation, not merely of one
kingdom, but of many."
"Ah, senor," here exclaimed the niece, "re-
member that all this you are saying about
knights-errant is fable and fiction; and their
histories, if indeed they were not burned,
would deserve, each of them, to have a sambe-
nito put on it, or some mark by which it might
be known as infamous and a corrupter of good
manners."
 "By the God that gives me life," said Don
Quixote, "if thou wert not my full niece, being
daughter of my own sister, I would inflict a
chastisement upon thee for the blasphemy thou
hast uttered that all the world should ring with.
What! can it be that a young hussy that hardly
knows how to handle a dozen lace-bobbins
dares to wag her tongue and criticise the histo-
ries of knights-errant? What would Senor
Amadis say if he heard of such a thing? He,
however, no doubt would forgive thee, for he
was the most humble-minded and courteous
knight of his time, and moreover a great protec-
tor of damsels; but some there are that might
have heard thee, and it would not have been
well for thee in that case; for they are not all
courteous or mannerly; some are ill-
conditioned scoundrels; nor is it everyone that
calls himself a gentleman, that is so in all res-
pects; some are gold, others pinchbeck, and all
look like gentlemen, but not all can stand the
touchstone of truth. There are men of low rank
who strain themselves to bursting to pass for
gentlemen, and high gentlemen who, one
would fancy, were dying to pass for men of low
rank; the former raise themselves by their am-
bition or by their virtues, the latter debase
themselves by their lack of spirit or by their
vices; and one has need of experience and dis-
cernment to distinguish these two kinds of gen-
tlemen, so much alike in name and so different
in conduct."
"God bless me!" said the niece, "that you
should know so much, uncle—enough, if need
be, to get up into a pulpit and go preach in the
streets—and yet that you should fall into a de-
lusion so great and a folly so manifest as to try
to make yourself out vigorous when you are
old, strong when you are sickly, able to put
straight what is crooked when you yourself are
bent by age, and, above all, a caballero when
you are not one; for though gentlefolk may be
so, poor men are nothing of the kind!"
 "There is a great deal of truth in what you
say, niece," returned Don Quixote, "and I could
tell you somewhat about birth that would asto-
nish you; but, not to mix up things human and
divine, I refrain. Look you, my dears, all the
lineages in the world (attend to what I am sa-
ying) can be reduced to four sorts, which are
these: those that had humble beginnings, and
went on spreading and extending themselves
until they attained surpassing greatness; those
that had great beginnings and maintained
them, and still maintain and uphold the great-
ness of their origin; those, again, that from a
great beginning have ended in a point like a
pyramid, having reduced and lessened their
original greatness till it has come to nought,
like the point of a pyramid, which, relatively to
its base or foundation, is nothing; and then the-
re are those—and it is they that are the most
numerous—that have had neither an illustrious
beginning nor a remarkable mid-course, and so
will have an end without a name, like an ordi-
nary plebeian line. Of the first, those that had
an humble origin and rose to the greatness they
still preserve, the Ottoman house may serve as
an example, which from an humble and lowly
shepherd, its founder, has reached the height at
which we now see it. For examples of the se-
cond sort of lineage, that began with greatness
and maintains it still without adding to it, there
are the many princes who have inherited the
dignity, and maintain themselves in their in-
heritance, without increasing or diminishing it,
keeping peacefully within the limits of their
states. Of those that began great and ended in a
point, there are thousands of examples, for all
the Pharaohs and Ptolemies of Egypt, the Cae-
sars of Rome, and the whole herd (if I may such
a word to them) of countless princes, monarchs,
lords, Medes, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and
barbarians, all these lineages and lordships
have ended in a point and come to nothing,
they themselves as well as their founders, for it
would be impossible now to find one of their
descendants, and, even should we find one, it
would be in some lowly and humble condition.
Of plebeian lineages I have nothing to say, save
that they merely serve to swell the number of
those that live, without any eminence to entitle
them to any fame or praise beyond this. From
all I have said I would have you gather, my
poor innocents, that great is the confusion
among lineages, and that only those are seen to
be great and illustrious that show themselves
so by the virtue, wealth, and generosity of their
possessors. I have said virtue, wealth, and ge-
nerosity, because a great man who is vicious
will be a great example of vice, and a rich man
who is not generous will be merely a miserly
beggar; for the possessor of wealth is not made
happy by possessing it, but by spending it, and
not by spending as he pleases, but by knowing
how to spend it well. The poor gentleman has
no way of showing that he is a gentleman but
by virtue, by being affable, well-bred, courte-
ous, gentle-mannered, and kindly, not haughty,
arrogant, or censorious, but above all by being
charitable; for by two maravedis given with a
cheerful heart to the poor, he will show himself
as generous as he who distributes alms with
bell-ringing, and no one that perceives him to
be endowed with the virtues I have named,
even though he know him not, will fail to re-
cognise and set him down as one of good blo-
od; and it would be strange were it not so; prai-
se has ever been the reward of virtue, and those
who are virtuous cannot fail to receive com-
mendation. There are two roads, my daughters,
by which men may reach wealth and honours;
one is that of letters, the other that of arms. I
have more of arms than of letters in my compo-
sition, and, judging by my inclination to arms,
was born under the influence of the planet
Mars. I am, therefore, in a measure constrained
to follow that road, and by it I must travel in
spite of all the world, and it will be labour in
vain for you to urge me to resist what heaven
wills, fate ordains, reason requires, and, above
all, my own inclination favours; for knowing as
I do the countless toils that are the accompani-
ments of knight-errantry, I know, too, the infi-
nite blessings that are attained by it; I know
that the path of virtue is very narrow, and the
road of vice broad and spacious; I know their
ends and goals are different, for the broad and
easy road of vice ends in death, and the narrow
and toilsome one of virtue in life, and not tran-
sitory life, but in that which has no end; I know,
as our great Castilian poet says, that—
It is by rugged paths like these they go
That scale the heights of immortality,
Unreached by those that falter here below."
"Woe is me!" exclaimed the niece, "my lord is
a poet, too! He knows everything, and he can
do everything; I will bet, if he chose to turn
mason, he could make a house as easily as a
cage."
"I can tell you, niece," replied Don Quixote,
"if these chivalrous thoughts did not engage all
my faculties, there would be nothing that I
could not do, nor any sort of knickknack that
would not come from my hands, particularly
cages and tooth-picks."
At this moment there came a knocking at the
door, and when they asked who was there,
Sancho Panza made answer that it was he. The
instant the housekeeper knew who it was, she
ran to hide herself so as not to see him; in such
abhorrence did she hold him. The niece let him
in, and his master Don Quixote came forward
to receive him with open arms, and the pair
shut themselves up in his room, where they
had another conversation not inferior to the
previous one.
 CHAPTER VII.

OF WHAT PASSED BETWEEN DON

QUIXOTE AND HIS SQUIRE, TO-
GETHER WITH OTHER VERY NOTA-
BLE INCIDENTS

The instant the housekeeper saw Sancho

Panza shut himself in with her master, she
guessed what they were about; and suspecting
that the result of the consultation would be a
resolve to undertake a third sally, she seized
her mantle, and in deep anxiety and distress,
ran to find the bachelor Samson Carrasco, as
she thought that, being a well-spoken man, and
a new friend of her master's, he might be able
to persuade him to give up any such crazy no-
tion. She found him pacing the patio of his
house, and, perspiring and flurried, she fell at
his feet the moment she saw him.
Carrasco, seeing how distressed and over-
come she was, said to her, "What is this, mis-
tress housekeeper? What has happened to you?
One would think you heart-broken."
"Nothing, Senor Samson," said she, "only
that my master is breaking out, plainly brea-
king out."
"Whereabouts is he breaking out, senora?"
asked Samson; "has any part of his body burst?"
"He is only breaking out at the door of his
madness," she replied; "I mean, dear senor ba-
chelor, that he is going to break out again (and
this will be the third time) to hunt all over the
world for what he calls ventures, though I can't
make out why he gives them that name. The
first time he was brought back to us slung
across the back of an ass, and belaboured all
over; and the second time he came in an ox-
cart, shut up in a cage, in which he persuaded
himself he was enchanted, and the poor creatu-
re was in such a state that the mother that bore
him would not have known him; lean, yellow,
with his eyes sunk deep in the cells of his skull;
so that to bring him round again, ever so little,
cost me more than six hundred eggs, as God
knows, and all the world, and my hens too, that
won't let me tell a lie."
"That I can well believe," replied the bache-
lor, "for they are so good and so fat, and so
well-bred, that they would not say one thing
for another, though they were to burst for it. In
short then, mistress housekeeper, that is all,
and there is nothing the matter, except what it
is feared Don Quixote may do?"
"No, senor," said she.
"Well then," returned the bachelor, "don't be
uneasy, but go home in peace; get me ready
something hot for breakfast, and while you are
on the way say the prayer of Santa Apollonia,
that is if you know it; for I will come presently
and you will see miracles."
 "Woe is me," cried the housekeeper, "is it the
prayer of Santa Apollonia you would have me
say? That would do if it was the toothache my
master had; but it is in the brains, what he has
got."
"I know what I am saying, mistress house-
keeper; go, and don't set yourself to argue with
me, for you know I am a bachelor of Salaman-
ca, and one can't be more of a bachelor than
that," replied Carrasco; and with this the hou-
sekeeper retired, and the bachelor went to look
for the curate, and arrange with him what will
be told in its proper place.
While Don Quixote and Sancho were shut
up together, they had a discussion which the
history records with great precision and scru-
pulous exactness. Sancho said to his master,
"Senor, I have educed my wife to let me go with
your worship wherever you choose to take me."
"Induced, you should say, Sancho," said Don
Quixote; "not educed."
 "Once or twice, as well as I remember," re-
plied Sancho, "I have begged of your worship
not to mend my words, if so be as you unders-
tand what I mean by them; and if you don't
understand them to say 'Sancho,' or 'devil,' 'I
don't understand thee; and if I don't make my
meaning plain, then you may correct me, for I
am so focile-"
"I don't understand thee, Sancho," said Don
Quixote at once; "for I know not what 'I am so
focile' means."
"'So focile' means I am so much that way,"
replied Sancho.
"I understand thee still less now," said Don
Quixote.
"Well, if you can't understand me," said San-
cho, "I don't know how to put it; I know no
more, God help me."
"Oh, now I have hit it," said Don Quixote;
"thou wouldst say thou art so docile, tractable,
and gentle that thou wilt take what I say to
thee, and submit to what I teach thee."
 "I would bet," said Sancho, "that from the
very first you understood me, and knew what I
meant, but you wanted to put me out that you
might hear me make another couple of dozen
blunders."
"May be so," replied Don Quixote; "but to
come to the point, what does
Teresa say?"
"Teresa says," replied Sancho, "that I should
make sure with your worship, and 'let papers
speak and beards be still,' for 'he who binds
does not wrangle,' since one 'take' is better than
two 'I'll give thee's;' and I say a woman's advice
is no great thing, and he who won't take it is a
fool."
"And so say I," said Don Quixote; "continue,
Sancho my friend; go on; you talk pearls to-
day."
"The fact is," continued Sancho, "that, as
your worship knows better than I do, we are all
of us liable to death, and to-day we are, and to-
morrow we are not, and the lamb goes as soon
as the sheep, and nobody can promise himself
more hours of life in this world than God may
be pleased to give him; for death is deaf, and
when it comes to knock at our life's door, it is
always urgent, and neither prayers, nor strug-
gles, nor sceptres, nor mitres, can keep it back,
as common talk and report say, and as they tell
us from the pulpits every day."
"All that is very true," said Don Quixote;
"but I cannot make out what thou art driving
at."
"What I am driving at," said Sancho, "is that
your worship settle some fixed wages for me,
to be paid monthly while I am in your service,
and that the same he paid me out of your esta-
te; for I don't care to stand on rewards which
either come late, or ill, or never at all; God help
me with my own. In short, I would like to
know what I am to get, be it much or little; for
the hen will lay on one egg, and many littles
make a much, and so long as one gains somet-
hing there is nothing lost. To be sure, if it
should happen (what I neither believe nor ex-
pect) that your worship were to give me that
island you have promised me, I am not so un-
grateful nor so grasping but that I would be
willing to have the revenue of such island va-
lued and stopped out of my wages in due pro-
motion."
"Sancho, my friend," replied Don Quixote,
"sometimes proportion may be as good as
promotion."
"I see," said Sancho; "I'll bet I ought to have
said proportion, and not promotion; but it is no
matter, as your worship has understood me."
"And so well understood," returned Don
Quixote, "that I have seen into the depths of thy
thoughts, and know the mark thou art shooting
at with the countless shafts of thy proverbs.
Look here, Sancho, I would readily fix thy wa-
ges if I had ever found any instance in the his-
tories of the knights-errant to show or indicate,
by the slightest hint, what their squires used to
get monthly or yearly; but I have read all or the
best part of their histories, and I cannot re-
member reading of any knight-errant having
assigned fixed wages to his squire; I only know
that they all served on reward, and that when
they least expected it, if good luck attended
their masters, they found themselves recom-
pensed with an island or something equivalent
to it, or at the least they were left with a title
and lordship. If with these hopes and additio-
nal inducements you, Sancho, please to return
to my service, well and good; but to suppose
that I am going to disturb or unhinge the an-
cient usage of knight-errantry, is all nonsense.
And so, my Sancho, get you back to your house
and explain my intentions to your Teresa, and
if she likes and you like to be on reward with
me, bene quidem; if not, we remain friends; for
if the pigeon-house does not lack food, it will
not lack pigeons; and bear in mind, my son,
that a good hope is better than a bad holding,
and a good grievance better than a bad com-
pensation. I speak in this way, Sancho, to show
you that I can shower down proverbs just as
well as yourself; and in short, I mean to say,
and I do say, that if you don't like to come on
reward with me, and run the same chance that I
run, God be with you and make a saint of you;
for I shall find plenty of squires more obedient
and painstaking, and not so thickheaded or
talkative as you are."
When Sancho heard his master's firm, reso-
lute language, a cloud came over the sky with
him and the wings of his heart drooped, for he
had made sure that his master would not go
without him for all the wealth of the world; and
as he stood there dumbfoundered and moody,
Samson Carrasco came in with the housekeeper
and niece, who were anxious to hear by what
arguments he was about to dissuade their mas-
ter from going to seek adventures. The arch
wag Samson came forward, and embracing him
as he had done before, said with a loud voice,
"O flower of knight-errantry! O shining light of
arms! O honour and mirror of the Spanish na-
tion! may God Almighty in his infinite power
grant that any person or persons, who would
impede or hinder thy third sally, may find no
way out of the labyrinth of their schemes, nor
ever accomplish what they most desire!" And
then, turning to the housekeeper, he said, "Mis-
tress housekeeper may just as well give over
saying the prayer of Santa Apollonia, for I
know it is the positive determination of the
spheres that Senor Don Quixote shall proceed
to put into execution his new and lofty designs;
and I should lay a heavy burden on my cons-
cience did I not urge and persuade this knight
not to keep the might of his strong arm and the
virtue of his valiant spirit any longer curbed
and checked, for by his inactivity he is defrau-
ding the world of the redress of wrongs, of the
protection of orphans, of the honour of virgins,
of the aid of widows, and of the support of wi-
ves, and other matters of this kind appertai-
ning, belonging, proper and peculiar to the
order of knight-errantry. On, then, my lord Don
Quixote, beautiful and brave, let your worship
and highness set out to-day rather than to-
morrow; and if anything be needed for the exe-
cution of your purpose, here am I ready in per-
son and purse to supply the want; and were it
requisite to attend your magnificence as squire,
I should esteem it the happiest good fortune."
At this, Don Quixote, turning to Sancho,
said, "Did I not tell thee, Sancho, there would
be squires enough and to spare for me? See
now who offers to become one; no less than the
illustrious bachelor Samson Carrasco, the per-
petual joy and delight of the courts of the Sala-
mancan schools, sound in body, discreet, pa-
tient under heat or cold, hunger or thirst, with
all the qualifications requisite to make a knight-
errant's squire! But heaven forbid that, to grati-
fy my own inclination, I should shake or shatter
this pillar of letters and vessel of the sciences,
and cut down this towering palm of the fair
and liberal arts. Let this new Samson remain in
his own country, and, bringing honour to it,
bring honour at the same time on the grey
heads of his venerable parents; for I will be con-
tent with any squire that comes to hand, as
Sancho does not deign to accompany me."
"I do deign," said Sancho, deeply moved and
with tears in his eyes; "it shall not be said of me,
master mine," he continued, "'the bread eaten
and the company dispersed.' Nay, I come of no
ungrateful stock, for all the world knows, but
particularly my own town, who the Panzas
from whom I am descended were; and, what is
more, I know and have learned, by many good
words and deeds, your worship's desire to
show me favour; and if I have been bargaining
more or less about my wages, it was only to
please my wife, who, when she sets herself to
press a point, no hammer drives the hoops of a
cask as she drives one to do what she wants;
but, after all, a man must be a man, and a wo-
man a woman; and as I am a man anyhow,
which I can't deny, I will be one in my own
house too, let who will take it amiss; and so
there's nothing more to do but for your wors-
hip to make your will with its codicil in such a
way that it can't be provoked, and let us set out
at once, to save Senor Samson's soul from suffe-
ring, as he says his conscience obliges him to
persuade your worship to sally out upon the
world a third time; so I offer again to serve
your worship faithfully and loyally, as well and
better than all the squires that served knights-
errant in times past or present."
The bachelor was filled with amazement
when he heard Sancho's phraseology and style
of talk, for though he had read the first part of
his master's history he never thought that he
could be so droll as he was there described; but
now, hearing him talk of a "will and codicil that
could not be provoked," instead of "will and
codicil that could not be revoked," he believed
all he had read of him, and set him down as
one of the greatest simpletons of modern times;
and he said to himself that two such lunatics as
master and man the world had never seen. In
fine, Don Quixote and Sancho embraced one
another and made friends, and by the advice
and with the approval of the great Carrasco,
who was now their oracle, it was arranged that
their departure should take place three days
thence, by which time they could have all that
was requisite for the journey ready, and procu-
re a closed helmet, which Don Quixote said he
must by all means take. Samson offered him
one, as he knew a friend of his who had it
would not refuse it to him, though it was more
dingy with rust and mildew than bright and
clean like burnished steel.
The curses which both housekeeper and nie-
ce poured out on the bachelor were past coun-
ting; they tore their hair, they clawed their fa-
ces, and in the style of the hired mourners that
were once in fashion, they raised a lamentation
over the departure of their master and uncle, as
if it had been his death. Samson's intention in
persuading him to sally forth once more was to
do what the history relates farther on; all by the
advice of the curate and barber, with whom he
had previously discussed the subject. Finally,
then, during those three days, Don Quixote and
Sancho provided themselves with what they
considered necessary, and Sancho having paci-
fied his wife, and Don Quixote his niece and
housekeeper, at nightfall, unseen by anyone
except the bachelor, who thought fit to accom-
pany them half a league out of the village, they
set out for El Toboso, Don Quixote on his good
Rocinante and Sancho on his old Dapple, his
alforjas furnished with certain matters in the
way of victuals, and his purse with money that
Don Quixote gave him to meet emergencies.
Samson embraced him, and entreated him to let
him hear of his good or evil fortunes, so that he
might rejoice over the former or condole with
him over the latter, as the laws of friendship
required. Don Quixote promised him he would
do so, and Samson returned to the village, and
the other two took the road for the great city of
El Toboso.
 CHAPTER VIII.

WHEREIN IS RELATED WHAT BE-

FELL DON QUIXOTE ON HIS WAY
TO SEE HIS LADY DULCINEA DEL
TOBOSO

"Blessed be Allah the all-powerful!" says

Hamete Benengeli on beginning this eighth
chapter; "blessed be Allah!" he repeats three
times; and he says he utters these thanksgi-
vings at seeing that he has now got Don Quixo-
te and Sancho fairly afield, and that the readers
of his delightful history may reckon that the
achievements and humours of Don Quixote
and his squire are now about to begin; and he
urges them to forget the former chivalries of the
ingenious gentleman and to fix their eyes on
those that are to come, which now begin on the
road to El Toboso, as the others began on the
plains of Montiel; nor is it much that he asks in
consideration of all he promises, and so he goes
on to say:
Don Quixote and Sancho were left alone,
and the moment Samson took his departure,
Rocinante began to neigh, and Dapple to sigh,
which, by both knight and squire, was accepted
as a good sign and a very happy omen; though,
if the truth is to be told, the sighs and brays of
Dapple were louder than the neighings of the
hack, from which Sancho inferred that his good
fortune was to exceed and overtop that of his
master, building, perhaps, upon some judicial
astrology that he may have known, though the
history says nothing about it; all that can be
said is, that when he stumbled or fell, he was
heard to say he wished he had not come out,
for by stumbling or falling there was nothing to
be got but a damaged shoe or a broken rib; and,
fool as he was, he was not much astray in this.
 Said Don Quixote, "Sancho, my friend, night
is drawing on upon us as we go, and more dar-
kly than will allow us to reach El Toboso by
daylight; for there I am resolved to go before I
engage in another adventure, and there I shall
obtain the blessing and generous permission of
the peerless Dulcinea, with which permission I
expect and feel assured that I shall conclude
and bring to a happy termination every peri-
lous adventure; for nothing in life makes
knights-errant more valorous than finding
themselves favoured by their ladies."
"So I believe," replied Sancho; "but I think it
will be difficult for your worship to speak with
her or see her, at any rate where you will be
able to receive her blessing; unless, indeed, she
throws it over the wall of the yard where I saw
her the time before, when I took her the letter
that told of the follies and mad things your
worship was doing in the heart of Sierra More-
na."
 "Didst thou take that for a yard wall, San-
cho," said Don Quixote, "where or at which
thou sawest that never sufficiently extolled
grace and beauty? It must have been the galle-
ry, corridor, or portico of some rich and royal
palace."
"It might have been all that," returned San-
cho, "but to me it looked like a wall, unless I am
short of memory."
"At all events, let us go there, Sancho," said
Don Quixote; "for, so that I see her, it is the sa-
me to me whether it be over a wall, or at a win-
dow, or through the chink of a door, or the gra-
te of a garden; for any beam of the sun of her
beauty that reaches my eyes will give light to
my reason and strength to my heart, so that I
shall be unmatched and unequalled in wisdom
and valour."
"Well, to tell the truth, senor," said Sancho,
"when I saw that sun of the lady Dulcinea del
Toboso, it was not bright enough to throw out
beams at all; it must have been, that as her gra-
ce was sifting that wheat I told you of, the thick
dust she raised came before her face like a
cloud and dimmed it."
"What! dost thou still persist, Sancho," said
Don Quixote, "in saying, thinking, believing,
and maintaining that my lady Dulcinea was
sifting wheat, that being an occupation and task
entirely at variance with what is and should be
the employment of persons of distinction, who
are constituted and reserved for other avoca-
tions and pursuits that show their rank a
bowshot off? Thou hast forgotten, O Sancho,
those lines of our poet wherein he paints for us
how, in their crystal abodes, those four nymphs
employed themselves who rose from their lo-
ved Tagus and seated themselves in a verdant
meadow to embroider those tissues which the
ingenious poet there describes to us, how they
were worked and woven with gold and silk
and pearls; and something of this sort must
have been the employment of my lady when
thou sawest her, only that the spite which some
wicked enchanter seems to have against eve-
rything of mine changes all those things that
give me pleasure, and turns them into shapes
unlike their own; and so I fear that in that his-
tory of my achievements which they say is now
in print, if haply its author was some sage who
is an enemy of mine, he will have put one thing
for another, mingling a thousand lies with one
truth, and amusing himself by relating transac-
tions which have nothing to do with the se-
quence of a true history. O envy, root of all
countless evils, and cankerworm of the virtues!
All the vices, Sancho, bring some kind of plea-
sure with them; but envy brings nothing but
irritation, bitterness, and rage."
"So I say too," replied Sancho; "and I suspect
in that legend or history of us that the bachelor
Samson Carrasco told us he saw, my honour
goes dragged in the dirt, knocked about, up
and down, sweeping the streets, as they say.
And yet, on the faith of an honest man, I never
spoke ill of any enchanter, and I am not so well
off that I am to be envied; to be sure, I am rat-
her sly, and I have a certain spice of the rogue
in me; but all is covered by the great cloak of
my simplicity, always natural and never acted;
and if I had no other merit save that I believe,
as I always do, firmly and truly in God, and all
the holy Roman Catholic Church holds and
believes, and that I am a mortal enemy of the
Jews, the historians ought to have mercy on me
and treat me well in their writings. But let them
say what they like; naked was I born, naked I
find myself, I neither lose nor gain; nay, while I
see myself put into a book and passed on from
hand to hand over the world, I don't care a fig,
let them say what they like of me."
"That, Sancho," returned Don Quixote, "re-
minds me of what happened to a famous poet
of our own day, who, having written a bitter
satire against all the courtesan ladies, did not
insert or name in it a certain lady of whom it
was questionable whether she was one or not.
She, seeing she was not in the list of the poet,
asked him what he had seen in her that he did
not include her in the number of the others,
telling him he must add to his satire and put
her in the new part, or else look out for the con-
sequences. The poet did as she bade him, and
left her without a shred of reputation, and she
was satisfied by getting fame though it was
infamy. In keeping with this is what they relate
of that shepherd who set fire to the famous
temple of Diana, by repute one of the seven
wonders of the world, and burned it with the
sole object of making his name live in after
ages; and, though it was forbidden to name
him, or mention his name by word of mouth or
in writing, lest the object of his ambition should
be attained, nevertheless it became known that
he was called Erostratus. And something of the
same sort is what happened in the case of the
great emperor Charles V and a gentleman in
Rome. The emperor was anxious to see that
famous temple of the Rotunda, called in ancient
times the temple 'of all the gods,' but now-a-
days, by a better nomenclature, 'of all the
saints,' which is the best preserved building of
all those of pagan construction in Rome, and
the one which best sustains the reputation of
mighty works and magnificence of its founders.
It is in the form of a half orange, of enormous
dimensions, and well lighted, though no light
penetrates it save that which is admitted by a
window, or rather round skylight, at the top;
and it was from this that the emperor examined
the building. A Roman gentleman stood by his
side and explained to him the skilful construc-
tion and ingenuity of the vast fabric and its
wonderful architecture, and when they had left
the skylight he said to the emperor, 'A thou-
sand times, your Sacred Majesty, the impulse
came upon me to seize your Majesty in my
arms and fling myself down from yonder sky-
light, so as to leave behind me in the world a
name that would last for ever.' 'I am thankful to
you for not carrying such an evil thought into
effect,' said the emperor, 'and I shall give you
no opportunity in future of again putting your
loyalty to the test; and I therefore forbid you
ever to speak to me or to be where I am; and he
followed up these words by bestowing a liberal
bounty upon him. My meaning is, Sancho, that
the desire of acquiring fame is a very powerful
motive. What, thinkest thou, was it that flung
Horatius in full armour down from the bridge
into the depths of the Tiber? What burned the
hand and arm of Mutius? What impelled Cur-
tius to plunge into the deep burning gulf that
opened in the midst of Rome? What, in opposi-
tion to all the omens that declared against him,
made Julius Caesar cross the Rubicon? And to
come to more modern examples, what scuttled
the ships, and left stranded and cut off the ga-
llant Spaniards under the command of the most
courteous Cortes in the New World? All these
and a variety of other great exploits are, were
and will be, the work of fame that mortals desi-
re as a reward and a portion of the immortality
their famous deeds deserve; though we Cat-
holic Christians and knights-errant look more
to that future glory that is everlasting in the
ethereal regions of heaven than to the vanity of
the fame that is to be acquired in this present
transitory life; a fame that, however long it may
last, must after all end with the world itself,
which has its own appointed end. So that, O
Sancho, in what we do we must not overpass
the bounds which the Christian religion we
profess has assigned to us. We have to slay pri-
de in giants, envy by generosity and nobleness
of heart, anger by calmness of demeanour and
equanimity, gluttony and sloth by the spare-
ness of our diet and the length of our vigils, lust
and lewdness by the loyalty we preserve to
those whom we have made the mistresses of
our thoughts, indolence by traversing the
world in all directions seeking opportunities of
making ourselves, besides Christians, famous
knights. Such, Sancho, are the means by which
we reach those extremes of praise that fair fame
carries with it."
 "All that your worship has said so far," said
Sancho, "I have understood quite well; but still
I would be glad if your worship would dissolve
a doubt for me, which has just this minute co-
me into my mind."
"Solve, thou meanest, Sancho," said Don
Quixote; "say on, in God's name, and I will
answer as well as I can."
"Tell me, senor," Sancho went on to say,
"those Julys or Augusts, and all those ventu-
rous knights that you say are now dead—
where are they now?"
"The heathens," replied Don Quixote, "are,
no doubt, in hell; the Christians, if they were
good Christians, are either in purgatory or in
heaven."
"Very good," said Sancho; "but now I want
to know—the tombs where the bodies of those
great lords are, have they silver lamps before
them, or are the walls of their chapels ornamen-
ted with crutches, winding-sheets, tresses of
hair, legs and eyes in wax? Or what are they
ornamented with?"
To which Don Quixote made answer: "The
tombs of the heathens were generally sump-
tuous temples; the ashes of Julius Caesar's body
were placed on the top of a stone pyramid of
vast size, which they now call in Rome Saint
Peter's needle. The emperor Hadrian had for a
tomb a castle as large as a good-sized village,
which they called the Moles Adriani, and is
now the castle of St. Angelo in Rome. The que-
en Artemisia buried her husband Mausolus in a
tomb which was reckoned one of the seven
wonders of the world; but none of these tombs,
or of the many others of the heathens, were
ornamented with winding-sheets or any of tho-
se other offerings and tokens that show that
they who are buried there are saints."
"That's the point I'm coming to," said San-
cho; "and now tell me, which is the greater
work, to bring a dead man to life or to kill a
giant?"
 "The answer is easy," replied Don Quixote;
"it is a greater work to bring to life a dead
man."
"Now I have got you," said Sancho; "in that
case the fame of them who bring the dead to
life, who give sight to the blind, cure cripples,
restore health to the sick, and before whose
tombs there are lamps burning, and whose
chapels are filled with devout folk on their kne-
es adoring their relics be a better fame in this
life and in the other than that which all the
heathen emperors and knights-errant that have
ever been in the world have left or may leave
behind them?"
"That I grant, too," said Don Quixote.
"Then this fame, these favours, these privile-
ges, or whatever you call it," said Sancho, "be-
long to the bodies and relics of the saints who,
with the approbation and permission of our
holy mother Church, have lamps, tapers, win-
ding-sheets, crutches, pictures, eyes and legs,
by means of which they increase devotion and
add to their own Christian reputation. Kings
carry the bodies or relics of saints on their
shoulders, and kiss bits of their bones, and en-
rich and adorn their oratories and favourite
altars with them."
"What wouldst thou have me infer from all
thou hast said, Sancho?" asked
Don Quixote.
"My meaning is," said Sancho, "let us set
about becoming saints, and we shall obtain
more quickly the fair fame we are striving after;
for you know, senor, yesterday or the day befo-
re yesterday (for it is so lately one may say so)
they canonised and beatified two little barefoot
friars, and it is now reckoned the greatest good
luck to kiss or touch the iron chains with which
they girt and tortured their bodies, and they are
held in greater veneration, so it is said, than the
sword of Roland in the armoury of our lord the
King, whom God preserve. So that, senor, it is
better to be an humble little friar of no matter
what order, than a valiant knight-errant; with
God a couple of dozen of penance lashings are
of more avail than two thousand lance-thrusts,
be they given to giants, or monsters, or dra-
gons."
"All that is true," returned Don Quixote, "but
we cannot all be friars, and many are the ways
by which God takes his own to heaven; chival-
ry is a religion, there are sainted knights in glo-
ry."
"Yes," said Sancho, "but I have heard say
that there are more friars in heaven than
knights-errant."
"That," said Don Quixote, "is because those
in religious orders are more numerous than
knights."
"The errants are many," said Sancho.
"Many," replied Don Quixote, "but few they
who deserve the name of knights."
With these, and other discussions of the sa-
me sort, they passed that night and the follo-
wing day, without anything worth mention
happening to them, whereat Don Quixote was
not a little dejected; but at length the next day,
at daybreak, they descried the great city of El
Toboso, at the sight of which Don Quixote's
spirits rose and Sancho's fell, for he did not
know Dulcinea's house, nor in all his life had he
ever seen her, any more than his master; so that
they were both uneasy, the one to see her, the
other at not having seen her, and Sancho was at
a loss to know what he was to do when his
master sent him to El Toboso. In the end, Don
Quixote made up his mind to enter the city at
nightfall, and they waited until the time came
among some oak trees that were near El Tobo-
so; and when the moment they had agreed
upon arrived, they made their entrance into the
city, where something happened them that may
fairly be called something.
 CHAPTER IX.

WHEREIN IS RELATED WHAT

WILL BE SEEN THERE

'Twas at the very midnight hour—more or

less—when Don Quixote and Sancho quitted
the wood and entered El Toboso. The town was
in deep silence, for all the inhabitants were as-
leep, and stretched on the broad of their backs,
as the saying is. The night was darkish, though
Sancho would have been glad had it been quite
dark, so as to find in the darkness an excuse for
his blundering. All over the place nothing was
to be heard except the barking of dogs, which
deafened the ears of Don Quixote and troubled
the heart of Sancho. Now and then an ass bra-
yed, pigs grunted, cats mewed, and the various
noises they made seemed louder in the silence
of the night; all which the enamoured knight
took to be of evil omen; nevertheless he said to
Sancho, "Sancho, my son, lead on to the palace
of Dulcinea, it may be that we shall find her
awake."
"Body of the sun! what palace am I to lead
to," said Sancho, "when what I saw her high-
ness in was only a very little house?"
"Most likely she had then withdrawn into
some small apartment of her palace," said Don
Quixote, "to amuse herself with damsels, as
great ladies and princesses are accustomed to
do."
"Senor," said Sancho, "if your worship will
have it in spite of me that the house of my lady
Dulcinea is a palace, is this an hour, think you,
to find the door open; and will it be right for us
to go knocking till they hear us and open the
door; making a disturbance and confusion all
through the household? Are we going, do you
fancy, to the house of our wenches, like gallants
who come and knock and go in at any hour,
however late it may be?"
"Let us first of all find out the palace for cer-
tain," replied Don Quixote, "and then I will tell
thee, Sancho, what we had best do; but look,
Sancho, for either I see badly, or that dark mass
that one sees from here should be Dulcinea's
palace."
"Then let your worship lead the way," said
Sancho, "perhaps it may be so; though I see it
with my eyes and touch it with my hands, I'll
believe it as much as I believe it is daylight
now."
Don Quixote took the lead, and having gone
a matter of two hundred paces he came upon
the mass that produced the shade, and found it
was a great tower, and then he perceived that
the building in question was no palace, but the
chief church of the town, and said he, "It's the
church we have lit upon, Sancho."
"So I see," said Sancho, "and God grant we
may not light upon our graves; it is no good
sign to find oneself wandering in a graveyard
at this time of night; and that, after my telling
your worship, if I don't mistake, that the house
of this lady will be in an alley without an ou-
tlet."
"The curse of God on thee for a blockhead!"
said Don Quixote; "where hast thou ever heard
of castles and royal palaces being built in alleys
without an outlet?"
"Senor," replied Sancho, "every country has
a way of its own; perhaps here in El Toboso it is
the way to build palaces and grand buildings in
alleys; so I entreat your worship to let me se-
arch about among these streets or alleys before
me, and perhaps, in some corner or other, I
may stumble on this palace—and I wish I saw
the dogs eating it for leading us such a dance."
"Speak respectfully of what belongs to my
lady, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "let us keep
the feast in peace, and not throw the rope after
the bucket."
 "I'll hold my tongue," said Sancho, "but how
am I to take it patiently when your worship
wants me, with only once seeing the house of
our mistress, to know always, and find it in the
middle of the night, when your worship can't
find it, who must have seen it thousands of
times?"
"Thou wilt drive me to desperation, Sancho,"
said Don Quixote. "Look here, heretic, have I
not told thee a thousand times that I have never
once in my life seen the peerless Dulcinea or
crossed the threshold of her palace, and that I
am enamoured solely by hearsay and by the
great reputation she bears for beauty and dis-
cretion?"
"I hear it now," returned Sancho; "and I may
tell you that if you have not seen her, no more
have I."
"That cannot be," said Don Quixote, "for, at
any rate, thou saidst, on bringing back the ans-
wer to the letter I sent by thee, that thou sawest
her sifting wheat."
 "Don't mind that, senor," said Sancho; "I
must tell you that my seeing her and the ans-
wer I brought you back were by hearsay too,
for I can no more tell who the lady Dulcinea is
than I can hit the sky."
"Sancho, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "there
are times for jests and times when jests are out
of place; if I tell thee that I have neither seen
nor spoken to the lady of my heart, it is no rea-
son why thou shouldst say thou hast not spo-
ken to her or seen her, when the contrary is the
case, as thou well knowest."
While the two were engaged in this conver-
sation, they perceived some one with a pair of
mules approaching the spot where they stood,
and from the noise the plough made, as it
dragged along the ground, they guessed him to
be some labourer who had got up before day-
break to go to his work, and so it proved to be.
He came along singing the ballad that says—
Ill did ye fare, ye men of France, In Ronces-
valles chase—
 "May I die, Sancho," said Don Quixote, when
he heard him, "if any good will come to us to-
night! Dost thou not hear what that clown is
singing?"
"I do," said Sancho, "but what has Roncesva-
lles chase to do with what we have in hand? He
might just as well be singing the ballad of Ca-
lainos, for any good or ill that can come to us in
our business."
By this time the labourer had come up, and
Don Quixote asked him, "Can you tell me,
worthy friend, and God speed you, wherea-
bouts here is the palace of the peerless princess
Dona Dulcinea del Toboso?"
"Senor," replied the lad, "I am a stranger,
and I have been only a few days in the town,
doing farm work for a rich farmer. In that hou-
se opposite there live the curate of the village
and the sacristan, and both or either of them
will be able to give your worship some account
of this lady princess, for they have a list of all
the people of El Toboso; though it is my belief
there is not a princess living in the whole of it;
many ladies there are, of quality, and in her
own house each of them may be a princess."
"Well, then, she I am inquiring for will be
one of these, my friend," said Don Quixote.
"May be so," replied the lad; "God be with
you, for here comes the daylight;" and without
waiting for any more of his questions, he
whipped on his mules.
Sancho, seeing his master downcast and so-
mewhat dissatisfied, said to him, "Senor, day-
light will be here before long, and it will not do
for us to let the sun find us in the street; it will
be better for us to quit the city, and for your
worship to hide in some forest in the neigh-
bourhood, and I will come back in the daytime,
and I won't leave a nook or corner of the whole
village that I won't search for the house, castle,
or palace, of my lady, and it will be hard luck
for me if I don't find it; and as soon as I have
found it I will speak to her grace, and tell her
where and how your worship is waiting for her
to arrange some plan for you to see her without
any damage to her honour and reputation."
"Sancho," said Don Quixote, "thou hast deli-
vered a thousand sentences condensed in the
compass of a few words; I thank thee for the
advice thou hast given me, and take it most
gladly. Come, my son, let us go look for some
place where I may hide, while thou dost return,
as thou sayest, to seek, and speak with my lady,
from whose discretion and courtesy I look for
favours more than miraculous."
Sancho was in a fever to get his master out
of the town, lest he should discover the false-
hood of the reply he had brought to him in the
Sierra Morena on behalf of Dulcinea; so he has-
tened their departure, which they took at once,
and two miles out of the village they found a
forest or thicket wherein Don Quixote enscon-
ced himself, while Sancho returned to the city
to speak to Dulcinea, in which embassy things
befell him which demand fresh attention and a
new chapter.
 CHAPTER X.

WHEREIN IS RELATED THE CRAF-

TY DEVICE SANCHO ADOPTED TO
ENCHANT THE LADY DULCINEA,
AND OTHER INCIDENTS AS LUDI-
CROUS AS THEY ARE TRUE

When the author of this great history comes

to relate what is set down in this chapter he
says he would have preferred to pass it over in
silence, fearing it would not be believed, becau-
se here Don Quixote's madness reaches the
confines of the greatest that can be conceived,
and even goes a couple of bowshots beyond the
greatest. But after all, though still under the
same fear and apprehension, he has recorded it
without adding to the story or leaving out a
particle of the truth, and entirely disregarding
the charges of falsehood that might be brought
against him; and he was right, for the truth may
run fine but will not break, and always rises
above falsehood as oil above water; and so,
going on with his story, he says that as soon as
Don Quixote had ensconced himself in the fo-
rest, oak grove, or wood near El Toboso, he
bade Sancho return to the city, and not come
into his presence again without having first
spoken on his behalf to his lady, and begged of
her that it might be her good pleasure to permit
herself to be seen by her enslaved knight, and
deign to bestow her blessing upon him, so that
he might thereby hope for a happy issue in all
his encounters and difficult enterprises. Sancho
undertook to execute the task according to the
instructions, and to bring back an answer as
good as the one he brought back before.
"Go, my son," said Don Quixote, "and be not
dazed when thou findest thyself exposed to the
light of that sun of beauty thou art going to
seek. Happy thou, above all the squires in the
world! Bear in mind, and let it not escape thy
memory, how she receives thee; if she changes
colour while thou art giving her my message; if
she is agitated and disturbed at hearing my
name; if she cannot rest upon her cushion,
shouldst thou haply find her seated in the
sumptuous state chamber proper to her rank;
and should she be standing, observe if she poi-
ses herself now on one foot, now on the other;
if she repeats two or three times the reply she
gives thee; if she passes from gentleness to aus-
terity, from asperity to tenderness; if she raises
her hand to smooth her hair though it be not
disarranged. In short, my son, observe all her
actions and motions, for if thou wilt report
them to me as they were, I will gather what she
hides in the recesses of her heart as regards my
love; for I would have thee know, Sancho, if
thou knowest it not, that with lovers the out-
ward actions and motions they give way to
when their loves are in question are the faithful
messengers that carry the news of what is
going on in the depths of their hearts. Go, my
friend, may better fortune than mine attend
thee, and bring thee a happier issue than that
which I await in dread in this dreary solitude."
"I will go and return quickly," said Sancho;
"cheer up that little heart of yours, master mine,
for at the present moment you seem to have got
one no bigger than a hazel nut; remember what
they say, that a stout heart breaks bad luck, and
that where there are no fletches there are no
pegs; and moreover they say, the hare jumps
up where it's not looked for. I say this because,
if we could not find my lady's palaces or castles
to-night, now that it is daylight I count upon
finding them when I least expect it, and once
found, leave it to me to manage her."
"Verily, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "thou
dost always bring in thy proverbs happily,
whatever we deal with; may God give me bet-
ter luck in what I am anxious about."
With this, Sancho wheeled about and gave
Dapple the stick, and Don Quixote remained
behind, seated on his horse, resting in his sti-
rrups and leaning on the end of his lance, filled
with sad and troubled forebodings; and there
we will leave him, and accompany Sancho,
who went off no less serious and troubled than
he left his master; so much so, that as soon as
he had got out of the thicket, and looking
round saw that Don Quixote was not within
sight, he dismounted from his ass, and seating
himself at the foot of a tree began to commune
with himself, saying, "Now, brother Sancho, let
us know where your worship is going. Are you
going to look for some ass that has been lost?
Not at all. Then what are you going to look for?
I am going to look for a princess, that's all; and
in her for the sun of beauty and the whole hea-
ven at once. And where do you expect to find
all this, Sancho? Where? Why, in the great city
of El Toboso. Well, and for whom are you
going to look for her? For the famous knight
Don Quixote of La Mancha, who rights wrongs,
gives food to those who thirst and drink to the
hungry. That's all very well, but do you know
her house, Sancho? My master says it will be
some royal palace or grand castle. And have
you ever seen her by any chance? Neither I nor
my master ever saw her. And does it strike you
that it would be just and right if the El Toboso
people, finding out that you were here with the
intention of going to tamper with their princes-
ses and trouble their ladies, were to come and
cudgel your ribs, and not leave a whole bone in
you? They would, indeed, have very good rea-
son, if they did not see that I am under orders,
and that 'you are a messenger, my friend, no
blame belongs to you.' Don't you trust to that,
Sancho, for the Manchegan folk are as hot-
tempered as they are honest, and won't put up
with liberties from anybody. By the Lord, if
they get scent of you, it will be worse for you, I
promise you. Be off, you scoundrel! Let the bolt
fall. Why should I go looking for three feet on a
cat, to please another man; and what is more,
when looking for Dulcinea will be looking for
Marica in Ravena, or the bachelor in Salaman-
ca? The devil, the devil and nobody else, has
mixed me up in this business!"
Such was the soliloquy Sancho held with
himself, and all the conclusion he could come
to was to say to himself again, "Well, there's
remedy for everything except death, under
whose yoke we have all to pass, whether we
like it or not, when life's finished. I have seen
by a thousand signs that this master of mine is
a madman fit to be tied, and for that matter, I
too, am not behind him; for I'm a greater fool
than he is when I follow him and serve him, if
there's any truth in the proverb that says, 'Tell
me what company thou keepest, and I'll tell
thee what thou art,' or in that other, 'Not with
whom thou art bred, but with whom thou art
fed.' Well then, if he be mad, as he is, and with
a madness that mostly takes one thing for
another, and white for black, and black for whi-
te, as was seen when he said the windmills we-
re giants, and the monks' mules dromedaries,
flocks of sheep armies of enemies, and much
more to the same tune, it will not be very hard
to make him believe that some country girl, the
first I come across here, is the lady Dulcinea;
and if he does not believe it, I'll swear it; and if
he should swear, I'll swear again; and if he per-
sists I'll persist still more, so as, come what
may, to have my quoit always over the peg.
Maybe, by holding out in this way, I may put a
stop to his sending me on messages of this kind
another time; or maybe he will think, as I sus-
pect he will, that one of those wicked enchan-
ters, who he says have a spite against him, has
changed her form for the sake of doing him an
ill turn and injuring him."
With this reflection Sancho made his mind
easy, counting the business as good as settled,
and stayed there till the afternoon so as to make
Don Quixote think he had time enough to go to
El Toboso and return; and things turned out so
luckily for him that as he got up to mount
Dapple, he spied, coming from El Toboso to-
wards the spot where he stood, three peasant
girls on three colts, or fillies—for the author
does not make the point clear, though it is more
likely they were she-asses, the usual mount
with village girls; but as it is of no great conse-
quence, we need not stop to prove it.
To be brief, the instant Sancho saw the pea-
sant girls, he returned full speed to seek his
master, and found him sighing and uttering a
thousand passionate lamentations. When Don
Quixote saw him he exclaimed, "What news,
Sancho, my friend? Am I to mark this day with
a white stone or a black?"
"Your worship," replied Sancho, "had better
mark it with ruddle, like the inscriptions on the
walls of class rooms, that those who see it may
see it plain."
"Then thou bringest good news," said Don
Quixote.
"So good," replied Sancho, "that your wors-
hip has only to spur Rocinante and get out into
the open field to see the lady Dulcinea del To-
boso, who, with two others, damsels of hers, is
coming to see your worship."
"Holy God! what art thou saying, Sancho,
my friend?" exclaimed Don Quixote. "Take care
thou art not deceiving me, or seeking by false
joy to cheer my real sadness."
"What could I get by deceiving your wors-
hip," returned Sancho, "especially when it will
so soon be shown whether I tell the truth or
not? Come, senor, push on, and you will see the
princess our mistress coming, robed and ador-
ned—in fact, like what she is. Her damsels and
she are all one glow of gold, all bunches of pe-
arls, all diamonds, all rubies, all cloth of broca-
de of more than ten borders; with their hair
loose on their shoulders like so many sunbeams
playing with the wind; and moreover, they
come mounted on three piebald cackneys, the
finest sight ever you saw."
"Hackneys, you mean, Sancho," said Don
Quixote.
 "There is not much difference between cack-
neys and hackneys," said Sancho; "but no mat-
ter what they come on, there they are, the finest
ladies one could wish for, especially my lady
the princess Dulcinea, who staggers one's sen-
ses."
"Let us go, Sancho, my son," said Don
Quixote, "and in guerdon of this news, as
unexpected as it is good, I bestow upon thee
the best spoil I shall win in the first adventure I
may have; or if that does not satisfy thee, I
promise thee the foals I shall have this year
from my three mares that thou knowest are in
foal on our village common."
"I'll take the foals," said Sancho; "for it is not
quite certain that the spoils of the first adventu-
re will be good ones."
By this time they had cleared the wood, and
saw the three village lasses close at hand. Don
Quixote looked all along the road to El Toboso,
and as he could see nobody except the three
peasant girls, he was completely puzzled, and
asked Sancho if it was outside the city he had
left them.
"How outside the city?" returned Sancho.
"Are your worship's eyes in the back of your
head, that you can't see that they are these who
are coming here, shining like the very sun at
noonday?"
"I see nothing, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"but three country girls on three jackasses."
"Now, may God deliver me from the devil!"
said Sancho, "and can it be that your worship
takes three hackneys—or whatever they're ca-
lled-as white as the driven snow, for jackasses?
By the Lord, I could tear my beard if that was
the case!"
"Well, I can only say, Sancho, my friend,"
said Don Quixote, "that it is as plain they are
jackasses—or jennyasses—as that I am Don
Quixote, and thou Sancho Panza: at any rate,
they seem to me to be so."
"Hush, senor," said Sancho, "don't talk that
way, but open your eyes, and come and pay
your respects to the lady of your thoughts, who
is close upon us now;" and with these words he
advanced to receive the three village lasses, and
dismounting from Dapple, caught hold of one
of the asses of the three country girls by the
halter, and dropping on both knees on the
ground, he said, "Queen and princess and du-
chess of beauty, may it please your haughtiness
and greatness to receive into your favour and
good-will your captive knight who stands there
turned into marble stone, and quite stupefied
and benumbed at finding himself in your mag-
nificent presence. I am Sancho Panza, his squi-
re, and he the vagabond knight Don Quixote of
La Mancha, otherwise called 'The Knight of the
Rueful Countenance.'"
Don Quixote had by this time placed himself
on his knees beside Sancho, and, with eyes star-
ting out of his head and a puzzled gaze, was
regarding her whom Sancho called queen and
lady; and as he could see nothing in her except
a village lass, and not a very well-favoured one,
for she was platter-faced and snub-nosed, he
was perplexed and bewildered, and did not
venture to open his lips. The country girls, at
the same time, were astonished to see these two
men, so different in appearance, on their knees,
preventing their companion from going on.
She, however, who had been stopped, breaking
silence, said angrily and testily, "Get out of the
way, bad luck to you, and let us pass, for we
are in a hurry."
To which Sancho returned, "Oh, princess
and universal lady of El Toboso, is not your
magnanimous heart softened by seeing the pi-
llar and prop of knight-errantry on his knees
before your sublimated presence?"
On hearing this, one of the others exclaimed,
"Woa then! why, I'm rubbing thee down, she-
ass of my father-in-law! See how the lordlings
come to make game of the village girls now, as
if we here could not chaff as well as themsel-
ves. Go your own way, and let us go ours, and
it will be better for you."
 "Get up, Sancho," said Don Quixote at this; "I
see that fortune, 'with evil done to me unsated
still,' has taken possession of all the roads by
which any comfort may reach 'this wretched
soul' that I carry in my flesh. And thou, highest
perfection of excellence that can be desired,
utmost limit of grace in human shape, sole re-
lief of this afflicted heart that adores thee,
though the malign enchanter that persecutes
me has brought clouds and cataracts on my
eyes, and to them, and them only, transformed
thy unparagoned beauty and changed thy fea-
tures into those of a poor peasant girl, if so be
he has not at the same time changed mine into
those of some monster to render them loathso-
me in thy sight, refuse not to look upon me
with tenderness and love; seeing in this sub-
mission that I make on my knees to thy trans-
formed beauty the humility with which my
soul adores thee."
 "Hey-day! My grandfather!" cried the girl,
"much I care for your love-making! Get out of
the way and let us pass, and we'll thank you."
Sancho stood aside and let her go, very well
pleased to have got so well out of the hobble he
was in. The instant the village lass who had
done duty for Dulcinea found herself free,
prodding her "cackney" with a spike she had at
the end of a stick, she set off at full speed across
the field. The she-ass, however, feeling the
point more acutely than usual, began cutting
such capers, that it flung the lady Dulcinea to
the ground; seeing which, Don Quixote ran to
raise her up, and Sancho to fix and girth the
pack-saddle, which also had slipped under the
ass's belly. The pack-saddle being secured, as
Don Quixote was about to lift up his enchanted
mistress in his arms and put her upon her be-
ast, the lady, getting up from the ground, saved
him the trouble, for, going back a little, she took
a short run, and putting both hands on the
croup of the ass she dropped into the saddle
more lightly than a falcon, and sat astride like a
man, whereat Sancho said, "Rogue! but our
lady is lighter than a lanner, and might teach
the cleverest Cordovan or Mexican how to
mount; she cleared the back of the saddle in
one jump, and without spurs she is making the
hackney go like a zebra; and her damsels are no
way behind her, for they all fly like the wind;"
which was the truth, for as soon as they saw
Dulcinea mounted, they pushed on after her,
and sped away without looking back, for more
than half a league.
Don Quixote followed them with his eyes,
and when they were no longer in sight, he tur-
ned to Sancho and said, "How now, Sancho?
thou seest how I am hated by enchanters! And
see to what a length the malice and spite they
bear me go, when they seek to deprive me of
the happiness it would give me to see my lady
in her own proper form. The fact is I was born
to be an example of misfortune, and the target
and mark at which the arrows of adversity are
aimed and directed. Observe too, Sancho, that
these traitors were not content with changing
and transforming my Dulcinea, but they trans-
formed and changed her into a shape as mean
and ill-favoured as that of the village girl yon-
der; and at the same time they robbed her of
that which is such a peculiar property of ladies
of distinction, that is to say, the sweet fragrance
that comes of being always among perfumes
and flowers. For I must tell thee, Sancho, that
when I approached to put Dulcinea upon her
hackney (as thou sayest it was, though to me it
appeared a she-ass), she gave me a whiff of raw
garlic that made my head reel, and poisoned
my very heart."
"O scum of the earth!" cried Sancho at this,
"O miserable, spiteful enchanters! O that I
could see you all strung by the gills, like sardi-
nes on a twig! Ye know a great deal, ye can do a
great deal, and ye do a great deal more. It
ought to have been enough for you, ye scoun-
drels, to have changed the pearls of my lady's
eyes into oak galls, and her hair of purest gold
into the bristles of a red ox's tail, and in short,
all her features from fair to foul, without medd-
ling with her smell; for by that we might some-
how have found out what was hidden under-
neath that ugly rind; though, to tell the truth, I
never perceived her ugliness, but only her be-
auty, which was raised to the highest pitch of
perfection by a mole she had on her right lip,
like a moustache, with seven or eight red hairs
like threads of gold, and more than a palm
long."
"From the correspondence which exists bet-
ween those of the face and those of the body,"
said Don Quixote, "Dulcinea must have another
mole resembling that on the thick of the thigh
on that side on which she has the one on her
ace; but hairs of the length thou hast mentioned
are very long for moles."
"Well, all I can say is there they were as
plain as could be," replied
Sancho.
 "I believe it, my friend," returned Don
Quixote; "for nature bestowed nothing on Dul-
cinea that was not perfect and well-finished;
and so, if she had a hundred moles like the one
thou hast described, in her they would not be
moles, but moons and shining stars. But tell
me, Sancho, that which seemed to me to be a
pack-saddle as thou wert fixing it, was it a flat-
saddle or a side-saddle?"
"It was neither," replied Sancho, "but a jineta
saddle, with a field covering worth half a king-
dom, so rich is it."
"And that I could not see all this, Sancho!"
said Don Quixote; "once more
I say, and will say a thousand times, I am the
most unfortunate of men."
Sancho, the rogue, had enough to do to hide
his laughter, at hearing the simplicity of the
master he had so nicely befooled. At length,
after a good deal more conversation had passed
between them, they remounted their beasts,
and followed the road to Saragossa, which they
expected to reach in time to take part in a cer-
tain grand festival which is held every year in
that illustrious city; but before they got there
things happened to them, so many, so impor-
tant, and so strange, that they deserve to be
recorded and read, as will be seen farther on.

CHAPTER XI.

OF THE STRANGE ADVENTURE

WHICH THE VALIANT DON QUIXO-
TE HAD WITH THE CAR OR CART OF
"THE CORTES OF DEATH"

Dejected beyond measure did Don Quixote

pursue his journey, turning over in his mind
the cruel trick the enchanters had played him in
changing his lady Dulcinea into the vile shape
of the village lass, nor could he think of any
way of restoring her to her original form; and
these reflections so absorbed him, that without
being aware of it he let go Rocinante's bridle,
and he, perceiving the liberty that was granted
him, stopped at every step to crop the fresh
grass with which the plain abounded.
Sancho recalled him from his reverie. "Me-
lancholy, senor," said he, "was made, not for
beasts, but for men; but if men give way to it
overmuch they turn to beasts; control yourself,
your worship; be yourself again; gather up Ro-
cinante's reins; cheer up, rouse yourself and
show that gallant spirit that knights-errant
ought to have. What the devil is this? What
weakness is this? Are we here or in France? The
devil fly away with all the Dulcineas in the
world; for the well-being of a single knight-
errant is of more consequence than all the en-
chantments and transformations on earth."
 "Hush, Sancho," said Don Quixote in a weak
and faint voice, "hush and utter no blasphemies
against that enchanted lady; for I alone am to
blame for her misfortune and hard fate; her
calamity has come of the hatred the wicked
bear me."
"So say I," returned Sancho; "his heart rend
in twain, I trow, who saw her once, to see her
now."
"Thou mayest well say that, Sancho," replied
Don Quixote, "as thou sawest her in the full
perfection of her beauty; for the enchantment
does not go so far as to pervert thy vision or
hide her loveliness from thee; against me alone
and against my eyes is the strength of its ve-
nom directed. Nevertheless, there is one thing
which has occurred to me, and that is that thou
didst ill describe her beauty to me, for, as well
as I recollect, thou saidst that her eyes were
pearls; but eyes that are like pearls are rather
the eyes of a sea-bream than of a lady, and I am
persuaded that Dulcinea's must be green eme-
ralds, full and soft, with two rainbows for eye-
brows; take away those pearls from her eyes
and transfer them to her teeth; for beyond a
doubt, Sancho, thou hast taken the one for the
other, the eyes for the teeth."
"Very likely," said Sancho; "for her beauty
bewildered me as much as her ugliness did
your worship; but let us leave it all to God, who
alone knows what is to happen in this vale of
tears, in this evil world of ours, where there is
hardly a thing to be found without some mix-
ture of wickedness, roguery, and rascality. But
one thing, senor, troubles me more than all the
rest, and that is thinking what is to be done
when your worship conquers some giant, or
some other knight, and orders him to go and
present himself before the beauty of the lady
Dulcinea. Where is this poor giant, or this poor
wretch of a vanquished knight, to find her? I
think I can see them wandering all over El To-
boso, looking like noddies, and asking for my
lady Dulcinea; and even if they meet her in the
middle of the street they won't know her any
more than they would my father."
"Perhaps, Sancho," returned Don Quixote,
"the enchantment does not go so far as to de-
prive conquered and presented giants and
knights of the power of recognising Dulcinea;
we will try by experiment with one or two of
the first I vanquish and send to her, whether
they see her or not, by commanding them to
return and give me an account of what happe-
ned to them in this respect."
"I declare, I think what your worship has
proposed is excellent," said Sancho; "and that
by this plan we shall find out what we want to
know; and if it be that it is only from your
worship she is hidden, the misfortune will be
more yours than hers; but so long as the lady
Dulcinea is well and happy, we on our part will
make the best of it, and get on as well as we
can, seeking our adventures, and leaving Time
to take his own course; for he is the best physi-
cian for these and greater ailments."
 Don Quixote was about to reply to Sancho
Panza, but he was prevented by a cart crossing
the road full of the most diverse and strange
personages and figures that could be imagined.
He who led the mules and acted as carter was a
hideous demon; the cart was open to the sky,
without a tilt or cane roof, and the first figure
that presented itself to Don Quixote's eyes was
that of Death itself with a human face; next to it
was an angel with large painted wings, and at
one side an emperor, with a crown, to all ap-
pearance of gold, on his head. At the feet of
Death was the god called Cupid, without his
bandage, but with his bow, quiver, and arrows;
there was also a knight in full armour, except
that he had no morion or helmet, but only a hat
decked with plumes of divers colours; and
along with these there were others with a varie-
ty of costumes and faces. All this, unexpectedly
encountered, took Don Quixote somewhat
aback, and struck terror into the heart of San-
cho; but the next instant Don Quixote was glad
of it, believing that some new perilous adven-
ture was presenting itself to him, and under
this impression, and with a spirit prepared to
face any danger, he planted himself in front of
the cart, and in a loud and menacing tone, ex-
claimed, "Carter, or coachman, or devil, or
whatever thou art, tell me at once who thou art,
whither thou art going, and who these folk are
thou carriest in thy wagon, which looks more
like Charon's boat than an ordinary cart."
To which the devil, stopping the cart, ans-
wered quietly, "Senor, we are players of Angu-
lo el Malo's company; we have been acting the
play of 'The Cortes of Death' this morning,
which is the octave of Corpus Christi, in a vi-
llage behind that hill, and we have to act it this
afternoon in that village which you can see
from this; and as it is so near, and to save the
trouble of undressing and dressing again, we
go in the costumes in which we perform. That
lad there appears as Death, that other as an
angel, that woman, the manager's wife, plays
the queen, this one the soldier, that the empe-
ror, and I the devil; and I am one of the princi-
pal characters of the play, for in this company I
take the leading parts. If you want to know
anything more about us, ask me and I will
answer with the utmost exactitude, for as I am
a devil I am up to everything."
"By the faith of a knight-errant," replied Don
Quixote, "when I saw this cart I fancied some
great adventure was presenting itself to me; but
I declare one must touch with the hand what
appears to the eye, if illusions are to be avoi-
ded. God speed you, good people; keep your
festival, and remember, if you demand of me
ought wherein I can render you a service, I will
do it gladly and willingly, for from a child I
was fond of the play, and in my youth a keen
lover of the actor's art."
While they were talking, fate so willed it that
one of the company in a mummers' dress with
a great number of bells, and armed with three
blown ox-bladders at the end of a stick, joined
them, and this merry-andrew approaching Don
Quixote, began flourishing his stick and ban-
ging the ground with the bladders and cutting
capers with great jingling of the bells, which
untoward apparition so startled Rocinante that,
in spite of Don Quixote's efforts to hold him in,
taking the bit between his teeth he set off across
the plain with greater speed than the bones of
his anatomy ever gave any promise of.
Sancho, who thought his master was in dan-
ger of being thrown, jumped off Dapple, and
ran in all haste to help him; but by the time he
reached him he was already on the ground, and
beside him was Rocinante, who had come
down with his master, the usual end and ups-
hot of Rocinante's vivacity and high spirits. But
the moment Sancho quitted his beast to go and
help Don Quixote, the dancing devil with the
bladders jumped up on Dapple, and beating
him with them, more by the fright and the noi-
se than by the pain of the blows, made him fly
across the fields towards the village where they
were going to hold their festival. Sancho wit-
nessed Dapple's career and his master's fall,
and did not know which of the two cases of
need he should attend to first; but in the end,
like a good squire and good servant, he let his
love for his master prevail over his affection for
his ass; though every time he saw the bladders
rise in the air and come down on the hind quar-
ters of his Dapple he felt the pains and terrors
of death, and he would have rather had the
blows fall on the apples of his own eyes than on
the least hair of his ass's tail. In this trouble and
perplexity he came to where Don Quixote lay
in a far sorrier plight than he liked, and having
helped him to mount Rocinante, he said to him,
"Senor, the devil has carried off my Dapple."
"What devil?" asked Don Quixote.
"The one with the bladders," said Sancho.
"Then I will recover him," said Don Quixote,
"even if he be shut up with him in the deepest
and darkest dungeons of hell. Follow me, San-
cho, for the cart goes slowly, and with the mu-
les of it I will make good the loss of Dapple."
"You need not take the trouble, senor," said
Sancho; "keep cool, for as I now see, the devil
has let Dapple go and he is coming back to his
old quarters;" and so it turned out, for, having
come down with Dapple, in imitation of Don
Quixote and Rocinante, the devil made off on
foot to the town, and the ass came back to his
master.
"For all that," said Don Quixote, "it will be
well to visit the discourtesy of that devil upon
some of those in the cart, even if it were the
emperor himself."
"Don't think of it, your worship," returned
Sancho; "take my advice and never meddle
with actors, for they are a favoured class; I my-
self have known an actor taken up for two
murders, and yet come off scot-free; remember
that, as they are merry folk who give pleasure,
everyone favours and protects them, and helps
and makes much of them, above all when they
are those of the royal companies and under
patent, all or most of whom in dress and ap-
pearance look like princes."
"Still, for all that," said Don Quixote, "the
player devil must not go off boasting, even if
the whole human race favours him."
So saying, he made for the cart, which was
now very near the town, shouting out as he
went, "Stay! halt! ye merry, jovial crew! I want
to teach you how to treat asses and animals that
serve the squires of knights-errant for steeds."
So loud were the shouts of Don Quixote,
that those in the cart heard and understood
them, and, guessing by the words what the
speaker's intention was, Death in an instant
jumped out of the cart, and the emperor, the
devil carter and the angel after him, nor did the
queen or the god Cupid stay behind; and all
armed themselves with stones and formed in
line, prepared to receive Don Quixote on the
points of their pebbles. Don Quixote, when he
saw them drawn up in such a gallant array
with uplifted arms ready for a mighty dischar-
ge of stones, checked Rocinante and began to
consider in what way he could attack them
with the least danger to himself. As he halted
Sancho came up, and seeing him disposed to
attack this well-ordered squadron, said to him,
"It would be the height of madness to attempt
such an enterprise; remember, senor, that
against sops from the brook, and plenty of
them, there is no defensive armour in the
world, except to stow oneself away under a
brass bell; and besides, one should remember
that it is rashness, and not valour, for a single
man to attack an army that has Death in it, and
where emperors fight in person, with angels,
good and bad, to help them; and if this reflec-
tion will not make you keep quiet, perhaps it
will to know for certain that among all these,
though they look like kings, princes, and empe-
rors, there is not a single knight-errant."
"Now indeed thou hast hit the point, San-
cho," said Don Quixote, "which may and
should turn me from the resolution I had alrea-
dy formed. I cannot and must not draw sword,
as I have many a time before told thee, against
anyone who is not a dubbed knight; it is for
thee, Sancho, if thou wilt, to take vengeance for
the wrong done to thy Dapple; and I will help
thee from here by shouts and salutary coun-
sels."
"There is no occasion to take vengeance on
anyone, senor," replied Sancho; "for it is not the
part of good Christians to revenge wrongs; and
besides, I will arrange it with my ass to leave
his grievance to my good-will and pleasure,
and that is to live in peace as long as heaven
grants me life."
"Well," said Don Quixote, "if that be thy de-
termination, good Sancho, sensible Sancho,
Christian Sancho, honest Sancho, let us leave
these phantoms alone and turn to the pursuit of
better and worthier adventures; for, from what
I see of this country, we cannot fail to find plen-
ty of marvellous ones in it."
 He at once wheeled about, Sancho ran to ta-
ke possession of his Dapple, Death and his
flying squadron returned to their cart and pur-
sued their journey, and thus the dread adven-
ture of the cart of Death ended happily, thanks
to the advice Sancho gave his master; who had,
the following day, a fresh adventure, of no less
thrilling interest than the last, with an enamou-
red knight-errant.

CHAPTER XII.

OF THE STRANGE ADVENTURE

WHICH BEFELL THE VALIANT DON
QUIXOTE WITH THE BOLD KNIGHT
OF THE MIRRORS
 The night succeeding the day of the encoun-
ter with Death, Don Quixote and his squire
passed under some tall shady trees, and Don
Quixote at Sancho's persuasion ate a little from
the store carried by Dapple, and over their
supper Sancho said to his master, "Senor, what
a fool I should have looked if I had chosen for
my reward the spoils of the first adventure
your worship achieved, instead of the foals of
the three mares. After all, 'a sparrow in the
hand is better than a vulture on the wing.'"
"At the same time, Sancho," replied Don
Quixote, "if thou hadst let me attack them as I
wanted, at the very least the emperor's gold
crown and Cupid's painted wings would have
fallen to thee as spoils, for I should have taken
them by force and given them into thy hands."
"The sceptres and crowns of those play-actor
emperors," said Sancho, "were never yet pure
gold, but only brass foil or tin."
"That is true," said Don Quixote, "for it
would not be right that the accessories of the
drama should be real, instead of being mere
fictions and semblances, like the drama itself;
towards which, Sancho-and, as a necessary
consequence, towards those who represent and
produce it—I would that thou wert favourably
disposed, for they are all instruments of great
good to the State, placing before us at every
step a mirror in which we may see vividly dis-
played what goes on in human life; nor is there
any similitude that shows us more faithfully
what we are and ought to be than the play and
the players. Come, tell me, hast thou not seen a
play acted in which kings, emperors, pontiffs,
knights, ladies, and divers other personages
were introduced? One plays the villain, another
the knave, this one the merchant, that the sol-
dier, one the sharp-witted fool, another the foo-
lish lover; and when the play is over, and they
have put off the dresses they wore in it, all the
actors become equal."
"Yes, I have seen that," said Sancho.
 "Well then," said Don Quixote, "the same
thing happens in the comedy and life of this
world, where some play emperors, others po-
pes, and, in short, all the characters that can be
brought into a play; but when it is over, that is
to say when life ends, death strips them all of
the garments that distinguish one from the ot-
her, and all are equal in the grave."
"A fine comparison!" said Sancho; "though
not so new but that I have heard it many and
many a time, as well as that other one of the
game of chess; how, so long as the game lasts,
each piece has its own particular office, and
when the game is finished they are all mixed,
jumbled up and shaken together, and stowed
away in the bag, which is much like ending life
in the grave."
"Thou art growing less doltish and more
shrewd every day, Sancho," said
Don Quixote.
"Ay," said Sancho; "it must be that some of
your worship's shrewdness sticks to me; land
that, of itself, is barren and dry, will come to
yield good fruit if you dung it and till it; what I
mean is that your worship's conversation has
been the dung that has fallen on the barren soil
of my dry wit, and the time I have been in your
service and society has been the tillage; and
with the help of this I hope to yield fruit in
abundance that will not fall away or slide from
those paths of good breeding that your worship
has made in my parched understanding."
Don Quixote laughed at Sancho's affected
phraseology, and perceived that what he said
about his improvement was true, for now and
then he spoke in a way that surprised him;
though always, or mostly, when Sancho tried to
talk fine and attempted polite language, he
wound up by toppling over from the summit of
his simplicity into the abyss of his ignorance;
and where he showed his culture and his me-
mory to the greatest advantage was in dragging
in proverbs, no matter whether they had any
bearing or not upon the subject in hand, as may
have been seen already and will be noticed in
the course of this history.
In conversation of this kind they passed a
good part of the night, but Sancho felt a desire
to let down the curtains of his eyes, as he used
to say when he wanted to go to sleep; and
stripping Dapple he left him at liberty to graze
his fill. He did not remove Rocinante's saddle,
as his master's express orders were, that so long
as they were in the field or not sleeping under a
roof Rocinante was not to be stripped—the an-
cient usage established and observed by
knights-errant being to take off the bridle and
hang it on the saddle-bow, but to remove the
saddle from the horse—never! Sancho acted
accordingly, and gave him the same liberty he
had given Dapple, between whom and Roci-
nante there was a friendship so unequalled and
so strong, that it is handed down by tradition
from father to son, that the author of this vera-
cious history devoted some special chapters to
it, which, in order to preserve the propriety and
decorum due to a history so heroic, he did not
insert therein; although at times he forgets this
resolution of his and describes how eagerly the
two beasts would scratch one another when
they were together and how, when they were
tired or full, Rocinante would lay his neck
across Dapple's, stretching half a yard or more
on the other side, and the pair would stand
thus, gazing thoughtfully on the ground, for
three days, or at least so long as they were left
alone, or hunger did not drive them to go and
look for food. I may add that they say the aut-
hor left it on record that he likened their
friendship to that of Nisus and Euryalus, and
Pylades and Orestes; and if that be so, it may be
perceived, to the admiration of mankind, how
firm the friendship must have been between
these two peaceful animals, shaming men, who
preserve friendships with one another so badly.
This was why it was said—
For friend no longer is there friend;
The reeds turn lances now.
 And some one else has sung—
Friend to friend the bug, etc.
And let no one fancy that the author was at
all astray when he compared the friendship of
these animals to that of men; for men have re-
ceived many lessons from beasts, and learned
many important things, as, for example, the
clyster from the stork, vomit and gratitude
from the dog, watchfulness from the crane,
foresight from the ant, modesty from the elep-
hant, and loyalty from the horse.
Sancho at last fell asleep at the foot of a cork
tree, while Don Quixote dozed at that of a stur-
dy oak; but a short time only had elapsed when
a noise he heard behind him awoke him, and
rising up startled, he listened and looked in the
direction the noise came from, and perceived
two men on horseback, one of whom, letting
himself drop from the saddle, said to the other,
"Dismount, my friend, and take the bridles off
the horses, for, so far as I can see, this place will
furnish grass for them, and the solitude and
silence my love-sick thoughts need of." As he
said this he stretched himself upon the ground,
and as he flung himself down, the armour in
which he was clad rattled, whereby Don Quixo-
te perceived that he must be a knight-errant;
and going over to Sancho, who was asleep, he
shook him by the arm and with no small diffi-
culty brought him back to his senses, and said
in a low voice to him, "Brother Sancho, we have
got an adventure."
"God send us a good one," said Sancho; "and
where may her ladyship the adventure be?"
"Where, Sancho?" replied Don Quixote;
"turn thine eyes and look, and thou wilt see
stretched there a knight-errant, who, it strikes
me, is not over and above happy, for I saw him
fling himself off his horse and throw himself on
the ground with a certain air of dejection, and
his armour rattled as he fell."
"Well," said Sancho, "how does your wors-
hip make out that to be an adventure?"
 "I do not mean to say," returned Don Quixo-
te, "that it is a complete adventure, but that it is
the beginning of one, for it is in this way adven-
tures begin. But listen, for it seems he is tuning
a lute or guitar, and from the way he is spitting
and clearing his chest he must be getting ready
to sing something."
"Faith, you are right," said Sancho, "and no
doubt he is some enamoured knight."
"There is no knight-errant that is not," said
Don Quixote; "but let us listen to him, for, if he
sings, by that thread we shall extract the ball of
his thoughts; because out of the abundance of
the heart the mouth speaketh."
Sancho was about to reply to his master, but
the Knight of the Grove's voice, which was
neither very bad nor very good, stopped him,
and listening attentively the pair heard him
sing this

SONNET
 Your pleasure, prithee, lady mine, unfold;
Declare the terms that I am to obey;
My will to yours submissively I mould,
And from your law my feet shall never stray.
Would you I die, to silent grief a prey?
Then count me even now as dead and cold;
Would you I tell my woes in some new way?
Then shall my tale by Love itself be told.
The unison of opposites to prove,
Of the soft wax and diamond hard am I;
But still, obedient to the laws of love,
Here, hard or soft, I offer you my breast,
Whate'er you grave or stamp thereon shall
rest
Indelible for all eternity.
With an "Ah me!" that seemed to be drawn
from the inmost recesses of his heart, the
Knight of the Grove brought his lay to an end,
and shortly afterwards exclaimed in a melan-
choly and piteous voice, "O fairest and most
ungrateful woman on earth! What! can it be,
most serene Casildea de Vandalia, that thou
wilt suffer this thy captive knight to waste
away and perish in ceaseless wanderings and
rude and arduous toils? It is not enough that I
have compelled all the knights of Navarre, all
the Leonese, all the Tartesians, all the Casti-
lians, and finally all the knights of La Mancha,
to confess thee the most beautiful in the
world?"
"Not so," said Don Quixote at this, "for I am
of La Mancha, and I have never confessed
anything of the sort, nor could I nor should I
confess a thing so much to the prejudice of my
lady's beauty; thou seest how this knight is ra-
ving, Sancho. But let us listen, perhaps he will
tell us more about himself."
"That he will," returned Sancho, "for he se-
ems in a mood to bewail himself for a month at
a stretch."
But this was not the case, for the Knight of
the Grove, hearing voices near him, instead of
continuing his lamentation, stood up and ex-
claimed in a distinct but courteous tone, "Who
goes there? What are you? Do you belong to the
number of the happy or of the miserable?"
"Of the miserable," answered Don Quixote.
"Then come to me," said he of the Grove,
"and rest assured that it is to woe itself and
affliction itself you come."
Don Quixote, finding himself answered in
such a soft and courteous manner, went over to
him, and so did Sancho.
The doleful knight took Don Quixote by the
arm, saying, "Sit down here, sir knight; for, that
you are one, and of those that profess knight-
errantry, it is to me a sufficient proof to have
found you in this place, where solitude and
night, the natural couch and proper retreat of
knights-errant, keep you company." To which
Don made answer, "A knight I am of the pro-
fession you mention, and though sorrows, mis-
fortunes, and calamities have made my heart
their abode, the compassion I feel for the mis-
fortunes of others has not been thereby banis-
hed from it. From what you have just now sung
I gather that yours spring from love, I mean
from the love you bear that fair ingrate you
named in your lament."
In the meantime, they had seated themselves
together on the hard ground peaceably and
sociably, just as if, as soon as day broke, they
were not going to break one another's heads.
"Are you, sir knight, in love perchance?" as-
ked he of the Grove of Don
Quixote.
"By mischance I am," replied Don Quixote;
"though the ills arising from well-bestowed
affections should be esteemed favours rather
than misfortunes."
"That is true," returned he of the Grove, "if
scorn did not unsettle our reason and unders-
tanding, for if it be excessive it looks like re-
venge."
"I was never scorned by my lady," said Don
Quixote.
 "Certainly not," said Sancho, who stood clo-
se by, "for my lady is as a lamb, and softer than
a roll of butter."
"Is this your squire?" asked he of the Grove.
"He is," said Don Quixote.
"I never yet saw a squire," said he of the
Grove, "who ventured to speak when his mas-
ter was speaking; at least, there is mine, who is
as big as his father, and it cannot be proved that
he has ever opened his lips when I am spea-
king."
"By my faith then," said Sancho, "I have spo-
ken, and am fit to speak, in the presence of one
as much, or even—but never mind—it only
makes it worse to stir it."
The squire of the Grove took Sancho by the
arm, saying to him, "Let us two go where we
can talk in squire style as much as we please,
and leave these gentlemen our masters to fight
it out over the story of their loves; and, depend
upon it, daybreak will find them at it without
having made an end of it."
 "So be it by all means," said Sancho; "and I
will tell your worship who I am, that you may
see whether I am to be reckoned among the
number of the most talkative squires."
With this the two squires withdrew to one
side, and between them there passed a conver-
sation as droll as that which passed between
their masters was serious.

CHAPTER XIII.

IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE

ADVENTURE OF THE KNIGHT OF
THE GROVE, TOGETHER WITH THE
SENSIBLE, ORIGINAL, AND TRAN-
QUIL COLLOQUY THAT PASSED
BETWEEN THE TWO SQUIRES
 The knights and the squires made two par-
ties, these telling the story of their lives, the
others the story of their loves; but the history
relates first of all the conversation of the ser-
vants, and afterwards takes up that of the mas-
ters; and it says that, withdrawing a little from
the others, he of the Grove said to Sancho, "A
hard life it is we lead and live, senor, we that
are squires to knights-errant; verily, we eat our
bread in the sweat of our faces, which is one of
the curses God laid on our first parents."
"It may be said, too," added Sancho, "that we
eat it in the chill of our bodies; for who gets
more heat and cold than the miserable squires
of knight-errantry? Even so it would not be so
bad if we had something to eat, for woes are
lighter if there's bread; but sometimes we go a
day or two without breaking our fast, except
with the wind that blows."
"All that," said he of the Grove, "may be en-
dured and put up with when we have hopes of
reward; for, unless the knight-errant he serves
is excessively unlucky, after a few turns the
squire will at least find himself rewarded with
a fine government of some island or some fair
county."
"I," said Sancho, "have already told my mas-
ter that I shall be content with the government
of some island, and he is so noble and generous
that he has promised it to me ever so many
times."
"I," said he of the Grove, "shall be satisfied
with a canonry for my services, and my master
has already assigned me one."
"Your master," said Sancho, "no doubt is a
knight in the Church line, and can bestow re-
wards of that sort on his good squire; but mine
is only a layman; though I remember some cle-
ver, but, to my mind, designing people, strove
to persuade him to try and become an archbis-
hop. He, however, would not be anything but
an emperor; but I was trembling all the time
lest he should take a fancy to go into the
Church, not finding myself fit to hold office in
it; for I may tell you, though I seem a man, I am
no better than a beast for the Church."
"Well, then, you are wrong there," said he of
the Grove; "for those island governments are
not all satisfactory; some are awkward, some
are poor, some are dull, and, in short, the hig-
hest and choicest brings with it a heavy burden
of cares and troubles which the unhappy wight
to whose lot it has fallen bears upon his shoul-
ders. Far better would it be for us who have
adopted this accursed service to go back to our
own houses, and there employ ourselves in
pleasanter occupations—in hunting or fishing,
for instance; for what squire in the world is
there so poor as not to have a hack and a couple
of greyhounds and a fishingrod to amuse him-
self with in his own village?"
"I am not in want of any of those things,"
said Sancho; "to be sure I have no hack, but I
have an ass that is worth my master's horse
twice over; God send me a bad Easter, and that
the next one I am to see, if I would swap, even
if I got four bushels of barley to boot. You will
laugh at the value I put on my Dapple—for
dapple is the colour of my beast. As to grey-
hounds, I can't want for them, for there are
enough and to spare in my town; and, moreo-
ver, there is more pleasure in sport when it is at
other people's expense."
"In truth and earnest, sir squire," said he of
the Grove, "I have made up my mind and de-
termined to have done with these drunken va-
garies of these knights, and go back to my vi-
llage, and bring up my children; for I have
three, like three Oriental pearls."
"I have two," said Sancho, "that might be
presented before the Pope himself, especially a
girl whom I am breeding up for a countess,
please God, though in spite of her mother."
"And how old is this lady that is being bred
up for a countess?" asked he of the Grove.
"Fifteen, a couple of years more or less,"
answered Sancho; "but she is as tall as a lance,
and as fresh as an April morning, and as strong
as a porter."
"Those are gifts to fit her to be not only a
countess but a nymph of the greenwood," said
he of the Grove; "whoreson strumpet! what
pith the rogue must have!"
To which Sancho made answer, somewhat
sulkily, "She's no strumpet, nor was her mot-
her, nor will either of them be, please God, whi-
le I live; speak more civilly; for one bred up
among knights-errant, who are courtesy itself,
your words don't seem to me to be very beco-
ming."
"O how little you know about compliments,
sir squire," returned he of the Grove. "What!
don't you know that when a horseman delivers
a good lance thrust at the bull in the plaza, or
when anyone does anything very well, the
people are wont to say, 'Ha, whoreson rip! how
well he has done it!' and that what seems to be
abuse in the expression is high praise? Disown
sons and daughters, senor, who don't do what
deserves that compliments of this sort should
be paid to their parents."
"I do disown them," replied Sancho, "and in
this way, and by the same reasoning, you
might call me and my children and my wife all
the strumpets in the world, for all they do and
say is of a kind that in the highest degree de-
serves the same praise; and to see them again I
pray God to deliver me from mortal sin, or,
what comes to the same thing, to deliver me
from this perilous calling of squire into which I
have fallen a second time, decayed and begui-
led by a purse with a hundred ducats that I
found one day in the heart of the Sierra More-
na; and the devil is always putting a bag full of
doubloons before my eyes, here, there, eve-
rywhere, until I fancy at every stop I am put-
ting my hand on it, and hugging it, and carr-
ying it home with me, and making investments,
and getting interest, and living like a prince;
and so long as I think of this I make light of all
the hardships I endure with this simpleton of a
master of mine, who, I well know, is more of a
madman than a knight."
"There's why they say that 'covetousness
bursts the bag,'" said he of the Grove; "but if
you come to talk of that sort, there is not a grea-
ter one in the world than my master, for he is
one of those of whom they say, 'the cares of
others kill the ass;' for, in order that another
knight may recover the senses he has lost, he
makes a madman of himself and goes looking
for what, when found, may, for all I know, fly
in his own face." "And is he in love perchance?"
asked Sancho.
"He is," said of the Grove, "with one Casil-
dea de Vandalia, the rawest and best roasted
lady the whole world could produce; but that
rawness is not the only foot he limps on, for he
has greater schemes rumbling in his bowels, as
will be seen before many hours are over."
"There's no road so smooth but it has some
hole or hindrance in it," said Sancho; "in other
houses they cook beans, but in mine it's by the
potful; madness will have more followers and
hangers-on than sound sense; but if there be
any truth in the common saying, that to have
companions in trouble gives some relief, I may
take consolation from you, inasmuch as you
serve a master as crazy as my own."
"Crazy but valiant," replied he of the Grove,
"and more roguish than crazy or valiant."
"Mine is not that," said Sancho; "I mean he
has nothing of the rogue in him; on the contra-
ry, he has the soul of a pitcher; he has no
thought of doing harm to anyone, only good to
all, nor has he any malice whatever in him; a
child might persuade him that it is night at no-
onday; and for this simplicity I love him as the
core of my heart, and I can't bring myself to
leave him, let him do ever such foolish things."
"For all that, brother and senor," said he of
the Grove, "if the blind lead the blind, both are
in danger of falling into the pit. It is better for
us to beat a quiet retreat and get back to our
own quarters; for those who seek adventures
don't always find good ones."
Sancho kept spitting from time to time, and
his spittle seemed somewhat ropy and dry,
observing which the compassionate squire of
the Grove said, "It seems to me that with all this
talk of ours our tongues are sticking to the roofs
of our mouths; but I have a pretty good loose-
ner hanging from the saddle-bow of my horse,"
and getting up he came back the next minute
with a large bota of wine and a pasty half a
yard across; and this is no exaggeration, for it
was made of a house rabbit so big that Sancho,
as he handled it, took it to be made of a goat,
not to say a kid, and looking at it he said, "And
do you carry this with you, senor?"
"Why, what are you thinking about?" said
the other; "do you take me for some paltry
squire? I carry a better larder on my horse's
croup than a general takes with him when he
goes on a march."
 Sancho ate without requiring to be pressed,
and in the dark bolted mouthfuls like the knots
on a tether, and said he, "You are a proper trus-
ty squire, one of the right sort, sumptuous and
grand, as this banquet shows, which, if it has
not come here by magic art, at any rate has the
look of it; not like me, unlucky beggar, that
have nothing more in my alforjas than a scrap
of cheese, so hard that one might brain a giant
with it, and, to keep it company, a few dozen
carobs and as many more filberts and walnuts;
thanks to the austerity of my master, and the
idea he has and the rule he follows, that
knights-errant must not live or sustain them-
selves on anything except dried fruits and the
herbs of the field."
"By my faith, brother," said he of the Grove,
"my stomach is not made for thistles, or wild
pears, or roots of the woods; let our masters do
as they like, with their chivalry notions and
laws, and eat what those enjoin; I carry my
prog-basket and this bota hanging to the sadd-
le-bow, whatever they may say; and it is such
an object of worship with me, and I love it so,
that there is hardly a moment but I am kissing
and embracing it over and over again;" and so
saying he thrust it into Sancho's hands, who
raising it aloft pointed to his mouth, gazed at
the stars for a quarter of an hour; and when he
had done drinking let his head fall on one side,
and giving a deep sigh, exclaimed, "Ah, whore-
son rogue, how catholic it is!"
"There, you see," said he of the Grove, hea-
ring Sancho's exclamation, "how you have ca-
lled this wine whoreson by way of praise."
"Well," said Sancho, "I own it, and I grant it
is no dishonour to call anyone whoreson when
it is to be understood as praise. But tell me,
senor, by what you love best, is this Ciudad
Real wine?"
"O rare wine-taster!" said he of the Grove;
"nowhere else indeed does it come from, and it
has some years' age too."
 "Leave me alone for that," said Sancho; "ne-
ver fear but I'll hit upon the place it came from
somehow. What would you say, sir squire, to
my having such a great natural instinct in jud-
ging wines that you have only to let me smell
one and I can tell positively its country, its
kind, its flavour and soundness, the changes it
will undergo, and everything that appertains to
a wine? But it is no wonder, for I have had in
my family, on my father's side, the two best
wine-tasters that have been known in La Man-
cha for many a long year, and to prove it I'll tell
you now a thing that happened them. They
gave the two of them some wine out of a cask,
to try, asking their opinion as to the condition,
quality, goodness or badness of the wine. One
of them tried it with the tip of his tongue, the
other did no more than bring it to his nose. The
first said the wine had a flavour of iron, the
second said it had a stronger flavour of cordo-
van. The owner said the cask was clean, and
that nothing had been added to the wine from
which it could have got a flavour of either iron
or leather. Nevertheless, these two great wine-
tasters held to what they had said. Time went
by, the wine was sold, and when they came to
clean out the cask, they found in it a small key
hanging to a thong of cordovan; see now if one
who comes of the same stock has not a right to
give his opinion in such like cases."
"Therefore, I say," said he of the Grove, "let
us give up going in quest of adventures, and as
we have loaves let us not go looking for cakes,
but return to our cribs, for God will find us
there if it be his will."
"Until my master reaches Saragossa," said
Sancho, "I'll remain in his service; after that
we'll see."
The end of it was that the two squires talked
so much and drank so much that sleep had to
tie their tongues and moderate their thirst, for
to quench it was impossible; and so the pair of
them fell asleep clinging to the now nearly
empty bota and with half-chewed morsels in
their mouths; and there we will leave them for
the present, to relate what passed between the
Knight of the Grove and him of the Rueful
Countenance.

CHAPTER XIV.

WHEREIN IS CONTINUED THE

ADVENTURE OF THE KNIGHT OF
THE GROVE

Among the things that passed between Don

Quixote and the Knight of the Wood, the histo-
ry tells us he of the Grove said to Don Quixote,
"In fine, sir knight, I would have you know that
my destiny, or, more properly speaking, my
choice led me to fall in love with the peerless
Casildea de Vandalia. I call her peerless becau-
se she has no peer, whether it be in bodily sta-
ture or in the supremacy of rank and beauty.
This same Casildea, then, that I speak of, requi-
ted my honourable passion and gentle aspira-
tions by compelling me, as his stepmother did
Hercules, to engage in many perils of various
sorts, at the end of each promising me that,
with the end of the next, the object of my hopes
should be attained; but my labours have gone
on increasing link by link until they are past
counting, nor do I know what will be the last
one that is to be the beginning of the accom-
plishment of my chaste desires. On one occa-
sion she bade me go and challenge the famous
giantess of Seville, La Giralda by name, who is
as mighty and strong as if made of brass, and
though never stirring from one spot, is the most
restless and changeable woman in the world. I
came, I saw, I conquered, and I made her stay
quiet and behave herself, for nothing but north
winds blew for more than a week. Another ti-
me I was ordered to lift those ancient stones,
the mighty bulls of Guisando, an enterprise
that might more fitly be entrusted to porters
than to knights. Again, she bade me fling my-
self into the cavern of Cabra—an unparalleled
and awful peril—and bring her a minute ac-
count of all that is concealed in those gloomy
depths. I stopped the motion of the Giralda, I
lifted the bulls of Guisando, I flung myself into
the cavern and brought to light the secrets of its
abyss; and my hopes are as dead as dead can
be, and her scorn and her commands as lively
as ever. To be brief, last of all she has comman-
ded me to go through all the provinces of Spain
and compel all the knights-errant wandering
therein to confess that she surpasses all women
alive to-day in beauty, and that I am the most
valiant and the most deeply enamoured knight
on earth; in support of which claim I have al-
ready travelled over the greater part of Spain,
and have there vanquished several knights
who have dared to contradict me; but what I
most plume and pride myself upon is having
vanquished in single combat that so famous
knight Don Quixote of La Mancha, and made
him confess that my Casildea is more beautiful
than his Dulcinea; and in this one victory I hold
myself to have conquered all the knights in the
world; for this Don Quixote that I speak of has
vanquished them all, and I having vanquished
him, his glory, his fame, and his honour have
passed and are transferred to my person; for
The more the vanquished hath of fair re-
nown,
The greater glory gilds the victor's crown.
Thus the innumerable achievements of the
said Don Quixote are now set down to my ac-
count and have become mine."
Don Quixote was amazed when he heard
the Knight of the Grove, and was a thousand
times on the point of telling him he lied, and
had the lie direct already on the tip of his ton-
gue; but he restrained himself as well as he
could, in order to force him to confess the lie
with his own lips; so he said to him quietly, "As
to what you say, sir knight, about having van-
quished most of the knights of Spain, or even of
the whole world, I say nothing; but that you
have vanquished Don Quixote of La Mancha I
consider doubtful; it may have been some other
that resembled him, although there are few like
him."
"How! not vanquished?" said he of the Gro-
ve; "by the heaven that is above us I fought Don
Quixote and overcame him and made him
yield; and he is a man of tall stature, gaunt fea-
tures, long, lank limbs, with hair turning grey,
an aquiline nose rather hooked, and large black
drooping moustaches; he does battle under the
name of 'The Countenance,' and he has for
squire a peasant called Sancho Panza; he pres-
ses the loins and rules the reins of a famous
steed called Rocinante; and lastly, he has for the
mistress of his will a certain Dulcinea del Tobo-
so, once upon a time called Aldonza Lorenzo,
just as I call mine Casildea de Vandalia because
her name is Casilda and she is of Andalusia. If
all these tokens are not enough to vindicate the
truth of what I say, here is my sword, that will
compel incredulity itself to give credence to it."
"Calm yourself, sir knight," said Don Quixo-
te, "and give ear to what I am about to say to
you. I would have you know that this Don
Quixote you speak of is the greatest friend I
have in the world; so much so that I may say I
regard him in the same light as my own person;
and from the precise and clear indications you
have given I cannot but think that he must be
the very one you have vanquished. On the ot-
her hand, I see with my eyes and feel with my
hands that it is impossible it can have been the
same; unless indeed it be that, as he has many
enemies who are enchanters, and one in parti-
cular who is always persecuting him, some one
of these may have taken his shape in order to
allow himself to be vanquished, so as to de-
fraud him of the fame that his exalted achieve-
ments as a knight have earned and acquired for
him throughout the known world. And in con-
firmation of this, I must tell you, too, that it is
but ten hours since these said enchanters his
enemies transformed the shape and person of
the fair Dulcinea del Toboso into a foul and
mean village lass, and in the same way they
must have transformed Don Quixote; and if all
this does not suffice to convince you of the
truth of what I say, here is Don Quixote him-
self, who will maintain it by arms, on foot or on
horseback or in any way you please."
And so saying he stood up and laid his hand
on his sword, waiting to see what the Knight of
the Grove would do, who in an equally calm
voice said in reply, "Pledges don't distress a
good payer; he who has succeeded in vanquis-
hing you once when transformed, Sir Don
Quixote, may fairly hope to subdue you in your
own proper shape; but as it is not becoming for
knights to perform their feats of arms in the
dark, like highwaymen and bullies, let us wait
till daylight, that the sun may behold our de-
eds; and the conditions of our combat shall be
that the vanquished shall be at the victor's dis-
posal, to do all that he may enjoin, provided the
injunction be such as shall be becoming a
knight."
"I am more than satisfied with these condi-
tions and terms," replied Don Quixote; and so
saying, they betook themselves to where their
squires lay, and found them snoring, and in the
same posture they were in when sleep fell upon
them. They roused them up, and bade them get
the horses ready, as at sunrise they were to en-
gage in a bloody and arduous single combat; at
which intelligence Sancho was aghast and
thunderstruck, trembling for the safety of his
master because of the mighty deeds he had
heard the squire of the Grove ascribe to his; but
without a word the two squires went in quest
of their cattle; for by this time the three horses
and the ass had smelt one another out, and we-
re all together.
 On the way, he of the Grove said to Sancho,
"You must know, brother, that it is the custom
with the fighting men of Andalusia, when they
are godfathers in any quarrel, not to stand idle
with folded arms while their godsons fight; I
say so to remind you that while our masters are
fighting, we, too, have to fight, and knock one
another to shivers."
"That custom, sir squire," replied Sancho,
"may hold good among those bullies and figh-
ting men you talk of, but certainly not among
the squires of knights-errant; at least, I have
never heard my master speak of any custom of
the sort, and he knows all the laws of knight-
errantry by heart; but granting it true that there
is an express law that squires are to fight while
their masters are fighting, I don't mean to obey
it, but to pay the penalty that may be laid on
peacefully minded squires like myself; for I am
sure it cannot be more than two pounds of wax,
and I would rather pay that, for I know it will
cost me less than the lint I shall be at the expen-
se of to mend my head, which I look upon as
broken and split already; there's another thing
that makes it impossible for me to fight, that I
have no sword, for I never carried one in my
life."
"I know a good remedy for that," said he of
the Grove; "I have here two linen bags of the
same size; you shall take one, and I the other,
and we will fight at bag blows with equal
arms."
"If that's the way, so be it with all my heart,"
said Sancho, "for that sort of battle will serve to
knock the dust out of us instead of hurting us."
"That will not do," said the other, "for we
must put into the bags, to keep the wind from
blowing them away, half a dozen nice smooth
pebbles, all of the same weight; and in this way
we shall be able to baste one another without
doing ourselves any harm or mischief."
"Body of my father!" said Sancho, "see what
marten and sable, and pads of carded cotton he
is putting into the bags, that our heads may not
be broken and our bones beaten to jelly! But
even if they are filled with toss silk, I can tell
you, senor, I am not going to fight; let our mas-
ters fight, that's their lookout, and let us drink
and live; for time will take care to ease us of our
lives, without our going to look for fillips so
that they may be finished off before their pro-
per time comes and they drop from ripeness."
"Still," returned he of the Grove, "we must
fight, if it be only for half an hour."
"By no means," said Sancho; "I am not going
to be so discourteous or so ungrateful as to
have any quarrel, be it ever so small, with one I
have eaten and drunk with; besides, who the
devil could bring himself to fight in cold blood,
without anger or provocation?"
"I can remedy that entirely," said he of the
Grove, "and in this way: before we begin the
battle, I will come up to your worship fair and
softly, and give you three or four buffets, with
which I shall stretch you at my feet and rouse
your anger, though it were sleeping sounder
than a dormouse."
"To match that plan," said Sancho, "I have
another that is not a whit behind it; I will take a
cudgel, and before your worship comes near
enough to waken my anger I will send yours so
sound to sleep with whacks, that it won't wa-
ken unless it be in the other world, where it is
known that I am not a man to let my face be
handled by anyone; let each look out for the
arrow—though the surer way would be to let
everyone's anger sleep, for nobody knows the
heart of anyone, and a man may come for wool
and go back shorn; God gave his blessing to
peace and his curse to quarrels; if a hunted cat,
surrounded and hard pressed, turns into a lion,
God knows what I, who am a man, may turn
into; and so from this time forth I warn you, sir
squire, that all the harm and mischief that may
come of our quarrel will be put down to your
account."
 "Very good," said he of the Grove; "God will
send the dawn and we shall be all right."
And now gay-plumaged birds of all sorts
began to warble in the trees, and with their
varied and gladsome notes seemed to welcome
and salute the fresh morn that was beginning to
show the beauty of her countenance at the ga-
tes and balconies of the east, shaking from her
locks a profusion of liquid pearls; in which dul-
cet moisture bathed, the plants, too, seemed to
shed and shower down a pearly spray, the wi-
llows distilled sweet manna, the fountains
laughed, the brooks babbled, the woods rejoi-
ced, and the meadows arrayed themselves in
all their glory at her coming. But hardly had the
light of day made it possible to see and distin-
guish things, when the first object that presen-
ted itself to the eyes of Sancho Panza was the
squire of the Grove's nose, which was so big
that it almost overshadowed his whole body. It
is, in fact, stated, that it was of enormous size,
hooked in the middle, covered with warts, and
of a mulberry colour like an egg-plant; it hung
down two fingers' length below his mouth, and
the size, the colour, the warts, and the bend of
it, made his face so hideous, that Sancho, as he
looked at him, began to tremble hand and foot
like a child in convulsions, and he vowed in his
heart to let himself be given two hundred buf-
fets, sooner than be provoked to fight that
monster. Don Quixote examined his adversary,
and found that he already had his helmet on
and visor lowered, so that he could not see his
face; he observed, however, that he was a stur-
dily built man, but not very tall in stature. Over
his armour he wore a surcoat or cassock of
what seemed to be the finest cloth of gold, all
bespangled with glittering mirrors like little
moons, which gave him an extremely gallant
and splendid appearance; above his helmet
fluttered a great quantity of plumes, green, ye-
llow, and white, and his lance, which was lea-
ning against a tree, was very long and stout,
and had a steel point more than a palm in
length.
Don Quixote observed all, and took note of
all, and from what he saw and observed he
concluded that the said knight must be a man
of great strength, but he did not for all that give
way to fear, like Sancho Panza; on the contrary,
with a composed and dauntless air, he said to
the Knight of the Mirrors, "If, sir knight, your
great eagerness to fight has not banished your
courtesy, by it I would entreat you to raise your
visor a little, in order that I may see if the come-
liness of your countenance corresponds with
that of your equipment."
"Whether you come victorious or vanquis-
hed out of this emprise, sir knight," replied he
of the Mirrors, "you will have more than
enough time and leisure to see me; and if now I
do not comply with your request, it is because
it seems to me I should do a serious wrong to
the fair Casildea de Vandalia in wasting time
while I stopped to raise my visor before compe-
lling you to confess what you are already aware
I maintain."
"Well then," said Don Quixote, "while we are
mounting you can at least tell me if I am that
Don Quixote whom you said you vanquished."
"To that we answer you," said he of the Mi-
rrors, "that you are as like the very knight I
vanquished as one egg is like another, but as
you say enchanters persecute you, I will not
venture to say positively whether you are the
said person or not."
"That," said Don Quixote, "is enough to con-
vince me that you are under a deception;
however, entirely to relieve you of it, let our
horses be brought, and in less time than it
would take you to raise your visor, if God, my
lady, and my arm stand me in good stead, I
shall see your face, and you shall see that I am
not the vanquished Don Quixote you take me
to be."
With this, cutting short the colloquy, they
mounted, and Don Quixote wheeled Rocinante
round in order to take a proper distance to
charge back upon his adversary, and he of the
Mirrors did the same; but Don Quixote had not
moved away twenty paces when he heard him-
self called by the other, and, each returning
half-way, he of the Mirrors said to him, "Re-
member, sir knight, that the terms of our com-
bat are, that the vanquished, as I said before,
shall be at the victor's disposal."
"I am aware of it already," said Don Quixote;
"provided what is commanded and imposed
upon the vanquished be things that do not
transgress the limits of chivalry."
"That is understood," replied he of the Mi-
rrors.
At this moment the extraordinary nose of
the squire presented itself to Don Quixote's
view, and he was no less amazed than Sancho
at the sight; insomuch that he set him down as
a monster of some kind, or a human being of
some new species or unearthly breed. Sancho,
seeing his master retiring to run his course, did
not like to be left alone with the nosy man, fea-
ring that with one flap of that nose on his own
the battle would be all over for him and he
would be left stretched on the ground, either by
the blow or with fright; so he ran after his mas-
ter, holding on to Rocinante's stirrup-leather,
and when it seemed to him time to turn about,
he said, "I implore of your worship, senor, be-
fore you turn to charge, to help me up into this
cork tree, from which I will be able to witness
the gallant encounter your worship is going to
have with this knight, more to my taste and
better than from the ground."
"It seems to me rather, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "that thou wouldst mount a scaffold in
order to see the bulls without danger."
"To tell the truth," returned Sancho, "the
monstrous nose of that squire has filled me
with fear and terror, and I dare not stay near
him."
 "It is," said Don Quixote, "such a one that
were I not what I am it would terrify me too;
so, come, I will help thee up where thou wilt."
While Don Quixote waited for Sancho to
mount into the cork tree he of the Mirrors took
as much ground as he considered requisite,
and, supposing Don Quixote to have done the
same, without waiting for any sound of trum-
pet or other signal to direct them, he wheeled
his horse, which was not more agile or better-
looking than Rocinante, and at his top speed,
which was an easy trot, he proceeded to charge
his enemy; seeing him, however, engaged in
putting Sancho up, he drew rein, and halted in
mid career, for which his horse was very grate-
ful, as he was already unable to go. Don Quixo-
te, fancying that his foe was coming down
upon him flying, drove his spurs vigorously
into Rocinante's lean flanks and made him scud
along in such style that the history tells us that
on this occasion only was he known to make
something like running, for on all others it was
a simple trot with him; and with this unparalle-
led fury he bore down where he of the Mirrors
stood digging his spurs into his horse up to
buttons, without being able to make him stir a
finger's length from the spot where he had co-
me to a standstill in his course. At this lucky
moment and crisis, Don Quixote came upon his
adversary, in trouble with his horse, and emba-
rrassed with his lance, which he either could
not manage, or had no time to lay in rest. Don
Quixote, however, paid no attention to these
difficulties, and in perfect safety to himself and
without any risk encountered him of the Mi-
rrors with such force that he brought him to the
ground in spite of himself over the haunches of
his horse, and with so heavy a fall that he lay to
all appearance dead, not stirring hand or foot.
The instant Sancho saw him fall he slid down
from the cork tree, and made all haste to where
his master was, who, dismounting from Roci-
nante, went and stood over him of the Mirrors,
and unlacing his helmet to see if he was dead,
and to give him air if he should happen to be
alive, he saw—who can say what he saw, wit-
hout filling all who hear it with astonishment,
wonder, and awe? He saw, the history says, the
very countenance, the very face, the very look,
the very physiognomy, the very effigy, the very
image of the bachelor Samson Carrasco! As
soon as he saw it he called out in a loud voice,
"Make haste here, Sancho, and behold what
thou art to see but not to believe; quick, my son,
and learn what magic can do, and wizards and
enchanters are capable of."
Sancho came up, and when he saw the coun-
tenance of the bachelor Carrasco, he fell to cros-
sing himself a thousand times, and blessing
himself as many more. All this time the prostra-
te knight showed no signs of life, and Sancho
said to Don Quixote, "It is my opinion, senor,
that in any case your worship should take and
thrust your sword into the mouth of this one
here that looks like the bachelor Samson Ca-
rrasco; perhaps in him you will kill one of your
enemies, the enchanters."
"Thy advice is not bad," said Don Quixote,
"for of enemies the fewer the better;" and he
was drawing his sword to carry into effect San-
cho's counsel and suggestion, when the squire
of the Mirrors came up, now without the nose
which had made him so hideous, and cried out
in a loud voice, "Mind what you are about, Se-
nor Don Quixote; that is your friend, the bache-
lor Samson Carrasco, you have at your feet, and
I am his squire."
"And the nose?" said Sancho, seeing him
without the hideous feature he had before; to
which he replied, "I have it here in my pocket,"
and putting his hand into his right pocket, he
pulled out a masquerade nose of varnished
pasteboard of the make already described; and
Sancho, examining him more and more closely,
exclaimed aloud in a voice of amazement,
"Holy Mary be good to me! Isn't it Tom Cecial,
my neighbour and gossip?"
 "Why, to be sure I am!" returned the now
unnosed squire; "Tom Cecial I am, gossip and
friend Sancho Panza; and I'll tell you presently
the means and tricks and falsehoods by which I
have been brought here; but in the meantime,
beg and entreat of your master not to touch,
maltreat, wound, or slay the Knight of the Mi-
rrors whom he has at his feet; because, beyond
all dispute, it is the rash and ill-advised bache-
lor Samson Carrasco, our fellow townsman."
At this moment he of the Mirrors came to
himself, and Don Quixote perceiving it, held
the naked point of his sword over his face, and
said to him, "You are a dead man, knight, un-
less you confess that the peerless Dulcinea del
Toboso excels your Casildea de Vandalia in
beauty; and in addition to this you must promi-
se, if you should survive this encounter and
fall, to go to the city of El Toboso and present
yourself before her on my behalf, that she deal
with you according to her good pleasure; and if
she leaves you free to do yours, you are in like
manner to return and seek me out (for the trail
of my mighty deeds will serve you as a guide
to lead you to where I may be), and tell me
what may have passed between you and her-
conditions which, in accordance with what we
stipulated before our combat, do not transgress
the just limits of knight-errantry."
"I confess," said the fallen knight, "that the
dirty tattered shoe of the lady Dulcinea del To-
boso is better than the ill-combed though clean
beard of Casildea; and I promise to go and to
return from her presence to yours, and to give
you a full and particular account of all you de-
mand of me."
"You must also confess and believe," added
Don Quixote, "that the knight you vanquished
was not and could not be Don Quixote of La
Mancha, but some one else in his likeness, just
as I confess and believe that you, though you
seem to be the bachelor Samson Carrasco, are
not so, but some other resembling him, whom
my enemies have here put before me in his
shape, in order that I may restrain and modera-
te the vehemence of my wrath, and make a gen-
tle use of the glory of my victory."
"I confess, hold, and think everything to be
as you believe, hold, and think it," the crippled
knight; "let me rise, I entreat you; if, indeed, the
shock of my fall will allow me, for it has left me
in a sorry plight enough."
Don Quixote helped him to rise, with the as-
sistance of his squire Tom Cecial; from whom
Sancho never took his eyes, and to whom he
put questions, the replies to which furnished
clear proof that he was really and truly the Tom
Cecial he said; but the impression made on
Sancho's mind by what his master said about
the enchanters having changed the face of the
Knight of the Mirrors into that of the bachelor
Samson Carrasco, would not permit him to
believe what he saw with his eyes. In fine, both
master and man remained under the delusion;
and, down in the mouth, and out of luck, he of
the Mirrors and his squire parted from Don
Quixote and Sancho, he meaning to go look for
some village where he could plaster and strap
his ribs. Don Quixote and Sancho resumed
their journey to Saragossa, and on it the history
leaves them in order that it may tell who the
Knight of the Mirrors and his long-nosed squire
were.

CHAPTER XV.

WHEREIN IT IS TOLD AND

KNOWN WHO THE KNIGHT OF THE
MIRRORS AND HIS SQUIRE WERE

Don Quixote went off satisfied, elated, and

vain-glorious in the highest degree at having
won a victory over such a valiant knight as he
fancied him of the Mirrors to be, and one from
whose knightly word he expected to learn
whether the enchantment of his lady still conti-
nued; inasmuch as the said vanquished knight
was bound, under the penalty of ceasing to be
one, to return and render him an account of
what took place between him and her. But Don
Quixote was of one mind, he of the Mirrors of
another, for he just then had no thought of
anything but finding some village where he
could plaster himself, as has been said already.
The history goes on to say, then, that when the
bachelor Samson Carrasco recommended Don
Quixote to resume his knight-errantry which he
had laid aside, it was in consequence of having
been previously in conclave with the curate and
the barber on the means to be adopted to indu-
ce Don Quixote to stay at home in peace and
quiet without worrying himself with his ill-
starred adventures; at which consultation it
was decided by the unanimous vote of all, and
on the special advice of Carrasco, that Don
Quixote should be allowed to go, as it seemed
impossible to restrain him, and that Samson
should sally forth to meet him as a knight-
errant, and do battle with him, for there would
be no difficulty about a cause, and vanquish
him, that being looked upon as an easy matter;
and that it should be agreed and settled that the
vanquished was to be at the mercy of the victor.
Then, Don Quixote being vanquished, the ba-
chelor knight was to command him to return to
his village and his house, and not quit it for two
years, or until he received further orders from
him; all which it was clear Don Quixote would
unhesitatingly obey, rather than contravene or
fail to observe the laws of chivalry; and during
the period of his seclusion he might perhaps
forget his folly, or there might be an opportuni-
ty of discovering some ready remedy for his
madness. Carrasco undertook the task, and
Tom Cecial, a gossip and neighbour of Sancho
Panza's, a lively, feather-headed fellow, offered
himself as his squire. Carrasco armed himself
in the fashion described, and Tom Cecial, that
he might not be known by his gossip when
they met, fitted on over his own natural nose
the false masquerade one that has been men-
tioned; and so they followed the same route
Don Quixote took, and almost came up with
him in time to be present at the adventure of
the cart of Death and finally encountered them
in the grove, where all that the sagacious reader
has been reading about took place; and had it
not been for the extraordinary fancies of Don
Quixote, and his conviction that the bachelor
was not the bachelor, senor bachelor would
have been incapacitated for ever from taking
his degree of licentiate, all through not finding
nests where he thought to find birds.
Tom Cecial, seeing how ill they had succee-
ded, and what a sorry end their expedition had
come to, said to the bachelor, "Sure enough,
Senor Samson Carrasco, we are served right; it
is easy enough to plan and set about an enter-
prise, but it is often a difficult matter to come
well out of it. Don Quixote a madman, and we
sane; he goes off laughing, safe, and sound, and
you are left sore and sorry! I'd like to know
now which is the madder, he who is so because
he cannot help it, or he who is so of his own
choice?"
To which Samson replied, "The difference
between the two sorts of madmen is, that he
who is so will he nil he, will be one always,
while he who is so of his own accord can leave
off being one whenever he likes."
"In that case," said Tom Cecial, "I was a
madman of my own accord when I volunteered
to become your squire, and, of my own accord,
I'll leave off being one and go home."
"That's your affair," returned Samson, "but
to suppose that I am going home until I have
given Don Quixote a thrashing is absurd; and it
is not any wish that he may recover his senses
that will make me hunt him out now, but a
wish for the sore pain I am in with my ribs
won't let me entertain more charitable
thoughts."
Thus discoursing, the pair proceeded until
they reached a town where it was their good
luck to find a bone-setter, with whose help the
unfortunate Samson was cured. Tom Cecial left
him and went home, while he stayed behind
meditating vengeance; and the history will re-
turn to him again at the proper time, so as not
to omit making merry with Don Quixote now.

CHAPTER XVI.

OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE

WITH A DISCREET GENTLEMAN OF
LA MANCHA
 Don Quixote pursued his journey in the high
spirits, satisfaction, and self-complacency al-
ready described, fancying himself the most
valorous knight-errant of the age in the world
because of his late victory. All the adventures
that could befall him from that time forth he
regarded as already done and brought to a
happy issue; he made light of enchantments
and enchanters; he thought no more of the
countless drubbings that had been administe-
red to him in the course of his knight-errantry,
nor of the volley of stones that had levelled half
his teeth, nor of the ingratitude of the galley
slaves, nor of the audacity of the Yanguesans
and the shower of stakes that fell upon him; in
short, he said to himself that could he discover
any means, mode, or way of disenchanting his
lady Dulcinea, he would not envy the highest
fortune that the most fortunate knight-errant of
yore ever reached or could reach.
He was going along entirely absorbed in
these fancies, when Sancho said to him, "Isn't it
odd, senor, that I have still before my eyes that
monstrous enormous nose of my gossip, Tom
Cecial?"
"And dost thou, then, believe, Sancho," said
Don Quixote, "that the
Knight of the Mirrors was the bachelor Carras-
co, and his squire Tom
Cecial thy gossip?"
"I don't know what to say to that," replied
Sancho; "all I know is that the tokens he gave
me about my own house, wife and children,
nobody else but himself could have given me;
and the face, once the nose was off, was the
very face of Tom Cecial, as I have seen it many
a time in my town and next door to my own
house; and the sound of the voice was just the
same."
"Let us reason the matter, Sancho," said Don
Quixote. "Come now, by what process of thin-
king can it be supposed that the bachelor Sam-
son Carrasco would come as a knight-errant, in
arms offensive and defensive, to fight with me?
Have I ever been by any chance his enemy?
Have I ever given him any occasion to owe me
a grudge? Am I his rival, or does he profess
arms, that he should envy the fame I have ac-
quired in them?"
"Well, but what are we to say, senor," retur-
ned Sancho, "about that knight, whoever he is,
being so like the bachelor Carrasco, and his
squire so like my gossip, Tom Cecial? And if
that be enchantment, as your worship says, was
there no other pair in the world for them to
take the likeness of?"
"It is all," said Don Quixote, "a scheme and
plot of the malignant magicians that persecute
me, who, foreseeing that I was to be victorious
in the conflict, arranged that the vanquished
knight should display the countenance of my
friend the bachelor, in order that the friendship
I bear him should interpose to stay the edge of
my sword and might of my arm, and temper
the just wrath of my heart; so that he who
sought to take my life by fraud and falsehood
should save his own. And to prove it, thou
knowest already, Sancho, by experience which
cannot lie or deceive, how easy it is for enchan-
ters to change one countenance into another,
turning fair into foul, and foul into fair; for it is
not two days since thou sawest with thine own
eyes the beauty and elegance of the peerless
Dulcinea in all its perfection and natural har-
mony, while I saw her in the repulsive and me-
an form of a coarse country wench, with cata-
racts in her eyes and a foul smell in her mouth;
and when the perverse enchanter ventured to
effect so wicked a transformation, it is no won-
der if he effected that of Samson Carrasco and
thy gossip in order to snatch the glory of victo-
ry out of my grasp. For all that, however, I con-
sole myself, because, after all, in whatever sha-
pe he may have been, I have victorious over my
enemy."
"God knows what's the truth of it all," said
Sancho; and knowing as he did that the trans-
formation of Dulcinea had been a device and
imposition of his own, his master's illusions
were not satisfactory to him; but he did not like
to reply lest he should say something that
might disclose his trickery.
As they were engaged in this conversation
they were overtaken by a man who was follo-
wing the same road behind them, mounted on
a very handsome flea-bitten mare, and dressed
in a gaban of fine green cloth, with tawny vel-
vet facings, and a montera of the same velvet.
The trappings of the mare were of the field and
jineta fashion, and of mulberry colour and gre-
en. He carried a Moorish cutlass hanging from
a broad green and gold baldric; the buskins
were of the same make as the baldric; the spurs
were not gilt, but lacquered green, and so
brightly polished that, matching as they did the
rest of his apparel, they looked better than if
they had been of pure gold.
When the traveller came up with them he sa-
luted them courteously, and spurring his mare
was passing them without stopping, but Don
Quixote called out to him, "Gallant sir, if so be
your worship is going our road, and has no
occasion for speed, it would be a pleasure to me
if we were to join company."
"In truth," replied he on the mare, "I would
not pass you so hastily but for fear that horse
might turn restive in the company of my mare."
"You may safely hold in your mare, senor,"
said Sancho in reply to this, "for our horse is the
most virtuous and well-behaved horse in the
world; he never does anything wrong on such
occasions, and the only time he misbehaved,
my master and I suffered for it sevenfold; I say
again your worship may pull up if you like; for
if she was offered to him between two plates
the horse would not hanker after her."
The traveller drew rein, amazed at the trim
and features of Don Quixote, who rode without
his helmet, which Sancho carried like a valise in
front of Dapple's pack-saddle; and if the man in
green examined Don Quixote closely, still more
closely did Don Quixote examine the man in
green, who struck him as being a man of inte-
lligence. In appearance he was about fifty years
of age, with but few grey hairs, an aquiline cast
of features, and an expression between grave
and gay; and his dress and accoutrements sho-
wed him to be a man of good condition. What
he in green thought of Don Quixote of La Man-
cha was that a man of that sort and shape he
had never yet seen; he marvelled at the length
of his hair, his lofty stature, the lankness and
sallowness of his countenance, his armour, his
bearing and his gravity—a figure and picture
such as had not been seen in those regions for
many a long day.
Don Quixote saw very plainly the attention
with which the traveller was regarding him,
and read his curiosity in his astonishment; and
courteous as he was and ready to please every-
body, before the other could ask him any ques-
tion he anticipated him by saying, "The appea-
rance I present to your worship being so stran-
ge and so out of the common, I should not be
surprised if it filled you with wonder; but you
will cease to wonder when I tell you, as I do,
that I am one of those knights who, as people
say, go seeking adventures. I have left my
home, I have mortgaged my estate, I have gi-
ven up my comforts, and committed myself to
the arms of Fortune, to bear me whithersoever
she may please. My desire was to bring to life
again knight-errantry, now dead, and for some
time past, stumbling here, falling there, now
coming down headlong, now raising myself up
again, I have carried out a great portion of my
design, succouring widows, protecting mai-
dens, and giving aid to wives, orphans, and
minors, the proper and natural duty of knights-
errant; and, therefore, because of my many va-
liant and Christian achievements, I have been
already found worthy to make my way in print
to well-nigh all, or most, of the nations of the
earth. Thirty thousand volumes of my history
have been printed, and it is on the high-road to
be printed thirty thousand thousands of times,
if heaven does not put a stop to it. In short, to
sum up all in a few words, or in a single one, I
may tell you I am Don Quixote of La Mancha,
otherwise called 'The Knight of the Rueful
Countenance;' for though self-praise is degra-
ding, I must perforce sound my own someti-
mes, that is to say, when there is no one at hand
to do it for me. So that, gentle sir, neither this
horse, nor this lance, nor this shield, nor this
squire, nor all these arms put together, nor the
sallowness of my countenance, nor my gaunt
leanness, will henceforth astonish you, now
that you know who I am and what profession I
follow."
With these words Don Quixote held his pea-
ce, and, from the time he took to answer, the
man in green seemed to be at a loss for a reply;
after a long pause, however, he said to him,
"You were right when you saw curiosity in my
amazement, sir knight; but you have not suc-
ceeded in removing the astonishment I feel at
seeing you; for although you say, senor, that
knowing who you are ought to remove it, it has
not done so; on the contrary, now that I know, I
am left more amazed and astonished than befo-
re. What! is it possible that there are knights-
errant in the world in these days, and histories
of real chivalry printed? I cannot realise the fact
that there can be anyone on earth now-a-days
who aids widows, or protects maidens, or de-
fends wives, or succours orphans; nor should I
believe it had I not seen it in your worship with
my own eyes. Blessed be heaven! for by means
of this history of your noble and genuine chi-
valrous deeds, which you say has been printed,
the countless stories of fictitious knights-errant
with which the world is filled, so much to the
injury of morality and the prejudice and dis-
credit of good histories, will have been driven
into oblivion."
"There is a good deal to be said on that
point," said Don Quixote, "as to whether the
histories of the knights-errant are fiction or
not."
 "Why, is there anyone who doubts that those
histories are false?" said the man in green.
"I doubt it," said Don Quixote, "but never
mind that just now; if our journey lasts long
enough, I trust in God I shall show your wors-
hip that you do wrong in going with the stream
of those who regard it as a matter of certainty
that they are not true."
From this last observation of Don Quixote's,
the traveller began to have a suspicion that he
was some crazy being, and was waiting him to
confirm it by something further; but before
they could turn to any new subject Don Quixo-
te begged him to tell him who he was, since he
himself had rendered account of his station and
life. To this, he in the green gaban replied "I, Sir
Knight of the Rueful Countenance, am a gen-
tleman by birth, native of the village where,
please God, we are going to dine today; I am
more than fairly well off, and my name is Don
Diego de Miranda. I pass my life with my wife,
children, and friends; my pursuits are hunting
and fishing, but I keep neither hawks nor grey-
hounds, nothing but a tame partridge or a bold
ferret or two; I have six dozen or so of books,
some in our mother tongue, some Latin, some
of them history, others devotional; those of chi-
valry have not as yet crossed the threshold of
my door; I am more given to turning over the
profane than the devotional, so long as they are
books of honest entertainment that charm by
their style and attract and interest by the inven-
tion they display, though of these there are ve-
ry few in Spain. Sometimes I dine with my
neighbours and friends, and often invite them;
my entertainments are neat and well served
without stint of anything. I have no taste for
tattle, nor do I allow tattling in my presence; I
pry not into my neighbours' lives, nor have I
lynx-eyes for what others do. I hear mass every
day; I share my substance with the poor, ma-
king no display of good works, lest I let hypo-
crisy and vainglory, those enemies that subtly
take possession of the most watchful heart, find
an entrance into mine. I strive to make peace
between those whom I know to be at variance; I
am the devoted servant of Our Lady, and my
trust is ever in the infinite mercy of God our
Lord."
Sancho listened with the greatest attention
to the account of the gentleman's life and occu-
pation; and thinking it a good and a holy life,
and that he who led it ought to work miracles,
he threw himself off Dapple, and running in
haste seized his right stirrup and kissed his foot
again and again with a devout heart and almost
with tears.
Seeing this the gentleman asked him, "What
are you about, brother? What are these kisses
for?"
"Let me kiss," said Sancho, "for I think your
worship is the first saint in the saddle I ever
saw all the days of my life."
"I am no saint," replied the gentleman, "but a
great sinner; but you are, brother, for you must
be a good fellow, as your simplicity shows."
 Sancho went back and regained his pack-
saddle, having extracted a laugh from his mas-
ter's profound melancholy, and excited fresh
amazement in Don Diego. Don Quixote then
asked him how many children he had, and ob-
served that one of the things wherein the an-
cient philosophers, who were without the true
knowledge of God, placed the summum bo-
num was in the gifts of nature, in those of for-
tune, in having many friends, and many and
good children.
"I, Senor Don Quixote," answered the gen-
tleman, "have one son, without whom, perhaps,
I should count myself happier than I am, not
because he is a bad son, but because he is not so
good as I could wish. He is eighteen years of
age; he has been for six at Salamanca studying
Latin and Greek, and when I wished him to
turn to the study of other sciences I found him
so wrapped up in that of poetry (if that can be
called a science) that there is no getting him to
take kindly to the law, which I wished him to
study, or to theology, the queen of them all. I
would like him to be an honour to his family,
as we live in days when our kings liberally re-
ward learning that is virtuous and worthy; for
learning without virtue is a pearl on a dunghill.
He spends the whole day in settling whether
Homer expressed himself correctly or not in
such and such a line of the Iliad, whether Mar-
tial was indecent or not in such and such an
epigram, whether such and such lines of Virgil
are to be understood in this way or in that; in
short, all his talk is of the works of these poets,
and those of Horace, Perseus, Juvenal, and Ti-
bullus; for of the moderns in our own language
he makes no great account; but with all his
seeming indifference to Spanish poetry, just
now his thoughts are absorbed in making a
gloss on four lines that have been sent him
from Salamanca, which I suspect are for some
poetical tournament."
To all this Don Quixote said in reply, "Chil-
dren, senor, are portions of their parents' bo-
wels, and therefore, be they good or bad, are to
be loved as we love the souls that give us life; it
is for the parents to guide them from infancy in
the ways of virtue, propriety, and worthy
Christian conduct, so that when grown up they
may be the staff of their parents' old age, and
the glory of their posterity; and to force them to
study this or that science I do not think wise,
though it may be no harm to persuade them;
and when there is no need to study for the sake
of pane lucrando, and it is the student's good
fortune that heaven has given him parents who
provide him with it, it would be my advice to
them to let him pursue whatever science they
may see him most inclined to; and though that
of poetry is less useful than pleasurable, it is
not one of those that bring discredit upon the
possessor. Poetry, gentle sir, is, as I take it, like
a tender young maiden of supreme beauty, to
array, bedeck, and adorn whom is the task of
several other maidens, who are all the rest of
the sciences; and she must avail herself of the
help of all, and all derive their lustre from her.
But this maiden will not bear to be handled, nor
dragged through the streets, nor exposed either
at the corners of the market-places, or in the
closets of palaces. She is the product of an Al-
chemy of such virtue that he who is able to
practise it, will turn her into pure gold of ines-
timable worth. He that possesses her must keep
her within bounds, not permitting her to break
out in ribald satires or soulless sonnets. She
must on no account be offered for sale, unless,
indeed, it be in heroic poems, moving trage-
dies, or sprightly and ingenious comedies. She
must not be touched by the buffoons, nor by
the ignorant vulgar, incapable of comprehen-
ding or appreciating her hidden treasures. And
do not suppose, senor, that I apply the term
vulgar here merely to plebeians and the lower
orders; for everyone who is ignorant, be he lord
or prince, may and should be included among
the vulgar. He, then, who shall embrace and
cultivate poetry under the conditions I have
named, shall become famous, and his name
honoured throughout all the civilised nations
of the earth. And with regard to what you say,
senor, of your son having no great opinion of
Spanish poetry, I am inclined to think that he is
not quite right there, and for this reason: the
great poet Homer did not write in Latin, becau-
se he was a Greek, nor did Virgil write in Gre-
ek, because he was a Latin; in short, all the an-
cient poets wrote in the language they imbibed
with their mother's milk, and never went in
quest of foreign ones to express their sublime
conceptions; and that being so, the usage
should in justice extend to all nations, and the
German poet should not be undervalued be-
cause he writes in his own language, nor the
Castilian, nor even the Biscayan, for writing in
his. But your son, senor, I suspect, is not preju-
diced against Spanish poetry, but against those
poets who are mere Spanish verse writers, wit-
hout any knowledge of other languages or
sciences to adorn and give life and vigour to
their natural inspiration; and yet even in this he
may be wrong; for, according to a true belief, a
poet is born one; that is to say, the poet by na-
ture comes forth a poet from his mother's
womb; and following the bent that heaven has
bestowed upon him, without the aid of study
or art, he produces things that show how truly
he spoke who said, 'Est Deus in nobis,' etc. At
the same time, I say that the poet by nature
who calls in art to his aid will be a far better
poet, and will surpass him who tries to be one
relying upon his knowledge of art alone. The
reason is, that art does not surpass nature, but
only brings it to perfection; and thus, nature
combined with art, and art with nature, will
produce a perfect poet. To bring my argument
to a close, I would say then, gentle sir, let your
son go on as his star leads him, for being so
studious as he seems to be, and having already
successfully surmounted the first step of the
sciences, which is that of the languages, with
their help he will by his own exertions reach
the summit of polite literature, which so well
becomes an independent gentleman, and
adorns, honours, and distinguishes him, as
much as the mitre does the bishop, or the gown
the learned counsellor. If your son write satires
reflecting on the honour of others, chide and
correct him, and tear them up; but if he compo-
se discourses in which he rebukes vice in gene-
ral, in the style of Horace, and with elegance
like his, commend him; for it is legitimate for a
poet to write against envy and lash the envious
in his verse, and the other vices too, provided
he does not single out individuals; there are,
however, poets who, for the sake of saying so-
mething spiteful, would run the risk of being
banished to the coast of Pontus. If the poet be
pure in his morals, he will be pure in his verses
too; the pen is the tongue of the mind, and as
the thought engendered there, so will be the
things that it writes down. And when kings
and princes observe this marvellous science of
poetry in wise, virtuous, and thoughtful sub-
jects, they honour, value, exalt them, and even
crown them with the leaves of that tree which
the thunderbolt strikes not, as if to show that
they whose brows are honoured and adorned
with such a crown are not to be assailed by an-
yone."
He of the green gaban was filled with asto-
nishment at Don Quixote's argument, so much
so that he began to abandon the notion he had
taken up about his being crazy. But in the
middle of the discourse, it being not very much
to his taste, Sancho had turned aside out of the
road to beg a little milk from some shepherds,
who were milking their ewes hard by; and just
as the gentleman, highly pleased, was about to
renew the conversation, Don Quixote, raising
his head, perceived a cart covered with royal
flags coming along the road they were trave-
lling; and persuaded that this must be some
new adventure, he called aloud to Sancho to
come and bring him his helmet. Sancho, hea-
ring himself called, quitted the shepherds, and,
prodding Dapple vigorously, came up to his
master, to whom there fell a terrific and despe-
rate adventure.

CHAPTER XVII.

WHEREIN IS SHOWN THE FURT-

HEST AND HIGHEST POINT WHICH
THE UNEXAMPLED COURAGE OF
DON QUIXOTE REACHED OR
COULD REACH; TOGETHER WITH
THE HAPPILY ACHIEVED ADVEN-
TURE OF THE LIONS

The history tells that when Don Quixote ca-

lled out to Sancho to bring him his helmet, San-
cho was buying some curds the shepherds
agreed to sell him, and flurried by the great
haste his master was in did not know what to
do with them or what to carry them in; so, not
to lose them, for he had already paid for them,
he thought it best to throw them into his mas-
ter's helmet, and acting on this bright idea he
went to see what his master wanted with him.
He, as he approached, exclaimed to him:
"Give me that helmet, my friend, for either I
know little of adventures, or what I observe
yonder is one that will, and does, call upon me
to arm myself."
He of the green gaban, on hearing this, loo-
ked in all directions, but could perceive not-
hing, except a cart coming towards them with
two or three small flags, which led him to con-
clude it must be carrying treasure of the King's,
and he said so to Don Quixote. He, however,
would not believe him, being always persua-
ded and convinced that all that happened to
him must be adventures and still more adven-
tures; so he replied to the gentleman, "He who
is prepared has his battle half fought; nothing is
lost by my preparing myself, for I know by ex-
perience that I have enemies, visible and invisi-
ble, and I know not when, or where, or at what
moment, or in what shapes they will attack
me;" and turning to Sancho he called for his
helmet; and Sancho, as he had no time to take
out the curds, had to give it just as it was. Don
Quixote took it, and without perceiving what
was in it thrust it down in hot haste upon his
head; but as the curds were pressed and squee-
zed the whey began to run all over his face and
beard, whereat he was so startled that he cried
out to Sancho:
"Sancho, what's this? I think my head is sof-
tening, or my brains are melting, or I am swea-
ting from head to foot! If I am sweating it is not
indeed from fear. I am convinced beyond a
doubt that the adventure which is about to be-
fall me is a terrible one. Give me something to
wipe myself with, if thou hast it, for this profu-
se sweat is blinding me."
Sancho held his tongue, and gave him a
cloth, and gave thanks to God at the same time
that his master had not found out what was the
matter. Don Quixote then wiped himself, and
took off his helmet to see what it was that made
his head feel so cool, and seeing all that white
mash inside his helmet he put it to his nose,
and as soon as he had smelt it he exclaimed:
"By the life of my lady Dulcinea del Toboso,
but it is curds thou hast put here, thou treache-
rous, impudent, ill-mannered squire!"
To which, with great composure and pre-
tended innocence, Sancho replied, "If they are
curds let me have them, your worship, and I'll
eat them; but let the devil eat them, for it must
have been he who put them there. I dare to dir-
ty your helmet! You have guessed the offender
finely! Faith, sir, by the light God gives me, it
seems I must have enchanters too, that persecu-
te me as a creature and limb of your worship,
and they must have put that nastiness there in
order to provoke your patience to anger, and
make you baste my ribs as you are wont to do.
Well, this time, indeed, they have missed their
aim, for I trust to my master's good sense to see
that I have got no curds or milk, or anything of
the sort; and that if I had it is in my stomach I
would put it and not in the helmet."
"May be so," said Don Quixote. All this the
gentleman was observing, and with astonish-
ment, more especially when, after having wi-
ped himself clean, his head, face, beard, and
helmet, Don Quixote put it on, and settling
himself firmly in his stirrups, easing his sword
in the scabbard, and grasping his lance, he
cried, "Now, come who will, here am I, ready to
try conclusions with Satan himself in person!"
By this time the cart with the flags had come
up, unattended by anyone except the carter on
a mule, and a man sitting in front. Don Quixote
planted himself before it and said, "Whither are
you going, brothers? What cart is this? What
have you got in it? What flags are those?"
To this the carter replied, "The cart is mine;
what is in it is a pair of wild caged lions, which
the governor of Oran is sending to court as a
present to his Majesty; and the flags are our
lord the King's, to show that what is here is his
property."
"And are the lions large?" asked Don Quixo-
te.
"So large," replied the man who sat at the
door of the cart, "that larger, or as large, have
never crossed from Africa to Spain; I am the
keeper, and I have brought over others, but
never any like these. They are male and female;
the male is in that first cage and the female in
the one behind, and they are hungry now, for
they have eaten nothing to-day, so let your
worship stand aside, for we must make haste to
the place where we are to feed them."
Hereupon, smiling slightly, Don Quixote ex-
claimed, "Lion-whelps to me! to me whelps of
lions, and at such a time! Then, by God! those
gentlemen who send them here shall see if I am
a man to be frightened by lions. Get down, my
good fellow, and as you are the keeper open
the cages, and turn me out those beasts, and in
the midst of this plain I will let them know who
Don Quixote of La Mancha is, in spite and in
the teeth of the enchanters who send them to
me."
"So, so," said the gentleman to himself at
this; "our worthy knight has shown of what
sort he is; the curds, no doubt, have softened
his skull and brought his brains to a head."
At this instant Sancho came up to him, sa-
ying, "Senor, for God's sake do something to
keep my master, Don Quixote, from tackling
these lions; for if he does they'll tear us all to
pieces here."
"Is your master then so mad," asked the gen-
tleman, "that you believe and are afraid he will
engage such fierce animals?"
 "He is not mad," said Sancho, "but he is ven-
turesome."
"I will prevent it," said the gentleman; and
going over to Don Quixote, who was insisting
upon the keeper's opening the cages, he said to
him, "Sir knight, knights-errant should attempt
adventures which encourage the hope of a suc-
cessful issue, not those which entirely withhold
it; for valour that trenches upon temerity sa-
vours rather of madness than of courage; mo-
reover, these lions do not come to oppose you,
nor do they dream of such a thing; they are
going as presents to his Majesty, and it will not
be right to stop them or delay their journey."
"Gentle sir," replied Don Quixote, "you go
and mind your tame partridge and your bold
ferret, and leave everyone to manage his own
business; this is mine, and I know whether the-
se gentlemen the lions come to me or not;" and
then turning to the keeper he exclaimed, "By all
that's good, sir scoundrel, if you don't open the
cages this very instant, I'll pin you to the cart
with this lance."
The carter, seeing the determination of this
apparition in armour, said to him, "Please your
worship, for charity's sake, senor, let me unyo-
ke the mules and place myself in safety along
with them before the lions are turned out; for if
they kill them on me I am ruined for life, for all
I possess is this cart and mules."
"O man of little faith," replied Don Quixote,
"get down and unyoke; you will soon see that
you are exerting yourself for nothing, and that
you might have spared yourself the trouble."
The carter got down and with all speed un-
yoked the mules, and the keeper called out at
the top of his voice, "I call all here to witness
that against my will and under compulsion I
open the cages and let the lions loose, and that I
warn this gentleman that he will be accountable
for all the harm and mischief which these be-
asts may do, and for my salary and dues as
well. You, gentlemen, place yourselves in safety
before I open, for I know they will do me no
harm."
Once more the gentleman strove to persuade
Don Quixote not to do such a mad thing, as it
was tempting God to engage in such a piece of
folly. To this, Don Quixote replied that he knew
what he was about. The gentleman in return
entreated him to reflect, for he knew he was
under a delusion.
"Well, senor," answered Don Quixote, "if
you do not like to be a spectator of this tragedy,
as in your opinion it will be, spur your flea-
bitten mare, and place yourself in safety."
Hearing this, Sancho with tears in his eyes
entreated him to give up an enterprise compa-
red with which the one of the windmills, and
the awful one of the fulling mills, and, in fact,
all the feats he had attempted in the whole
course of his life, were cakes and fancy bread.
"Look ye, senor," said Sancho, "there's no en-
chantment here, nor anything of the sort, for
between the bars and chinks of the cage I have
seen the paw of a real lion, and judging by that
I reckon the lion such a paw could belong to
must be bigger than a mountain."
"Fear at any rate," replied Don Quixote, "will
make him look bigger to thee than half the
world. Retire, Sancho, and leave me; and if I die
here thou knowest our old compact; thou wilt
repair to Dulcinea—I say no more." To these he
added some further words that banished all
hope of his giving up his insane project. He of
the green gaban would have offered resistance,
but he found himself ill-matched as to arms,
and did not think it prudent to come to blows
with a madman, for such Don Quixote now
showed himself to be in every respect; and the
latter, renewing his commands to the keeper
and repeating his threats, gave warning to the
gentleman to spur his mare, Sancho his Dapple,
and the carter his mules, all striving to get
away from the cart as far as they could before
the lions broke loose. Sancho was weeping over
his master's death, for this time he firmly belie-
ved it was in store for him from the claws of the
lions; and he cursed his fate and called it an
unlucky hour when he thought of taking servi-
ce with him again; but with all his tears and
lamentations he did not forget to thrash Dapple
so as to put a good space between himself and
the cart. The keeper, seeing that the fugitives
were now some distance off, once more entrea-
ted and warned him as before; but he replied
that he heard him, and that he need not trouble
himself with any further warnings or entrea-
ties, as they would be fruitless, and bade him
make haste.
During the delay that occurred while the
keeper was opening the first cage, Don Quixote
was considering whether it would not be well
to do battle on foot, instead of on horseback,
and finally resolved to fight on foot, fearing
that Rocinante might take fright at the sight of
the lions; he therefore sprang off his horse,
flung his lance aside, braced his buckler on his
arm, and drawing his sword, advanced slowly
with marvellous intrepidity and resolute cou-
rage, to plant himself in front of the cart, com-
mending himself with all his heart to God and
to his lady Dulcinea.
It is to be observed, that on coming to this
passage, the author of this veracious history
breaks out into exclamations. "O doughty Don
Quixote! high-mettled past extolling! Mirror,
wherein all the heroes of the world may see
themselves! Second modern Don Manuel de
Leon, once the glory and honour of Spanish
knighthood! In what words shall I describe this
dread exploit, by what language shall I make it
credible to ages to come, what eulogies are the-
re unmeet for thee, though they be hyperboles
piled on hyperboles! On foot, alone, undaun-
ted, high-souled, with but a simple sword, and
that no trenchant blade of the Perrillo brand, a
shield, but no bright polished steel one, there
stoodst thou, biding and awaiting the two fier-
cest lions that Africa's forests ever bred! Thy
own deeds be thy praise, valiant Manchegan,
and here I leave them as they stand, wanting
the words wherewith to glorify them!"
Here the author's outburst came to an end,
and he proceeded to take up the thread of his
story, saying that the keeper, seeing that Don
Quixote had taken up his position, and that it
was impossible for him to avoid letting out the
male without incurring the enmity of the fiery
and daring knight, flung open the doors of the
first cage, containing, as has been said, the lion,
which was now seen to be of enormous size,
and grim and hideous mien. The first thing he
did was to turn round in the cage in which he
lay, and protrude his claws, and stretch himself
thoroughly; he next opened his mouth, and
yawned very leisurely, and with near two
palms' length of tongue that he had thrust
forth, he licked the dust out of his eyes and
washed his face; having done this, he put his
head out of the cage and looked all round with
eyes like glowing coals, a spectacle and demea-
nour to strike terror into temerity itself. Don
Quixote merely observed him steadily, longing
for him to leap from the cart and come to close
quarters with him, when he hoped to hew him
in pieces.
So far did his unparalleled madness go; but
the noble lion, more courteous than arrogant,
not troubling himself about silly bravado, after
having looked all round, as has been said, tur-
ned about and presented his hind-quarters to
Don Quixote, and very coolly and tranquilly
lay down again in the cage. Seeing this, Don
Quixote ordered the keeper to take a stick to
him and provoke him to make him come out.
"That I won't," said the keeper; "for if I anger
him, the first he'll tear in pieces will be myself.
Be satisfied, sir knight, with what you have
done, which leaves nothing more to be said on
the score of courage, and do not seek to tempt
fortune a second time. The lion has the door
open; he is free to come out or not to come out;
but as he has not come out so far, he will not
come out to-day. Your worship's great courage
has been fully manifested already; no brave
champion, so it strikes me, is bound to do more
than challenge his enemy and wait for him on
the field; if his adversary does not come, on
him lies the disgrace, and he who waits for him
carries off the crown of victory."
"That is true," said Don Quixote; "close the
door, my friend, and let me have, in the best
form thou canst, what thou hast seen me do, by
way of certificate; to wit, that thou didst open
for the lion, that I waited for him, that he did
not come out, that I still waited for him, and
that still he did not come out, and lay down
again. I am not bound to do more; enchant-
ments avaunt, and God uphold the right, the
truth, and true chivalry! Close the door as I
bade thee, while I make signals to the fugitives
that have left us, that they may learn this ex-
ploit from thy lips."
The keeper obeyed, and Don Quixote, fixing
on the point of his lance the cloth he had wiped
his face with after the deluge of curds, procee-
ded to recall the others, who still continued to
fly, looking back at every step, all in a body, the
gentleman bringing up the rear. Sancho, howe-
ver, happening to observe the signal of the whi-
te cloth, exclaimed, "May I die, if my master has
not overcome the wild beasts, for he is calling
to us."
They all stopped, and perceived that it was
Don Quixote who was making signals, and
shaking off their fears to some extent, they ap-
proached slowly until they were near enough
to hear distinctly Don Quixote's voice calling to
them. They returned at length to the cart, and
as they came up, Don Quixote said to the car-
ter, "Put your mules to once more, brother, and
continue your journey; and do thou, Sancho,
give him two gold crowns for himself and the
keeper, to compensate for the delay they have
incurred through me."
"That will I give with all my heart," said
Sancho; "but what has become of the lions? Are
they dead or alive?"
 The keeper, then, in full detail, and bit by bi-
t, described the end of the contest, exalting to
the best of his power and ability the valour of
Don Quixote, at the sight of whom the lion
quailed, and would not and dared not come out
of the cage, although he had held the door open
ever so long; and showing how, in consequence
of his having represented to the knight that it
was tempting God to provoke the lion in order
to force him out, which he wished to have do-
ne, he very reluctantly, and altogether against
his will, had allowed the door to be closed.
"What dost thou think of this, Sancho?" said
Don Quixote. "Are there any enchantments that
can prevail against true valour? The enchanters
may be able to rob me of good fortune, but of
fortitude and courage they cannot."
Sancho paid the crowns, the carter put to,
the keeper kissed Don Quixote's hands for the
bounty bestowed upon him, and promised to
give an account of the valiant exploit to the
King himself, as soon as he saw him at court.
 "Then," said Don Quixote, "if his Majesty
should happen to ask who performed it, you
must say THE KNIGHT OF THE LIONS; for it
is my desire that into this the name I have hit-
herto borne of Knight of the Rueful Countenan-
ce be from this time forward changed, altered,
transformed, and turned; and in this I follow
the ancient usage of knights-errant, who chan-
ged their names when they pleased, or when it
suited their purpose."
The cart went its way, and Don Quixote,
Sancho, and he of the green gaban went theirs.
All this time, Don Diego de Miranda had not
spoken a word, being entirely taken up with
observing and noting all that Don Quixote did
and said, and the opinion he formed was that
he was a man of brains gone mad, and a mad-
man on the verge of rationality. The first part of
his history had not yet reached him, for, had he
read it, the amazement with which his words
and deeds filled him would have vanished, as
he would then have understood the nature of
his madness; but knowing nothing of it, he took
him to be rational one moment, and crazy the
next, for what he said was sensible, elegant,
and well expressed, and what he did, absurd,
rash, and foolish; and said he to himself, "What
could be madder than putting on a helmet full
of curds, and then persuading oneself that en-
chanters are softening one's skull; or what
could be greater rashness and folly than wan-
ting to fight lions tooth and nail?"
Don Quixote roused him from these reflec-
tions and this soliloquy by saying, "No doubt,
Senor Don Diego de Miranda, you set me down
in your mind as a fool and a madman, and it
would be no wonder if you did, for my deeds
do not argue anything else. But for all that, I
would have you take notice that I am neither so
mad nor so foolish as I must have seemed to
you. A gallant knight shows to advantage brin-
ging his lance to bear adroitly upon a fierce bull
under the eyes of his sovereign, in the midst of
a spacious plaza; a knight shows to advantage
arrayed in glittering armour, pacing the lists
before the ladies in some joyous tournament,
and all those knights show to advantage that
entertain, divert, and, if we may say so, honour
the courts of their princes by warlike exercises,
or what resemble them; but to greater advanta-
ge than all these does a knight-errant show
when he traverses deserts, solitudes, cross-
roads, forests, and mountains, in quest of peri-
lous adventures, bent on bringing them to a
happy and successful issue, all to win a glo-
rious and lasting renown. To greater advanta-
ge, I maintain, does the knight-errant show
bringing aid to some widow in some lonely
waste, than the court knight dallying with so-
me city damsel. All knights have their own
special parts to play; let the courtier devote
himself to the ladies, let him add lustre to his
sovereign's court by his liveries, let him enter-
tain poor gentlemen with the sumptuous fare
of his table, let him arrange joustings, marshal
tournaments, and prove himself noble, gene-
rous, and magnificent, and above all a good
Christian, and so doing he will fulfil the duties
that are especially his; but let the knight-errant
explore the corners of the earth and penetrate
the most intricate labyrinths, at each step let
him attempt impossibilities, on desolate heaths
let him endure the burning rays of the mid-
summer sun, and the bitter inclemency of the
winter winds and frosts; let no lions daunt him,
no monsters terrify him, no dragons make him
quail; for to seek these, to attack those, and to
vanquish all, are in truth his main duties. I,
then, as it has fallen to my lot to be a member of
knight-errantry, cannot avoid attempting all
that to me seems to come within the sphere of
my duties; thus it was my bounden duty to
attack those lions that I just now attacked, alt-
hough I knew it to be the height of rashness; for
I know well what valour is, that it is a virtue
that occupies a place between two vicious ex-
tremes, cowardice and temerity; but it will be a
lesser evil for him who is valiant to rise till he
reaches the point of rashness, than to sink until
he reaches the point of cowardice; for, as it is
easier for the prodigal than for the miser to
become generous, so it is easier for a rash man
to prove truly valiant than for a coward to rise
to true valour; and believe me, Senor Don Die-
go, in attempting adventures it is better to lose
by a card too many than by a card too few; for
to hear it said, 'such a knight is rash and da-
ring,' sounds better than 'such a knight is timid
and cowardly.'"
"I protest, Senor Don Quixote," said Don
Diego, "everything you have said and done is
proved correct by the test of reason itself; and I
believe, if the laws and ordinances of knight-
errantry should be lost, they might be found in
your worship's breast as in their own proper
depository and muniment-house; but let us
make haste, and reach my village, where you
shall take rest after your late exertions; for if
they have not been of the body they have been
of the spirit, and these sometimes tend to pro-
duce bodily fatigue."
"I take the invitation as a great favour and
honour, Senor Don Diego," replied Don Quixo-
te; and pressing forward at a better pace than
before, at about two in the afternoon they rea-
ched the village and house of Don Diego, or, as
Don Quixote called him, "The Knight of the
Green Gaban."

CHAPTER XVIII.

OF WHAT HAPPENED DON

QUIXOTE IN THE CASTLE OR HOU-
SE OF THE KNIGHT OF THE GREEN
GABAN, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
MATTERS OUT OF THE COMMON
 Don Quixote found Don Diego de Miranda's
house built in village style, with his arms in
rough stone over the street door; in the patio
was the store-room, and at the entrance the
cellar, with plenty of wine-jars standing round,
which, coming from El Toboso, brought back to
his memory his enchanted and transformed
Dulcinea; and with a sigh, and not thinking of
what he was saying, or in whose presence he
was, he exclaimed—
"O ye sweet treasures, to my sorrow found!
Once sweet and welcome when 'twas heaven's
good-will.
"O ye Tobosan jars, how ye bring back to
my memory the
sweet object of my bitter regrets!"
The student poet, Don Diego's son, who had
come out with his mother to receive him, heard
this exclamation, and both mother and son we-
re filled with amazement at the extraordinary
figure he presented; he, however, dismounting
from Rocinante, advanced with great politeness
to ask permission to kiss the lady's hand, while
Don Diego said, "Senora, pray receive with
your wonted kindness Senor Don Quixote of La
Mancha, whom you see before you, a knight-
errant, and the bravest and wisest in the
world."
The lady, whose name was Dona Christina,
received him with every sign of good-will and
great courtesy, and Don Quixote placed himself
at her service with an abundance of well-
chosen and polished phrases. Almost the same
civilities were exchanged between him and the
student, who listening to Don Quixote, took
him to be a sensible, clear-headed person.
Here the author describes minutely everyt-
hing belonging to Don Diego's mansion, put-
ting before us in his picture the whole contents
of a rich gentleman-farmer's house; but the
translator of the history thought it best to pass
over these and other details of the same sort in
silence, as they are not in harmony with the
main purpose of the story, the strong point of
which is truth rather than dull digressions.
They led Don Quixote into a room, and San-
cho removed his armour, leaving him in loose
Walloon breeches and chamois-leather doublet,
all stained with the rust of his armour; his co-
llar was a falling one of scholastic cut, without
starch or lace, his buskins buff-coloured, and
his shoes polished. He wore his good sword,
which hung in a baldric of sea-wolf's skin, for
he had suffered for many years, they say, from
an ailment of the kidneys; and over all he threw
a long cloak of good grey cloth. But first of all,
with five or six buckets of water (for as regard
the number of buckets there is some dispute),
he washed his head and face, and still the water
remained whey-coloured, thanks to Sancho's
greediness and purchase of those unlucky
curds that turned his master so white. Thus
arrayed, and with an easy, sprightly, and ga-
llant air, Don Quixote passed out into another
room, where the student was waiting to enter-
tain him while the table was being laid; for on
the arrival of so distinguished a guest, Dona
Christina was anxious to show that she knew
how and was able to give a becoming reception
to those who came to her house.
While Don Quixote was taking off his ar-
mour, Don Lorenzo (for so Don Diego's son
was called) took the opportunity to say to his
father, "What are we to make of this gentleman
you have brought home to us, sir? For his na-
me, his appearance, and your describing him as
a knight-errant have completely puzzled my
mother and me."
"I don't know what to say, my son," replied.
Don Diego; "all I can tell thee is that I have seen
him act the acts of the greatest madman in the
world, and heard him make observations so
sensible that they efface and undo all he does;
do thou talk to him and feel the pulse of his
wits, and as thou art shrewd, form the most
reasonable conclusion thou canst as to his wis-
dom or folly; though, to tell the truth, I am mo-
re inclined to take him to be mad than sane."
With this Don Lorenzo went away to enter-
tain Don Quixote as has been said, and in the
course of the conversation that passed between
them Don Quixote said to Don Lorenzo, "Your
father, Senor Don Diego de Miranda, has told
me of the rare abilities and subtle intellect you
possess, and, above all, that you are a great
poet."
"A poet, it may be," replied Don Lorenzo,
"but a great one, by no means. It is true that I
am somewhat given to poetry and to reading
good poets, but not so much so as to justify the
title of 'great' which my father gives me."
"I do not dislike that modesty," said Don
Quixote; "for there is no poet who is not concei-
ted and does not think he is the best poet in the
world."
"There is no rule without an exception," said
Don Lorenzo; "there may be some who are po-
ets and yet do not think they are."
 "Very few," said Don Quixote; "but tell me,
what verses are those which you have now in
hand, and which your father tells me keep you
somewhat restless and absorbed? If it be some
gloss, I know something about glosses, and I
should like to hear them; and if they are for a
poetical tournament, contrive to carry off the
second prize; for the first always goes by fa-
vour or personal standing, the second by sim-
ple justice; and so the third comes to be the se-
cond, and the first, reckoning in this way, will
be third, in the same way as licentiate degrees
are conferred at the universities; but, for all
that, the title of first is a great distinction."
"So far," said Don Lorenzo to himself, "I
should not take you to be a madman; but let us
go on." So he said to him, "Your worship has
apparently attended the schools; what sciences
have you studied?"
"That of knight-errantry," said Don Quixote,
"which is as good as that of poetry, and even a
finger or two above it."
 "I do not know what science that is," said
Don Lorenzo, "and until now I have never
heard of it."
"It is a science," said Don Quixote, "that
comprehends in itself all or most of the sciences
in the world, for he who professes it must be a
jurist, and must know the rules of justice, dis-
tributive and equitable, so as to give to each
one what belongs to him and is due to him. He
must be a theologian, so as to be able to give a
clear and distinctive reason for the Christian
faith he professes, wherever it may be asked of
him. He must be a physician, and above all a
herbalist, so as in wastes and solitudes to know
the herbs that have the property of healing
wounds, for a knight-errant must not go loo-
king for some one to cure him at every step. He
must be an astronomer, so as to know by the
stars how many hours of the night have passed,
and what clime and quarter of the world he is
in. He must know mathematics, for at every
turn some occasion for them will present itself
to him; and, putting it aside that he must be
adorned with all the virtues, cardinal and theo-
logical, to come down to minor particulars, he
must, I say, be able to swim as well as Nicholas
or Nicolao the Fish could, as the story goes; he
must know how to shoe a horse, and repair his
saddle and bridle; and, to return to higher mat-
ters, he must be faithful to God and to his lady;
he must be pure in thought, decorous in words,
generous in works, valiant in deeds, patient in
suffering, compassionate towards the needy,
and, lastly, an upholder of the truth though its
defence should cost him his life. Of all these
qualities, great and small, is a true knight-
errant made up; judge then, Senor Don Loren-
zo, whether it be a contemptible science which
the knight who studies and professes it has to
learn, and whether it may not compare with the
very loftiest that are taught in the schools."
"If that be so," replied Don Lorenzo, "this
science, I protest, surpasses all."
"How, if that be so?" said Don Quixote.
 "What I mean to say," said Don Lorenzo, "is,
that I doubt whether there are now, or ever
were, any knights-errant, and adorned with
such virtues."
"Many a time," replied Don Quixote, "have I
said what I now say once more, that the majori-
ty of the world are of opinion that there never
were any knights-errant in it; and as it is my
opinion that, unless heaven by some miracle
brings home to them the truth that there were
and are, all the pains one takes will be in vain
(as experience has often proved to me), I will
not now stop to disabuse you of the error you
share with the multitude. All I shall do is to
pray to heaven to deliver you from it, and show
you how beneficial and necessary knights-
errant were in days of yore, and how useful
they would be in these days were they but in
vogue; but now, for the sins of the people, sloth
and indolence, gluttony and luxury are
triumphant."
 "Our guest has broken out on our hands,"
said Don Lorenzo to himself at this point; "but,
for all that, he is a glorious madman, and I
should be a dull blockhead to doubt it."
Here, being summoned to dinner, they
brought their colloquy to a close. Don Diego
asked his son what he had been able to make
out as to the wits of their guest. To which he
replied, "All the doctors and clever scribes in
the world will not make sense of the scrawl of
his madness; he is a madman full of streaks,
full of lucid intervals."
They went in to dinner, and the repast was
such as Don Diego said on the road he was in
the habit of giving to his guests, neat, plentiful,
and tasty; but what pleased Don Quixote most
was the marvellous silence that reigned
throughout the house, for it was like a Cart-
husian monastery.
When the cloth had been removed, grace
said and their hands washed, Don Quixote ear-
nestly pressed Don Lorenzo to repeat to him
his verses for the poetical tournament, to which
he replied, "Not to be like those poets who,
when they are asked to recite their verses, refu-
se, and when they are not asked for them vomit
them up, I will repeat my gloss, for which I do
not expect any prize, having composed it mere-
ly as an exercise of ingenuity."
"A discerning friend of mine," said Don
Quixote, "was of opinion that no one ought to
waste labour in glossing verses; and the reason
he gave was that the gloss can never come up
to the text, and that often or most frequently it
wanders away from the meaning and purpose
aimed at in the glossed lines; and besides, that
the laws of the gloss were too strict, as they did
not allow interrogations, nor 'said he,' nor 'I
say,' nor turning verbs into nouns, or altering
the construction, not to speak of other restric-
tions and limitations that fetter gloss-writers, as
you no doubt know."
"Verily, Senor Don Quixote," said Don Lo-
renzo, "I wish I could catch your worship trip-
ping at a stretch, but I cannot, for you slip
through my fingers like an eel."
"I don't understand what you say, or mean
by slipping," said Don Quixote.
"I will explain myself another time," said
Don Lorenzo; "for the present pray attend to
the glossed verses and the gloss, which run
thus:
Could 'was' become an 'is' for me,
Then would I ask no more than this;
Or could, for me, the time that is
Become the time that is to be!—

GLOSS
Dame Fortune once upon a day
To me was bountiful and kind;
But all things change; she changed her mind,
And what she gave she took away.
O Fortune, long I've sued to thee;
The gifts thou gavest me restore,
For, trust me, I would ask no more,
Could 'was' become an 'is' for me.
 No other prize I seek to gain,
No triumph, glory, or success,
Only the long-lost happiness,
The memory whereof is pain.
One taste, methinks, of bygone bliss
The heart-consuming fire might stay;
And, so it come without delay,
Then would I ask no more than this.
I ask what cannot be, alas!
That time should ever be, and then
Come back to us, and be again,
No power on earth can bring to pass;
For fleet of foot is he, I wis,
And idly, therefore, do we pray
That what for aye hath left us may
Become for us the time that is.
Perplexed, uncertain, to remain
'Twixt hope and fear, is death, not life;
'Twere better, sure, to end the strife,
And dying, seek release from pain.
And yet, thought were the best for me.
Anon the thought aside I fling,
 And to the present fondly cling,
And dread the time that is to be."
When Don Lorenzo had finished reciting his
gloss, Don Quixote stood up, and in a loud voi-
ce, almost a shout, exclaimed as he grasped
Don Lorenzo's right hand in his, "By the hig-
hest heavens, noble youth, but you are the best
poet on earth, and deserve to be crowned with
laurel, not by Cyprus or by Gaeta—as a certain
poet, God forgive him, said—but by the Aca-
demies of Athens, if they still flourished, and
by those that flourish now, Paris, Bologna, Sa-
lamanca. Heaven grant that the judges who rob
you of the first prize—that Phoebus may pierce
them with his arrows, and the Muses never
cross the thresholds of their doors. Repeat me
some of your long-measure verses, senor, if you
will be so good, for I want thoroughly to feel
the pulse of your rare genius."
Is there any need to say that Don Lorenzo
enjoyed hearing himself praised by Don Quixo-
te, albeit he looked upon him as a madman?
power of flattery, how far-reaching art thou,
and how wide are the bounds of thy pleasant
jurisdiction! Don Lorenzo gave a proof of it, for
he complied with Don Quixote's request and
entreaty, and repeated to him this sonnet on the
fable or story of Pyramus and Thisbe.

SONNET
The lovely maid, she pierces now the wall;
Heart-pierced by her young Pyramus doth lie;
And Love spreads wing from Cyprus isle to
fly,
A chink to view so wondrous great and small.
There silence speaketh, for no voice at all
Can pass so strait a strait; but love will ply
Where to all other power 'twere vain to try;
For love will find a way whate'er befall.
Impatient of delay, with reckless pace
The rash maid wins the fatal spot where she
Sinks not in lover's arms but death's embrace.
So runs the strange tale, how the lovers twain
One sword, one sepulchre, one memory,
Slays, and entombs, and brings to life again.
"Blessed be God," said Don Quixote when he
had heard Don Lorenzo's sonnet, "that among
the hosts there are of irritable poets I have
found one consummate one, which, senor, the
art of this sonnet proves to me that you are!"
For four days was Don Quixote most sump-
tuously entertained in Don Diego's house, at
the end of which time he asked his permission
to depart, telling him he thanked him for the
kindness and hospitality he had received in his
house, but that, as it did not become knights-
errant to give themselves up for long to idle-
ness and luxury, he was anxious to fulfill the
duties of his calling in seeking adventures, of
which he was informed there was an abundan-
ce in that neighbourhood, where he hoped to
employ his time until the day came round for
the jousts at Saragossa, for that was his proper
destination; and that, first of all, he meant to
enter the cave of Montesinos, of which so many
marvellous things were reported all through
the country, and at the same time to investigate
and explore the origin and true source of the
seven lakes commonly called the lakes of Rui-
dera.
Don Diego and his son commended his lau-
dable resolution, and bade him furnish himself
with all he wanted from their house and belon-
gings, as they would most gladly be of service
to him; which, indeed, his personal worth and
his honourable profession made incumbent
upon them.
The day of his departure came at length, as
welcome to Don Quixote as it was sad and so-
rrowful to Sancho Panza, who was very well
satisfied with the abundance of Don Diego's
house, and objected to return to the starvation
of the woods and wilds and the short-commons
of his ill-stocked alforjas; these, however, he
filled and packed with what he considered ne-
edful. On taking leave, Don Quixote said to
Don Lorenzo, "I know not whether I have told
you already, but if I have I tell you once more,
that if you wish to spare yourself fatigue and
toil in reaching the inaccessible summit of the
temple of fame, you have nothing to do but to
turn aside out of the somewhat narrow path of
poetry and take the still narrower one of
knight-errantry, wide enough, however, to ma-
ke you an emperor in the twinkling of an eye."
In this speech Don Quixote wound up the
evidence of his madness, but still better in what
he added when he said, "God knows, I would
gladly take Don Lorenzo with me to teach him
how to spare the humble, and trample the
proud under foot, virtues that are part and par-
cel of the profession I belong to; but since his
tender age does not allow of it, nor his praise-
worthy pursuits permit it, I will simply content
myself with impressing it upon your worship
that you will become famous as a poet if you
are guided by the opinion of others rather than
by your own; because no fathers or mothers
ever think their own children ill-favoured, and
this sort of deception prevails still more stron-
gly in the case of the children of the brain."
Both father and son were amazed afresh at
the strange medley Don Quixote talked, at one
moment sense, at another nonsense, and at the
pertinacity and persistence he displayed in
going through thick and thin in quest of his
unlucky adventures, which he made the end
and aim of his desires. There was a renewal of
offers of service and civilities, and then, with
the gracious permission of the lady of the cas-
tle, they took their departure, Don Quixote on
Rocinante, and Sancho on Dapple.

CHAPTER XIX.

IN WHICH IS RELATED THE AD-

VENTURE OF THE ENAMOURED
SHEPHERD, TOGETHER WITH OT-
HER TRULY DROLL INCIDENTS

Don Quixote had gone but a short distance

beyond Don Diego's village, when he fell in
with a couple of either priests or students, and
a couple of peasants, mounted on four beasts of
the ass kind. One of the students carried,
wrapped up in a piece of green buckram by
way of a portmanteau, what seemed to be a
little linen and a couple of pairs of-ribbed stoc-
kings; the other carried nothing but a pair of
new fencing-foils with buttons. The peasants
carried divers articles that showed they were
on their way from some large town where they
had bought them, and were taking them home
to their village; and both students and peasants
were struck with the same amazement that
everybody felt who saw Don Quixote for the
first time, and were dying to know who this
man, so different from ordinary men, could be.
Don Quixote saluted them, and after ascertai-
ning that their road was the same as his, made
them an offer of his company, and begged them
to slacken their pace, as their young asses trave-
lled faster than his horse; and then, to gratify
them, he told them in a few words who he was
and the calling and profession he followed,
which was that of a knight-errant seeking ad-
ventures in all parts of the world. He informed
them that his own name was Don Quixote of La
Mancha, and that he was called, by way of sur-
name, the Knight of the Lions.
All this was Greek or gibberish to the pea-
sants, but not so to the students, who very soon
perceived the crack in Don Quixote's pate; for
all that, however, they regarded him with ad-
miration and respect, and one of them said to
him, "If you, sir knight, have no fixed road, as it
is the way with those who seek adventures not
to have any, let your worship come with us;
you will see one of the finest and richest wed-
dings that up to this day have ever been cele-
brated in La Mancha, or for many a league
round."
Don Quixote asked him if it was some prin-
ce's, that he spoke of it in this way. "Not at all,"
said the student; "it is the wedding of a farmer
and a farmer's daughter, he the richest in all
this country, and she the fairest mortal ever set
eyes on. The display with which it is to be at-
tended will be something rare and out of the
common, for it will be celebrated in a meadow
adjoining the town of the bride, who is called,
par excellence, Quiteria the fair, as the bride-
groom is called Camacho the rich. She is eigh-
teen, and he twenty-two, and they are fairly
matched, though some knowing ones, who
have all the pedigrees in the world by heart,
will have it that the family of the fair Quiteria is
better than Camacho's; but no one minds that
now-a-days, for wealth can solder a great many
flaws. At any rate, Camacho is free-handed,
and it is his fancy to screen the whole meadow
with boughs and cover it in overhead, so that
the sun will have hard work if he tries to get in
to reach the grass that covers the soil. He has
provided dancers too, not only sword but also
bell-dancers, for in his own town there are tho-
se who ring the changes and jingle the bells to
perfection; of shoe-dancers I say nothing, for of
them he has engaged a host. But none of these
things, nor of the many others I have omitted to
mention, will do more to make this a memora-
ble wedding than the part which I suspect the
despairing Basilio will play in it. This Basilio is
a youth of the same village as Quiteria, and he
lived in the house next door to that of her pa-
rents, of which circumstance Love took advan-
tage to reproduce to the word the long-
forgotten loves of Pyramus and Thisbe; for Ba-
silio loved Quiteria from his earliest years, and
she responded to his passion with countless
modest proofs of affection, so that the loves of
the two children, Basilio and Quiteria, were the
talk and the amusement of the town. As they
grew up, the father of Quiteria made up his
mind to refuse Basilio his wonted freedom of
access to the house, and to relieve himself of
constant doubts and suspicions, he arranged a
match for his daughter with the rich Camacho,
as he did not approve of marrying her to Basi-
lio, who had not so large a share of the gifts of
fortune as of nature; for if the truth be told un-
grudgingly, he is the most agile youth we
know, a mighty thrower of the bar, a first-rate
wrestler, and a great ball-player; he runs like a
deer, and leaps better than a goat, bowls over
the nine-pins as if by magic, sings like a lark,
plays the guitar so as to make it speak, and,
above all, handles a sword as well as the best."
"For that excellence alone," said Don Quixote
at this, "the youth deserves to marry, not mere-
ly the fair Quiteria, but Queen Guinevere her-
self, were she alive now, in spite of Launcelot
and all who would try to prevent it."
"Say that to my wife," said Sancho, who had
until now listened in silence, "for she won't
hear of anything but each one marrying his
equal, holding with the proverb 'each ewe to
her like.' What I would like is that this good
Basilio (for I am beginning to take a fancy to
him already) should marry this lady Quiteria;
and a blessing and good luck—I meant to say
the opposite—on people who would prevent
those who love one another from marrying."
"If all those who love one another were to
marry," said Don Quixote, "it would deprive
parents of the right to choose, and marry their
children to the proper person and at the proper
time; and if it was left to daughters to choose
husbands as they pleased, one would be for
choosing her father's servant, and another, so-
me one she has seen passing in the street and
fancies gallant and dashing, though he may be
a drunken bully; for love and fancy easily blind
the eyes of the judgment, so much wanted in
choosing one's way of life; and the matrimonial
choice is very liable to error, and it needs great
caution and the special favour of heaven to
make it a good one. He who has to make a long
journey, will, if he is wise, look out for some
trusty and pleasant companion to accompany
him before he sets out. Why, then, should not
he do the same who has to make the whole
journey of life down to the final halting-place of
death, more especially when the companion
has to be his companion in bed, at board, and
everywhere, as the wife is to her husband? The
companionship of one's wife is no article of
merchandise, that, after it has been bought,
may be returned, or bartered, or changed; for it
is an inseparable accident that lasts as long as
life lasts; it is a noose that, once you put it
round your neck, turns into a Gordian knot,
which, if the scythe of Death does not cut it,
there is no untying. I could say a great deal
more on this subject, were I not prevented by
the anxiety I feel to know if the senor licentiate
has anything more to tell about the story of
Basilio."
To this the student, bachelor, or, as Don
Quixote called him, licentiate, replied, "I have
nothing whatever to say further, but that from
the moment Basilio learned that the fair Quite-
ria was to be married to Camacho the rich, he
has never been seen to smile, or heard to utter
rational word, and he always goes about moo-
dy and dejected, talking to himself in a way
that shows plainly he is out of his senses. He
eats little and sleeps little, and all he eats is
fruit, and when he sleeps, if he sleeps at all, it is
in the field on the hard earth like a brute beast.
Sometimes he gazes at the sky, at other times
he fixes his eyes on the earth in such an abstrac-
ted way that he might be taken for a clothed
statue, with its drapery stirred by the wind. In
short, he shows such signs of a heart crushed
by suffering, that all we who know him believe
that when to-morrow the fair Quiteria says
'yes,' it will be his sentence of death."
"God will guide it better," said Sancho, "for
God who gives the wound gives the salve; no-
body knows what will happen; there are a good
many hours between this and to-morrow, and
any one of them, or any moment, the house
may fall; I have seen the rain coming down and
the sun shining all at one time; many a one goes
to bed in good health who can't stir the next
day. And tell me, is there anyone who can bo-
ast of having driven a nail into the wheel of
fortune? No, faith; and between a woman's 'yes'
and 'no' I wouldn't venture to put the point of a
pin, for there would not be room for it; if you
tell me Quiteria loves Basilio heart and soul,
then I'll give him a bag of good luck; for love, I
have heard say, looks through spectacles that
make copper seem gold, poverty wealth, and
blear eyes pearls."
"What art thou driving at, Sancho? curses on
thee!" said Don Quixote; "for when thou takest
to stringing proverbs and sayings together, no
one can understand thee but Judas himself, and
I wish he had thee. Tell me, thou animal, what
dost thou know about nails or wheels, or anyt-
hing else?"
 "Oh, if you don't understand me," replied
Sancho, "it is no wonder my words are taken
for nonsense; but no matter; I understand my-
self, and I know I have not said anything very
foolish in what I have said; only your worship,
senor, is always gravelling at everything I say,
nay, everything I do."
"Cavilling, not gravelling," said Don Quixo-
te, "thou prevaricator of honest language, God
confound thee!"
"Don't find fault with me, your worship," re-
turned Sancho, "for you know I have not been
bred up at court or trained at Salamanca, to
know whether I am adding or dropping a letter
or so in my words. Why! God bless me, it's not
fair to force a Sayago-man to speak like a Tole-
dan; maybe there are Toledans who do not hit
it off when it comes to polished talk."
"That is true," said the licentiate, "for those
who have been bred up in the Tanneries and
the Zocodover cannot talk like those who are
almost all day pacing the cathedral cloisters,
and yet they are all Toledans. Pure, correct,
elegant and lucid language will be met with in
men of courtly breeding and discrimination,
though they may have been born in Majala-
honda; I say of discrimination, because there
are many who are not so, and discrimination is
the grammar of good language, if it be accom-
panied by practice. I, sirs, for my sins have stu-
died canon law at Salamanca, and I rather pi-
que myself on expressing my meaning in clear,
plain, and intelligible language."
"If you did not pique yourself more on your
dexterity with those foils you carry than on
dexterity of tongue," said the other student,
"you would have been head of the degrees,
where you are now tail."
"Look here, bachelor Corchuelo," returned
the licentiate, "you have the most mistaken idea
in the world about skill with the sword, if you
think it useless."
"It is no idea on my part, but an established
truth," replied Corchuelo; "and if you wish me
to prove it to you by experiment, you have
swords there, and it is a good opportunity; I
have a steady hand and a strong arm, and these
joined with my resolution, which is not small,
will make you confess that I am not mistaken.
Dismount and put in practice your positions
and circles and angles and science, for I hope to
make you see stars at noonday with my rude
raw swordsmanship, in which, next to God, I
place my trust that the man is yet to be born
who will make me turn my back, and that there
is not one in the world I will not compel to give
ground."
"As to whether you turn your back or not, I
do not concern myself," replied the master of
fence; "though it might be that your grave
would be dug on the spot where you planted
your foot the first time; I mean that you would
be stretched dead there for despising skill with
the sword."
"We shall soon see," replied Corchuelo, and
getting off his ass briskly, he drew out furious-
ly one of the swords the licentiate carried on his
beast.
"It must not be that way," said Don Quixote
at this point; "I will be the director of this fen-
cing match, and judge of this often disputed
question;" and dismounting from Rocinante
and grasping his lance, he planted himself in
the middle of the road, just as the licentiate,
with an easy, graceful bearing and step, advan-
ced towards Corchuelo, who came on against
him, darting fire from his eyes, as the saying is.
The other two of the company, the peasants,
without dismounting from their asses, served
as spectators of the mortal tragedy. The cuts,
thrusts, down strokes, back strokes and dou-
bles, that Corchuelo delivered were past coun-
ting, and came thicker than hops or hail. He
attacked like an angry lion, but he was met by a
tap on the mouth from the button of the licen-
tiate's sword that checked him in the midst of
his furious onset, and made him kiss it as if it
were a relic, though not as devoutly as relics
are and ought to be kissed. The end of it was
that the licentiate reckoned up for him by
thrusts every one of the buttons of the short
cassock he wore, tore the skirts into strips, like
the tails of a cuttlefish, knocked off his hat twi-
ce, and so completely tired him out, that in
vexation, anger, and rage, he took the sword by
the hilt and flung it away with such force, that
one of the peasants that were there, who was a
notary, and who went for it, made an affidavit
afterwards that he sent it nearly three-quarters
of a league, which testimony will serve, and has
served, to show and establish with all certainty
that strength is overcome by skill.
Corchuelo sat down wearied, and Sancho
approaching him said, "By my faith, senor ba-
chelor, if your worship takes my advice, you
will never challenge anyone to fence again,
only to wrestle and throw the bar, for you have
the youth and strength for that; but as for these
fencers as they call them, I have heard say they
can put the point of a sword through the eye of
a needle."
"I am satisfied with having tumbled off my
donkey," said Corchuelo, "and with having had
the truth I was so ignorant of proved to me by
experience;" and getting up he embraced the
licentiate, and they were better friends than
ever; and not caring to wait for the notary who
had gone for the sword, as they saw he would
be a long time about it, they resolved to push
on so as to reach the village of Quiteria, to
which they all belonged, in good time.
During the remainder of the journey the li-
centiate held forth to them on the excellences of
the sword, with such conclusive arguments,
and such figures and mathematical proofs, that
all were convinced of the value of the science,
and Corchuelo cured of his dogmatism.
It grew dark; but before they reached the
town it seemed to them all as if there was a
heaven full of countless glittering stars in front
of it. They heard, too, the pleasant mingled no-
tes of a variety of instruments, flutes, drums,
psalteries, pipes, tabors, and timbrels, and as
they drew near they perceived that the trees of
a leafy arcade that had been constructed at the
entrance of the town were filled with lights
unaffected by the wind, for the breeze at the
time was so gentle that it had not power to stir
the leaves on the trees. The musicians were the
life of the wedding, wandering through the
pleasant grounds in separate bands, some dan-
cing, others singing, others playing the various
instruments already mentioned. In short, it
seemed as though mirth and gaiety were fris-
king and gambolling all over the meadow. Se-
veral other persons were engaged in erecting
raised benches from which people might con-
veniently see the plays and dances that were to
be performed the next day on the spot dedica-
ted to the celebration of the marriage of Cama-
cho the rich and the obsequies of Basilio. Don
Quixote would not enter the village, although
the peasant as well as the bachelor pressed him;
he excused himself, however, on the grounds,
amply sufficient in his opinion, that it was the
custom of knights-errant to sleep in the fields
and woods in preference to towns, even were it
under gilded ceilings; and so turned aside a
little out of the road, very much against San-
cho's will, as the good quarters he had enjoyed
in the castle or house of Don Diego came back
to his mind.

CHAPTER XX.

WHEREIN AN ACCOUNT IS GIVEN

OF THE WEDDING OF CAMACHO
THE RICH, TOGETHER WITH THE
INCIDENT OF BASILIO THE POOR
 Scarce had the fair Aurora given bright
Phoebus time to dry the liquid pearls upon her
golden locks with the heat of his fervent rays,
when Don Quixote, shaking off sloth from his
limbs, sprang to his feet and called to his squire
Sancho, who was still snoring; seeing which
Don Quixote ere he roused him thus addressed
him: "Happy thou, above all the dwellers on
the face of the earth, that, without envying or
being envied, sleepest with tranquil mind, and
that neither enchanters persecute nor enchant-
ments affright. Sleep, I say, and will say a hun-
dred times, without any jealous thoughts of thy
mistress to make thee keep ceaseless vigils, or
any cares as to how thou art to pay the debts
thou owest, or find to-morrow's food for thyself
and thy needy little family, to interfere with thy
repose. Ambition breaks not thy rest, nor doth
this world's empty pomp disturb thee, for the
utmost reach of thy anxiety is to provide for thy
ass, since upon my shoulders thou hast laid the
support of thyself, the counterpoise and burden
that nature and custom have imposed upon
masters. The servant sleeps and the master lies
awake thinking how he is to feed him, advance
him, and reward him. The distress of seeing the
sky turn brazen, and withhold its needful mois-
ture from the earth, is not felt by the servant
but by the master, who in time of scarcity and
famine must support him who has served him
in times of plenty and abundance."
To all this Sancho made no reply because he
was asleep, nor would he have wakened up so
soon as he did had not Don Quixote brought
him to his senses with the butt of his lance. He
awoke at last, drowsy and lazy, and casting his
eyes about in every direction, observed, "There
comes, if I don't mistake, from the quarter of
that arcade a steam and a smell a great deal
more like fried rashers than galingale or thyme;
a wedding that begins with smells like that, by
my faith, ought to be plentiful and unstinting."
 "Have done, thou glutton," said Don Quixo-
te; "come, let us go and witness this bridal, and
see what the rejected Basilio does."
"Let him do what he likes," returned Sancho;
"be he not poor, he would marry Quiteria. To
make a grand match for himself, and he wit-
hout a farthing; is there nothing else? Faith,
senor, it's my opinion the poor man should be
content with what he can get, and not go loo-
king for dainties in the bottom of the sea. I will
bet my arm that Camacho could bury Basilio in
reals; and if that be so, as no doubt it is, what a
fool Quiteria would be to refuse the fine dres-
ses and jewels Camacho must have given her
and will give her, and take Basilio's bar-
throwing and sword-play. They won't give a
pint of wine at the tavern for a good cast of the
bar or a neat thrust of the sword. Talents and
accomplishments that can't be turned into mo-
ney, let Count Dirlos have them; but when such
gifts fall to one that has hard cash, I wish my
condition of life was as becoming as they are.
On a good foundation you can raise a good
building, and the best foundation in the world
is money."
"For God's sake, Sancho," said Don Quixote
here, "stop that harangue; it is my belief, if thou
wert allowed to continue all thou beginnest
every instant, thou wouldst have no time left
for eating or sleeping; for thou wouldst spend it
all in talking."
"If your worship had a good memory," re-
plied Sancho, "you would remember the arti-
cles of our agreement before we started from
home this last time; one of them was that I was
to be let say all I liked, so long as it was not
against my neighbour or your worship's aut-
hority; and so far, it seems to me, I have not
broken the said article."
"I remember no such article, Sancho," said
Don Quixote; "and even if it were so, I desire
you to hold your tongue and come along; for
the instruments we heard last night are already
beginning to enliven the valleys again, and no
doubt the marriage will take place in the cool of
the morning, and not in the heat of the afterno-
on."
Sancho did as his master bade him, and put-
ting the saddle on Rocinante and the pack-
saddle on Dapple, they both mounted and at a
leisurely pace entered the arcade. The first
thing that presented itself to Sancho's eyes was
a whole ox spitted on a whole elm tree, and in
the fire at which it was to be roasted there was
burning a middling-sized mountain of faggots,
and six stewpots that stood round the blaze
had not been made in the ordinary mould of
common pots, for they were six half wine-jars,
each fit to hold the contents of a slaughter-
house; they swallowed up whole sheep and hid
them away in their insides without showing
any more sign of them than if they were pige-
ons. Countless were the hares ready skinned
and the plucked fowls that hung on the trees
for burial in the pots, numberless the wildfowl
and game of various sorts suspended from the
branches that the air might keep them cool.
Sancho counted more than sixty wine skins of
over six gallons each, and all filled, as it proved
afterwards, with generous wines. There were,
besides, piles of the whitest bread, like the
heaps of corn one sees on the threshing-floors.
There was a wall made of cheeses arranged like
open brick-work, and two cauldrons full of oil,
bigger than those of a dyer's shop, served for
cooking fritters, which when fried were taken
out with two mighty shovels, and plunged into
another cauldron of prepared honey that stood
close by. Of cooks and cook-maids there were
over fifty, all clean, brisk, and blithe. In the ca-
pacious belly of the ox were a dozen soft little
sucking-pigs, which, sewn up there, served to
give it tenderness and flavour. The spices of
different kinds did not seem to have been
bought by the pound but by the quarter, and all
lay open to view in a great chest. In short, all
the preparations made for the wedding were in
rustic style, but abundant enough to feed an
army.
Sancho observed all, contemplated all, and
everything won his heart. The first to captivate
and take his fancy were the pots, out of which
he would have very gladly helped himself to a
moderate pipkinful; then the wine skins secu-
red his affections; and lastly, the produce of the
frying-pans, if, indeed, such imposing caul-
drons may be called frying-pans; and unable to
control himself or bear it any longer, he ap-
proached one of the busy cooks and civilly but
hungrily begged permission to soak a scrap of
bread in one of the pots; to which the cook ma-
de answer, "Brother, this is not a day on which
hunger is to have any sway, thanks to the rich
Camacho; get down and look about for a ladle
and skim off a hen or two, and much good may
they do you."
"I don't see one," said Sancho.
"Wait a bit," said the cook; "sinner that I am!
how particular and bashful you are!" and so
saying, he seized a bucket and plunging it into
one of the half jars took up three hens and a
couple of geese, and said to Sancho, "Fall to,
friend, and take the edge off your appetite with
these skimmings until dinner-time comes."
"I have nothing to put them in," said Sancho.
"Well then," said the cook, "take spoon and
all; for Camacho's wealth and happiness fur-
nish everything."
While Sancho fared thus, Don Quixote was
watching the entrance, at one end of the arcade,
of some twelve peasants, all in holiday and gala
dress, mounted on twelve beautiful mares with
rich handsome field trappings and a number of
little bells attached to their petrals, who, mars-
halled in regular order, ran not one but several
courses over the meadow, with jubilant shouts
and cries of "Long live Camacho and Quiteria!
he as rich as she is fair; and she the fairest on
earth!"
Hearing this, Don Quixote said to himself,
"It is easy to see these folk have never seen my
Dulcinea del Toboso; for if they had they would
be more moderate in their praises of this Quite-
ria of theirs."
Shortly after this, several bands of dancers of
various sorts began to enter the arcade at diffe-
rent points, and among them one of sword-
dancers composed of some four-and-twenty
lads of gallant and high-spirited mien, clad in
the finest and whitest of linen, and with hand-
kerchiefs embroidered in various colours with
fine silk; and one of those on the mares asked
an active youth who led them if any of the dan-
cers had been wounded. "As yet, thank God, no
one has been wounded," said he, "we are all
safe and sound;" and he at once began to execu-
te complicated figures with the rest of his com-
rades, with so many turns and so great dexteri-
ty, that although Don Quixote was well used to
see dances of the same kind, he thought he had
never seen any so good as this. He also admi-
red another that came in composed of fair
young maidens, none of whom seemed to be
under fourteen or over eighteen years of age,
all clad in green stuff, with their locks partly
braided, partly flowing loose, but all of such
bright gold as to vie with the sunbeams, and
over them they wore garlands of jessamine,
roses, amaranth, and honeysuckle. At their
head were a venerable old man and an ancient
dame, more brisk and active, however, than
might have been expected from their years. The
notes of a Zamora bagpipe accompanied them,
and with modesty in their countenances and in
their eyes, and lightness in their feet, they loo-
ked the best dancers in the world.
Following these there came an artistic dance
of the sort they call "speaking dances." It was
composed of eight nymphs in two files, with
the god Cupid leading one and Interest the
other, the former furnished with wings, bow,
quiver and arrows, the latter in a rich dress of
gold and silk of divers colours. The nymphs
that followed Love bore their names written on
white parchment in large letters on their backs.
"Poetry" was the name of the first, "Wit" of the
second, "Birth" of the third, and "Valour" of the
fourth. Those that followed Interest were dis-
tinguished in the same way; the badge of the
first announced "Liberality," that of the second
"Largess," the third "Treasure," and the fourth
"Peaceful Possession." In front of them all came
a wooden castle drawn by four wild men, all
clad in ivy and hemp stained green, and loo-
king so natural that they nearly terrified San-
cho. On the front of the castle and on each of
the four sides of its frame it bore the inscription
"Castle of Caution." Four skillful tabor and flute
players accompanied them, and the dance
having been opened, Cupid, after executing
two figures, raised his eyes and bent his bow
against a damsel who stood between the turrets
of the castle, and thus addressed her:
I am the mighty God whose sway
Is potent over land and sea.
The heavens above us own me; nay,
The shades below acknowledge me.
I know not fear, I have my will,
Whate'er my whim or fancy be;
For me there's no impossible,
I order, bind, forbid, set free.
Having concluded the stanza he discharged
an arrow at the top of the castle, and went back
to his place. Interest then came forward and
went through two more figures, and as soon as
the tabors ceased, he said:
But mightier than Love am I,
Though Love it be that leads me on,
Than mine no lineage is more high,
Or older, underneath the sun.
To use me rightly few know how,
To act without me fewer still,
For I am Interest, and I vow
For evermore to do thy will.
Interest retired, and Poetry came forward,
and when she had gone through her figures
like the others, fixing her eyes on the damsel of
the castle, she said:
 With many a fanciful conceit,
Fair Lady, winsome Poesy
Her soul, an offering at thy feet,
Presents in sonnets unto thee.
If thou my homage wilt not scorn,
Thy fortune, watched by envious eyes,
On wings of poesy upborne
Shall be exalted to the skies.
Poetry withdrew, and on the side of Interest
Liberality advanced, and after having gone
through her figures, said:
To give, while shunning each extreme,
The sparing hand, the over-free,
Therein consists, so wise men deem,
The virtue Liberality.
But thee, fair lady, to enrich,
Myself a prodigal I'll prove,
A vice not wholly shameful, which
May find its fair excuse in love.
In the same manner all the characters of the
two bands advanced and retired, and each exe-
cuted its figures, and delivered its verses, some
of them graceful, some burlesque, but Don
Quixote's memory (though he had an excellent
one) only carried away those that have been
just quoted. All then mingled together, forming
chains and breaking off again with graceful,
unconstrained gaiety; and whenever Love pas-
sed in front of the castle he shot his arrows up
at it, while Interest broke gilded pellets against
it. At length, after they had danced a good whi-
le, Interest drew out a great purse, made of the
skin of a large brindled cat and to all appearan-
ce full of money, and flung it at the castle, and
with the force of the blow the boards fell asun-
der and tumbled down, leaving the damsel
exposed and unprotected. Interest and the cha-
racters of his band advanced, and throwing a
great chain of gold over her neck pretended to
take her and lead her away captive, on seeing
which, Love and his supporters made as
though they would release her, the whole ac-
tion being to the accompaniment of the tabors
and in the form of a regular dance. The wild
men made peace between them, and with great
dexterity readjusted and fixed the boards of the
castle, and the damsel once more ensconced
herself within; and with this the dance wound
up, to the great enjoyment of the beholders.
Don Quixote asked one of the nymphs who
it was that had composed and arranged it. She
replied that it was a beneficiary of the town
who had a nice taste in devising things of the
sort. "I will lay a wager," said Don Quixote,
"that the same bachelor or beneficiary is a grea-
ter friend of Camacho's than of Basilio's, and
that he is better at satire than at vespers; he has
introduced the accomplishments of Basilio and
the riches of Camacho very neatly into the dan-
ce." Sancho Panza, who was listening to all this,
exclaimed, "The king is my cock; I stick to Ca-
macho." "It is easy to see thou art a clown, San-
cho," said Don Quixote, "and one of that sort
that cry 'Long life to the conqueror.'"
"I don't know of what sort I am," returned
Sancho, "but I know very well I'll never get
such elegant skimmings off Basilio's pots as
these I have got off Camacho's;" and he showed
him the bucketful of geese and hens, and sei-
zing one began to eat with great gaiety and
appetite, saying, "A fig for the accomplish-
ments of Basilio! As much as thou hast so much
art thou worth, and as much as thou art worth
so much hast thou. As a grandmother of mine
used to say, there are only two families in the
world, the Haves and the Haven'ts; and she
stuck to the Haves; and to this day, Senor Don
Quixote, people would sooner feel the pulse of
'Have,' than of 'Know;' an ass covered with
gold looks better than a horse with a pack-
saddle. So once more I say I stick to Camacho,
the bountiful skimmings of whose pots are gee-
se and hens, hares and rabbits; but of Basilio's,
if any ever come to hand, or even to foot, they'll
be only rinsings."
"Hast thou finished thy harangue, Sancho?"
said Don Quixote. "Of course I have finished
it," replied Sancho, "because I see your worship
takes offence at it; but if it was not for that, the-
re was work enough cut out for three days."
"God grant I may see thee dumb before I die,
Sancho," said Don Quixote.
"At the rate we are going," said Sancho, "I'll
be chewing clay before your worship dies; and
then, maybe, I'll be so dumb that I'll not say a
word until the end of the world, or, at least, till
the day of judgment."
"Even should that happen, O Sancho," said
Don Quixote, "thy silence will never come up to
all thou hast talked, art talking, and wilt talk all
thy life; moreover, it naturally stands to reason,
that my death will come before thine; so I never
expect to see thee dumb, not even when thou
art drinking or sleeping, and that is the utmost
I can say."
"In good faith, senor," replied Sancho, "the-
re's no trusting that fleshless one, I mean Death,
who devours the lamb as soon as the sheep,
and, as I have heard our curate say, treads with
equal foot upon the lofty towers of kings and
the lowly huts of the poor. That lady is more
mighty than dainty, she is no way squeamish,
she devours all and is ready for all, and fills her
alforjas with people of all sorts, ages, and
ranks. She is no reaper that sleeps out the noon-
tide; at all times she is reaping and cutting
down, as well the dry grass as the green; she
never seems to chew, but bolts and swallows
all that is put before her, for she has a canine
appetite that is never satisfied; and though she
has no belly, she shows she has a dropsy and is
athirst to drink the lives of all that live, as one
would drink a jug of cold water."
"Say no more, Sancho," said Don Quixote at
this; "don't try to better it, and risk a fall; for in
truth what thou hast said about death in thy
rustic phrase is what a good preacher might
have said. I tell thee, Sancho, if thou hadst dis-
cretion equal to thy mother wit, thou mightst
take a pulpit in hand, and go about the world
preaching fine sermons." "He preaches well
who lives well," said Sancho, "and I know no
more theology than that."
"Nor needst thou," said Don Quixote, "but I
cannot conceive or make out how it is that, the
fear of God being the beginning of wisdom,
thou, who art more afraid of a lizard than of
him, knowest so much."
"Pass judgment on your chivalries, senor,"
returned Sancho, "and don't set yourself up to
judge of other men's fears or braveries, for I am
as good a fearer of God as my neighbours; but
leave me to despatch these skimmings, for all
the rest is only idle talk that we shall be called
to account for in the other world;" and so sa-
ying, he began a fresh attack on the bucket,
with such a hearty appetite that he aroused
Don Quixote's, who no doubt would have hel-
ped him had he not been prevented by what
must be told farther on.
 CHAPTER XXI.

IN WHICH CAMACHO'S WEDDING

IS CONTINUED, WITH OTHER DE-
LIGHTFUL INCIDENTS

While Don Quixote and Sancho were enga-

ged in the discussion set forth the last chapter,
they heard loud shouts and a great noise,
which were uttered and made by the men on
the mares as they went at full gallop, shouting,
to receive the bride and bridegroom, who were
approaching with musical instruments and
pageantry of all sorts around them, and ac-
companied by the priest and the relatives of
both, and all the most distinguished people of
the surrounding villages. When Sancho saw the
bride, he exclaimed, "By my faith, she is not
dressed like a country girl, but like some fine
court lady; egad, as well as I can make out, the
patena she wears rich coral, and her green
Cuenca stuff is thirty-pile velvet; and then the
white linen trimming—by my oath, but it's sa-
tin! Look at her hands—jet rings on them! May
I never have luck if they're not gold rings, and
real gold, and set with pearls as white as a
curdled milk, and every one of them worth an
eye of one's head! Whoreson baggage, what
hair she has! if it's not a wig, I never saw longer
or fairer all the days of my life. See how bravely
she bears herself—and her shape! Wouldn't
you say she was like a walking palm tree loa-
ded with clusters of dates? for the trinkets she
has hanging from her hair and neck look just
like them. I swear in my heart she is a brave
lass, and fit 'to pass over the banks of Flan-
ders.'"
Don Quixote laughed at Sancho's boorish
eulogies and thought that, saving his lady Dul-
cinea del Toboso, he had never seen a more
beautiful woman. The fair Quiteria appeared
somewhat pale, which was, no doubt, because
of the bad night brides always pass dressing
themselves out for their wedding on the mo-
rrow. They advanced towards a theatre that
stood on one side of the meadow decked with
carpets and boughs, where they were to plight
their troth, and from which they were to behold
the dances and plays; but at the moment of
their arrival at the spot they heard a loud out-
cry behind them, and a voice exclaiming, "Wait
a little, ye, as inconsiderate as ye are hasty!" At
these words all turned round, and perceived
that the speaker was a man clad in what see-
med to be a loose black coat garnished with
crimson patches like flames. He was crowned
(as was presently seen) with a crown of gloomy
cypress, and in his hand he held a long staff. As
he approached he was recognised by everyone
as the gay Basilio, and all waited anxiously to
see what would come of his words, in dread of
some catastrophe in consequence of his appea-
rance at such a moment. He came up at last
weary and breathless, and planting himself in
front of the bridal pair, drove his staff, which
had a steel spike at the end, into the ground,
and, with a pale face and eyes fixed on Quite-
ria, he thus addressed her in a hoarse, trem-
bling voice:
"Well dost thou know, ungrateful Quiteria,
that according to the holy law we acknowledge,
so long as live thou canst take no husband; nor
art thou ignorant either that, in my hopes that
time and my own exertions would improve my
fortunes, I have never failed to observe the res-
pect due to thy honour; but thou, casting
behind thee all thou owest to my true love,
wouldst surrender what is mine to another
whose wealth serves to bring him not only go-
od fortune but supreme happiness; and now to
complete it (not that I think he deserves it, but
inasmuch as heaven is pleased to bestow it
upon him), I will, with my own hands, do away
with the obstacle that may interfere with it, and
remove myself from between you. Long live
the rich Camacho! many a happy year may he
live with the ungrateful Quiteria! and let the
poor Basilio die, Basilio whose poverty clipped
the wings of his happiness, and brought him to
the grave!"
And so saying, he seized the staff he had
driven into the ground, and leaving one half of
it fixed there, showed it to be a sheath that con-
cealed a tolerably long rapier; and, what may
be called its hilt being planted in the ground, he
swiftly, coolly, and deliberately threw himself
upon it, and in an instant the bloody point and
half the steel blade appeared at his back, the
unhappy man falling to the earth bathed in his
blood, and transfixed by his own weapon.
His friends at once ran to his aid, filled with
grief at his misery and sad fate, and Don
Quixote, dismounting from Rocinante, haste-
ned to support him, and took him in his arms,
and found he had not yet ceased to breathe.
They were about to draw out the rapier, but the
priest who was standing by objected to its
being withdrawn before he had confessed him,
as the instant of its withdrawal would be that
of this death. Basilio, however, reviving sligh-
tly, said in a weak voice, as though in pain, "If
thou wouldst consent, cruel Quiteria, to give
me thy hand as my bride in this last fatal mo-
ment, I might still hope that my rashness
would find pardon, as by its means I attained
the bliss of being thine."
Hearing this the priest bade him think of the
welfare of his soul rather than of the cravings of
the body, and in all earnestness implore God's
pardon for his sins and for his rash resolve; to
which Basilio replied that he was determined
not to confess unless Quiteria first gave him her
hand in marriage, for that happiness would
compose his mind and give him courage to
make his confession.
Don Quixote hearing the wounded man's
entreaty, exclaimed aloud that what Basilio
asked was just and reasonable, and moreover a
request that might be easily complied with; and
that it would be as much to Senor Camacho's
honour to receive the lady Quiteria as the wi-
dow of the brave Basilio as if he received her
direct from her father.
"In this case," said he, "it will be only to say
'yes,' and no consequences can follow the utte-
rance of the word, for the nuptial couch of this
marriage must be the grave."
Camacho was listening to all this, perplexed
and bewildered and not knowing what to say
or do; but so urgent were the entreaties of Basi-
lio's friends, imploring him to allow Quiteria to
give him her hand, so that his soul, quitting this
life in despair, should not be lost, that they mo-
ved, nay, forced him, to say that if Quiteria we-
re willing to give it he was satisfied, as it was
only putting off the fulfillment of his wishes for
a moment. At once all assailed Quiteria and
pressed her, some with prayers, and others
with tears, and others with persuasive argu-
ments, to give her hand to poor Basilio; but she,
harder than marble and more unmoved than
any statue, seemed unable or unwilling to utter
a word, nor would she have given any reply
had not the priest bade her decide quickly what
she meant to do, as Basilio now had his soul at
his teeth, and there was no time for hesitation.
On this the fair Quiteria, to all appearance
distressed, grieved, and repentant, advanced
without a word to where Basilio lay, his eyes
already turned in his head, his breathing short
and painful, murmuring the name of Quiteria
between his teeth, and apparently about to die
like a heathen and not like a Christian. Quiteria
approached him, and kneeling, demanded his
hand by signs without speaking. Basilio opened
his eyes and gazing fixedly at her, said, "O Qui-
teria, why hast thou turned compassionate at a
moment when thy compassion will serve as a
dagger to rob me of life, for I have not now the
strength left either to bear the happiness thou
givest me in accepting me as thine, or to sup-
press the pain that is rapidly drawing the dread
shadow of death over my eyes? What I entreat
of thee, O thou fatal star to me, is that the hand
thou demandest of me and wouldst give me, be
not given out of complaisance or to deceive me
afresh, but that thou confess and declare that
without any constraint upon thy will thou gi-
vest it to me as to thy lawful husband; for it is
not meet that thou shouldst trifle with me at
such a moment as this, or have recourse to fal-
sehoods with one who has dealt so truly by
thee."
While uttering these words he showed such
weakness that the bystanders expected each
return of faintness would take his life with it.
Then Quiteria, overcome with modesty and
shame, holding in her right hand the hand of
Basilio, said, "No force would bend my will; as
freely, therefore, as it is possible for me to do
so, I give thee the hand of a lawful wife, and
take thine if thou givest it to me of thine own
free will, untroubled and unaffected by the
calamity thy hasty act has brought upon thee."
 "Yes, I give it," said Basilio, "not agitated or
distracted, but with unclouded reason that
heaven is pleased to grant me, thus do I give
myself to be thy husband."
"And I give myself to be thy wife," said Qui-
teria, "whether thou livest many years, or they
carry thee from my arms to the grave."
"For one so badly wounded," observed San-
cho at this point, "this young man has a great
deal to say; they should make him leave off
billing and cooing, and attend to his soul; for to
my thinking he has it more on his tongue than
at his teeth."
Basilio and Quiteria having thus joined
hands, the priest, deeply moved and with tears
in his eyes, pronounced the blessing upon
them, and implored heaven to grant an easy
passage to the soul of the newly wedded man,
who, the instant he received the blessing, star-
ted nimbly to his feet and with unparalleled
effrontery pulled out the rapier that had been
sheathed in his body. All the bystanders were
astounded, and some, more simple than inqui-
ring, began shouting, "A miracle, a miracle!"
But Basilio replied, "No miracle, no miracle;
only a trick, a trick!" The priest, perplexed and
amazed, made haste to examine the wound
with both hands, and found that the blade had
passed, not through Basilio's flesh and ribs, but
through a hollow iron tube full of blood, which
he had adroitly fixed at the place, the blood, as
was afterwards ascertained, having been so
prepared as not to congeal. In short, the priest
and Camacho and most of those present saw
they were tricked and made fools of. The bride
showed no signs of displeasure at the decep-
tion; on the contrary, hearing them say that the
marriage, being fraudulent, would not be valid,
she said that she confirmed it afresh, whence
they all concluded that the affair had been
planned by agreement and understanding bet-
ween the pair, whereat Camacho and his sup-
porters were so mortified that they proceeded
to revenge themselves by violence, and a great
number of them drawing their swords attacked
Basilio, in whose protection as many more
swords were in an instant unsheathed, while
Don Quixote taking the lead on horseback, with
his lance over his arm and well covered with
his shield, made all give way before him. San-
cho, who never found any pleasure or enjoy-
ment in such doings, retreated to the wine-jars
from which he had taken his delectable skim-
mings, considering that, as a holy place, that
spot would be respected.
"Hold, sirs, hold!" cried Don Quixote in a
loud voice; "we have no right to take vengeance
for wrongs that love may do to us: remember
love and war are the same thing, and as in war
it is allowable and common to make use of wi-
les and stratagems to overcome the enemy, so
in the contests and rivalries of love the tricks
and devices employed to attain the desired end
are justifiable, provided they be not to the dis-
credit or dishonour of the loved object. Quiteria
belonged to Basilio and Basilio to Quiteria by
the just and beneficent disposal of heaven. Ca-
macho is rich, and can purchase his pleasure
when, where, and as it pleases him. Basilio has
but this ewe-lamb, and no one, however po-
werful he may be, shall take her from him; the-
se two whom God hath joined man cannot se-
parate; and he who attempts it must first pass
the point of this lance;" and so saying he bran-
dished it so stoutly and dexterously that he
overawed all who did not know him.
But so deep an impression had the rejection
of Quiteria made on Camacho's mind that it
banished her at once from his thoughts; and so
the counsels of the priest, who was a wise and
kindly disposed man, prevailed with him, and
by their means he and his partisans were paci-
fied and tranquillised, and to prove it put up
their swords again, inveighing against the
pliancy of Quiteria rather than the craftiness of
Basilio; Camacho maintaining that, if Quiteria
as a maiden had such a love for Basilio, she
would have loved him too as a married wo-
man, and that he ought to thank heaven more
for having taken her than for having given her.
Camacho and those of his following, there-
fore, being consoled and pacified, those on Ba-
silio's side were appeased; and the rich Cama-
cho, to show that he felt no resentment for the
trick, and did not care about it, desired the fes-
tival to go on just as if he were married in reali-
ty. Neither Basilio, however, nor his bride, nor
their followers would take any part in it, and
they withdrew to Basilio's village; for the poor,
if they are persons of virtue and good sense,
have those who follow, honour, and uphold
them, just as the rich have those who flatter and
dance attendance on them. With them they
carried Don Quixote, regarding him as a man
of worth and a stout one. Sancho alone had a
cloud on his soul, for he found himself deba-
rred from waiting for Camacho's splendid feast
and festival, which lasted until night; and thus
dragged away, he moodily followed his master,
who accompanied Basilio's party, and left
behind him the flesh-pots of Egypt; though in
his heart he took them with him, and their now
nearly finished skimmings that he carried in
the bucket conjured up visions before his eyes
of the glory and abundance of the good cheer
he was losing. And so, vexed and dejected
though not hungry, without dismounting from
Dapple he followed in the footsteps of Rocinan-
te.

CHAPTER XXII.

WHERIN IS RELATED THE GRAND

ADVENTURE OF THE CAVE OF
MONTESINOS IN THE HEART OF LA
MANCHA, WHICH THE VALIANT
DON QUIXOTE BROUGHT TO A
HAPPY TERMINATION

Many and great were the attentions shown

to Don Quixote by the newly married couple,
who felt themselves under an obligation to him
for coming forward in defence of their cause;
and they exalted his wisdom to the same level
with his courage, rating him as a Cid in arms,
and a Cicero in eloquence. Worthy Sancho en-
joyed himself for three days at the expense of
the pair, from whom they learned that the
sham wound was not a scheme arranged with
the fair Quiteria, but a device of Basilio's, who
counted on exactly the result they had seen; he
confessed, it is true, that he had confided his
idea to some of his friends, so that at the proper
time they might aid him in his purpose and
insure the success of the deception.
"That," said Don Quixote, "is not and ought
not to be called deception which aims at vir-
tuous ends;" and the marriage of lovers he
maintained to be a most excellent end, remin-
ding them, however, that love has no greater
enemy than hunger and constant want; for love
is all gaiety, enjoyment, and happiness, especia-
lly when the lover is in the possession of the
object of his love, and poverty and want are the
declared enemies of all these; which he said to
urge Senor Basilio to abandon the practice of
those accomplishments he was skilled in, for
though they brought him fame, they brought
him no money, and apply himself to the acqui-
sition of wealth by legitimate industry, which
will never fail those who are prudent and per-
severing. The poor man who is a man of
honour (if indeed a poor man can be a man of
honour) has a jewel when he has a fair wife,
and if she is taken from him, his honour is ta-
ken from him and slain. The fair woman who is
a woman of honour, and whose husband is
poor, deserves to be crowned with the laurels
and crowns of victory and triumph. Beauty by
itself attracts the desires of all who behold it,
and the royal eagles and birds of towering
flight stoop on it as on a dainty lure; but if be-
auty be accompanied by want and penury, then
the ravens and the kites and other birds of prey
assail it, and she who stands firm against such
attacks well deserves to be called the crown of
her husband. "Remember, O prudent Basilio,"
added Don Quixote, "it was the opinion of a
certain sage, I know not whom, that there was
not more than one good woman in the whole
world; and his advice was that each one should
think and believe that this one good woman
was his own wife, and in this way he would
live happy. I myself am not married, nor, so far,
has it ever entered my thoughts to be so; ne-
vertheless I would venture to give advice to
anyone who might ask it, as to the mode in
which he should seek a wife such as he would
be content to marry. The first thing I would
recommend him, would be to look to good na-
me rather than to wealth, for a good woman
does not win a good name merely by being
good, but by letting it be seen that she is so, and
open looseness and freedom do much more
damage to a woman's honour than secret de-
pravity. If you take a good woman into your
house it will be an easy matter to keep her go-
od, and even to make her still better; but if you
take a bad one you will find it hard work to
mend her, for it is no very easy matter to pass
from one extreme to another. I do not say it is
impossible, but I look upon it as difficult."
Sancho, listening to all this, said to himself,
"This master of mine, when I say anything that
has weight and substance, says I might take a
pulpit in hand, and go about the world prea-
ching fine sermons; but I say of him that, when
he begins stringing maxims together and giving
advice not only might he take a pulpit in hand,
but two on each finger, and go into the market-
places to his heart's content. Devil take you for
a knight-errant, what a lot of things you know!
I used to think in my heart that the only thing
he knew was what belonged to his chivalry; but
there is nothing he won't have a finger in."
Sancho muttered this somewhat aloud, and
his master overheard him, and asked, "What art
thou muttering there, Sancho?"
"I'm not saying anything or muttering anyt-
hing," said Sancho; "I was only saying to myself
that I wish I had heard what your worship has
said just now before I married; perhaps I'd say
now, 'The ox that's loose licks himself well.'"
"Is thy Teresa so bad then, Sancho?"
"She is not very bad," replied Sancho; "but
she is not very good; at least she is not as good
as I could wish."
"Thou dost wrong, Sancho," said Don Quixo-
te, "to speak ill of thy wife; for after all she is
the mother of thy children." "We are quits,"
returned Sancho; "for she speaks ill of me whe-
never she takes it into her head, especially
when she is jealous; and Satan himself could
not put up with her then."
 In fine, they remained three days with the
newly married couple, by whom they were
entertained and treated like kings. Don Quixote
begged the fencing licentiate to find him a gui-
de to show him the way to the cave of Montesi-
nos, as he had a great desire to enter it and see
with his own eyes if the wonderful tales that
were told of it all over the country were true.
The licentiate said he would get him a cousin of
his own, a famous scholar, and one very much
given to reading books of chivalry, who would
have great pleasure in conducting him to the
mouth of the very cave, and would show him
the lakes of Ruidera, which were likewise fa-
mous all over La Mancha, and even all over
Spain; and he assured him he would find him
entertaining, for he was a youth who could
write books good enough to be printed and
dedicated to princes. The cousin arrived at last,
leading an ass in foal, with a pack-saddle cove-
red with a parti-coloured carpet or sackcloth;
Sancho saddled Rocinante, got Dapple ready,
and stocked his alforjas, along with which went
those of the cousin, likewise well filled; and so,
commending themselves to God and bidding
farewell to all, they set out, taking the road for
the famous cave of Montesinos.
On the way Don Quixote asked the cousin of
what sort and character his pursuits, avoca-
tions, and studies were, to which he replied
that he was by profession a humanist, and that
his pursuits and studies were making books for
the press, all of great utility and no less enter-
tainment to the nation. One was called "The
Book of Liveries," in which he described seven
hundred and three liveries, with their colours,
mottoes, and ciphers, from which gentlemen of
the court might pick and choose any they fan-
cied for festivals and revels, without having to
go a-begging for them from anyone, or puzz-
ling their brains, as the saying is, to have them
appropriate to their objects and purposes; "for,"
said he, "I give the jealous, the rejected, the for-
gotten, the absent, what will suit them, and fit
them without fail. I have another book, too,
which I shall call 'Metamorphoses, or the Spa-
nish Ovid,' one of rare and original invention,
for imitating Ovid in burlesque style, I show in
it who the Giralda of Seville and the Angel of
the Magdalena were, what the sewer of Vecin-
guerra at Cordova was, what the bulls of Gui-
sando, the Sierra Morena, the Leganitos and
Lavapies fountains at Madrid, not forgetting
those of the Piojo, of the Cano Dorado, and of
the Priora; and all with their allegories, metap-
hors, and changes, so that they are amusing,
interesting, and instructive, all at once. Another
book I have which I call 'The Supplement to
Polydore Vergil,' which treats of the invention
of things, and is a work of great erudition and
research, for I establish and elucidate elegantly
some things of great importance which Polydo-
re omitted to mention. He forgot to tell us who
was the first man in the world that had a cold
in his head, and who was the first to try saliva-
tion for the French disease, but I give it accura-
tely set forth, and quote more than five-and-
twenty authors in proof of it, so you may per-
ceive I have laboured to good purpose and that
the book will be of service to the whole world."
Sancho, who had been very attentive to the
cousin's words, said to him, "Tell me, senor—
and God give you luck in printing your books-
can you tell me (for of course you know, as you
know everything) who was the first man that
scratched his head? For to my thinking it must
have been our father Adam."
"So it must," replied the cousin; "for there is
no doubt but Adam had a head and hair; and
being the first man in the world he would have
scratched himself sometimes."
"So I think," said Sancho; "but now tell me,
who was the first tumbler in the world?"
"Really, brother," answered the cousin, "I
could not at this moment say positively wit-
hout having investigated it; I will look it up
when I go back to where I have my books, and
will satisfy you the next time we meet, for this
will not be the last time."
"Look here, senor," said Sancho, "don't give
yourself any trouble about it, for I have just this
minute hit upon what I asked you. The first
tumbler in the world, you must know, was Lu-
cifer, when they cast or pitched him out of hea-
ven; for he came tumbling into the bottomless
pit."
"You are right, friend," said the cousin; and
said Don Quixote, "Sancho, that question and
answer are not thine own; thou hast heard
them from some one else."
"Hold your peace, senor," said Sancho;
"faith, if I take to asking questions and answe-
ring, I'll go on from this till to-morrow mor-
ning. Nay! to ask foolish things and answer
nonsense I needn't go looking for help from my
neighbours."
"Thou hast said more than thou art aware of,
Sancho," said Don Quixote; "for there are some
who weary themselves out in learning and
proving things that, after they are known and
proved, are not worth a farthing to the unders-
tanding or memory."
In this and other pleasant conversation the
day went by, and that night they put up at a
small hamlet whence it was not more than two
leagues to the cave of Montesinos, so the cousin
told Don Quixote, adding, that if he was bent
upon entering it, it would be requisite for him
to provide himself with ropes, so that he might
be tied and lowered into its depths. Don Quixo-
te said that even if it reached to the bottomless
pit he meant to see where it went to; so they
bought about a hundred fathoms of rope, and
next day at two in the afternoon they arrived at
the cave, the mouth of which is spacious and
wide, but full of thorn and wild-fig bushes and
brambles and briars, so thick and matted that
they completely close it up and cover it over.
On coming within sight of it the cousin, San-
cho, and Don Quixote dismounted, and the first
two immediately tied the latter very firmly
with the ropes, and as they were girding and
swathing him Sancho said to him, "Mind what
you are about, master mine; don't go burying
yourself alive, or putting yourself where you'll
be like a bottle put to cool in a well; it's no affair
or business of your worship's to become the
explorer of this, which must be worse than a
Moorish dungeon."
"Tie me and hold thy peace," said Don
Quixote, "for an emprise like this, friend San-
cho, was reserved for me;" and said the guide,
"I beg of you, Senor Don Quixote, to observe
carefully and examine with a hundred eyes
everything that is within there; perhaps there
may be some things for me to put into my book
of 'Transformations.'"
"The drum is in hands that will know how to
beat it well enough," said
Sancho Panza.
When he had said this and finished the tying
(which was not over the armour but only over
the doublet) Don Quixote observed, "It was
careless of us not to have provided ourselves
with a small cattle-bell to be tied on the rope
close to me, the sound of which would show
that I was still descending and alive; but as that
is out of the question now, in God's hand be it
to guide me;" and forthwith he fell on his knees
and in a low voice offered up a prayer to hea-
ven, imploring God to aid him and grant him
success in this to all appearance perilous and
untried adventure, and then exclaimed aloud,
"O mistress of my actions and movements,
illustrious and peerless Dulcinea del Toboso, if
so be the prayers and supplications of this for-
tunate lover can reach thy ears, by thy incom-
parable beauty I entreat thee to listen to them,
for they but ask thee not to refuse me thy fa-
vour and protection now that I stand in such
need of them. I am about to precipitate, to sink,
to plunge myself into the abyss that is here be-
fore me, only to let the world know that while
thou dost favour me there is no impossibility I
will not attempt and accomplish." With these
words he approached the cavern, and percei-
ved that it was impossible to let himself down
or effect an entrance except by sheer force or
cleaving a passage; so drawing his sword he
began to demolish and cut away the brambles
at the mouth of the cave, at the noise of which a
vast multitude of crows and choughs flew out
of it so thick and so fast that they knocked Don
Quixote down; and if he had been as much of a
believer in augury as he was a Catholic Chris-
tian he would have taken it as a bad omen and
declined to bury himself in such a place. He got
up, however, and as there came no more crows,
or night-birds like the bats that flew out at the
same time with the crows, the cousin and San-
cho giving him rope, he lowered himself into
the depths of the dread cavern; and as he ente-
red it Sancho sent his blessing after him, ma-
king a thousand crosses over him and saying,
"God, and the Pena de Francia, and the Trinity
of Gaeta guide thee, flower and cream of
knights-errant. There thou goest, thou dare-
devil of the earth, heart of steel, arm of brass;
once more, God guide thee and send thee back
safe, sound, and unhurt to the light of this
world thou art leaving to bury thyself in the
darkness thou art seeking there;" and the cou-
sin offered up almost the same prayers and
supplications.
Don Quixote kept calling to them to give
him rope and more rope, and they gave it out
little by little, and by the time the calls, which
came out of the cave as out of a pipe, ceased to
be heard they had let down the hundred fat-
homs of rope. They were inclined to pull Don
Quixote up again, as they could give him no
more rope; however, they waited about half an
hour, at the end of which time they began to
gather in the rope again with great ease and
without feeling any weight, which made them
fancy Don Quixote was remaining below; and
persuaded that it was so, Sancho wept bitterly,
and hauled away in great haste in order to set-
tle the question. When, however, they had co-
me to, as it seemed, rather more than eighty
fathoms they felt a weight, at which they were
greatly delighted; and at last, at ten fathoms
more, they saw Don Quixote distinctly, and
Sancho called out to him, saying, "Welcome
back, senor, for we had begun to think you we-
re going to stop there to found a family." But
Don Quixote answered not a word, and dra-
wing him out entirely they perceived he had
his eyes shut and every appearance of being
fast asleep.
They stretched him on the ground and un-
tied him, but still he did not awake; however,
they rolled him back and forwards and shook
and pulled him about, so that after some time
he came to himself, stretching himself just as if
he were waking up from a deep and sound
sleep, and looking about him he said, "God
forgive you, friends; ye have taken me away
from the sweetest and most delightful existence
and spectacle that ever human being enjoyed or
beheld. Now indeed do I know that all the
pleasures of this life pass away like a shadow
and a dream, or fade like the flower of the field.
O ill-fated Montesinos! O sore-wounded Du-
randarte! O unhappy Belerma! O tearful Gua-
diana, and ye O hapless daughters of Ruidera
who show in your waves the tears that flowed
from your beauteous eyes!"
The cousin and Sancho Panza listened with
deep attention to the words of Don Quixote,
who uttered them as though with immense
pain he drew them up from his very bowels.
They begged of him to explain himself, and tell
them what he had seen in that hell down there.
"Hell do you call it?" said Don Quixote; "call
it by no such name, for it does not deserve it, as
ye shall soon see."
He then begged them to give him something
to eat, as he was very hungry. They spread the
cousin's sackcloth on the grass, and put the
stores of the alforjas into requisition, and all
three sitting down lovingly and sociably, they
made a luncheon and a supper of it all in one;
and when the sackcloth was removed, Don
Quixote of La Mancha said, "Let no one rise,
and attend to me, my sons, both of you."

CHAPTER XXIII.

OF THE WONDERFUL THINGS

THE INCOMPARABLE DON QUIXO-
TE SAID HE SAW IN THE PRO-
FOUND CAVE OF MONTESINOS,
THE IMPOSSIBILITY AND MAGNI-
TUDE OF WHICH CAUSE THIS AD-
VENTURE TO BE DEEMED APO-
CRYPHAL
 It was about four in the afternoon when the
sun, veiled in clouds, with subdued light and
tempered beams, enabled Don Quixote to rela-
te, without heat or inconvenience, what he had
seen in the cave of Montesinos to his two illus-
trious hearers, and he began as follows:
"A matter of some twelve or fourteen times a
man's height down in this pit, on the right-
hand side, there is a recess or space, roomy
enough to contain a large cart with its mules. A
little light reaches it through some chinks or
crevices, communicating with it and open to
the surface of the earth. This recess or space I
perceived when I was already growing weary
and disgusted at finding myself hanging sus-
pended by the rope, travelling downwards into
that dark region without any certainty or
knowledge of where I was going, so I resolved
to enter it and rest myself for a while. I called
out, telling you not to let out more rope until I
bade you, but you cannot have heard me. I then
gathered in the rope you were sending me, and
making a coil or pile of it I seated myself upon
it, ruminating and considering what I was to do
to lower myself to the bottom, having no one to
hold me up; and as I was thus deep in thought
and perplexity, suddenly and without provoca-
tion a profound sleep fell upon me, and when I
least expected it, I know not how, I awoke and
found myself in the midst of the most beautiful,
delightful meadow that nature could produce
or the most lively human imagination conceive.
I opened my eyes, I rubbed them, and found I
was not asleep but thoroughly awake. Nevert-
heless, I felt my head and breast to satisfy my-
self whether it was I myself who was there or
some empty delusive phantom; but touch, fee-
ling, the collected thoughts that passed through
my mind, all convinced me that I was the same
then and there that I am this moment. Next
there presented itself to my sight a stately royal
palace or castle, with walls that seemed built of
clear transparent crystal; and through two great
doors that opened wide therein, I saw coming
forth and advancing towards me a venerable
old man, clad in a long gown of mulberry-
coloured serge that trailed upon the ground.
On his shoulders and breast he had a green
satin collegiate hood, and covering his head a
black Milanese bonnet, and his snow-white
beard fell below his girdle. He carried no arms
whatever, nothing but a rosary of beads bigger
than fair-sized filberts, each tenth bead being
like a moderate ostrich egg; his bearing, his
gait, his dignity and imposing presence held
me spellbound and wondering. He approached
me, and the first thing he did was to embrace
me closely, and then he said to me, 'For a long
time now, O valiant knight Don Quixote of La
Mancha, we who are here enchanted in these
solitudes have been hoping to see thee, that
thou mayest make known to the world what is
shut up and concealed in this deep cave, called
the cave of Montesinos, which thou hast ente-
red, an achievement reserved for thy invincible
heart and stupendous courage alone to attempt.
Come with me, illustrious sir, and I will show
thee the marvels hidden within this transparent
castle, whereof I am the alcaide and perpetual
warden; for I am Montesinos himself, from
whom the cave takes its name.'
"The instant he told me he was Montesinos, I
asked him if the story they told in the world
above here was true, that he had taken out the
heart of his great friend Durandarte from his
breast with a little dagger, and carried it to the
lady Belerma, as his friend when at the point of
death had commanded him. He said in reply
that they spoke the truth in every respect ex-
cept as to the dagger, for it was not a dagger,
nor little, but a burnished poniard sharper than
an awl."
"That poniard must have been made by Ra-
mon de Hoces the Sevillian," said
Sancho.
"I do not know," said Don Quixote; "it could
not have been by that poniard maker, however,
because Ramon de Hoces was a man of yester-
day, and the affair of Roncesvalles, where this
mishap occurred, was long ago; but the ques-
tion is of no great importance, nor does it affect
or make any alteration in the truth or substance
of the story."
"That is true," said the cousin; "continue, Se-
nor Don Quixote, for I am listening to you with
the greatest pleasure in the world."
"And with no less do I tell the tale," said Don
Quixote; "and so, to proceed—the venerable
Montesinos led me into the palace of crystal,
where, in a lower chamber, strangely cool and
entirely of alabaster, was an elaborately
wrought marble tomb, upon which I beheld,
stretched at full length, a knight, not of bronze,
or marble, or jasper, as are seen on other tombs,
but of actual flesh and bone. His right hand
(which seemed to me somewhat hairy and si-
newy, a sign of great strength in its owner) lay
on the side of his heart; but before I could put
any question to Montesinos, he, seeing me ga-
zing at the tomb in amazement, said to me,
'This is my friend Durandarte, flower and mi-
rror of the true lovers and valiant knights of his
time. He is held enchanted here, as I myself and
many others are, by that French enchanter Mer-
lin, who, they say, was the devil's son; but my
belief is, not that he was the devil's son, but that
he knew, as the saying is, a point more than the
devil. How or why he enchanted us, no one
knows, but time will tell, and I suspect that
time is not far off. What I marvel at is, that I
know it to be as sure as that it is now day, that
Durandarte ended his life in my arms, and that,
after his death, I took out his heart with my
own hands; and indeed it must have weighed
more than two pounds, for, according to natu-
ralists, he who has a large heart is more largely
endowed with valour than he who has a small
one. Then, as this is the case, and as the knight
did really die, how comes it that he now moans
and sighs from time to time, as if he were still
alive?'
 "As he said this, the wretched Durandarte
cried out in a loud voice:
O cousin Montesinos!
'T was my last request of thee,
When my soul hath left the body,
And that lying dead I be,
With thy poniard or thy dagger
Cut the heart from out my breast,
And bear it to Belerma.
This was my last request."
On hearing which, the venerable Montesinos
fell on his knees before the unhappy knight,
and with tearful eyes exclaimed, 'Long since,
Senor Durandarte, my beloved cousin, long
since have I done what you bade me on that
sad day when I lost you; I took out your heart
as well as I could, not leaving an atom of it in
your breast, I wiped it with a lace handkerchief,
and I took the road to France with it, having
first laid you in the bosom of the earth with
tears enough to wash and cleanse my hands of
the blood that covered them after wandering
among your bowels; and more by token, O
cousin of my soul, at the first village I came to
after leaving Roncesvalles, I sprinkled a little
salt upon your heart to keep it sweet, and bring
it, if not fresh, at least pickled, into the presence
of the lady Belerma, whom, together with you,
myself, Guadiana your squire, the duenna Rui-
dera and her seven daughters and two nieces,
and many more of your friends and acquain-
tances, the sage Merlin has been keeping en-
chanted here these many years; and although
more than five hundred have gone by, not one
of us has died; Ruidera and her daughters and
nieces alone are missing, and these, because of
the tears they shed, Merlin, out of the compas-
sion he seems to have felt for them, changed
into so many lakes, which to this day in the
world of the living, and in the province of La
Mancha, are called the Lakes of Ruidera. The
seven daughters belong to the kings of Spain
and the two nieces to the knights of a very holy
order called the Order of St. John. Guadiana
your squire, likewise bewailing your fate, was
changed into a river of his own name, but when
he came to the surface and beheld the sun of
another heaven, so great was his grief at fin-
ding he was leaving you, that he plunged into
the bowels of the earth; however, as he cannot
help following his natural course, he from time
to time comes forth and shows himself to the
sun and the world. The lakes aforesaid send
him their waters, and with these, and others
that come to him, he makes a grand and impo-
sing entrance into Portugal; but for all that, go
where he may, he shows his melancholy and
sadness, and takes no pride in breeding dainty
choice fish, only coarse and tasteless sorts, very
different from those of the golden Tagus. All
this that I tell you now, O cousin mine, I have
told you many times before, and as you make
no answer, I fear that either you believe me not,
or do not hear me, whereat I feel God knows
what grief. I have now news to give you,
which, if it serves not to alleviate your suffe-
rings, will not in any wise increase them. Know
that you have here before you (open your eyes
and you will see) that great knight of whom the
sage Merlin has prophesied such great things;
that Don Quixote of La Mancha I mean, who
has again, and to better purpose than in past
times, revived in these days knight-errantry,
long since forgotten, and by whose intervention
and aid it may be we shall be disenchanted; for
great deeds are reserved for great men.'
"'And if that may not be,' said the wretched
Durandarte in a low and feeble voice, 'if that
may not be, then, my cousin, I say "patience
and shuffle;"' and turning over on his side, he
relapsed into his former silence without utte-
ring another word.
"And now there was heard a great outcry
and lamentation, accompanied by deep sighs
and bitter sobs. I looked round, and through
the crystal wall I saw passing through another
chamber a procession of two lines of fair dam-
sels all clad in mourning, and with white tur-
bans of Turkish fashion on their heads. Behind,
in the rear of these, there came a lady, for so
from her dignity she seemed to be, also clad in
black, with a white veil so long and ample that
it swept the ground. Her turban was twice as
large as the largest of any of the others; her
eyebrows met, her nose was rather flat, her
mouth was large but with ruddy lips, and her
teeth, of which at times she allowed a glimpse,
were seen to be sparse and ill-set, though as
white as peeled almonds. She carried in her
hands a fine cloth, and in it, as well as I could
make out, a heart that had been mummied, so
parched and dried was it. Montesinos told me
that all those forming the procession were the
attendants of Durandarte and Belerma, who
were enchanted there with their master and
mistress, and that the last, she who carried the
heart in the cloth, was the lady Belerma, who,
with her damsels, four days in the week went
in procession singing, or rather weeping, dirges
over the body and miserable heart of his cou-
sin; and that if she appeared to me somewhat
ill-favoured or not so beautiful as fame repor-
ted her, it was because of the bad nights and
worse days that she passed in that enchant-
ment, as I could see by the great dark circles
round her eyes, and her sickly complexion; 'her
sallowness, and the rings round her eyes,' said
he, 'are not caused by the periodical ailment
usual with women, for it is many months and
even years since she has had any, but by the
grief her own heart suffers because of that
which she holds in her hand perpetually, and
which recalls and brings back to her memory
the sad fate of her lost lover; were it not for this,
hardly would the great Dulcinea del Toboso, so
celebrated in all these parts, and even in the
world, come up to her for beauty, grace, and
gaiety.'
"'Hold hard!' said I at this, 'tell your story as
you ought, Senor Don Montesinos, for you
know very well that all comparisons are
odious, and there is no occasion to compare one
person with another; the peerless Dulcinea del
Toboso is what she is, and the lady Dona Be-
lerma is what she is and has been, and that's
enough.' To which he made answer, 'Forgive
me, Senor Don Quixote; I own I was wrong and
spoke unadvisedly in saying that the lady Dul-
cinea could scarcely come up to the lady Be-
lerma; for it were enough for me to have lear-
ned, by what means I know not, that you are
her knight, to make me bite my tongue out be-
fore I compared her to anything save heaven
itself.' After this apology which the great Mon-
tesinos made me, my heart recovered itself
from the shock I had received in hearing my
lady compared with Belerma."
"Still I wonder," said Sancho, "that your
worship did not get upon the old fellow and
bruise every bone of him with kicks, and pluck
his beard until you didn't leave a hair in it."
"Nay, Sancho, my friend," said Don Quixote,
"it would not have been right in me to do that,
for we are all bound to pay respect to the aged,
even though they be not knights, but especially
to those who are, and who are enchanted; I
only know I gave him as good as he brought in
the many other questions and answers we ex-
changed."
"I cannot understand, Senor Don Quixote,"
remarked the cousin here, "how it is that your
worship, in such a short space of time as you
have been below there, could have seen so ma-
ny things, and said and answered so much."
"How long is it since I went down?" asked
Don Quixote.
"Little better than an hour," replied Sancho.
"That cannot be," returned Don Quixote,
"because night overtook me while I was there,
and day came, and it was night again and day
again three times; so that, by my reckoning, I
have been three days in those remote regions
beyond our ken."
"My master must be right," replied Sancho;
"for as everything that has happened to him is
by enchantment, maybe what seems to us an
hour would seem three days and nights there."
"That's it," said Don Quixote.
"And did your worship eat anything all that
time, senor?" asked the cousin.
"I never touched a morsel," answered Don
Quixote, "nor did I feel hunger, or think of it."
"And do the enchanted eat?" said the cousin.
"They neither eat," said Don Quixote; "nor
are they subject to the greater excrements,
though it is thought that their nails, beards, and
hair grow."
"And do the enchanted sleep, now, senor?"
asked Sancho.
"Certainly not," replied Don Quixote; "at le-
ast, during those three days
I was with them not one of them closed an eye,
nor did I either."
"The proverb, 'Tell me what company thou
keepest and I'll tell thee what thou art,' is to the
point here," said Sancho; "your worship keeps
company with enchanted people that are al-
ways fasting and watching; what wonder is it,
then, that you neither eat nor sleep while you
are with them? But forgive me, senor, if I say
that of all this you have told us now, may God
take me—I was just going to say the devil—if I
believe a single particle."
"What!" said the cousin, "has Senor Don
Quixote, then, been lying? Why, even if he wis-
hed it he has not had time to imagine and put
together such a host of lies."
"I don't believe my master lies," said Sancho.
"If not, what dost thou believe?" asked Don
Quixote.
"I believe," replied Sancho, "that this Merlin,
or those enchanters who enchanted the whole
crew your worship says you saw and discour-
sed with down there, stuffed your imagination
or your mind with all this rigmarole you have
been treating us to, and all that is still to come."
"All that might be, Sancho," replied Don
Quixote; "but it is not so, for everything that I
have told you I saw with my own eyes, and
touched with my own hands. But what will you
say when I tell you now how, among the coun-
tless other marvellous things Montesinos sho-
wed me (of which at leisure and at the proper
time I will give thee an account in the course of
our journey, for they would not be all in place
here), he showed me three country girls who
went skipping and capering like goats over the
pleasant fields there, and the instant I beheld
them I knew one to be the peerless Dulcinea del
Toboso, and the other two those same country
girls that were with her and that we spoke to
on the road from El Toboso! I asked Montesinos
if he knew them, and he told me he did not, but
he thought they must be some enchanted ladies
of distinction, for it was only a few days before
that they had made their appearance in those
meadows; but I was not to be surprised at that,
because there were a great many other ladies
there of times past and present, enchanted in
various strange shapes, and among them he
had recognised Queen Guinevere and her da-
me Quintanona, she who poured out the wine
for Lancelot when he came from Britain."
When Sancho Panza heard his master say
this he was ready to take leave of his senses, or
die with laughter; for, as he knew the real truth
about the pretended enchantment of Dulcinea,
in which he himself had been the enchanter and
concocter of all the evidence, he made up his
mind at last that, beyond all doubt, his master
was out of his wits and stark mad, so he said to
him, "It was an evil hour, a worse season, and a
sorrowful day, when your worship, dear mas-
ter mine, went down to the other world, and an
unlucky moment when you met with Senor
Montesinos, who has sent you back to us like
this. You were well enough here above in your
full senses, such as God had given you, delive-
ring maxims and giving advice at every turn,
and not as you are now, talking the greatest
nonsense that can be imagined."
"As I know thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"I heed not thy words."
 "Nor I your worship's," said Sancho, "whet-
her you beat me or kill me for those I have spo-
ken, and will speak if you don't correct and
mend your own. But tell me, while we are still
at peace, how or by what did you recognise the
lady our mistress; and if you spoke to her, what
did you say, and what did she answer?"
"I recognised her," said Don Quixote, "by her
wearing the same garments she wore when
thou didst point her out to me. I spoke to her,
but she did not utter a word in reply; on the
contrary, she turned her back on me and took
to flight, at such a pace that crossbow bolt
could not have overtaken her. I wished to fo-
llow her, and would have done so had not
Montesinos recommended me not to take the
trouble as it would be useless, particularly as
the time was drawing near when it would be
necessary for me to quit the cavern. He told me,
moreover, that in course of time he would let
me know how he and Belerma, and Durandar-
te, and all who were there, were to be disen-
chanted. But of all I saw and observed down
there, what gave me most pain was, that while
Montesinos was speaking to me, one of the two
companions of the hapless Dulcinea approa-
ched me on one without my having seen her
coming, and with tears in her eyes said to me,
in a low, agitated voice, 'My lady Dulcinea del
Toboso kisses your worship's hands, and entre-
ats you to do her the favour of letting her know
how you are; and, being in great need, she also
entreats your worship as earnestly as she can to
be so good as to lend her half a dozen reals, or
as much as you may have about you, on this
new dimity petticoat that I have here; and she
promises to repay them very speedily.' I was
amazed and taken aback by such a message,
and turning to Senor Montesinos I asked him,
'Is it possible, Senor Montesinos, that persons of
distinction under enchantment can be in need?'
To which he replied, 'Believe me, Senor Don
Quixote, that which is called need is to be met
with everywhere, and penetrates all quarters
and reaches everyone, and does not spare even
the enchanted; and as the lady Dulcinea del
Toboso sends to beg those six reals, and the
pledge is to all appearance a good one, there is
nothing for it but to give them to her, for no
doubt she must be in some great strait.' 'I will
take no pledge of her,' I replied, 'nor yet can I
give her what she asks, for all I have is four
reals; which I gave (they were those which
thou, Sancho, gavest me the other day to bes-
tow in alms upon the poor I met along the ro-
ad), and I said, 'Tell your mistress, my dear,
that I am grieved to the heart because of her
distresses, and wish I was a Fucar to remedy
them, and that I would have her know that I
cannot be, and ought not be, in health while
deprived of the happiness of seeing her and
enjoying her discreet conversation, and that I
implore her as earnestly as I can, to allow her-
self to be seen and addressed by this her capti-
ve servant and forlorn knight. Tell her, too, that
when she least expects it she will hear it an-
nounced that I have made an oath and vow
after the fashion of that which the Marquis of
Mantua made to avenge his nephew Baldwin,
when he found him at the point of death in the
heart of the mountains, which was, not to eat
bread off a tablecloth, and other trifling matters
which he added, until he had avenged him; and
I will make the same to take no rest, and to ro-
am the seven regions of the earth more tho-
roughly than the Infante Don Pedro of Portugal
ever roamed them, until I have disenchanted
her.' 'All that and more, you owe my lady,' the
damsel's answer to me, and taking the four
reals, instead of making me a curtsey she cut a
caper, springing two full yards into the air."
"O blessed God!" exclaimed Sancho aloud at
this, "is it possible that such things can be in the
world, and that enchanters and enchantments
can have such power in it as to have changed
my master's right senses into a craze so full of
absurdity! O senor, senor, for God's sake, con-
sider yourself, have a care for your honour, and
give no credit to this silly stuff that has left you
scant and short of wits."
"Thou talkest in this way because thou lo-
vest me, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "and not
being experienced in the things of the world,
everything that has some difficulty about it
seems to thee impossible; but time will pass, as
I said before, and I will tell thee some of the
things I saw down there which will make thee
believe what I have related now, the truth of
which admits of neither reply nor question."

CHAPTER XXIV.

WHEREIN ARE RELATED A

THOUSAND TRIFLING MATTERS, AS
TRIVIAL AS THEY ARE NECESSARY
TO THE RIGHT UNDERSTANDING
OF THIS GREAT HISTORY

He who translated this great history from

the original written by its first author, Cide
Hamete Benengeli, says that on coming to the
chapter giving the adventures of the cave of
Montesinos he found written on the margin of
it, in Hamete's own hand, these exact words:
"I cannot convince or persuade myself that
everything that is written in the preceding
chapter could have precisely happened to the
valiant Don Quixote; and for this reason, that
all the adventures that have occurred up to the
present have been possible and probable; but as
for this one of the cave, I see no way of accep-
ting it as true, as it passes all reasonable
bounds. For me to believe that Don Quixote
could lie, he being the most truthful gentleman
and the noblest knight of his time, is impossi-
ble; he would not have told a lie though he we-
re shot to death with arrows. On the other
hand, I reflect that he related and told the story
with all the circumstances detailed, and that he
could not in so short a space have fabricated
such a vast complication of absurdities; if, then,
this adventure seems apocryphal, it is no fault
of mine; and so, without affirming its falsehood
or its truth, I write it down. Decide for thyself
in thy wisdom, reader; for I am not bound, nor
is it in my power, to do more; though certain it
is they say that at the time of his death he re-
tracted, and said he had invented it, thinking it
matched and tallied with the adventures he
had read of in his histories." And then he goes
on to say:
The cousin was amazed as well at Sancho's
boldness as at the patience of his master, and
concluded that the good temper the latter dis-
played arose from the happiness he felt at
having seen his lady Dulcinea, even enchanted
as she was; because otherwise the words and
language Sancho had addressed to him deser-
ved a thrashing; for indeed he seemed to him to
have been rather impudent to his master, to
whom he now observed, "I, Senor Don Quixote
of La Mancha, look upon the time I have spent
in travelling with your worship as very well
employed, for I have gained four things in the
course of it; the first is that I have made your
acquaintance, which I consider great good for-
tune; the second, that I have learned what the
cave of Montesinos contains, together with the
transformations of Guadiana and of the lakes of
Ruidera; which will be of use to me for the
Spanish Ovid that I have in hand; the third, to
have discovered the antiquity of cards, that
they were in use at least in the time of Charle-
magne, as may be inferred from the words you
say Durandarte uttered when, at the end of that
long spell while Montesinos was talking to him,
he woke up and said, 'Patience and shuffle.'
This phrase and expression he could not have
learned while he was enchanted, but only befo-
re he had become so, in France, and in the time
of the aforesaid emperor Charlemagne. And
this demonstration is just the thing for me for
that other book I am writing, the 'Supplement
to Polydore Vergil on the Invention of Antiqui-
ties;' for I believe he never thought of inserting
that of cards in his book, as I mean to do in mi-
ne, and it will be a matter of great importance,
particularly when I can cite so grave and vera-
cious an authority as Senor Durandarte. And
the fourth thing is, that I have ascertained the
source of the river Guadiana, heretofore unk-
nown to mankind."
"You are right," said Don Quixote; "but I
should like to know, if by
God's favour they grant you a licence to print
those books of yours-which
I doubt—to whom do you mean dedicate
them?"
"There are lords and grandees in Spain to
whom they can be dedicated," said the cousin.
"Not many," said Don Quixote; "not that
they are unworthy of it, but because they do
not care to accept books and incur the obliga-
tion of making the return that seems due to the
author's labour and courtesy. One prince I
know who makes up for all the rest, and more-
how much more, if I ventured to say, perhaps I
should stir up envy in many a noble breast; but
let this stand over for some more convenient
time, and let us go and look for some place to
shelter ourselves in to-night."
"Not far from this," said the cousin, "there is
a hermitage, where there lives a hermit, who
they say was a soldier, and who has the reputa-
tion of being a good Christian and a very inte-
lligent and charitable man. Close to the hermi-
tage he has a small house which he built at his
own cost, but though small it is large enough
for the reception of guests."
"Has this hermit any hens, do you think?"
asked Sancho.
"Few hermits are without them," said Don
Quixote; "for those we see now-a-days are not
like the hermits of the Egyptian deserts who
were clad in palm-leaves, and lived on the roots
of the earth. But do not think that by praising
these I am disparaging the others; all I mean to
say is that the penances of those of the present
day do not come up to the asceticism and aus-
terity of former times; but it does not follow
from this that they are not all worthy; at least I
think them so; and at the worst the hypocrite
who pretends to be good does less harm than
the open sinner."
At this point they saw approaching the spot
where they stood a man on foot, proceeding at
a rapid pace, and beating a mule loaded with
lances and halberds. When he came up to them,
he saluted them and passed on without stop-
ping. Don Quixote called to him, "Stay, good
fellow; you seem to be making more haste than
suits that mule."
"I cannot stop, senor," answered the man;
"for the arms you see I carry here are to be used
tomorrow, so I must not delay; God be with
you. But if you want to know what I am carr-
ying them for, I mean to lodge to-night at the
inn that is beyond the hermitage, and if you be
going the same road you will find me there,
and I will tell you some curious things; once
more God be with you;" and he urged on his
mule at such a pace that Don Quixote had no
time to ask him what these curious things were
that he meant to tell them; and as he was so-
mewhat inquisitive, and always tortured by his
anxiety to learn something new, he decided to
set out at once, and go and pass the night at the
inn instead of stopping at the hermitage, where
the cousin would have had them halt. Accor-
dingly they mounted and all three took the
direct road for the inn, which they reached a
little before nightfall. On the road the cousin
proposed they should go up to the hermitage to
drink a sup. The instant Sancho heard this he
steered his Dapple towards it, and Don Quixote
and the cousin did the same; but it seems San-
cho's bad luck so ordered it that the hermit was
not at home, for so a sub-hermit they found in
the hermitage told them. They called for some
of the best. She replied that her master had no-
ne, but that if they liked cheap water she would
give it with great pleasure.
"If I found any in water," said Sancho, "there
are wells along the road where I could have
had enough of it. Ah, Camacho's wedding, and
plentiful house of Don Diego, how often do I
miss you!"
Leaving the hermitage, they pushed on to-
wards the inn, and a little farther they came
upon a youth who was pacing along in front of
them at no great speed, so that they overtook
him. He carried a sword over his shoulder, and
slung on it a budget or bundle of his clothes
apparently, probably his breeches or pantalo-
ons, and his cloak and a shirt or two; for he had
on a short jacket of velvet with a gloss like satin
on it in places, and had his shirt out; his stoc-
kings were of silk, and his shoes square-toed as
they wear them at court. His age might have
been eighteen or nineteen; he was of a merry
countenance, and to all appearance of an active
habit, and he went along singing seguidillas to
beguile the wearisomeness of the road. As they
came up with him he was just finishing one,
which the cousin got by heart and they say ran
thus—
I'm off to the wars
For the want of pence,
Oh, had I but money
I'd show more sense.
The first to address him was Don Quixote,
who said, "You travel very airily, sir gallant;
whither bound, may we ask, if it is your plea-
sure to tell us?"
To which the youth replied, "The heat and
my poverty are the reason of my travelling so
airily, and it is to the wars that I am bound."
"How poverty?" asked Don Quixote; "the
heat one can understand."
"Senor," replied the youth, "in this bundle I
carry velvet pantaloons to match this jacket; if I
wear them out on the road, I shall not be able to
make a decent appearance in them in the city,
and I have not the wherewithal to buy others;
and so for this reason, as well as to keep myself
cool, I am making my way in this fashion to
overtake some companies of infantry that are
not twelve leagues off, in which I shall enlist,
and there will be no want of baggage trains to
travel with after that to the place of embarka-
tion, which they say will be Carthagena; I
would rather have the King for a master, and
serve him in the wars, than serve a court pau-
per."
"And did you get any bounty, now?" asked
the cousin.
"If I had been in the service of some grandee
of Spain or personage of distinction," replied
the youth, "I should have been safe to get it; for
that is the advantage of serving good masters,
that out of the servants' hall men come to be
ancients or captains, or get a good pension. But
I, to my misfortune, always served place-
hunters and adventurers, whose keep and wa-
ges were so miserable and scanty that half went
in paying for the starching of one's collars; it
would be a miracle indeed if a page volunteer
ever got anything like a reasonable bounty."
"And tell me, for heaven's sake," asked Don
Quixote, "is it possible, my friend, that all the
time you served you never got any livery?"
"They gave me two," replied the page; "but
just as when one quits a religious community
before making profession, they strip him of the
dress of the order and give him back his own
clothes, so did my masters return me mine; for
as soon as the business on which they came to
court was finished, they went home and took
back the liveries they had given merely for
show."
"What spilorceria!—as an Italian would say,"
said Don Quixote; "but for all that, consider
yourself happy in having left court with as
worthy an object as you have, for there is not-
hing on earth more honourable or profitable
than serving, first of all God, and then one's
king and natural lord, particularly in the pro-
fession of arms, by which, if not more wealth,
at least more honour is to be won than by let-
ters, as I have said many a time; for though
letters may have founded more great houses
than arms, still those founded by arms have I
know not what superiority over those founded
by letters, and a certain splendour belonging to
them that distinguishes them above all. And
bear in mind what I am now about to say to
you, for it will be of great use and comfort to
you in time of trouble; it is, not to let your mind
dwell on the adverse chances that may befall
you; for the worst of all is death, and if it be a
good death, the best of all is to die. They asked
Julius Caesar, the valiant Roman emperor,
what was the best death. He answered, that
which is unexpected, which comes suddenly
and unforeseen; and though he answered like a
pagan, and one without the knowledge of the
true God, yet, as far as sparing our feelings is
concerned, he was right; for suppose you are
killed in the first engagement or skirmish,
whether by a cannon ball or blown up by mine,
what matters it? It is only dying, and all is over;
and according to Terence, a soldier shows bet-
ter dead in battle, than alive and safe in flight;
and the good soldier wins fame in proportion
as he is obedient to his captains and those in
command over him. And remember, my son,
that it is better for the soldier to smell of gun-
powder than of civet, and that if old age should
come upon you in this honourable calling,
though you may be covered with wounds and
crippled and lame, it will not come upon you
without honour, and that such as poverty can-
not lessen; especially now that provisions are
being made for supporting and relieving old
and disabled soldiers; for it is not right to deal
with them after the fashion of those who set
free and get rid of their black slaves when they
are old and useless, and, turning them out of
their houses under the pretence of making
them free, make them slaves to hunger, from
which they cannot expect to be released except
by death. But for the present I won't say more
than get ye up behind me on my horse as far as
the inn, and sup with me there, and to-morrow
you shall pursue your journey, and God give
you as good speed as your intentions deserve."
The page did not accept the invitation to
mount, though he did that to supper at the inn;
and here they say Sancho said to himself, "God
be with you for a master; is it possible that a
man who can say things so many and so good
as he has said just now, can say that he saw the
impossible absurdities he reports about the
cave of Montesinos? Well, well, we shall see."
And now, just as night was falling, they rea-
ched the inn, and it was not without satisfac-
tion that Sancho perceived his master took it for
a real inn, and not for a castle as usual. The
instant they entered Don Quixote asked the
landlord after the man with the lances and hal-
berds, and was told that he was in the stable
seeing to his mule; which was what Sancho and
the cousin proceeded to do for their beasts, gi-
ving the best manger and the best place in the
stable to Rocinante.

CHAPTER XXV.

WHEREIN IS SET DOWN THE

BRAYING ADVENTURE, AND THE
DROLL ONE OF THE PUPPET-
SHOWMAN, TOGETHER WITH THE
MEMORABLE DIVINATIONS OF THE
DIVINING APE

Don Quixote's bread would not bake, as the

common saying is, until he had heard and lear-
ned the curious things promised by the man
who carried the arms. He went to seek him
where the innkeeper said he was and having
found him, bade him say now at any rate what
he had to say in answer to the question he had
asked him on the road. "The tale of my won-
ders must be taken more leisurely and not
standing," said the man; "let me finish fodde-
ring my beast, good sir; and then I'll tell you
things that will astonish you."
"Don't wait for that," said Don Quixote; "I'll
help you in everything," and so he did, sifting
the barley for him and cleaning out the manger;
a degree of humility which made the other feel
bound to tell him with a good grace what he
had asked; so seating himself on a bench, with
Don Quixote beside him, and the cousin, the
page, Sancho Panza, and the landlord, for a
senate and an audience, he began his story in
this way:
"You must know that in a village four lea-
gues and a half from this inn, it so happened
that one of the regidors, by the tricks and ro-
guery of a servant girl of his (it's too long a tale
to tell), lost an ass; and though he did all he
possibly could to find it, it was all to no purpo-
se. A fortnight might have gone by, so the story
goes, since the ass had been missing, when, as
the regidor who had lost it was standing in the
plaza, another regidor of the same town said to
him, 'Pay me for good news, gossip; your ass
has turned up.' 'That I will, and well, gossip,'
said the other; 'but tell us, where has he turned
up?' 'In the forest,' said the finder; 'I saw him
this morning without pack-saddle or harness of
any sort, and so lean that it went to one's heart
to see him. I tried to drive him before me and
bring him to you, but he is already so wild and
shy that when I went near him he made off into
the thickest part of the forest. If you have a
mind that we two should go back and look for
him, let me put up this she-ass at my house and
I'll be back at once.' 'You will be doing me a
great kindness,' said the owner of the ass, 'and
I'll try to pay it back in the same coin.' It is with
all these circumstances, and in the very same
way I am telling it now, that those who know
all about the matter tell the story. Well then, the
two regidors set off on foot, arm in arm, for the
forest, and coming to the place where they
hoped to find the ass they could not find him,
nor was he to be seen anywhere about, search
as they might. Seeing, then, that there was no
sign of him, the regidor who had seen him said
to the other, 'Look here, gossip; a plan has oc-
curred to me, by which, beyond a doubt, we
shall manage to discover the animal, even if he
is stowed away in the bowels of the earth, not
to say the forest. Here it is. I can bray to perfec-
tion, and if you can ever so little, the thing's as
good as done.' 'Ever so little did you say, gos-
sip?' said the other; 'by God, I'll not give in to
anybody, not even to the asses themselves.'
'We'll soon see,' said the second regidor, 'for my
plan is that you should go one side of the fo-
rest, and I the other, so as to go all round about
it; and every now and then you will bray and I
will bray; and it cannot be but that the ass will
hear us, and answer us if he is in the forest.' To
which the owner of the ass replied, 'It's an exce-
llent plan, I declare, gossip, and worthy of your
great genius;' and the two separating as agreed,
it so fell out that they brayed almost at the sa-
me moment, and each, deceived by the braying
of the other, ran to look, fancying the ass had
turned up at last. When they came in sight of
one another, said the loser, 'Is it possible, gos-
sip, that it was not my ass that brayed?' 'No, it
was I,' said the other. 'Well then, I can tell you,
gossip,' said the ass's owner, 'that between you
and an ass there is not an atom of difference as
far as braying goes, for I never in all my life
saw or heard anything more natural.' 'Those
praises and compliments belong to you more
justly than to me, gossip,' said the inventor of
the plan; 'for, by the God that made me, you
might give a couple of brays odds to the best
and most finished brayer in the world; the tone
you have got is deep, your voice is well kept up
as to time and pitch, and your finishing notes
come thick and fast; in fact, I own myself bea-
ten, and yield the palm to you, and give in to
you in this rare accomplishment.' 'Well then,'
said the owner, 'I'll set a higher value on myself
for the future, and consider that I know somet-
hing, as I have an excellence of some sort; for
though I always thought I brayed well, I never
supposed I came up to the pitch of perfection
you say.' 'And I say too,' said the second, 'that
there are rare gifts going to loss in the world,
and that they are ill bestowed upon those who
don't know how to make use of them.' 'Ours,'
said the owner of the ass, 'unless it is in cases
like this we have now in hand, cannot be of any
service to us, and even in this God grant they
may be of some use.' So saying they separated,
and took to their braying once more, but every
instant they were deceiving one another, and
coming to meet one another again, until they
arranged by way of countersign, so as to know
that it was they and not the ass, to give two
brays, one after the other. In this way, doubling
the brays at every step, they made the complete
circuit of the forest, but the lost ass never gave
them an answer or even the sign of one. How
could the poor ill-starred brute have answered,
when, in the thickest part of the forest, they
found him devoured by wolves? As soon as he
saw him his owner said, 'I was wondering he
did not answer, for if he wasn't dead he'd have
brayed when he heard us, or he'd have been no
ass; but for the sake of having heard you bray
to such perfection, gossip, I count the trouble I
have taken to look for him well bestowed, even
though I have found him dead.' 'It's in a good
hand, gossip,' said the other; 'if the abbot sings
well, the acolyte is not much behind him.' So
they returned disconsolate and hoarse to their
village, where they told their friends, neigh-
bours, and acquaintances what had befallen
them in their search for the ass, each crying up
the other's perfection in braying. The whole
story came to be known and spread abroad
through the villages of the neighbourhood; and
the devil, who never sleeps, with his love for
sowing dissensions and scattering discord eve-
rywhere, blowing mischief about and making
quarrels out of nothing, contrived to make the
people of the other towns fall to braying whe-
never they saw anyone from our village, as if to
throw the braying of our regidors in our teeth.
Then the boys took to it, which was the same
thing for it as getting into the hands and
mouths of all the devils of hell; and braying
spread from one town to another in such a way
that the men of the braying town are as easy to
be known as blacks are to be known from whi-
tes, and the unlucky joke has gone so far that
several times the scoffed have come out in arms
and in a body to do battle with the scoffers, and
neither king nor rook, fear nor shame, can
mend matters. To-morrow or the day after, I
believe, the men of my town, that is, of the bra-
ying town, are going to take the field against
another village two leagues away from ours,
one of those that persecute us most; and that
we may turn out well prepared I have bought
these lances and halberds you have seen. These
are the curious things I told you I had to tell,
and if you don't think them so, I have got no
others;" and with this the worthy fellow
brought his story to a close.
Just at this moment there came in at the gate
of the inn a man entirely clad in chamois leat-
her, hose, breeches, and doublet, who said in a
loud voice, "Senor host, have you room? Here's
the divining ape and the show of the Release of
Melisendra just coming."
"Ods body!" said the landlord, "why, it's
Master Pedro! We're in for a grand night!" I
forgot to mention that the said Master Pedro
had his left eye and nearly half his cheek cove-
red with a patch of green taffety, showing that
something ailed all that side. "Your worship is
welcome, Master Pedro," continued the land-
lord; "but where are the ape and the show, for I
don't see them?" "They are close at hand," said
he in the chamois leather, "but I came on first to
know if there was any room." "I'd make the
Duke of Alva himself clear out to make room
for Master Pedro," said the landlord; "bring in
the ape and the show; there's company in the
inn to-night that will pay to see that and the
cleverness of the ape." "So be it by all means,"
said the man with the patch; "I'll lower the pri-
ce, and be well satisfied if I only pay my expen-
ses; and now I'll go back and hurry on the cart
with the ape and the show;" and with this he
went out of the inn.
Don Quixote at once asked the landlord
what this Master Pedro was, and what was the
show and what was the ape he had with him;
which the landlord replied, "This is a famous
puppet-showman, who for some time past has
been going about this Mancha de Aragon, ex-
hibiting a show of the release of Melisendra by
the famous Don Gaiferos, one of the best and
best-represented stories that have been seen in
this part of the kingdom for many a year; he
has also with him an ape with the most extra-
ordinary gift ever seen in an ape or imagined in
a human being; for if you ask him anything, he
listens attentively to the question, and then
jumps on his master's shoulder, and pressing
close to his ear tells him the answer which Mas-
ter Pedro then delivers. He says a great deal
more about things past than about things to
come; and though he does not always hit the
truth in every case, most times he is not far
wrong, so that he makes us fancy he has got the
devil in him. He gets two reals for every ques-
tion if the ape answers; I mean if his master
answers for him after he has whispered into his
ear; and so it is believed that this same Master
Pedro is very rich. He is a 'gallant man' as they
say in Italy, and good company, and leads the
finest life in the world; talks more than six,
drinks more than a dozen, and all by his ton-
gue, and his ape, and his show."
Master Pedro now came back, and in a cart
followed the show and the ape—a big one, wit-
hout a tail and with buttocks as bare as felt, but
not vicious-looking. As soon as Don Quixote
saw him, he asked him, "Can you tell me, sir
fortune-teller, what fish do we catch, and how
will it be with us? See, here are my two reals,"
and he bade Sancho give them to Master Pedro;
but he answered for the ape and said, "Senor,
this animal does not give any answer or infor-
mation touching things that are to come; of
things past he knows something, and more or
less of things present."
"Gad," said Sancho, "I would not give a fart-
hing to be told what's past with me, for who
knows that better than I do myself? And to pay
for being told what I know would be mighty
foolish. But as you know things present, here
are my two reals, and tell me, most excellent sir
ape, what is my wife Teresa Panza doing now,
and what is she diverting herself with?"
Master Pedro refused to take the money, sa-
ying, "I will not receive payment in advance or
until the service has been first rendered;" and
then with his right hand he gave a couple of
slaps on his left shoulder, and with one spring
the ape perched himself upon it, and putting
his mouth to his master's ear began chattering
his teeth rapidly; and having kept this up as
long as one would be saying a credo, with
another spring he brought himself to the
ground, and the same instant Master Pedro ran
in great haste and fell upon his knees before
Don Quixote, and embracing his legs exclai-
med, "These legs do I embrace as I would em-
brace the two pillars of Hercules, O illustrious
reviver of knight-errantry, so long consigned to
oblivion! O never yet duly extolled knight, Don
Quixote of La Mancha, courage of the faint-
hearted, prop of the tottering, arm of the fallen,
staff and counsel of all who are unfortunate!"
Don Quixote was thunderstruck, Sancho as-
tounded, the cousin staggered, the page asto-
nished, the man from the braying town agape,
the landlord in perplexity, and, in short, ever-
yone amazed at the words of the puppet-
showman, who went on to say, "And thou,
worthy Sancho Panza, the best squire and squi-
re to the best knight in the world! Be of good
cheer, for thy good wife Teresa is well, and she
is at this moment hackling a pound of flax; and
more by token she has at her left hand a jug
with a broken spout that holds a good drop of
wine, with which she solaces herself at her
work."
"That I can well believe," said Sancho. "She is
a lucky one, and if it was not for her jealousy I
would not change her for the giantess Andan-
dona, who by my master's account was a very
clever and worthy woman; my Teresa is one of
those that won't let themselves want for anyt-
hing, though their heirs may have to pay for it."
"Now I declare," said Don Quixote, "he who
reads much and travels much sees and knows a
great deal. I say so because what amount of
persuasion could have persuaded me that there
are apes in the world that can divine as I have
seen now with my own eyes? For I am that ve-
ry Don Quixote of La Mancha this worthy ani-
mal refers to, though he has gone rather too far
in my praise; but whatever I may be, I thank
heaven that it has endowed me with a tender
and compassionate heart, always disposed to
do good to all and harm to none."
"If I had money," said the page, "I would ask
senor ape what will happen me in the peregri-
nation I am making."
To this Master Pedro, who had by this time
risen from Don Quixote's feet, replied, "I have
already said that this little beast gives no ans-
wer as to the future; but if he did, not having
money would be of no consequence, for to
oblige Senor Don Quixote, here present, I
would give up all the profits in the world. And
now, because I have promised it, and to afford
him pleasure, I will set up my show and offer
entertainment to all who are in the inn, without
any charge whatever." As soon as he heard this,
the landlord, delighted beyond measure, poin-
ted out a place where the show might be fixed,
which was done at once.
Don Quixote was not very well satisfied
with the divinations of the ape, as he did not
think it proper that an ape should divine anyt-
hing, either past or future; so while Master Pe-
dro was arranging the show, he retired with
Sancho into a corner of the stable, where, wit-
hout being overheard by anyone, he said to
him, "Look here, Sancho, I have been seriously
thinking over this ape's extraordinary gift, and
have come to the conclusion that beyond doubt
this Master Pedro, his master, has a pact, tacit
or express, with the devil."
"If the packet is express from the devil," said
Sancho, "it must be a very dirty packet no
doubt; but what good can it do Master Pedro to
have such packets?"
"Thou dost not understand me, Sancho,"
said Don Quixote; "I only mean he must have
made some compact with the devil to infuse
this power into the ape, that he may get his
living, and after he has grown rich he will give
him his soul, which is what the enemy of man-
kind wants; this I am led to believe by obser-
ving that the ape only answers about things
past or present, and the devil's knowledge ex-
tends no further; for the future he knows only
by guesswork, and that not always; for it is
reserved for God alone to know the times and
the seasons, and for him there is neither past
nor future; all is present. This being as it is, it is
clear that this ape speaks by the spirit of the
devil; and I am astonished they have not de-
nounced him to the Holy Office, and put him to
the question, and forced it out of him by whose
virtue it is that he divines; because it is certain
this ape is not an astrologer; neither his master
nor he sets up, or knows how to set up, those
figures they call judiciary, which are now so
common in Spain that there is not a jade, or
page, or old cobbler, that will not undertake to
set up a figure as readily as pick up a knave of
cards from the ground, bringing to nought the
marvellous truth of the science by their lies and
ignorance. I know of a lady who asked one of
these figure schemers whether her little lap-dog
would be in pup and would breed, and how
many and of what colour the little pups would
be. To which senor astrologer, after having set
up his figure, made answer that the bitch
would be in pup, and would drop three pups,
one green, another bright red, and the third
parti-coloured, provided she conceived betwe-
en eleven and twelve either of the day or night,
and on a Monday or Saturday; but as things
turned out, two days after this the bitch died of
a surfeit, and senor planet-ruler had the credit
all over the place of being a most profound
astrologer, as most of these planet-rulers have."
"Still," said Sancho, "I would be glad if your
worship would make Master Pedro ask his ape
whether what happened your worship in the
cave of Montesinos is true; for, begging your
worship's pardon, I, for my part, take it to have
been all flam and lies, or at any rate something
you dreamt."
"That may be," replied Don Quixote; "howe-
ver, I will do what you suggest; though I have
my own scruples about it."
At this point Master Pedro came up in quest
of Don Quixote, to tell him the show was now
ready and to come and see it, for it was worth
seeing. Don Quixote explained his wish, and
begged him to ask his ape at once to tell him
whether certain things which had happened to
him in the cave of Montesinos were dreams or
realities, for to him they appeared to partake of
both. Upon this Master Pedro, without answe-
ring, went back to fetch the ape, and, having
placed it in front of Don Quixote and Sancho,
said: "See here, senor ape, this gentleman wis-
hes to know whether certain things which hap-
pened to him in the cave called the cave of
Montesinos were false or true." On his making
the usual sign the ape mounted on his left
shoulder and seemed to whisper in his ear, and
Master Pedro said at once, "The ape says that
the things you saw or that happened to you in
that cave are, part of them false, part true; and
that he only knows this and no more as regards
this question; but if your worship wishes to
know more, on Friday next he will answer all
that may be asked him, for his virtue is at pre-
sent exhausted, and will not return to him till
Friday, as he has said."
"Did I not say, senor," said Sancho, "that I
could not bring myself to believe that all your
worship said about the adventures in the cave
was true, or even the half of it?"
"The course of events will tell, Sancho," re-
plied Don Quixote; "time, that discloses all
things, leaves nothing that it does not drag into
the light of day, though it be buried in the bo-
som of the earth. But enough of that for the
present; let us go and see Master Pedro's show,
for I am sure there must be something novel in
it."
 "Something!" said Master Pedro; "this show
of mine has sixty thousand novel things in it;
let me tell you, Senor Don Quixote, it is one of
the best-worth-seeing things in the world this
day; but operibus credite et non verbis, and
now let's get to work, for it is growing late, and
we have a great deal to do and to say and
show."
Don Quixote and Sancho obeyed him and
went to where the show was already put up
and uncovered, set all around with lighted wax
tapers which made it look splendid and bright.
When they came to it Master Pedro ensconced
himself inside it, for it was he who had to work
the puppets, and a boy, a servant of his, posted
himself outside to act as showman and explain
the mysteries of the exhibition, having a wand
in his hand to point to the figures as they came
out. And so, all who were in the inn being
arranged in front of the show, some of them
standing, and Don Quixote, Sancho, the page,
and cousin, accommodated with the best pla-
ces, the interpreter began to say what he will
hear or see who reads or hears the next chapter.

CHAPTER XXVI.

WHEREIN IS CONTINUED THE

DROLL ADVENTURE OF THE PUP-
PET-SHOWMAN, TOGETHER WITH
OTHER THINGS IN TRUTH RIGHT
GOOD

All were silent, Tyrians and Trojans; I mean

all who were watching the show were hanging
on the lips of the interpreter of its wonders,
when drums and trumpets were heard to
sound inside it and cannon to go off. The noise
was soon over, and then the boy lifted up his
voice and said, "This true story which is here
represented to your worships is taken word for
word from the French chronicles and from the
Spanish ballads that are in everybody's mouth,
and in the mouth of the boys about the streets.
Its subject is the release by Senor Don Gaiferos
of his wife Melisendra, when a captive in Spain
at the hands of the Moors in the city of Sansue-
na, for so they called then what is now called
Saragossa; and there you may see how Don
Gaiferos is playing at the tables, just as they
sing it—
At tables playing Don Gaiferos sits,
For Melisendra is forgotten now.
And that personage who appears there with
a crown on his head and a sceptre in his hand is
the Emperor Charlemagne, the supposed father
of Melisendra, who, angered to see his son-in-
law's inaction and unconcern, comes in to chide
him; and observe with what vehemence and
energy he chides him, so that you would fancy
he was going to give him half a dozen raps
with his sceptre; and indeed there are authors
who say he did give them, and sound ones too;
and after having said a great deal to him about
imperilling his honour by not effecting the re-
lease of his wife, he said, so the tale runs,
Enough I've said, see to it now.
Observe, too, how the emperor turns away,
and leaves Don Gaiferos fuming; and you see
now how in a burst of anger, he flings the table
and the board far from him and calls in haste
for his armour, and asks his cousin Don Roland
for the loan of his sword, Durindana, and how
Don Roland refuses to lend it, offering him his
company in the difficult enterprise he is under-
taking; but he, in his valour and anger, will not
accept it, and says that he alone will suffice to
rescue his wife, even though she were impriso-
ned deep in the centre of the earth, and with
this he retires to arm himself and set out on his
journey at once. Now let your worships turn
your eyes to that tower that appears there,
which is supposed to be one of the towers of
the alcazar of Saragossa, now called the Aljafe-
ria; that lady who appears on that balcony
dressed in Moorish fashion is the peerless Meli-
sendra, for many a time she used to gaze from
thence upon the road to France, and seek con-
solation in her captivity by thinking of Paris
and her husband. Observe, too, a new incident
which now occurs, such as, perhaps, never was
seen. Do you not see that Moor, who silently
and stealthily, with his finger on his lip, ap-
proaches Melisendra from behind? Observe
now how he prints a kiss upon her lips, and
what a hurry she is in to spit, and wipe them
with the white sleeve of her smock, and how
she bewails herself, and tears her fair hair as
though it were to blame for the wrong. Obser-
ve, too, that the stately Moor who is in that co-
rridor is King Marsilio of Sansuena, who,
having seen the Moor's insolence, at once or-
ders him (though his kinsman and a great fa-
vourite of his) to be seized and given two hun-
dred lashes, while carried through the streets of
the city according to custom, with criers going
before him and officers of justice behind; and
here you see them come out to execute the sen-
tence, although the offence has been scarcely
committed; for among the Moors there are no
indictments nor remands as with us."
Here Don Quixote called out, "Child, child,
go straight on with your story, and don't run
into curves and slants, for to establish a fact
clearly there is need of a great deal of proof and
confirmation;" and said Master Pedro from
within, "Boy, stick to your text and do as the
gentleman bids you; it's the best plan; keep to
your plain song, and don't attempt harmonies,
for they are apt to break down from being over
fine."
"I will," said the boy, and he went on to say,
"This figure that you see here on horseback,
covered with a Gascon cloak, is Don Gaiferos
himself, whom his wife, now avenged of the
insult of the amorous Moor, and taking her
stand on the balcony of the tower with a calmer
and more tranquil countenance, has perceived
without recognising him; and she addresses her
husband, supposing him to be some traveller,
and holds with him all that conversation and
colloquy in the ballad that runs—
If you, sir knight, to France are bound,
Oh! for Gaiferos ask—
which I do not repeat here because prolixity
begets disgust; suffice it to observe how Don
Gaiferos discovers himself, and that by her joy-
ful gestures Melisendra shows us she has re-
cognised him; and what is more, we now see
she lowers herself from the balcony to place
herself on the haunches of her good husband's
horse. But ah! unhappy lady, the edge of her
petticoat has caught on one of the bars of the
balcony and she is left hanging in the air, una-
ble to reach the ground. But you see how com-
passionate heaven sends aid in our sorest need;
Don Gaiferos advances, and without minding
whether the rich petticoat is torn or not, he sei-
zes her and by force brings her to the ground,
and then with one jerk places her on the haun-
ches of his horse, astraddle like a man, and bids
her hold on tight and clasp her arms round his
neck, crossing them on his breast so as not to
fall, for the lady Melisendra was not used to
that style of riding. You see, too, how the neig-
hing of the horse shows his satisfaction with
the gallant and beautiful burden he bears in his
lord and lady. You see how they wheel round
and quit the city, and in joy and gladness take
the road to Paris. Go in peace, O peerless pair
of true lovers! May you reach your longed-for
fatherland in safety, and may fortune interpose
no impediment to your prosperous journey;
may the eyes of your friends and kinsmen be-
hold you enjoying in peace and tranquillity the
remaining days of your life—and that they may
be as many as those of Nestor!"
Here Master Pedro called out again and
said, "Simplicity, boy! None of your high
flights; all affectation is bad."
 The interpreter made no answer, but went
on to say, "There was no want of idle eyes, that
see everything, to see Melisendra come down
and mount, and word was brought to King
Marsilio, who at once gave orders to sound the
alarm; and see what a stir there is, and how the
city is drowned with the sound of the bells pea-
ling in the towers of all the mosques."
"Nay, nay," said Don Quixote at this; "on
that point of the bells Master Pedro is very
inaccurate, for bells are not in use among the
Moors; only kettledrums, and a kind of small
trumpet somewhat like our clarion; to ring bells
this way in Sansuena is unquestionably a great
absurdity."
On hearing this, Master Pedro stopped rin-
ging, and said, "Don't look into trifles, Senor
Don Quixote, or want to have things up to a
pitch of perfection that is out of reach. Are the-
re not almost every day a thousand comedies
represented all round us full of thousands of
inaccuracies and absurdities, and, for all that,
they have a successful run, and are listened to
not only with applause, but with admiration
and all the rest of it? Go on, boy, and don't
mind; for so long as I fill my pouch, no matter if
I show as many inaccuracies as there are motes
in a sunbeam."
"True enough," said Don Quixote; and the
boy went on: "See what a numerous and glitte-
ring crowd of horsemen issues from the city in
pursuit of the two faithful lovers, what a blo-
wing of trumpets there is, what sounding of
horns, what beating of drums and tabors; I fear
me they will overtake them and bring them
back tied to the tail of their own horse, which
would be a dreadful sight."
Don Quixote, however, seeing such a swarm
of Moors and hearing such a din, thought it
would be right to aid the fugitives, and stan-
ding up he exclaimed in a loud voice, "Never,
while I live, will I permit foul play to be practi-
sed in my presence on such a famous knight
and fearless lover as Don Gaiferos. Halt! ill-
born rabble, follow him not nor pursue him, or
ye will have to reckon with me in battle!" and
suiting the action to the word, he drew his
sword, and with one bound placed himself clo-
se to the show, and with unexampled rapidity
and fury began to shower down blows on the
puppet troop of Moors, knocking over some,
decapitating others, maiming this one and de-
molishing that; and among many more he deli-
vered one down stroke which, if Master Pedro
had not ducked, made himself small, and got
out of the way, would have sliced off his head
as easily as if it had been made of almond-
paste. Master Pedro kept shouting, "Hold hard!
Senor Don Quixote! can't you see they're not
real Moors you're knocking down and killing
and destroying, but only little pasteboard figu-
res! Look—sinner that I am!—how you're
wrecking and ruining all that I'm worth!" But in
spite of this, Don Quixote did not leave off dis-
charging a continuous rain of cuts, slashes,
downstrokes, and backstrokes, and at length, in
less than the space of two credos, he brought
the whole show to the ground, with all its fit-
tings and figures shivered and knocked to pie-
ces, King Marsilio badly wounded, and the
Emperor Charlemagne with his crown and
head split in two. The whole audience was
thrown into confusion, the ape fled to the roof
of the inn, the cousin was frightened, and even
Sancho Panza himself was in mighty fear, for,
as he swore after the storm was over, he had
never seen his master in such a furious passion.
The complete destruction of the show being
thus accomplished, Don Quixote became a little
calmer, said, "I wish I had here before me now
all those who do not or will not believe how
useful knights-errant are in the world; just
think, if I had not been here present, what
would have become of the brave Don Gaiferos
and the fair Melisendra! Depend upon it, by
this time those dogs would have overtaken
them and inflicted some outrage upon them.
So, then, long live knight-errantry beyond eve-
rything living on earth this day!"
"Let it live, and welcome," said Master Pedro
at this in a feeble voice, "and let me die, for I am
so unfortunate that I can say with King Don
Rodrigo—
Yesterday was I lord of Spain
To-day I've not a turret left
That I may call mine own.
Not half an hour, nay, barely a minute ago, I
saw myself lord of kings and emperors, with
my stables filled with countless horses, and my
trunks and bags with gay dresses unnumbered;
and now I find myself ruined and laid low,
destitute and a beggar, and above all without
my ape, for, by my faith, my teeth will have to
sweat for it before I have him caught; and all
through the reckless fury of sir knight here,
who, they say, protects the fatherless, and
rights wrongs, and does other charitable deeds;
but whose generous intentions have been
found wanting in my case only, blessed and
praised be the highest heavens! Verily, knight
of the rueful figure he must be to have disfigu-
red mine."
Sancho Panza was touched by Master Pe-
dro's words, and said to him, "Don't weep and
lament, Master Pedro; you break my heart; let
me tell you my master, Don Quixote, is so cat-
holic and scrupulous a Christian that, if he can
make out that he has done you any wrong, he
will own it, and be willing to pay for it and
make it good, and something over and above."
"Only let Senor Don Quixote pay me for so-
me part of the work he has destroyed," said
Master Pedro, "and I would be content, and his
worship would ease his conscience, for he can-
not be saved who keeps what is another's
against the owner's will, and makes no restitu-
tion."
"That is true," said Don Quixote; "but at pre-
sent I am not aware that I have got anything of
yours, Master Pedro."
 "What!" returned Master Pedro; "and these
relics lying here on the bare hard ground—
what scattered and shattered them but the in-
vincible strength of that mighty arm? And
whose were the bodies they belonged to but
mine? And what did I get my living by but by
them?"
"Now am I fully convinced," said Don
Quixote, "of what I had many a time before
believed; that the enchanters who persecute me
do nothing more than put figures like these
before my eyes, and then change and turn them
into what they please. In truth and earnest, I
assure you gentlemen who now hear me, that
to me everything that has taken place here
seemed to take place literally, that Melisendra
was Melisendra, Don Gaiferos Don Gaiferos,
Marsilio Marsilio, and Charlemagne Charle-
magne. That was why my anger was roused;
and to be faithful to my calling as a knight-
errant I sought to give aid and protection to
those who fled, and with this good intention I
did what you have seen. If the result has been
the opposite of what I intended, it is no fault of
mine, but of those wicked beings that persecute
me; but, for all that, I am willing to condemn
myself in costs for this error of mine, though it
did not proceed from malice; let Master Pedro
see what he wants for the spoiled figures, for I
agree to pay it at once in good and current mo-
ney of Castile."
Master Pedro made him a bow, saying, "I
expected no less of the rare Christianity of the
valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, true helper
and protector of all destitute and needy vaga-
bonds; master landlord here and the great San-
cho Panza shall be the arbitrators and apprai-
sers between your worship and me of what
these dilapidated figures are worth or may be
worth."
The landlord and Sancho consented, and
then Master Pedro picked up from the ground
King Marsilio of Saragossa with his head off,
and said, "Here you see how impossible it is to
restore this king to his former state, so I think,
saving your better judgments, that for his de-
ath, decease, and demise, four reals and a half
may be given me."
"Proceed," said Don Quixote.
"Well then, for this cleavage from top to bot-
tom," continued Master
Pedro, taking up the split Emperor Charlemag-
ne, "it would not be much if
I were to ask five reals and a quarter."
"It's not little," said Sancho.
"Nor is it much," said the landlord; "make it
even, and say five reals."
"Let him have the whole five and a quarter,"
said Don Quixote; "for the sum total of this no-
table disaster does not stand on a quarter more
or less; and make an end of it quickly, Master
Pedro, for it's getting on to supper-time, and I
have some hints of hunger."
"For this figure," said Master Pedro, "that is
without a nose, and wants an eye, and is the
fair Melisendra, I ask, and I am reasonable in
my charge, two reals and twelve maravedis."
"The very devil must be in it," said Don
Quixote, "if Melisendra and her husband are
not by this time at least on the French border,
for the horse they rode on seemed to me to fly
rather than gallop; so you needn't try to sell me
the cat for the hare, showing me here a noseless
Melisendra when she is now, may be, enjoying
herself at her ease with her husband in France.
God help every one to his own, Master Pedro,
and let us all proceed fairly and honestly; and
now go on."
Master Pedro, perceiving that Don Quixote
was beginning to wander, and return to his
original fancy, was not disposed to let him es-
cape, so he said to him, "This cannot be Meli-
sendra, but must be one of the damsels that
waited on her; so if I'm given sixty maravedis
for her, I'll be content and sufficiently paid."
And so he went on, putting values on ever
so many more smashed figures, which, after the
two arbitrators had adjusted them to the satis-
faction of both parties, came to forty reals and
three-quarters; and over and above this sum,
which Sancho at once disbursed, Master Pedro
asked for two reals for his trouble in catching
the ape.
"Let him have them, Sancho," said Don
Quixote; "not to catch the ape, but to get drunk;
and two hundred would I give this minute for
the good news, to anyone who could tell me
positively, that the lady Dona Melisandra and
Senor Don Gaiferos were now in France and
with their own people."
"No one could tell us that better than my
ape," said Master Pedro; "but there's no devil
that could catch him now; I suspect, however,
that affection and hunger will drive him to co-
me looking for me to-night; but to-morrow will
soon be here and we shall see."
In short, the puppet-show storm passed off,
and all supped in peace and good fellowship at
Don Quixote's expense, for he was the height of
generosity. Before it was daylight the man with
the lances and halberds took his departure, and
soon after daybreak the cousin and the page
came to bid Don Quixote farewell, the former
returning home, the latter resuming his jour-
ney, towards which, to help him, Don Quixote
gave him twelve reals. Master Pedro did not
care to engage in any more palaver with Don
Quixote, whom he knew right well; so he rose
before the sun, and having got together the
remains of his show and caught his ape, he too
went off to seek his adventures. The landlord,
who did not know Don Quixote, was as much
astonished at his mad freaks as at his generosi-
ty. To conclude, Sancho, by his master's orders,
paid him very liberally, and taking leave of him
they quitted the inn at about eight in the mor-
ning and took to the road, where we will leave
them to pursue their journey, for this is neces-
sary in order to allow certain other matters to
be set forth, which are required to clear up this
famous history.
 CHAPTER XXVII.

WHEREIN IT IS SHOWN WHO

MASTER PEDRO AND HIS APE WE-
RE, TOGETHER WITH THE MISHAP
DON QUIXOTE HAD IN THE BRA-
YING ADVENTURE, WHICH HE DID
NOT CONCLUDE AS HE WOULD
HAVE LIKED OR AS HE HAD EXPEC-
TED

Cide Hamete, the chronicler of this great his-

tory, begins this chapter with these words, "I
swear as a Catholic Christian;" with regard to
which his translator says that Cide Hamete's
swearing as a Catholic Christian, he being—as
no doubt he was—a Moor, only meant that, just
as a Catholic Christian taking an oath swears,
or ought to swear, what is true, and tell the
truth in what he avers, so he was telling the
truth, as much as if he swore as a Catholic
Christian, in all he chose to write about Quixo-
te, especially in declaring who Master Pedro
was and what was the divining ape that asto-
nished all the villages with his divinations. He
says, then, that he who has read the First Part
of this history will remember well enough the
Gines de Pasamonte whom, with other galley
slaves, Don Quixote set free in the Sierra More-
na: a kindness for which he afterwards got poor
thanks and worse payment from that evil-
minded, ill-conditioned set. This Gines de Pa-
samonte—Don Ginesillo de Parapilla, Don
Quixote called him—it was that stole Dapple
from Sancho Panza; which, because by the fault
of the printers neither the how nor the when
was stated in the First Part, has been a puzzle
to a good many people, who attribute to the
bad memory of the author what was the error
of the press. In fact, however, Gines stole him
while Sancho Panza was asleep on his back,
adopting the plan and device that Brunello had
recourse to when he stole Sacripante's horse
from between his legs at the siege of Albracca;
and, as has been told, Sancho afterwards reco-
vered him. This Gines, then, afraid of being
caught by the officers of justice, who were loo-
king for him to punish him for his numberless
rascalities and offences (which were so many
and so great that he himself wrote a big book
giving an account of them), resolved to shift his
quarters into the kingdom of Aragon, and co-
ver up his left eye, and take up the trade of a
puppet-showman; for this, as well as juggling,
he knew how to practise to perfection. From
some released Christians returning from Barba-
ry, it so happened, he bought the ape, which he
taught to mount upon his shoulder on his ma-
king a certain sign, and to whisper, or seem to
do so, in his ear. Thus prepared, before entering
any village whither he was bound with his
show and his ape, he used to inform himself at
the nearest village, or from the most likely per-
son he could find, as to what particular things
had happened there, and to whom; and bearing
them well in mind, the first thing he did was to
exhibit his show, sometimes one story, someti-
mes another, but all lively, amusing, and fami-
liar. As soon as the exhibition was over he
brought forward the accomplishments of his
ape, assuring the public that he divined all the
past and the present, but as to the future he had
no skill. For each question answered he asked
two reals, and for some he made a reduction,
just as he happened to feel the pulse of the
questioners; and when now and then he came
to houses where things that he knew of had
happened to the people living there, even if
they did not ask him a question, not caring to
pay for it, he would make the sign to the ape
and then declare that it had said so and so,
which fitted the case exactly. In this way he
acquired a prodigious name and all ran after
him; on other occasions, being very crafty, he
would answer in such a way that the answers
suited the questions; and as no one cross-
questioned him or pressed him to tell how his
ape divined, he made fools of them all and fi-
lled his pouch. The instant he entered the inn
he knew Don Quixote and Sancho, and with
that knowledge it was easy for him to astonish
them and all who were there; but it would have
cost him dear had Don Quixote brought down
his hand a little lower when he cut off King
Marsilio's head and destroyed all his horsemen,
as related in the preceeding chapter.
So much for Master Pedro and his ape; and
now to return to Don Quixote of La Mancha.
After he had left the inn he determined to visit,
first of all, the banks of the Ebro and that
neighbourhood, before entering the city of Sa-
ragossa, for the ample time there was still to
spare before the jousts left him enough for all.
With this object in view he followed the road
and travelled along it for two days, without
meeting any adventure worth committing to
writing until on the third day, as he was ascen-
ding a hill, he heard a great noise of drums,
trumpets, and musket-shots. At first he imagi-
ned some regiment of soldiers was passing that
way, and to see them he spurred Rocinante and
mounted the hill. On reaching the top he saw at
the foot of it over two hundred men, as it see-
med to him, armed with weapons of various
sorts, lances, crossbows, partisans, halberds,
and pikes, and a few muskets and a great many
bucklers. He descended the slope and approa-
ched the band near enough to see distinctly the
flags, make out the colours and distinguish the
devices they bore, especially one on a standard
or ensign of white satin, on which there was
painted in a very life-like style an ass like a lit-
tle sard, with its head up, its mouth open and
its tongue out, as if it were in the act and attitu-
de of braying; and round it were inscribed in
large characters these two lines—
They did not bray in vain,
Our alcaldes twain.
 From this device Don Quixote concluded
that these people must be from the braying
town, and he said so to Sancho, explaining to
him what was written on the standard. At the
same time he observed that the man who had
told them about the matter was wrong in sa-
ying that the two who brayed were regidors,
for according to the lines of the standard they
were alcaldes. To which Sancho replied, "Senor,
there's nothing to stick at in that, for maybe the
regidors who brayed then came to be alcaldes
of their town afterwards, and so they may go
by both titles; moreover, it has nothing to do
with the truth of the story whether the brayers
were alcaldes or regidors, provided at any rate
they did bray; for an alcalde is just as likely to
bray as a regidor." They perceived, in short,
clearly that the town which had been twitted
had turned out to do battle with some other
that had jeered it more than was fair or neigh-
bourly.
 Don Quixote proceeded to join them, not a
little to Sancho's uneasiness, for he never relis-
hed mixing himself up in expeditions of that
sort. The members of the troop received him
into the midst of them, taking him to be some
one who was on their side. Don Quixote, put-
ting up his visor, advanced with an easy bea-
ring and demeanour to the standard with the
ass, and all the chief men of the army gathered
round him to look at him, staring at him with
the usual amazement that everybody felt on
seeing him for the first time. Don Quixote, se-
eing them examining him so attentively, and
that none of them spoke to him or put any
question to him, determined to take advantage
of their silence; so, breaking his own, he lifted
up his voice and said, "Worthy sirs, I entreat
you as earnestly as I can not to interrupt an
argument I wish to address to you, until you
find it displeases or wearies you; and if that
come to pass, on the slightest hint you give me
I will put a seal upon my lips and a gag upon
my tongue."
They all bade him say what he liked, for
they would listen to him willingly.
With this permission Don Quixote went on
to say, "I, sirs, am a knight-errant whose calling
is that of arms, and whose profession is to pro-
tect those who require protection, and give help
to such as stand in need of it. Some days ago I
became acquainted with your misfortune and
the cause which impels you to take up arms
again and again to revenge yourselves upon
your enemies; and having many times thought
over your business in my mind, I find that, ac-
cording to the laws of combat, you are mista-
ken in holding yourselves insulted; for a priva-
te individual cannot insult an entire communi-
ty; unless it be by defying it collectively as a
traitor, because he cannot tell who in particular
is guilty of the treason for which he defies it. Of
this we have an example in Don Diego Ordo-
nez de Lara, who defied the whole town of
Zamora, because he did not know that Vellido
Dolfos alone had committed the treachery of
slaying his king; and therefore he defied them
all, and the vengeance and the reply concerned
all; though, to be sure, Senor Don Diego went
rather too far, indeed very much beyond the
limits of a defiance; for he had no occasion to
defy the dead, or the waters, or the fishes, or
those yet unborn, and all the rest of it as set
forth; but let that pass, for when anger breaks
out there's no father, governor, or bridle to
check the tongue. The case being, then, that no
one person can insult a kingdom, province,
city, state, or entire community, it is clear there
is no reason for going out to avenge the defian-
ce of such an insult, inasmuch as it is not one. A
fine thing it would be if the people of the clock
town were to be at loggerheads every moment
with everyone who called them by that na-
me,—or the Cazoleros, Berengeneros, Ballena-
tos, Jaboneros, or the bearers of all the other
names and titles that are always in the mouth
of the boys and common people! It would be a
nice business indeed if all these illustrious cities
were to take huff and revenge themselves and
go about perpetually making trombones of
their swords in every petty quarrel! No, no;
God forbid! There are four things for which
sensible men and well-ordered States ought to
take up arms, draw their swords, and risk their
persons, lives, and properties. The first is to
defend the Catholic faith; the second, to defend
one's life, which is in accordance with natural
and divine law; the third, in defence of one's
honour, family, and property; the fourth, in the
service of one's king in a just war; and if to the-
se we choose to add a fifth (which may be in-
cluded in the second), in defence of one's coun-
try. To these five, as it were capital causes, the-
re may be added some others that may be just
and reasonable, and make it a duty to take up
arms; but to take them up for trifles and things
to laugh at and he amused by rather than of-
fended, looks as though he who did so was
altogether wanting in common sense. Moreo-
ver, to take an unjust revenge (and there cannot
be any just one) is directly opposed to the sa-
cred law that we acknowledge, wherein we are
commanded to do good to our enemies and to
love them that hate us; a command which,
though it seems somewhat difficult to obey, is
only so to those who have in them less of God
than of the world, and more of the flesh than of
the spirit; for Jesus Christ, God and true man,
who never lied, and could not and cannot lie,
said, as our law-giver, that his yoke was easy
and his burden light; he would not, therefore,
have laid any command upon us that it was
impossible to obey. Thus, sirs, you are bound to
keep quiet by human and divine law."
"The devil take me," said Sancho to himself
at this, "but this master of mine is a tologian; or,
if not, faith, he's as like one as one egg is like
another."
Don Quixote stopped to take breath, and,
observing that silence was still preserved, had a
mind to continue his discourse, and would
have done so had not Sancho interposed with
his smartness; for he, seeing his master pause,
took the lead, saying, "My lord Don Quixote of
La Mancha, who once was called the Knight of
the Rueful Countenance, but now is called the
Knight of the Lions, is a gentleman of great
discretion who knows Latin and his mother
tongue like a bachelor, and in everything that
he deals with or advises proceeds like a good
soldier, and has all the laws and ordinances of
what they call combat at his fingers' ends; so
you have nothing to do but to let yourselves be
guided by what he says, and on my head be it if
it is wrong. Besides which, you have been told
that it is folly to take offence at merely hearing
a bray. I remember when I was a boy I brayed
as often as I had a fancy, without anyone hin-
dering me, and so elegantly and naturally that
when I brayed all the asses in the town would
bray; but I was none the less for that the son of
my parents who were greatly respected; and
though I was envied because of the gift by mo-
re than one of the high and mighty ones of the
town, I did not care two farthings for it; and
that you may see I am telling the truth, wait a
bit and listen, for this art, like swimming, once
learnt is never forgotten;" and then, taking hold
of his nose, he began to bray so vigorously that
all the valleys around rang again.
One of those, however, that stood near him,
fancying he was mocking them, lifted up a long
staff he had in his hand and smote him such a
blow with it that Sancho dropped helpless to
the ground. Don Quixote, seeing him so rough-
ly handled, attacked the man who had struck
him lance in hand, but so many thrust themsel-
ves between them that he could not avenge
him. Far from it, finding a shower of stones
rained upon him, and crossbows and muskets
unnumbered levelled at him, he wheeled Roci-
nante round and, as fast as his best gallop
could take him, fled from the midst of them,
commending himself to God with all his heart
to deliver him out of this peril, in dread every
step of some ball coming in at his back and co-
ming out at his breast, and every minute dra-
wing his breath to see whether it had gone
from him. The members of the band, however,
were satisfied with seeing him take to flight,
and did not fire on him. They put up Sancho,
scarcely restored to his senses, on his ass, and
let him go after his master; not that he was suf-
ficiently in his wits to guide the beast, but Dap-
ple followed the footsteps of Rocinante, from
whom he could not remain a moment separa-
ted. Don Quixote having got some way off loo-
ked back, and seeing Sancho coming, waited
for him, as he perceived that no one followed
him. The men of the troop stood their ground
till night, and as the enemy did not come out to
battle, they returned to their town exulting; and
had they been aware of the ancient custom of
the Greeks, they would have erected a trophy
on the spot.
 CHAPTER XXVIII.

OF MATTERS THAT BENENGELI

SAYS HE WHO READS THEM WILL
KNOW, IF HE READS THEM WITH
ATTENTION

When the brave man flees, treachery is ma-

nifest and it is for wise men to reserve themsel-
ves for better occasions. This proved to be the
case with Don Quixote, who, giving way before
the fury of the townsfolk and the hostile inten-
tions of the angry troop, took to flight and, wit-
hout a thought of Sancho or the danger in
which he was leaving him, retreated to such a
distance as he thought made him safe. Sancho,
lying across his ass, followed him, as has been
said, and at length came up, having by this ti-
me recovered his senses, and on joining him let
himself drop off Dapple at Rocinante's feet,
sore, bruised, and belaboured. Don Quixote
dismounted to examine his wounds, but fin-
ding him whole from head to foot, he said to
him, angrily enough, "In an evil hour didst
thou take to braying, Sancho! Where hast thou
learned that it is well done to mention the rope
in the house of the man that has been hanged?
To the music of brays what harmonies couldst
thou expect to get but cudgels? Give thanks to
God, Sancho, that they signed the cross on thee
just now with a stick, and did not mark thee
per signum crucis with a cutlass."
"I'm not equal to answering," said Sancho,
"for I feel as if I was speaking through my
shoulders; let us mount and get away from this;
I'll keep from braying, but not from saying that
knights-errant fly and leave their good squires
to be pounded like privet, or made meal of at
the hands of their enemies."
"He does not fly who retires," returned Don
Quixote; "for I would have thee know, Sancho,
that the valour which is not based upon a
foundation of prudence is called rashness, and
the exploits of the rash man are to be attributed
rather to good fortune than to courage; and so I
own that I retired, but not that I fled; and the-
rein I have followed the example of many va-
liant men who have reserved themselves for
better times; the histories are full of instances of
this, but as it would not be any good to thee or
pleasure to me, I will not recount them to thee
now."
Sancho was by this time mounted with the
help of Don Quixote, who then himself moun-
ted Rocinante, and at a leisurely pace they pro-
ceeded to take shelter in a grove which was in
sight about a quarter of a league off. Every now
and then Sancho gave vent to deep sighs and
dismal groans, and on Don Quixote asking him
what caused such acute suffering, he replied
that, from the end of his back-bone up to the
nape of his neck, he was so sore that it nearly
drove him out of his senses.
 "The cause of that soreness," said Don
Quixote, "will be, no doubt, that the staff whe-
rewith they smote thee being a very long one, it
caught thee all down the back, where all the
parts that are sore are situated, and had it rea-
ched any further thou wouldst be sorer still."
"By God," said Sancho, "your worship has
relieved me of a great doubt, and cleared up
the point for me in elegant style! Body o' me! is
the cause of my soreness such a mystery that
there's any need to tell me I am sore everyw-
here the staff hit me? If it was my ankles that
pained me there might be something in going
divining why they did, but it is not much to
divine that I'm sore where they thrashed me.
By my faith, master mine, the ills of others hang
by a hair; every day I am discovering more and
more how little I have to hope for from keeping
company with your worship; for if this time
you have allowed me to be drubbed, the next
time, or a hundred times more, we'll have the
blanketings of the other day over again, and all
the other pranks which, if they have fallen on
my shoulders now, will be thrown in my teeth
by-and-by. I would do a great deal better (if I
was not an ignorant brute that will never do
any good all my life), I would do a great deal
better, I say, to go home to my wife and chil-
dren and support them and bring them up on
what God may please to give me, instead of
following your worship along roads that lead
nowhere and paths that are none at all, with
little to drink and less to eat. And then when it
comes to sleeping! Measure out seven feet on
the earth, brother squire, and if that's not
enough for you, take as many more, for you
may have it all your own way and stretch your-
self to your heart's content. Oh that I could see
burnt and turned to ashes the first man that
meddled with knight-errantry or at any rate the
first who chose to be squire to such fools as all
the knights-errant of past times must have be-
en! Of those of the present day I say nothing,
because, as your worship is one of them, I res-
pect them, and because I know your worship
knows a point more than the devil in all you
say and think."
"I would lay a good wager with you, San-
cho," said Don Quixote, "that now that you are
talking on without anyone to stop you, you
don't feel a pain in your whole body. Talk
away, my son, say whatever comes into your
head or mouth, for so long as you feel no pain,
the irritation your impertinences give me will
be a pleasure to me; and if you are so anxious
to go home to your wife and children, God for-
bid that I should prevent you; you have money
of mine; see how long it is since we left our
village this third time, and how much you can
and ought to earn every month, and pay your-
self out of your own hand."
"When I worked for Tom Carrasco, the fat-
her of the bachelor Samson Carrasco that your
worship knows," replied Sancho, "I used to
earn two ducats a month besides my food; I
can't tell what I can earn with your worship,
though I know a knight-errant's squire has har-
der times of it than he who works for a farmer;
for after all, we who work for farmers, however
much we toil all day, at the worst, at night, we
have our olla supper and sleep in a bed, which
I have not slept in since I have been in your
worship's service, if it wasn't the short time we
were in Don Diego de Miranda's house, and the
feast I had with the skimmings I took off Ca-
macho's pots, and what I ate, drank, and slept
in Basilio's house; all the rest of the time I have
been sleeping on the hard ground under the
open sky, exposed to what they call the incle-
mencies of heaven, keeping life in me with
scraps of cheese and crusts of bread, and drin-
king water either from the brooks or from the
springs we come to on these by-paths we tra-
vel."
"I own, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that all
thou sayest is true; how much, thinkest thou,
ought I to give thee over and above what Tom
Carrasco gave thee?"
 "I think," said Sancho, "that if your worship
was to add on two reals a month I'd consider
myself well paid; that is, as far as the wages of
my labour go; but to make up to me for your
worship's pledge and promise to me to give me
the government of an island, it would be fair to
add six reals more, making thirty in all."
"Very good," said Don Quixote; "it is twenty-
five days since we left our village, so reckon up,
Sancho, according to the wages you have made
out for yourself, and see how much I owe you
in proportion, and pay yourself, as I said befo-
re, out of your own hand."
"O body o' me!" said Sancho, "but your
worship is very much out in that reckoning; for
when it comes to the promise of the island we
must count from the day your worship promi-
sed it to me to this present hour we are at now."
"Well, how long is it, Sancho, since I promi-
sed it to you?" said Don
Quixote.
 "If I remember rightly," said Sancho, "it must
be over twenty years, three days more or less."
Don Quixote gave himself a great slap on
the forehead and began to laugh heartily, and
said he, "Why, I have not been wandering, eit-
her in the Sierra Morena or in the whole course
of our sallies, but barely two months, and thou
sayest, Sancho, that it is twenty years since I
promised thee the island. I believe now thou
wouldst have all the money thou hast of mine
go in thy wages. If so, and if that be thy pleasu-
re, I give it to thee now, once and for all, and
much good may it do thee, for so long as I see
myself rid of such a good-for-nothing squire I'll
be glad to be left a pauper without a rap. But
tell me, thou perverter of the squirely rules of
knight-errantry, where hast thou ever seen or
read that any knight-errant's squire made terms
with his lord, 'you must give me so much a
month for serving you'? Plunge, scoundrel,
rogue, monster—for such I take thee to be—
plunge, I say, into the mare magnum of their
histories; and if thou shalt find that any squire
ever said or thought what thou hast said now, I
will let thee nail it on my forehead, and give
me, over and above, four sound slaps in the
face. Turn the rein, or the halter, of thy Dapple,
and begone home; for one single step further
thou shalt not make in my company. O bread
thanklessly received! O promises ill-bestowed!
O man more beast than human being! Now,
when I was about to raise thee to such a posi-
tion, that, in spite of thy wife, they would call
thee 'my lord,' thou art leaving me? Thou art
going now when I had a firm and fixed inten-
tion of making thee lord of the best island in
the world? Well, as thou thyself hast said befo-
re now, honey is not for the mouth of the ass.
Ass thou art, ass thou wilt be, and ass thou wilt
end when the course of thy life is run; for I
know it will come to its close before thou dost
perceive or discern that thou art a beast."
Sancho regarded Don Quixote earnestly
while he was giving him this rating, and was so
touched by remorse that the tears came to his
eyes, and in a piteous and broken voice he said
to him, "Master mine, I confess that, to be a
complete ass, all I want is a tail; if your worship
will only fix one on to me, I'll look on it as righ-
tly placed, and I'll serve you as an ass all the
remaining days of my life. Forgive me and have
pity on my folly, and remember I know but
little, and, if I talk much, it's more from infirmi-
ty than malice; but he who sins and mends
commends himself to God."
"I should have been surprised, Sancho," said
Don Quixote, "if thou hadst not introduced
some bit of a proverb into thy speech. Well,
well, I forgive thee, provided thou dost mend
and not show thyself in future so fond of thine
own interest, but try to be of good cheer and
take heart, and encourage thyself to look for-
ward to the fulfillment of my promises, which,
by being delayed, does not become impossible."
Sancho said he would do so, and keep up his
heart as best he could. They then entered the
grove, and Don Quixote settled himself at the
foot of an elm, and Sancho at that of a beech,
for trees of this kind and others like them al-
ways have feet but no hands. Sancho passed
the night in pain, for with the evening dews the
blow of the staff made itself felt all the more.
Don Quixote passed it in his never-failing me-
ditations; but, for all that, they had some winks
of sleep, and with the appearance of daylight
they pursued their journey in quest of the
banks of the famous Ebro, where that befell
them which will be told in the following chap-
ter.

CHAPTER XXIX.

OF THE FAMOUS ADVENTURE OF

THE ENCHANTED BARK
 By stages as already described or left undes-
cribed, two days after quitting the grove Don
Quixote and Sancho reached the river Ebro,
and the sight of it was a great delight to Don
Quixote as he contemplated and gazed upon
the charms of its banks, the clearness of its stre-
am, the gentleness of its current and the abun-
dance of its crystal waters; and the pleasant
view revived a thousand tender thoughts in his
mind. Above all, he dwelt upon what he had
seen in the cave of Montesinos; for though Mas-
ter Pedro's ape had told him that of those
things part was true, part false, he clung more
to their truth than to their falsehood, the very
reverse of Sancho, who held them all to be
downright lies.
As they were thus proceeding, then, they
discovered a small boat, without oars or any
other gear, that lay at the water's edge tied to
the stem of a tree growing on the bank. Don
Quixote looked all round, and seeing nobody,
at once, without more ado, dismounted from
Rocinante and bade Sancho get down from
Dapple and tie both beasts securely to the trunk
of a poplar or willow that stood there. Sancho
asked him the reason of this sudden dismoun-
ting and tying. Don Quixote made answer,
"Thou must know, Sancho, that this bark is
plainly, and without the possibility of any al-
ternative, calling and inviting me to enter it,
and in it go to give aid to some knight or other
person of distinction in need of it, who is no
doubt in some sore strait; for this is the way of
the books of chivalry and of the enchanters
who figure and speak in them. When a knight
is involved in some difficulty from which he
cannot be delivered save by the hand of anot-
her knight, though they may be at a distance of
two or three thousand leagues or more one
from the other, they either take him up on a
cloud, or they provide a bark for him to get
into, and in less than the twinkling of an eye
they carry him where they will and where his
help is required; and so, Sancho, this bark is
placed here for the same purpose; this is as true
as that it is now day, and ere this one passes tie
Dapple and Rocinante together, and then in
God's hand be it to guide us; for I would not
hold back from embarking, though barefooted
friars were to beg me."
"As that's the case," said Sancho, "and your
worship chooses to give in to these—I don't
know if I may call them absurdities—at every
turn, there's nothing for it but to obey and bow
the head, bearing in mind the proverb, 'Do as
thy master bids thee, and sit down to table with
him;' but for all that, for the sake of easing my
conscience, I warn your worship that it is my
opinion this bark is no enchanted one, but be-
longs to some of the fishermen of the river, for
they catch the best shad in the world here."
As Sancho said this, he tied the beasts, lea-
ving them to the care and protection of the en-
chanters with sorrow enough in his heart. Don
Quixote bade him not be uneasy about deser-
ting the animals, "for he who would carry
themselves over such longinquous roads and
regions would take care to feed them."
"I don't understand that logiquous," said
Sancho, "nor have I ever heard the word all the
days of my life."
"Longinquous," replied Don Quixote, "me-
ans far off; but it is no wonder thou dost not
understand it, for thou art not bound to know
Latin, like some who pretend to know it and
don't."
"Now they are tied," said Sancho; "what are
we to do next?"
"What?" said Don Quixote, "cross ourselves
and weigh anchor; I mean, embark and cut the
moorings by which the bark is held;" and the
bark began to drift away slowly from the bank.
But when Sancho saw himself somewhere
about two yards out in the river, he began to
tremble and give himself up for lost; but not-
hing distressed him more than hearing Dapple
bray and seeing Rocinante struggling to get
loose, and said he to his master, "Dapple is bra-
ying in grief at our leaving him, and Rocinante
is trying to escape and plunge in after us. O
dear friends, peace be with you, and may this
madness that is taking us away from you, tur-
ned into sober sense, bring us back to you."
And with this he fell weeping so bitterly, that
Don Quixote said to him, sharply and angrily,
"What art thou afraid of, cowardly creature?
What art thou weeping at, heart of butter-
paste? Who pursues or molests thee, thou soul
of a tame mouse? What dost thou want, unsa-
tisfied in the very heart of abundance? Art
thou, perchance, tramping barefoot over the
Riphaean mountains, instead of being seated
on a bench like an archduke on the tranquil
stream of this pleasant river, from which in a
short space we shall come out upon the broad
sea? But we must have already emerged and
gone seven hundred or eight hundred leagues;
and if I had here an astrolabe to take the altitu-
de of the pole, I could tell thee how many we
have travelled, though either I know little, or
we have already crossed or shall shortly cross
the equinoctial line which parts the two opposi-
te poles midway."
"And when we come to that line your wors-
hip speaks of," said Sancho, "how far shall we
have gone?"
"Very far," said Don Quixote, "for of the
three hundred and sixty degrees that this terra-
queous globe contains, as computed by Ptole-
my, the greatest cosmographer known, we shall
have travelled one-half when we come to the
line I spoke of."
"By God," said Sancho, "your worship gives
me a nice authority for what you say, putrid
Dolly something transmogrified, or whatever it
is."
Don Quixote laughed at the interpretation
Sancho put upon "computed," and the name of
the cosmographer Ptolemy, and said he, "Thou
must know, Sancho, that with the Spaniards
and those who embark at Cadiz for the East
Indies, one of the signs they have to show them
when they have passed the equinoctial line I
told thee of, is, that the lice die upon everybody
on board the ship, and not a single one is left,
or to be found in the whole vessel if they gave
its weight in gold for it; so, Sancho, thou ma-
yest as well pass thy hand down thy thigh, and
if thou comest upon anything alive we shall be
no longer in doubt; if not, then we have cros-
sed."
"I don't believe a bit of it," said Sancho; "still,
I'll do as your worship bids me; though I don't
know what need there is for trying these expe-
riments, for I can see with my own eyes that we
have not moved five yards away from the
bank, or shifted two yards from where the
animals stand, for there are Rocinante and
Dapple in the very same place where we left
them; and watching a point, as I do now, I swe-
ar by all that's good, we are not stirring or mo-
ving at the pace of an ant."
"Try the test I told thee of, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "and don't mind any other, for thou
knowest nothing about colures, lines, parallels,
zodiacs, ecliptics, poles, solstices, equinoxes,
planets, signs, bearings, the measures of which
the celestial and terrestrial spheres are compo-
sed; if thou wert acquainted with all these
things, or any portion of them, thou wouldst
see clearly how many parallels we have cut,
what signs we have seen, and what constella-
tions we have left behind and are now leaving
behind. But again I tell thee, feel and hunt, for I
am certain thou art cleaner than a sheet of smo-
oth white paper."
Sancho felt, and passing his hand gently and
carefully down to the hollow of his left knee, he
looked up at his master and said, "Either the
test is a false one, or we have not come to whe-
re your worship says, nor within many leagues
of it."
"Why, how so?" asked Don Quixote; "hast
thou come upon aught?"
"Ay, and aughts," replied Sancho; and sha-
king his fingers he washed his whole hand in
the river along which the boat was quietly gli-
ding in midstream, not moved by any occult
intelligence or invisible enchanter, but simply
by the current, just there smooth and gentle.
They now came in sight of some large water
mills that stood in the middle of the river, and
the instant Don Quixote saw them he cried out,
"Seest thou there, my friend? there stands the
castle or fortress, where there is, no doubt, so-
me knight in durance, or ill-used queen, or in-
fanta, or princess, in whose aid I am brought
hither."
"What the devil city, fortress, or castle is
your worship talking about, senor?" said San-
cho; "don't you see that those are mills that
stand in the river to grind corn?"
"Hold thy peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote;
"though they look like mills they are not so; I
have already told thee that enchantments trans-
form things and change their proper shapes; I
do not mean to say they really change them
from one form into another, but that it seems as
though they did, as experience proved in the
transformation of Dulcinea, sole refuge of my
hopes."
By this time, the boat, having reached the
middle of the stream, began to move less slow-
ly than hitherto. The millers belonging to the
mills, when they saw the boat coming down the
river, and on the point of being sucked in by
the draught of the wheels, ran out in haste, se-
veral of them, with long poles to stop it, and
being all mealy, with faces and garments cove-
red with flour, they presented a sinister appea-
rance. They raised loud shouts, crying, "Devils
of men, where are you going to? Are you mad?
Do you want to drown yourselves, or dash
yourselves to pieces among these wheels?"
"Did I not tell thee, Sancho," said Don
Quixote at this, "that we had reached the place
where I am to show what the might of my arm
can do? See what ruffians and villains come out
against me; see what monsters oppose me; see
what hideous countenances come to frighten
us! You shall soon see, scoundrels!" And then
standing up in the boat he began in a loud voi-
ce to hurl threats at the millers, exclaiming, "Ill-
conditioned and worse-counselled rabble, re-
store to liberty and freedom the person ye hold
in durance in this your fortress or prison, high
or low or of whatever rank or quality he be, for
I am Don Quixote of La Mancha, otherwise
called the Knight of the Lions, for whom, by the
disposition of heaven above, it is reserved to
give a happy issue to this adventure;" and so
saying he drew his sword and began making
passes in the air at the millers, who, hearing but
not understanding all this nonsense, strove to
stop the boat, which was now getting into the
rushing channel of the wheels. Sancho fell upon
his knees devoutly appealing to heaven to deli-
ver him from such imminent peril; which it did
by the activity and quickness of the millers,
who, pushing against the boat with their poles,
stopped it, not, however, without upsetting and
throwing Don Quixote and Sancho into the
water; and lucky it was for Don Quixote that he
could swim like a goose, though the weight of
his armour carried him twice to the bottom;
and had it not been for the millers, who plun-
ged in and hoisted them both out, it would
have been Troy town with the pair of them. As
soon as, more drenched than thirsty, they were
landed, Sancho went down on his knees and
with clasped hands and eyes raised to heaven,
prayed a long and fervent prayer to God to
deliver him evermore from the rash projects
and attempts of his master. The fishermen, the
owners of the boat, which the mill-wheels had
knocked to pieces, now came up, and seeing it
smashed they proceeded to strip Sancho and to
demand payment for it from Don Quixote; but
he with great calmness, just as if nothing had
happened him, told the millers and fishermen
that he would pay for the bark most cheerfully,
on condition that they delivered up to him, free
and unhurt, the person or persons that were in
durance in that castle of theirs.
 "What persons or what castle art thou tal-
king of, madman? Art thou for carrying off the
people who come to grind corn in these mills?"
"That's enough," said Don Quixote to him-
self, "it would be preaching in the desert to at-
tempt by entreaties to induce this rabble to do
any virtuous action. In this adventure two
mighty enchanters must have encountered one
another, and one frustrates what the other at-
tempts; one provided the bark for me, and the
other upset me; God help us, this world is all
machinations and schemes at cross purposes
one with the other. I can do no more." And then
turning towards the mills he said aloud,
"Friends, whoe'er ye be that are immured in
that prison, forgive me that, to my misfortune
and yours, I cannot deliver you from your mi-
sery; this adventure is doubtless reserved and
destined for some other knight."
So saying he settled with the fishermen, and
paid fifty reals for the boat, which Sancho han-
ded to them very much against the grain, sa-
ying, "With a couple more bark businesses like
this we shall have sunk our whole capital."
The fishermen and the millers stood staring
in amazement at the two figures, so very diffe-
rent to all appearance from ordinary men, and
were wholly unable to make out the drift of the
observations and questions Don Quixote ad-
dressed to them; and coming to the conclusion
that they were madmen, they left them and
betook themselves, the millers to their mills,
and the fishermen to their huts. Don Quixote
and Sancho returned to their beasts, and to
their life of beasts, and so ended the adventure
of the enchanted bark.
 CHAPTER XXX.

OF DON QUIXOTE'S ADVENTURE

WITH A FAIR HUNTRESS

They reached their beasts in low spirits and

bad humour enough, knight and squire, Sancho
particularly, for with him what touched the
stock of money touched his heart, and when
any was taken from him he felt as if he was
robbed of the apples of his eyes. In fine, wit-
hout exchanging a word, they mounted and
quitted the famous river, Don Quixote absor-
bed in thoughts of his love, Sancho in thinking
of his advancement, which just then, it seemed
to him, he was very far from securing; for, fool
as he was, he saw clearly enough that his mas-
ter's acts were all or most of them utterly sense-
less; and he began to cast about for an oppor-
tunity of retiring from his service and going
home some day, without entering into any ex-
planations or taking any farewell of him. For-
tune, however, ordered matters after a fashion
very much the opposite of what he contempla-
ted.
It so happened that the next day towards
sunset, on coming out of a wood, Don Quixote
cast his eyes over a green meadow, and at the
far end of it observed some people, and as he
drew nearer saw that it was a hawking party.
Coming closer, he distinguished among them a
lady of graceful mien, on a pure white palfrey
or hackney caparisoned with green trappings
and a silver-mounted side-saddle. The lady
was also in green, and so richly and splendidly
dressed that splendour itself seemed personi-
fied in her. On her left hand she bore a hawk, a
proof to Don Quixote's mind that she must be
some great lady and the mistress of the whole
hunting party, which was the fact; so he said to
Sancho, "Run Sancho, my son, and say to that
lady on the palfrey with the hawk that I, the
Knight of the Lions, kiss the hands of her exal-
ted beauty, and if her excellence will grant me
leave I will go and kiss them in person and pla-
ce myself at her service for aught that may be in
my power and her highness may command;
and mind, Sancho, how thou speakest, and take
care not to thrust in any of thy proverbs into
thy message."
"You've got a likely one here to thrust any
in!" said Sancho; "leave me alone for that! Why,
this is not the first time in my life I have carried
messages to high and exalted ladies."
"Except that thou didst carry to the lady
Dulcinea," said Don Quixote, "I know not that
thou hast carried any other, at least in my ser-
vice."
"That is true," replied Sancho; "but pledges
don't distress a good payer, and in a house
where there's plenty supper is soon cooked; I
mean there's no need of telling or warning me
about anything; for I'm ready for everything
and know a little of everything."
"That I believe, Sancho," said Don Quixote;
"go and good luck to thee, and God speed
thee."
Sancho went off at top speed, forcing Dap-
ple out of his regular pace, and came to where
the fair huntress was standing, and dismoun-
ting knelt before her and said, "Fair lady, that
knight that you see there, the Knight of the
Lions by name, is my master, and I am a squire
of his, and at home they call me Sancho Panza.
This same Knight of the Lions, who was called
not long since the Knight of the Rueful Counte-
nance, sends by me to say may it please your
highness to give him leave that, with your
permission, approbation, and consent, he may
come and carry out his wishes, which are, as he
says and I believe, to serve your exalted lofti-
ness and beauty; and if you give it, your ladys-
hip will do a thing which will redound to your
honour, and he will receive a most distinguis-
hed favour and happiness."
"You have indeed, squire," said the lady,
"delivered your message with all the formalities
such messages require; rise up, for it is not right
that the squire of a knight so great as he of the
Rueful Countenance, of whom we have heard a
great deal here, should remain on his knees;
rise, my friend, and bid your master welcome
to the services of myself and the duke my hus-
band, in a country house we have here."
Sancho got up, charmed as much by the be-
auty of the good lady as by her high-bred air
and her courtesy, but, above all, by what she
had said about having heard of his master, the
Knight of the Rueful Countenance; for if she
did not call him Knight of the Lions it was no
doubt because he had so lately taken the name.
"Tell me, brother squire," asked the duchess
(whose title, however, is not known), "this mas-
ter of yours, is he not one of whom there is a
history extant in print, called 'The Ingenious
Gentleman, Don Quixote of La Mancha,' who
has for the lady of his heart a certain Dulcinea
del Toboso?"
"He is the same, senora," replied Sancho;
"and that squire of his who figures, or ought to
figure, in the said history under the name of
Sancho Panza, is myself, unless they have
changed me in the cradle, I mean in the press."
"I am rejoiced at all this," said the duchess;
"go, brother Panza, and tell your master that he
is welcome to my estate, and that nothing could
happen me that could give me greater pleasu-
re."
Sancho returned to his master mightily plea-
sed with this gratifying answer, and told him
all the great lady had said to him, lauding to
the skies, in his rustic phrase, her rare beauty,
her graceful gaiety, and her courtesy. Don
Quixote drew himself up briskly in his saddle,
fixed himself in his stirrups, settled his visor,
gave Rocinante the spur, and with an easy bea-
ring advanced to kiss the hands of the duchess,
who, having sent to summon the duke her hus-
band, told him while Don Quixote was approa-
ching all about the message; and as both of
them had read the First Part of this history, and
from it were aware of Don Quixote's crazy turn,
they awaited him with the greatest delight and
anxiety to make his acquaintance, meaning to
fall in with his humour and agree with everyt-
hing he said, and, so long as he stayed with
them, to treat him as a knight-errant, with all
the ceremonies usual in the books of chivalry
they had read, for they themselves were very
fond of them.
Don Quixote now came up with his visor
raised, and as he seemed about to dismount
Sancho made haste to go and hold his stirrup
for him; but in getting down off Dapple he was
so unlucky as to hitch his foot in one of the ro-
pes of the pack-saddle in such a way that he
was unable to free it, and was left hanging by it
with his face and breast on the ground. Don
Quixote, who was not used to dismount wit-
hout having the stirrup held, fancying that San-
cho had by this time come to hold it for him,
threw himself off with a lurch and brought Ro-
cinante's saddle after him, which was no doubt
badly girthed, and saddle and he both came to
the ground; not without discomfiture to him
and abundant curses muttered between his
teeth against the unlucky Sancho, who had his
foot still in the shackles. The duke ordered his
huntsmen to go to the help of knight and squi-
re, and they raised Don Quixote, sorely shaken
by his fall; and he, limping, advanced as best he
could to kneel before the noble pair. This,
however, the duke would by no means permit;
on the contrary, dismounting from his horse, he
went and embraced Don Quixote, saying, "I am
grieved, Sir Knight of the Rueful Countenance,
that your first experience on my ground should
have been such an unfortunate one as we have
seen; but the carelessness of squires is often the
cause of worse accidents."
 "That which has happened me in meeting
you, mighty prince," replied Don Quixote,
"cannot be unfortunate, even if my fall had not
stopped short of the depths of the bottomless
pit, for the glory of having seen you would
have lifted me up and delivered me from it. My
squire, God's curse upon him, is better at un-
loosing his tongue in talking impertinence than
in tightening the girths of a saddle to keep it
steady; but however I may be, allen or raised
up, on foot or on horseback, I shall always be at
your service and that of my lady the duchess,
your worthy consort, worthy queen of beauty
and paramount princess of courtesy."
"Gently, Senor Don Quixote of La Mancha,"
said the duke; "where my lady Dona Dulcinea
del Toboso is, it is not right that other beauties
should be praised."
Sancho, by this time released from his en-
tanglement, was standing by, and before his
master could answer he said, "There is no den-
ying, and it must be maintained, that my lady
Dulcinea del Toboso is very beautiful; but the
hare jumps up where one least expects it; and I
have heard say that what we call nature is like
a potter that makes vessels of clay, and he who
makes one fair vessel can as well make two, or
three, or a hundred; I say so because, by my
faith, my lady the duchess is in no way behind
my mistress the lady Dulcinea del Toboso."
Don Quixote turned to the duchess and said,
"Your highness may conceive that never had
knight-errant in this world a more talkative or a
droller squire than I have, and he will prove the
truth of what I say, if your highness is pleased
to accept of my services for a few days."
To which the duchess made answer, "that
worthy Sancho is droll I consider a very good
thing, because it is a sign that he is shrewd; for
drollery and sprightliness, Senor Don Quixote,
as you very well know, do not take up their
abode with dull wits; and as good Sancho is
droll and sprightly I here set him down as
shrewd."
 "And talkative," added Don Quixote.
"So much the better," said the duke, "for ma-
ny droll things cannot be said in few words; but
not to lose time in talking, come, great Knight
of the Rueful Countenance-"
"Of the Lions, your highness must say," said
Sancho, "for there is no
Rueful Countenance nor any such character
now."
"He of the Lions be it," continued the duke;
"I say, let Sir Knight of the Lions come to a cas-
tle of mine close by, where he shall be given
that reception which is due to so exalted a per-
sonage, and which the duchess and I are wont
to give to all knights-errant who come there."
By this time Sancho had fixed and girthed
Rocinante's saddle, and Don Quixote having
got on his back and the duke mounted a fine
horse, they placed the duchess in the middle
and set out for the castle. The duchess desired
Sancho to come to her side, for she found infini-
te enjoyment in listening to his shrewd re-
marks. Sancho required no pressing, but pus-
hed himself in between them and the duke,
who thought it rare good fortune to receive
such a knight-errant and such a homely squire
in their castle.

CHAPTER XXXI.

WHICH TREATS OF MANY AND

GREAT MATTERS

Supreme was the satisfaction that Sancho

felt at seeing himself, as it seemed, an establis-
hed favourite with the duchess, for he looked
forward to finding in her castle what he had
found in Don Diego's house and in Basilio's; he
was always fond of good living, and always
seized by the forelock any opportunity of feas-
ting himself whenever it presented itself. The
history informs us, then, that before they rea-
ched the country house or castle, the duke went
on in advance and instructed all his servants
how they were to treat Don Quixote; and so the
instant he came up to the castle gates with the
duchess, two lackeys or equerries, clad in what
they call morning gowns of fine crimson satin
reaching to their feet, hastened out, and cat-
ching Don Quixote in their arms before he saw
or heard them, said to him, "Your highness
should go and take my lady the duchess off her
horse."
Don Quixote obeyed, and great bandying of
compliments followed between the two over
the matter; but in the end the duchess's deter-
mination carried the day, and she refused to get
down or dismount from her palfrey except in
the arms of the duke, saying she did not consi-
der herself worthy to impose so unnecessary a
burden on so great a knight. At length the duke
came out to take her down, and as they entered
a spacious court two fair damsels came forward
and threw over Don Quixote's shoulders a lar-
ge mantle of the finest scarlet cloth, and at the
same instant all the galleries of the court were
lined with the men-servants and women-
servants of the household, crying, "Welcome,
flower and cream of knight-errantry!" while all
or most of them flung pellets filled with scen-
ted water over Don Quixote and the duke and
duchess; at all which Don Quixote was greatly
astonished, and this was the first time that he
thoroughly felt and believed himself to be a
knight-errant in reality and not merely in fancy,
now that he saw himself treated in the same
way as he had read of such knights being trea-
ted in days of yore.
Sancho, deserting Dapple, hung on to the
duchess and entered the castle, but feeling so-
me twinges of conscience at having left the ass
alone, he approached a respectable duenna
who had come out with the rest to receive the
duchess, and in a low voice he said to her, "Se-
nora Gonzalez, or however your grace may be
called-"
"I am called Dona Rodriguez de Grijalba,"
replied the duenna; "what is your will, brot-
her?" To which Sancho made answer, "I should
be glad if your worship would do me the fa-
vour to go out to the castle gate, where you will
find a grey ass of mine; make them, if you plea-
se, put him in the stable, or put him there your-
self, for the poor little beast is rather easily
frightened, and cannot bear being alone at all."
"If the master is as wise as the man," said the
duenna, "we have got a fine bargain. Be off
with you, brother, and bad luck to you and him
who brought you here; go, look after your ass,
for we, the duennas of this house, are not used
to work of that sort."
"Well then, in troth," returned Sancho, "I
have heard my master, who is the very treasu-
re-finder of stories, telling the story of Lancelot
when he came from Britain, say that ladies wai-
ted upon him and duennas upon his hack; and,
if it comes to my ass, I wouldn't change him for
Senor Lancelot's hack."
"If you are a jester, brother," said the duen-
na, "keep your drolleries for some place where
they'll pass muster and be paid for; for you'll
get nothing from me but a fig."
"At any rate, it will be a very ripe one," said
Sancho, "for you won't lose the trick in years by
a point too little."
"Son of a bitch," said the duenna, all aglow
with anger, "whether I'm old or not, it's with
God I have to reckon, not with you, you garlic-
stuffed scoundrel!" and she said it so loud, that
the duchess heard it, and turning round and
seeing the duenna in such a state of excitement,
and her eyes flaming so, asked whom she was
wrangling with.
"With this good fellow here," said the duen-
na, "who has particularly requested me to go
and put an ass of his that is at the castle gate
into the stable, holding it up to me as an exam-
ple that they did the same I don't know whe-
re—that some ladies waited on one Lancelot,
and duennas on his hack; and what is more, to
wind up with, he called me old."
"That," said the duchess, "I should have con-
sidered the greatest affront that could be offe-
red me;" and addressing Sancho, she said to
him, "You must know, friend Sancho, that Do-
na Rodriguez is very youthful, and that she
wears that hood more for authority and custom
sake than because of her years."
"May all the rest of mine be unlucky," said
Sancho, "if I meant it that way; I only spoke
because the affection I have for my ass is so
great, and I thought I could not commend him
to a more kind-hearted person than the lady
Dona Rodriguez."
Don Quixote, who was listening, said to
him, "Is this proper conversation for the place,
Sancho?"
"Senor," replied Sancho, "every one must
mention what he wants wherever he may be; I
thought of Dapple here, and I spoke of him
here; if I had thought of him in the stable I
would have spoken there."
On which the duke observed, "Sancho is qui-
te right, and there is no reason at all to find
fault with him; Dapple shall be fed to his
heart's content, and Sancho may rest easy, for
he shall be treated like himself."
While this conversation, amusing to all ex-
cept Don Quixote, was proceeding, they ascen-
ded the staircase and ushered Don Quixote into
a chamber hung with rich cloth of gold and
brocade; six damsels relieved him of his ar-
mour and waited on him like pages, all of them
prepared and instructed by the duke and du-
chess as to what they were to do, and how they
were to treat Don Quixote, so that he might see
and believe they were treating him like a
knight-errant. When his armour was removed,
there stood Don Quixote in his tight-fitting
breeches and chamois doublet, lean, lanky, and
long, with cheeks that seemed to be kissing
each other inside; such a figure, that if the dam-
sels waiting on him had not taken care to check
their merriment (which was one of the particu-
lar directions their master and mistress had
given them), they would have burst with
laughter. They asked him to let himself be
stripped that they might put a shirt on him, but
he would not on any account, saying that mo-
desty became knights-errant just as much as
valour. However, he said they might give the
shirt to Sancho; and shutting himself in with
him in a room where there was a sumptuous
bed, he undressed and put on the shirt; and
then, finding himself alone with Sancho, he
said to him, "Tell me, thou new-fledged buffo-
on and old booby, dost thou think it right to
offend and insult a duenna so deserving of re-
verence and respect as that one just now? Was
that a time to bethink thee of thy Dapple, or are
these noble personages likely to let the beasts
fare badly when they treat their owners in such
elegant style? For God's sake, Sancho, restrain
thyself, and don't show the thread so as to let
them see what a coarse, boorish texture thou art
of. Remember, sinner that thou art, the master
is the more esteemed the more respectable and
well-bred his servants are; and that one of the
greatest advantages that princes have over ot-
her men is that they have servants as good as
themselves to wait on them. Dost thou not
see—shortsighted being that thou art, and un-
lucky mortal that I am!—that if they perceive
thee to be a coarse clown or a dull blockhead,
they will suspect me to be some impostor or
swindler? Nay, nay, Sancho friend, keep clear,
oh, keep clear of these stumbling-blocks; for he
who falls into the way of being a chatterbox
and droll, drops into a wretched buffoon the
first time he trips; bridle thy tongue, consider
and weigh thy words before they escape thy
mouth, and bear in mind we are now in quar-
ters whence, by God's help, and the strength of
my arm, we shall come forth mightily advan-
ced in fame and fortune."
 Sancho promised him with much earnest-
ness to keep his mouth shut, and to bite off his
tongue before he uttered a word that was not
altogether to the purpose and well considered,
and told him he might make his mind easy on
that point, for it should never be discovered
through him what they were.
Don Quixote dressed himself, put on his
baldric with his sword, threw the scarlet mantle
over his shoulders, placed on his head a monte-
ra of green satin that the damsels had given
him, and thus arrayed passed out into the large
room, where he found the damsels drawn up in
double file, the same number on each side, all
with the appliances for washing the hands,
which they presented to him with profuse obei-
sances and ceremonies. Then came twelve pa-
ges, together with the seneschal, to lead him to
dinner, as his hosts were already waiting for
him. They placed him in the midst of them, and
with much pomp and stateliness they conduc-
ted him into another room, where there was a
sumptuous table laid with but four covers. The
duchess and the duke came out to the door of
the room to receive him, and with them a grave
ecclesiastic, one of those who rule noblemen's
houses; one of those who, not being born mag-
nates themselves, never know how to teach
those who are how to behave as such; one of
those who would have the greatness of great
folk measured by their own narrowness of
mind; one of those who, when they try to in-
troduce economy into the household they rule,
lead it into meanness. One of this sort, I say,
must have been the grave churchman who ca-
me out with the duke and duchess to receive
Don Quixote.
A vast number of polite speeches were ex-
changed, and at length, taking Don Quixote
between them, they proceeded to sit down to
table. The duke pressed Don Quixote to take
the head of the table, and, though he refused,
the entreaties of the duke were so urgent that
he had to accept it.
 The ecclesiastic took his seat opposite to
him, and the duke and duchess those at the
sides. All this time Sancho stood by, gaping
with amazement at the honour he saw shown
to his master by these illustrious persons; and
observing all the ceremonious pressing that
had passed between the duke and Don Quixote
to induce him to take his seat at the head of the
table, he said, "If your worship will give me
leave I will tell you a story of what happened in
my village about this matter of seats."
The moment Sancho said this Don Quixote
trembled, making sure that he was about to say
something foolish. Sancho glanced at him, and
guessing his thoughts, said, "Don't be afraid of
my going astray, senor, or saying anything that
won't be pat to the purpose; I haven't forgotten
the advice your worship gave me just now
about talking much or little, well or ill."
"I have no recollection of anything, Sancho,"
said Don Quixote; "say what thou wilt, only say
it quickly."
 "Well then," said Sancho, "what I am going
to say is so true that my master Don Quixote,
who is here present, will keep me from lying."
"Lie as much as thou wilt for all I care, San-
cho," said Don Quixote, "for
I am not going to stop thee, but consider what
thou art going to say."
"I have so considered and reconsidered,"
said Sancho, "that the bell-ringer's in a safe
berth; as will be seen by what follows."
"It would be well," said Don Quixote, "if
your highnesses would order them to turn out
this idiot, for he will talk a heap of nonsense."
"By the life of the duke, Sancho shall not be
taken away from me for a moment," said the
duchess; "I am very fond of him, for I know he
is very discreet."
"Discreet be the days of your holiness," said
Sancho, "for the good opinion you have of my
wit, though there's none in me; but the story I
want to tell is this. There was an invitation gi-
ven by a gentleman of my town, a very rich
one, and one of quality, for he was one of the
Alamos of Medina del Campo, and married to
Dona Mencia de Quinones, the daughter of
Don Alonso de Maranon, Knight of the Order
of Santiago, that was drowned at the Herradu-
ra—him there was that quarrel about years ago
in our village, that my master Don Quixote was
mixed up in, to the best of my belief, that To-
masillo the scapegrace, the son of Balbastro the
smith, was wounded in.—Isn't all this true,
master mine? As you live, say so, that these
gentlefolk may not take me for some lying chat-
terer."
"So far," said the ecclesiastic, "I take you to
be more a chatterer than a liar; but I don't know
what I shall take you for by-and-by."
"Thou citest so many witnesses and proofs,
Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that I have no
choice but to say thou must be telling the truth;
go on, and cut the story short, for thou art ta-
king the way not to make an end for two days
to come."
 "He is not to cut it short," said the duchess;
"on the contrary, for my gratification, he is to
tell it as he knows it, though he should not fi-
nish it these six days; and if he took so many
they would be to me the pleasantest I ever
spent."
"Well then, sirs, I say," continued Sancho,
"that this same gentleman, whom I know as
well as I do my own hands, for it's not a bows-
hot from my house to his, invited a poor but
respectable labourer-"
"Get on, brother," said the churchman; "at
the rate you are going you will not stop with
your story short of the next world."
"I'll stop less than half-way, please God,"
said Sancho; "and so I say this labourer, coming
to the house of the gentleman I spoke of that
invited him—rest his soul, he is now dead; and
more by token he died the death of an angel, so
they say; for I was not there, for just at that time
I had gone to reap at Tembleque-"
 "As you live, my son," said the churchman,
"make haste back from Tembleque, and finish
your story without burying the gentleman, un-
less you want to make more funerals."
"Well then, it so happened," said Sancho,
"that as the pair of them were going to sit down
to table—and I think I can see them now plai-
ner than ever-"
Great was the enjoyment the duke and du-
chess derived from the irritation the worthy
churchman showed at the long-winded, halting
way Sancho had of telling his story, while Don
Quixote was chafing with rage and vexation.
"So, as I was saying," continued Sancho, "as
the pair of them were going to sit down to ta-
ble, as I said, the labourer insisted upon the
gentleman's taking the head of the table, and
the gentleman insisted upon the labourer's ta-
king it, as his orders should be obeyed in his
house; but the labourer, who plumed himself
on his politeness and good breeding, would not
on any account, until the gentleman, out of pa-
tience, putting his hands on his shoulders,
compelled him by force to sit down, saying, 'Sit
down, you stupid lout, for wherever I sit will
be the head to you; and that's the story, and,
troth, I think it hasn't been brought in amiss
here."
Don Quixote turned all colours, which, on
his sunburnt face, mottled it till it looked like
jasper. The duke and duchess suppressed their
laughter so as not altogether to mortify Don
Quixote, for they saw through Sancho's imper-
tinence; and to change the conversation, and
keep Sancho from uttering more absurdities,
the duchess asked Don Quixote what news he
had of the lady Dulcinea, and if he had sent her
any presents of giants or miscreants lately, for
he could not but have vanquished a good ma-
ny.
To which Don Quixote replied, "Senora, my
misfortunes, though they had a beginning, will
never have an end. I have vanquished giants
and I have sent her caitiffs and miscreants; but
where are they to find her if she is enchanted
and turned into the most ill-favoured peasant
wench that can be imagined?"
"I don't know," said Sancho Panza; "to me
she seems the fairest creature in the world; at
any rate, in nimbleness and jumping she won't
give in to a tumbler; by my faith, senora du-
chess, she leaps from the ground on to the back
of an ass like a cat."
"Have you seen her enchanted, Sancho?" as-
ked the duke.
"What, seen her!" said Sancho; "why, who
the devil was it but myself that first thought of
the enchantment business? She is as much en-
chanted as my father."
The ecclesiastic, when he heard them talking
of giants and caitiffs and enchantments, began
to suspect that this must be Don Quixote of La
Mancha, whose story the duke was always rea-
ding; and he had himself often reproved him
for it, telling him it was foolish to read such
fooleries; and becoming convinced that his
suspicion was correct, addressing the duke, he
said very angrily to him, "Senor, your excellen-
ce will have to give account to God for what
this good man does. This Don Quixote, or Don
Simpleton, or whatever his name is, cannot, I
imagine, be such a blockhead as your excellen-
ce would have him, holding out encourage-
ment to him to go on with his vagaries and fo-
llies." Then turning to address Don Quixote he
said, "And you, num-skull, who put it into your
head that you are a knight-errant, and van-
quish giants and capture miscreants? Go your
ways in a good hour, and in a good hour be it
said to you. Go home and bring up your chil-
dren if you have any, and attend to your busi-
ness, and give over going wandering about the
world, gaping and making a laughing-stock of
yourself to all who know you and all who
don't. Where, in heaven's name, have you dis-
covered that there are or ever were knights-
errant? Where are there giants in Spain or mis-
creants in La Mancha, or enchanted Dulcineas,
or all the rest of the silly things they tell about
you?"
Don Quixote listened attentively to the reve-
rend gentleman's words, and as soon as he per-
ceived he had done speaking, regardless of the
presence of the duke and duchess, he sprang to
his feet with angry looks and an agitated coun-
tenance, and said—But the reply deserves a
chapter to itself.

CHAPTER XXXII.

OF THE REPLY DON QUIXOTE

GAVE HIS CENSURER, WITH OTHER
INCIDENTS, GRAVE AND DROLL
 Don Quixote, then, having risen to his feet,
trembling from head to foot like a man dosed
with mercury, said in a hurried, agitated voice,
"The place I am in, the presence in which I
stand, and the respect I have and always have
had for the profession to which your worship
belongs, hold and bind the hands of my just
indignation; and as well for these reasons as
because I know, as everyone knows, that a
gownsman's weapon is the same as a woman's,
the tongue, I will with mine engage in equal
combat with your worship, from whom one
might have expected good advice instead of
foul abuse. Pious, well-meant reproof requires
a different demeanour and arguments of anot-
her sort; at any rate, to have reproved me in
public, and so roughly, exceeds the bounds of
proper reproof, for that comes better with gen-
tleness than with rudeness; and it is not seemly
to call the sinner roundly blockhead and booby,
without knowing anything of the sin that is
reproved. Come, tell me, for which of the stu-
pidities you have observed in me do you con-
demn and abuse me, and bid me go home and
look after my house and wife and children,
without knowing whether I have any? Is not-
hing more needed than to get a footing, by
hook or by crook, in other people's houses to
rule over the masters (and that, perhaps, after
having been brought up in all the straitness of
some seminary, and without having ever seen
more of the world than may lie within twenty
or thirty leagues round), to fit one to lay down
the law rashly for chivalry, and pass judgment
on knights-errant? Is it, haply, an idle occupa-
tion, or is the time ill-spent that is spent in
roaming the world in quest, not of its enjoy-
ments, but of those arduous toils whereby the
good mount upwards to the abodes of everlas-
ting life? If gentlemen, great lords, nobles, men
of high birth, were to rate me as a fool I should
take it as an irreparable insult; but I care not a
farthing if clerks who have never entered upon
or trod the paths of chivalry should think me
foolish. Knight I am, and knight I will die, if
such be the pleasure of the Most High. Some
take the broad road of overweening ambition;
others that of mean and servile flattery; others
that of deceitful hypocrisy, and some that of
true religion; but I, led by my star, follow the
narrow path of knight-errantry, and in pursuit
of that calling I despise wealth, but not honour.
I have redressed injuries, righted wrongs, pu-
nished insolences, vanquished giants, and
crushed monsters; I am in love, for no other
reason than that it is incumbent on knights-
errant to be so; but though I am, I am no carnal-
minded lover, but one of the chaste, platonic
sort. My intentions are always directed to
worthy ends, to do good to all and evil to none;
and if he who means this, does this, and makes
this his practice deserves to be called a fool, it is
for your highnesses to say, O most excellent
duke and duchess."
"Good, by God!" cried Sancho; "say no more
in your own defence, master mine, for there's
nothing more in the world to be said, thought,
or insisted on; and besides, when this gentle-
man denies, as he has, that there are or ever
have been any knights-errant in the world, is it
any wonder if he knows nothing of what he has
been talking about?"
"Perhaps, brother," said the ecclesiastic, "you
are that Sancho Panza that is mentioned, to
whom your master has promised an island?"
"Yes, I am," said Sancho, "and what's more, I
am one who deserves it as much as anyone; I
am one of the sort—'Attach thyself to the good,
and thou wilt be one of them,' and of those,
'Not with whom thou art bred, but with whom
thou art fed,' and of those, 'Who leans against a
good tree, a good shade covers him;' I have
leant upon a good master, and I have been for
months going about with him, and please God I
shall be just such another; long life to him and
long life to me, for neither will he be in any
want of empires to rule, or I of islands to go-
vern."
 "No, Sancho my friend, certainly not," said
the duke, "for in the name of Senor Don Quixo-
te I confer upon you the government of one of
no small importance that I have at my dispo-
sal."
"Go down on thy knees, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "and kiss the feet of his excellence for
the favour he has bestowed upon thee."
Sancho obeyed, and on seeing this the eccle-
siastic stood up from table completely out of
temper, exclaiming, "By the gown I wear, I am
almost inclined to say that your excellence is as
great a fool as these sinners. No wonder they
are mad, when people who are in their senses
sanction their madness! I leave your excellence
with them, for so long as they are in the house,
I will remain in my own, and spare myself the
trouble of reproving what I cannot remedy;"
and without uttering another word, or eating
another morsel, he went off, the entreaties of
the duke and duchess being entirely unavailing
to stop him; not that the duke said much to
him, for he could not, because of the laughter
his uncalled-for anger provoked.
When he had done laughing, he said to Don
Quixote, "You have replied on your own behalf
so stoutly, Sir Knight of the Lions, that there is
no occasion to seek further satisfaction for this,
which, though it may look like an offence, is
not so at all, for, as women can give no offence,
no more can ecclesiastics, as you very well
know."
"That is true," said Don Quixote, "and the
reason is, that he who is not liable to offence
cannot give offence to anyone. Women, chil-
dren, and ecclesiastics, as they cannot defend
themselves, though they may receive offence
cannot be insulted, because between the offence
and the insult there is, as your excellence very
well knows, this difference: the insult comes
from one who is capable of offering it, and does
so, and maintains it; the offence may come
from any quarter without carrying insult. To
take an example: a man is standing unsuspec-
tingly in the street and ten others come up ar-
med and beat him; he draws his sword and
quits himself like a man, but the number of his
antagonists makes it impossible for him to ef-
fect his purpose and avenge himself; this man
suffers an offence but not an insult. Another
example will make the same thing plain: a man
is standing with his back turned, another comes
up and strikes him, and after striking him takes
to flight, without waiting an instant, and the
other pursues him but does not overtake him;
he who received the blow received an offence,
but not an insult, because an insult must be
maintained. If he who struck him, though he
did so sneakingly and treacherously, had
drawn his sword and stood and faced him,
then he who had been struck would have re-
ceived offence and insult at the same time; of-
fence because he was struck treacherously, in-
sult because he who struck him maintained
what he had done, standing his ground without
taking to flight. And so, according to the laws
of the accursed duel, I may have received of-
fence, but not insult, for neither women nor
children can maintain it, nor can they wound,
nor have they any way of standing their
ground, and it is just the same with those con-
nected with religion; for these three sorts of
persons are without arms offensive or defensi-
ve, and so, though naturally they are bound to
defend themselves, they have no right to offend
anybody; and though I said just now I might
have received offence, I say now certainly not,
for he who cannot receive an insult can still less
give one; for which reasons I ought not to feel,
nor do I feel, aggrieved at what that good man
said to me; I only wish he had stayed a little
longer, that I might have shown him the mista-
ke he makes in supposing and maintaining that
there are not and never have been any knights-
errant in the world; had Amadis or any of his
countless descendants heard him say as much, I
am sure it would not have gone well with his
worship."
 "I will take my oath of that," said Sancho;
"they would have given him a slash that would
have slit him down from top to toe like a po-
megranate or a ripe melon; they were likely
fellows to put up with jokes of that sort! By my
faith, I'm certain if Reinaldos of Montalvan had
heard the little man's words he would have
given him such a spank on the mouth that he
wouldn't have spoken for the next three years;
ay, let him tackle them, and he'll see how he'll
get out of their hands!"
The duchess, as she listened to Sancho, was
ready to die with laughter, and in her own
mind she set him down as droller and madder
than his master; and there were a good many
just then who were of the same opinion.
Don Quixote finally grew calm, and dinner
came to an end, and as the cloth was removed
four damsels came in, one of them with a silver
basin, another with a jug also of silver, a third
with two fine white towels on her shoulder,
and the fourth with her arms bared to the el-
bows, and in her white hands (for white they
certainly were) a round ball of Naples soap.
The one with the basin approached, and with
arch composure and impudence, thrust it un-
der Don Quixote's chin, who, wondering at
such a ceremony, said never a word, supposing
it to be the custom of that country to wash be-
ards instead of hands; he therefore stretched his
out as far as he could, and at the same instant
the jug began to pour and the damsel with the
soap rubbed his beard briskly, raising snow-
flakes, for the soap lather was no less white, not
only over the beard, but all over the face, and
over the eyes of the submissive knight, so that
they were perforce obliged to keep shut. The
duke and duchess, who had not known anyt-
hing about this, waited to see what came of this
strange washing. The barber damsel, when she
had him a hand's breadth deep in lather, pre-
tended that there was no more water, and bade
the one with the jug go and fetch some, while
Senor Don Quixote waited. She did so, and Don
Quixote was left the strangest and most ludi-
crous figure that could be imagined. All those
present, and there were a good many, were
watching him, and as they saw him there with
half a yard of neck, and that uncommonly
brown, his eyes shut, and his beard full of soap,
it was a great wonder, and only by great discre-
tion, that they were able to restrain their laugh-
ter. The damsels, the concocters of the joke,
kept their eyes down, not daring to look at their
master and mistress; and as for them, laughter
and anger struggled within them, and they
knew not what to do, whether to punish the
audacity of the girls, or to reward them for the
amusement they had received from seeing Don
Quixote in such a plight.
At length the damsel with the jug returned
and they made an end of washing Don Quixo-
te, and the one who carried the towels very
deliberately wiped him and dried him; and all
four together making him a profound obeisan-
ce and curtsey, they were about to go, when the
duke, lest Don Quixote should see through the
joke, called out to the one with the basin sa-
ying, "Come and wash me, and take care that
there is water enough." The girl, sharp-witted
and prompt, came and placed the basin for the
duke as she had done for Don Quixote, and
they soon had him well soaped and washed,
and having wiped him dry they made their
obeisance and retired. It appeared afterwards
that the duke had sworn that if they had not
washed him as they had Don Quixote he would
have punished them for their impudence,
which they adroitly atoned for by soaping him
as well.
Sancho observed the ceremony of the was-
hing very attentively, and said to himself, "God
bless me, if it were only the custom in this
country to wash squires' beards too as well as
knights'. For by God and upon my soul I want
it badly; and if they gave me a scrape of the
razor besides I'd take it as a still greater kind-
ness."
 "What are you saying to yourself, Sancho?"
asked the duchess.
"I was saying, senora," he replied, "that in
the courts of other princes, when the cloth is
taken away, I have always heard say they give
water for the hands, but not lye for the beard;
and that shows it is good to live long that you
may see much; to be sure, they say too that he
who lives a long life must undergo much evil,
though to undergo a washing of that sort is
pleasure rather than pain."
"Don't be uneasy, friend Sancho," said the
duchess; "I will take care that my damsels wash
you, and even put you in the tub if necessary."
"I'll be content with the beard," said Sancho,
"at any rate for the present; and as for the futu-
re, God has decreed what is to be."
"Attend to worthy Sancho's request, senes-
chal," said the duchess, "and do exactly what he
wishes."
The seneschal replied that Senor Sancho
should be obeyed in everything; and with that
he went away to dinner and took Sancho along
with him, while the duke and duchess and Don
Quixote remained at table discussing a great
variety of things, but all bearing on the calling
of arms and knight-errantry.
The duchess begged Don Quixote, as he
seemed to have a retentive memory, to describe
and portray to her the beauty and features of
the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, for, judging by
what fame trumpeted abroad of her beauty, she
felt sure she must be the fairest creature in the
world, nay, in all La Mancha.
Don Quixote sighed on hearing the du-
chess's request, and said, "If I could pluck out
my heart, and lay it on a plate on this table here
before your highness's eyes, it would spare my
tongue the pain of telling what can hardly be
thought of, for in it your excellence would see
her portrayed in full. But why should I attempt
to depict and describe in detail, and feature by
feature, the beauty of the peerless Dulcinea, the
burden being one worthy of other shoulders
than mine, an enterprise wherein the pencils of
Parrhasius, Timantes, and Apelles, and the
graver of Lysippus ought to be employed, to
paint it in pictures and carve it in marble and
bronze, and Ciceronian and Demosthenian elo-
quence to sound its praises?"
"What does Demosthenian mean, Senor Don
Quixote?" said the duchess; "it is a word I never
heard in all my life."
"Demosthenian eloquence," said Don Quixo-
te, "means the eloquence of Demosthenes, as
Ciceronian means that of Cicero, who were the
two most eloquent orators in the world."
"True," said the duke; "you must have lost
your wits to ask such a question. Nevertheless,
Senor Don Quixote would greatly gratify us if
he would depict her to us; for never fear, even
in an outline or sketch she will be something to
make the fairest envious."
"I would do so certainly," said Don Quixote,
"had she not been blurred to my mind's eye by
the misfortune that fell upon her a short time
since, one of such a nature that I am more rea-
dy to weep over it than to describe it. For your
highnesses must know that, going a few days
back to kiss her hands and receive her benedic-
tion, approbation, and permission for this third
sally, I found her altogether a different being
from the one I sought; I found her enchanted
and changed from a princess into a peasant,
from fair to foul, from an angel into a devil,
from fragrant to pestiferous, from refined to
clownish, from a dignified lady into a jumping
tomboy, and, in a word, from Dulcinea del To-
boso into a coarse Sayago wench."
"God bless me!" said the duke aloud at this,
"who can have done the world such an injury?
Who can have robbed it of the beauty that
gladdened it, of the grace and gaiety that char-
med it, of the modesty that shed a lustre upon
it?"
"Who?" replied Don Quixote; "who could it
be but some malignant enchanter of the many
that persecute me out of envy—that accursed
race born into the world to obscure and bring
to naught the achievements of the good, and
glorify and exalt the deeds of the wicked? En-
chanters have persecuted me, enchanters perse-
cute me still, and enchanters will continue to
persecute me until they have sunk me and my
lofty chivalry in the deep abyss of oblivion; and
they injure and wound me where they know I
feel it most. For to deprive a knight-errant of
his lady is to deprive him of the eyes he sees
with, of the sun that gives him light, of the food
whereby he lives. Many a time before have I
said it, and I say it now once more, a knight-
errant without a lady is like a tree without lea-
ves, a building without a foundation, or a sha-
dow without the body that causes it."
"There is no denying it," said the duchess;
"but still, if we are to believe the history of Don
Quixote that has come out here lately with ge-
neral applause, it is to be inferred from it, if I
mistake not, that you never saw the lady Dul-
cinea, and that the said lady is nothing in the
world but an imaginary lady, one that you
yourself begot and gave birth to in your brain,
and adorned with whatever charms and perfec-
tions you chose."
"There is a good deal to be said on that
point," said Don Quixote; "God knows whether
there be any Dulcinea or not in the world, or
whether she is imaginary or not imaginary;
these are things the proof of which must not be
pushed to extreme lengths. I have not begotten
nor given birth to my lady, though I behold her
as she needs must be, a lady who contains in
herself all the qualities to make her famous
throughout the world, beautiful without ble-
mish, dignified without haughtiness, tender
and yet modest, gracious from courtesy and
courteous from good breeding, and lastly, of
exalted lineage, because beauty shines forth
and excels with a higher degree of perfection
upon good blood than in the fair of lowly
birth."
 "That is true," said the duke; "but Senor Don
Quixote will give me leave to say what I am
constrained to say by the story of his exploits
that I have read, from which it is to be inferred
that, granting there is a Dulcinea in El Toboso,
or out of it, and that she is in the highest degree
beautiful as you have described her to us, as
regards the loftiness of her lineage she is not on
a par with the Orianas, Alastrajareas, Madasi-
mas, or others of that sort, with whom, as you
well know, the histories abound."
"To that I may reply," said Don Quixote,
"that Dulcinea is the daughter of her own
works, and that virtues rectify blood, and that
lowly virtue is more to be regarded and estee-
med than exalted vice. Dulcinea, besides, has
that within her that may raise her to be a crow-
ned and sceptred queen; for the merit of a fair
and virtuous woman is capable of performing
greater miracles; and virtually, though not for-
mally, she has in herself higher fortunes."
 "I protest, Senor Don Quixote," said the du-
chess, "that in all you say, you go most cau-
tiously and lead in hand, as the saying is; hen-
ceforth I will believe myself, and I will take care
that everyone in my house believes, even my
lord the duke if needs be, that there is a Dulci-
nea in El Toboso, and that she is living to-day,
and that she is beautiful and nobly born and
deserves to have such a knight as Senor Don
Quixote in her service, and that is the highest
praise that it is in my power to give her or that I
can think of. But I cannot help entertaining a
doubt, and having a certain grudge against
Sancho Panza; the doubt is this, that the afore-
said history declares that the said Sancho Pan-
za, when he carried a letter on your worship's
behalf to the said lady Dulcinea, found her sif-
ting a sack of wheat; and more by token it says
it was red wheat; a thing which makes me
doubt the loftiness of her lineage."
To this Don Quixote made answer, "Senora,
your highness must know that everything or
almost everything that happens me transcends
the ordinary limits of what happens to other
knights-errant; whether it be that it is directed
by the inscrutable will of destiny, or by the ma-
lice of some jealous enchanter. Now it is an
established fact that all or most famous
knights-errant have some special gift, one that
of being proof against enchantment, another
that of being made of such invulnerable flesh
that he cannot be wounded, as was the famous
Roland, one of the twelve peers of France, of
whom it is related that he could not be woun-
ded except in the sole of his left foot, and that it
must be with the point of a stout pin and not
with any other sort of weapon whatever; and
so, when Bernardo del Carpio slew him at Ron-
cesvalles, finding that he could not wound him
with steel, he lifted him up from the ground in
his arms and strangled him, calling to mind
seasonably the death which Hercules inflicted
on Antaeus, the fierce giant that they say was
the son of Terra. I would infer from what I have
mentioned that perhaps I may have some gift
of this kind, not that of being invulnerable, be-
cause experience has many times proved to me
that I am of tender flesh and not at all impene-
trable; nor that of being proof against enchant-
ment, for I have already seen myself thrust into
a cage, in which all the world would not have
been able to confine me except by force of en-
chantments. But as I delivered myself from that
one, I am inclined to believe that there is no
other that can hurt me; and so, these enchan-
ters, seeing that they cannot exert their vile
craft against my person, revenge themselves on
what I love most, and seek to rob me of life by
maltreating that of Dulcinea in whom I live;
and therefore I am convinced that when my
squire carried my message to her, they changed
her into a common peasant girl, engaged in
such a mean occupation as sifting wheat; I have
already said, however, that that wheat was not
red wheat, nor wheat at all, but grains of orient
pearl. And as a proof of all this, I must tell your
highnesses that, coming to El Toboso a short
time back, I was altogether unable to discover
the palace of Dulcinea; and that the next day,
though Sancho, my squire, saw her in her own
proper shape, which is the fairest in the world,
to me she appeared to be a coarse, ill-favoured
farm-wench, and by no means a well-spoken
one, she who is propriety itself. And so, as I am
not and, so far as one can judge, cannot be en-
chanted, she it is that is enchanted, that is smit-
ten, that is altered, changed, and transformed;
in her have my enemies revenged themselves
upon me, and for her shall I live in ceaseless
tears, until I see her in her pristine state. I have
mentioned this lest anybody should mind what
Sancho said about Dulcinea's winnowing or
sifting; for, as they changed her to me, it is no
wonder if they changed her to him. Dulcinea is
illustrious and well-born, and of one of the gen-
tle families of El Toboso, which are many, an-
cient, and good. Therein, most assuredly, not
small is the share of the peerless Dulcinea,
through whom her town will be famous and
celebrated in ages to come, as Troy was
through Helen, and Spain through La Cava,
though with a better title and tradition. For
another thing; I would have your graces un-
derstand that Sancho Panza is one of the dro-
llest squires that ever served knight-errant; so-
metimes there is a simplicity about him so acu-
te that it is an amusement to try and make out
whether he is simple or sharp; he has mischie-
vous tricks that stamp him rogue, and blunde-
ring ways that prove him a booby; he doubts
everything and believes everything; when I
fancy he is on the point of coming down head-
long from sheer stupidity, he comes out with
something shrewd that sends him up to the
skies. After all, I would not exchange him for
another squire, though I were given a city to
boot, and therefore I am in doubt whether it
will be well to send him to the government
your highness has bestowed upon him; though
I perceive in him a certain aptitude for the
work of governing, so that, with a little trim-
ming of his understanding, he would manage
any government as easily as the king does his
taxes; and moreover, we know already ample
experience that it does not require much cle-
verness or much learning to be a governor, for
there are a hundred round about us that scarce-
ly know how to read, and govern like gerfal-
cons. The main point is that they should have
good intentions and be desirous of doing right
in all things, for they will never be at a loss for
persons to advise and direct them in what they
have to do, like those knight-governors who,
being no lawyers, pronounce sentences with
the aid of an assessor. My advice to him will be
to take no bribe and surrender no right, and I
have some other little matters in reserve, that
shall be produced in due season for Sancho's
benefit and the advantage of the island he is to
govern."
The duke, duchess, and Don Quixote had
reached this point in their conversation, when
they heard voices and a great hubbub in the
palace, and Sancho burst abruptly into the ro-
om all glowing with anger, with a straining-
cloth by way of a bib, and followed by several
servants, or, more properly speaking, kitchen-
boys and other underlings, one of whom ca-
rried a small trough full of water, that from its
colour and impurity was plainly dishwater.
The one with the trough pursued him and fo-
llowed him everywhere he went, endeavouring
with the utmost persistence to thrust it under
his chin, while another kitchen-boy seemed
anxious to wash his beard.
"What is all this, brothers?" asked the du-
chess. "What is it? What do you want to do to
this good man? Do you forget he is a governor-
elect?"
To which the barber kitchen-boy replied,
"The gentleman will not let himself be washed
as is customary, and as my lord and the senor
his master have been."
 "Yes, I will," said Sancho, in a great rage;
"but I'd like it to be with cleaner towels, clearer
lye, and not such dirty hands; for there's not so
much difference between me and my master
that he should be washed with angels' water
and I with devil's lye. The customs of countries
and princes' palaces are only good so long as
they give no annoyance; but the way of was-
hing they have here is worse than doing penan-
ce. I have a clean beard, and I don't require to
be refreshed in that fashion, and whoever co-
mes to wash me or touch a hair of my head, I
mean to say my beard, with all due respect be it
said, I'll give him a punch that will leave my
fist sunk in his skull; for cirimonies and soa-
pings of this sort are more like jokes than the
polite attentions of one's host."
The duchess was ready to die with laughter
when she saw Sancho's rage and heard his
words; but it was no pleasure to Don Quixote
to see him in such a sorry trim, with the dingy
towel about him, and the hangers-on of the
kitchen all round him; so making a low bow to
the duke and duchess, as if to ask their permis-
sion to speak, he addressed the rout in a digni-
fied tone: "Holloa, gentlemen! you let that
youth alone, and go back to where you came
from, or anywhere else if you like; my squire is
as clean as any other person, and those troughs
are as bad as narrow thin-necked jars to him;
take my advice and leave him alone, for neither
he nor I understand joking."
Sancho took the word out of his mouth and
went on, "Nay, let them come and try their jo-
kes on the country bumpkin, for it's about as
likely I'll stand them as that it's now midnight!
Let them bring me a comb here, or what they
please, and curry this beard of mine, and if they
get anything out of it that offends against clean-
liness, let them clip me to the skin."
Upon this, the duchess, laughing all the whi-
le, said, "Sancho Panza is right, and always will
be in all he says; he is clean, and, as he says
himself, he does not require to be washed; and
if our ways do not please him, he is free to
choose. Besides, you promoters of cleanliness
have been excessively careless and thoughtless,
I don't know if I ought not to say audacious, to
bring troughs and wooden utensils and kitchen
dishclouts, instead of basins and jugs of pure
gold and towels of holland, to such a person
and such a beard; but, after all, you are ill-
conditioned and ill-bred, and spiteful as you
are, you cannot help showing the grudge you
have against the squires of knights-errant."
The impudent servitors, and even the senes-
chal who came with them, took the duchess to
be speaking in earnest, so they removed the
straining-cloth from Sancho's neck, and with
something like shame and confusion of face
went off all of them and left him; whereupon
he, seeing himself safe out of that extreme dan-
ger, as it seemed to him, ran and fell on his
knees before the duchess, saying, "From great
ladies great favours may be looked for; this
which your grace has done me today cannot be
requited with less than wishing I was dubbed a
knight-errant, to devote myself all the days of
my life to the service of so exalted a lady. I am a
labouring man, my name is Sancho Panza, I am
married, I have children, and I am serving as a
squire; if in any one of these ways I can serve
your highness, I will not be longer in obeying
than your grace in commanding."
"It is easy to see, Sancho," replied the du-
chess, "that you have learned to be polite in the
school of politeness itself; I mean to say it is
easy to see that you have been nursed in the
bosom of Senor Don Quixote, who is, of course,
the cream of good breeding and flower of ce-
remony—or cirimony, as you would say your-
self. Fair be the fortunes of such a master and
such a servant, the one the cynosure of knight-
errantry, the other the star of squirely fidelity!
Rise, Sancho, my friend; I will repay your cour-
tesy by taking care that my lord the duke ma-
kes good to you the promised gift of the go-
vernment as soon as possible."
 With this, the conversation came to an end,
and Don Quixote retired to take his midday
sleep; but the duchess begged Sancho, unless
he had a very great desire to go to sleep, to co-
me and spend the afternoon with her and her
damsels in a very cool chamber. Sancho replied
that, though he certainly had the habit of slee-
ping four or five hours in the heat of the day in
summer, to serve her excellence he would try
with all his might not to sleep even one that
day, and that he would come in obedience to
her command, and with that he went off. The
duke gave fresh orders with respect to treating
Don Quixote as a knight-errant, without depar-
ting even in smallest particular from the style
in which, as the stories tell us, they used to treat
the knights of old.
 CHAPTER XXXIII.

OF THE DELECTABLE DISCOURSE

WHICH THE DUCHESS AND HER
DAMSELS HELD WITH SANCHO
PANZA, WELL WORTH READING
AND NOTING

The history records that Sancho did not sle-

ep that afternoon, but in order to keep his word
came, before he had well done dinner, to visit
the duchess, who, finding enjoyment in liste-
ning to him, made him sit down beside her on a
low seat, though Sancho, out of pure good
breeding, wanted not to sit down; the duchess,
however, told him he was to sit down as go-
vernor and talk as squire, as in both respects he
was worthy of even the chair of the Cid Ruy
Diaz the Campeador. Sancho shrugged his
shoulders, obeyed, and sat down, and all the
duchess's damsels and duennas gathered
round him, waiting in profound silence to hear
what he would say. It was the duchess, howe-
ver, who spoke first, saying:
"Now that we are alone, and that there is
nobody here to overhear us, I should be glad if
the senor governor would relieve me of certain
doubts I have, rising out of the history of the
great Don Quixote that is now in print. One is:
inasmuch as worthy Sancho never saw Dulci-
nea, I mean the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, nor
took Don Quixote's letter to her, for it was left
in the memorandum book in the Sierra Morena,
how did he dare to invent the answer and all
that about finding her sifting wheat, the whole
story being a deception and falsehood, and so
much to the prejudice of the peerless Dulcinea's
good name, a thing that is not at all becoming
the character and fidelity of a good squire?"
At these words, Sancho, without uttering
one in reply, got up from his chair, and with
noiseless steps, with his body bent and his fin-
ger on his lips, went all round the room lifting
up the hangings; and this done, he came back
to his seat and said, "Now, senora, that I have
seen that there is no one except the bystanders
listening to us on the sly, I will answer what
you have asked me, and all you may ask me,
without fear or dread. And the first thing I have
got to say is, that for my own part I hold my
master Don Quixote to be stark mad, though
sometimes he says things that, to my mind, and
indeed everybody's that listens to him, are so
wise, and run in such a straight furrow, that
Satan himself could not have said them better;
but for all that, really, and beyond all question,
it's my firm belief he is cracked. Well, then, as
this is clear to my mind, I can venture to make
him believe things that have neither head nor
tail, like that affair of the answer to the letter,
and that other of six or eight days ago, which is
not yet in history, that is to say, the affair of the
enchantment of my lady Dulcinea; for I made
him believe she is enchanted, though there's no
more truth in it than over the hills of Ubeda."
The duchess begged him to tell her about the
enchantment or deception, so Sancho told the
whole story exactly as it had happened, and his
hearers were not a little amused by it; and then
resuming, the duchess said, "In consequence of
what worthy Sancho has told me, a doubt starts
up in my mind, and there comes a kind of
whisper to my ear that says, 'If Don Quixote be
mad, crazy, and cracked, and Sancho Panza his
squire knows it, and, notwithstanding, serves
and follows him, and goes trusting to his empty
promises, there can be no doubt he must be still
madder and sillier than his master; and that
being so, it will be cast in your teeth, senora
duchess, if you give the said Sancho an island
to govern; for how will he who does not know
how to govern himself know how to govern
others?'"
"By God, senora," said Sancho, "but that
doubt comes timely; but your grace may say it
out, and speak plainly, or as you like; for I
know what you say is true, and if I were wise I
should have left my master long ago; but this
was my fate, this was my bad luck; I can't help
it, I must follow him; we're from the same vi-
llage, I've eaten his bread, I'm fond of him, I'm
grateful, he gave me his ass-colts, and above all
I'm faithful; so it's quite impossible for anyt-
hing to separate us, except the pickaxe and
shovel. And if your highness does not like to
give me the government you promised, God
made me without it, and maybe your not gi-
ving it to me will be all the better for my cons-
cience, for fool as I am I know the proverb 'to
her hurt the ant got wings,' and it may be that
Sancho the squire will get to heaven sooner
than Sancho the governor. 'They make as good
bread here as in France,' and 'by night all cats
are grey,' and 'a hard case enough his, who
hasn't broken his fast at two in the afternoon,'
and 'there's no stomach a hand's breadth bigger
than another,' and the same can be filled 'with
straw or hay,' as the saying is, and 'the little
birds of the field have God for their purveyor
and caterer,' and 'four yards of Cuenca frieze
keep one warmer than four of Segovia broad-
cloth,' and 'when we quit this world and are
put underground the prince travels by as na-
rrow a path as the journeyman,' and 'the Pope's
body does not take up more feet of earth than
the sacristan's,' for all that the one is higher
than the other; for when we go to our graves
we all pack ourselves up and make ourselves
small, or rather they pack us up and make us
small in spite of us, and then—good night to
us. And I say once more, if your ladyship does
not like to give me the island because I'm a fool,
like a wise man I will take care to give myself
no trouble about it; I have heard say that
'behind the cross there's the devil,' and that 'all
that glitters is not gold,' and that from among
the oxen, and the ploughs, and the yokes,
Wamba the husbandman was taken to be made
King of Spain, and from among brocades, and
pleasures, and riches, Roderick was taken to be
devoured by adders, if the verses of the old
ballads don't lie."
"To be sure they don't lie!" exclaimed Dona
Rodriguez, the duenna, who was one of the
listeners. "Why, there's a ballad that says they
put King Rodrigo alive into a tomb full of to-
ads, and adders, and lizards, and that two days
afterwards the king, in a plaintive, feeble voice,
cried out from within the tomb—
They gnaw me now, they gnaw me now,
There where I most did sin.
And according to that the gentleman has
good reason to say he would rather be a labou-
ring man than a king, if vermin are to eat him."
The duchess could not help laughing at the
simplicity of her duenna, or wondering at the
language and proverbs of Sancho, to whom she
said, "Worthy Sancho knows very well that
when once a knight has made a promise he
strives to keep it, though it should cost him his
life. My lord and husband the duke, though not
one of the errant sort, is none the less a knight
for that reason, and will keep his word about
the promised island, in spite of the envy and
malice of the world. Let Sancho he of good che-
er; for when he least expects it he will find him-
self seated on the throne of his island and seat
of dignity, and will take possession of his go-
vernment that he may discard it for another of
three-bordered brocade. The charge I give him
is to be careful how he governs his vassals, bea-
ring in mind that they are all loyal and well-
born."
"As to governing them well," said Sancho,
"there's no need of charging me to do that, for
I'm kind-hearted by nature, and full of compas-
sion for the poor; there's no stealing the loaf
from him who kneads and bakes;' and by my
faith it won't do to throw false dice with me; I
am an old dog, and I know all about 'tus, tus;' I
can be wide-awake if need be, and I don't let
clouds come before my eyes, for I know where
the shoe pinches me; I say so, because with me
the good will have support and protection, and
the bad neither footing nor access. And it seems
to me that, in governments, to make a begin-
ning is everything; and maybe, after having
been governor a fortnight, I'll take kindly to the
work and know more about it than the field
labour I have been brought up to."
"You are right, Sancho," said the duchess,
"for no one is born ready taught, and the bis-
hops are made out of men and not out of sto-
nes. But to return to the subject we were dis-
cussing just now, the enchantment of the lady
Dulcinea, I look upon it as certain, and somet-
hing more than evident, that Sancho's idea of
practising a deception upon his master, making
him believe that the peasant girl was Dulcinea
and that if he did not recognise her it must be
because she was enchanted, was all a device of
one of the enchanters that persecute Don
Quixote. For in truth and earnest, I know from
good authority that the coarse country wench
who jumped up on the ass was and is Dulcinea
del Toboso, and that worthy Sancho, though he
fancies himself the deceiver, is the one that is
deceived; and that there is no more reason to
doubt the truth of this, than of anything else we
never saw. Senor Sancho Panza must know that
we too have enchanters here that are well dis-
posed to us, and tell us what goes on in the
world, plainly and distinctly, without subterfu-
ge or deception; and believe me, Sancho, that
agile country lass was and is Dulcinea del To-
boso, who is as much enchanted as the mother
that bore her; and when we least expect it, we
shall see her in her own proper form, and then
Sancho will be disabused of the error he is un-
der at present."
"All that's very possible," said Sancho Panza;
"and now I'm willing to believe what my mas-
ter says about what he saw in the cave of Mon-
tesinos, where he says he saw the lady Dulcinea
del Toboso in the very same dress and apparel
that I said I had seen her in when I enchanted
her all to please myself. It must be all exactly
the other way, as your ladyship says; because it
is impossible to suppose that out of my poor
wit such a cunning trick could be concocted in
a moment, nor do I think my master is so mad
that by my weak and feeble persuasion he
could be made to believe a thing so out of all
reason. But, senora, your excellence must not
therefore think me ill-disposed, for a dolt like
me is not bound to see into the thoughts and
plots of those vile enchanters. I invented all that
to escape my master's scolding, and not with
any intention of hurting him; and if it has tur-
ned out differently, there is a God in heaven
who judges our hearts."
"That is true," said the duchess; "but tell me,
Sancho, what is this you say about the cave of
Montesinos, for I should like to know."
Sancho upon this related to her, word for
word, what has been said already touching that
adventure, and having heard it the duchess
said, "From this occurrence it may be inferred
that, as the great Don Quixote says he saw the-
re the same country wench Sancho saw on the
way from El Toboso, it is, no doubt, Dulcinea,
and that there are some very active and excee-
dingly busy enchanters about."
"So I say," said Sancho, "and if my lady Dul-
cinea is enchanted, so much the worse for her,
and I'm not going to pick a quarrel with my
master's enemies, who seem to be many and
spiteful. The truth is that the one I saw was a
country wench, and I set her down to be a
country wench; and if that was Dulcinea it
must not be laid at my door, nor should I be
called to answer for it or take the consequences.
But they must go nagging at me at every step—
'Sancho said it, Sancho did it, Sancho here, San-
cho there,' as if Sancho was nobody at all, and
not that same Sancho Panza that's now going
all over the world in books, so Samson Carras-
co told me, and he's at any rate one that's a ba-
chelor of Salamanca; and people of that sort
can't lie, except when the whim seizes them or
they have some very good reason for it. So the-
re's no occasion for anybody to quarrel with
me; and then I have a good character, and, as I
have heard my master say, 'a good name is bet-
ter than great riches;' let them only stick me
into this government and they'll see wonders,
for one who has been a good squire will be a
good governor."
"All worthy Sancho's observations," said the
duchess, "are Catonian sentences, or at any rate
out of the very heart of Michael Verino himself,
who florentibus occidit annis. In fact, to speak
in his own style, 'under a bad cloak there's of-
ten a good drinker.'"
"Indeed, senora," said Sancho, "I never yet
drank out of wickedness; from thirst I have
very likely, for I have nothing of the hypocrite
in me; I drink when I'm inclined, or, if I'm not
inclined, when they offer it to me, so as not to
look either strait-laced or ill-bred; for when a
friend drinks one's health what heart can be so
hard as not to return it? But if I put on my sho-
es I don't dirty them; besides, squires to
knights-errant mostly drink water, for they are
always wandering among woods, forests and
meadows, mountains and crags, without a drop
of wine to be had if they gave their eyes for it."
"So I believe," said the duchess; "and now let
Sancho go and take his sleep, and we will talk
by-and-by at greater length, and settle how he
may soon go and stick himself into the go-
vernment, as he says."
Sancho once more kissed the duchess's
hand, and entreated her to let good care be ta-
ken of his Dapple, for he was the light of his
eyes.
"What is Dapple?" said the duchess.
"My ass," said Sancho, "which, not to men-
tion him by that name, I'm accustomed to call
Dapple; I begged this lady duenna here to take
care of him when I came into the castle, and she
got as angry as if I had said she was ugly or
old, though it ought to be more natural and
proper for duennas to feed asses than to orna-
ment chambers. God bless me! what a spite a
gentleman of my village had against these la-
dies!"
"He must have been some clown," said Dona
Rodriguez the duenna; "for if he had been a
gentleman and well-born he would have exal-
ted them higher than the horns of the moon."
"That will do," said the duchess; "no more of
this; hush, Dona Rodriguez, and let Senor Pan-
za rest easy and leave the treatment of Dapple
in my charge, for as he is a treasure of Sancho's,
I'll put him on the apple of my eye."
"It will be enough for him to be in the sta-
ble," said Sancho, "for neither he nor I are
worthy to rest a moment in the apple of your
highness's eye, and I'd as soon stab myself as
consent to it; for though my master says that in
civilities it is better to lose by a card too many
than a card too few, when it comes to civilities
to asses we must mind what we are about and
keep within due bounds."
"Take him to your government, Sancho,"
said the duchess, "and there you will be able to
make as much of him as you like, and even
release him from work and pension him off."
"Don't think, senora duchess, that you have
said anything absurd," said Sancho; "I have
seen more than two asses go to governments,
and for me to take mine with me would be not-
hing new."
Sancho's words made the duchess laugh
again and gave her fresh amusement, and dis-
missing him to sleep she went away to tell the
duke the conversation she had had with him,
and between them they plotted and arranged to
play a joke upon Don Quixote that was to be a
rare one and entirely in knight-errantry style,
and in that same style they practised several
upon him, so much in keeping and so clever
that they form the best adventures this great
history contains.
 CHAPTER XXXIV.

WHICH RELATES HOW THEY LE-

ARNED THE WAY IN WHICH THEY
WERE TO DISENCHANT THE PEER-
LESS DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO,
WHICH IS ONE OF THE RAREST AD-
VENTURES IN THIS BOOK

Great was the pleasure the duke and du-

chess took in the conversation of Don Quixote
and Sancho Panza; and, more bent than ever
upon the plan they had of practising some jo-
kes upon them that should have the look and
appearance of adventures, they took as their
basis of action what Don Quixote had already
told them about the cave of Montesinos, in or-
der to play him a famous one. But what the
duchess marvelled at above all was that San-
cho's simplicity could be so great as to make
him believe as absolute truth that Dulcinea had
been enchanted, when it was he himself who
had been the enchanter and trickster in the bu-
siness. Having, therefore, instructed their ser-
vants in everything they were to do, six days
afterwards they took him out to hunt, with as
great a retinue of huntsmen and beaters as a
crowned king.
They presented Don Quixote with a hunting
suit, and Sancho with another of the finest gre-
en cloth; but Don Quixote declined to put his
on, saying that he must soon return to the hard
pursuit of arms, and could not carry wardrobes
or stores with him. Sancho, however, took what
they gave him, meaning to sell it the first op-
portunity.
The appointed day having arrived, Don
Quixote armed himself, and Sancho arrayed
himself, and mounted on his Dapple (for he
would not give him up though they offered
him a horse), he placed himself in the midst of
the troop of huntsmen. The duchess came out
splendidly attired, and Don Quixote, in pure
courtesy and politeness, held the rein of her
palfrey, though the duke wanted not to allow
him; and at last they reached a wood that lay
between two high mountains, where, after oc-
cupying various posts, ambushes, and paths,
and distributing the party in different posi-
tions, the hunt began with great noise, shou-
ting, and hallooing, so that, between the baying
of the hounds and the blowing of the horns,
they could not hear one another. The duchess
dismounted, and with a sharp boar-spear in her
hand posted herself where she knew the wild
boars were in the habit of passing. The duke
and Don Quixote likewise dismounted and
placed themselves one at each side of her. San-
cho took up a position in the rear of all without
dismounting from Dapple, whom he dared not
desert lest some mischief should befall him.
Scarcely had they taken their stand in a line
with several of their servants, when they saw a
huge boar, closely pressed by the hounds and
followed by the huntsmen, making towards
them, grinding his teeth and tusks, and scatte-
ring foam from his mouth. As soon as he saw
him Don Quixote, bracing his shield on his
arm, and drawing his sword, advanced to meet
him; the duke with boar-spear did the same;
but the duchess would have gone in front of
them all had not the duke prevented her. San-
cho alone, deserting Dapple at the sight of the
mighty beast, took to his heels as hard as he
could and strove in vain to mount a tall oak. As
he was clinging to a branch, however, half-way
up in his struggle to reach the top, the bough,
such was his ill-luck and hard fate, gave way,
and caught in his fall by a broken limb of the
oak, he hung suspended in the air unable to
reach the ground. Finding himself in this posi-
tion, and that the green coat was beginning to
tear, and reflecting that if the fierce animal ca-
me that way he might be able to get at him, he
began to utter such cries, and call for help so
earnestly, that all who heard him and did not
see him felt sure he must be in the teeth of so-
me wild beast. In the end the tusked boar fell
pierced by the blades of the many spears they
held in front of him; and Don Quixote, turning
round at the cries of Sancho, for he knew by
them that it was he, saw him hanging from the
oak head downwards, with Dapple, who did
not forsake him in his distress, close beside
him; and Cide Hamete observes that he seldom
saw Sancho Panza without seeing Dapple, or
Dapple without seeing Sancho Panza; such was
their attachment and loyalty one to the other.
Don Quixote went over and unhooked Sancho,
who, as soon as he found himself on the
ground, looked at the rent in his huntingcoat
and was grieved to the heart, for he thought he
had got a patrimonial estate in that suit.
Meanwhile they had slung the mighty boar
across the back of a mule, and having covered
it with sprigs of rosemary and branches of myr-
tle, they bore it away as the spoils of victory to
some large field-tents which had been pitched
in the middle of the wood, where they found
the tables laid and dinner served, in such grand
and sumptuous style that it was easy to see the
rank and magnificence of those who had pro-
vided it. Sancho, as he showed the rents in his
torn suit to the duchess, observed, "If we had
been hunting hares, or after small birds, my
coat would have been safe from being in the
plight it's in; I don't know what pleasure one
can find in lying in wait for an animal that may
take your life with his tusk if he gets at you. I
recollect having heard an old ballad sung that
says,
By bears be thou devoured, as erst
Was famous Favila."
"That," said Don Quixote, "was a Gothic
king, who, going a-hunting, was devoured by a
bear."
"Just so," said Sancho; "and I would not have
kings and princes expose themselves to such
dangers for the sake of a pleasure which, to my
mind, ought not to be one, as it consists in ki-
lling an animal that has done no harm whate-
ver."
"Quite the contrary, Sancho; you are wrong
there," said the duke; "for hunting is more sui-
table and requisite for kings and princes than
for anybody else. The chase is the emblem of
war; it has stratagems, wiles, and crafty devices
for overcoming the enemy in safety; in it ex-
treme cold and intolerable heat have to be bor-
ne, indolence and sleep are despised, the bodily
powers are invigorated, the limbs of him who
engages in it are made supple, and, in a word,
it is a pursuit which may be followed without
injury to anyone and with enjoyment to many;
and the best of it is, it is not for everybody, as
field-sports of other sorts are, except hawking,
which also is only for kings and great lords.
Reconsider your opinion therefore, Sancho, and
when you are governor take to hunting, and
you will find the good of it."
 "Nay," said Sancho, "the good governor
should have a broken leg and keep at home;" it
would be a nice thing if, after people had been
at the trouble of coming to look for him on bu-
siness, the governor were to be away in the
forest enjoying himself; the government would
go on badly in that fashion. By my faith, senor,
hunting and amusements are more fit for idlers
than for governors; what I intend to amuse my-
self with is playing all fours at Eastertime, and
bowls on Sundays and holidays; for these hun-
tings don't suit my condition or agree with my
conscience."
"God grant it may turn out so," said the du-
ke; "because it's a long step from saying to
doing."
"Be that as it may," said Sancho, "'pledges
don't distress a good payer,' and 'he whom God
helps does better than he who gets up early,'
and 'it's the tripes that carry the feet and not the
feet the tripes;' I mean to say that if God gives
me help and I do my duty honestly, no doubt
I'll govern better than a gerfalcon. Nay, let them
only put a finger in my mouth, and they'll see
whether I can bite or not."
"The curse of God and all his saints upon
thee, thou accursed Sancho!" exclaimed Don
Quixote; "when will the day come—as I have
often said to thee—when I shall hear thee make
one single coherent, rational remark without
proverbs? Pray, your highnesses, leave this fool
alone, for he will grind your souls between, not
to say two, but two thousand proverbs, drag-
ged in as much in season, and as much to the
purpose as—may God grant as much health to
him, or to me if I want to listen to them!"
"Sancho Panza's proverbs," said the duchess,
"though more in number than the Greek Com-
mander's, are not therefore less to be esteemed
for the conciseness of the maxims. For my own
part, I can say they give me more pleasure than
others that may be better brought in and more
seasonably introduced."
 In pleasant conversation of this sort they
passed out of the tent into the wood, and the
day was spent in visiting some of the posts and
hiding-places, and then night closed in, not,
however, as brilliantly or tranquilly as might
have been expected at the season, for it was
then midsummer; but bringing with it a kind of
haze that greatly aided the project of the duke
and duchess; and thus, as night began to fall,
and a little after twilight set in, suddenly the
whole wood on all four sides seemed to be on
fire, and shortly after, here, there, on all sides, a
vast number of trumpets and other military
instruments were heard, as if several troops of
cavalry were passing through the wood. The
blaze of the fire and the noise of the warlike
instruments almost blinded the eyes and dea-
fened the ears of those that stood by, and inde-
ed of all who were in the wood. Then there
were heard repeated lelilies after the fashion of
the Moors when they rush to battle; trumpets
and clarions brayed, drums beat, fifes played,
so unceasingly and so fast that he could not
have had any senses who did not lose them
with the confused din of so many instruments.
The duke was astounded, the duchess amazed,
Don Quixote wondering, Sancho Panza trem-
bling, and indeed, even they who were aware
of the cause were frightened. In their fear, si-
lence fell upon them, and a postillion, in the
guise of a demon, passed in front of them, blo-
wing, in lieu of a bugle, a huge hollow horn
that gave out a horrible hoarse note.
"Ho there! brother courier," cried the duke,
"who are you? Where are you going? What tro-
ops are these that seem to be passing through
the wood?"
To which the courier replied in a harsh, dis-
cordant voice, "I am the devil; I am in search of
Don Quixote of La Mancha; those who are co-
ming this way are six troops of enchanters, who
are bringing on a triumphal car the peerless
Dulcinea del Toboso; she comes under en-
chantment, together with the gallant French-
man Montesinos, to give instructions to Don
Quixote as to how, she the said lady, may be
disenchanted."
"If you were the devil, as you say and as
your appearance indicates," said the duke, "you
would have known the said knight Don Quixo-
te of La Mancha, for you have him here before
you."
"By God and upon my conscience," said the
devil, "I never observed it, for my mind is oc-
cupied with so many different things that I was
forgetting the main thing I came about."
"This demon must be an honest fellow and a
good Christian," said Sancho; "for if he wasn't
he wouldn't swear by God and his conscience; I
feel sure now there must be good souls even in
hell itself."
Without dismounting, the demon then tur-
ned to Don Quixote and said, "The unfortunate
but valiant knight Montesinos sends me to
thee, the Knight of the Lions (would that I saw
thee in their claws), bidding me tell thee to wait
for him wherever I may find thee, as he brings
with him her whom they call Dulcinea del To-
boso, that he may show thee what is needful in
order to disenchant her; and as I came for no
more I need stay no longer; demons of my sort
be with thee, and good angels with these gen-
tles;" and so saying he blew his huge horn, tur-
ned about and went off without waiting for a
reply from anyone.
They all felt fresh wonder, but particularly
Sancho and Don Quixote; Sancho to see how, in
defiance of the truth, they would have it that
Dulcinea was enchanted; Don Quixote because
he could not feel sure whether what had hap-
pened to him in the cave of Montesinos was
true or not; and as he was deep in these cogita-
tions the duke said to him, "Do you mean to
wait, Senor Don Quixote?"
"Why not?" replied he; "here will I wait, fear-
less and firm, though all hell should come to
attack me."
 "Well then, if I see another devil or hear
another horn like the last,
I'll wait here as much as in Flanders," said San-
cho.
Night now closed in more completely, and
many lights began to flit through the wood, just
as those fiery exhalations from the earth, that
look like shooting-stars to our eyes, flit through
the heavens; a frightful noise, too, was heard,
like that made by the solid wheels the ox-carts
usually have, by the harsh, ceaseless creaking
of which, they say, the bears and wolves are
put to flight, if there happen to be any where
they are passing. In addition to all this commo-
tion, there came a further disturbance to increa-
se the tumult, for now it seemed as if in truth,
on all four sides of the wood, four encounters
or battles were going on at the same time; in
one quarter resounded the dull noise of a terri-
ble cannonade, in another numberless muskets
were being discharged, the shouts of the com-
batants sounded almost close at hand, and fart-
her away the Moorish lelilies were raised again
and again. In a word, the bugles, the horns, the
clarions, the trumpets, the drums, the cannon,
the musketry, and above all the tremendous
noise of the carts, all made up together a din so
confused and terrific that Don Quixote had
need to summon up all his courage to brave it;
but Sancho's gave way, and he fell fainting on
the skirt of the duchess's robe, who let him lie
there and promptly bade them throw water in
his face. This was done, and he came to himself
by the time that one of the carts with the crea-
king wheels reached the spot. It was drawn by
four plodding oxen all covered with black hou-
sings; on each horn they had fixed a large ligh-
ted wax taper, and on the top of the cart was
constructed a raised seat, on which sat a vene-
rable old man with a beard whiter than the ve-
ry snow, and so long that it fell below his waist;
he was dressed in a long robe of black buc-
kram; for as the cart was thickly set with a mul-
titude of candles it was easy to make out eve-
rything that was on it. Leading it were two
hideous demons, also clad in buckram, with
countenances so frightful that Sancho, having
once seen them, shut his eyes so as not to see
them again. As soon as the cart came opposite
the spot the old man rose from his lofty seat,
and standing up said in a loud voice, "I am the
sage Lirgandeo," and without another word the
cart then passed on. Behind it came another of
the same form, with another aged man enthro-
ned, who, stopping the cart, said in a voice no
less solemn than that of the first, "I am the sage
Alquife, the great friend of Urganda the Unk-
nown," and passed on. Then another cart came
by at the same pace, but the occupant of the
throne was not old like the others, but a man
stalwart and robust, and of a forbidding coun-
tenance, who as he came up said in a voice far
hoarser and more devilish, "I am the enchanter
Archelaus, the mortal enemy of Amadis of
Gaul and all his kindred," and then passed on.
Having gone a short distance the three carts
halted and the monotonous noise of their whe-
els ceased, and soon after they heard another,
not noise, but sound of sweet, harmonious mu-
sic, of which Sancho was very glad, taking it to
be a good sign; and said he to the duchess,
from whom he did not stir a step, or for a single
instant, "Senora, where there's music there can't
be mischief."
"Nor where there are lights and it is bright,"
said the duchess; to which Sancho replied, "Fire
gives light, and it's bright where there are bon-
fires, as we see by those that are all round us
and perhaps may burn us; but music is a sign
of mirth and merrymaking."
"That remains to be seen," said Don Quixote,
who was listening to all that passed; and he
was right, as is shown in the following chapter.
 CHAPTER XXXV.

WHEREIN IS CONTINUED THE

INSTRUCTION GIVEN TO DON
QUIXOTE TOUCHING THE DISEN-
CHANTMENT OF DULCINEA, TO-
GETHER WITH OTHER MARVE-
LLOUS INCIDENTS

They saw advancing towards them, to the

sound of this pleasing music, what they call a
triumphal car, drawn by six grey mules with
white linen housings, on each of which was
mounted a penitent, robed also in white, with a
large lighted wax taper in his hand. The car
was twice or, perhaps, three times as large as
the former ones, and in front and on the sides
stood twelve more penitents, all as white as
snow and all with lighted tapers, a spectacle to
excite fear as well as wonder; and on a raised
throne was seated a nymph draped in a multi-
tude of silver-tissue veils with an embroidery
of countless gold spangles glittering all over
them, that made her appear, if not richly, at
least brilliantly, apparelled. She had her face
covered with thin transparent sendal, the textu-
re of which did not prevent the fair features of
a maiden from being distinguished, while the
numerous lights made it possible to judge of
her beauty and of her years, which seemed to
be not less than seventeen but not to have yet
reached twenty. Beside her was a figure in a
robe of state, as they call it, reaching to the feet,
while the head was covered with a black veil.
But the instant the car was opposite the duke
and duchess and Don Quixote the music of the
clarions ceased, and then that of the lutes and
harps on the car, and the figure in the robe rose
up, and flinging it apart and removing the veil
from its face, disclosed to their eyes the shape
of Death itself, fleshless and hideous, at which
sight Don Quixote felt uneasy, Sancho frighte-
ned, and the duke and duchess displayed a
certain trepidation. Having risen to its feet, this
living death, in a sleepy voice and with a ton-
gue hardly awake, held forth as follows:
I am that Merlin who the legends say
The devil had for father, and the lie
Hath gathered credence with the lapse of time.
Of magic prince, of Zoroastric lore
Monarch and treasurer, with jealous eye
I view the efforts of the age to hide
The gallant deeds of doughty errant knights,
Who are, and ever have been, dear to me.
Enchanters and magicians and their kind
Are mostly hard of heart; not so am I;
For mine is tender, soft, compassionate,
And its delight is doing good to all.
In the dim caverns of the gloomy Dis,
Where, tracing mystic lines and characters,
My soul abideth now, there came to me
The sorrow-laden plaint of her, the fair,
The peerless Dulcinea del Toboso.
I knew of her enchantment and her fate,
From high-born dame to peasant wench trans-
formed
And touched with pity, first I turned the leaves
Of countless volumes of my devilish craft,
And then, in this grim grisly skeleton
Myself encasing, hither have I come
To show where lies the fitting remedy
To give relief in such a piteous case.
O thou, the pride and pink of all that wear
The adamantine steel! O shining light,
O beacon, polestar, path and guide of all
Who, scorning slumber and the lazy down,
Adopt the toilsome life of bloodstained arms!
To thee, great hero who all praise transcends,
La Mancha's lustre and Iberia's star,
Don Quixote, wise as brave, to thee I say—
For peerless Dulcinea del Toboso
Her pristine form and beauty to regain,
'T is needful that thy esquire Sancho shall,
On his own sturdy buttocks bared to heaven,
Three thousand and three hundred lashes lay,
And that they smart and sting and hurt him
well.
Thus have the authors of her woe resolved.
And this is, gentles, wherefore I have come.
"By all that's good," exclaimed Sancho at
this, "I'll just as soon give myself three stabs
with a dagger as three, not to say three thou-
sand, lashes. The devil take such a way of di-
senchanting! I don't see what my backside has
got to do with enchantments. By God, if Senor
Merlin has not found out some other way of
disenchanting the lady Dulcinea del Toboso,
she may go to her grave enchanted."
"But I'll take you, Don Clown stuffed with
garlic," said Don Quixote, "and tie you to a tree
as naked as when your mother brought you
forth, and give you, not to say three thousand
three hundred, but six thousand six hundred
lashes, and so well laid on that they won't be
got rid of if you try three thousand three hun-
dred times; don't answer me a word or I'll tear
your soul out."
 On hearing this Merlin said, "That will not
do, for the lashes worthy Sancho has to receive
must be given of his own free will and not by
force, and at whatever time he pleases, for there
is no fixed limit assigned to him; but it is per-
mitted him, if he likes to commute by half the
pain of this whipping, to let them be given by
the hand of another, though it may be somew-
hat weighty."
"Not a hand, my own or anybody else's,
weighty or weighable, shall touch me," said
Sancho. "Was it I that gave birth to the lady
Dulcinea del Toboso, that my backside is to pay
for the sins of her eyes? My master, indeed,
that's a part of her—for, he's always calling her
'my life' and 'my soul,' and his stay and prop—
may and ought to whip himself for her and
take all the trouble required for her disen-
chantment. But for me to whip myself! Aber-
nuncio!"
As soon as Sancho had done speaking the
nymph in silver that was at the side of Merlin's
ghost stood up, and removing the thin veil
from her face disclosed one that seemed to all
something more than exceedingly beautiful;
and with a masculine freedom from emba-
rrassment and in a voice not very like a lady's,
addressing Sancho directly, said, "Thou wret-
ched squire, soul of a pitcher, heart of a cork
tree, with bowels of flint and pebbles; if, thou
impudent thief, they bade thee throw thyself
down from some lofty tower; if, enemy of
mankind, they asked thee to swallow a dozen
of toads, two of lizards, and three of adders; if
they wanted thee to slay thy wife and children
with a sharp murderous scimitar, it would be
no wonder for thee to show thyself stubborn
and squeamish. But to make a piece of work
about three thousand three hundred lashes,
what every poor little charity-boy gets every
month—it is enough to amaze, astonish, as-
tound the compassionate bowels of all who
hear it, nay, all who come to hear it in the cour-
se of time. Turn, O miserable, hard-hearted
animal, turn, I say, those timorous owl's eyes
upon these of mine that are compared to ra-
diant stars, and thou wilt see them weeping
trickling streams and rills, and tracing furrows,
tracks, and paths over the fair fields of my che-
eks. Let it move thee, crafty, ill-conditioned
monster, to see my blooming youth—still in its
teens, for I am not yet twenty—wasting and
withering away beneath the husk of a rude
peasant wench; and if I do not appear in that
shape now, it is a special favour Senor Merlin
here has granted me, to the sole end that my
beauty may soften thee; for the tears of beauty
in distress turn rocks into cotton and tigers into
ewes. Lay on to that hide of thine, thou great
untamed brute, rouse up thy lusty vigour that
only urges thee to eat and eat, and set free the
softness of my flesh, the gentleness of my natu-
re, and the fairness of my face. And if thou wilt
not relent or come to reason for me, do so for
the sake of that poor knight thou hast beside
thee; thy master I mean, whose soul I can this
moment see, how he has it stuck in his throat
not ten fingers from his lips, and only waiting
for thy inflexible or yielding reply to make its
escape by his mouth or go back again into his
stomach."
Don Quixote on hearing this felt his throat,
and turning to the duke he said, "By God, se-
nor, Dulcinea says true, I have my soul stuck
here in my throat like the nut of a crossbow."
"What say you to this, Sancho?" said the du-
chess.
"I say, senora," returned Sancho, "what I said
before; as for the lashes, abernuncio!"
"Abrenuncio, you should say, Sancho, and
not as you do," said the duke.
"Let me alone, your highness," said Sancho.
"I'm not in a humour now to look into niceties
or a letter more or less, for these lashes that are
to be given me, or I'm to give myself, have so
upset me, that I don't know what I'm saying or
doing. But I'd like to know of this lady, my lady
Dulcinea del Toboso, where she learned this
way she has of asking favours. She comes to
ask me to score my flesh with lashes, and she
calls me soul of a pitcher, and great untamed
brute, and a string of foul names that the devil
is welcome to. Is my flesh brass? or is it anyt-
hing to me whether she is enchanted or not?
Does she bring with her a basket of fair linen,
shirts, kerchiefs, socks-not that wear any—to
coax me? No, nothing but one piece of abuse
after another, though she knows the proverb
they have here that 'an ass loaded with gold
goes lightly up a mountain,' and that 'gifts bre-
ak rocks,' and 'praying to God and plying the
hammer,' and that 'one "take" is better than two
"I'll give thee's."' Then there's my master, who
ought to stroke me down and pet me to make
me turn wool and carded cotton; he says if he
gets hold of me he'll tie me naked to a tree and
double the tale of lashes on me. These tender-
hearted gentry should consider that it's not
merely a squire, but a governor they are asking
to whip himself; just as if it was 'drink with
cherries.' Let them learn, plague take them, the
right way to ask, and beg, and behave themsel-
ves; for all times are not alike, nor are people
always in good humour. I'm now ready to
burst with grief at seeing my green coat torn,
and they come to ask me to whip myself of my
own free will, I having as little fancy for it as
for turning cacique."
"Well then, the fact is, friend Sancho," said
the duke, "that unless you become softer than a
ripe fig, you shall not get hold of the govern-
ment. It would be a nice thing for me to send
my islanders a cruel governor with flinty bo-
wels, who won't yield to the tears of afflicted
damsels or to the prayers of wise, magisterial,
ancient enchanters and sages. In short, Sancho,
either you must be whipped by yourself, or
they must whip you, or you shan't be gover-
nor."
"Senor," said Sancho, "won't two days' grace
be given me in which to consider what is best
for me?"
 "No, certainly not," said Merlin; "here, this
minute, and on the spot, the matter must be
settled; either Dulcinea will return to the cave
of Montesinos and to her former condition of
peasant wench, or else in her present form shall
be carried to the Elysian fields, where she will
remain waiting until the number of stripes is
completed."
"Now then, Sancho!" said the duchess,
"show courage, and gratitude for your master
Don Quixote's bread that you have eaten; we
are all bound to oblige and please him for his
benevolent disposition and lofty chivalry. Con-
sent to this whipping, my son; to the devil with
the devil, and leave fear to milksops, for 'a stout
heart breaks bad luck,' as you very well know."
To this Sancho replied with an irrelevant
remark, which, addressing Merlin, he made to
him, "Will your worship tell me, Senor Mer-
lin—when that courier devil came up he gave
my master a message from Senor Montesinos,
charging him to wait for him here, as he was
coming to arrange how the lady Dona Dulcinea
del Toboso was to be disenchanted; but up to
the present we have not seen Montesinos, nor
anything like him."
To which Merlin made answer, "The devil,
Sancho, is a blockhead and a great scoundrel; I
sent him to look for your master, but not with a
message from Montesinos but from myself; for
Montesinos is in his cave expecting, or more
properly speaking, waiting for his disenchant-
ment; for there's the tail to be skinned yet for
him; if he owes you anything, or you have any
business to transact with him, I'll bring him to
you and put him where you choose; but for the
present make up your mind to consent to this
penance, and believe me it will be very good
for you, for soul as well for body—for your
soul because of the charity with which you per-
form it, for your body because I know that you
are of a sanguine habit and it will do you no
harm to draw a little blood."
 "There are a great many doctors in the
world; even the enchanters are doctors," said
Sancho; "however, as everybody tells me the
same thing—though I can't see it myself—I say
I am willing to give myself the three thousand
three hundred lashes, provided I am to lay
them on whenever I like, without any fixing of
days or times; and I'll try and get out of debt as
quickly as I can, that the world may enjoy the
beauty of the lady Dulcinea del Toboso; as it
seems, contrary to what I thought, that she is
beautiful after all. It must be a condition, too,
that I am not to be bound to draw blood with
the scourge, and that if any of the lashes hap-
pen to be fly-flappers they are to count. Item,
that, in case I should make any mistake in the
reckoning, Senor Merlin, as he knows everyt-
hing, is to keep count, and let me know how
many are still wanting or over the number."
"There will be no need to let you know of
any over," said Merlin, "because, when you
reach the full number, the lady Dulcinea will at
once, and that very instant, be disenchanted,
and will come in her gratitude to seek out the
worthy Sancho, and thank him, and even re-
ward him for the good work. So you have no
cause to be uneasy about stripes too many or
too few; heaven forbid I should cheat anyone of
even a hair of his head."
"Well then, in God's hands be it," said San-
cho; "in the hard case I'm in
I give in; I say I accept the penance on the con-
ditions laid down."
The instant Sancho uttered these last words
the music of the clarions struck up once more,
and again a host of muskets were discharged,
and Don Quixote hung on Sancho's neck kis-
sing him again and again on the forehead and
cheeks. The duchess and the duke expressed
the greatest satisfaction, the car began to move
on, and as it passed the fair Dulcinea bowed to
the duke and duchess and made a low curtsey
to Sancho.
 And now bright smiling dawn came on apa-
ce; the flowers of the field, revived, raised up
their heads, and the crystal waters of the bro-
oks, murmuring over the grey and white peb-
bles, hastened to pay their tribute to the expec-
tant rivers; the glad earth, the unclouded sky,
the fresh breeze, the clear light, each and all
showed that the day that came treading on the
skirts of morning would be calm and bright.
The duke and duchess, pleased with their hunt
and at having carried out their plans so cleverly
and successfully, returned to their castle resol-
ved to follow up their joke; for to them there
was no reality that could afford them more
amusement.
 CHAPTER XXXVI.

WHEREIN IS RELATED THE

STRANGE AND UNDREAMT-OF AD-
VENTURE OF THE DISTRESSED
DUENNA, ALIAS THE COUNTESS
TRIFALDI, TOGETHER WITH A LET-
TER WHICH SANCHO PANZA WRO-
TE TO HIS WIFE, TERESA PANZA

The duke had a majordomo of a very face-

tious and sportive turn, and he it was that pla-
yed the part of Merlin, made all the arrange-
ments for the late adventure, composed the
verses, and got a page to represent Dulcinea;
and now, with the assistance of his master and
mistress, he got up another of the drollest and
strangest contrivances that can be imagined.
 The duchess asked Sancho the next day if he
had made a beginning with his penance task
which he had to perform for the disenchant-
ment of Dulcinea. He said he had, and had gi-
ven himself five lashes overnight.
The duchess asked him what he had given
them with.
He said with his hand.
"That," said the duchess, "is more like giving
oneself slaps than lashes; I am sure the sage
Merlin will not be satisfied with such tender-
ness; worthy Sancho must make a scourge with
claws, or a cat-o'-nine tails, that will make itself
felt; for it's with blood that letters enter, and the
release of so great a lady as Dulcinea will not
be granted so cheaply, or at such a paltry price;
and remember, Sancho, that works of charity
done in a lukewarm and half-hearted way are
without merit and of no avail."
To which Sancho replied, "If your ladyship
will give me a proper scourge or cord, I'll lay
on with it, provided it does not hurt too much;
for you must know, boor as I am, my flesh is
more cotton than hemp, and it won't do for me
to destroy myself for the good of anybody else."
"So be it by all means," said the duchess;
"tomorrow I'll give you a scourge that will be
just the thing for you, and will accommodate
itself to the tenderness of your flesh, as if it was
its own sister."
Then said Sancho, "Your highness must
know, dear lady of my soul, that I have a letter
written to my wife, Teresa Panza, giving her an
account of all that has happened me since I left
her; I have it here in my bosom, and there's
nothing wanting but to put the address to it; I'd
be glad if your discretion would read it, for I
think it runs in the governor style; I mean the
way governors ought to write."
"And who dictated it?" asked the duchess.
"Who should have dictated but myself, sin-
ner as I am?" said Sancho.
"And did you write it yourself?" said the du-
chess.
 "That I didn't," said Sancho; "for I can neither
read nor write, though I can sign my name."
"Let us see it," said the duchess, "for never
fear but you display in it the quality and quan-
tity of your wit."
Sancho drew out an open letter from his bo-
som, and the duchess, taking it, found it ran in
this fashion:

SANCHO PANZA'S LETTER TO HIS

WIFE, TERESA PANZA
If I was well whipped I went mounted like a
gentleman; if I have got a good government it is
at the cost of a good whipping. Thou wilt not
understand this just now, my Teresa; by-and-
by thou wilt know what it means. I may tell
thee, Teresa, I mean thee to go in a coach, for
that is a matter of importance, because every
other way of going is going on all-fours. Thou
art a governor's wife; take care that nobody
speaks evil of thee behind thy back. I send thee
here a green hunting suit that my lady the du-
chess gave me; alter it so as to make a petticoat
and bodice for our daughter. Don Quixote, my
master, if I am to believe what I hear in these
parts, is a madman of some sense, and a droll
blockhead, and I am no way behind him. We
have been in the cave of Montesinos, and the
sage Merlin has laid hold of me for the disen-
chantment of Dulcinea del Toboso, her that is
called Aldonza Lorenzo over there. With three
thousand three hundred lashes, less five, that
I'm to give myself, she will be left as entirely
disenchanted as the mother that bore her. Say
nothing of this to anyone; for, make thy affairs
public, and some will say they are white and
others will say they are black. I shall leave this
in a few days for my government, to which I
am going with a mighty great desire to make
money, for they tell me all new governors set
out with the same desire; I will feel the pulse of
it and will let thee know if thou art to come and
live with me or not. Dapple is well and sends
many remembrances to thee; I am not going to
leave him behind though they took me away to
be Grand Turk. My lady the duchess kisses thy
hands a thousand times; do thou make a return
with two thousand, for as my master says, not-
hing costs less or is cheaper than civility. God
has not been pleased to provide another valise
for me with another hundred crowns, like the
one the other day; but never mind, my Teresa,
the bell-ringer is in safe quarters, and all will
come out in the scouring of the government;
only it troubles me greatly what they tell me—
that once I have tasted it I will eat my hands off
after it; and if that is so it will not come very
cheap to me; though to be sure the maimed
have a benefice of their own in the alms they
beg for; so that one way or another thou wilt be
rich and in luck. God give it to thee as he can,
and keep me to serve thee. From this castle, the
20th of July, 1614.
Thy husband, the governor.
 SANCHO PANZA

When she had done reading the letter the

duchess said to Sancho, "On two points the
worthy governor goes rather astray; one is in
saying or hinting that this government has been
bestowed upon him for the lashes that he is to
give himself, when he knows (and he cannot
deny it) that when my lord the duke promised
it to him nobody ever dreamt of such a thing as
lashes; the other is that he shows himself here
to be very covetous; and I would not have him
a money-seeker, for 'covetousness bursts the
bag,' and the covetous governor does ungover-
ned justice."
"I don't mean it that way, senora," said San-
cho; "and if you think the letter doesn't run as it
ought to do, it's only to tear it up and make
another; and maybe it will be a worse one if it is
left to my gumption."
 "No, no," said the duchess, "this one will do,
and I wish the duke to see it."
With this they betook themselves to a gar-
den where they were to dine, and the duchess
showed Sancho's letter to the duke, who was
highly delighted with it. They dined, and after
the cloth had been removed and they had amu-
sed themselves for a while with Sancho's rich
conversation, the melancholy sound of a fife
and harsh discordant drum made itself heard.
All seemed somewhat put out by this dull, con-
fused, martial harmony, especially Don Quixo-
te, who could not keep his seat from pure dis-
quietude; as to Sancho, it is needless to say that
fear drove him to his usual refuge, the side or
the skirts of the duchess; and indeed and in
truth the sound they heard was a most doleful
and melancholy one. While they were still in
uncertainty they saw advancing towards them
through the garden two men clad in mourning
robes so long and flowing that they trailed
upon the ground. As they marched they beat
two great drums which were likewise draped
in black, and beside them came the fife player,
black and sombre like the others. Following
these came a personage of gigantic stature en-
veloped rather than clad in a gown of the dee-
pest black, the skirt of which was of prodigious
dimensions. Over the gown, girdling or cros-
sing his figure, he had a broad baldric which
was also black, and from which hung a huge
scimitar with a black scabbard and furniture.
He had his face covered with a transparent
black veil, through which might be descried a
very long beard as white as snow. He came on
keeping step to the sound of the drums with
great gravity and dignity; and, in short, his sta-
ture, his gait, the sombreness of his appearance
and his following might well have struck with
astonishment, as they did, all who beheld him
without knowing who he was. With this mea-
sured pace and in this guise he advanced to
kneel before the duke, who, with the others,
awaited him standing. The duke, however,
would not on any account allow him to speak
until he had risen. The prodigious scarecrow
obeyed, and standing up, removed the veil
from his face and disclosed the most enormous,
the longest, the whitest and the thickest beard
that human eyes had ever beheld until that
moment, and then fetching up a grave, sono-
rous voice from the depths of his broad, capa-
cious chest, and fixing his eyes on the duke, he
said:
"Most high and mighty senor, my name is
Trifaldin of the White Beard; I am squire to the
Countess Trifaldi, otherwise called the Distres-
sed Duenna, on whose behalf I bear a message
to your highness, which is that your magnifi-
cence will be pleased to grant her leave and
permission to come and tell you her trouble,
which is one of the strangest and most wonder-
ful that the mind most familiar with trouble in
the world could have imagined; but first she
desires to know if the valiant and never van-
quished knight, Don Quixote of La Mancha, is
in this your castle, for she has come in quest of
him on foot and without breaking her fast from
the kingdom of Kandy to your realms here; a
thing which may and ought to be regarded as a
miracle or set down to enchantment; she is
even now at the gate of this fortress or plaisan-
ce, and only waits for your permission to enter.
I have spoken." And with that he coughed, and
stroked down his beard with both his hands,
and stood very tranquilly waiting for the res-
ponse of the duke, which was to this effect:
"Many days ago, worthy squire Trifaldin of the
White Beard, we heard of the misfortune of my
lady the Countess Trifaldi, whom the enchan-
ters have caused to be called the Distressed
Duenna. Bid her enter, O stupendous squire,
and tell her that the valiant knight Don Quixote
of La Mancha is here, and from his generous
disposition she may safely promise herself eve-
ry protection and assistance; and you may tell
her, too, that if my aid be necessary it will not
be withheld, for I am bound to give it to her by
my quality of knight, which involves the pro-
tection of women of all sorts, especially wido-
wed, wronged, and distressed dames, such as
her ladyship seems to be."
On hearing this Trifaldin bent the knee to
the ground, and making a sign to the fifer and
drummers to strike up, he turned and marched
out of the garden to the same notes and at the
same pace as when he entered, leaving them all
amazed at his bearing and solemnity. Turning
to Don Quixote, the duke said, "After all, re-
nowned knight, the mists of malice and igno-
rance are unable to hide or obscure the light of
valour and virtue. I say so, because your exce-
llence has been barely six days in this castle,
and already the unhappy and the afflicted co-
me in quest of you from lands far distant and
remote, and not in coaches or on dromedaries,
but on foot and fasting, confident that in that
mighty arm they will find a cure for their so-
rrows and troubles; thanks to your great achie-
vements, which are circulated all over the
known earth."
"I wish, senor duke," replied Don Quixote,
"that blessed ecclesiastic, who at table the other
day showed such ill-will and bitter spite
against knights-errant, were here now to see
with his own eyes whether knights of the sort
are needed in the world; he would at any rate
learn by experience that those suffering any
extraordinary affliction or sorrow, in extreme
cases and unusual misfortunes do not go to
look for a remedy to the houses of jurists or
village sacristans, or to the knight who has ne-
ver attempted to pass the bounds of his own
town, or to the indolent courtier who only se-
eks for news to repeat and talk of, instead of
striving to do deeds and exploits for others to
relate and record. Relief in distress, help in ne-
ed, protection for damsels, consolation for wi-
dows, are to be found in no sort of persons bet-
ter than in knights-errant; and I give unceasing
thanks to heaven that I am one, and regard any
misfortune or suffering that may befall me in
the pursuit of so honourable a calling as endu-
red to good purpose. Let this duenna come and
ask what she will, for I will effect her relief by
the might of my arm and the dauntless resolu-
tion of my bold heart."

CHAPTER XXXVII.

WHEREIN IS CONTINUED THE

NOTABLE ADVENTURE OF THE DIS-
TRESSED DUENNA

The duke and duchess were extremely glad

to see how readily Don Quixote fell in with
their scheme; but at this moment Sancho obser-
ved, "I hope this senora duenna won't be put-
ting any difficulties in the way of the promise
of my government; for I have heard a Toledo
apothecary, who talked like a goldfinch, say
that where duennas were mixed up nothing
good could happen. God bless me, how he
hated them, that same apothecary! And so what
I'm thinking is, if all duennas, of whatever sort
or condition they may be, are plagues and bu-
sybodies, what must they be that are distressed,
like this Countess Three-skirts or Three-tails!—
for in my country skirts or tails, tails or skirts,
it's all one."
"Hush, friend Sancho," said Don Quixote;
"since this lady duenna comes in quest of me
from such a distant land she cannot be one of
those the apothecary meant; moreover this is a
countess, and when countesses serve as duen-
nas it is in the service of queens and empresses,
for in their own houses they are mistresses pa-
ramount and have other duennas to wait on
them."
 To this Dona Rodriguez, who was present,
made answer, "My lady the duchess has duen-
nas in her service that might be countesses if it
was the will of fortune; 'but laws go as kings
like;' let nobody speak ill of duennas, above all
of ancient maiden ones; for though I am not
one myself, I know and am aware of the advan-
tage a maiden duenna has over one that is a
widow; but 'he who clipped us has kept the
scissors.'"
"For all that," said Sancho, "there's so much
to be clipped about duennas, so my barber said,
that 'it will be better not to stir the rice even
though it sticks.'"
"These squires," returned Dona Rodriguez,
"are always our enemies; and as they are the
haunting spirits of the antechambers and watch
us at every step, whenever they are not saying
their prayers (and that's often enough) they
spend their time in tattling about us, digging
up our bones and burying our good name. But I
can tell these walking blocks that we will live in
spite of them, and in great houses too, though
we die of hunger and cover our flesh, be it deli-
cate or not, with widow's weeds, as one covers
or hides a dunghill on a procession day. By my
faith, if it were permitted me and time allowed,
I could prove, not only to those here present,
but to all the world, that there is no virtue that
is not to be found in a duenna."
"I have no doubt," said the duchess, "that my
good Dona Rodriguez is right, and very much
so; but she had better bide her time for fighting
her own battle and that of the rest of the duen-
nas, so as to crush the calumny of that vile
apothecary, and root out the prejudice in the
great Sancho Panza's mind."
To which Sancho replied, "Ever since I have
sniffed the governorship I have got rid of the
humours of a squire, and I don't care a wild fig
for all the duennas in the world."
They would have carried on this duenna
dispute further had they not heard the notes of
the fife and drums once more, from which they
concluded that the Distressed Duenna was ma-
king her entrance. The duchess asked the duke
if it would be proper to go out to receive her, as
she was a countess and a person of rank.
"In respect of her being a countess," said
Sancho, before the duke could reply, "I am for
your highnesses going out to receive her; but in
respect of her being a duenna, it is my opinion
you should not stir a step."
"Who bade thee meddle in this, Sancho?"
said Don Quixote.
"Who, senor?" said Sancho; "I meddle for I
have a right to meddle, as a squire who has
learned the rules of courtesy in the school of
your worship, the most courteous and best-
bred knight in the whole world of courtliness;
and in these things, as I have heard your wors-
hip say, as much is lost by a card too many as
by a card too few, and to one who has his ears
open, few words."
 "Sancho is right," said the duke; "we'll see
what the countess is like, and by that measure
the courtesy that is due to her."
And now the drums and fife made their en-
trance as before; and here the author brought
this short chapter to an end and began the next,
following up the same adventure, which is one
of the most notable in the history.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

WHEREIN IS TOLD THE DISTRES-

SED DUENNA'S TALE OF HER MIS-
FORTUNES

Following the melancholy musicians there

filed into the garden as many as twelve duen-
nas, in two lines, all dressed in ample mour-
ning robes apparently of milled serge, with
hoods of fine white gauze so long that they
allowed only the border of the robe to be seen.
Behind them came the Countess Trifaldi, the
squire Trifaldin of the White Beard leading her
by the hand, clad in the finest unnapped black
baize, such that, had it a nap, every tuft would
have shown as big as a Martos chickpea; the
tail, or skirt, or whatever it might be called,
ended in three points which were borne up by
the hands of three pages, likewise dressed in
mourning, forming an elegant geometrical fi-
gure with the three acute angles made by the
three points, from which all who saw the pea-
ked skirt concluded that it must be because of it
the countess was called Trifaldi, as though it
were Countess of the Three Skirts; and Benen-
geli says it was so, and that by her right name
she was called the Countess Lobuna, because
wolves bred in great numbers in her country;
and if, instead of wolves, they had been foxes,
she would have been called the Countess Zo-
rruna, as it was the custom in those parts for
lords to take distinctive titles from the thing or
things most abundant in their dominions; this
countess, however, in honour of the new fas-
hion of her skirt, dropped Lobuna and took up
Trifaldi.
The twelve duennas and the lady came on at
procession pace, their faces being covered with
black veils, not transparent ones like Trifaldin's,
but so close that they allowed nothing to be
seen through them. As soon as the band of
duennas was fully in sight, the duke, the du-
chess, and Don Quixote stood up, as well as all
who were watching the slow-moving proces-
sion. The twelve duennas halted and formed a
lane, along which the Distressed One advan-
ced, Trifaldin still holding her hand. On seeing
this the duke, the duchess, and Don Quixote
went some twelve paces forward to meet her.
She then, kneeling on the ground, said in a voi-
ce hoarse and rough, rather than fine and deli-
cate, "May it please your highnesses not to offer
such courtesies to this your servant, I should
say to this your handmaid, for I am in such
distress that I shall never be able to make a
proper return, because my strange and unpara-
lleled misfortune has carried off my wits, and I
know not whither; but it must be a long way
off, for the more I look for them the less I find
them."
"He would be wanting in wits, senora coun-
tess," said the duke, "who did not perceive your
worth by your person, for at a glance it may be
seen it deserves all the cream of courtesy and
flower of polite usage;" and raising her up by
the hand he led her to a seat beside the du-
chess, who likewise received her with great
urbanity. Don Quixote remained silent, while
Sancho was dying to see the features of Trifaldi
and one or two of her many duennas; but there
was no possibility of it until they themselves
displayed them of their own accord and free
will.
 All kept still, waiting to see who would bre-
ak silence, which the Distressed Duenna did in
these words: "I am confident, most mighty lord,
most fair lady, and most discreet company, that
my most miserable misery will be accorded a
reception no less dispassionate than generous
and condolent in your most valiant bosoms, for
it is one that is enough to melt marble, soften
diamonds, and mollify the steel of the most
hardened hearts in the world; but ere it is pro-
claimed to your hearing, not to say your ears, I
would fain be enlightened whether there be
present in this society, circle, or company, that
knight immaculatissimus, Don Quixote de la
Manchissima, and his squirissimus Panza."
"The Panza is here," said Sancho, before an-
yone could reply, "and Don Quixotissimus too;
and so, most distressedest Duenissima, you
may say what you willissimus, for we are all
readissimus to do you any servissimus."
On this Don Quixote rose, and addressing
the Distressed Duenna, said, "If your sorrows,
afflicted lady, can indulge in any hope of relief
from the valour or might of any knight-errant,
here are mine, which, feeble and limited
though they be, shall be entirely devoted to
your service. I am Don Quixote of La Mancha,
whose calling it is to give aid to the needy of all
sorts; and that being so, it is not necessary for
you, senora, to make any appeal to benevolen-
ce, or deal in preambles, only to tell your woes
plainly and straightforwardly: for you have
hearers that will know how, if not to remedy
them, to sympathise with them."
On hearing this, the Distressed Duenna ma-
de as though she would throw herself at Don
Quixote's feet, and actually did fall before them
and said, as she strove to embrace them, "Befo-
re these feet and legs I cast myself, O uncon-
quered knight, as before, what they are, the
foundations and pillars of knight-errantry; the-
se feet I desire to kiss, for upon their steps
hangs and depends the sole remedy for my
misfortune, O valorous errant, whose veritable
achievements leave behind and eclipse the fa-
bulous ones of the Amadises, Esplandians, and
Belianises!" Then turning from Don Quixote to
Sancho Panza, and grasping his hands, she
said, "O thou, most loyal squire that ever ser-
ved knight-errant in this present age or ages
past, whose goodness is more extensive than
the beard of Trifaldin my companion here of
present, well mayest thou boast thyself that, in
serving the great Don Quixote, thou art ser-
ving, summed up in one, the whole host of
knights that have ever borne arms in the world.
I conjure thee, by what thou owest to thy most
loyal goodness, that thou wilt become my kind
intercessor with thy master, that he speedily
give aid to this most humble and most unfor-
tunate countess."
To this Sancho made answer, "As to my go-
odness, senora, being as long and as great as
your squire's beard, it matters very little to me;
may I have my soul well bearded and mousta-
ched when it comes to quit this life, that's the
point; about beards here below I care little or
nothing; but without all these blandishments
and prayers, I will beg my master (for I know
he loves me, and, besides, he has need of me
just now for a certain business) to help and aid
your worship as far as he can; unpack your
woes and lay them before us, and leave us to
deal with them, for we'll be all of one mind."
The duke and duchess, as it was they who
had made the experiment of this adventure,
were ready to burst with laughter at all this,
and between themselves they commended the
clever acting of the Trifaldi, who, returning to
her seat, said, "Queen Dona Maguncia reigned
over the famous kingdom of Kandy, which lies
between the great Trapobana and the Southern
Sea, two leagues beyond Cape Comorin. She
was the widow of King Archipiela, her lord
and husband, and of their marriage they had
issue the Princess Antonomasia, heiress of the
kingdom; which Princess Antonomasia was
reared and brought up under my care and di-
rection, I being the oldest and highest in rank of
her mother's duennas. Time passed, and the
young Antonomasia reached the age of fourte-
en, and such a perfection of beauty, that nature
could not raise it higher. Then, it must not be
supposed her intelligence was childish; she was
as intelligent as she was fair, and she was fairer
than all the world; and is so still, unless the
envious fates and hard-hearted sisters three
have cut for her the thread of life. But that they
have not, for Heaven will not suffer so great a
wrong to Earth, as it would be to pluck unripe
the grapes of the fairest vineyard on its surface.
Of this beauty, to which my poor feeble tongue
has failed to do justice, countless princes, not
only of that country, but of others, were ena-
moured, and among them a private gentleman,
who was at the court, dared to raise his
thoughts to the heaven of so great beauty, trus-
ting to his youth, his gallant bearing, his nume-
rous accomplishments and graces, and his
quickness and readiness of wit; for I may tell
your highnesses, if I am not wearying you, that
he played the guitar so as to make it speak, and
he was, besides, a poet and a great dancer, and
he could make birdcages so well, that by ma-
king them alone he might have gained a liveli-
hood, had he found himself reduced to utter
poverty; and gifts and graces of this kind are
enough to bring down a mountain, not to say a
tender young girl. But all his gallantry, wit, and
gaiety, all his graces and accomplishments,
would have been of little or no avail towards
gaining the fortress of my pupil, had not the
impudent thief taken the precaution of gaining
me over first. First, the villain and heartless
vagabond sought to win my good-will and
purchase my compliance, so as to get me, like a
treacherous warder, to deliver up to him the
keys of the fortress I had in charge. In a word,
he gained an influence over my mind, and
overcame my resolutions with I know not what
trinkets and jewels he gave me; but it was some
verses I heard him singing one night from a
grating that opened on the street where he li-
ved, that, more than anything else, made me
give way and led to my fall; and if I remember
rightly they ran thus:
From that sweet enemy of mine
My bleeding heart hath had its wound;
And to increase the pain I'm bound
To suffer and to make no sign.
The lines seemed pearls to me and his voice
sweet as syrup; and afterwards, I may say ever
since then, looking at the misfortune into which
I have fallen, I have thought that poets, as Plato
advised, ought to be banished from all well-
ordered States; at least the amatory ones, for
they write verses, not like those of 'The Mar-
quis of Mantua,' that delight and draw tears
from the women and children, but sharp-
pointed conceits that pierce the heart like soft
thorns, and like the lightning strike it, leaving
the raiment uninjured. Another time he sang:
Come Death, so subtly veiled that I
Thy coming know not, how or when,
 Lest it should give me life again
To find how sweet it is to die.
—and other verses and burdens of the same
sort, such as enchant when sung and fascinate
when written. And then, when they condes-
cend to compose a sort of verse that was at that
time in vogue in Kandy, which they call segui-
dillas! Then it is that hearts leap and laughter
breaks forth, and the body grows restless and
all the senses turn quicksilver. And so I say,
sirs, that these troubadours richly deserve to be
banished to the isles of the lizards. Though it is
not they that are in fault, but the simpletons
that extol them, and the fools that believe in
them; and had I been the faithful duenna I
should have been, his stale conceits would have
never moved me, nor should I have been taken
in by such phrases as 'in death I live,' 'in ice I
burn,' 'in flames I shiver,' 'hopeless I hope,' 'I go
and stay,' and paradoxes of that sort which
their writings are full of. And then when they
promise the Phoenix of Arabia, the crown of
Ariadne, the horses of the Sun, the pearls of the
South, the gold of Tibar, and the balsam of
Panchaia! Then it is they give a loose to their
pens, for it costs them little to make promises
they have no intention or power of fulfilling.
But where am I wandering to? Woe is me, un-
fortunate being! What madness or folly leads
me to speak of the faults of others, when there
is so much to be said about my own? Again,
woe is me, hapless that I am! it was not verses
that conquered me, but my own simplicity; it
was not music made me yield, but my own
imprudence; my own great ignorance and little
caution opened the way and cleared the path
for Don Clavijo's advances, for that was the
name of the gentleman I have referred to; and
so, with my help as go-between, he found his
way many a time into the chamber of the de-
ceived Antonomasia (deceived not by him but
by me) under the title of a lawful husband; for,
sinner though I was, would not have allowed
him to approach the edge of her shoe-sole wit-
hout being her husband. No, no, not that; ma-
rriage must come first in any business of this
sort that I take in hand. But there was one hitch
in this case, which was that of inequality of
rank, Don Clavijo being a private gentleman,
and the Princess Antonomasia, as I said, heiress
to the kingdom. The entanglement remained
for some time a secret, kept hidden by my cun-
ning precautions, until I perceived that a cer-
tain expansion of waist in Antonomasia must
before long disclose it, the dread of which ma-
de us all there take counsel together, and it was
agreed that before the mischief came to light,
Don Clavijo should demand Antonomasia as
his wife before the Vicar, in virtue of an agree-
ment to marry him made by the princess, and
drafted by my wit in such binding terms that
the might of Samson could not have broken it.
The necessary steps were taken; the Vicar saw
the agreement, and took the lady's confession;
she confessed everything in full, and he orde-
red her into the custody of a very worthy al-
guacil of the court."
"Are there alguacils of the court in Kandy,
too," said Sancho at this, "and poets, and segui-
dillas? I swear I think the world is the same all
over! But make haste, Senora Trifaldi; for it is
late, and I am dying to know the end of this
long story."
"I will," replied the countess.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

IN WHICH THE TRIFALDI CONTI-

NUES HER MARVELLOUS AND ME-
MORABLE STORY
 By every word that Sancho uttered, the du-
chess was as much delighted as Don Quixote
was driven to desperation. He bade him hold
his tongue, and the Distressed One went on to
say: "At length, after much questioning and
answering, as the princess held to her story,
without changing or varying her previous de-
claration, the Vicar gave his decision in favour
of Don Clavijo, and she was delivered over to
him as his lawful wife; which the Queen Dona
Maguncia, the Princess Antonomasia's mother,
so took to heart, that within the space of three
days we buried her."
"She died, no doubt," said Sancho.
"Of course," said Trifaldin; "they don't bury
living people in Kandy, only the dead."
"Senor Squire," said Sancho, "a man in a
swoon has been known to be buried before
now, in the belief that he was dead; and it
struck me that Queen Maguncia ought to have
swooned rather than died; because with life a
great many things come right, and the prin-
cess's folly was not so great that she need feel it
so keenly. If the lady had married some page of
hers, or some other servant of the house, as
many another has done, so I have heard say,
then the mischief would have been past curing.
But to marry such an elegant accomplished
gentleman as has been just now described to
us—indeed, indeed, though it was a folly, it
was not such a great one as you think; for ac-
cording to the rules of my master here—and he
won't allow me to lie—as of men of letters bis-
hops are made, so of gentlemen knights, specia-
lly if they be errant, kings and emperors may
be made."
"Thou art right, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"for with a knight-errant, if he has but two fin-
gers' breadth of good fortune, it is on the cards
to become the mightiest lord on earth. But let
senora the Distressed One proceed; for I sus-
pect she has got yet to tell us the bitter part of
this so far sweet story."
 "The bitter is indeed to come," said the coun-
tess; "and such bitter that colocynth is sweet
and oleander toothsome in comparison. The
queen, then, being dead, and not in a swoon,
we buried her; and hardly had we covered her
with earth, hardly had we said our last fare-
wells, when, quis talia fando temperet a lach-
rymis? over the queen's grave there appeared,
mounted upon a wooden horse, the giant Ma-
lambruno, Maguncia's first cousin, who besides
being cruel is an enchanter; and he, to revenge
the death of his cousin, punish the audacity of
Don Clavijo, and in wrath at the contumacy of
Antonomasia, left them both enchanted by his
art on the grave itself; she being changed into
an ape of brass, and he into a horrible crocodile
of some unknown metal; while between the
two there stands a pillar, also of metal, with
certain characters in the Syriac language inscri-
bed upon it, which, being translated into Kan-
dian, and now into Castilian, contain the follo-
wing sentence: 'These two rash lovers shall not
recover their former shape until the valiant
Manchegan comes to do battle with me in sin-
gle combat; for the Fates reserve this unexam-
pled adventure for his mighty valour alone.'
This done, he drew from its sheath a huge bro-
ad scimitar, and seizing me by the hair he made
as though he meant to cut my throat and shear
my head clean off. I was terror-stricken, my
voice stuck in my throat, and I was in the dee-
pest distress; nevertheless I summoned up my
strength as well as I could, and in a trembling
and piteous voice I addressed such words to
him as induced him to stay the infliction of a
punishment so severe. He then caused all the
duennas of the palace, those that are here pre-
sent, to be brought before him; and after having
dwelt upon the enormity of our offence, and
denounced duennas, their characters, their evil
ways and worse intrigues, laying to the charge
of all what I alone was guilty of, he said he
would not visit us with capital punishment, but
with others of a slow nature which would be in
effect civil death for ever; and the very instant
he ceased speaking we all felt the pores of our
faces opening, and pricking us, as if with the
points of needles. We at once put our hands up
to our faces and found ourselves in the state
you now see."
Here the Distressed One and the other
duennas raised the veils with which they were
covered, and disclosed countenances all bris-
tling with beards, some red, some black, some
white, and some grizzled, at which spectacle
the duke and duchess made a show of being
filled with wonder. Don Quixote and Sancho
were overwhelmed with amazement, and the
bystanders lost in astonishment, while the Tri-
faldi went on to say: "Thus did that malevolent
villain Malambruno punish us, covering the
tenderness and softness of our faces with these
rough bristles! Would to heaven that he had
swept off our heads with his enormous scimitar
instead of obscuring the light of our countenan-
ces with these wool-combings that cover us!
For if we look into the matter, sirs (and what I
am now going to say I would say with eyes
flowing like fountains, only that the thought of
our misfortune and the oceans they have alrea-
dy wept, keep them as dry as barley spears,
and so I say it without tears), where, I ask, can a
duenna with a beard to to? What father or mot-
her will feel pity for her? Who will help her?
For, if even when she has a smooth skin, and a
face tortured by a thousand kinds of washes
and cosmetics, she can hardly get anybody to
love her, what will she do when she shows a
countenace turned into a thicket? Oh duennas,
companions mine! it was an unlucky moment
when we were born and an ill-starred hour
when our fathers begot us!" And as she said
this she showed signs of being about to faint.
 CHAPTER XL.

OF MATTERS RELATING AND BE-

LONGING TO THIS ADVENTURE
AND TO THIS MEMORABLE HISTO-
RY

Verily and truly all those who find pleasure

in histories like this ought show their gratitude
to Cide Hamete, its original author, for the
scrupulous care he has taken to set before us all
its minute particulars, not leaving anything,
however trifling it may be, that he does not
make clear and plain. He portrays the thoughts,
he reveals the fancies, he answers implied ques-
tions, clears up doubts, sets objections at rest,
and, in a word, makes plain the smallest points
the most inquisitive can desire to know. O re-
nowned author! O happy Don Quixote! O fa-
mous famous droll Sancho! All and each, may
ye live countless ages for the delight and amu-
sement of the dwellers on earth!
The history goes on to say that when Sancho
saw the Distressed One faint he exclaimed: "I
swear by the faith of an honest man and the
shades of all my ancestors the Panzas, that ne-
ver I did see or hear of, nor has my master rela-
ted or conceived in his mind, such an adventu-
re as this. A thousand devils—not to curse
thee—take thee, Malambruno, for an enchanter
and a giant! Couldst thou find no other sort of
punishment for these sinners but bearding
them? Would it not have been better—it would
have been better for them—to have taken off
half their noses from the middle upwards, even
though they'd have snuffled when they spoke,
than to have put beards on them? I'll bet they
have not the means of paying anybody to shave
them."
"That is the truth, senor," said one of the
twelve; "we have not the money to get oursel-
ves shaved, and so we have, some of us, taken
to using sticking-plasters by way of an econo-
mical remedy, for by applying them to our fa-
ces and plucking them off with a jerk we are
left as bare and smooth as the bottom of a stone
mortar. There are, to be sure, women in Kandy
that go about from house to house to remove
down, and trim eyebrows, and make cosmetics
for the use of the women, but we, the duennas
of my lady, would never let them in, for most
of them have a flavour of agents that have cea-
sed to be principals; and if we are not relieved
by Senor Don Quixote we shall be carried to
our graves with beards."
"I will pluck out my own in the land of the
Moors," said Don Quixote, "if
I don't cure yours."
At this instant the Trifaldi recovered from
her swoon and said, "The chink of that promise,
valiant knight, reached my ears in the midst of
my swoon, and has been the means of reviving
me and bringing back my senses; and so once
more I implore you, illustrious errant, indomi-
table sir, to let your gracious promises be tur-
ned into deeds."
"There shall be no delay on my part," said
Don Quixote. "Bethink you, senora, of what I
must do, for my heart is most eager to serve
you."
"The fact is," replied the Distressed One, "it
is five thousand leagues, a couple more or less,
from this to the kingdom of Kandy, if you go
by land; but if you go through the air and in a
straight line, it is three thousand two hundred
and twenty-seven. You must know, too, that
Malambruno told me that, whenever fate pro-
vided the knight our deliverer, he himself
would send him a steed far better and with less
tricks than a post-horse; for he will be that same
wooden horse on which the valiant Pierres ca-
rried off the fair Magalona; which said horse is
guided by a peg he has in his forehead that
serves for a bridle, and flies through the air
with such rapidity that you would fancy the
very devils were carrying him. This horse, ac-
cording to ancient tradition, was made by Mer-
lin. He lent him to Pierres, who was a friend of
his, and who made long journeys with him,
and, as has been said, carried off the fair Maga-
lona, bearing her through the air on its haun-
ches and making all who beheld them from the
earth gape with astonishment; and he never
lent him save to those whom he loved or those
who paid him well; and since the great Pierres
we know of no one having mounted him until
now. From him Malambruno stole him by his
magic art, and he has him now in his posses-
sion, and makes use of him in his journeys
which he constantly makes through different
parts of the world; he is here to-day, to-morrow
in France, and the next day in Potosi; and the
best of it is the said horse neither eats nor sle-
eps nor wears out shoes, and goes at an am-
bling pace through the air without wings, so
that he whom he has mounted upon him can
carry a cup full of water in his hand without
spilling a drop, so smoothly and easily does he
go, for which reason the fair Magalona enjoyed
riding him greatly."
"For going smoothly and easily," said San-
cho at this, "give me my Dapple, though he
can't go through the air; but on the ground I'll
back him against all the amblers in the world."
They all laughed, and the Distressed One
continued: "And this same horse, if so be that
Malambruno is disposed to put an end to our
sufferings, will be here before us ere the night
shall have advanced half an hour; for he an-
nounced to me that the sign he would give me
whereby I might know that I had found the
knight I was in quest of, would be to send me
the horse wherever he might be, speedily and
promptly."
"And how many is there room for on this
horse?" asked Sancho.
"Two," said the Distressed One, "one in the
saddle, and the other on the croup; and genera-
lly these two are knight and squire, when there
is no damsel that's being carried off."
"I'd like to know, Senora Distressed One,"
said Sancho, "what is the name of this horse?"
"His name," said the Distressed One, "is not
the same as Bellerophon's horse that was called
Pegasus, or Alexander the Great's, called Bu-
cephalus, or Orlando Furioso's, the name of
which was Brigliador, nor yet Bayard, the horse
of Reinaldos of Montalvan, nor Frontino like
Ruggiero's, nor Bootes or Peritoa, as they say
the horses of the sun were called, nor is he ca-
lled Orelia, like the horse on which the unfor-
tunate Rodrigo, the last king of the Goths, rode
to the battle where he lost his life and his king-
dom."
"I'll bet," said Sancho, "that as they have gi-
ven him none of these famous names of well-
known horses, no more have they given him
the name of my master's Rocinante, which for
being apt surpasses all that have been mentio-
ned."
 "That is true," said the bearded countess,
"still it fits him very well, for he is called Clavi-
leno the Swift, which name is in accordance
with his being made of wood, with the peg he
has in his forehead, and with the swift pace at
which he travels; and so, as far as name goes,
he may compare with the famous Rocinante."
"I have nothing to say against his name,"
said Sancho; "but with what sort of bridle or
halter is he managed?"
"I have said already," said the Trifaldi, "that
it is with a peg, by turning which to one side or
the other the knight who rides him makes him
go as he pleases, either through the upper air,
or skimming and almost sweeping the earth, or
else in that middle course that is sought and
followed in all well-regulated proceedings."
"I'd like to see him," said Sancho; "but to fan-
cy I'm going to mount him, either in the saddle
or on the croup, is to ask pears of the elm tree.
A good joke indeed! I can hardly keep my seat
upon Dapple, and on a pack-saddle softer than
silk itself, and here they'd have me hold on
upon haunches of plank without pad or cus-
hion of any sort! Gad, I have no notion of brui-
sing myself to get rid of anyone's beard; let
each one shave himself as best he can; I'm not
going to accompany my master on any such
long journey; besides, I can't give any help to
the shaving of these beards as I can to the di-
senchantment of my lady Dulcinea."
"Yes, you can, my friend," replied the Trifal-
di; "and so much, that without you, so I unders-
tand, we shall be able to do nothing."
"In the king's name!" exclaimed Sancho,
"what have squires got to do with the adventu-
res of their masters? Are they to have the fame
of such as they go through, and we the labour?
Body o' me! if the historians would only say,
'Such and such a knight finished such and such
an adventure, but with the help of so and so,
his squire, without which it would have been
impossible for him to accomplish it;' but they
write curtly, "Don Paralipomenon of the Three
Stars accomplished the adventure of the six
monsters;' without mentioning such a person as
his squire, who was there all the time, just as if
there was no such being. Once more, sirs, I say
my master may go alone, and much good may
it do him; and I'll stay here in the company of
my lady the duchess; and maybe when he co-
mes back, he will find the lady Dulcinea's affair
ever so much advanced; for I mean in leisure
hours, and at idle moments, to give myself a
spell of whipping without so much as a hair to
cover me."
"For all that you must go if it be necessary,
my good Sancho," said the duchess, "for they
are worthy folk who ask you; and the faces of
these ladies must not remain overgrown in this
way because of your idle fears; that would be a
hard case indeed."
"In the king's name, once more!" said San-
cho; "If this charitable work were to be done for
the sake of damsels in confinement or charity-
girls, a man might expose himself to some
hardships; but to bear it for the sake of strip-
ping beards off duennas! Devil take it! I'd soo-
ner see them all bearded, from the highest to
the lowest, and from the most prudish to the
most affected."
"You are very hard on duennas, Sancho my
friend," said the duchess; "you incline very
much to the opinion of the Toledo apothecary.
But indeed you are wrong; there are duennas in
my house that may serve as patterns of duen-
nas; and here is my Dona Rodriguez, who will
not allow me to say otherwise."
"Your excellence may say it if you like," said
the Rodriguez; "for God knows the truth of
everything; and whether we duennas are good
or bad, bearded or smooth, we are our mothers'
daughters like other women; and as God sent
us into the world, he knows why he did, and
on his mercy I rely, and not on anybody's be-
ard."
"Well, Senora Rodriguez, Senora Trifaldi,
and present company," said Don Quixote, "I
trust in Heaven that it will look with kindly
eyes upon your troubles, for Sancho will do as I
bid him. Only let Clavileno come and let me
find myself face to face with Malambruno, and
I am certain no razor will shave you more easi-
ly than my sword shall shave Malambruno's
head off his shoulders; for 'God bears with the
wicked, but not for ever."
"Ah!" exclaimed the Distressed One at this,
"may all the stars of the celestial regions look
down upon your greatness with benign eyes,
valiant knight, and shed every prosperity and
valour upon your heart, that it may be the
shield and safeguard of the abused and down-
trodden race of duennas, detested by apotheca-
ries, sneered at by squires, and made game of
by pages. Ill betide the jade that in the flower of
her youth would not sooner become a nun than
a duenna! Unfortunate beings that we are, we
duennas! Though we may be descended in the
direct male line from Hector of Troy himself,
our mistresses never fail to address us as 'you'
if they think it makes queens of them. O giant
Malambruno, though thou art an enchanter,
thou art true to thy promises. Send us now the
peerless Clavileno, that our misfortune may be
brought to an end; for if the hot weather sets in
and these beards of ours are still there, alas for
our lot!"
The Trifaldi said this in such a pathetic way
that she drew tears from the eyes of all and
even Sancho's filled up; and he resolved in his
heart to accompany his master to the uttermost
ends of the earth, if so be the removal of the
wool from those venerable countenances de-
pended upon it.
 CHAPTER XLI.

OF THE ARRIVAL OF CLAVILENO

AND THE END OF THIS PROTRAC-
TED ADVENTURE

And now night came, and with it the ap-

pointed time for the arrival of the famous horse
Clavileno, the non-appearance of which was
already beginning to make Don Quixote unea-
sy, for it struck him that, as Malambruno was
so long about sending it, either he himself was
not the knight for whom the adventure was
reserved, or else Malambruno did not dare to
meet him in single combat. But lo! suddenly
there came into the garden four wild-men all
clad in green ivy bearing on their shoulders a
great wooden horse. They placed it on its feet
on the ground, and one of the wild-men said,
"Let the knight who has heart for it mount this
machine."
Here Sancho exclaimed, "I don't mount, for
neither have I the heart nor am I a knight."
"And let the squire, if he has one," continued
the wild-man, "take his seat on the croup, and
let him trust the valiant Malambruno; for by no
sword save his, nor by the malice of any other,
shall he be assailed. It is but to turn this peg the
horse has in his neck, and he will bear them
through the air to where Malambruno awaits
them; but lest the vast elevation of their course
should make them giddy, their eyes must be
covered until the horse neighs, which will be
the sign of their having completed their jour-
ney."
With these words, leaving Clavileno behind
them, they retired with easy dignity the way
they came. As soon as the Distressed One saw
the horse, almost in tears she exclaimed to Don
Quixote, "Valiant knight, the promise of Ma-
lambruno has proved trustworthy; the horse
has come, our beards are growing, and by eve-
ry hair in them all of us implore thee to shave
and shear us, as it is only mounting him with
thy squire and making a happy beginning with
your new journey."
"That I will, Senora Countess Trifaldi," said
Don Quixote, "most gladly and with right go-
odwill, without stopping to take a cushion or
put on my spurs, so as not to lose time, such is
my desire to see you and all these duennas
shaved clean."
"That I won't," said Sancho, "with good-will
or bad-will, or any way at all; and if this sha-
ving can't be done without my mounting on the
croup, my master had better look out for anot-
her squire to go with him, and these ladies for
some other way of making their faces smooth;
I'm no witch to have a taste for travelling
through the air. What would my islanders say
when they heard their governor was going,
strolling about on the winds? And another
thing, as it is three thousand and odd leagues
from this to Kandy, if the horse tires, or the
giant takes huff, we'll be half a dozen years
getting back, and there won't be isle or island in
the world that will know me: and so, as it is a
common saying 'in delay there's danger,' and
'when they offer thee a heifer run with a halter,'
these ladies' beards must excuse me; 'Saint Pe-
ter is very well in Rome;' I mean I am very well
in this house where so much is made of me,
and I hope for such a good thing from the mas-
ter as to see myself a governor."
"Friend Sancho," said the duke at this, "the
island that I have promised you is not a moving
one, or one that will run away; it has roots so
deeply buried in the bowels of the earth that it
will be no easy matter to pluck it up or shift it
from where it is; you know as well as I do that
there is no sort of office of any importance that
is not obtained by a bribe of some kind, great or
small; well then, that which I look to receive for
this government is that you go with your mas-
ter Don Quixote, and bring this memorable
adventure to a conclusion; and whether you
return on Clavileno as quickly as his speed se-
ems to promise, or adverse fortune brings you
back on foot travelling as a pilgrim from hostel
to hostel and from inn to inn, you will always
find your island on your return where you left
it, and your islanders with the same eagerness
they have always had to receive you as their
governor, and my good-will will remain the
same; doubt not the truth of this, Senor Sancho,
for that would be grievously wronging my dis-
position to serve you."
"Say no more, senor," said Sancho; "I am a
poor squire and not equal to carrying so much
courtesy; let my master mount; bandage my
eyes and commit me to God's care, and tell me
if I may commend myself to our Lord or call
upon the angels to protect me when we go to-
wering up there."
To this the Trifaldi made answer, "Sancho,
you may freely commend yourself to God or
whom you will; for Malambruno though an
enchanter is a Christian, and works his en-
chantments with great circumspection, taking
very good care not to fall out with anyone."
"Well then," said Sancho, "God and the most
holy Trinity of Gaeta give me help!"
"Since the memorable adventure of the fu-
lling mills," said Don Quixote, "I have never
seen Sancho in such a fright as now; were I as
superstitious as others his abject fear would
cause me some little trepidation of spirit. But
come here, Sancho, for with the leave of these
gentles I would say a word or two to thee in
private;" and drawing Sancho aside among the
trees of the garden and seizing both his hands
he said, "Thou seest, brother Sancho, the long
journey we have before us, and God knows
when we shall return, or what leisure or oppor-
tunities this business will allow us; I wish thee
therefore to retire now to thy chamber, as
though thou wert going to fetch something
required for the road, and in a trice give thyself
if it be only five hundred lashes on account of
the three thousand three hundred to which
thou art bound; it will be all to the good, and to
make a beginning with a thing is to have it half
finished."
"By God," said Sancho, "but your worship
must be out of your senses! This is like the
common saying, 'You see me with child, and
you want me a virgin.' Just as I'm about to go
sitting on a bare board, your worship would
have me score my backside! Indeed, your
worship is not reasonable. Let us be off to sha-
ve these duennas; and on our return I promise
on my word to make such haste to wipe off all
that's due as will satisfy your worship; I can't
say more."
"Well, I will comfort myself with that promi-
se, my good Sancho," replied Don Quixote,
"and I believe thou wilt keep it; for indeed
though stupid thou art veracious."
"I'm not voracious," said Sancho, "only pec-
kish; but even if I was a little, still I'd keep my
word."
 With this they went back to mount Clavile-
no, and as they were about to do so Don Quixo-
te said, "Cover thine eyes, Sancho, and mount;
for one who sends for us from lands so far dis-
tant cannot mean to deceive us for the sake of
the paltry glory to be derived from deceiving
persons who trust in him; though all should
turn out the contrary of what I hope, no malice
will be able to dim the glory of having under-
taken this exploit."
"Let us be off, senor," said Sancho, "for I
have taken the beards and tears of these ladies
deeply to heart, and I shan't eat a bit to relish it
until I have seen them restored to their former
smoothness. Mount, your worship, and blind-
fold yourself, for if I am to go on the croup, it is
plain the rider in the saddle must mount first."
"That is true," said Don Quixote, and, taking
a handkerchief out of his pocket, he begged the
Distressed One to bandage his eyes very care-
fully; but after having them bandaged he unco-
vered them again, saying, "If my memory does
not deceive me, I have read in Virgil of the Pa-
lladium of Troy, a wooden horse the Greeks
offered to the goddess Pallas, which was big
with armed knights, who were afterwards the
destruction of Troy; so it would be as well to
see, first of all, what Clavileno has in his sto-
mach."
"There is no occasion," said the Distressed
One; "I will be bail for him, and I know that
Malambruno has nothing tricky or treacherous
about him; you may mount without any fear,
Senor Don Quixote; on my head be it if any
harm befalls you."
Don Quixote thought that to say anything
further with regard to his safety would be put-
ting his courage in an unfavourable light; and
so, without more words, he mounted Clavileno,
and tried the peg, which turned easily; and as
he had no stirrups and his legs hung down, he
looked like nothing so much as a figure in some
Roman triumph painted or embroidered on a
Flemish tapestry.
 Much against the grain, and very slowly,
Sancho proceeded to mount, and, after settling
himself as well as he could on the croup, found
it rather hard, and not at all soft, and asked the
duke if it would be possible to oblige him with
a pad of some kind, or a cushion; even if it were
off the couch of his lady the duchess, or the bed
of one of the pages; as the haunches of that hor-
se were more like marble than wood. On this
the Trifaldi observed that Clavileno would not
bear any kind of harness or trappings, and that
his best plan would be to sit sideways like a
woman, as in that way he would not feel the
hardness so much.
Sancho did so, and, bidding them farewell,
allowed his eyes to be bandaged, but immedia-
tely afterwards uncovered them again, and
looking tenderly and tearfully on those in the
garden, bade them help him in his present
strait with plenty of Paternosters and Ave Ma-
rias, that God might provide some one to say as
many for them, whenever they found themsel-
ves in a similar emergency.
At this Don Quixote exclaimed, "Art thou on
the gallows, thief, or at thy last moment, to use
pitiful entreaties of that sort? Cowardly, spiri-
tless creature, art thou not in the very place the
fair Magalona occupied, and from which she
descended, not into the grave, but to become
Queen of France; unless the histories lie? And I
who am here beside thee, may I not put myself
on a par with the valiant Pierres, who pressed
this very spot that I now press? Cover thine
eyes, cover thine eyes, abject animal, and let not
thy fear escape thy lips, at least in my presen-
ce."
"Blindfold me," said Sancho; "as you won't
let me commend myself or be commended to
God, is it any wonder if I am afraid there is a
region of devils about here that will carry us off
to Peralvillo?"
They were then blindfolded, and Don
Quixote, finding himself settled to his satisfac-
tion, felt for the peg, and the instant he placed
his fingers on it, all the duennas and all who
stood by lifted up their voices exclaiming, "God
guide thee, valiant knight! God be with thee,
intrepid squire! Now, now ye go cleaving the
air more swiftly than an arrow! Now ye begin
to amaze and astonish all who are gazing at
you from the earth! Take care not to wobble
about, valiant Sancho! Mind thou fall not, for
thy fall will be worse than that rash youth's
who tried to steer the chariot of his father the
Sun!"
As Sancho heard the voices, clinging tightly
to his master and winding his arms round him,
he said, "Senor, how do they make out we are
going up so high, if their voices reach us here
and they seem to be speaking quite close to
us?"
"Don't mind that, Sancho," said Don Quixo-
te; "for as affairs of this sort, and flights like this
are out of the common course of things, you
can see and hear as much as you like a thou-
sand leagues off; but don't squeeze me so tight
or thou wilt upset me; and really I know not
what thou hast to be uneasy or frightened at,
for I can safely swear I never mounted a smo-
other-going steed all the days of my life; one
would fancy we never stirred from one place.
Banish fear, my friend, for indeed everything is
going as it ought, and we have the wind as-
tern."
"That's true," said Sancho, "for such a strong
wind comes against me on this side, that it se-
ems as if people were blowing on me with a
thousand pair of bellows;" which was the case;
they were puffing at him with a great pair of
bellows; for the whole adventure was so well
planned by the duke, the duchess, and their
majordomo, that nothing was omitted to make
it perfectly successful.
Don Quixote now, feeling the blast, said,
"Beyond a doubt, Sancho, we must have alrea-
dy reached the second region of the air, where
the hail and snow are generated; the thunder,
the lightning, and the thunderbolts are engen-
dered in the third region, and if we go on as-
cending at this rate, we shall shortly plunge
into the region of fire, and I know not how to
regulate this peg, so as not to mount up where
we shall be burned."
And now they began to warm their faces,
from a distance, with tow that could be easily
set on fire and extinguished again, fixed on the
end of a cane. On feeling the heat Sancho said,
"May I die if we are not already in that fire pla-
ce, or very near it, for a good part of my beard
has been singed, and I have a mind, senor, to
uncover and see whereabouts we are."
"Do nothing of the kind," said Don Quixote;
"remember the true story of the licentiate To-
rralva that the devils carried flying through the
air riding on a stick with his eyes shut; who in
twelve hours reached Rome and dismounted at
Torre di Nona, which is a street of the city, and
saw the whole sack and storming and the death
of Bourbon, and was back in Madrid the next
morning, where he gave an account of all he
had seen; and he said moreover that as he was
going through the air, the devil bade him open
his eyes, and he did so, and saw himself so near
the body of the moon, so it seemed to him, that
he could have laid hold of it with his hand, and
that he did not dare to look at the earth lest he
should be seized with giddiness. So that, San-
cho, it will not do for us to uncover ourselves,
for he who has us in charge will be responsible
for us; and perhaps we are gaining an altitude
and mounting up to enable us to descend at
one swoop on the kingdom of Kandy, as the
saker or falcon does on the heron, so as to seize
it however high it may soar; and though it se-
ems to us not half an hour since we left the
garden, believe me we must have travelled a
great distance."
"I don't know how that may be," said San-
cho; "all I know is that if the Senora Magallanes
or Magalona was satisfied with this croup, she
could not have been very tender of flesh."
 The duke, the duchess, and all in the garden
were listening to the conversation of the two
heroes, and were beyond measure amused by
it; and now, desirous of putting a finishing
touch to this rare and well-contrived adventu-
re, they applied a light to Clavileno's tail with
some tow, and the horse, being full of squibs
and crackers, immediately blew up with a pro-
digious noise, and brought Don Quixote and
Sancho Panza to the ground half singed. By this
time the bearded band of duennas, the Trifaldi
and all, had vanished from the garden, and
those that remained lay stretched on the
ground as if in a swoon. Don Quixote and San-
cho got up rather shaken, and, looking about
them, were filled with amazement at finding
themselves in the same garden from which they
had started, and seeing such a number of peo-
ple stretched on the ground; and their asto-
nishment was increased when at one side of the
garden they perceived a tall lance planted in
the ground, and hanging from it by two cords
of green silk a smooth white parchment on
which there was the following inscription in
large gold letters: "The illustrious knight Don
Quixote of La Mancha has, by merely attemp-
ting it, finished and concluded the adventure of
the Countess Trifaldi, otherwise called the Dis-
tressed Duenna; Malambruno is now satisfied
on every point, the chins of the duennas are
now smooth and clean, and King Don Clavijo
and Queen Antonomasia in their original form;
and when the squirely flagellation shall have
been completed, the white dove shall find her-
self delivered from the pestiferous gerfalcons
that persecute her, and in the arms of her belo-
ved mate; for such is the decree of the sage
Merlin, arch-enchanter of enchanters."
As soon as Don Quixote had read the ins-
cription on the parchment he perceived clearly
that it referred to the disenchantment of Dulci-
nea, and returning hearty thanks to heaven that
he had with so little danger achieved so grand
an exploit as to restore to their former com-
plexion the countenances of those venerable
duennas, he advanced towards the duke and
duchess, who had not yet come to themselves,
and taking the duke by the hand he said, "Be of
good cheer, worthy sir, be of good cheer; it's
nothing at all; the adventure is now over and
without any harm done, as the inscription fixed
on this post shows plainly."
The duke came to himself slowly and like
one recovering consciousness after a heavy
sleep, and the duchess and all who had fallen
prostrate about the garden did the same, with
such demonstrations of wonder and amaze-
ment that they would have almost persuaded
one that what they pretended so adroitly in jest
had happened to them in reality. The duke read
the placard with half-shut eyes, and then ran to
embrace Don Quixote with-open arms, decla-
ring him to be the best knight that had ever
been seen in any age. Sancho kept looking
about for the Distressed One, to see what her
face was like without the beard, and if she was
as fair as her elegant person promised; but they
told him that, the instant Clavileno descended
flaming through the air and came to the
ground, the whole band of duennas with the
Trifaldi vanished, and that they were already
shaved and without a stump left.
The duchess asked Sancho how he had fared
on that long journey, to which Sancho replied,
"I felt, senora, that we were flying through the
region of fire, as my master told me, and I wan-
ted to uncover my eyes for a bit; but my master,
when I asked leave to uncover myself, would
not let me; but as I have a little bit of curiosity
about me, and a desire to know what is forbid-
den and kept from me, quietly and without
anyone seeing me I drew aside the handker-
chief covering my eyes ever so little, close to
my nose, and from underneath looked towards
the earth, and it seemed to me that it was alto-
gether no bigger than a grain of mustard seed,
and that the men walking on it were little big-
ger than hazel nuts; so you may see how high
we must have got to then."
To this the duchess said, "Sancho, my friend,
mind what you are saying; it seems you could
not have seen the earth, but only the men wal-
king on it; for if the earth looked to you like a
grain of mustard seed, and each man like a
hazel nut, one man alone would have covered
the whole earth."
"That is true," said Sancho, "but for all that I
got a glimpse of a bit of one side of it, and saw
it all."
"Take care, Sancho," said the duchess, "with
a bit of one side one does not see the whole of
what one looks at."
"I don't understand that way of looking at
things," said Sancho; "I only know that your
ladyship will do well to bear in mind that as we
were flying by enchantment so I might have
seen the whole earth and all the men by en-
chantment whatever way I looked; and if you
won't believe this, no more will you believe
that, uncovering myself nearly to the eyebrows,
I saw myself so close to the sky that there was
not a palm and a half between me and it; and
by everything that I can swear by, senora, it is
mighty great! And it so happened we came by
where the seven goats are, and by God and
upon my soul, as in my youth I was a goatherd
in my own country, as soon as I saw them I felt
a longing to be among them for a little, and if I
had not given way to it I think I'd have burst.
So I come and take, and what do I do? without
saying anything to anybody, not even to my
master, softly and quietly I got down from Cla-
vileno and amused myself with the goats—
which are like violets, like flowers—for nigh
three-quarters of an hour; and Clavileno never
stirred or moved from one spot."
"And while the good Sancho was amusing
himself with the goats," said the duke, "how
did Senor Don Quixote amuse himself?"
To which Don Quixote replied, "As all these
things and such like occurrences are out of the
ordinary course of nature, it is no wonder that
Sancho says what he does; for my own part I
can only say that I did not uncover my eyes
either above or below, nor did I see sky or earth
or sea or shore. It is true I felt that I was passing
through the region of the air, and even that I
touched that of fire; but that we passed farther I
cannot believe; for the region of fire being bet-
ween the heaven of the moon and the last re-
gion of the air, we could not have reached that
heaven where the seven goats Sancho speaks of
are without being burned; and as we were not
burned, either Sancho is lying or Sancho is
dreaming."
"I am neither lying nor dreaming," said San-
cho; "only ask me the tokens of those same go-
ats, and you'll see by that whether I'm telling
the truth or not."
"Tell us them then, Sancho," said the du-
chess.
 "Two of them," said Sancho, "are green, two
blood-red, two blue, and one a mixture of all
colours."
"An odd sort of goat, that," said the duke; "in
this earthly region of ours we have no such
colours; I mean goats of such colours."
"That's very plain," said Sancho; "of course
there must be a difference between the goats of
heaven and the goats of the earth."
"Tell me, Sancho," said the duke, "did you
see any he-goat among those goats?"
"No, senor," said Sancho; "but I have heard
say that none ever passed the horns of the mo-
on."
They did not care to ask him anything more
about his journey, for they saw he was in the
vein to go rambling all over the heavens giving
an account of everything that went on there,
without having ever stirred from the garden.
Such, in short, was the end of the adventure of
the Distressed Duenna, which gave the duke
and duchess laughing matter not only for the
time being, but for all their lives, and Sancho
something to talk about for ages, if he lived so
long; but Don Quixote, coming close to his ear,
said to him, "Sancho, as you would have us
believe what you saw in heaven, I require you
to believe me as to what I saw in the cave of
Montesinos; I say no more."

CHAPTER XLII.

OF THE COUNSELS WHICH DON

QUIXOTE GAVE SANCHO PANZA
BEFORE HE SET OUT TO GOVERN
THE ISLAND, TOGETHER WITH OT-
HER WELL-CONSIDERED MATTERS
 The duke and duchess were so well pleased
with the successful and droll result of the ad-
venture of the Distressed One, that they resol-
ved to carry on the joke, seeing what a fit sub-
ject they had to deal with for making it all pass
for reality. So having laid their plans and given
instructions to their servants and vassals how
to behave to Sancho in his government of the
promised island, the next day, that following
Clavileno's flight, the duke told Sancho to pre-
pare and get ready to go and be governor, for
his islanders were already looking out for him
as for the showers of May.
Sancho made him an obeisance, and said,
"Ever since I came down from heaven, and
from the top of it beheld the earth, and saw
how little it is, the great desire I had to be a
governor has been partly cooled in me; for
what is there grand in being ruler on a grain of
mustard seed, or what dignity or authority in
governing half a dozen men about as big as
hazel nuts; for, so far as I could see, there were
no more on the whole earth? If your lordship
would be so good as to give me ever so small a
bit of heaven, were it no more than half a lea-
gue, I'd rather have it than the best island in the
world."
"Recollect, Sancho," said the duke, "I cannot
give a bit of heaven, no not so much as the bre-
adth of my nail, to anyone; rewards and fa-
vours of that sort are reserved for God alone.
What I can give I give you, and that is a real,
genuine island, compact, well proportioned,
and uncommonly fertile and fruitful, where, if
you know how to use your opportunities, you
may, with the help of the world's riches, gain
those of heaven."
"Well then," said Sancho, "let the island co-
me; and I'll try and be such a governor, that in
spite of scoundrels I'll go to heaven; and it's not
from any craving to quit my own humble con-
dition or better myself, but from the desire I
have to try what it tastes like to be a governor."
 "If you once make trial of it, Sancho," said
the duke, "you'll eat your fingers off after the
government, so sweet a thing is it to command
and be obeyed. Depend upon it when your
master comes to be emperor (as he will beyond
a doubt from the course his affairs are taking),
it will be no easy matter to wrest the dignity
from him, and he will be sore and sorry at heart
to have been so long without becoming one."
"Senor," said Sancho, "it is my belief it's a
good thing to be in command, if it's only over a
drove of cattle."
"May I be buried with you, Sancho," said the
duke, "but you know everything; I hope you
will make as good a governor as your sagacity
promises; and that is all I have to say; and now
remember to-morrow is the day you must set
out for the government of the island, and this
evening they will provide you with the proper
attire for you to wear, and all things requisite
for your departure."
 "Let them dress me as they like," said San-
cho; "however I'm dressed I'll be Sancho Pan-
za."
"That's true," said the duke; "but one's dress
must be suited to the office or rank one holds;
for it would not do for a jurist to dress like a
soldier, or a soldier like a priest. You, Sancho,
shall go partly as a lawyer, partly as a captain,
for, in the island I am giving you, arms are
needed as much as letters, and letters as much
as arms."
"Of letters I know but little," said Sancho,
"for I don't even know the A B C; but it is
enough for me to have the Christus in my me-
mory to be a good governor. As for arms, I'll
handle those they give me till I drop, and then,
God be my help!"
"With so good a memory," said the duke,
"Sancho cannot go wrong in anything."
Here Don Quixote joined them; and learning
what passed, and how soon Sancho was to go
to his government, he with the duke's permis-
sion took him by the hand, and retired to his
room with him for the purpose of giving him
advice as to how he was to demean himself in
his office. As soon as they had entered the
chamber he closed the door after him, and al-
most by force made Sancho sit down beside
him, and in a quiet tone thus addressed him: "I
give infinite thanks to heaven, friend Sancho,
that, before I have met with any good luck, for-
tune has come forward to meet thee. I who
counted upon my good fortune to discharge the
recompense of thy services, find myself still
waiting for advancement, while thou, before
the time, and contrary to all reasonable expecta-
tion, seest thyself blessed in the fulfillment of
thy desires. Some will bribe, beg, solicit, rise
early, entreat, persist, without attaining the
object of their suit; while another comes, and
without knowing why or wherefore, finds him-
self invested with the place or office so many
have sued for; and here it is that the common
saying, 'There is good luck as well as bad luck
in suits,' applies. Thou, who, to my thinking,
art beyond all doubt a dullard, without early
rising or night watching or taking any trouble,
with the mere breath of knight-errantry that
has breathed upon thee, seest thyself without
more ado governor of an island, as though it
were a mere matter of course. This I say, San-
cho, that thou attribute not the favour thou hast
received to thine own merits, but give thanks to
heaven that disposes matters beneficently, and
secondly thanks to the great power the profes-
sion of knight-errantry contains in itself. With a
heart, then, inclined to believe what I have said
to thee, attend, my son, to thy Cato here who
would counsel thee and be thy polestar and
guide to direct and pilot thee to a safe haven
out of this stormy sea wherein thou art about to
ingulf thyself; for offices and great trusts are
nothing else but a mighty gulf of troubles.
"First of all, my son, thou must fear God, for
in the fear of him is wisdom, and being wise
thou canst not err in aught.
 "Secondly, thou must keep in view what
thou art, striving to know thyself, the most dif-
ficult thing to know that the mind can imagine.
If thou knowest thyself, it will follow thou wilt
not puff thyself up like the frog that strove to
make himself as large as the ox; if thou dost,
the recollection of having kept pigs in thine
own country will serve as the ugly feet for the
wheel of thy folly."
"That's the truth," said Sancho; "but that was
when I was a boy; afterwards when I was so-
mething more of a man it was geese I kept, not
pigs. But to my thinking that has nothing to do
with it; for all who are governors don't come of
a kingly stock."
"True," said Don Quixote, "and for that rea-
son those who are not of noble origin should
take care that the dignity of the office they hold
he accompanied by a gentle suavity, which
wisely managed will save them from the sneers
of malice that no station escapes.
 "Glory in thy humble birth, Sancho, and be
not ashamed of saying thou art peasant-born;
for when it is seen thou art not ashamed no one
will set himself to put thee to the blush; and
pride thyself rather upon being one of lowly
virtue than a lofty sinner. Countless are they
who, born of mean parentage, have risen to the
highest dignities, pontifical and imperial, and
of the truth of this I could give thee instances
enough to weary thee.
"Remember, Sancho, if thou make virtue thy
aim, and take a pride in doing virtuous actions,
thou wilt have no cause to envy those who
have princely and lordly ones, for blood is an
inheritance, but virtue an acquisition, and vir-
tue has in itself alone a worth that blood does
not possess.
"This being so, if perchance anyone of thy
kinsfolk should come to see thee when thou art
in thine island, thou art not to repel or slight
him, but on the contrary to welcome him, enter-
tain him, and make much of him; for in so
doing thou wilt be approved of heaven (which
is not pleased that any should despise what it
hath made), and wilt comply with the laws of
well-ordered nature.
"If thou carriest thy wife with thee (and it is
not well for those that administer governments
to be long without their wives), teach and ins-
truct her, and strive to smooth down her natu-
ral roughness; for all that may be gained by a
wise governor may be lost and wasted by a
boorish stupid wife.
"If perchance thou art left a widower—a
thing which may happen—and in virtue of thy
office seekest a consort of higher degree, choose
not one to serve thee for a hook, or for a fis-
hing-rod, or for the hood of thy 'won't have it;'
for verily, I tell thee, for all the judge's wife re-
ceives, the husband will be held accountable at
the general calling to account; where he will
have repay in death fourfold, items that in life
he regarded as naught.
 "Never go by arbitrary law, which is so
much favoured by ignorant men who plume
themselves on cleverness.
"Let the tears of the poor man find with thee
more compassion, but not more justice, than
the pleadings of the rich.
"Strive to lay bare the truth, as well amid the
promises and presents of the rich man, as amid
the sobs and entreaties of the poor.
"When equity may and should be brought
into play, press not the utmost rigour of the law
against the guilty; for the reputation of the
stern judge stands not higher than that of the
compassionate.
"If perchance thou permittest the staff of jus-
tice to swerve, let it be not by the weight of a
gift, but by that of mercy.
"If it should happen thee to give judgment in
the cause of one who is thine enemy, turn thy
thoughts away from thy injury and fix them on
the justice of the case.
 "Let not thine own passion blind thee in
another man's cause; for the errors thou wilt
thus commit will be most frequently irreme-
diable; or if not, only to be remedied at the ex-
pense of thy good name and even of thy fortu-
ne.
"If any handsome woman come to seek justi-
ce of thee, turn away thine eyes from her tears
and thine ears from her lamentations, and con-
sider deliberately the merits of her demand, if
thou wouldst not have thy reason swept away
by her weeping, and thy rectitude by her sighs.
"Abuse not by word him whom thou hast to
punish in deed, for the pain of punishment is
enough for the unfortunate without the addi-
tion of thine objurgations.
"Bear in mind that the culprit who comes
under thy jurisdiction is but a miserable man
subject to all the propensities of our depraved
nature, and so far as may be in thy power show
thyself lenient and forbearing; for though the
attributes of God are all equal, to our eyes that
of mercy is brighter and loftier than that of jus-
tice.
"If thou followest these precepts and rules,
Sancho, thy days will be long, thy fame eternal,
thy reward abundant, thy felicity unutterable;
thou wilt marry thy children as thou wouldst;
they and thy grandchildren will bear titles;
thou wilt live in peace and concord with all
men; and, when life draws to a close, death will
come to thee in calm and ripe old age, and the
light and loving hands of thy great-
grandchildren will close thine eyes.
"What I have thus far addressed to thee are
instructions for the adornment of thy mind;
listen now to those which tend to that of the
body."
 CHAPTER XLIII.

OF THE SECOND SET OF COUN-

SELS DON QUIXOTE GAVE SANCHO
PANZA

Who, hearing the foregoing discourse of

Don Quixote, would not have set him down for
a person of great good sense and greater recti-
tude of purpose? But, as has been frequently
observed in the course of this great history, he
only talked nonsense when he touched on chi-
valry, and in discussing all other subjects sho-
wed that he had a clear and unbiassed unders-
tanding; so that at every turn his acts gave the
lie to his intellect, and his intellect to his acts;
but in the case of these second counsels that he
gave Sancho he showed himself to have a lively
turn of humour, and displayed conspicuously
his wisdom, and also his folly.
Sancho listened to him with the deepest at-
tention, and endeavoured to fix his counsels in
his memory, like one who meant to follow
them and by their means bring the full promise
of his government to a happy issue. Don
Quixote, then, went on to say:
"With regard to the mode in which thou
shouldst govern thy person and thy house,
Sancho, the first charge I have to give thee is to
be clean, and to cut thy nails, not letting them
grow as some do, whose ignorance makes them
fancy that long nails are an ornament to their
hands, as if those excrescences they neglect to
cut were nails, and not the talons of a lizard-
catching kestrel—a filthy and unnatural abuse.
"Go not ungirt and loose, Sancho; for disor-
dered attire is a sign of an unstable mind, un-
less indeed the slovenliness and slackness is to
be set down to craft, as was the common opi-
nion in the case of Julius Caesar.
 "Ascertain cautiously what thy office may be
worth; and if it will allow thee to give liveries
to thy servants, give them respectable and ser-
viceable, rather than showy and gay ones, and
divide them between thy servants and the poor;
that is to say, if thou canst clothe six pages,
clothe three and three poor men, and thus thou
wilt have pages for heaven and pages for earth;
the vainglorious never think of this new mode
of giving liveries.
"Eat not garlic nor onions, lest they find out
thy boorish origin by the smell; walk slowly
and speak deliberately, but not in such a way as
to make it seem thou art listening to thyself, for
all affectation is bad.
"Dine sparingly and sup more sparingly still;
for the health of the whole body is forged in the
workshop of the stomach.
"Be temperate in drinking, bearing in mind
that wine in excess keeps neither secrets nor
promises.
 "Take care, Sancho, not to chew on both si-
des, and not to eruct in anybody's presence."
"Eruct!" said Sancho; "I don't know what that
means."
"To eruct, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "me-
ans to belch, and that is one of the filthiest
words in the Spanish language, though a very
expressive one; and therefore nice folk have
had recourse to the Latin, and instead of belch
say eruct, and instead of belches say eructa-
tions; and if some do not understand these
terms it matters little, for custom will bring
them into use in the course of time, so that they
will be readily understood; this is the way a
language is enriched; custom and the public are
all-powerful there."
"In truth, senor," said Sancho, "one of the
counsels and cautions I mean to bear in mind
shall be this, not to belch, for I'm constantly
doing it."
"Eruct, Sancho, not belch," said Don Quixote.
 "Eruct, I shall say henceforth, and I swear
not to forget it," said
Sancho.
"Likewise, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "thou
must not mingle such a quantity of proverbs in
thy discourse as thou dost; for though proverbs
are short maxims, thou dost drag them in so
often by the head and shoulders that they sa-
vour more of nonsense than of maxims."
"God alone can cure that," said Sancho; "for I
have more proverbs in me than a book, and
when I speak they come so thick together into
my mouth that they fall to fighting among
themselves to get out; that's why my tongue
lets fly the first that come, though they may not
be pat to the purpose. But I'll take care hence-
forward to use such as befit the dignity of my
office; for 'in a house where there's plenty, sup-
per is soon cooked,' and 'he who binds does not
wrangle,' and 'the bell-ringer's in a safe berth,'
and 'giving and keeping require brains.'"
 "That's it, Sancho!" said Don Quixote; "pack,
tack, string proverbs together; nobody is hinde-
ring thee! 'My mother beats me, and I go on
with my tricks.' I am bidding thee avoid pro-
verbs, and here in a second thou hast shot out a
whole litany of them, which have as much to
do with what we are talking about as 'over the
hills of Ubeda.' Mind, Sancho, I do not say that
a proverb aptly brought in is objectionable; but
to pile up and string together proverbs at ran-
dom makes conversation dull and vulgar.
"When thou ridest on horseback, do not go
lolling with thy body on the back of the saddle,
nor carry thy legs stiff or sticking out from the
horse's belly, nor yet sit so loosely that one
would suppose thou wert on Dapple; for the
seat on a horse makes gentlemen of some and
grooms of others.
"Be moderate in thy sleep; for he who does
not rise early does not get the benefit of the
day; and remember, Sancho, diligence is the
mother of good fortune, and indolence, its op-
posite, never yet attained the object of an
honest ambition.
"The last counsel I will give thee now,
though it does not tend to bodily improvement,
I would have thee carry carefully in thy memo-
ry, for I believe it will be no less useful to thee
than those I have given thee already, and it is
this—never engage in a dispute about families,
at least in the way of comparing them one with
another; for necessarily one of those compared
will be better than the other, and thou wilt be
hated by the one thou hast disparaged, and get
nothing in any shape from the one thou hast
exalted.
"Thy attire shall be hose of full length, a long
jerkin, and a cloak a trifle longer; loose breeches
by no means, for they are becoming neither for
gentlemen nor for governors.
"For the present, Sancho, this is all that has
occurred to me to advise thee; as time goes by
and occasions arise my instructions shall fo-
llow, if thou take care to let me know how thou
art circumstanced."
"Senor," said Sancho, "I see well enough that
all these things your worship has said to me are
good, holy, and profitable; but what use will
they be to me if I don't remember one of them?
To be sure that about not letting my nails grow,
and marrying again if I have the chance, will
not slip out of my head; but all that other hash,
muddle, and jumble—I don't and can't recollect
any more of it than of last year's clouds; so it
must be given me in writing; for though I can't
either read or write, I'll give it to my confessor,
to drive it into me and remind me of it whene-
ver it is necessary."
"Ah, sinner that I am!" said Don Quixote,
"how bad it looks in governors not to know
how to read or write; for let me tell thee, San-
cho, when a man knows not how to read, or is
left-handed, it argues one of two things; either
that he was the son of exceedingly mean and
lowly parents, or that he himself was so inco-
rrigible and ill-conditioned that neither good
company nor good teaching could make any
impression on him. It is a great defect that thou
labourest under, and therefore I would have
thee learn at any rate to sign thy name." "I can
sign my name well enough," said Sancho, "for
when I was steward of the brotherhood in my
village I learned to make certain letters, like the
marks on bales of goods, which they told me
made out my name. Besides I can pretend my
right hand is disabled and make some one else
sign for me, for 'there's a remedy for everything
except death;' and as I shall be in command and
hold the staff, I can do as I like; moreover, 'he
who has the alcalde for his father-,' and I'll be
governor, and that's higher than alcalde. Only
come and see! Let them make light of me and
abuse me; 'they'll come for wool and go back
shorn;' 'whom God loves, his house is known to
Him;' 'the silly sayings of the rich pass for saws
in the world;' and as I'll be rich, being a gover-
nor, and at the same time generous, as I mean
to be, no fault will be seen in me. 'Only make
yourself honey and the flies will suck you;' 'as
much as thou hast so much art thou worth,' as
my grandmother used to say; and 'thou canst
have no revenge of a man of substance.'"
"Oh, God's curse upon thee, Sancho!" here
exclaimed Don Quixote; "sixty thousand devils
fly away with thee and thy proverbs! For the
last hour thou hast been stringing them toget-
her and inflicting the pangs of torture on me
with every one of them. Those proverbs will
bring thee to the gallows one day, I promise
thee; thy subjects will take the government
from thee, or there will be revolts among them.
Tell me, where dost thou pick them up, thou
booby? How dost thou apply them, thou bloc-
khead? For with me, to utter one and make it
apply properly, I have to sweat and labour as if
I were digging."
"By God, master mine," said Sancho, "your
worship is making a fuss about very little. Why
the devil should you be vexed if I make use of
what is my own? And I have got nothing else,
nor any other stock in trade except proverbs
and more proverbs; and here are three just this
instant come into my head, pat to the purpose
and like pears in a basket; but I won't repeat
them, for 'sage silence is called Sancho.'"
"That, Sancho, thou art not," said Don
Quixote; "for not only art thou not sage silence,
but thou art pestilent prate and perversity; still
I would like to know what three proverbs have
just now come into thy memory, for I have been
turning over mine own—and it is a good one—
and none occurs to me."
"What can be better," said Sancho, "than 'ne-
ver put thy thumbs between two back teeth;'
and 'to "get out of my house" and "what do you
want with my wife?" there is no answer;' and
'whether the pitcher hits the stove, or the stove
the pitcher, it's a bad business for the pitcher;'
all which fit to a hair? For no one should qua-
rrel with his governor, or him in authority over
him, because he will come off the worst, as he
does who puts his finger between two back and
if they are not back teeth it makes no difference,
so long as they are teeth; and to whatever the
governor may say there's no answer, any more
than to 'get out of my house' and 'what do you
want with my wife?' and then, as for that about
the stone and the pitcher, a blind man could see
that. So that he 'who sees the mote in another's
eye had need to see the beam in his own,' that it
be not said of himself, 'the dead woman was
frightened at the one with her throat cut;' and
your worship knows well that 'the fool knows
more in his own house than the wise man in
another's.'"
"Nay, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "the fool
knows nothing, either in his own house or in
anybody else's, for no wise structure of any sort
can stand on a foundation of folly; but let us
say no more about it, Sancho, for if thou gover-
nest badly, thine will be the fault and mine the
shame; but I comfort myself with having done
my duty in advising thee as earnestly and as
wisely as I could; and thus I am released from
my obligations and my promise. God guide
thee, Sancho, and govern thee in thy govern-
ment, and deliver me from the misgiving I have
that thou wilt turn the whole island upside
down, a thing I might easily prevent by explai-
ning to the duke what thou art and telling him
that all that fat little person of thine is nothing
else but a sack full of proverbs and sauciness."
"Senor," said Sancho, "if your worship thinks
I'm not fit for this government, I give it up on
the spot; for the mere black of the nail of my
soul is dearer to me than my whole body; and I
can live just as well, simple Sancho, on bread
and onions, as governor, on partridges and
capons; and what's more, while we're asleep
we're all equal, great and small, rich and poor.
But if your worship looks into it, you will see it
was your worship alone that put me on to this
business of governing; for I know no more
about the government of islands than a buz-
zard; and if there's any reason to think that be-
cause of my being a governor the devil will get
hold of me, I'd rather go Sancho to heaven than
governor to hell."
"By God, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "for
those last words thou hast uttered alone, I con-
sider thou deservest to be governor of a thou-
sand islands. Thou hast good natural instincts,
without which no knowledge is worth anyt-
hing; commend thyself to God, and try not to
swerve in the pursuit of thy main object; I me-
an, always make it thy aim and fixed purpose
to do right in all matters that come before thee,
for heaven always helps good intentions; and
now let us go to dinner, for I think my lord and
lady are waiting for us."
 CHAPTER XLIV.

HOW SANCHO PANZA WAS

CONDUCTED TO HIS GOVERN-
MENT, AND OF THE STRANGE AD-
VENTURE THAT BEFELL DON
QUIXOTE IN THE CASTLE

It is stated, they say, in the true original of

this history, that when Cide Hamete came to
write this chapter, his interpreter did not trans-
late it as he wrote it—that is, as a kind of com-
plaint the Moor made against himself for
having taken in hand a story so dry and of so
little variety as this of Don Quixote, for he
found himself forced to speak perpetually of
him and Sancho, without venturing to indulge
in digressions and episodes more serious and
more interesting. He said, too, that to go on,
mind, hand, pen always restricted to writing
upon one single subject, and speaking through
the mouths of a few characters, was intolerable
drudgery, the result of which was never equal
to the author's labour, and that to avoid this he
had in the First Part availed himself of the de-
vice of novels, like "The Ill-advised Curiosity,"
and "The Captive Captain," which stand, as it
were, apart from the story; the others are given
there being incidents which occurred to Don
Quixote himself and could not be omitted. He
also thought, he says, that many, engrossed by
the interest attaching to the exploits of Don
Quixote, would take none in the novels, and
pass them over hastily or impatiently without
noticing the elegance and art of their composi-
tion, which would be very manifest were they
published by themselves and not as mere ad-
juncts to the crazes of Don Quixote or the sim-
plicities of Sancho. Therefore in this Second
Part he thought it best not to insert novels, eit-
her separate or interwoven, but only episodes,
something like them, arising out of the circums-
tances the facts present; and even these sparin-
gly, and with no more words than suffice to
make them plain; and as he confines and res-
tricts himself to the narrow limits of the narra-
tive, though he has ability; capacity, and brains
enough to deal with the whole universe, he
requests that his labours may not be despised,
and that credit be given him, not alone for what
he writes, but for what he has refrained from
writing.
And so he goes on with his story, saying that
the day Don Quixote gave the counsels to San-
cho, the same afternoon after dinner he handed
them to him in writing so that he might get
some one to read them to him. They had scarce-
ly, however, been given to him when he let
them drop, and they fell into the hands of the
duke, who showed them to the duchess and
they were both amazed afresh at the madness
and wit of Don Quixote. To carry on the joke,
then, the same evening they despatched Sancho
with a large following to the village that was to
serve him for an island. It happened that the
person who had him in charge was a majordo-
mo of the duke's, a man of great discretion and
humour—and there can be no humour without
discretion—and the same who played the part
of the Countess Trifaldi in the comical way that
has been already described; and thus qualified,
and instructed by his master and mistress as to
how to deal with Sancho, he carried out their
scheme admirably. Now it came to pass that as
soon as Sancho saw this majordomo he seemed
in his features to recognise those of the Trifaldi,
and turning to his master, he said to him, "Se-
nor, either the devil will carry me off, here on
this spot, righteous and believing, or your
worship will own to me that the face of this
majordomo of the duke's here is the very face
of the Distressed One."
Don Quixote regarded the majordomo atten-
tively, and having done so, said to Sancho,
"There is no reason why the devil should carry
thee off, Sancho, either righteous or believing—
and what thou meanest by that I know not; the
face of the Distressed One is that of the major-
domo, but for all that the majordomo is not the
Distressed One; for his being so would involve
a mighty contradiction; but this is not the time
for going into questions of the sort, which
would be involving ourselves in an inextricable
labyrinth. Believe me, my friend, we must pray
earnestly to our Lord that he deliver us both
from wicked wizards and enchanters."
"It is no joke, senor," said Sancho, "for before
this I heard him speak, and it seemed exactly as
if the voice of the Trifaldi was sounding in my
ears. Well, I'll hold my peace; but I'll take care
to be on the look-out henceforth for any sign
that may be seen to confirm or do away with
this suspicion."
"Thou wilt do well, Sancho," said Don
Quixote, "and thou wilt let me know all thou
discoverest, and all that befalls thee in thy go-
vernment."
 Sancho at last set out attended by a great
number of people. He was dressed in the garb
of a lawyer, with a gaban of tawny watered
camlet over all and a montera cap of the same
material, and mounted a la gineta upon a mule.
Behind him, in accordance with the duke's or-
ders, followed Dapple with brand new ass-
trappings and ornaments of silk, and from time
to time Sancho turned round to look at his ass,
so well pleased to have him with him that he
would not have changed places with the empe-
ror of Germany. On taking leave he kissed the
hands of the duke and duchess and got his
master's blessing, which Don Quixote gave him
with tears, and he received blubbering.
Let worthy Sancho go in peace, and good
luck to him, Gentle Reader; and look out for
two bushels of laughter, which the account of
how he behaved himself in office will give thee.
In the meantime turn thy attention to what
happened his master the same night, and if
thou dost not laugh thereat, at any rate thou
wilt stretch thy mouth with a grin; for Don
Quixote's adventures must be honoured either
with wonder or with laughter.
It is recorded, then, that as soon as Sancho
had gone, Don Quixote felt his loneliness, and
had it been possible for him to revoke the man-
date and take away the government from him
he would have done so. The duchess observed
his dejection and asked him why he was me-
lancholy; because, she said, if it was for the loss
of Sancho, there were squires, duennas, and
damsels in her house who would wait upon
him to his full satisfaction.
"The truth is, senora," replied Don Quixote,
"that I do feel the loss of Sancho; but that is not
the main cause of my looking sad; and of all the
offers your excellence makes me, I accept only
the good-will with which they are made, and as
to the remainder I entreat of your excellence to
permit and allow me alone to wait upon myself
in my chamber."
 "Indeed, Senor Don Quixote," said the du-
chess, "that must not be; four of my damsels, as
beautiful as flowers, shall wait upon you."
"To me," said Don Quixote, "they will not be
flowers, but thorns to pierce my heart. They, or
anything like them, shall as soon enter my
chamber as fly. If your highness wishes to gra-
tify me still further, though I deserve it not,
permit me to please myself, and wait upon my-
self in my own room; for I place a barrier bet-
ween my inclinations and my virtue, and I do
not wish to break this rule through the genero-
sity your highness is disposed to display to-
wards me; and, in short, I will sleep in my clot-
hes, sooner than allow anyone to undress me."
"Say no more, Senor Don Quixote, say no
more," said the duchess; "I assure you I will
give orders that not even a fly, not to say a
damsel, shall enter your room. I am not the one
to undermine the propriety of Senor Don
Quixote, for it strikes me that among his many
virtues the one that is pre-eminent is that of
modesty. Your worship may undress and dress
in private and in your own way, as you please
and when you please, for there will be no one
to hinder you; and in your chamber you will
find all the utensils requisite to supply the
wants of one who sleeps with his door locked,
to the end that no natural needs compel you to
open it. May the great Dulcinea del Toboso live
a thousand years, and may her fame extend all
over the surface of the globe, for she deserves
to be loved by a knight so valiant and so vir-
tuous; and may kind heaven infuse zeal into
the heart of our governor Sancho Panza to fi-
nish off his discipline speedily, so that the
world may once more enjoy the beauty of so
grand a lady."
To which Don Quixote replied, "Your high-
ness has spoken like what you are; from the
mouth of a noble lady nothing bad can come;
and Dulcinea will be more fortunate, and better
known to the world by the praise of your high-
ness than by all the eulogies the greatest orators
on earth could bestow upon her."
"Well, well, Senor Don Quixote," said the
duchess, is nearly supper-time, and the duke is
is probably waiting; come let us go to supper,
and retire to rest early, for the journey you ma-
de yesterday from Kandy was not such a short
one but that it must have caused you some fati-
gue."
"I feel none, senora," said Don Quixote, "for I
would go so far as to swear to your excellence
that in all my life I never mounted a quieter
beast, or a pleasanter paced one, than Clavile-
no; and I don't know what could have induced
Malambruno to discard a steed so swift and so
gentle, and burn it so recklessly as he did."
"Probably," said the duchess, "repenting of
the evil he had done to the Trifaldi and compa-
ny, and others, and the crimes he must have
committed as a wizard and enchanter, he resol-
ved to make away with all the instruments of
his craft; and so burned Clavileno as the chief
one, and that which mainly kept him restless,
wandering from land to land; and by its ashes
and the trophy of the placard the valour of the
great Don Quixote of La Mancha is established
for ever."
Don Quixote renewed his thanks to the du-
chess; and having supped, retired to his cham-
ber alone, refusing to allow anyone to enter
with him to wait on him, such was his fear of
encountering temptations that might lead or
drive him to forget his chaste fidelity to his la-
dy Dulcinea; for he had always present to his
mind the virtue of Amadis, that flower and
mirror of knights-errant. He locked the door
behind him, and by the light of two wax cand-
les undressed himself, but as he was taking off
his stockings—O disaster unworthy of such a
personage!—there came a burst, not of sighs, or
anything belying his delicacy or good breeding,
but of some two dozen stitches in one of his
stockings, that made it look like a window-
lattice. The worthy gentleman was beyond
measure distressed, and at that moment he
would have given an ounce of silver to have
had half a drachm of green silk there; I say gre-
en silk, because the stockings were green.
Here Cide Hamete exclaimed as he was wri-
ting, "O poverty, poverty! I know not what
could have possessed the great Cordovan poet
to call thee 'holy gift ungratefully received.'
Although a Moor, I know well enough from the
intercourse I have had with Christians that
holiness consists in charity, humility, faith,
obedience, and poverty; but for all that, I say he
must have a great deal of godliness who can
find any satisfaction in being poor; unless, in-
deed, it be the kind of poverty one of their grea-
test saints refers to, saying, 'possess all things as
though ye possessed them not;' which is what
they call poverty in spirit. But thou, that other
poverty—for it is of thee I am speaking now—
why dost thou love to fall out with gentlemen
and men of good birth more than with other
people? Why dost thou compel them to smear
the cracks in their shoes, and to have the but-
tons of their coats, one silk, another hair, and
another glass? Why must their ruffs be always
crinkled like endive leaves, and not crimped
with a crimping iron?" (From this we may per-
ceive the antiquity of starch and crimped ruffs.)
Then he goes on: "Poor gentleman of good fa-
mily! always cockering up his honour, dining
miserably and in secret, and making a hypocri-
te of the toothpick with which he sallies out
into the street after eating nothing to oblige him
to use it! Poor fellow, I say, with his nervous
honour, fancying they perceive a league off the
patch on his shoe, the sweat-stains on his hat,
the shabbiness of his cloak, and the hunger of
his stomach!"
All this was brought home to Don Quixote
by the bursting of his stitches; however, he
comforted himself on perceiving that Sancho
had left behind a pair of travelling boots, which
he resolved to wear the next day. At last he
went to bed, out of spirits and heavy at heart,
as much because he missed Sancho as because
of the irreparable disaster to his stockings, the
stitches of which he would have even taken up
with silk of another colour, which is one of the
greatest signs of poverty a gentleman can show
in the course of his never-failing embarrass-
ments. He put out the candles; but the night
was warm and he could not sleep; he rose from
his bed and opened slightly a grated window
that looked out on a beautiful garden, and as he
did so he perceived and heard people walking
and talking in the garden. He set himself to
listen attentively, and those below raised their
voices so that he could hear these words:
"Urge me not to sing, Emerencia, for thou
knowest that ever since this stranger entered
the castle and my eyes beheld him, I cannot
sing but only weep; besides my lady is a light
rather than a heavy sleeper, and I would not for
all the wealth of the world that she found us
here; and even if she were asleep and did not
waken, my singing would be in vain, if this
strange AEneas, who has come into my neigh-
bourhood to flout me, sleeps on and wakens
not to hear it."
"Heed not that, dear Altisidora," replied a
voice; "the duchess is no doubt asleep, and eve-
rybody in the house save the lord of thy heart
and disturber of thy soul; for just now I percei-
ved him open the grated window of his cham-
ber, so he must be awake; sing, my poor suffe-
rer, in a low sweet tone to the accompaniment
of thy harp; and even if the duchess hears us
we can lay the blame on the heat of the night."
"That is not the point, Emerencia," replied
Altisidora, "it is that I would not that my sin-
ging should lay bare my heart, and that I
should be thought a light and wanton maiden
by those who know not the mighty power of
love; but come what may; better a blush on the
cheeks than a sore in the heart;" and here a harp
softly touched made itself heard. As he listened
to all this Don Quixote was in a state of breath-
less amazement, for immediately the countless
adventures like this, with windows, gratings,
gardens, serenades, lovemakings, and languis-
hings, that he had read of in his trashy books of
chivalry, came to his mind. He at once conclu-
ded that some damsel of the duchess's was in
love with him, and that her modesty forced her
to keep her passion secret. He trembled lest he
should fall, and made an inward resolution not
to yield; and commending himself with all his
might and soul to his lady Dulcinea he made
up his mind to listen to the music; and to let
them know he was there he gave a pretended
sneeze, at which the damsels were not a little
delighted, for all they wanted was that Don
Quixote should hear them. So having tuned the
harp, Altisidora, running her hand across the
strings, began this ballad:
O thou that art above in bed,
Between the holland sheets,
A-lying there from night till morn,
With outstretched legs asleep;
 O thou, most valiant knight of all
The famed Manchegan breed,
Of purity and virtue more
Than gold of Araby;
Give ear unto a suffering maid,
Well-grown but evil-starr'd,
For those two suns of thine have lit
A fire within her heart.
Adventures seeking thou dost rove,
To others bringing woe;
Thou scatterest wounds, but, ah, the balm
To heal them dost withhold!
Say, valiant youth, and so may God
Thy enterprises speed,
Didst thou the light mid Libya's sands
Or Jaca's rocks first see?
Did scaly serpents give thee suck?
Who nursed thee when a babe?
Wert cradled in the forest rude,
Or gloomy mountain cave?
O Dulcinea may be proud,
That plump and lusty maid;
For she alone hath had the power
A tiger fierce to tame.
And she for this shall famous be
From Tagus to Jarama,
From Manzanares to Genil,
From Duero to Arlanza.
Fain would I change with her, and give
A petticoat to boot,
The best and bravest that I have,
All trimmed with gold galloon.
O for to be the happy fair
Thy mighty arms enfold,
Or even sit beside thy bed
And scratch thy dusty poll!
I rave,—to favours such as these
Unworthy to aspire;
Thy feet to tickle were enough
For one so mean as I.
What caps, what slippers silver-laced,
Would I on thee bestow!
What damask breeches make for thee;
What fine long holland cloaks!
 And I would give thee pearls that should
As big as oak-galls show;
So matchless big that each might well
Be called the great "Alone."
Manchegan Nero, look not down
From thy Tarpeian Rock
Upon this burning heart, nor add
The fuel of thy wrath.
A virgin soft and young am I,
Not yet fifteen years old;
(I'm only three months past fourteen,
I swear upon my soul).
I hobble not nor do I limp,
All blemish I'm without,
And as I walk my lily locks
Are trailing on the ground.
And though my nose be rather flat,
And though my mouth be wide,
My teeth like topazes exalt
My beauty to the sky.
Thou knowest that my voice is sweet,
That is if thou dost hear;
And I am moulded in a form
Somewhat below the mean.
These charms, and many more, are thine,
Spoils to thy spear and bow all;
A damsel of this house am I,
By name Altisidora.
Here the lay of the heart-stricken Altisidora
came to an end, while the warmly wooed Don
Quixote began to feel alarm; and with a deep
sigh he said to himself, "O that I should be such
an unlucky knight that no damsel can set eyes
on me but falls in love with me! O that the peer-
less Dulcinea should be so unfortunate that
they cannot let her enjoy my incomparable
constancy in peace! What would ye with her, ye
queens? Why do ye persecute her, ye empres-
ses? Why ye pursue her, ye virgins of from
fourteen to fifteen? Leave the unhappy being to
triumph, rejoice and glory in the lot love has
been pleased to bestow upon her in surrende-
ring my heart and yielding up my soul to her.
Ye love-smitten host, know that to Dulcinea
only I am dough and sugar-paste, flint to all
others; for her I am honey, for you aloes. For
me Dulcinea alone is beautiful, wise, virtuous,
graceful, and high-bred, and all others are ill-
favoured, foolish, light, and low-born. Nature
sent me into the world to be hers and no ot-
her's; Altisidora may weep or sing, the lady for
whose sake they belaboured me in the castle of
the enchanted Moor may give way to despair,
but I must be Dulcinea's, boiled or roast, pure,
courteous, and chaste, in spite of all the magic-
working powers on earth." And with that he
shut the window with a bang, and, as much out
of temper and out of sorts as if some great mis-
fortune had befallen him, stretched himself on
his bed, where we will leave him for the pre-
sent, as the great Sancho Panza, who is about to
set up his famous government, now demands
our attention.
 CHAPTER XLV.

OF HOW THE GREAT SANCHO

PANZA TOOK POSSESSION OF HIS
ISLAND, AND OF HOW HE MADE A
BEGINNING IN GOVERNING

O perpetual discoverer of the antipodes,

torch of the world, eye of heaven, sweet stimu-
lator of the water-coolers! Thimbraeus here,
Phoebus there, now archer, now physician,
father of poetry, inventor of music; thou that
always risest and, notwithstanding appearan-
ces, never settest! To thee, O Sun, by whose aid
man begetteth man, to thee I appeal to help me
and lighten the darkness of my wit that I may
be able to proceed with scrupulous exactitude
in giving an account of the great Sancho Pan-
za's government; for without thee I feel myself
weak, feeble, and uncertain.
To come to the point, then—Sancho with all
his attendants arrived at a village of some thou-
sand inhabitants, and one of the largest the du-
ke possessed. They informed him that it was
called the island of Barataria, either because the
name of the village was Baratario, or because of
the joke by way of which the government had
been conferred upon him. On reaching the ga-
tes of the town, which was a walled one, the
municipality came forth to meet him, the bells
rang out a peal, and the inhabitants showed
every sign of general satisfaction; and with gre-
at pomp they conducted him to the principal
church to give thanks to God, and then with
burlesque ceremonies they presented him with
the keys of the town, and acknowledged him as
perpetual governor of the island of Barataria.
The costume, the beard, and the fat squat figure
of the new governor astonished all those who
were not in the secret, and even all who were,
and they were not a few. Finally, leading him
out of the church they carried him to the judg-
ment seat and seated him on it, and the duke's
majordomo said to him, "It is an ancient custom
in this island, senor governor, that he who co-
mes to take possession of this famous island is
bound to answer a question which shall be put
to him, and which must be a somewhat knotty
and difficult one; and by his answer the people
take the measure of their new governor's wit,
and hail with joy or deplore his arrival accor-
dingly."
While the majordomo was making this spe-
ech Sancho was gazing at several large letters
inscribed on the wall opposite his seat, and as
he could not read he asked what that was that
was painted on the wall. The answer was, "Se-
nor, there is written and recorded the day on
which your lordship took possession of this
island, and the inscription says, 'This day, the
so-and-so of such-and-such a month and year,
Senor Don Sancho Panza took possession of
this island; many years may he enjoy it.'"
"And whom do they call Don Sancho Pan-
za?" asked Sancho.
"Your lordship," replied the majordomo; "for
no other Panza but the one who is now seated
in that chair has ever entered this island."
"Well then, let me tell you, brother," said
Sancho, "I haven't got the 'Don,' nor has any
one of my family ever had it; my name is plain
Sancho Panza, and Sancho was my father's na-
me, and Sancho was my grandfather's and they
were all Panzas, without any Dons or Donas
tacked on; I suspect that in this island there are
more Dons than stones; but never mind; God
knows what I mean, and maybe if my govern-
ment lasts four days I'll weed out these Dons
that no doubt are as great a nuisance as the
midges, they're so plenty. Let the majordomo
go on with his question, and I'll give the best
answer I can, whether the people deplore or
not."
 At this instant there came into court two old
men, one carrying a cane by way of a walking-
stick, and the one who had no stick said, "Se-
nor, some time ago I lent this good man ten
gold-crowns in gold to gratify him and do him
a service, on the condition that he was to return
them to me whenever I should ask for them. A
long time passed before I asked for them, for I
would not put him to any greater straits to re-
turn them than he was in when I lent them to
him; but thinking he was growing careless
about payment I asked for them once and seve-
ral times; and not only will he not give them
back, but he denies that he owes them, and says
I never lent him any such crowns; or if I did,
that he repaid them; and I have no witnesses
either of the loan, or the payment, for he never
paid me; I want your worship to put him to his
oath, and if he swears he returned them to me I
forgive him the debt here and before God."
"What say you to this, good old man, you
with the stick?" said Sancho.
 To which the old man replied, "I admit, se-
nor, that he lent them to me; but let your wors-
hip lower your staff, and as he leaves it to my
oath, I'll swear that I gave them back, and paid
him really and truly."
The governor lowered the staff, and as he
did so the old man who had the stick handed it
to the other old man to hold for him while he
swore, as if he found it in his way; and then
laid his hand on the cross of the staff, saying
that it was true the ten crowns that were de-
manded of him had been lent him; but that he
had with his own hand given them back into
the hand of the other, and that he, not recollec-
ting it, was always asking for them.
Seeing this the great governor asked the cre-
ditor what answer he had to make to what his
opponent said. He said that no doubt his debtor
had told the truth, for he believed him to be an
honest man and a good Christian, and he him-
self must have forgotten when and how he had
given him back the crowns; and that from that
time forth he would make no further demand
upon him.
The debtor took his stick again, and bowing
his head left the court. Observing this, and
how, without another word, he made off, and
observing too the resignation of the plaintiff,
Sancho buried his head in his bosom and re-
mained for a short space in deep thought, with
the forefinger of his right hand on his brow and
nose; then he raised his head and bade them
call back the old man with the stick, for he had
already taken his departure. They brought him
back, and as soon as Sancho saw him he said,
"Honest man, give me that stick, for I want it."
"Willingly," said the old man; "here it is se-
nor," and he put it into his hand.
Sancho took it and, handing it to the other
old man, said to him, "Go, and God be with
you; for now you are paid."
"I, senor!" returned the old man; "why, is this
cane worth ten gold-crowns?"
 "Yes," said the governor, "or if not I am the
greatest dolt in the world; now you will see
whether I have got the headpiece to govern a
whole kingdom;" and he ordered the cane to be
broken in two, there, in the presence of all. It
was done, and in the middle of it they found
ten gold-crowns. All were filled with amaze-
ment, and looked upon their governor as anot-
her Solomon. They asked him how he had co-
me to the conclusion that the ten crowns were
in the cane; he replied, that observing how the
old man who swore gave the stick to his oppo-
nent while he was taking the oath, and swore
that he had really and truly given him the
crowns, and how as soon as he had done swea-
ring he asked for the stick again, it came into
his head that the sum demanded must be insi-
de it; and from this he said it might be seen that
God sometimes guides those who govern in
their judgments, even though they may be fo-
ols; besides he had himself heard the curate of
his village mention just such another case, and
he had so good a memory, that if it was not that
he forgot everything he wished to remember,
there would not be such a memory in all the
island. To conclude, the old men went off, one
crestfallen, and the other in high contentment,
all who were present were astonished, and he
who was recording the words, deeds, and mo-
vements of Sancho could not make up his mind
whether he was to look upon him and set him
down as a fool or as a man of sense.
As soon as this case was disposed of, there
came into court a woman holding on with a
tight grip to a man dressed like a well-to-do
cattle dealer, and she came forward making a
great outcry and exclaiming, "Justice, senor
governor, justice! and if I don't get it on earth
I'll go look for it in heaven. Senor governor of
my soul, this wicked man caught me in the
middle of the fields here and used my body as
if it was an ill-washed rag, and, woe is me! got
from me what I had kept these three-and-
twenty years and more, defending it against
Moors and Christians, natives and strangers;
and I always as hard as an oak, and keeping
myself as pure as a salamander in the fire, or
wool among the brambles, for this good fellow
to come now with clean hands to handle me!"
"It remains to be proved whether this gallant
has clean hands or not," said Sancho; and tur-
ning to the man he asked him what he had to
say in answer to the woman's charge.
He all in confusion made answer, "Sirs, I am
a poor pig dealer, and this morning I left the
village to sell (saving your presence) four pigs,
and between dues and cribbings they got out of
me little less than the worth of them. As I was
returning to my village I fell in on the road
with this good dame, and the devil who makes
a coil and a mess out of everything, yoked us
together. I paid her fairly, but she not contented
laid hold of me and never let go until she
brought me here; she says I forced her, but she
lies by the oath I swear or am ready to swear;
and this is the whole truth and every particle of
it."
The governor on this asked him if he had
any money in silver about him; he said he had
about twenty ducats in a leather purse in his
bosom. The governor bade him take it out and
hand it to the complainant; he obeyed trem-
bling; the woman took it, and making a thou-
sand salaams to all and praying to God for the
long life and health of the senor governor who
had such regard for distressed orphans and
virgins, she hurried out of court with the purse
grasped in both her hands, first looking, howe-
ver, to see if the money it contained was silver.
As soon as she was gone Sancho said to the
cattle dealer, whose tears were already starting
and whose eyes and heart were following his
purse, "Good fellow, go after that woman and
take the purse from her, by force even, and co-
me back with it here;" and he did not say it to
one who was a fool or deaf, for the man was off
like a flash of lightning, and ran to do as he was
bid.
All the bystanders waited anxiously to see
the end of the case, and presently both man and
woman came back at even closer grips than
before, she with her petticoat up and the purse
in the lap of it, and he struggling hard to take it
from her, but all to no purpose, so stout was the
woman's defence, she all the while crying out,
"Justice from God and the world! see here, se-
nor governor, the shamelessness and boldness
of this villain, who in the middle of the town, in
the middle of the street, wanted to take from
me the purse your worship bade him give me."
"And did he take it?" asked the governor.
"Take it!" said the woman; "I'd let my life be
taken from me sooner than the purse. A pretty
child I'd be! It's another sort of cat they must
throw in my face, and not that poor scurvy
knave. Pincers and hammers, mallets and chi-
sels would not get it out of my grip; no, nor
lions' claws; the soul from out of my body
first!"
"She is right," said the man; "I own myself
beaten and powerless; I confess I haven't the
strength to take it from her;" and he let go his
hold of her.
Upon this the governor said to the woman,
"Let me see that purse, my worthy and sturdy
friend." She handed it to him at once, and the
governor returned it to the man, and said to the
unforced mistress of force, "Sister, if you had
shown as much, or only half as much, spirit
and vigour in defending your body as you have
shown in defending that purse, the strength of
Hercules could not have forced you. Be off, and
God speed you, and bad luck to you, and don't
show your face in all this island, or within six
leagues of it on any side, under pain of two
hundred lashes; be off at once, I say, you sha-
meless, cheating shrew."
The woman was cowed and went off discon-
solately, hanging her head; and the governor
said to the man, "Honest man, go home with
your money, and God speed you; and for the
future, if you don't want to lose it, see that you
don't take it into your head to yoke with any-
body." The man thanked him as clumsily as he
could and went his way, and the bystanders
were again filled with admiration at their new
governor's judgments and sentences.
Next, two men, one apparently a farm la-
bourer, and the other a tailor, for he had a pair
of shears in his hand, presented themselves
before him, and the tailor said, "Senor gover-
nor, this labourer and I come before your
worship by reason of this honest man coming
to my shop yesterday (for saving everybody's
presence I'm a passed tailor, God be thanked),
and putting a piece of cloth into my hands and
asking me, 'Senor, will there be enough in this
cloth to make me a cap?' Measuring the cloth I
said there would. He probably suspected—as I
supposed, and I supposed right—that I wanted
to steal some of the cloth, led to think so by his
own roguery and the bad opinion people have
of tailors; and he told me to see if there would
be enough for two. I guessed what he would be
at, and I said 'yes.' He, still following up his
original unworthy notion, went on adding cap
after cap, and I 'yes' after 'yes,' until we got as
far as five. He has just this moment come for
them; I gave them to him, but he won't pay me
for the making; on the contrary, he calls upon
me to pay him, or else return his cloth."
"Is all this true, brother?" said Sancho.
"Yes," replied the man; "but will your wors-
hip make him show the five caps he has made
me?"
"With all my heart," said the tailor; and dra-
wing his hand from under his cloak he showed
five caps stuck upon the five fingers of it, and
said, "there are the caps this good man asks for;
and by God and upon my conscience I haven't
a scrap of cloth left, and I'll let the work be
examined by the inspectors of the trade."
 All present laughed at the number of caps
and the novelty of the suit; Sancho set himself
to think for a moment, and then said, "It seems
to me that in this case it is not necessary to de-
liver long-winded arguments, but only to give
off-hand the judgment of an honest man; and
so my decision is that the tailor lose the making
and the labourer the cloth, and that the caps go
to the prisoners in the gaol, and let there be no
more about it."
If the previous decision about the cattle dea-
ler's purse excited the admiration of the bys-
tanders, this provoked their laughter; however,
the governor's orders were after all executed.
All this, having been taken down by his chroni-
cler, was at once despatched to the duke, who
was looking out for it with great eagerness; and
here let us leave the good Sancho; for his mas-
ter, sorely troubled in mind by Altisidora's mu-
sic, has pressing claims upon us now.
 CHAPTER XLVI.

OF THE TERRIBLE BELL AND CAT

FRIGHT THAT DON QUIXOTE GOT
IN THE COURSE OF THE ENAMOU-
RED ALTISIDORA'S WOOING

We left Don Quixote wrapped up in the re-

flections which the music of the enamourned
maid Altisidora had given rise to. He went to
bed with them, and just like fleas they would
not let him sleep or get a moment's rest, and the
broken stitches of his stockings helped them.
But as Time is fleet and no obstacle can stay his
course, he came riding on the hours, and mor-
ning very soon arrived. Seeing which Don
Quixote quitted the soft down, and, nowise
slothful, dressed himself in his chamois suit
and put on his travelling boots to hide the dis-
aster to his stockings. He threw over him his
scarlet mantle, put on his head a montera of
green velvet trimmed with silver edging, flung
across his shoulder the baldric with his good
trenchant sword, took up a large rosary that he
always carried with him, and with great so-
lemnity and precision of gait proceeded to the
antechamber where the duke and duchess were
already dressed and waiting for him. But as he
passed through a gallery, Altisidora and the
other damsel, her friend, were lying in wait for
him, and the instant Altisidora saw him she
pretended to faint, while her friend caught her
in her lap, and began hastily unlacing the bo-
som of her dress.
Don Quixote observed it, and approaching
them said, "I know very well what this seizure
arises from."
"I know not from what," replied the friend,
"for Altisidora is the healthiest damsel in all
this house, and I have never heard her com-
plain all the time I have known her. A plague
on all the knights-errant in the world, if they be
all ungrateful! Go away, Senor Don Quixote;
for this poor child will not come to herself
again so long as you are here."
To which Don Quixote returned, "Do me the
favour, senora, to let a lute be placed in my
chamber to-night; and I will comfort this poor
maiden to the best of my power; for in the early
stages of love a prompt disillusion is an appro-
ved remedy;" and with this he retired, so as not
to be remarked by any who might see him the-
re.
He had scarcely withdrawn when Altisido-
ra, recovering from her swoon, said to her
companion, "The lute must be left, for no doubt
Don Quixote intends to give us some music;
and being his it will not be bad."
They went at once to inform the duchess of
what was going on, and of the lute Don Quixo-
te asked for, and she, delighted beyond measu-
re, plotted with the duke and her two damsels
to play him a trick that should be amusing but
harmless; and in high glee they waited for
night, which came quickly as the day had co-
me; and as for the day, the duke and duchess
spent it in charming conversation with Don
Quixote.
When eleven o'clock came, Don Quixote
found a guitar in his chamber; he tried it, ope-
ned the window, and perceived that some per-
sons were walking in the garden; and having
passed his fingers over the frets of the guitar
and tuned it as well as he could, he spat and
cleared his chest, and then with a voice a little
hoarse but full-toned, he sang the following
ballad, which he had himself that day compo-
sed:
Mighty Love the hearts of maidens
Doth unsettle and perplex,
And the instrument he uses
Most of all is idleness.
Sewing, stitching, any labour,
Having always work to do,
To the poison Love instilleth
Is the antidote most sure.
And to proper-minded maidens
Who desire the matron's name
Modesty's a marriage portion,
Modesty their highest praise.
Men of prudence and discretion,
Courtiers gay and gallant knights,
With the wanton damsels dally,
But the modest take to wife.
There are passions, transient, fleeting,
Loves in hostelries declar'd,
Sunrise loves, with sunset ended,
When the guest hath gone his way.
Love that springs up swift and sudden,
Here to-day, to-morrow flown,
Passes, leaves no trace behind it,
Leaves no image on the soul.
Painting that is laid on painting
Maketh no display or show;
Where one beauty's in possession
There no other can take hold.
 Dulcinea del Toboso
Painted on my heart I wear;
Never from its tablets, never,
Can her image be eras'd.
The quality of all in lovers
Most esteemed is constancy;
'T is by this that love works wonders,
This exalts them to the skies.
Don Quixote had got so far with his song, to
which the duke, the duchess, Altisidora, and
nearly the whole household of the castle were
listening, when all of a sudden from a gallery
above that was exactly over his window they
let down a cord with more than a hundred bells
attached to it, and immediately after that dis-
charged a great sack full of cats, which also had
bells of smaller size tied to their tails. Such was
the din of the bells and the squalling of the cats,
that though the duke and duchess were the
contrivers of the joke they were startled by it,
while Don Quixote stood paralysed with fear;
and as luck would have it, two or three of the
cats made their way in through the grating of
his chamber, and flying from one side to the
other, made it seem as if there was a legion of
devils at large in it. They extinguished the
candles that were burning in the room, and
rushed about seeking some way of escape; the
cord with the large bells never ceased rising
and falling; and most of the people of the castle,
not knowing what was really the matter, were
at their wits' end with astonishment. Don
Quixote sprang to his feet, and drawing his
sword, began making passes at the grating,
shouting out, "Avaunt, malignant enchanters!
avaunt, ye witchcraft-working rabble! I am Don
Quixote of La Mancha, against whom your evil
machinations avail not nor have any power."
And turning upon the cats that were running
about the room, he made several cuts at them.
They dashed at the grating and escaped by it,
save one that, finding itself hard pressed by the
slashes of Don Quixote's sword, flew at his face
and held on to his nose tooth and nail, with the
pain of which he began to shout his loudest.
The duke and duchess hearing this, and gues-
sing what it was, ran with all haste to his room,
and as the poor gentleman was striving with all
his might to detach the cat from his face, they
opened the door with a master-key and went in
with lights and witnessed the unequal combat.
The duke ran forward to part the combatants,
but Don Quixote cried out aloud, "Let no one
take him from me; leave me hand to hand with
this demon, this wizard, this enchanter; I will
teach him, I myself, who Don Quixote of La
Mancha is." The cat, however, never minding
these threats, snarled and held on; but at last
the duke pulled it off and flung it out of the
window. Don Quixote was left with a face as
full of holes as a sieve and a nose not in very
good condition, and greatly vexed that they did
not let him finish the battle he had been so
stoutly fighting with that villain of an enchan-
ter. They sent for some oil of John's wort, and
Altisidora herself with her own fair hands ban-
daged all the wounded parts; and as she did so
she said to him in a low voice. "All these mis-
haps have befallen thee, hardhearted knight,
for the sin of thy insensibility and obstinacy;
and God grant thy squire Sancho may forget to
whip himself, so that that dearly beloved Dul-
cinea of thine may never be released from her
enchantment, that thou mayest never come to
her bed, at least while I who adore thee am ali-
ve."
To all this Don Quixote made no answer ex-
cept to heave deep sighs, and then stretched
himself on his bed, thanking the duke and du-
chess for their kindness, not because he stood
in any fear of that bell-ringing rabble of enchan-
ters in cat shape, but because he recognised
their good intentions in coming to his rescue.
The duke and duchess left him to repose and
withdrew greatly grieved at the unfortunate
result of the joke; as they never thought the
adventure would have fallen so heavy on Don
Quixote or cost him so dear, for it cost him five
days of confinement to his bed, during which
he had another adventure, pleasanter than the
late one, which his chronicler will not relate just
now in order that he may turn his attention to
Sancho Panza, who was proceeding with great
diligence and drollery in his government.

CHAPTER XLVII.

WHEREIN IS CONTINUED THE

ACCOUNT OF HOW SANCHO PAN-
ZA CONDUCTED HIMSELF IN HIS
GOVERNMENT

The history says that from the justice court

they carried Sancho to a sumptuous palace,
where in a spacious chamber there was a table
laid out with royal magnificence. The clarions
sounded as Sancho entered the room, and four
pages came forward to present him with water
for his hands, which Sancho received with gre-
at dignity. The music ceased, and Sancho sea-
ted himself at the head of the table, for there
was only that seat placed, and no more than
one cover laid. A personage, who it appeared
afterwards was a physician, placed himself
standing by his side with a whalebone wand in
his hand. They then lifted up a fine white cloth
covering fruit and a great variety of dishes of
different sorts; one who looked like a student
said grace, and a page put a laced bib on San-
cho, while another who played the part of head
carver placed a dish of fruit before him. But
hardly had he tasted a morsel when the man
with the wand touched the plate with it, and
they took it away from before him with the
utmost celerity. The carver, however, brought
him another dish, and Sancho proceeded to try
it; but before he could get at it, not to say taste
it, already the wand had touched it and a page
had carried it off with the same promptitude as
the fruit. Sancho seeing this was puzzled, and
looking from one to another asked if this dinner
was to be eaten after the fashion of a jugglery
trick.
To this he with the wand replied, "It is not to
be eaten, senor governor, except as is usual and
customary in other islands where there are go-
vernors. I, senor, am a physician, and I am paid
a salary in this island to serve its governors as
such, and I have a much greater regard for their
health than for my own, studying day and
night and making myself acquainted with the
governor's constitution, in order to be able to
cure him when he falls sick. The chief thing I
have to do is to attend at his dinners and sup-
pers and allow him to eat what appears to me
to be fit for him, and keep from him what I
think will do him harm and be injurious to his
stomach; and therefore I ordered that plate of
fruit to be removed as being too moist, and that
other dish I ordered to be removed as being too
hot and containing many spices that stimulate
thirst; for he who drinks much kills and con-
sumes the radical moisture wherein life con-
sists."
"Well then," said Sancho, "that dish of roast
partridges there that seems so savoury will not
do me any harm."
To this the physician replied, "Of those my
lord the governor shall not eat so long as I live."
"Why so?" said Sancho.
"Because," replied the doctor, "our master
Hippocrates, the polestar and beacon of medi-
cine, says in one of his aphorisms omnis satura-
tio mala, perdicis autem pessima, which means
'all repletion is bad, but that of partridge is the
worst of all."
"In that case," said Sancho, "let senor doctor
see among the dishes that are on the table what
will do me most good and least harm, and let
me eat it, without tapping it with his stick; for
by the life of the governor, and so may God
suffer me to enjoy it, but I'm dying of hunger;
and in spite of the doctor and all he may say, to
deny me food is the way to take my life instead
of prolonging it."
"Your worship is right, senor governor," said
the physician; "and therefore your worship, I
consider, should not eat of those stewed rabbits
there, because it is a furry kind of food; if that
veal were not roasted and served with pickles,
you might try it; but it is out of the question."
"That big dish that is smoking farther off,"
said Sancho, "seems to me to be an olla podri-
da, and out of the diversity of things in such
ollas, I can't fail to light upon something tasty
and good for me."
"Absit," said the doctor; "far from us be any
such base thought! There is nothing in the
world less nourishing than an olla podrida; to
canons, or rectors of colleges, or peasants' wed-
dings with your ollas podridas, but let us have
none of them on the tables of governors, where
everything that is present should be delicate
and refined; and the reason is, that always, eve-
rywhere and by everybody, simple medicines
are more esteemed than compound ones, for
we cannot go wrong in those that are simple,
while in the compound we may, by merely al-
tering the quantity of the things composing
them. But what I am of opinion the governor
should cat now in order to preserve and fortify
his health is a hundred or so of wafer cakes and
a few thin slices of conserve of quinces, which
will settle his stomach and help his digestion."
Sancho on hearing this threw himself back in
his chair and surveyed the doctor steadily, and
in a solemn tone asked him what his name was
and where he had studied.
He replied, "My name, senor governor, is
Doctor Pedro Recio de Aguero I am a native of
a place called Tirteafuera which lies between
Caracuel and Almodovar del Campo, on the
right-hand side, and I have the degree of doctor
from the university of Osuna."
 To which Sancho, glowing all over with ra-
ge, returned, "Then let Doctor Pedro Recio de
Malaguero, native of Tirteafuera, a place that's
on the right-hand side as we go from Caracuel
to Almodovar del Campo, graduate of Osuna,
get out of my presence at once; or I swear by
the sun I'll take a cudgel, and by dint of blows,
beginning with him, I'll not leave a doctor in
the whole island; at least of those I know to be
ignorant; for as to learned, wise, sensible physi-
cians, them I will reverence and honour as di-
vine persons. Once more I say let Pedro Recio
get out of this or I'll take this chair I am sitting
on and break it over his head. And if they call
me to account for it, I'll clear myself by saying I
served God in killing a bad doctor—a general
executioner. And now give me something to
eat, or else take your government; for a trade
that does not feed its master is not worth two
beans."
The doctor was dismayed when he saw the
governor in such a passion, and he would have
made a Tirteafuera out of the room but that the
same instant a post-horn sounded in the street;
and the carver putting his head out of the win-
dow turned round and said, "It's a courier from
my lord the duke, no doubt with some des-
patch of importance."
The courier came in all sweating and flu-
rried, and taking a paper from his bosom, pla-
ced it in the governor's hands. Sancho handed
it to the majordomo and bade him read the su-
perscription, which ran thus: To Don Sancho
Panza, Governor of the Island of Barataria, into
his own hands or those of his secretary. Sancho
when he heard this said, "Which of you is my
secretary?" "I am, senor," said one of those pre-
sent, "for I can read and write, and am a Bisca-
yan." "With that addition," said Sancho, "you
might be secretary to the emperor himself;
open this paper and see what it says." The new-
born secretary obeyed, and having read the
contents said the matter was one to be discus-
sed in private. Sancho ordered the chamber to
be cleared, the majordomo and the carver only
remaining; so the doctor and the others with-
drew, and then the secretary read the letter,
which was as follows:

It has come to my knowledge, Senor Don

Sancho Panza, that certain enemies of mine and
of the island are about to make a furious attack
upon it some night, I know not when. It be-
hoves you to be on the alert and keep watch,
that they surprise you not. I also know by
trustworthy spies that four persons have ente-
red the town in disguise in order to take your
life, because they stand in dread of your great
capacity; keep your eyes open and take heed
who approaches you to address you, and eat
nothing that is presented to you. I will take care
to send you aid if you find yourself in difficul-
ty, but in all things you will act as may be ex-
pected of your judgment. From this place, the
Sixteenth of August, at four in the morning.
 Your friend,

THE DUKE

Sancho was astonished, and those who sto-

od by made believe to be so too, and turning to
the majordomo he said to him, "What we have
got to do first, and it must be done at once, is to
put Doctor Recio in the lock-up; for if anyone
wants to kill me it is he, and by a slow death
and the worst of all, which is hunger."
"Likewise," said the carver, "it is my opinion
your worship should not eat anything that is on
this table, for the whole was a present from
some nuns; and as they say, 'behind the cross
there's the devil.'"
"I don't deny it," said Sancho; "so for the pre-
sent give me a piece of bread and four pounds
or so of grapes; no poison can come in them; for
the fact is I can't go on without eating; and if
we are to be prepared for these battles that are
threatening us we must be well provisioned;
for it is the tripes that carry the heart and not
the heart the tripes. And you, secretary, answer
my lord the duke and tell him that all his com-
mands shall be obeyed to the letter, as he dire-
cts; and say from me to my lady the duchess
that I kiss her hands, and that I beg of her not to
forget to send my letter and bundle to my wife
Teresa Panza by a messenger; and I will take it
as a great favour and will not fail to serve her in
all that may lie within my power; and as you
are about it you may enclose a kiss of the hand
to my master Don Quixote that he may see I am
grateful bread; and as a good secretary and a
good Biscayan you may add whatever you like
and whatever will come in best; and now take
away this cloth and give me something to eat,
and I'll be ready to meet all the spies and assas-
sins and enchanters that may come against me
or my island."
At this instant a page entered saying, "Here
is a farmer on business, who wants to speak to
your lordship on a matter of great importance,
he says."
"It's very odd," said Sancho, "the ways of
these men on business; is it possible they can be
such fools as not to see that an hour like this is
no hour for coming on business? We who go-
vern and we who are judges—are we not men
of flesh and blood, and are we not to be allo-
wed the time required for taking rest, unless
they'd have us made of marble? By God and on
my conscience, if the government remains in
my hands (which I have a notion it won't), I'll
bring more than one man on business to order.
However, tell this good man to come in; but
take care first of all that he is not some spy or
one of my assassins."
"No, my lord," said the page, "for he looks
like a simple fellow, and either I know very
little or he is as good as good bread."
"There is nothing to be afraid of," said the
majordomo, "for we are all here."
 "Would it be possible, carver," said Sancho,
"now that Doctor Pedro Recio is not here, to let
me eat something solid and substantial, if it
were even a piece of bread and an onion?"
"To-night at supper," said the carver, "the
shortcomings of the dinner shall be made good,
and your lordship shall be fully contented."
"God grant it," said Sancho.
The farmer now came in, a well-favoured
man that one might see a thousand leagues off
was an honest fellow and a good soul. The first
thing he said was, "Which is the lord governor
here?"
"Which should it be," said the secretary, "but
he who is seated in the chair?"
"Then I humble myself before him," said the
farmer; and going on his knees he asked for his
hand, to kiss it. Sancho refused it, and bade him
stand up and say what he wanted. The farmer
obeyed, and then said, "I am a farmer, senor, a
native of Miguelturra, a village two leagues
from Ciudad Real."
 "Another Tirteafuera!" said Sancho; "say on,
brother; I know Miguelturra very well I can tell
you, for it's not very far from my own town."
"The case is this, senor," continued the far-
mer, "that by God's mercy I am married with
the leave and licence of the holy Roman Cat-
holic Church; I have two sons, students, and
the younger is studying to become bachelor,
and the elder to be licentiate; I am a widower,
for my wife died, or more properly speaking, a
bad doctor killed her on my hands, giving her a
purge when she was with child; and if it had
pleased God that the child had been born, and
was a boy, I would have put him to study for
doctor, that he might not envy his brothers the
bachelor and the licentiate."
"So that if your wife had not died, or had not
been killed, you would not now be a widower,"
said Sancho.
"No, senor, certainly not," said the farmer.
 "We've got that much settled," said Sancho;
"get on, brother, for it's more bed-time than
business-time."
"Well then," said the farmer, "this son of mi-
ne who is going to be a bachelor, fell in love in
the said town with a damsel called Clara Perle-
rina, daughter of Andres Perlerino, a very rich
farmer; and this name of Perlerines does not
come to them by ancestry or descent, but be-
cause all the family are paralytics, and for a
better name they call them Perlerines; though
to tell the truth the damsel is as fair as an
Oriental pearl, and like a flower of the field, if
you look at her on the right side; on the left not
so much, for on that side she wants an eye that
she lost by small-pox; and though her face is
thickly and deeply pitted, those who love her
say they are not pits that are there, but the gra-
ves where the hearts of her lovers are buried.
She is so cleanly that not to soil her face she
carries her nose turned up, as they say, so that
one would fancy it was running away from her
mouth; and with all this she looks extremely
well, for she has a wide mouth; and but for
wanting ten or a dozen teeth and grinders she
might compare and compete with the come-
liest. Of her lips I say nothing, for they are so
fine and thin that, if lips might be reeled, one
might make a skein of them; but being of a dif-
ferent colour from ordinary lips they are won-
derful, for they are mottled, blue, green, and
purple—let my lord the governor pardon me
for painting so minutely the charms of her who
some time or other will be my daughter; for I
love her, and I don't find her amiss."
"Paint what you will," said Sancho; "I enjoy
your painting, and if I had dined there could be
no dessert more to my taste than your portrait."
"That I have still to furnish," said the farmer;
"but a time will come when we may be able if
we are not now; and I can tell you, senor, if I
could paint her gracefulness and her tall figure,
it would astonish you; but that is impossible
because she is bent double with her knees up to
her mouth; but for all that it is easy to see that if
she could stand up she'd knock her head
against the ceiling; and she would have given
her hand to my bachelor ere this, only that she
can't stretch it out, for it's contracted; but still
one can see its elegance and fine make by its
long furrowed nails."
"That will do, brother," said Sancho; "consi-
der you have painted her from head to foot;
what is it you want now? Come to the point
without all this beating about the bush, and all
these scraps and additions."
"I want your worship, senor," said the far-
mer, "to do me the favour of giving me a letter
of recommendation to the girl's father, begging
him to be so good as to let this marriage take
place, as we are not ill-matched either in the
gifts of fortune or of nature; for to tell the truth,
senor governor, my son is possessed of a devil,
and there is not a day but the evil spirits tor-
ment him three or four times; and from having
once fallen into the fire, he has his face pucke-
red up like a piece of parchment, and his eyes
watery and always running; but he has the dis-
position of an angel, and if it was not for bela-
bouring and pummelling himself he'd be a
saint."
"Is there anything else you want, good
man?" said Sancho.
"There's another thing I'd like," said the far-
mer, "but I'm afraid to mention it; however, out
it must; for after all I can't let it be rotting in my
breast, come what may. I mean, senor, that I'd
like your worship to give me three hundred or
six hundred ducats as a help to my bachelor's
portion, to help him in setting up house; for
they must, in short, live by themselves, without
being subject to the interferences of their fat-
hers-in-law."
"Just see if there's anything else you'd like,"
said Sancho, "and don't hold back from men-
tioning it out of bashfulness or modesty."
"No, indeed there is not," said the farmer.
 The moment he said this the governor star-
ted to his feet, and seizing the chair he had be-
en sitting on exclaimed, "By all that's good, you
ill-bred, boorish Don Bumpkin, if you don't get
out of this at once and hide yourself from my
sight, I'll lay your head open with this chair.
You whoreson rascal, you devil's own painter,
and is it at this hour you come to ask me for six
hundred ducats! How should I have them, you
stinking brute? And why should I give them to
you if I had them, you knave and blockhead?
What have I to do with Miguelturra or the
whole family of the Perlerines? Get out I say, or
by the life of my lord the duke I'll do as I said.
You're not from Miguelturra, but some knave
sent here from hell to tempt me. Why, you vi-
llain, I have not yet had the government half a
day, and you want me to have six hundred
ducats already!"
The carver made signs to the farmer to leave
the room, which he did with his head down,
and to all appearance in terror lest the governor
should carry his threats into effect, for the ro-
gue knew very well how to play his part.
But let us leave Sancho in his wrath, and
peace be with them all; and let us return to Don
Quixote, whom we left with his face bandaged
and doctored after the cat wounds, of which he
was not cured for eight days; and on one of
these there befell him what Cide Hamete pro-
mises to relate with that exactitude and truth
with which he is wont to set forth everything
connected with this great history, however mi-
nute it may be.

CHAPTER XLVIII.

OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE

WITH DONA RODRIGUEZ, THE DU-
CHESS'S DUENNA, TOGETHER WITH
OTHER OCCURRENCES WORTHY OF
RECORD AND ETERNAL REMEM-
BRANCE

Exceedingly moody and dejected was the

sorely wounded Don Quixote, with his face
bandaged and marked, not by the hand of God,
but by the claws of a cat, mishaps incidental to
knight-errantry.
Six days he remained without appearing in
public, and one night as he lay awake thinking
of his misfortunes and of Altisidora's pursuit of
him, he perceived that some one was opening
the door of his room with a key, and he at once
made up his mind that the enamoured damsel
was coming to make an assault upon his chasti-
ty and put him in danger of failing in the fideli-
ty he owed to his lady Dulcinea del Toboso.
"No," said he, firmly persuaded of the truth of
his idea (and he said it loud enough to be
heard), "the greatest beauty upon earth shall
not avail to make me renounce my adoration of
her whom I bear stamped and graved in the
core of my heart and the secret depths of my
bowels; be thou, lady mine, transformed into a
clumsy country wench, or into a nymph of gol-
den Tagus weaving a web of silk and gold, let
Merlin or Montesinos hold thee captive where
they will; whereer thou art, thou art mine, and
where'er I am, must be thine." The very instant
he had uttered these words, the door opened.
He stood up on the bed wrapped from head to
foot in a yellow satin coverlet, with a cap on his
head, and his face and his moustaches tied up,
his face because of the scratches, and his mous-
taches to keep them from drooping and falling
down, in which trim he looked the most extra-
ordinary scarecrow that could be conceived. He
kept his eyes fixed on the door, and just as he
was expecting to see the love-smitten and un-
happy Altisidora make her appearance, he saw
coming in a most venerable duenna, in a long
white-bordered veil that covered and envelo-
ped her from head to foot. Between the fingers
of her left hand she held a short lighted candle,
while with her right she shaded it to keep the
light from her eyes, which were covered by
spectacles of great size, and she advanced with
noiseless steps, treading very softly.
Don Quixote kept an eye upon her from his
watchtower, and observing her costume and
noting her silence, he concluded that it must be
some witch or sorceress that was coming in
such a guise to work him some mischief, and he
began crossing himself at a great rate. The spec-
tre still advanced, and on reaching the middle
of the room, looked up and saw the energy
with which Don Quixote was crossing himself;
and if he was scared by seeing such a figure as
hers, she was terrified at the sight of his; for the
moment she saw his tall yellow form with the
coverlet and the bandages that disfigured him,
she gave a loud scream, and exclaiming, "Jesus!
what's this I see?" let fall the candle in her
fright, and then finding herself in the dark, tur-
ned about to make off, but stumbling on her
skirts in her consternation, she measured her
length with a mighty fall.
Don Quixote in his trepidation began sa-
ying, "I conjure thee, phantom, or whatever
thou art, tell me what thou art and what thou
wouldst with me. If thou art a soul in torment,
say so, and all that my powers can do I will do
for thee; for I am a Catholic Christian and love
to do good to all the world, and to this end I
have embraced the order of knight-errantry to
which I belong, the province of which extends
to doing good even to souls in purgatory."
The unfortunate duenna hearing herself thus
conjured, by her own fear guessed Don Quixo-
te's and in a low plaintive voice answered, "Se-
nor Don Quixote—if so be you are indeed Don
Quixote—I am no phantom or spectre or soul in
purgatory, as you seem to think, but Dona Ro-
driguez, duenna of honour to my lady the du-
chess, and I come to you with one of those
grievances your worship is wont to redress."
 "Tell me, Senora Dona Rodriguez," said Don
Quixote, "do you perchance come to transact
any go-between business? Because I must tell
you I am not available for anybody's purpose,
thanks to the peerless beauty of my lady Dulci-
nea del Toboso. In short, Senora Dona Rodri-
guez, if you will leave out and put aside all
love messages, you may go and light your
candle and come back, and we will discuss all
the commands you have for me and whatever
you wish, saving only, as I said, all seductive
communications."
"I carry nobody's messages, senor," said the
duenna; "little you know me. Nay, I'm not far
enough advanced in years to take to any such
childish tricks. God be praised I have a soul in
my body still, and all my teeth and grinders in
my mouth, except one or two that the colds, so
common in this Aragon country, have robbed
me of. But wait a little, while I go and light my
candle, and I will return immediately and lay
my sorrows before you as before one who re-
lieves those of all the world;" and without sta-
ying for an answer she quitted the room and
left Don Quixote tranquilly meditating while he
waited for her. A thousand thoughts at once
suggested themselves to him on the subject of
this new adventure, and it struck him as being
ill done and worse advised in him to expose
himself to the danger of breaking his plighted
faith to his lady; and said he to himself, "Who
knows but that the devil, being wily and cun-
ning, may be trying now to entrap me with a
duenna, having failed with empresses, queens,
duchesses, marchionesses, and countesses?
Many a time have I heard it said by many a
man of sense that he will sooner offer you a
flat-nosed wench than a roman-nosed one; and
who knows but this privacy, this opportunity,
this silence, may awaken my sleeping desires,
and lead me in these my latter years to fall
where I have never tripped? In cases of this sort
it is better to flee than to await the battle. But I
must be out of my senses to think and utter
such nonsense; for it is impossible that a long,
white-hooded spectacled duenna could stir up
or excite a wanton thought in the most grace-
less bosom in the world. Is there a duenna on
earth that has fair flesh? Is there a duenna in
the world that escapes being ill-tempered,
wrinkled, and prudish? Avaunt, then, ye duen-
na crew, undelightful to all mankind. Oh, but
that lady did well who, they say, had at the end
of her reception room a couple of figures of
duennas with spectacles and lace-cushions, as if
at work, and those statues served quite as well
to give an air of propriety to the room as if they
had been real duennas."
So saying he leaped off the bed, intending to
close the door and not allow Senora Rodriguez
to enter; but as he went to shut it Senora Rodri-
guez returned with a wax candle lighted, and
having a closer view of Don Quixote, with the
coverlet round him, and his bandages and
night-cap, she was alarmed afresh, and retrea-
ting a couple of paces, exclaimed, "Am I safe,
sir knight? for I don't look upon it as a sign of
very great virtue that your worship should
have got up out of bed."
"I may well ask the same, senora," said Don
Quixote; "and I do ask whether I shall be safe
from being assailed and forced?"
"Of whom and against whom do you de-
mand that security, sir knight?" said the duen-
na.
"Of you and against you I ask it," said Don
Quixote; "for I am not marble, nor are you
brass, nor is it now ten o'clock in the morning,
but midnight, or a trifle past it I fancy, and we
are in a room more secluded and retired than
the cave could have been where the treacherous
and daring AEneas enjoyed the fair soft-
hearted Dido. But give me your hand, senora; I
require no better protection than my own con-
tinence, and my own sense of propriety; as well
as that which is inspired by that venerable
head-dress;" and so saying he kissed her right
hand and took it in his own, she yielding it to
him with equal ceremoniousness. And here
Cide Hamete inserts a parenthesis in which he
says that to have seen the pair marching from
the door to the bed, linked hand in hand in this
way, he would have given the best of the two
tunics he had.
Don Quixote finally got into bed, and Dona
Rodriguez took her seat on a chair at some little
distance from his couch, without taking off her
spectacles or putting aside the candle. Don
Quixote wrapped the bedclothes round him
and covered himself up completely, leaving
nothing but his face visible, and as soon as they
had both regained their composure he broke
silence, saying, "Now, Senora Dona Rodriguez,
you may unbosom yourself and out with eve-
rything you have in your sorrowful heart and
afflicted bowels; and by me you shall be liste-
ned to with chaste ears, and aided by compas-
sionate exertions."
"I believe it," replied the duenna; "from your
worship's gentle and winning presence only
such a Christian answer could be expected. The
fact is, then, Senor Don Quixote, that though
you see me seated in this chair, here in the
middle of the kingdom of Aragon, and in the
attire of a despised outcast duenna, I am from
the Asturias of Oviedo, and of a family with
which many of the best of the province are
connected by blood; but my untoward fate and
the improvidence of my parents, who, I know
not how, were unseasonably reduced to pover-
ty, brought me to the court of Madrid, where as
a provision and to avoid greater misfortunes,
my parents placed me as seamstress in the ser-
vice of a lady of quality, and I would have you
know that for hemming and sewing I have ne-
ver been surpassed by any all my life. My pa-
rents left me in service and returned to their
own country, and a few years later went, no
doubt, to heaven, for they were excellent good
Catholic Christians. I was left an orphan with
nothing but the miserable wages and trifling
presents that are given to servants of my sort in
palaces; but about this time, without any en-
couragement on my part, one of the esquires of
the household fell in love with me, a man so-
mewhat advanced in years, full-bearded and
personable, and above all as good a gentleman
as the king himself, for he came of a mountain
stock. We did not carry on our loves with such
secrecy but that they came to the knowledge of
my lady, and she, not to have any fuss about it,
had us married with the full sanction of the
holy mother Roman Catholic Church, of which
marriage a daughter was born to put an end to
my good fortune, if I had any; not that I died in
childbirth, for I passed through it safely and in
due season, but because shortly afterwards my
husband died of a certain shock he received,
and had I time to tell you of it I know your
worship would be surprised;" and here she
began to weep bitterly and said, "Pardon me,
Senor Don Quixote, if I am unable to control
myself, for every time I think of my unfortuna-
te husband my eyes fill up with tears. God
bless me, with what an air of dignity he used to
carry my lady behind him on a stout mule as
black as jet! for in those days they did not use
coaches or chairs, as they say they do now, and
ladies rode behind their squires. This much at
least I cannot help telling you, that you may
observe the good breeding and punctiliousness
of my worthy husband. As he was turning into
the Calle de Santiago in Madrid, which is rather
narrow, one of the alcaldes of the Court, with
two alguacils before him, was coming out of it,
and as soon as my good squire saw him he
wheeled his mule about and made as if he
would turn and accompany him. My lady, who
was riding behind him, said to him in a low
voice, 'What are you about, you sneak, don't
you see that I am here?' The alcalde like a polite
man pulled up his horse and said to him, 'Pro-
ceed, senor, for it is I, rather, who ought to ac-
company my lady Dona Casilda'—for that was
my mistress's name. Still my husband, cap in
hand, persisted in trying to accompany the al-
calde, and seeing this my lady, filled with rage
and vexation, pulled out a big pin, or, I rather
think, a bodkin, out of her needle-case and
drove it into his back with such force that my
husband gave a loud yell, and writhing fell to
the ground with his lady. Her two lacqueys ran
to rise her up, and the alcalde and the alguacils
did the same; the Guadalajara gate was all in
commotion—I mean the idlers congregated
there; my mistress came back on foot, and my
husband hurried away to a barber's shop pro-
testing that he was run right through the guts.
The courtesy of my husband was noised abroad
to such an extent, that the boys gave him no
peace in the street; and on this account, and
because he was somewhat shortsighted, my
lady dismissed him; and it was chagrin at this I
am convinced beyond a doubt that brought on
his death. I was left a helpless widow, with a
daughter on my hands growing up in beauty
like the sea-foam; at length, however, as I had
the character of being an excellent needlewo-
man, my lady the duchess, then lately married
to my lord the duke, offered to take me with
her to this kingdom of Aragon, and my daugh-
ter also, and here as time went by my daughter
grew up and with her all the graces in the
world; she sings like a lark, dances quick as
thought, foots it like a gipsy, reads and writes
like a schoolmaster, and does sums like a miser;
of her neatness I say nothing, for the running
water is not purer, and her age is now, if my
memory serves me, sixteen years five months
and three days, one more or less. To come to
the point, the son of a very rich farmer, living
in a village of my lord the duke's not very far
from here, fell in love with this girl of mine;
and in short, how I know not, they came toget-
her, and under the promise of marrying her he
made a fool of my daughter, and will not keep
his word. And though my lord the duke is
aware of it (for I have complained to him, not
once but many and many a time, and entreated
him to order the farmer to marry my daughter),
he turns a deaf ear and will scarcely listen to
me; the reason being that as the deceiver's fat-
her is so rich, and lends him money, and is
constantly going security for his debts, he does
not like to offend or annoy him in any way.
Now, senor, I want your worship to take it
upon yourself to redress this wrong either by
entreaty or by arms; for by what all the world
says you came into it to redress grievances and
right wrongs and help the unfortunate. Let
your worship put before you the unprotected
condition of my daughter, her youth, and all
the perfections I have said she possesses; and
before God and on my conscience, out of all the
damsels my lady has, there is not one that co-
mes up to the sole of her shoe, and the one they
call Altisidora, and look upon as the boldest
and gayest of them, put in comparison with my
daughter, does not come within two leagues of
her. For I would have you know, senor, all is
not gold that glitters, and that same little Alti-
sidora has more forwardness than good looks,
and more impudence than modesty; besides
being not very sound, for she has such a disa-
greeable breath that one cannot bear to be near
her for a moment; and even my lady the du-
chess—but I'll hold my tongue, for they say
that walls have ears."
"For heaven's sake, Dona Rodriguez, what
ails my lady the duchess?" asked
Don Quixote.
"Adjured in that way," replied the duenna, "I
cannot help answering the question and telling
the whole truth. Senor Don Quixote, have you
observed the comeliness of my lady the du-
chess, that smooth complexion of hers like a
burnished polished sword, those two cheeks of
milk and carmine, that gay lively step with
which she treads or rather seems to spurn the
earth, so that one would fancy she went radia-
ting health wherever she passed? Well then, let
me tell you she may thank, first of all God, for
this, and next, two issues that she has, one in
each leg, by which all the evil humours, of
which the doctors say she is full, are dischar-
ged."
"Blessed Virgin!" exclaimed Don Quixote;
"and is it possible that my lady the duchess has
drains of that sort? I would not have believed it
if the barefoot friars had told it me; but as the
lady Dona Rodriguez says so, it must be so. But
surely such issues, and in such places, do not
discharge humours, but liquid amber. Verily, I
do believe now that this practice of opening
issues is a very important matter for the
health."
Don Quixote had hardly said this, when the
chamber door flew open with a loud bang, and
with the start the noise gave her Dona Rodri-
guez let the candle fall from her hand, and the
room was left as dark as a wolf's mouth, as the
saying is. Suddenly the poor duenna felt two
hands seize her by the throat, so tightly that she
could not croak, while some one else, without
uttering a word, very briskly hoisted up her
petticoats, and with what seemed to be a slip-
per began to lay on so heartily that anyone
would have felt pity for her; but although Don
Quixote felt it he never stirred from his bed, but
lay quiet and silent, nay apprehensive that his
turn for a drubbing might be coming. Nor was
the apprehension an idle one; one; for leaving
the duenna (who did not dare to cry out) well
basted, the silent executioners fell upon Don
Quixote, and stripping him of the sheet and the
coverlet, they pinched him so fast and so hard
that he was driven to defend himself with his
fists, and all this in marvellous silence. The bat-
tle lasted nearly half an hour, and then the
phantoms fled; Dona Rodriguez gathered up
her skirts, and bemoaning her fate went out
without saying a word to Don Quixote, and he,
sorely pinched, puzzled, and dejected, remai-
ned alone, and there we will leave him, wonde-
ring who could have been the perverse enchan-
ter who had reduced him to such a state; but
that shall be told in due season, for Sancho
claims our attention, and the methodical arran-
gement of the story demands it.

CHAPTER XLIX.

OF WHAT HAPPENED SANCHO IN

MAKING THE ROUND OF HIS IS-
LAND

We left the great governor angered and irri-

tated by that portrait-painting rogue of a far-
mer who, instructed the majordomo, as the
majordomo was by the duke, tried to practise
upon him; he however, fool, boor, and clown as
he was, held his own against them all, saying to
those round him and to Doctor Pedro Recio,
who as soon as the private business of the du-
ke's letter was disposed of had returned to the
room, "Now I see plainly enough that judges
and governors ought to be and must be made
of brass not to feel the importunities of the ap-
plicants that at all times and all seasons insist
on being heard, and having their business des-
patched, and their own affairs and no others
attended to, come what may; and if the poor
judge does not hear them and settle the mat-
ter—either because he cannot or because that is
not the time set apart for hearing them-
forthwith they abuse him, and run him down,
and gnaw at his bones, and even pick holes in
his pedigree. You silly, stupid applicant, don't
be in a hurry; wait for the proper time and sea-
son for doing business; don't come at dinner-
hour, or at bed-time; for judges are only flesh
and blood, and must give to Nature what she
naturally demands of them; all except myself,
for in my case I give her nothing to eat, thanks
to Senor Doctor Pedro Recio Tirteafuera here,
who would have me die of hunger, and decla-
res that death to be life; and the same sort of life
may God give him and all his kind—I mean the
bad doctors; for the good ones deserve palms
and laurels."
All who knew Sancho Panza were astonis-
hed to hear him speak so elegantly, and did not
know what to attribute it to unless it were that
office and grave responsibility either smarten
or stupefy men's wits. At last Doctor Pedro
Recio Agilers of Tirteafuera promised to let him
have supper that night though it might be in
contravention of all the aphorisms of Hippocra-
tes. With this the governor was satisfied and
looked forward to the approach of night and
supper-time with great anxiety; and though
time, to his mind, stood still and made no pro-
gress, nevertheless the hour he so longed for
came, and they gave him a beef salad with
onions and some boiled calves' feet rather far
gone. At this he fell to with greater relish than
if they had given him francolins from Milan,
pheasants from Rome, veal from Sorrento, par-
tridges from Moron, or geese from Lavajos, and
turning to the doctor at supper he said to him,
"Look here, senor doctor, for the future don't
trouble yourself about giving me dainty things
or choice dishes to eat, for it will be only taking
my stomach off its hinges; it is accustomed to
goat, cow, bacon, hung beef, turnips and
onions; and if by any chance it is given these
palace dishes, it receives them squeamishly,
and sometimes with loathing. What the head-
carver had best do is to serve me with what
they call ollas podridas (and the rottener they
are the better they smell); and he can put wha-
tever he likes into them, so long as it is good to
eat, and I'll be obliged to him, and will requite
him some day. But let nobody play pranks on
me, for either we are or we are not; let us live
and eat in peace and good-fellowship, for when
God sends the dawn, he sends it for all. I mean
to govern this island without giving up a right
or taking a bribe; let everyone keep his eye
open, and look out for the arrow; for I can tell
them 'the devil's in Cantillana,' and if they dri-
ve me to it they'll see something that will asto-
nish them. Nay! make yourself honey and the
flies eat you."
"Of a truth, senor governor," said the carver,
"your worship is in the right of it in everything
you have said; and I promise you in the name
of all the inhabitants of this island that they will
serve your worship with all zeal, affection, and
good-will, for the mild kind of government you
have given a sample of to begin with, leaves
them no ground for doing or thinking anything
to your worship's disadvantage."
"That I believe," said Sancho; "and they
would be great fools if they did or thought ot-
herwise; once more I say, see to my feeding and
my Dapple's for that is the great point and
what is most to the purpose; and when the
hour comes let us go the rounds, for it is my
intention to purge this island of all manner of
uncleanness and of all idle good-for-nothing
vagabonds; for I would have you know that
lazy idlers are the same thing in a State as the
drones in a hive, that eat up the honey the in-
dustrious bees make. I mean to protect the hus-
bandman, to preserve to the gentleman his pri-
vileges, to reward the virtuous, and above all to
respect religion and honour its ministers. What
say you to that, my friends? Is there anything in
what I say, or am I talking to no purpose?"
"There is so much in what your worship
says, senor governor," said the majordomo,
"that I am filled with wonder when I see a man
like your worship, entirely without learning
(for I believe you have none at all), say such
things, and so full of sound maxims and sage
remarks, very different from what was expec-
ted of your worship's intelligence by those who
sent us or by us who came here. Every day we
see something new in this world; jokes become
realities, and the jokers find the tables turned
upon them."
Night came, and with the permission of
Doctor Pedro Recio, the governor had supper.
They then got ready to go the rounds, and he
started with the majordomo, the secretary, the
head-carver, the chronicler charged with recor-
ding his deeds, and alguacils and notaries
enough to form a fair-sized squadron. In the
midst marched Sancho with his staff, as fine a
sight as one could wish to see, and but a few
streets of the town had been traversed when
they heard a noise as of a clashing of swords.
They hastened to the spot, and found that the
combatants were but two, who seeing the aut-
horities approaching stood still, and one of
them exclaimed, "Help, in the name of God and
the king! Are men to be allowed to rob in the
middle of this town, and rush out and attack
people in the very streets?"
"Be calm, my good man," said Sancho, "and
tell me what the cause of this quarrel is; for I
am the governor."
Said the other combatant, "Senor governor, I
will tell you in a very few words. Your worship
must know that this gentleman has just now
won more than a thousand reals in that gam-
bling house opposite, and God knows how. I
was there, and gave more than one doubtful
point in his favour, very much against what my
conscience told me. He made off with his win-
nings, and when I made sure he was going to
give me a crown or so at least by way of a pre-
sent, as it is usual and customary to give men
of quality of my sort who stand by to see fair or
foul play, and back up swindles, and prevent
quarrels, he pocketed his money and left the
house. Indignant at this I followed him, and
speaking him fairly and civilly asked him to
give me if it were only eight reals, for he knows
I am an honest man and that I have neither pro-
fession nor property, for my parents never
brought me up to any or left me any; but the
rogue, who is a greater thief than Cacus and a
greater sharper than Andradilla, would not
give me more than four reals; so your worship
may see how little shame and conscience he
has. But by my faith if you had not come up I'd
have made him disgorge his winnings, and
he'd have learned what the range of the steel-
yard was."
"What say you to this?" asked Sancho. The
other replied that all his antagonist said was
true, and that he did not choose to give him
more than four reals because he very often gave
him money; and that those who expected pre-
sents ought to be civil and take what is given
them with a cheerful countenance, and not ma-
ke any claim against winners unless they know
them for certain to be sharpers and their win-
nings to be unfairly won; and that there could
be no better proof that he himself was an
honest man than his having refused to give
anything; for sharpers always pay tribute to
lookers-on who know them.
"That is true," said the majordomo; "let your
worship consider what is to be done with these
men."
"What is to be done," said Sancho, "is this;
you, the winner, be you good, bad, or indiffe-
rent, give this assailant of yours a hundred re-
als at once, and you must disburse thirty more
for the poor prisoners; and you who have neit-
her profession nor property, and hang about
the island in idleness, take these hundred reals
now, and some time of the day to-morrow quit
the island under sentence of banishment for ten
years, and under pain of completing it in anot-
her life if you violate the sentence, for I'll hang
you on a gibbet, or at least the hangman will by
my orders; not a word from either of you, or I'll
make him feel my hand."
The one paid down the money and the other
took it, and the latter quitted the island, while
the other went home; and then the governor
said, "Either I am not good for much, or I'll get
rid of these gambling houses, for it strikes me
they are very mischievous."
"This one at least," said one of the notaries,
"your worship will not be able to get rid of, for
a great man owns it, and what he loses every
year is beyond all comparison more than what
he makes by the cards. On the minor gambling
houses your worship may exercise your power,
and it is they that do most harm and shelter the
most barefaced practices; for in the houses of
lords and gentlemen of quality the notorious
sharpers dare not attempt to play their tricks;
and as the vice of gambling has become com-
mon, it is better that men should play in houses
of repute than in some tradesman's, where they
catch an unlucky fellow in the small hours of
the morning and skin him alive."
"I know already, notary, that there is a good
deal to be said on that point," said Sancho.
And now a tipstaff came up with a young
man in his grasp, and said, "Senor governor,
this youth was coming towards us, and as soon
as he saw the officers of justice he turned about
and ran like a deer, a sure proof that he must be
some evil-doer; I ran after him, and had it not
been that he stumbled and fell, I should never
have caught him."
"What did you run for, fellow?" said Sancho.
 To which the young man replied, "Senor, it
was to avoid answering all the questions offi-
cers of justice put."
"What are you by trade?"
"A weaver."
"And what do you weave?"
"Lance heads, with your worship's good lea-
ve."
"You're facetious with me! You plume your-
self on being a wag? Very good; and where
were you going just now?"
"To take the air, senor."
"And where does one take the air in this is-
land?"
"Where it blows."
"Good! your answers are very much to the
point; you are a smart youth; but take notice
that I am the air, and that I blow upon you a-
stern, and send you to gaol. Ho there! lay hold
of him and take him off; I'll make him sleep
there to-night without air."
 "By God," said the young man, "your wors-
hip will make me sleep in gaol just as soon as
make me king."
"Why shan't I make thee sleep in gaol?" said
Sancho. "Have I not the power to arrest thee
and release thee whenever I like?"
"All the power your worship has," said the
young man, "won't be able to make me sleep in
gaol."
"How? not able!" said Sancho; "take him
away at once where he'll see his mistake with
his own eyes, even if the gaoler is willing to
exert his interested generosity on his behalf; for
I'll lay a penalty of two thousand ducats on him
if he allows him to stir a step from the prison."
"That's ridiculous," said the young man; "the
fact is, all the men on earth will not make me
sleep in prison."
"Tell me, you devil," said Sancho, "have you
got any angel that will deliver you, and take off
the irons I am going to order them to put upon
you?"
 "Now, senor governor," said the young man
in a sprightly manner, "let us be reasonable and
come to the point. Granted your worship may
order me to be taken to prison, and to have
irons and chains put on me, and to be shut up
in a cell, and may lay heavy penalties on the
gaoler if he lets me out, and that he obeys your
orders; still, if I don't choose to sleep, and choo-
se to remain awake all night without closing an
eye, will your worship with all your power be
able to make me sleep if I don't choose?"
"No, truly," said the secretary, "and the fe-
llow has made his point."
"So then," said Sancho, "it would be entirely
of your own choice you would keep from slee-
ping; not in opposition to my will?"
"No, senor," said the youth, "certainly not."
"Well then, go, and God be with you," said
Sancho; "be off home to sleep, and God give
you sound sleep, for I don't want to rob you of
it; but for the future, let me advise you don't
joke with the authorities, because you may co-
me across some one who will bring down the
joke on your own skull."
The young man went his way, and the go-
vernor continued his round, and shortly after-
wards two tipstaffs came up with a man in cus-
tody, and said, "Senor governor, this person,
who seems to be a man, is not so, but a woman,
and not an ill-favoured one, in man's clothes."
They raised two or three lanterns to her face,
and by their light they distinguished the featu-
res of a woman to all appearance of the age of
sixteen or a little more, with her hair gathered
into a gold and green silk net, and fair as a
thousand pearls. They scanned her from head
to foot, and observed that she had on red silk
stockings with garters of white taffety bordered
with gold and pearl; her breeches were of green
and gold stuff, and under an open jacket or
jerkin of the same she wore a doublet of the
finest white and gold cloth; her shoes were
white and such as men wear; she carried no
sword at her belt, but only a richly ornamented
dagger, and on her fingers she had several
handsome rings. In short, the girl seemed fair
to look at in the eyes of all, and none of those
who beheld her knew her, the people of the
town said they could not imagine who she was,
and those who were in the secret of the jokes
that were to be practised upon Sancho were the
ones who were most surprised, for this incident
or discovery had not been arranged by them;
and they watched anxiously to see how the
affair would end.
Sancho was fascinated by the girl's beauty,
and he asked her who she was, where she was
going, and what had induced her to dress her-
self in that garb. She with her eyes fixed on the
ground answered in modest confusion, "I can-
not tell you, senor, before so many people what
it is of such consequence to me to have kept
secret; one thing I wish to be known, that I am
no thief or evildoer, but only an unhappy mai-
den whom the power of jealousy has led to
break through the respect that is due to modes-
ty."
Hearing this the majordomo said to Sancho,
"Make the people stand back, senor governor,
that this lady may say what she wishes with
less embarrassment."
Sancho gave the order, and all except the
majordomo, the head-carver, and the secretary
fell back. Finding herself then in the presence of
no more, the damsel went on to say, "I am the
daughter, sirs, of Pedro Perez Mazorca, the
wool-farmer of this town, who is in the habit of
coming very often to my father's house."
"That won't do, senora," said the majordo-
mo; "for I know Pedro Perez very well, and I
know he has no child at all, either son or
daughter; and besides, though you say he is
your father, you add then that he comes very
often to your father's house."
"I had already noticed that," said Sancho.
"I am confused just now, sirs," said the dam-
sel, "and I don't know what I am saying; but the
truth is that I am the daughter of Diego de la
Llana, whom you must all know."
"Ay, that will do," said the majordomo; "for I
know Diego de la Llana, and know that he is a
gentleman of position and a rich man, and that
he has a son and a daughter, and that since he
was left a widower nobody in all this town can
speak of having seen his daughter's face; for he
keeps her so closely shut up that he does not
give even the sun a chance of seeing her; and
for all that report says she is extremely beauti-
ful."
"It is true," said the damsel, "and I am that
daughter; whether report lies or not as to my
beauty, you, sirs, will have decided by this ti-
me, as you have seen me;" and with this she
began to weep bitterly.
On seeing this the secretary leant over to the
head-carver's ear, and said to him in a low voi-
ce, "Something serious has no doubt happened
this poor maiden, that she goes wandering
from home in such a dress and at such an hour,
and one of her rank too." "There can be no
doubt about it," returned the carver, "and mo-
reover her tears confirm your suspicion." San-
cho gave her the best comfort he could, and
entreated her to tell them without any fear
what had happened her, as they would all ear-
nestly and by every means in their power en-
deavour to relieve her.
"The fact is, sirs," said she, "that my father
has kept me shut up these ten years, for so long
is it since the earth received my mother. Mass is
said at home in a sumptuous chapel, and all
this time I have seen but the sun in the heaven
by day, and the moon and the stars by night;
nor do I know what streets are like, or plazas,
or churches, or even men, except my father and
a brother I have, and Pedro Perez the wool-
farmer; whom, because he came frequently to
our house, I took it into my head to call my
father, to avoid naming my own. This seclusion
and the restrictions laid upon my going out,
were it only to church, have been keeping me
unhappy for many a day and month past; I
longed to see the world, or at least the town
where I was born, and it did not seem to me
that this wish was inconsistent with the respect
maidens of good quality should have for them-
selves. When I heard them talking of bull-fights
taking place, and of javelin games, and of ac-
ting plays, I asked my brother, who is a year
younger than myself, to tell me what sort of
things these were, and many more that I had
never seen; he explained them to me as well as
he could, but the only effect was to kindle in
me a still stronger desire to see them. At last, to
cut short the story of my ruin, I begged and
entreated my brother—O that I had never made
such an entreaty-" And once more she gave
way to a burst of weeping.
"Proceed, senora," said the majordomo, "and
finish your story of what has happened to you,
for your words and tears are keeping us all in
suspense."
 "I have but little more to say, though many a
tear to shed," said the damsel; "for ill-placed
desires can only be paid for in some such way."
The maiden's beauty had made a deep im-
pression on the head-carver's heart, and he
again raised his lantern for another look at her,
and thought they were not tears she was shed-
ding, but seed-pearl or dew of the meadow,
nay, he exalted them still higher, and made
Oriental pearls of them, and fervently hoped
her misfortune might not be so great a one as
her tears and sobs seemed to indicate. The go-
vernor was losing patience at the length of time
the girl was taking to tell her story, and told her
not to keep them waiting any longer; for it was
late, and there still remained a good deal of the
town to be gone over.
She, with broken sobs and half-suppressed
sighs, went on to say, "My misfortune, my mi-
sadventure, is simply this, that I entreated my
brother to dress me up as a man in a suit of his
clothes, and take me some night, when our fat-
her was asleep, to see the whole town; he, over-
come by my entreaties, consented, and dressing
me in this suit and himself in clothes of mine
that fitted him as if made for him (for he has
not a hair on his chin, and might pass for a very
beautiful young girl), to-night, about an hour
ago, more or less, we left the house, and guided
by our youthful and foolish impulse we made
the circuit of the whole town, and then, as we
were about to return home, we saw a great tro-
op of people coming, and my brother said to
me, 'Sister, this must be the round, stir your feet
and put wings to them, and follow me as fast as
you can, lest they recognise us, for that would
be a bad business for us;' and so saying he tur-
ned about and began, I cannot say to run but to
fly; in less than six paces I fell from fright, and
then the officer of justice came up and carried
me before your worships, where I find myself
put to shame before all these people as whimsi-
cal and vicious."
 "So then, senora," said Sancho, "no other
mishap has befallen you, nor was it jealousy
that made you leave home, as you said at the
beginning of your story?"
"Nothing has happened me," said she, "nor
was it jealousy that brought me out, but merely
a longing to see the world, which did not go
beyond seeing the streets of this town."
The appearance of the tipstaffs with her
brother in custody, whom one of them had
overtaken as he ran away from his sister, now
fully confirmed the truth of what the damsel
said. He had nothing on but a rich petticoat and
a short blue damask cloak with fine gold lace,
and his head was uncovered and adorned only
with its own hair, which looked like rings of
gold, so bright and curly was it. The governor,
the majordomo, and the carver went aside with
him, and, unheard by his sister, asked him how
he came to be in that dress, and he with no less
shame and embarrassment told exactly the sa-
me story as his sister, to the great delight of the
enamoured carver; the governor, however, said
to them, "In truth, young lady and gentleman,
this has been a very childish affair, and to ex-
plain your folly and rashness there was no ne-
cessity for all this delay and all these tears and
sighs; for if you had said we are so-and-so, and
we escaped from our father's house in this way
in order to ramble about, out of mere curiosity
and with no other object, there would have
been an end of the matter, and none of these
little sobs and tears and all the rest of it."
"That is true," said the damsel, "but you see
the confusion I was in was so great it did not let
me behave as I ought."
"No harm has been done," said Sancho; "co-
me, we will leave you at your father's house;
perhaps they will not have missed you; and
another time don't be so childish or eager to see
the world; for a respectable damsel should have
a broken leg and keep at home; and the woman
and the hen by gadding about are soon lost;
and she who is eager to see is also eager to be
seen; I say no more."
The youth thanked the governor for his kind
offer to take them home, and they directed their
steps towards the house, which was not far off.
On reaching it the youth threw a pebble up at a
grating, and immediately a woman-servant
who was waiting for them came down and
opened the door to them, and they went in,
leaving the party marvelling as much at their
grace and beauty as at the fancy they had for
seeing the world by night and without quitting
the village; which, however, they set down to
their youth.
The head-carver was left with a heart pier-
ced through and through, and he made up his
mind on the spot to demand the damsel in ma-
rriage of her father on the morrow, making
sure she would not be refused him as he was a
servant of the duke's; and even to Sancho ideas
and schemes of marrying the youth to his
daughter Sanchica suggested themselves, and
he resolved to open the negotiation at the pro-
per season, persuading himself that no hus-
band could be refused to a governor's daugh-
ter. And so the night's round came to an end,
and a couple of days later the government,
whereby all his plans were overthrown and
swept away, as will be seen farther on.

CHAPTER L.

WHEREIN IS SET FORTH WHO

THE ENCHANTERS AND EXECUTIO-
NERS WERE WHO FLOGGED THE
DUENNA AND PINCHED DON
QUIXOTE, AND ALSO WHAT BEFELL
THE PAGE WHO CARRIED THE LET-
TER TO TERESA PANZA, SANCHO
PANZA'S WIFE

Cide Hamete, the painstaking investigator of

the minute points of this veracious history, says
that when Dona Rodriguez left her own room
to go to Don Quixote's, another duenna who
slept with her observed her, and as all duennas
are fond of prying, listening, and sniffing, she
followed her so silently that the good Rodri-
guez never perceived it; and as soon as the
duenna saw her enter Don Quixote's room, not
to fail in a duenna's invariable practice of tat-
tling, she hurried off that instant to report to
the duchess how Dona Rodriguez was closeted
with Don Quixote. The duchess told the duke,
and asked him to let her and Altisidora go and
see what the said duenna wanted with Don
Quixote. The duke gave them leave, and the
pair cautiously and quietly crept to the door of
the room and posted themselves so close to it
that they could hear all that was said inside.
But when the duchess heard how the Rodri-
guez had made public the Aranjuez of her is-
sues she could not restrain herself, nor Altisi-
dora either; and so, filled with rage and thirs-
ting for vengeance, they burst into the room
and tormented Don Quixote and flogged the
duenna in the manner already described; for
indignities offered to their charms and self-
esteem mightily provoke the anger of women
and make them eager for revenge. The duchess
told the duke what had happened, and he was
much amused by it; and she, in pursuance of
her design of making merry and diverting her-
self with Don Quixote, despatched the page
who had played the part of Dulcinea in the
negotiations for her disenchantment (which
Sancho Panza in the cares of government had
forgotten all about) to Teresa Panza his wife
with her husband's letter and another from
herself, and also a great string of fine coral be-
ads as a present.
 Now the history says this page was very
sharp and quick-witted; and eager to serve his
lord and lady he set off very willingly for San-
cho's village. Before he entered it he observed a
number of women washing in a brook, and
asked them if they could tell him whether there
lived there a woman of the name of Teresa
Panza, wife of one Sancho Panza, squire to a
knight called Don Quixote of La Mancha. At
the question a young girl who was washing
stood up and said, "Teresa Panza is my mother,
and that Sancho is my father, and that knight is
our master."
"Well then, miss," said the page, "come and
show me where your mother is, for I bring her
a letter and a present from your father."
"That I will with all my heart, senor," said
the girl, who seemed to be about fourteen, mo-
re or less; and leaving the clothes she was was-
hing to one of her companions, and without
putting anything on her head or feet, for she
was bare-legged and had her hair hanging
about her, away she skipped in front of the pa-
ge's horse, saying, "Come, your worship, our
house is at the entrance of the town, and my
mother is there, sorrowful enough at not
having had any news of my father this ever so
long."
"Well," said the page, "I am bringing her
such good news that she will have reason to
thank God."
And then, skipping, running, and capering,
the girl reached the town, but before going into
the house she called out at the door, "Come out,
mother Teresa, come out, come out; here's a
gentleman with letters and other things from
my good father." At these words her mother
Teresa Panza came out spinning a bundle of
flax, in a grey petticoat (so short was it one
would have fancied "they to her shame had cut
it short"), a grey bodice of the same stuff, and a
smock. She was not very old, though plainly
past forty, strong, healthy, vigorous, and sun-
dried; and seeing her daughter and the page on
horseback, she exclaimed, "What's this, child?
What gentleman is this?"
"A servant of my lady, Dona Teresa Panza,"
replied the page; and suiting the action to the
word he flung himself off his horse, and with
great humility advanced to kneel before the
lady Teresa, saying, "Let me kiss your hand,
Senora Dona Teresa, as the lawful and only
wife of Senor Don Sancho Panza, rightful go-
vernor of the island of Barataria."
"Ah, senor, get up, do that," said Teresa; "for
I'm not a bit of a court lady, but only a poor
country woman, the daughter of a clodcrusher,
and the wife of a squire-errant and not of any
governor at all."
"You are," said the page, "the most worthy
wife of a most arch-worthy governor; and as a
proof of what I say accept this letter and this
present;" and at the same time he took out of
his pocket a string of coral beads with gold
clasps, and placed it on her neck, and said,
"This letter is from his lordship the governor,
and the other as well as these coral beads from
my lady the duchess, who sends me to your
worship."
Teresa stood lost in astonishment, and her
daughter just as much, and the girl said, "May I
die but our master Don Quixote's at the bottom
of this; he must have given father the govern-
ment or county he so often promised him."
"That is the truth," said the page; "for it is
through Senor Don Quixote that Senor Sancho
is now governor of the island of Barataria, as
will be seen by this letter."
"Will your worship read it to me, noble sir?"
said Teresa; "for though I can spin I can't read,
not a scrap."
"Nor I either," said Sanchica; "but wait a bit,
and I'll go and fetch some one who can read it,
either the curate himself or the bachelor Sam-
son Carrasco, and they'll come gladly to hear
any news of my father."
"There is no need to fetch anybody," said the
page; "for though I can't spin I can read, and I'll
read it;" and so he read it through, but as it has
been already given it is not inserted here; and
then he took out the other one from the du-
chess, which ran as follows:
Friend Teresa,—Your husband Sancho's go-
od qualities, of heart as well as of head, indu-
ced and compelled me to request my husband
the duke to give him the government of one of
his many islands. I am told he governs like a
gerfalcon, of which I am very glad, and my lord
the duke, of course, also; and I am very thank-
ful to heaven that I have not made a mistake in
choosing him for that same government; for I
would have Senora Teresa know that a good
governor is hard to find in this world and may
God make me as good as Sancho's way of go-
verning. Herewith I send you, my dear, a string
of coral beads with gold clasps; I wish they we-
re Oriental pearls; but "he who gives thee a
bone does not wish to see thee dead;" a time
will come when we shall become acquainted
and meet one another, but God knows the futu-
re. Commend me to your daughter Sanchica,
and tell her from me to hold herself in readi-
ness, for I mean to make a high match for her
when she least expects it. They tell me there are
big acorns in your village; send me a couple of
dozen or so, and I shall value them greatly as
coming from your hand; and write to me at
length to assure me of your health and well-
being; and if there be anything you stand in
need of, it is but to open your mouth, and that
shall be the measure; and so God keep you.
From this place. Your loving friend, THE
DUCHESS.
"Ah, what a good, plain, lowly lady!" said
Teresa when she heard the letter; "that I may be
buried with ladies of that sort, and not the gen-
tlewomen we have in this town, that fancy be-
cause they are gentlewomen the wind must not
touch them, and go to church with as much airs
as if they were queens, no less, and seem to
think they are disgraced if they look at a far-
mer's wife! And see here how this good lady,
for all she's a duchess, calls me 'friend,' and
treats me as if I was her equal—and equal may
I see her with the tallest church-tower in La
Mancha! And as for the acorns, senor, I'll send
her ladyship a peck and such big ones that one
might come to see them as a show and a won-
der. And now, Sanchica, see that the gentleman
is comfortable; put up his horse, and get some
eggs out of the stable, and cut plenty of bacon,
and let's give him his dinner like a prince; for
the good news he has brought, and his own
bonny face deserve it all; and meanwhile I'll
run out and give the neighbours the news of
our good luck, and father curate, and Master
Nicholas the barber, who are and always have
been such friends of thy father's."
"That I will, mother," said Sanchica; "but
mind, you must give me half of that string; for I
don't think my lady the duchess could have
been so stupid as to send it all to you."
 "It is all for thee, my child," said Teresa; "but
let me wear it round my neck for a few days;
for verily it seems to make my heart glad."
"You will be glad too," said the page, "when
you see the bundle there is in this portmanteau,
for it is a suit of the finest cloth, that the gover-
nor only wore one day out hunting and now
sends, all for Senora Sanchica."
"May he live a thousand years," said Sanchi-
ca, "and the bearer as many, nay two thousand,
if needful."
With this Teresa hurried out of the house
with the letters, and with the string of beads
round her neck, and went along thrumming the
letters as if they were a tambourine, and by
chance coming across the curate and Samson
Carrasco she began capering and saying, "None
of us poor now, faith! We've got a little go-
vernment! Ay, let the finest fine lady tackle me,
and I'll give her a setting down!"
 "What's all this, Teresa Panza," said they;
"what madness is this, and what papers are
those?"
"The madness is only this," said she, "that
these are the letters of duchesses and gover-
nors, and these I have on my neck are fine coral
beads, with ave-marias and paternosters of
beaten gold, and I am a governess."
"God help us," said the curate, "we don't un-
derstand you, Teresa, or know what you are
talking about."
"There, you may see it yourselves," said Te-
resa, and she handed them the letters.
The curate read them out for Samson Ca-
rrasco to hear, and Samson and he regarded
one another with looks of astonishment at what
they had read, and the bachelor asked who had
brought the letters. Teresa in reply bade them
come with her to her house and they would see
the messenger, a most elegant youth, who had
brought another present which was worth as
much more. The curate took the coral beads
from her neck and examined them again and
again, and having satisfied himself as to their
fineness he fell to wondering afresh, and said,
"By the gown I wear I don't know what to say
or think of these letters and presents; on the
one hand I can see and feel the fineness of these
coral beads, and on the other I read how a du-
chess sends to beg for a couple of dozen of
acorns."
"Square that if you can," said Carrasco;
"well, let's go and see the messenger, and from
him we'll learn something about this mystery
that has turned up."
They did so, and Teresa returned with them.
They found the page sifting a little barley for
his horse, and Sanchica cutting a rasher of ba-
con to be paved with eggs for his dinner. His
looks and his handsome apparel pleased them
both greatly; and after they had saluted him
courteously, and he them, Samson begged him
to give them his news, as well of Don Quixote
as of Sancho Panza, for, he said, though they
had read the letters from Sancho and her la-
dyship the duchess, they were still puzzled and
could not make out what was meant by San-
cho's government, and above all of an island,
when all or most of those in the Mediterranean
belonged to his Majesty.
To this the page replied, "As to Senor Sancho
Panza's being a governor there is no doubt
whatever; but whether it is an island or not that
he governs, with that I have nothing to do; suf-
fice it that it is a town of more than a thousand
inhabitants; with regard to the acorns I may tell
you my lady the duchess is so unpretending
and unassuming that, not to speak of sending
to beg for acorns from a peasant woman, she
has been known to send to ask for the loan of a
comb from one of her neighbours; for I would
have your worships know that the ladies of
Aragon, though they are just as illustrious, are
not so punctilious and haughty as the Castilian
ladies; they treat people with greater familiari-
ty."
 In the middle of this conversation Sanchica
came in with her skirt full of eggs, and said she
to the page, "Tell me, senor, does my father
wear trunk-hose since he has been governor?"
"I have not noticed," said the page; "but no
doubt he wears them."
"Ah! my God!" said Sanchica, "what a sight it
must be to see my father in tights! Isn't it odd
that ever since I was born I have had a longing
to see my father in trunk-hose?"
"As things go you will see that if you live,"
said the page; "by God he is in the way to take
the road with a sunshade if the government
only lasts him two months more."
The curate and the bachelor could see plain-
ly enough that the page spoke in a waggish
vein; but the fineness of the coral beads, and
the hunting suit that Sancho sent (for Teresa
had already shown it to them) did away with
the impression; and they could not help laug-
hing at Sanchica's wish, and still more when
Teresa said, "Senor curate, look about if there's
anybody here going to Madrid or Toledo, to
buy me a hooped petticoat, a proper fashiona-
ble one of the best quality; for indeed and inde-
ed I must do honour to my husband's govern-
ment as well as I can; nay, if I am put to it and
have to, I'll go to Court and set a coach like all
the world; for she who has a governor for her
husband may very well have one and keep
one."
"And why not, mother!" said Sanchica;
"would to God it were to-day instead of to-
morrow, even though they were to say when
they saw me seated in the coach with my mot-
her, 'See that rubbish, that garlic-stuffed fe-
llow's daughter, how she goes stretched at her
ease in a coach as if she was a she-pope!' But let
them tramp through the mud, and let me go in
my coach with my feet off the ground. Bad luck
to backbiters all over the world; 'let me go
warm and the people may laugh.' Do I say
right, mother?"
 "To be sure you do, my child," said Teresa;
"and all this good luck, and even more, my go-
od Sancho foretold me; and thou wilt see, my
daughter, he won't stop till he has made me a
countess; for to make a beginning is everything
in luck; and as I have heard thy good father say
many a time (for besides being thy father he's
the father of proverbs too), 'When they offer
thee a heifer, run with a halter; when they offer
thee a government, take it; when they would
give thee a county, seize it; when they say,
"Here, here!" to thee with something good, swa-
llow it.' Oh no! go to sleep, and don't answer
the strokes of good fortune and the lucky chan-
ces that are knocking at the door of your hou-
se!"
"And what do I care," added Sanchica,
"whether anybody says when he sees me hol-
ding my head up, 'The dog saw himself in
hempen breeches,' and the rest of it?"
Hearing this the curate said, "I do believe
that all this family of the Panzas are born with a
sackful of proverbs in their insides, every one
of them; I never saw one of them that does not
pour them out at all times and on all occasions."
"That is true," said the page, "for Senor Go-
vernor Sancho utters them at every turn; and
though a great many of them are not to the
purpose, still they amuse one, and my lady the
duchess and the duke praise them highly."
"Then you still maintain that all this about
Sancho's government is true, senor," said the
bachelor, "and that there actually is a duchess
who sends him presents and writes to him?
Because we, although we have handled the
present and read the letters, don't believe it and
suspect it to be something in the line of our
fellow-townsman Don Quixote, who fancies
that everything is done by enchantment; and
for this reason I am almost ready to say that I'd
like to touch and feel your worship to see
whether you are a mere ambassador of the
imagination or a man of flesh and blood."
 "All I know, sirs," replied the page, "is that I
am a real ambassador, and that Senor Sancho
Panza is governor as a matter of fact, and that
my lord and lady the duke and duchess can
give, and have given him this same govern-
ment, and that I have heard the said Sancho
Panza bears himself very stoutly therein; whet-
her there be any enchantment in all this or not,
it is for your worships to settle between you;
for that's all I know by the oath I swear, and
that is by the life of my parents whom I have
still alive, and love dearly."
"It may be so," said the bachelor; "but dubi-
tat Augustinus."
"Doubt who will," said the page; "what I
have told you is the truth, and that will always
rise above falsehood as oil above water; if not
operibus credite, et non verbis. Let one of you
come with me, and he will see with his eyes
what he does not believe with his ears."
"It's for me to make that trip," said Sanchica;
"take me with you, senor, behind you on your
horse; for I'll go with all my heart to see my
father."
"Governors' daughters," said the page, "must
not travel along the roads alone, but accompa-
nied by coaches and litters and a great number
of attendants."
"By God," said Sanchica, "I can go just as
well mounted on a she-ass as in a coach; what a
dainty lass you must take me for!"
"Hush, girl," said Teresa; "you don't know
what you're talking about; the gentleman is
quite right, for 'as the time so the behaviour;'
when it was Sancho it was 'Sancha;' when it is
governor it's 'senora;' I don't know if I'm right."
"Senora Teresa says more than she is aware
of," said the page; "and now give me something
to eat and let me go at once, for I mean to re-
turn this evening."
"Come and do penance with me," said the
curate at this; "for Senora
Teresa has more will than means to serve so
worthy a guest."
 The page refused, but had to consent at last
for his own sake; and the curate took him home
with him very gladly, in order to have an op-
portunity of questioning him at leisure about
Don Quixote and his doings. The bachelor offe-
red to write the letters in reply for Teresa; but
she did not care to let him mix himself up in
her affairs, for she thought him somewhat gi-
ven to joking; and so she gave a cake and a
couple of eggs to a young acolyte who was a
penman, and he wrote for her two letters, one
for her husband and the other for the duchess,
dictated out of her own head, which are not the
worst inserted in this great history, as will be
seen farther on.
 CHAPTER LI.

OF THE PROGRESS OF SANCHO'S

GOVERNMENT, AND OTHER SUCH
ENTERTAINING MATTERS

Day came after the night of the governor's

round; a night which the head-carver passed
without sleeping, so were his thoughts of the
face and air and beauty of the disguised dam-
sel, while the majordomo spent what was left of
it in writing an account to his lord and lady of
all Sancho said and did, being as much amazed
at his sayings as at his doings, for there was a
mixture of shrewdness and simplicity in all his
words and deeds. The senor governor got up,
and by Doctor Pedro Recio's directions they
made him break his fast on a little conserve and
four sups of cold water, which Sancho would
have readily exchanged for a piece of bread and
a bunch of grapes; but seeing there was no help
for it, he submitted with no little sorrow of
heart and discomfort of stomach; Pedro Recio
having persuaded him that light and delicate
diet enlivened the wits, and that was what was
most essential for persons placed in command
and in responsible situations, where they have
to employ not only the bodily powers but those
of the mind also.
By means of this sophistry Sancho was made
to endure hunger, and hunger so keen that in
his heart he cursed the government, and even
him who had given it to him; however, with his
hunger and his conserve he undertook to deli-
ver judgments that day, and the first thing that
came before him was a question that was sub-
mitted to him by a stranger, in the presence of
the majordomo and the other attendants, and it
was in these words: "Senor, a large river sepa-
rated two districts of one and the same lords-
hip—will your worship please to pay attention,
for the case is an important and a rather knotty
one? Well then, on this river there was a bridge,
and at one end of it a gallows, and a sort of tri-
bunal, where four judges commonly sat to ad-
minister the law which the lord of river, bridge
and the lordship had enacted, and which was
to this effect, 'If anyone crosses by this bridge
from one side to the other he shall declare on
oath where he is going to and with what object;
and if he swears truly, he shall be allowed to
pass, but if falsely, he shall be put to death for it
by hanging on the gallows erected there, wit-
hout any remission.' Though the law and its
severe penalty were known, many persons
crossed, but in their declarations it was easy to
see at once they were telling the truth, and the
judges let them pass free. It happened, howe-
ver, that one man, when they came to take his
declaration, swore and said that by the oath he
took he was going to die upon that gallows that
stood there, and nothing else. The judges held a
consultation over the oath, and they said, 'If we
let this man pass free he has sworn falsely, and
by the law he ought to die; but if we hang him,
as he swore he was going to die on that ga-
llows, and therefore swore the truth, by the
same law he ought to go free.' It is asked of
your worship, senor governor, what are the
judges to do with this man? For they are still in
doubt and perplexity; and having heard of your
worship's acute and exalted intellect, they have
sent me to entreat your worship on their behalf
to give your opinion on this very intricate and
puzzling case."
To this Sancho made answer, "Indeed those
gentlemen the judges that send you to me
might have spared themselves the trouble, for I
have more of the obtuse than the acute in me;
but repeat the case over again, so that I may
understand it, and then perhaps I may be able
to hit the point."
The querist repeated again and again what
he had said before, and then Sancho said, "It
seems to me I can set the matter right in a mo-
ment, and in this way; the man swears that he
is going to die upon the gallows; but if he dies
upon it, he has sworn the truth, and by the law
enacted deserves to go free and pass over the
bridge; but if they don't hang him, then he has
sworn falsely, and by the same law deserves to
be hanged."
"It is as the senor governor says," said the
messenger; "and as regards a complete com-
prehension of the case, there is nothing left to
desire or hesitate about."
"Well then I say," said Sancho, "that of this
man they should let pass the part that has
sworn truly, and hang the part that has lied;
and in this way the conditions of the passage
will be fully complied with."
"But then, senor governor," replied the que-
rist, "the man will have to be divided into two
parts; and if he is divided of course he will die;
and so none of the requirements of the law will
be carried out, and it is absolutely necessary to
comply with it."
 "Look here, my good sir," said Sancho; "eit-
her I'm a numskull or else there is the same
reason for this passenger dying as for his living
and passing over the bridge; for if the truth
saves him the falsehood equally condemns him;
and that being the case it is my opinion you
should say to the gentlemen who sent you to
me that as the arguments for condemning him
and for absolving him are exactly balanced,
they should let him pass freely, as it is always
more praiseworthy to do good than to do evil;
this I would give signed with my name if I
knew how to sign; and what I have said in this
case is not out of my own head, but one of the
many precepts my master Don Quixote gave
me the night before I left to become governor of
this island, that came into my mind, and it was
this, that when there was any doubt about the
justice of a case I should lean to mercy; and it is
God's will that I should recollect it now, for it
fits this case as if it was made for it."
 "That is true," said the majordomo; "and I
maintain that Lycurgus himself, who gave laws
to the Lacedemonians, could not have pro-
nounced a better decision than the great Panza
has given; let the morning's audience close with
this, and I will see that the senor governor has
dinner entirely to his liking."
"That's all I ask for—fair play," said Sancho;
"give me my dinner, and then let it rain cases
and questions on me, and I'll despatch them in
a twinkling."
The majordomo kept his word, for he felt it
against his conscience to kill so wise a governor
by hunger; particularly as he intended to have
done with him that same night, playing off the
last joke he was commissioned to practise upon
him.
It came to pass, then, that after he had dined
that day, in opposition to the rules and ap-
horisms of Doctor Tirteafuera, as they were
taking away the cloth there came a courier with
a letter from Don Quixote for the governor.
Sancho ordered the secretary to read it to him-
self, and if there was nothing in it that deman-
ded secrecy to read it aloud. The secretary did
so, and after he had skimmed the contents he
said, "It may well be read aloud, for what Senor
Don Quixote writes to your worship deserves
to be printed or written in letters of gold, and it
is as follows."

DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA'S

LETTER TO SANCHO PANZA, GOVER-
NOR OF THE ISLAND OF BARATARIA.
When I was expecting to hear of thy stupidi-
ties and blunders, friend Sancho, I have recei-
ved intelligence of thy displays of good sense,
for which I give special thanks to heaven that
can raise the poor from the dunghill and of
fools to make wise men. They tell me thou dost
govern as if thou wert a man, and art a man as
if thou wert a beast, so great is the humility
wherewith thou dost comport thyself. But I
would have thee bear in mind, Sancho, that
very often it is fitting and necessary for the
authority of office to resist the humility of the
heart; for the seemly array of one who is inves-
ted with grave duties should be such as they
require and not measured by what his own
humble tastes may lead him to prefer. Dress
well; a stick dressed up does not look like a
stick; I do not say thou shouldst wear trinkets
or fine raiment, or that being a judge thou
shouldst dress like a soldier, but that thou
shouldst array thyself in the apparel thy office
requires, and that at the same time it be neat
and handsome. To win the good-will of the
people thou governest there are two things,
among others, that thou must do; one is to be
civil to all (this, however, I told thee before),
and the other to take care that food be abun-
dant, for there is nothing that vexes the heart of
the poor more than hunger and high prices.
Make not many proclamations; but those thou
makest take care that they be good ones, and
above all that they be observed and carried out;
for proclamations that are not observed are the
same as if they did not exist; nay, they encou-
rage the idea that the prince who had the wis-
dom and authority to make them had not the
power to enforce them; and laws that threaten
and are not enforced come to be like the log, the
king of the frogs, that frightened them at first,
but that in time they despised and mounted
upon. Be a father to virtue and a stepfather to
vice. Be not always strict, nor yet always le-
nient, but observe a mean between these two
extremes, for in that is the aim of wisdom. Visit
the gaols, the slaughter-houses, and the mar-
ket-places; for the presence of the governor is of
great importance in such places; it comforts the
prisoners who are in hopes of a speedy release,
it is the bugbear of the butchers who have then
to give just weight, and it is the terror of the
market-women for the same reason. Let it not
be seen that thou art (even if perchance thou
art, which I do not believe) covetous, a follower
of women, or a glutton; for when the people
and those that have dealings with thee become
aware of thy special weakness they will bring
their batteries to bear upon thee in that quarter,
till they have brought thee down to the depths
of perdition. Consider and reconsider, con and
con over again the advices and the instructions
I gave thee before thy departure hence to thy
government, and thou wilt see that in them, if
thou dost follow them, thou hast a help at hand
that will lighten for thee the troubles and diffi-
culties that beset governors at every step. Write
to thy lord and lady and show thyself grateful
to them, for ingratitude is the daughter of pri-
de, and one of the greatest sins we know of;
and he who is grateful to those who have been
good to him shows that he will be so to God
also who has bestowed and still bestows so
many blessings upon him.
My lady the duchess sent off a messenger
with thy suit and another present to thy wife
Teresa Panza; we expect the answer every mo-
ment. I have been a little indisposed through a
certain scratching I came in for, not very much
to the benefit of my nose; but it was nothing;
for if there are enchanters who maltreat me,
there are also some who defend me. Let me
know if the majordomo who is with thee had
any share in the Trifaldi performance, as thou
didst suspect; and keep me informed of everyt-
hing that happens thee, as the distance is so
short; all the more as I am thinking of giving
over very shortly this idle life I am now lea-
ding, for I was not born for it. A thing has occu-
rred to me which I am inclined to think will put
me out of favour with the duke and duchess;
but though I am sorry for it I do not care, for
after all I must obey my calling rather than
their pleasure, in accordance with the common
saying, amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas. I
quote this Latin to thee because I conclude that
since thou hast been a governor thou wilt have
learned it. Adieu; God keep thee from being an
object of pity to anyone.
 Thy friend, DON QUIXOTE OF LA MAN-
CHA.

Sancho listened to the letter with great atten-

tion, and it was praised and considered wise by
all who heard it; he then rose up from table,
and calling his secretary shut himself in with
him in his own room, and without putting it off
any longer set about answering his master Don
Quixote at once; and he bade the secretary wri-
te down what he told him without adding or
suppressing anything, which he did, and the
answer was to the following effect.

SANCHO PANZA'S LETTER TO DON

QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA.
The pressure of business is so great upon me
that I have no time to scratch my head or even
to cut my nails; and I have them so long-God
send a remedy for it. I say this, master of my
soul, that you may not be surprised if I have
not until now sent you word of how I fare, well
or ill, in this government, in which I am suffe-
ring more hunger than when we two were
wandering through the woods and wastes.
My lord the duke wrote to me the other day
to warn me that certain spies had got into this
island to kill me; but up to the present I have
not found out any except a certain doctor who
receives a salary in this town for killing all the
governors that come here; he is called Doctor
Pedro Recio, and is from Tirteafuera; so you see
what a name he has to make me dread dying
under his hands. This doctor says of himself
that he does not cure diseases when there are
any, but prevents them coming, and the medi-
cines he uses are diet and more diet until he
brings one down to bare bones; as if leanness
was not worse than fever.
In short he is killing me with hunger, and I
am dying myself of vexation; for when I
thought I was coming to this government to get
my meat hot and my drink cool, and take my
ease between holland sheets on feather beds, I
find I have come to do penance as if I was a
hermit; and as I don't do it willingly I suspect
that in the end the devil will carry me off.
So far I have not handled any dues or taken
any bribes, and I don't know what to think of it;
for here they tell me that the governors that
come to this island, before entering it have
plenty of money either given to them or lent to
them by the people of the town, and that this is
the usual custom not only here but with all
who enter upon governments.
Last night going the rounds I came upon a
fair damsel in man's clothes, and a brother of
hers dressed as a woman; my head-carver has
fallen in love with the girl, and has in his own
mind chosen her for a wife, so he says, and I
have chosen youth for a son-in-law; to-day we
are going to explain our intentions to the father
of the pair, who is one Diego de la Llana, a gen-
tleman and an old Christian as much as you
please.
 I have visited the market-places, as your
worship advises me, and yesterday I found a
stall-keeper selling new hazel nuts and proved
her to have mixed a bushel of old empty rotten
nuts with a bushel of new; I confiscated the
whole for the children of the charity-school,
who will know how to distinguish them well
enough, and I sentenced her not to come into
the market-place for a fortnight; they told me I
did bravely. I can tell your worship it is com-
monly said in this town that there are no peo-
ple worse than the market-women, for they are
all barefaced, unconscionable, and impudent,
and I can well believe it from what I have seen
of them in other towns.
I am very glad my lady the duchess has
written to my wife Teresa Panza and sent her
the present your worship speaks of; and I will
strive to show myself grateful when the time
comes; kiss her hands for me, and tell her I say
she has not thrown it into a sack with a hole in
it, as she will see in the end. I should not like
your worship to have any difference with my
lord and lady; for if you fall out with them it is
plain it must do me harm; and as you give me
advice to be grateful it will not do for your
worship not to be so yourself to those who
have shown you such kindness, and by whom
you have been treated so hospitably in their
castle.
That about the scratching I don't unders-
tand; but I suppose it must be one of the ill-
turns the wicked enchanters are always doing
your worship; when we meet I shall know all
about it. I wish I could send your worship so-
mething; but I don't know what to send, unless
it be some very curious clyster pipes, to work
with bladders, that they make in this island; but
if the office remains with me I'll find out so-
mething to send, one way or another. If my
wife Teresa Panza writes to me, pay the posta-
ge and send me the letter, for I have a very gre-
at desire to hear how my house and wife and
children are going on. And so, may God deliver
your worship from evil-minded enchanters,
and bring me well and peacefully out of this
government, which I doubt, for I expect to take
leave of it and my life together, from the way
Doctor Pedro Recio treats me.
Your worship's servant

SANCHO PANZA THE GOVER-

NOR.

The secretary sealed the letter, and immedia-

tely dismissed the courier; and those who were
carrying on the joke against Sancho putting
their heads together arranged how he was to be
dismissed from the government. Sancho spent
the afternoon in drawing up certain ordinances
relating to the good government of what he
fancied the island; and he ordained that there
were to be no provision hucksters in the State,
and that men might import wine into it from
any place they pleased, provided they declared
the quarter it came from, so that a price might
be put upon it according to its quality, reputa-
tion, and the estimation it was held in; and he
that watered his wine, or changed the name,
was to forfeit his life for it. He reduced the pri-
ces of all manner of shoes, boots, and stockings,
but of shoes in particular, as they seemed to
him to run extravagantly high. He established a
fixed rate for servants' wages, which were be-
coming recklessly exorbitant. He laid extremely
heavy penalties upon those who sang lewd or
loose songs either by day or night. He decreed
that no blind man should sing of any miracle in
verse, unless he could produce authentic evi-
dence that it was true, for it was his opinion
that most of those the blind men sing are trum-
ped up, to the detriment of the true ones. He
established and created an alguacil of the poor,
not to harass them, but to examine them and
see whether they really were so; for many a
sturdy thief or drunkard goes about under co-
ver of a make-believe crippled limb or a sham
sore. In a word, he made so many good rules
that to this day they are preserved there, and
are called The constitutions of the great gover-
nor Sancho Panza.

CHAPTER LII.

WHEREIN IS RELATED THE AD-

VENTURE OF THE SECOND DIS-
TRESSED OR AFFLICTED DUENNA,
OTHERWISE CALLED DONA RO-
DRIGUEZ

Cide Hamete relates that Don Quixote being

now cured of his scratches felt that the life he
was leading in the castle was entirely inconsis-
tent with the order of chivalry he professed, so
he determined to ask the duke and duchess to
permit him to take his departure for Saragossa,
as the time of the festival was now drawing
near, and he hoped to win there the suit of ar-
mour which is the prize at festivals of the sort.
But one day at table with the duke and du-
chess, just as he was about to carry his resolu-
tion into effect and ask for their permission, lo
and behold suddenly there came in through the
door of the great hall two women, as they af-
terwards proved to be, draped in mourning
from head to foot, one of whom approaching
Don Quixote flung herself at full length at his
feet, pressing her lips to them, and uttering
moans so sad, so deep, and so doleful that she
put all who heard and saw her into a state of
perplexity; and though the duke and duchess
supposed it must be some joke their servants
were playing off upon Don Quixote, still the
earnest way the woman sighed and moaned
and wept puzzled them and made them feel
uncertain, until Don Quixote, touched with
compassion, raised her up and made her unveil
herself and remove the mantle from her tearful
face. She complied and disclosed what no one
could have ever anticipated, for she disclosed
the countenance of Dona Rodriguez, the duen-
na of the house; the other female in mourning
being her daughter, who had been made a fool
of by the rich farmer's son. All who knew her
were filled with astonishment, and the duke
and duchess more than any; for though they
thought her a simpleton and a weak creature,
they did not think her capable of crazy pranks.
Dona Rodriguez, at length, turning to her mas-
ter and mistress said to them, "Will your exce-
llences be pleased to permit me to speak to this
gentleman for a moment, for it is requisite I
should do so in order to get successfully out of
the business in which the boldness of an evil-
minded clown has involved me?"
 The duke said that for his part he gave her
leave, and that she might speak with Senor Don
Quixote as much as she liked.
She then, turning to Don Quixote and ad-
dressing herself to him said, "Some days since,
valiant knight, I gave you an account of the
injustice and treachery of a wicked farmer to
my dearly beloved daughter, the unhappy
damsel here before you, and you promised me
to take her part and right the wrong that has
been done her; but now it has come to my hea-
ring that you are about to depart from this cas-
tle in quest of such fair adventures as God may
vouchsafe to you; therefore, before you take the
road, I would that you challenge this froward
rustic, and compel him to marry my daughter
in fulfillment of the promise he gave her to be-
come her husband before he seduced her; for to
expect that my lord the duke will do me justice
is to ask pears from the elm tree, for the reason
I stated privately to your worship; and so may
our Lord grant you good health and forsake us
not."
To these words Don Quixote replied very
gravely and solemnly, "Worthy duenna, check
your tears, or rather dry them, and spare your
sighs, for I take it upon myself to obtain redress
for your daughter, for whom it would have
been better not to have been so ready to believe
lovers' promises, which are for the most part
quickly made and very slowly performed; and
so, with my lord the duke's leave, I will at once
go in quest of this inhuman youth, and will
find him out and challenge him and slay him, if
so be he refuses to keep his promised word; for
the chief object of my profession is to spare the
humble and chastise the proud; I mean, to help
the distressed and destroy the oppressors."
"There is no necessity," said the duke, "for
your worship to take the trouble of seeking out
the rustic of whom this worthy duenna com-
plains, nor is there any necessity, either, for
asking my leave to challenge him; for I admit
him duly challenged, and will take care that he
is informed of the challenge, and accepts it, and
comes to answer it in person to this castle of
mine, where I shall afford to both a fair field,
observing all the conditions which are usually
and properly observed in such trials, and ob-
serving too justice to both sides, as all princes
who offer a free field to combatants within the
limits of their lordships are bound to do."
"Then with that assurance and your high-
ness's good leave," said Don Quixote, "I hereby
for this once waive my privilege of gentle blo-
od, and come down and put myself on a level
with the lowly birth of the wrong-doer, making
myself equal with him and enabling him to
enter into combat with me; and so, I challenge
and defy him, though absent, on the plea of his
malfeasance in breaking faith with this poor
damsel, who was a maiden and now by his
misdeed is none; and say that he shall fulfill the
promise he gave her to become her lawful hus-
band, or else stake his life upon the question."
 And then plucking off a glove he threw it
down in the middle of the hall, and the duke
picked it up, saying, as he had said before, that
he accepted the challenge in the name of his
vassal, and fixed six days thence as the time,
the courtyard of the castle as the place, and for
arms the customary ones of knights, lance and
shield and full armour, with all the other acces-
sories, without trickery, guile, or charms of any
sort, and examined and passed by the judges of
the field. "But first of all," he said, "it is requisite
that this worthy duenna and unworthy damsel
should place their claim for justice in the hands
of Don Quixote; for otherwise nothing can be
done, nor can the said challenge be brought to a
lawful issue."
"I do so place it," replied the duenna.
"And I too," added her daughter, all in tears
and covered with shame and confusion.
This declaration having been made, and the
duke having settled in his own mind what he
would do in the matter, the ladies in black
withdrew, and the duchess gave orders that for
the future they were not to be treated as ser-
vants of hers, but as lady adventurers who ca-
me to her house to demand justice; so they gave
them a room to themselves and waited on them
as they would on strangers, to the consterna-
tion of the other women-servants, who did not
know where the folly and imprudence of Dona
Rodriguez and her unlucky daughter would
stop.
And now, to complete the enjoyment of the
feast and bring the dinner to a satisfactory end,
lo and behold the page who had carried the
letters and presents to Teresa Panza, the wife of
the governor Sancho, entered the hall; and the
duke and duchess were very well pleased to
see him, being anxious to know the result of his
journey; but when they asked him the page
said in reply that he could not give it before so
many people or in a few words, and begged
their excellences to be pleased to let it wait for a
private opportunity, and in the meantime amu-
se themselves with these letters; and taking out
the letters he placed them in the duchess's
hand. One bore by way of address, Letter for
my lady the Duchess So-and-so, of I don't know
where; and the other To my husband Sancho
Panza, governor of the island of Barataria,
whom God prosper longer than me. The du-
chess's bread would not bake, as the saying is,
until she had read her letter; and having looked
over it herself and seen that it might be read
aloud for the duke and all present to hear, she
read out as follows.

TERESA PANZA'S LETTER TO THE

DUCHESS.
The letter your highness wrote me, my lady,
gave me great pleasure, for indeed I found it
very welcome. The string of coral beads is very
fine, and my husband's hunting suit does not
fall short of it. All this village is very much
pleased that your ladyship has made a gover-
nor of my good man Sancho; though nobody
will believe it, particularly the curate, and Mas-
ter Nicholas the barber, and the bachelor Sam-
son Carrasco; but I don't care for that, for so
long as it is true, as it is, they may all say what
they like; though, to tell the truth, if the coral
beads and the suit had not come I would not
have believed it either; for in this village every-
body thinks my husband a numskull, and ex-
cept for governing a flock of goats, they cannot
fancy what sort of government he can be fit for.
God grant it, and direct him according as he
sees his children stand in need of it. I am resol-
ved with your worship's leave, lady of my soul,
to make the most of this fair day, and go to
Court to stretch myself at ease in a coach, and
make all those I have envying me already burst
their eyes out; so I beg your excellence to order
my husband to send me a small trifle of money,
and to let it be something to speak of, because
one's expenses are heavy at the Court; for a loaf
costs a real, and meat thirty maravedis a
pound, which is beyond everything; and if he
does not want me to go let him tell me in time,
for my feet are on the fidgets to be off; and my
friends and neighbours tell me that if my
daughter and I make a figure and a brave show
at Court, my husband will come to be known
far more by me than I by him, for of course
plenty of people will ask, "Who are those ladies
in that coach?" and some servant of mine will
answer, "The wife and daughter of Sancho Pan-
za, governor of the island of Barataria;" and in
this way Sancho will become known, and I'll be
thought well of, and "to Rome for everything." I
am as vexed as vexed can be that they have
gathered no acorns this year in our village; for
all that I send your highness about half a peck
that I went to the wood to gather and pick out
one by one myself, and I could find no bigger
ones; I wish they were as big as ostrich eggs.
Let not your high mightiness forget to write
to me; and I will take care to answer, and let
you know how I am, and whatever news there
may be in this place, where I remain, praying
our Lord to have your highness in his keeping
and not to forget me.
Sancha my daughter, and my son, kiss your
worship's hands.
She who would rather see your ladyship
than write to you,
Your servant,

TERESA PANZA.

All were greatly amused by Teresa Panza's

letter, but particularly the duke and duchess;
and the duchess asked Don Quixote's opinion
whether they might open the letter that had
come for the governor, which she suspected
must be very good. Don Quixote said that to
gratify them he would open it, and did so, and
found that it ran as follows.
 TERESA PANZA'S LETTER TO HER
HUSBAND SANCHO PANZA.
I got thy letter, Sancho of my soul, and I
promise thee and swear as a Catholic Christian
that I was within two fingers' breadth of going
mad I was so happy. I can tell thee, brother,
when I came to hear that thou wert a governor I
thought I should have dropped dead with pure
joy; and thou knowest they say sudden joy kills
as well as great sorrow; and as for Sanchica thy
daughter, she leaked from sheer happiness. I
had before me the suit thou didst send me, and
the coral beads my lady the duchess sent me
round my neck, and the letters in my hands,
and there was the bearer of them standing by,
and in spite of all this I verily believed and
thought that what I saw and handled was all a
dream; for who could have thought that a go-
atherd would come to be a governor of islands?
Thou knowest, my friend, what my mother
used to say, that one must live long to see
much; I say it because I expect to see more if I
live longer; for I don't expect to stop until I see
thee a farmer of taxes or a collector of revenue,
which are offices where, though the devil ca-
rries off those who make a bad use of them, still
they make and handle money. My lady the du-
chess will tell thee the desire I have to go to the
Court; consider the matter and let me know thy
pleasure; I will try to do honour to thee by
going in a coach.
Neither the curate, nor the barber, nor the
bachelor, nor even the sacristan, can believe
that thou art a governor, and they say the who-
le thing is a delusion or an enchantment affair,
like everything belonging to thy master Don
Quixote; and Samson says he must go in search
of thee and drive the government out of thy
head and the madness out of Don Quixote's
skull; I only laugh, and look at my string of
beads, and plan out the dress I am going to
make for our daughter out of thy suit. I sent
some acorns to my lady the duchess; I wish
they had been gold. Send me some strings of
pearls if they are in fashion in that island. Here
is the news of the village; La Berrueca has ma-
rried her daughter to a good-for-nothing pain-
ter, who came here to paint anything that might
turn up. The council gave him an order to paint
his Majesty's arms over the door of the town-
hall; he asked two ducats, which they paid him
in advance; he worked for eight days, and at
the end of them had nothing painted, and then
said he had no turn for painting such trifling
things; he returned the money, and for all that
has married on the pretence of being a good
workman; to be sure he has now laid aside his
paint-brush and taken a spade in hand, and
goes to the field like a gentleman. Pedro Lobo's
son has received the first orders and tonsure,
with the intention of becoming a priest. Min-
guilla, Mingo Silvato's granddaughter, found it
out, and has gone to law with him on the score
of having given her promise of marriage. Evil
tongues say she is with child by him, but he
denies it stoutly. There are no olives this year,
and there is not a drop of vinegar to be had in
the whole village. A company of soldiers pas-
sed through here; when they left they took
away with them three of the girls of the village;
I will not tell thee who they are; perhaps they
will come back, and they will be sure to find
those who will take them for wives with all
their blemishes, good or bad. Sanchica is ma-
king bonelace; she earns eight maravedis a day
clear, which she puts into a moneybox as a help
towards house furnishing; but now that she is a
governor's daughter thou wilt give her a por-
tion without her working for it. The fountain in
the plaza has run dry. A flash of lightning
struck the gibbet, and I wish they all lit there. I
look for an answer to this, and to know thy
mind about my going to the Court; and so, God
keep thee longer than me, or as long, for I
would not leave thee in this world without me.
Thy wife,

TERESA PANZA.
 The letters were applauded, laughed over,
relished, and admired; and then, as if to put the
seal to the business, the courier arrived, brin-
ging the one Sancho sent to Don Quixote, and
this, too, was read out, and it raised some
doubts as to the governor's simplicity. The du-
chess withdrew to hear from the page about his
adventures in Sancho's village, which he narra-
ted at full length without leaving a single cir-
cumstance unmentioned. He gave her the
acorns, and also a cheese which Teresa had
given him as being particularly good and supe-
rior to those of Tronchon. The duchess received
it with greatest delight, in which we will leave
her, to describe the end of the government of
the great Sancho Panza, flower and mirror of
all governors of islands.
 CHAPTER LIII.

OF THE TROUBLOUS END AND

TERMINATION SANCHO PANZA'S
GOVERNMENT CAME TO

To fancy that in this life anything belonging

to it will remain for ever in the same state is an
idle fancy; on the contrary, in it everything se-
ems to go in a circle, I mean round and round.
The spring succeeds the summer, the summer
the fall, the fall the autumn, the autumn the
winter, and the winter the spring, and so time
rolls with never-ceasing wheel. Man's life alo-
ne, swifter than time, speeds onward to its end
without any hope of renewal, save it be in that
other life which is endless and boundless. Thus
saith Cide Hamete the Mahometan philosop-
her; for there are many that by the light of na-
ture alone, without the light of faith, have a
comprehension of the fleeting nature and ins-
tability of this present life and the endless dura-
tion of that eternal life we hope for; but our
author is here speaking of the rapidity with
which Sancho's government came to an end,
melted away, disappeared, vanished as it were
in smoke and shadow. For as he lay in bed on
the night of the seventh day of his government,
sated, not with bread and wine, but with deli-
vering judgments and giving opinions and ma-
king laws and proclamations, just as sleep, in
spite of hunger, was beginning to close his eye-
lids, he heard such a noise of bell-ringing and
shouting that one would have fancied the who-
le island was going to the bottom. He sat up in
bed and remained listening intently to try if he
could make out what could be the cause of so
great an uproar; not only, however, was he
unable to discover what it was, but as countless
drums and trumpets now helped to swell the
din of the bells and shouts, he was more puzz-
led than ever, and filled with fear and terror;
and getting up he put on a pair of slippers be-
cause of the dampness of the floor, and without
throwing a dressing gown or anything of the
kind over him he rushed out of the door of his
room, just in time to see approaching along a
corridor a band of more than twenty persons
with lighted torches and naked swords in their
hands, all shouting out, "To arms, to arms, se-
nor governor, to arms! The enemy is in the is-
land in countless numbers, and we are lost un-
less your skill and valour come to our support."
Keeping up this noise, tumult, and uproar,
they came to where Sancho stood dazed and
bewildered by what he saw and heard, and as
they approached one of them called out to him,
"Arm at once, your lordship, if you would not
have yourself destroyed and the whole island
lost."
"What have I to do with arming?" said San-
cho. "What do I know about arms or supports?
Better leave all that to my master Don Quixote,
who will settle it and make all safe in a trice; for
I, sinner that I am, God help me, don't unders-
tand these scuffles."
"Ah, senor governor," said another, "what
slackness of mettle this is! Arm yourself; here
are arms for you, offensive and defensive; come
out to the plaza and be our leader and captain;
it falls upon you by right, for you are our go-
vernor."
"Arm me then, in God's name," said Sancho,
and they at once produced two large shields
they had come provided with, and placed them
upon him over his shirt, without letting him
put on anything else, one shield in front and
the other behind, and passing his arms through
openings they had made, they bound him tight
with ropes, so that there he was walled and
boarded up as straight as a spindle and unable
to bend his knees or stir a single step. In his
hand they placed a lance, on which he leant to
keep himself from falling, and as soon as they
had him thus fixed they bade him march for-
ward and lead them on and give them all cou-
rage; for with him for their guide and lamp and
morning star, they were sure to bring their bu-
siness to a successful issue.
"How am I to march, unlucky being that I
am?" said Sancho, "when I can't stir my knee-
caps, for these boards I have bound so tight to
my body won't let me. What you must do is
carry me in your arms, and lay me across or set
me upright in some postern, and I'll hold it eit-
her with this lance or with my body."
"On, senor governor!" cried another, "it is fe-
ar more than the boards that keeps you from
moving; make haste, stir yourself, for there is
no time to lose; the enemy is increasing in
numbers, the shouts grow louder, and the dan-
ger is pressing."
Urged by these exhortations and reproaches
the poor governor made an attempt to advance,
but fell to the ground with such a crash that he
fancied he had broken himself all to pieces.
There he lay like a tortoise enclosed in its shell,
or a side of bacon between two kneading-
troughs, or a boat bottom up on the beach; nor
did the gang of jokers feel any compassion for
him when they saw him down; so far from that,
extinguishing their torches they began to shout
afresh and to renew the calls to arms with such
energy, trampling on poor Sancho, and slas-
hing at him over the shield with their swords in
such a way that, if he had not gathered himself
together and made himself small and drawn in
his head between the shields, it would have
fared badly with the poor governor, as, squee-
zed into that narrow compass, he lay, sweating
and sweating again, and commending himself
with all his heart to God to deliver him from his
present peril. Some stumbled over him, others
fell upon him, and one there was who took up
a position on top of him for some time, and
from thence as if from a watchtower issued
orders to the troops, shouting out, "Here, our
side! Here the enemy is thickest! Hold the bre-
ach there! Shut that gate! Barricade those lad-
ders! Here with your stink-pots of pitch and
resin, and kettles of boiling oil! Block the streets
with feather beds!" In short, in his ardour he
mentioned every little thing, and every imple-
ment and engine of war by means of which an
assault upon a city is warded off, while the
bruised and battered Sancho, who heard and
suffered all, was saying to himself, "O if it
would only please the Lord to let the island be
lost at once, and I could see myself either dead
or out of this torture!" Heaven heard his prayer,
and when he least expected it he heard voices
exclaiming, "Victory, victory! The enemy retre-
ats beaten! Come, senor governor, get up, and
come and enjoy the victory, and divide the
spoils that have been won from the foe by the
might of that invincible arm."
"Lift me up," said the wretched Sancho in a
woebegone voice. They helped him to rise, and
as soon as he was on his feet said, "The enemy I
have beaten you may nail to my forehead; I
don't want to divide the spoils of the foe, I only
beg and entreat some friend, if I have one, to
give me a sup of wine, for I'm parched with
thirst, and wipe me dry, for I'm turning to wa-
ter."
They rubbed him down, fetched him wine
and unbound the shields, and he seated himself
upon his bed, and with fear, agitation, and fati-
gue he fainted away. Those who had been con-
cerned in the joke were now sorry they had
pushed it so far; however, the anxiety his fain-
ting away had caused them was relieved by his
returning to himself. He asked what o'clock it
was; they told him it was just daybreak. He
said no more, and in silence began to dress
himself, while all watched him, waiting to see
what the haste with which he was putting on
his clothes meant.
He got himself dressed at last, and then,
slowly, for he was sorely bruised and could not
go fast, he proceeded to the stable, followed by
all who were present, and going up to Dapple
embraced him and gave him a loving kiss on
the forehead, and said to him, not without tears
in his eyes, "Come along, comrade and friend
and partner of my toils and sorrows; when I
was with you and had no cares to trouble me
except mending your harness and feeding your
little carcass, happy were my hours, my days,
and my years; but since I left you, and mounted
the towers of ambition and pride, a thousand
miseries, a thousand troubles, and four thou-
sand anxieties have entered into my soul;" and
all the while he was speaking in this strain he
was fixing the pack-saddle on the ass, without a
word from anyone. Then having Dapple sadd-
led, he, with great pain and difficulty, got up
on him, and addressing himself to the major-
domo, the secretary, the head-carver, and Pe-
dro Recio the doctor and several others who
stood by, he said, "Make way, gentlemen, and
let me go back to my old freedom; let me go
look for my past life, and raise myself up from
this present death. I was not born to be a go-
vernor or protect islands or cities from the
enemies that choose to attack them. Ploughing
and digging, vinedressing and pruning, are
more in my way than defending provinces or
kingdoms. 'Saint Peter is very well at Rome; I
mean each of us is best following the trade he
was born to. A reaping-hook fits my hand bet-
ter than a governor's sceptre; I'd rather have my
fill of gazpacho' than be subject to the misery of
a meddling doctor who me with hunger, and
I'd rather lie in summer under the shade of an
oak, and in winter wrap myself in a double
sheepskin jacket in freedom, than go to bed
between holland sheets and dress in sables un-
der the restraint of a government. God be with
your worships, and tell my lord the duke that
'naked I was born, naked I find myself, I neither
lose nor gain;' I mean that without a farthing I
came into this government, and without a fart-
hing I go out of it, very different from the way
governors commonly leave other islands. Stand
aside and let me go; I have to plaster myself, for
I believe every one of my ribs is crushed,
thanks to the enemies that have been trampling
over me to-night."
"That is unnecessary, senor governor," said
Doctor Recio, "for I will give your worship a
draught against falls and bruises that will soon
make you as sound and strong as ever; and as
for your diet I promise your worship to behave
better, and let you eat plentifully of whatever
you like."
"You spoke late," said Sancho. "I'd as soon
turn Turk as stay any longer. Those jokes won't
pass a second time. By God I'd as soon remain
in this government, or take another, even if it
was offered me between two plates, as fly to
heaven without wings. I am of the breed of the
Panzas, and they are every one of them obstina-
te, and if they once say 'odds,' odds it must be,
no matter if it is evens, in spite of all the world.
Here in this stable I leave the ant's wings that
lifted me up into the air for the swifts and other
birds to eat me, and let's take to level ground
and our feet once more; and if they're not shod
in pinked shoes of cordovan, they won't want
for rough sandals of hemp; 'every ewe to her
like,' 'and let no one stretch his leg beyond the
length of the sheet;' and now let me pass, for it's
growing late with me."
To this the majordomo said, "Senor gover-
nor, we would let your worship go with all our
hearts, though it sorely grieves us to lose you,
for your wit and Christian conduct naturally
make us regret you; but it is well known that
every governor, before he leaves the place whe-
re he has been governing, is bound first of all to
render an account. Let your worship do so for
the ten days you have held the government,
and then you may go and the peace of God go
with you."
"No one can demand it of me," said Sancho,
"but he whom my lord the duke shall appoint; I
am going to meet him, and to him I will render
an exact one; besides, when I go forth naked as
I do, there is no other proof needed to show
that I have governed like an angel."
 "By God the great Sancho is right," said Doc-
tor Recio, "and we should let him go, for the
duke will be beyond measure glad to see him."
They all agreed to this, and allowed him to
go, first offering to bear him company and fur-
nish him with all he wanted for his own com-
fort or for the journey. Sancho said he did not
want anything more than a little barley for
Dapple, and half a cheese and half a loaf for
himself; for the distance being so short there
was no occasion for any better or bulkier pro-
vant. They all embraced him, and he with tears
embraced all of them, and left them filled with
admiration not only at his remarks but at his
firm and sensible resolution.
 CHAPTER LIV.

WHICH DEALS WITH MATTERS

RELATING TO THIS HISTORY AND
NO OTHER

The duke and duchess resolved that the cha-

llenge Don Quixote had, for the reason already
mentioned, given their vassal, should be pro-
ceeded with; and as the young man was in
Flanders, whither he had fled to escape having
Dona Rodriguez for a mother-in-law, they
arranged to substitute for him a Gascon lac-
quey, named Tosilos, first of all carefully ins-
tructing him in all he had to do. Two days later
the duke told Don Quixote that in four days
from that time his opponent would present
himself on the field of battle armed as a knight,
and would maintain that the damsel lied by
half a beard, nay a whole beard, if she affirmed
that he had given her a promise of marriage.
Don Quixote was greatly pleased at the news,
and promised himself to do wonders in the
lists, and reckoned it rare good fortune that an
opportunity should have offered for letting his
noble hosts see what the might of his strong
arm was capable of; and so in high spirits and
satisfaction he awaited the expiration of the
four days, which measured by his impatience
seemed spinning themselves out into four hun-
dred ages. Let us leave them to pass as we do
other things, and go and bear Sancho company,
as mounted on Dapple, half glad, half sad, he
paced along on his road to join his master, in
whose society he was happier than in being
governor of all the islands in the world. Well
then, it so happened that before he had gone a
great way from the island of his government
(and whether it was island, city, town, or villa-
ge that he governed he never troubled himself
to inquire) he saw coming along the road he
was travelling six pilgrims with staves, foreig-
ners of that sort that beg for alms singing; who
as they drew near arranged themselves in a line
and lifting up their voices all together began to
sing in their own language something that San-
cho could not with the exception of one word
which sounded plainly "alms," from which he
gathered that it was alms they asked for in their
song; and being, as Cide Hamete says, remar-
kably charitable, he took out of his alforias the
half loaf and half cheese he had been provided
with, and gave them to them, explaining to
them by signs that he had nothing else to give
them. They received them very gladly, but ex-
claimed, "Geld! Geld!"
"I don't understand what you want of me,
good people," said Sancho.
On this one of them took a purse out of his
bosom and showed it to Sancho, by which he
comprehended they were asking for money,
and putting his thumb to his throat and sprea-
ding his hand upwards he gave them to un-
derstand that he had not the sign of a coin
about him, and urging Dapple forward he bro-
ke through them. But as he was passing, one of
them who had been examining him very close-
ly rushed towards him, and flinging his arms
round him exclaimed in a loud voice and good
Spanish, "God bless me! What's this I see? Is it
possible that I hold in my arms my dear friend,
my good neighbour Sancho Panza? But there's
no doubt about it, for I'm not asleep, nor am I
drunk just now."
Sancho was surprised to hear himself called
by his name and find himself embraced by a
foreign pilgrim, and after regarding him steadi-
ly without speaking he was still unable to re-
cognise him; but the pilgrim perceiving his
perplexity cried, "What! and is it possible, San-
cho Panza, that thou dost not know thy neigh-
bour Ricote, the Morisco shopkeeper of thy
village?"
Sancho upon this looking at him more care-
fully began to recall his features, and at last
recognised him perfectly, and without getting
off the ass threw his arms round his neck sa-
ying, "Who the devil could have known thee,
Ricote, in this mummer's dress thou art in? Tell
me, who bas frenchified thee, and how dost
thou dare to return to Spain, where if they
catch thee and recognise thee it will go hard
enough with thee?"
"If thou dost not betray me, Sancho," said the
pilgrim, "I am safe; for in this dress no one will
recognise me; but let us turn aside out of the
road into that grove there where my comrades
are going to eat and rest, and thou shalt eat
with them there, for they are very good fellows;
I'll have time enough to tell thee then all that
has happened me since I left our village in obe-
dience to his Majesty's edict that threatened
such severities against the unfortunate people
of my nation, as thou hast heard."
Sancho complied, and Ricote having spoken
to the other pilgrims they withdrew to the gro-
ve they saw, turning a considerable distance
out of the road. They threw down their staves,
took off their pilgrim's cloaks and remained in
their under-clothing; they were all good-
looking young fellows, except Ricote, who was
a man somewhat advanced in years. They ca-
rried alforjas all of them, and all apparently
well filled, at least with things provocative of
thirst, such as would summon it from two lea-
gues off. They stretched themselves on the
ground, and making a tablecloth of the grass
they spread upon it bread, salt, knives, walnut,
scraps of cheese, and well-picked ham-bones
which if they were past gnawing were not past
sucking. They also put down a black dainty
called, they say, caviar, and made of the eggs of
fish, a great thirst-wakener. Nor was there any
lack of olives, dry, it is true, and without any
seasoning, but for all that toothsome and plea-
sant. But what made the best show in the field
of the banquet was half a dozen botas of wine,
for each of them produced his own from his
alforjas; even the good Ricote, who from a Mo-
risco had transformed himself into a German or
Dutchman, took out his, which in size might
have vied with the five others. They then began
to eat with very great relish and very leisurely,
making the most of each morsel—very small
ones of everything—they took up on the point
of the knife; and then all at the same moment
raised their arms and botas aloft, the mouths
placed in their mouths, and all eyes fixed on
heaven just as if they were taking aim at it; and
in this attitude they remained ever so long,
wagging their heads from side to side as if in
acknowledgment of the pleasure they were
enjoying while they decanted the bowels of the
bottles into their own stomachs.
Sancho beheld all, "and nothing gave him
pain;" so far from that, acting on the proverb he
knew so well, "when thou art at Rome do as
thou seest," he asked Ricote for his bota and
took aim like the rest of them, and with not less
enjoyment. Four times did the botas bear being
uplifted, but the fifth it was all in vain, for they
were drier and more sapless than a rush by that
time, which made the jollity that had been kept
up so far begin to flag.
Every now and then some one of them
would grasp Sancho's right hand in his own
saying, "Espanoli y Tudesqui tuto uno: bon
compano;" and Sancho would answer, "Bon
compano, jur a Di!" and then go off into a fit of
laughter that lasted an hour, without a thought
for the moment of anything that had befallen
him in his government; for cares have very lit-
tle sway over us while we are eating and drin-
king. At length, the wine having come to an
end with them, drowsiness began to come over
them, and they dropped asleep on their very
table and tablecloth. Ricote and Sancho alone
remained awake, for they had eaten more and
drunk less, and Ricote drawing Sancho aside,
they seated themselves at the foot of a beech,
leaving the pilgrims buried in sweet sleep; and
without once falling into his own Morisco ton-
gue Ricote spoke as follows in pure Castilian:
 "Thou knowest well, neighbour and friend
Sancho Panza, how the proclamation or edict
his Majesty commanded to be issued against
those of my nation filled us all with terror and
dismay; me at least it did, insomuch that I think
before the time granted us for quitting Spain
was out, the full force of the penalty had alrea-
dy fallen upon me and upon my children. I
decided, then, and I think wisely (just like one
who knows that at a certain date the house he
lives in will be taken from him, and looks out
beforehand for another to change into), I deci-
ded, I say, to leave the town myself, alone and
without my family, and go to seek out some
place to remove them to comfortably and not in
the hurried way in which the others took their
departure; for I saw very plainly, and so did all
the older men among us, that the proclama-
tions were not mere threats, as some said, but
positive enactments which would be enforced
at the appointed time; and what made me be-
lieve this was what I knew of the base and ex-
travagant designs which our people harboured,
designs of such a nature that I think it was a
divine inspiration that moved his Majesty to
carry out a resolution so spirited; not that we
were all guilty, for some there were true and
steadfast Christians; but they were so few that
they could make no head against those who
were not; and it was not prudent to cherish a
viper in the bosom by having enemies in the
house. In short it was with just cause that we
were visited with the penalty of banishment, a
mild and lenient one in the eyes of some, but to
us the most terrible that could be inflicted upon
us. Wherever we are we weep for Spain; for
after all we were born there and it is our natu-
ral fatherland. Nowhere do we find the recep-
tion our unhappy condition needs; and in Bar-
bary and all the parts of Africa where we coun-
ted upon being received, succoured, and wel-
comed, it is there they insult and ill-treat us
most. We knew not our good fortune until we
lost it; and such is the longing we almost all of
us have to return to Spain, that most of those
who like myself know the language, and there
are many who do, come back to it and leave
their wives and children forsaken yonder, so
great is their love for it; and now I know by
experience the meaning of the saying, sweet is
the love of one's country.
"I left our village, as I said, and went to
France, but though they gave us a kind recep-
tion there I was anxious to see all I could. I
crossed into Italy, and reached Germany, and
there it seemed to me we might live with more
freedom, as the inhabitants do not pay any at-
tention to trifling points; everyone lives as he
likes, for in most parts they enjoy liberty of
conscience. I took a house in a town near
Augsburg, and then joined these pilgrims, who
are in the habit of coming to Spain in great
numbers every year to visit the shrines there,
which they look upon as their Indies and a sure
and certain source of gain. They travel nearly
all over it, and there is no town out of which
they do not go full up of meat and drink, as the
saying is, and with a real, at least, in money,
and they come off at the end of their travels
with more than a hundred crowns saved,
which, changed into gold, they smuggle out of
the kingdom either in the hollow of their staves
or in the patches of their pilgrim's cloaks or by
some device of their own, and carry to their
own country in spite of the guards at the posts
and passes where they are searched. Now my
purpose is, Sancho, to carry away the treasure
that I left buried, which, as it is outside the
town, I shall be able to do without risk, and to
write, or cross over from Valencia, to my
daughter and wife, who I know are at Algiers,
and find some means of bringing them to some
French port and thence to Germany, there to
await what it may be God's will to do with us;
for, after all, Sancho, I know well that Ricota
my daughter and Francisca Ricota my wife are
Catholic Christians, and though I am not so
much so, still I am more of a Christian than a
Moor, and it is always my prayer to God that
he will open the eyes of my understanding and
show me how I am to serve him; but what
amazes me and I cannot understand is why my
wife and daughter should have gone to Barbary
rather than to France, where they could live as
Christians."
To this Sancho replied, "Remember, Ricote,
that may not have been open to them, for Juan
Tiopieyo thy wife's brother took them, and
being a true Moor he went where he could go
most easily; and another thing I can tell thee, it
is my belief thou art going in vain to look for
what thou hast left buried, for we heard they
took from thy brother-in-law and thy wife a
great quantity of pearls and money in gold
which they brought to be passed."
"That may be," said Ricote; "but I know they
did not touch my hoard, for I did not tell them
where it was, for fear of accidents; and so, if
thou wilt come with me, Sancho, and help me
to take it away and conceal it, I will give thee
two hundred crowns wherewith thou mayest
relieve thy necessities, and, as thou knowest, I
know they are many."
"I would do it," said Sancho; "but I am not at
all covetous, for I gave up an office this mor-
ning in which, if I was, I might have made the
walls of my house of gold and dined off silver
plates before six months were over; and so for
this reason, and because I feel I would be guilty
of treason to my king if I helped his enemies, I
would not go with thee if instead of promising
me two hundred crowns thou wert to give me
four hundred here in hand."
"And what office is this thou hast given up,
Sancho?" asked Ricote.
"I have given up being governor of an is-
land," said Sancho, "and such a one, faith, as
you won't find the like of easily."
"And where is this island?" said Ricote.
"Where?" said Sancho; "two leagues from
here, and it is called the island of Barataria."
 "Nonsense! Sancho," said Ricote; "islands are
away out in the sea; there are no islands on the
mainland."
"What? No islands!" said Sancho; "I tell thee,
friend Ricote, I left it this morning, and yester-
day I was governing there as I pleased like a
sagittarius; but for all that I gave it up, for it
seemed to me a dangerous office, a governor's."
"And what hast thou gained by the govern-
ment?" asked Ricote.
"I have gained," said Sancho, "the knowled-
ge that I am no good for governing, unless it is
a drove of cattle, and that the riches that are to
be got by these governments are got at the cost
of one's rest and sleep, ay and even one's food;
for in islands the governors must eat little, es-
pecially if they have doctors to look after their
health."
"I don't understand thee, Sancho," said Rico-
te; "but it seems to me all nonsense thou art
talking. Who would give thee islands to go-
vern? Is there any scarcity in the world of cle-
verer men than thou art for governors? Hold
thy peace, Sancho, and come back to thy senses,
and consider whether thou wilt come with me
as I said to help me to take away treasure I left
buried (for indeed it may be called a treasure, it
is so large), and I will give thee wherewithal to
keep thee, as I told thee."
"And I have told thee already, Ricote, that I
will not," said Sancho; "let it content thee that
by me thou shalt not be betrayed, and go thy
way in God's name and let me go mine; for I
know that well-gotten gain may be lost, but ill-
gotten gain is lost, itself and its owner likewi-
se."
"I will not press thee, Sancho," said Ricote;
"but tell me, wert thou in our village when my
wife and daughter and brother-in-law left it?"
"I was so," said Sancho; "and I can tell thee
thy daughter left it looking so lovely that all the
village turned out to see her, and everybody
said she was the fairest creature in the world.
She wept as she went, and embraced all her
friends and acquaintances and those who came
out to see her, and she begged them all to
commend her to God and Our Lady his mot-
her, and this in such a touching way that it ma-
de me weep myself, though I'm not much given
to tears commonly; and, faith, many a one
would have liked to hide her, or go out and
carry her off on the road; but the fear of going
against the king's command kept them back.
The one who showed himself most moved was
Don Pedro Gregorio, the rich young heir thou
knowest of, and they say he was deep in love
with her; and since she left he has not been seen
in our village again, and we all suspect he has
gone after her to steal her away, but so far not-
hing has been heard of it."
"I always had a suspicion that gentleman
had a passion for my daughter," said Ricote;
"but as I felt sure of my Ricota's virtue it gave
me no uneasiness to know that he loved her; for
thou must have heard it said, Sancho, that the
Morisco women seldom or never engage in
amours with the old Christians; and my daugh-
ter, who I fancy thought more of being a Chris-
tian than of lovemaking, would not trouble
herself about the attentions of this heir."
"God grant it," said Sancho, "for it would be
a bad business for both of them; but now let me
be off, friend Ricote, for I want to reach where
my master Don Quixote is to-night."
"God be with thee, brother Sancho," said Ri-
cote; "my comrades are beginning to stir, and it
is time, too, for us to continue our journey;" and
then they both embraced, and Sancho mounted
Dapple, and Ricote leant upon his staff, and so
they parted.
 CHAPTER LV.

OF WHAT BEFELL SANCHO ON

THE ROAD, AND OTHER THINGS
THAT CANNOT BE SURPASSED

The length of time he delayed with Ricote

prevented Sancho from reaching the duke's
castle that day, though he was within half a
league of it when night, somewhat dark and
cloudy, overtook him. This, however, as it was
summer time, did not give him much uneasi-
ness, and he turned aside out of the road inten-
ding to wait for morning; but his ill luck and
hard fate so willed it that as he was searching
about for a place to make himself as comforta-
ble as possible, he and Dapple fell into a deep
dark hole that lay among some very old buil-
dings. As he fell he commended himself with
all his heart to God, fancying he was not going
to stop until he reached the depths of the bot-
tomless pit; but it did not turn out so, for at
little more than thrice a man's height Dapple
touched bottom, and he found himself sitting
on him without having received any hurt or
damage whatever. He felt himself all over and
held his breath to try whether he was quite
sound or had a hole made in him anywhere,
and finding himself all right and whole and in
perfect health he was profuse in his thanks to
God our Lord for the mercy that had been
shown him, for he made sure he had been bro-
ken into a thousand pieces. He also felt along
the sides of the pit with his hands to see if it
were possible to get out of it without help, but
he found they were quite smooth and afforded
no hold anywhere, at which he was greatly
distressed, especially when he heard how pat-
hetically and dolefully Dapple was bemoaning
himself, and no wonder he complained, nor
was it from ill-temper, for in truth he was not in
a very good case. "Alas," said Sancho, "what
unexpected accidents happen at every step to
those who live in this miserable world! Who
would have said that one who saw himself yes-
terday sitting on a throne, governor of an is-
land, giving orders to his servants and his vas-
sals, would see himself to-day buried in a pit
without a soul to help him, or servant or vassal
to come to his relief? Here must we perish with
hunger, my ass and myself, if indeed we don't
die first, he of his bruises and injuries, and I of
grief and sorrow. At any rate I'll not be as lucky
as my master Don Quixote of La Mancha, when
he went down into the cave of that enchanted
Montesinos, where he found people to make
more of him than if he had been in his own
house; for it seems he came in for a table laid
out and a bed ready made. There he saw fair
and pleasant visions, but here I'll see, I imagine,
toads and adders. Unlucky wretch that I am,
what an end my follies and fancies have come
to! They'll take up my bones out of this, when it
is heaven's will that I'm found, picked clean,
white and polished, and my good Dapple's
with them, and by that, perhaps, it will be
found out who we are, at least by such as have
heard that Sancho Panza never separated from
his ass, nor his ass from Sancho Panza. Unlucky
wretches, I say again, that our hard fate should
not let us die in our own country and among
our own people, where if there was no help for
our misfortune, at any rate there would be so-
me one to grieve for it and to close our eyes as
we passed away! O comrade and friend, how ill
have I repaid thy faithful services! Forgive me,
and entreat Fortune, as well as thou canst, to
deliver us out of this miserable strait we are
both in; and I promise to put a crown of laurel
on thy head, and make thee look like a poet
laureate, and give thee double feeds."
In this strain did Sancho bewail himself, and
his ass listened to him, but answered him never
a word, such was the distress and anguish the
poor beast found himself in. At length, after a
night spent in bitter moanings and lamenta-
tions, day came, and by its light Sancho percei-
ved that it was wholly impossible to escape out
of that pit without help, and he fell to bemoa-
ning his fate and uttering loud shouts to find
out if there was anyone within hearing; but all
his shouting was only crying in the wilderness,
for there was not a soul anywhere in the neigh-
bourhood to hear him, and then at last he gave
himself up for dead. Dapple was lying on his
back, and Sancho helped him to his feet, which
he was scarcely able to keep; and then taking a
piece of bread out of his alforjas which had
shared their fortunes in the fall, he gave it to
the ass, to whom it was not unwelcome, saying
to him as if he understood him, "With bread all
sorrows are less."
And now he perceived on one side of the pit
a hole large enough to admit a person if he
stooped and squeezed himself into a small
compass. Sancho made for it, and entered it by
creeping, and found it wide and spacious on
the inside, which he was able to see as a ray of
sunlight that penetrated what might be called
the roof showed it all plainly. He observed too
that it opened and widened out into another
spacious cavity; seeing which he made his way
back to where the ass was, and with a stone
began to pick away the clay from the hole until
in a short time he had made room for the beast
to pass easily, and this accomplished, taking
him by the halter, he proceeded to traverse the
cavern to see if there was any outlet at the other
end. He advanced, sometimes in the dark, so-
metimes without light, but never without fear;
"God Almighty help me!" said he to himself;
"this that is a misadventure to me would make
a good adventure for my master Don Quixote.
He would have been sure to take these depths
and dungeons for flowery gardens or the pala-
ces of Galiana, and would have counted upon
issuing out of this darkness and imprisonment
into some blooming meadow; but I, unlucky
that I am, hopeless and spiritless, expect at eve-
ry step another pit deeper than the first to open
under my feet and swallow me up for good;
'welcome evil, if thou comest alone.'"
In this way and with these reflections he
seemed to himself to have travelled rather more
than half a league, when at last he perceived a
dim light that looked like daylight and found
its way in on one side, showing that this road,
which appeared to him the road to the other
world, led to some opening.
Here Cide Hamete leaves him, and returns
to Don Quixote, who in high spirits and satis-
faction was looking forward to the day fixed
for the battle he was to fight with him who had
robbed Dona Rodriguez's daughter of her
honour, for whom he hoped to obtain satisfac-
tion for the wrong and injury shamefully done
to her. It came to pass, then, that having sallied
forth one morning to practise and exercise him-
self in what he would have to do in the encoun-
ter he expected to find himself engaged in the
next day, as he was putting Rocinante through
his paces or pressing him to the charge, he
brought his feet so close to a pit that but for
reining him in tightly it would have been im-
possible for him to avoid falling into it. He pu-
lled him up, however, without a fall, and co-
ming a little closer examined the hole without
dismounting; but as he was looking at it he
heard loud cries proceeding from it, and by
listening attentively was able to make out that
he who uttered them was saying, "Ho, above
there! is there any Christian that hears me, or
any charitable gentleman that will take pity on
a sinner buried alive, on an unfortunate disgo-
verned governor?"
It struck Don Quixote that it was the voice of
Sancho Panza he heard, whereat he was taken
aback and amazed, and raising his own voice
as much as he could, he cried out, "Who is be-
low there? Who is that complaining?"
"Who should be here, or who should com-
plain," was the answer, "but the forlorn Sancho
Panza, for his sins and for his ill-luck governor
of the island of Barataria, squire that was to the
famous knight Don Quixote of La Mancha?"
When Don Quixote heard this his amaze-
ment was redoubled and his perturbation grew
greater than ever, for it suggested itself to his
mind that Sancho must be dead, and that his
soul was in torment down there; and carried
away by this idea he exclaimed, "I conjure thee
by everything that as a Catholic Christian I can
conjure thee by, tell me who thou art; and if
thou art a soul in torment, tell me what thou
wouldst have me do for thee; for as my profes-
sion is to give aid and succour to those that
need it in this world, it will also extend to ai-
ding and succouring the distressed of the other,
who cannot help themselves."
"In that case," answered the voice, "your
worship who speaks to me must be my master
Don Quixote of La Mancha; nay, from the tone
of the voice it is plain it can be nobody else."
"Don Quixote I am," replied Don Quixote,
"he whose profession it is to aid and succour
the living and the dead in their necessities;
wherefore tell me who thou art, for thou art
keeping me in suspense; because, if thou art my
squire Sancho Panza, and art dead, since the
devils have not carried thee off, and thou art by
God's mercy in purgatory, our holy mother the
Roman Catholic Church has intercessory means
sufficient to release thee from the pains thou art
in; and I for my part will plead with her to that
end, so far as my substance will go; without
further delay, therefore, declare thyself, and tell
me who thou art."
"By all that's good," was the answer, "and by
the birth of whomsoever your worship chooses,
I swear, Senor Don Quixote of La Mancha, that
I am your squire Sancho Panza, and that I have
never died all my life; but that, having given up
my government for reasons that would require
more time to explain, I fell last night into this
pit where I am now, and Dapple is witness and
won't let me lie, for more by token he is here
with me."
 Nor was this all; one would have fancied the
ass understood what Sancho said, because that
moment he began to bray so loudly that the
whole cave rang again.
"Famous testimony!" exclaimed Don Quixo-
te; "I know that bray as well as if I was its mot-
her, and thy voice too, my Sancho. Wait while I
go to the duke's castle, which is close by, and I
will bring some one to take thee out of this pit
into which thy sins no doubt have brought
thee."
"Go, your worship," said Sancho, "and come
back quick for God's sake; for
I cannot bear being buried alive any longer,
and I'm dying of fear."
Don Quixote left him, and hastened to the
castle to tell the duke and duchess what had
happened Sancho, and they were not a little
astonished at it; they could easily understand
his having fallen, from the confirmatory cir-
cumstance of the cave which had been in exis-
tence there from time immemorial; but they
could not imagine how he had quitted the go-
vernment without their receiving any intima-
tion of his coming. To be brief, they fetched
ropes and tackle, as the saying is, and by dint of
many hands and much labour they drew up
Dapple and Sancho Panza out of the darkness
into the light of day. A student who saw him
remarked, "That's the way all bad governors
should come out of their governments, as this
sinner comes out of the depths of the pit, dead
with hunger, pale, and I suppose without a
farthing."
Sancho overheard him and said, "It is eight
or ten days, brother growler, since I entered
upon the government of the island they gave
me, and all that time I never had a bellyful of
victuals, no not for an hour; doctors persecuted
me and enemies crushed my bones; nor had I
any opportunity of taking bribes or levying
taxes; and if that be the case, as it is, I don't de-
serve, I think, to come out in this fashion; but
'man proposes and God disposes;' and God
knows what is best, and what suits each one
best; and 'as the occasion, so the behaviour;'
and 'let nobody say "I won't drink of this wa-
ter;"' and 'where one thinks there are flitches,
there are no pegs;' God knows my meaning and
that's enough; I say no more, though I could."
"Be not angry or annoyed at what thou hea-
rest, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "or there will
never be an end of it; keep a safe conscience
and let them say what they like; for trying to
stop slanderers' tongues is like trying to put
gates to the open plain. If a governor comes out
of his government rich, they say he has been a
thief; and if he comes out poor, that he has been
a noodle and a blockhead."
"They'll be pretty sure this time," said San-
cho, "to set me down for a fool rather than a
thief."
Thus talking, and surrounded by boys and a
crowd of people, they reached the castle, where
in one of the corridors the duke and duchess
stood waiting for them; but Sancho would not
go up to see the duke until he had first put up
Dapple in the stable, for he said he had passed
a very bad night in his last quarters; then he
went upstairs to see his lord and lady, and
kneeling before them he said, "Because it was
your highnesses' pleasure, not because of any
desert of my own, I went to govern your island
of Barataria, which 'I entered naked, and naked
I find myself; I neither lose nor gain.' Whether I
have governed well or ill, I have had witnesses
who will say what they think fit. I have answe-
red questions, I have decided causes, and al-
ways dying of hunger, for Doctor Pedro Recio
of Tirteafuera, the island and governor doctor,
would have it so. Enemies attacked us by night
and put us in a great quandary, but the people
of the island say they came off safe and victo-
rious by the might of my arm; and may God
give them as much health as there's truth in
what they say. In short, during that time I have
weighed the cares and responsibilities gover-
ning brings with it, and by my reckoning I find
my shoulders can't bear them, nor are they a
load for my loins or arrows for my quiver; and
so, before the government threw me over I pre-
ferred to throw the government over; and yes-
terday morning I left the island as I found it,
with the same streets, houses, and roofs it had
when I entered it. I asked no loan of anybody,
nor did I try to fill my pocket; and though I
meant to make some useful laws, I made hardly
any, as I was afraid they would not be kept; for
in that case it comes to the same thing to make
them or not to make them. I quitted the island,
as I said, without any escort except my ass; I
fell into a pit, I pushed on through it, until this
morning by the light of the sun I saw an outlet,
but not so easy a one but that, had not heaven
sent me my master Don Quixote, I'd have sta-
yed there till the end of the world. So now my
lord and lady duke and duchess, here is your
governor Sancho Panza, who in the bare ten
days he has held the government has come by
the knowledge that he would not give anything
to be governor, not to say of an island, but of
the whole world; and that point being settled,
kissing your worships' feet, and imitating the
game of the boys when they say, 'leap thou,
and give me one,' I take a leap out of the go-
vernment and pass into the service of my mas-
ter Don Quixote; for after all, though in it I eat
my bread in fear and trembling, at any rate I
take my fill; and for my part, so long as I'm full,
it's all alike to me whether it's with carrots or
with partridges."
Here Sancho brought his long speech to an
end, Don Quixote having been the whole time
in dread of his uttering a host of absurdities;
and when he found him leave off with so few,
he thanked heaven in his heart. The duke em-
braced Sancho and told him he was heartily
sorry he had given up the government so soon,
but that he would see that he was provided
with some other post on his estate less onerous
and more profitable. The duchess also embra-
ced him, and gave orders that he should be
taken good care of, as it was plain to see he had
been badly treated and worse bruised.

CHAPTER LVI.

OF THE PRODIGIOUS AND UN-

PARALLELED BATTLE THAT TOOK
PLACE BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE OF
LA MANCHA AND THE LACQUEY
TOSILOS IN DEFENCE OF THE
DAUGHTER OF DONA RODRIGUEZ

The duke and duchess had no reason to re-

gret the joke that had been played upon Sancho
Panza in giving him the government; especially
as their majordomo returned the same day, and
gave them a minute account of almost every
word and deed that Sancho uttered or did du-
ring the time; and to wind up with, eloquently
described to them the attack upon the island
and Sancho's fright and departure, with which
they were not a little amused. After this the
history goes on to say that the day fixed for the
battle arrived, and that the duke, after having
repeatedly instructed his lacquey Tosilos how
to deal with Don Quixote so as to vanquish him
without killing or wounding him, gave orders
to have the heads removed from the lances,
telling Don Quixote that Christian charity, on
which he plumed himself, could not suffer the
battle to be fought with so much risk and dan-
ger to life; and that he must be content with the
offer of a battlefield on his territory (though
that was against the decree of the holy Council,
which prohibits all challenges of the sort) and
not push such an arduous venture to its extre-
me limits. Don Quixote bade his excellence
arrange all matters connected with the affair as
he pleased, as on his part he would obey him in
everything. The dread day, then, having arri-
ved, and the duke having ordered a spacious
stand to be erected facing the court of the castle
for the judges of the field and the appellant
duennas, mother and daughter, vast crowds
flocked from all the villages and hamlets of the
neighbourhood to see the novel spectacle of the
battle; nobody, dead or alive, in those parts
having ever seen or heard of such a one.
The first person to enter the-field and the
lists was the master of the ceremonies, who
surveyed and paced the whole ground to see
that there was nothing unfair and nothing con-
cealed to make the combatants stumble or fall;
then the duennas entered and seated themsel-
ves, enveloped in mantles covering their eyes,
nay even their bosoms, and displaying no slight
emotion as Don Quixote appeared in the lists.
Shortly afterwards, accompanied by several
trumpets and mounted on a powerful steed
that threatened to crush the whole place, the
great lacquey Tosilos made his appearance on
one side of the courtyard with his visor down
and stiffly cased in a suit of stout shining ar-
mour. The horse was a manifest Frieslander,
broad-backed and flea-bitten, and with half a
hundred of wool hanging to each of his fe-
tlocks. The gallant combatant came well primed
by his master the duke as to how he was to bear
himself against the valiant Don Quixote of La
Mancha; being warned that he must on no ac-
count slay him, but strive to shirk the first en-
counter so as to avoid the risk of killing him, as
he was sure to do if he met him full tilt. He
crossed the courtyard at a walk, and coming to
where the duennas were placed stopped to
look at her who demanded him for a husband;
the marshal of the field summoned Don Quixo-
te, who had already presented himself in the
courtyard, and standing by the side of Tosilos
he addressed the duennas, and asked them if
they consented that Don Quixote of La Mancha
should do battle for their right. They said they
did, and that whatever he should do in that
behalf they declared rightly done, final and
valid. By this time the duke and duchess had
taken their places in a gallery commanding the
enclosure, which was filled to overflowing with
a multitude of people eager to see this perilous
and unparalleled encounter. The conditions of
the combat were that if Don Quixote proved
the victor his antagonist was to marry the
daughter of Dona Rodriguez; but if he should
be vanquished his opponent was released from
the promise that was claimed against him and
from all obligations to give satisfaction. The
master of the ceremonies apportioned the sun
to them, and stationed them, each on the spot
where he was to stand. The drums beat, the
sound of the trumpets filled the air, the earth
trembled under foot, the hearts of the gazing
crowd were full of anxiety, some hoping for a
happy issue, some apprehensive of an unto-
ward ending to the affair, and lastly, Don
Quixote, commending himself with all his heart
to God our Lord and to the lady Dulcinea del
Toboso, stood waiting for them to give the ne-
cessary signal for the onset. Our lacquey,
however, was thinking of something very diffe-
rent; he only thought of what I am now going
to mention.
It seems that as he stood contemplating his
enemy she struck him as the most beautiful
woman he had ever seen all his life; and the
little blind boy whom in our streets they com-
monly call Love had no mind to let slip the
chance of triumphing over a lacquey heart, and
adding it to the list of his trophies; and so, stea-
ling gently upon him unseen, he drove a dart
two yards long into the poor lacquey's left side
and pierced his heart through and through;
which he was able to do quite at his ease, for
Love is invisible, and comes in and goes out as
he likes, without anyone calling him to account
for what he does. Well then, when they gave
the signal for the onset our lacquey was in an
ecstasy, musing upon the beauty of her whom
he had already made mistress of his liberty,
and so he paid no attention to the sound of the
trumpet, unlike Don Quixote, who was off the
instant he heard it, and, at the highest speed
Rocinante was capable of, set out to meet his
enemy, his good squire Sancho shouting lustily
as he saw him start, "God guide thee, cream
and flower of knights-errant! God give thee the
victory, for thou hast the right on thy side!" But
though Tosilos saw Don Quixote coming at him
he never stirred a step from the spot where he
was posted; and instead of doing so called
loudly to the marshal of the field, to whom
when he came up to see what he wanted he
said, "Senor, is not this battle to decide whether
I marry or do not marry that lady?" "Just so,"
was the answer. "Well then," said the lacquey,
"I feel qualms of conscience, and I should lay a-
heavy burden upon it if I were to proceed any
further with the combat; I therefore declare that
I yield myself vanquished, and that I am wi-
lling to marry the lady at once."
 The marshal of the field was lost in asto-
nishment at the words of Tosilos; and as he was
one of those who were privy to the arrange-
ment of the affair he knew not what to say in
reply. Don Quixote pulled up in mid career
when he saw that his enemy was not coming
on to the attack. The duke could not make out
the reason why the battle did not go on; but the
marshal of the field hastened to him to let him
know what Tosilos said, and he was amazed
and extremely angry at it. In the meantime To-
silos advanced to where Dona Rodriguez sat
and said in a loud voice, "Senora, I am willing
to marry your daughter, and I have no wish to
obtain by strife and fighting what I can obtain
in peace and without any risk to my life."
The valiant Don Quixote heard him, and
said, "As that is the case I am released and ab-
solved from my promise; let them marry by all
means, and as 'God our Lord has given her,
may Saint Peter add his blessing.'"
 The duke had now descended to the court-
yard of the castle, and going up to Tosilos he
said to him, "Is it true, sir knight, that you yield
yourself vanquished, and that moved by scru-
ples of conscience you wish to marry this dam-
sel?"
"It is, senor," replied Tosilos.
"And he does well," said Sancho, "for what
thou hast to give to the mouse, give to the cat,
and it will save thee all trouble."
Tosilos meanwhile was trying to unlace his
helmet, and he begged them to come to his help
at once, as his power of breathing was failing
him, and he could not remain so long shut up
in that confined space. They removed it in all
haste, and his lacquey features were revealed to
public gaze. At this sight Dona Rodriguez and
her daughter raised a mighty outcry, exclai-
ming, "This is a trick! This is a trick! They have
put Tosilos, my lord the duke's lacquey, upon
us in place of the real husband. The justice of
God and the king against such trickery, not to
say roguery!"
"Do not distress yourselves, ladies," said
Don Quixote; "for this is no trickery or roguery;
or if it is, it is not the duke who is at the bottom
of it, but those wicked enchanters who persecu-
te me, and who, jealous of my reaping the glory
of this victory, have turned your husband's
features into those of this person, who you say
is a lacquey of the duke's; take my advice, and
notwithstanding the malice of my enemies ma-
rry him, for beyond a doubt he is the one you
wish for a husband."
When the duke heard this all his anger was
near vanishing in a fit of laughter, and he said,
"The things that happen to Senor Don Quixote
are so extraordinary that I am ready to believe
this lacquey of mine is not one; but let us adopt
this plan and device; let us put off the marriage
for, say, a fortnight, and let us keep this person
about whom we are uncertain in close confi-
nement, and perhaps in the course of that time
he may return to his original shape; for the spi-
te which the enchanters entertain against Senor
Don Quixote cannot last so long, especially as it
is of so little advantage to them to practise the-
se deceptions and transformations."
"Oh, senor," said Sancho, "those scoundrels
are well used to changing whatever concerns
my master from one thing into another. A
knight that he overcame some time back, called
the Knight of the Mirrors, they turned into the
shape of the bachelor Samson Carrasco of our
town and a great friend of ours; and my lady
Dulcinea del Toboso they have turned into a
common country wench; so I suspect this lac-
quey will have to live and die a lacquey all the
days of his life."
Here the Rodriguez's daughter exclaimed,
"Let him be who he may, this man that claims
me for a wife; I am thankful to him for the sa-
me, for I had rather be the lawful wife of a lac-
quey than the cheated mistress of a gentleman;
though he who played me false is nothing of
the kind."
To be brief, all the talk and all that had hap-
pened ended in Tosilos being shut up until it
was seen how his transformation turned out.
All hailed Don Quixote as victor, but the grea-
ter number were vexed and disappointed at
finding that the combatants they had been so
anxiously waiting for had not battered one
another to pieces, just as the boys are disap-
pointed when the man they are waiting to see
hanged does not come out, because the prose-
cution or the court has pardoned him. The peo-
ple dispersed, the duke and Don Quixote re-
turned to the castle, they locked up Tosilos,
Dona Rodriguez and her daughter remained
perfectly contented when they saw that any
way the affair must end in marriage, and Tosi-
los wanted nothing else.
 CHAPTER LVII.

WHICH TREATS OF HOW DON

QUIXOTE TOOK LEAVE OF THE DU-
KE, AND OF WHAT FOLLOWED
WITH THE WITTY AND IMPUDENT
ALTISIDORA, ONE OF THE DU-
CHESS'S DAMSELS

Don Quixote now felt it right to quit a life of

such idleness as he was leading in the castle; for
he fancied that he was making himself sorely
missed by suffering himself to remain shut up
and inactive amid the countless luxuries and
enjoyments his hosts lavished upon him as a
knight, and he felt too that he would have to
render a strict account to heaven of that indo-
lence and seclusion; and so one day he asked
the duke and duchess to grant him permission
to take his departure. They gave it, showing at
the same time that they were very sorry he was
leaving them.
The duchess gave his wife's letters to Sancho
Panza, who shed tears over them, saying, "Who
would have thought that such grand hopes as
the news of my government bred in my wife
Teresa Panza's breast would end in my going
back now to the vagabond adventures of my
master Don Quixote of La Mancha? Still I'm
glad to see my Teresa behaved as she ought in
sending the acorns, for if she had not sent them
I'd have been sorry, and she'd have shown her-
self ungrateful. It is a comfort to me that they
can't call that present a bribe; for I had got the
government already when she sent them, and
it's but reasonable that those who have had a
good turn done them should show their grati-
tude, if it's only with a trifle. After all I went
into the government naked, and I come out of it
naked; so I can say with a safe conscience—and
that's no small matter—'naked I was born, na-
ked I find myself, I neither lose nor gain.'"
Thus did Sancho soliloquise on the day of
their departure, as Don Quixote, who had the
night before taken leave of the duke and du-
chess, coming out made his appearance at an
early hour in full armour in the courtyard of
the castle. The whole household of the castle
were watching him from the corridors, and the
duke and duchess, too, came out to see him.
Sancho was mounted on his Dapple, with his
alforjas, valise, and proven, supremely happy
because the duke's majordomo, the same that
had acted the part of the Trifaldi, had given
him a little purse with two hundred gold
crowns to meet the necessary expenses of the
road, but of this Don Quixote knew nothing as
yet. While all were, as has been said, observing
him, suddenly from among the duennas and
handmaidens the impudent and witty Altisido-
ra lifted up her voice and said in pathetic tones:
 Give ear, cruel knight;
Draw rein; where's the need
Of spurring the flanks
Of that ill-broken steed?
From what art thou flying?
No dragon I am,
Not even a sheep,
But a tender young lamb.
Thou hast jilted a maiden
As fair to behold
As nymph of Diana
Or Venus of old.
Bireno, AEneas, what worse shall I call thee?
Barabbas go with thee! All evil befall thee!
In thy claws, ruthless robber,
Thou bearest away
The heart of a meek
Loving maid for thy prey,
Three kerchiefs thou stealest,
And garters a pair,
From legs than the whitest
Of marble more fair;
And the sighs that pursue thee
Would burn to the ground
Two thousand Troy Towns,
If so many were found.
Bireno, AEneas, what worse shall I call thee?
Barabbas go with thee! All evil befall thee!
May no bowels of mercy
To Sancho be granted,
And thy Dulcinea
Be left still enchanted,
May thy falsehood to me
Find its punishment in her,
For in my land the just
Often pays for the sinner.
May thy grandest adventures
Discomfitures prove,
May thy joys be all dreams,
And forgotten thy love.
Bireno, AEneas, what worse shall I call thee?
Barabbas go with thee! All evil befall thee!
May thy name be abhorred
For thy conduct to ladies,
From London to England,
From Seville to Cadiz;
May thy cards be unlucky,
Thy hands contain ne'er a
King, seven, or ace
When thou playest primera;
When thy corns are cut
May it be to the quick;
When thy grinders are drawn
May the roots of them stick.
Bireno, AEneas, what worse shall I call thee?
Barabbas go with thee! All evil befall thee!
All the while the unhappy Altisidora was
bewailing herself in the above strain Don
Quixote stood staring at her; and without utte-
ring a word in reply to her he turned round to
Sancho and said, "Sancho my friend, I conjure
thee by the life of thy forefathers tell me the
truth; say, hast thou by any chance taken the
three kerchiefs and the garters this love-sick
maid speaks of?"
 To this Sancho made answer, "The three ker-
chiefs I have; but the garters, as much as 'over
the hills of Ubeda.'"
The duchess was amazed at Altisidora's as-
surance; she knew that she was bold, lively,
and impudent, but not so much so as to venture
to make free in this fashion; and not being pre-
pared for the joke, her astonishment was all the
greater. The duke had a mind to keep up the
sport, so he said, "It does not seem to me well
done in you, sir knight, that after having recei-
ved the hospitality that has been offered you in
this very castle, you should have ventured to
carry off even three kerchiefs, not to say my
handmaid's garters. It shows a bad heart and
does not tally with your reputation. Restore her
garters, or else I defy you to mortal combat, for
I am not afraid of rascally enchanters changing
or altering my features as they changed his
who encountered you into those of my lacquey,
Tosilos."
 "God forbid," said Don Quixote, "that I
should draw my sword against your illustrious
person from which I have received such great
favours. The kerchiefs I will restore, as Sancho
says he has them; as to the garters that is im-
possible, for I have not got them, neither has
he; and if your handmaiden here will look in
her hiding-places, depend upon it she will find
them. I have never been a thief, my lord duke,
nor do I mean to be so long as I live, if God cea-
se not to have me in his keeping. This damsel
by her own confession speaks as one in love,
for which I am not to blame, and therefore need
not ask pardon, either of her or of your exce-
llence, whom I entreat to have a better opinion
of me, and once more to give me leave to pur-
sue my journey."
"And may God so prosper it, Senor Don
Quixote," said the duchess, "that we may al-
ways hear good news of your exploits; God
speed you; for the longer you stay, the more
you inflame the hearts of the damsels who be-
hold you; and as for this one of mine, I will so
chastise her that she will not transgress again,
either with her eyes or with her words."
"One word and no more, O valiant Don
Quixote, I ask you to hear," said Altisidora,
"and that is that I beg your pardon about the
theft of the garters; for by God and upon my
soul I have got them on, and I have fallen into
the same blunder as he did who went looking
for his ass being all the while mounted on it."
"Didn't I say so?" said Sancho. "I'm a likely
one to hide thefts! Why if I wanted to deal in
them, opportunities came ready enough to me
in my government."
Don Quixote bowed his head, and saluted
the duke and duchess and all the bystanders,
and wheeling Rocinante round, Sancho follo-
wing him on Dapple, he rode out of the castle,
shaping his course for Saragossa.
 CHAPTER LVIII.

WHICH TELLS HOW ADVENTURES

CAME CROWDING ON DON
QUIXOTE IN SUCH NUMBERS THAT
THEY GAVE ONE ANOTHER NO
BREATHING-TIME

When Don Quixote saw himself in open

country, free, and relieved from the attentions
of Altisidora, he felt at his ease, and in fresh
spirits to take up the pursuit of chivalry once
more; and turning to Sancho he said, "Freedom,
Sancho, is one of the most precious gifts that
heaven has bestowed upon men; no treasures
that the earth holds buried or the sea conceals
can compare with it; for freedom, as for
honour, life may and should be ventured; and
on the other hand, captivity is the greatest evil
that can fall to the lot of man. I say this, Sancho,
because thou hast seen the good cheer, the
abundance we have enjoyed in this castle we
are leaving; well then, amid those dainty ban-
quets and snow-cooled beverages I felt as
though I were undergoing the straits of hunger,
because I did not enjoy them with the same
freedom as if they had been mine own; for the
sense of being under an obligation to return
benefits and favours received is a restraint that
checks the independence of the spirit. Happy
he, to whom heaven has given a piece of bread
for which he is not bound to give thanks to any
but heaven itself!"
"For all your worship says," said Sancho, "it
is not becoming that there should be no thanks
on our part for two hundred gold crowns that
the duke's majordomo has given me in a little
purse which I carry next my heart, like a war-
ming plaster or comforter, to meet any chance
calls; for we shan't always find castles where
they'll entertain us; now and then we may light
upon roadside inns where they'll cudgel us."
In conversation of this sort the knight and
squire errant were pursuing their journey,
when, after they had gone a little more than
half a league, they perceived some dozen men
dressed like labourers stretched upon their clo-
aks on the grass of a green meadow eating their
dinner. They had beside them what seemed to
be white sheets concealing some objects under
them, standing upright or lying flat, and arran-
ged at intervals. Don Quixote approached the
diners, and, saluting them courteously first, he
asked them what it was those cloths covered.
"Senor," answered one of the party, "under the-
se cloths are some images carved in relief in-
tended for a retablo we are putting up in our
village; we carry them covered up that they
may not be soiled, and on our shoulders that
they may not be broken."
 "With your good leave," said Don Quixote, "I
should like to see them; for images that are ca-
rried so carefully no doubt must be fine ones."
"I should think they were!" said the other;
"let the money they cost speak for that; for as a
matter of fact there is not one of them that does
not stand us in more than fifty ducats; and that
your worship may judge; wait a moment, and
you shall see with your own eyes;" and getting
up from his dinner he went and uncovered the
first image, which proved to be one of Saint
George on horseback with a serpent writhing at
his feet and the lance thrust down its throat
with all that fierceness that is usually depicted.
The whole group was one blaze of gold, as the
saying is. On seeing it Don Quixote said, "That
knight was one of the best knights-errant the
army of heaven ever owned; he was called Don
Saint George, and he was moreover a defender
of maidens. Let us see this next one."
The man uncovered it, and it was seen to be
that of Saint Martin on his horse, dividing his
cloak with the beggar. The instant Don Quixote
saw it he said, "This knight too was one of the
Christian adventurers, but I believe he was ge-
nerous rather than valiant, as thou mayest per-
ceive, Sancho, by his dividing his cloak with
the beggar and giving him half of it; no doubt it
was winter at the time, for otherwise he would
have given him the whole of it, so charitable
was he."
"It was not that, most likely," said Sancho,
"but that he held with the proverb that says,
'For giving and keeping there's need of brains.'"
Don Quixote laughed, and asked them to ta-
ke off the next cloth, underneath which was
seen the image of the patron saint of the Spains
seated on horseback, his sword stained with
blood, trampling on Moors and treading heads
underfoot; and on seeing it Don Quixote ex-
claimed, "Ay, this is a knight, and of the squa-
drons of Christ! This one is called Don Saint
James the Moorslayer, one of the bravest saints
and knights the world ever had or heaven has
now."
They then raised another cloth which it ap-
peared covered Saint Paul falling from his hor-
se, with all the details that are usually given in
representations of his conversion. When Don
Quixote saw it, rendered in such lifelike style
that one would have said Christ was speaking
and Paul answering, "This," he said, "was in his
time the greatest enemy that the Church of God
our Lord had, and the greatest champion it will
ever have; a knight-errant in life, a steadfast
saint in death, an untiring labourer in the
Lord's vineyard, a teacher of the Gentiles, who-
se school was heaven, and whose instructor
and master was Jesus Christ himself."
There were no more images, so Don Quixote
bade them cover them up again, and said to
those who had brought them, "I take it as a
happy omen, brothers, to have seen what I
have; for these saints and knights were of the
same profession as myself, which is the calling
of arms; only there is this difference between
them and me, that they were saints, and fought
with divine weapons, and I am a sinner and
fight with human ones. They won heaven by
force of arms, for heaven suffereth violence;
and I, so far, know not what I have won by dint
of my sufferings; but if my Dulcinea del Toboso
were to be released from hers, perhaps with
mended fortunes and a mind restored to itself I
might direct my steps in a better path than I am
following at present."
"May God hear and sin be deaf," said Sancho
to this.
The men were filled with wonder, as well at
the figure as at the words of Don Quixote,
though they did not understand one half of
what he meant by them. They finished their
dinner, took their images on their backs, and
bidding farewell to Don Quixote resumed their
journey.
Sancho was amazed afresh at the extent of
his master's knowledge, as much as if he had
never known him, for it seemed to him that
there was no story or event in the world that he
had not at his fingers' ends and fixed in his
memory, and he said to him, "In truth, master
mine, if this that has happened to us to-day is
to be called an adventure, it has been one of the
sweetest and pleasantest that have befallen us
in the whole course of our travels; we have co-
me out of it unbelaboured and undismayed,
neither have we drawn sword nor have we
smitten the earth with our bodies, nor have we
been left famishing; blessed be God that he has
let me see such a thing with my own eyes!"
"Thou sayest well, Sancho," said Don Quixo-
te, "but remember all times are not alike nor do
they always run the same way; and these things
the vulgar commonly call omens, which are not
based upon any natural reason, will by him
who is wise be esteemed and reckoned happy
accidents merely. One of these believers in
omens will get up of a morning, leave his hou-
se, and meet a friar of the order of the blessed
Saint Francis, and, as if he had met a griffin, he
will turn about and go home. With another
Mendoza the salt is spilt on his table, and glo-
om is spilt over his heart, as if nature was obli-
ged to give warning of coming misfortunes by
means of such trivial things as these. The wise
man and the Christian should not trifle with
what it may please heaven to do. Scipio on co-
ming to Africa stumbled as he leaped on shore;
his soldiers took it as a bad omen; but he, clas-
ping the soil with his arms, exclaimed, 'Thou
canst not escape me, Africa, for I hold thee tight
between my arms.' Thus, Sancho, meeting those
images has been to me a most happy occurren-
ce."
"I can well believe it," said Sancho; "but I
wish your worship would tell me what is the
reason that the Spaniards, when they are about
to give battle, in calling on that Saint James the
Moorslayer, say 'Santiago and close Spain!' Is
Spain, then, open, so that it is needful to close
it; or what is the meaning of this form?"
 "Thou art very simple, Sancho," said Don
Quixote; "God, look you, gave that great knight
of the Red Cross to Spain as her patron saint
and protector, especially in those hard strug-
gles the Spaniards had with the Moors; and
therefore they invoke and call upon him as
their defender in all their battles; and in these
he has been many a time seen beating down,
trampling under foot, destroying and slaughte-
ring the Hagarene squadrons in the sight of all;
of which fact I could give thee many examples
recorded in truthful Spanish histories."
Sancho changed the subject, and said to his
master, "I marvel, senor, at the boldness of Alti-
sidora, the duchess's handmaid; he whom they
call Love must have cruelly pierced and woun-
ded her; they say he is a little blind urchin who,
though blear-eyed, or more properly speaking
sightless, if he aims at a heart, be it ever so
small, hits it and pierces it through and through
with his arrows. I have heard it said too that the
arrows of Love are blunted and robbed of their
points by maidenly modesty and reserve; but
with this Altisidora it seems they are sharpened
rather than blunted."
"Bear in mind, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"that love is influenced by no consideration,
recognises no restraints of reason, and is of the
same nature as death, that assails alike the lofty
palaces of kings and the humble cabins of
shepherds; and when it takes entire possession
of a heart, the first thing it does is to banish fear
and shame from it; and so without shame Alti-
sidora declared her passion, which excited in
my mind embarrassment rather than commise-
ration."
"Notable cruelty!" exclaimed Sancho; "un-
heard-of ingratitude! I can only say for myself
that the very smallest loving word of hers
would have subdued me and made a slave of
me. The devil! What a heart of marble, what
bowels of brass, what a soul of mortar! But I
can't imagine what it is that this damsel saw in
your worship that could have conquered and
captivated her so. What gallant figure was it,
what bold bearing, what sprightly grace, what
comeliness of feature, which of these things by
itself, or what all together, could have made her
fall in love with you? For indeed and in truth
many a time I stop to look at your worship
from the sole of your foot to the topmost hair of
your head, and I see more to frighten one than
to make one fall in love; moreover I have heard
say that beauty is the first and main thing that
excites love, and as your worship has none at
all, I don't know what the poor creature fell in
love with."
"Recollect, Sancho," replied Don Quixote,
"there are two sorts of beauty, one of the mind,
the other of the body; that of the mind displays
and exhibits itself in intelligence, in modesty, in
honourable conduct, in generosity, in good
breeding; and all these qualities are possible
and may exist in an ugly man; and when it is
this sort of beauty and not that of the body that
is the attraction, love is apt to spring up sud-
denly and violently. I, Sancho, perceive clearly
enough that I am not beautiful, but at the same
time I know I am not hideous; and it is enough
for an honest man not to be a monster to be an
object of love, if only he possesses the endow-
ments of mind I have mentioned."
While engaged in this discourse they were
making their way through a wood that lay be-
yond the road, when suddenly, without expec-
ting anything of the kind, Don Quixote found
himself caught in some nets of green cord stret-
ched from one tree to another; and unable to
conceive what it could be, he said to Sancho,
"Sancho, it strikes me this affair of these nets
will prove one of the strangest adventures ima-
ginable. May I die if the enchanters that perse-
cute me are not trying to entangle me in them
and delay my journey, by way of revenge for
my obduracy towards Altisidora. Well then let
me tell them that if these nets, instead of being
green cord, were made of the hardest dia-
monds, or stronger than that wherewith the
jealous god of blacksmiths enmeshed Venus
and Mars, I would break them as easily as if
they were made of rushes or cotton threads."
But just as he was about to press forward and
break through all, suddenly from among some
trees two shepherdesses of surpassing beauty
presented themselves to his sight—or at least
damsels dressed like shepherdesses, save that
their jerkins and sayas were of fine brocade;
that is to say, the sayas were rich farthingales of
gold embroidered tabby. Their hair, that in its
golden brightness vied with the beams of the
sun itself, fell loose upon their shoulders and
was crowned with garlands twined with green
laurel and red everlasting; and their years to all
appearance were not under fifteen nor above
eighteen.
Such was the spectacle that filled Sancho
with amazement, fascinated Don Quixote, ma-
de the sun halt in his course to behold them,
and held all four in a strange silence. One of the
shepherdesses, at length, was the first to speak
and said to Don Quixote, "Hold, sir knight, and
do not break these nets; for they are not spread
here to do you any harm, but only for our amu-
sement; and as I know you will ask why they
have been put up, and who we are, I will tell
you in a few words. In a village some two lea-
gues from this, where there are many people of
quality and rich gentlefolk, it was agreed upon
by a number of friends and relations to come
with their wives, sons and daughters, neigh-
bours, friends and kinsmen, and make holiday
in this spot, which is one of the pleasantest in
the whole neighbourhood, setting up a new
pastoral Arcadia among ourselves, we maidens
dressing ourselves as shepherdesses and the
youths as shepherds. We have prepared two
eclogues, one by the famous poet Garcilasso,
the other by the most excellent Camoens, in its
own Portuguese tongue, but we have not as yet
acted them. Yesterday was the first day of our
coming here; we have a few of what they say
are called field-tents pitched among the trees
on the bank of an ample brook that fertilises all
these meadows; last night we spread these nets
in the trees here to snare the silly little birds
that startled by the noise we make may fly into
them. If you please to be our guest, senor, you
will be welcomed heartily and courteously, for
here just now neither care nor sorrow shall en-
ter."
She held her peace and said no more, and
Don Quixote made answer, "Of a truth, fairest
lady, Actaeon when he unexpectedly beheld
Diana bathing in the stream could not have
been more fascinated and wonderstruck than I
at the sight of your beauty. I commend your
mode of entertainment, and thank you for the
kindness of your invitation; and if I can serve
you, you may command me with full confiden-
ce of being obeyed, for my profession is none
other than to show myself grateful, and ready
to serve persons of all conditions, but especially
persons of quality such as your appearance
indicates; and if, instead of taking up, as they
probably do, but a small space, these nets took
up the whole surface of the globe, I would seek
out new worlds through which to pass, so as
not to break them; and that ye may give some
degree of credence to this exaggerated langua-
ge of mine, know that it is no less than Don
Quixote of La Mancha that makes this declara-
tion to you, if indeed it be that such a name has
reached your ears."
"Ah! friend of my soul," instantly exclaimed
the other shepherdess, "what great good fortu-
ne has befallen us! Seest thou this gentleman
we have before us? Well then let me tell thee he
is the most valiant and the most devoted and
the most courteous gentleman in all the world,
unless a history of his achievements that has
been printed and I have read is telling lies and
deceiving us. I will lay a wager that this good
fellow who is with him is one Sancho Panza his
squire, whose drolleries none can equal."
"That's true," said Sancho; "I am that same
droll and squire you speak of, and this gentle-
man is my master Don Quixote of La Mancha,
the same that's in the history and that they talk
about."
"Oh, my friend," said the other, "let us entre-
at him to stay; for it will give our fathers and
brothers infinite pleasure; I too have heard just
what thou hast told me of the valour of the one
and the drolleries of the other; and what is mo-
re, of him they say that he is the most constant
and loyal lover that was ever heard of, and that
his lady is one Dulcinea del Toboso, to whom
all over Spain the palm of beauty is awarded."
"And justly awarded," said Don Quixote,
"unless, indeed, your unequalled beauty makes
it a matter of doubt. But spare yourselves the
trouble, ladies, of pressing me to stay, for the
urgent calls of my profession do not allow me
to take rest under any circumstances."
At this instant there came up to the spot
where the four stood a brother of one of the
two shepherdesses, like them in shepherd cos-
tume, and as richly and gaily dressed as they
were. They told him that their companion was
the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, and the
other Sancho his squire, of whom he knew al-
ready from having read their history. The gay
shepherd offered him his services and begged
that he would accompany him to their tents,
and Don Quixote had to give way and comply.
And now the gave was started, and the nets
were filled with a variety of birds that deceived
by the colour fell into the danger they were
flying from. Upwards of thirty persons, all gai-
ly attired as shepherds and shepherdesses, as-
sembled on the spot, and were at once infor-
med who Don Quixote and his squire were,
whereat they were not a little delighted, as they
knew of him already through his history. They
repaired to the tents, where they found tables
laid out, and choicely, plentifully, and neatly
furnished. They treated Don Quixote as a per-
son of distinction, giving him the place of
honour, and all observed him, and were full of
astonishment at the spectacle. At last the cloth
being removed, Don Quixote with great com-
posure lifted up his voice and said:
"One of the greatest sins that men are guilty
of is—some will say pride—but I say ingratitu-
de, going by the common saying that hell is full
of ingrates. This sin, so far as it has lain in my
power, I have endeavoured to avoid ever since
I have enjoyed the faculty of reason; and if I am
unable to requite good deeds that have been
done me by other deeds, I substitute the desire
to do so; and if that be not enough I make them
known publicly; for he who declares and makes
known the good deeds done to him would re-
pay them by others if it were in his power, and
for the most part those who receive are the in-
feriors of those who give. Thus, God is superior
to all because he is the supreme giver, and the
offerings of man fall short by an infinite distan-
ce of being a full return for the gifts of God; but
gratitude in some degree makes up for this de-
ficiency and shortcoming. I therefore, grateful
for the favour that has been extended to me
here, and unable to make a return in the same
measure, restricted as I am by the narrow limits
of my power, offer what I can and what I have
to offer in my own way; and so I declare that
for two full days I will maintain in the middle
of this highway leading to Saragossa, that these
ladies disguised as shepherdesses, who are
here present, are the fairest and most courteous
maidens in the world, excepting only the peer-
less Dulcinea del Toboso, sole mistress of my
thoughts, be it said without offence to those
who hear me, ladies and gentlemen."
On hearing this Sancho, who had been liste-
ning with great attention, cried out in a loud
voice, "Is it possible there is anyone in the
world who will dare to say and swear that this
master of mine is a madman? Say, gentlemen
shepherds, is there a village priest, be he ever
so wise or learned, who could say what my
master has said; or is there knight-errant, wha-
tever renown he may have as a man of valour,
that could offer what my master has offered
now?"
Don Quixote turned upon Sancho, and with
a countenance glowing with anger said to him,
"Is it possible, Sancho, there is anyone in the
whole world who will say thou art not a fool,
with a lining to match, and I know not what
trimmings of impertinence and roguery? Who
asked thee to meddle in my affairs, or to inqui-
re whether I am a wise man or a blockhead?
Hold thy peace; answer me not a word; saddle
Rocinante if he be unsaddled; and let us go to
put my offer into execution; for with the right
that I have on my side thou mayest reckon as
vanquished all who shall venture to question
it;" and in a great rage, and showing his anger
plainly, he rose from his seat, leaving the com-
pany lost in wonder, and making them feel
doubtful whether they ought to regard him as a
madman or a rational being. In the end, though
they sought to dissuade him from involving
himself in such a challenge, assuring him they
admitted his gratitude as fully established, and
needed no fresh proofs to be convinced of his
valiant spirit, as those related in the history of
his exploits were sufficient, still Don Quixote
persisted in his resolve; and mounted on Roci-
nante, bracing his buckler on his arm and gras-
ping his lance, he posted himself in the middle
of a high road that was not far from the green
meadow. Sancho followed on Dapple, together
with all the members of the pastoral gathering,
eager to see what would be the upshot of his
vainglorious and extraordinary proposal.
Don Quixote, then, having, as has been said,
planted himself in the middle of the road, made
the welkin ring with words to this effect: "Ho
ye travellers and wayfarers, knights, squires,
folk on foot or on horseback, who pass this way
or shall pass in the course of the next two days!
Know that Don Quixote of La Mancha, knight-
errant, is posted here to maintain by arms that
the beauty and courtesy enshrined in the
nymphs that dwell in these meadows and gro-
ves surpass all upon earth, putting aside the
lady of my heart, Dulcinea del Toboso. Where-
fore, let him who is of the opposite opinion
come on, for here I await him."
Twice he repeated the same words, and twi-
ce they fell unheard by any adventurer; but
fate, that was guiding affairs for him from bet-
ter to better, so ordered it that shortly after-
wards there appeared on the road a crowd of
men on horseback, many of them with lances in
their hands, all riding in a compact body and in
great haste. No sooner had those who were
with Don Quixote seen them than they turned
about and withdrew to some distance from the
road, for they knew that if they stayed some
harm might come to them; but Don Quixote
with intrepid heart stood his ground, and San-
cho Panza shielded himself with Rocinante's
hind-quarters. The troop of lancers came up,
and one of them who was in advance began
shouting to Don Quixote, "Get out of the way,
you son of the devil, or these bulls will knock
you to pieces!"
"Rabble!" returned Don Quixote, "I care not-
hing for bulls, be they the fiercest Jarama bre-
eds on its banks. Confess at once, scoundrels,
that what I have declared is true; else ye have
to deal with me in combat."
The herdsman had no time to reply, nor Don
Quixote to get out of the way even if he wished;
and so the drove of fierce bulls and tame bu-
llocks, together with the crowd of herdsmen
and others who were taking them to be penned
up in a village where they were to be run the
next day, passed over Don Quixote and over
Sancho, Rocinante and Dapple, hurling them
all to the earth and rolling them over on the
ground. Sancho was left crushed, Don Quixote
scared, Dapple belaboured and Rocinante in no
very sound condition.
They all got up, however, at length, and Don
Quixote in great haste, stumbling here and fa-
lling there, started off running after the drove,
shouting out, "Hold! stay! ye rascally rabble, a
single knight awaits you, and he is not of the
temper or opinion of those who say, 'For a
flying enemy make a bridge of silver.'" The re-
treating party in their haste, however, did not
stop for that, or heed his menaces any more
than last year's clouds. Weariness brought Don
Quixote to a halt, and more enraged than aven-
ged he sat down on the road to wait until San-
cho, Rocinante and Dapple came up. When
they reached him master and man mounted
once more, and without going back to bid fa-
rewell to the mock or imitation Arcadia, and
more in humiliation than contentment, they
continued their journey.
 CHAPTER LIX.

WHEREIN IS RELATED THE

STRANGE THING, WHICH MAY BE
REGARDED AS AN ADVENTURE,
THAT HAPPENED DON QUIXOTE

A clear limpid spring which they discovered

in a cool grove relieved Don Quixote and San-
cho of the dust and fatigue due to the unpolite
behaviour of the bulls, and by the side of this,
having turned Dapple and Rocinante loose
without headstall or bridle, the forlorn pair,
master and man, seated themselves. Sancho
had recourse to the larder of his alforjas and
took out of them what he called the prog; Don
Quixote rinsed his mouth and bathed his face,
by which cooling process his flagging energies
were revived. Out of pure vexation he remai-
ned without eating, and out of pure politeness
Sancho did not venture to touch a morsel of
what was before him, but waited for his master
to act as taster. Seeing, however, that, absorbed
in thought, he was forgetting to carry the bread
to his mouth, he said never a word, and tram-
pling every sort of good breeding under foot,
began to stow away in his paunch the bread
and cheese that came to his hand.
"Eat, Sancho my friend," said Don Quixote;
"support life, which is of more consequence to
thee than to me, and leave me to die under the
pain of my thoughts and pressure of my mis-
fortunes. I was born, Sancho, to live dying, and
thou to die eating; and to prove the truth of
what I say, look at me, printed in histories, fa-
med in arms, courteous in behaviour, honoured
by princes, courted by maidens; and after all,
when I looked forward to palms, triumphs, and
crowns, won and earned by my valiant deeds, I
have this morning seen myself trampled on,
kicked, and crushed by the feet of unclean and
filthy animals. This thought blunts my teeth,
paralyses my jaws, cramps my hands, and robs
me of all appetite for food; so much so that I
have a mind to let myself die of hunger, the
cruelest death of all deaths."
"So then," said Sancho, munching hard all
the time, "your worship does not agree with the
proverb that says, 'Let Martha die, but let her
die with a full belly.' I, at any rate, have no
mind to kill myself; so far from that, I mean to
do as the cobbler does, who stretches the leat-
her with his teeth until he makes it reach as far
as he wants. I'll stretch out my life by eating
until it reaches the end heaven has fixed for it;
and let me tell you, senor, there's no greater
folly than to think of dying of despair as your
worship does; take my advice, and after eating
lie down and sleep a bit on this green grass-
mattress, and you will see that when you awa-
ke you'll feel something better."
Don Quixote did as he recommended, for it
struck him that Sancho's reasoning was more
like a philosopher's than a blockhead's, and
said he, "Sancho, if thou wilt do for me what I
am going to tell thee my ease of mind would be
more assured and my heaviness of heart not so
great; and it is this; to go aside a little while I
am sleeping in accordance with thy advice,
and, making bare thy carcase to the air, to give
thyself three or four hundred lashes with Roci-
nante's reins, on account of the three thousand
and odd thou art to give thyself for the disen-
chantment of Dulcinea; for it is a great pity that
the poor lady should be left enchanted through
thy carelessness and negligence."
"There is a good deal to be said on that
point," said Sancho; "let us both go to sleep
now, and after that, God has decreed what will
happen. Let me tell your worship that for a
man to whip himself in cold blood is a hard
thing, especially if the stripes fall upon an ill-
nourished and worse-fed body. Let my lady
Dulcinea have patience, and when she is least
expecting it, she will see me made a riddle of
with whipping, and 'until death it's all life;' I
mean that I have still life in me, and the desire
to make good what I have promised."
Don Quixote thanked him, and ate a little,
and Sancho a good deal, and then they both lay
down to sleep, leaving those two inseparable
friends and comrades, Rocinante and Dapple,
to their own devices and to feed unrestrained
upon the abundant grass with which the mea-
dow was furnished. They woke up rather late,
mounted once more and resumed their journey,
pushing on to reach an inn which was in sight,
apparently a league off. I say an inn, because
Don Quixote called it so, contrary to his usual
practice of calling all inns castles. They reached
it, and asked the landlord if they could put up
there. He said yes, with as much comfort and as
good fare as they could find in Saragossa. They
dismounted, and Sancho stowed away his lar-
der in a room of which the landlord gave him
the key. He took the beasts to the stable, fed
them, and came back to see what orders Don
Quixote, who was seated on a bench at the do-
or, had for him, giving special thanks to heaven
that this inn had not been taken for a castle by
his master. Supper-time came, and they repai-
red to their room, and Sancho asked the land-
lord what he had to give them for supper. To
this the landlord replied that his mouth should
be the measure; he had only to ask what he
would; for that inn was provided with the birds
of the air and the fowls of the earth and the fish
of the sea.
"There's no need of all that," said Sancho; "if
they'll roast us a couple of chickens we'll be
satisfied, for my master is delicate and eats lit-
tle, and I'm not over and above gluttonous."
The landlord replied he had no chickens, for
the kites had stolen them.
"Well then," said Sancho, "let senor landlord
tell them to roast a pullet, so that it is a tender
one."
"Pullet! My father!" said the landlord; "inde-
ed and in truth it's only yesterday I sent over
fifty to the city to sell; but saving pullets ask
what you will."
"In that case," said Sancho, "you will not be
without veal or kid."
"Just now," said the landlord, "there's none
in the house, for it's all finished; but next week
there will be enough and to spare."
"Much good that does us," said Sancho; "I'll
lay a bet that all these short-comings are going
to wind up in plenty of bacon and eggs."
"By God," said the landlord, "my guest's wits
must be precious dull; I tell him I have neither
pullets nor hens, and he wants me to have eggs!
Talk of other dainties, if you please, and don't
ask for hens again."
"Body o' me!" said Sancho, "let's settle the
matter; say at once what you have got, and let
us have no more words about it."
"In truth and earnest, senor guest," said the
landlord, "all I have is a couple of cow-heels
like calves' feet, or a couple of calves' feet like
cowheels; they are boiled with chick-peas,
onions, and bacon, and at this moment they are
crying 'Come eat me, come eat me."
"I mark them for mine on the spot," said
Sancho; "let nobody touch them; I'll pay better
for them than anyone else, for I could not wish
for anything more to my taste; and I don't care
a pin whether they are feet or heels."
"Nobody shall touch them," said the land-
lord; "for the other guests I have, being persons
of high quality, bring their own cook and cate-
rer and larder with them."
"If you come to people of quality," said San-
cho, "there's nobody more so than my master;
but the calling he follows does not allow of
larders or store-rooms; we lay ourselves down
in the middle of a meadow, and fill ourselves
with acorns or medlars."
Here ended Sancho's conversation with the
landlord, Sancho not caring to carry it any fart-
her by answering him; for he had already asked
him what calling or what profession it was his
master was of.
 Supper-time having come, then, Don Quixo-
te betook himself to his room, the landlord
brought in the stew-pan just as it was, and he
sat himself down to sup very resolutely. It se-
ems that in another room, which was next to
Don Quixote's, with nothing but a thin parti-
tion to separate it, he overheard these words,
"As you live, Senor Don Jeronimo, while they
are bringing supper, let us read another chapter
of the Second Part of 'Don Quixote of La Man-
cha.'"
The instant Don Quixote heard his own na-
me be started to his feet and listened with open
ears to catch what they said about him, and
heard the Don Jeronimo who had been addres-
sed say in reply, "Why would you have us read
that absurd stuff, Don Juan, when it is impossi-
ble for anyone who has read the First Part of
the history of 'Don Quixote of La Mancha' to
take any pleasure in reading this Second Part?"
"For all that," said he who was addressed as
Don Juan, "we shall do well to read it, for there
is no book so bad but it has something good in
it. What displeases me most in it is that it repre-
sents Don Quixote as now cured of his love for
Dulcinea del Toboso."
On hearing this Don Quixote, full of wrath
and indignation, lifted up his voice and said,
"Whoever he may be who says that Don Quixo-
te of La Mancha has forgotten or can forget
Dulcinea del Toboso, I will teach him with
equal arms that what he says is very far from
the truth; for neither can the peerless Dulcinea
del Toboso be forgotten, nor can forgetfulness
have a place in Don Quixote; his motto is cons-
tancy, and his profession to maintain the same
with his life and never wrong it."
"Who is this that answers us?" said they in
the next room.
"Who should it be," said Sancho, "but Don
Quixote of La Mancha himself, who will make
good all he has said and all he will say; for
pledges don't trouble a good payer."
 Sancho had hardly uttered these words
when two gentlemen, for such they seemed to
be, entered the room, and one of them, thro-
wing his arms round Don Quixote's neck, said
to him, "Your appearance cannot leave any
question as to your name, nor can your name
fail to identify your appearance; unquestiona-
bly, senor, you are the real Don Quixote of La
Mancha, cynosure and morning star of knight-
errantry, despite and in defiance of him who
has sought to usurp your name and bring to
naught your achievements, as the author of this
book which I here present to you has done;"
and with this he put a book which his compa-
nion carried into the hands of Don Quixote,
who took it, and without replying began to run
his eye over it; but he presently returned it sa-
ying, "In the little I have seen I have discovered
three things in this author that deserve to be
censured. The first is some words that I have
read in the preface; the next that the language is
Aragonese, for sometimes he writes without
articles; and the third, which above all stamps
him as ignorant, is that he goes wrong and de-
parts from the truth in the most important part
of the history, for here he says that my squire
Sancho Panza's wife is called Mari Gutierrez,
when she is called nothing of the sort, but Tere-
sa Panza; and when a man errs on such an im-
portant point as this there is good reason to fear
that he is in error on every other point in the
history."
"A nice sort of historian, indeed!" exclaimed
Sancho at this; "he must know a deal about our
affairs when he calls my wife Teresa Panza,
Mari Gutierrez; take the book again, senor, and
see if I am in it and if he has changed my na-
me."
"From your talk, friend," said Don Jeronimo,
"no doubt you are Sancho
Panza, Senor Don Quixote's squire."
"Yes, I am," said Sancho; "and I'm proud of
it."
 "Faith, then," said the gentleman, "this new
author does not handle you with the decency
that displays itself in your person; he makes
you out a heavy feeder and a fool, and not in
the least droll, and a very different being from
the Sancho described in the First Part of your
master's history."
"God forgive him," said Sancho; "he might
have left me in my corner without troubling his
head about me; 'let him who knows how ring
the bells; 'Saint Peter is very well in Rome.'"
The two gentlemen pressed Don Quixote to
come into their room and have supper with
them, as they knew very well there was not-
hing in that inn fit for one of his sort. Don
Quixote, who was always polite, yielded to
their request and supped with them. Sancho
stayed behind with the stew. and invested with
plenary delegated authority seated himself at
the head of the table, and the landlord sat
down with him, for he was no less fond of cow-
heel and calves' feet than Sancho was.
 While at supper Don Juan asked Don Quixo-
te what news he had of the lady Dulcinea del
Toboso, was she married, had she been brought
to bed, or was she with child, or did she in
maidenhood, still preserving her modesty and
delicacy, cherish the remembrance of the tender
passion of Senor Don Quixote?
To this he replied, "Dulcinea is a maiden
still, and my passion more firmly rooted than
ever, our intercourse unsatisfactory as before,
and her beauty transformed into that of a foul
country wench;" and then he proceeded to give
them a full and particular account of the en-
chantment of Dulcinea, and of what had hap-
pened him in the cave of Montesinos, together
with what the sage Merlin had prescribed for
her disenchantment, namely the scourging of
Sancho.
Exceedingly great was the amusement the
two gentlemen derived from hearing Don
Quixote recount the strange incidents of his
history; and if they were amazed by his absur-
dities they were equally amazed by the elegant
style in which he delivered them. On the one
hand they regarded him as a man of wit and
sense, and on the other he seemed to them a
maundering blockhead, and they could not
make up their minds whereabouts between
wisdom and folly they ought to place him.
Sancho having finished his supper, and left
the landlord in the X condition, repaired to the
room where his master was, and as he came in
said, "May I die, sirs, if the author of this book
your worships have got has any mind that we
should agree; as he calls me glutton (according
to what your worships say) I wish he may not
call me drunkard too."
"But he does," said Don Jeronimo; "I cannot
remember, however, in what way, though I
know his words are offensive, and what is mo-
re, lying, as I can see plainly by the physiog-
nomy of the worthy Sancho before me."
"Believe me," said Sancho, "the Sancho and
the Don Quixote of this history must be diffe-
rent persons from those that appear in the one
Cide Hamete Benengeli wrote, who are oursel-
ves; my master valiant, wise, and true in love,
and I simple, droll, and neither glutton nor
drunkard."
"I believe it," said Don Juan; "and were it
possible, an order should be issued that no one
should have the presumption to deal with
anything relating to Don Quixote, save his ori-
ginal author Cide Hamete; just as Alexander
commanded that no one should presume to
paint his portrait save Apelles."
"Let him who will paint me," said Don
Quixote; "but let him not abuse me; for patience
will often break down when they heap insults
upon it."
"None can be offered to Senor Don Quixote,"
said Don Juan, "that he himself will not be able
to avenge, if he does not ward it off with the
shield of his patience, which, I take it, is great
and strong."
 A considerable portion of the night passed
in conversation of this sort, and though Don
Juan wished Don Quixote to read more of the
book to see what it was all about, he was not to
be prevailed upon, saying that he treated it as
read and pronounced it utterly silly; and, if by
any chance it should come to its author's ears
that he had it in his hand, he did not want him
to flatter himself with the idea that he had read
it; for our thoughts, and still more our eyes,
should keep themselves aloof from what is obs-
cene and filthy.
They asked him whither he meant to direct
his steps. He replied, to Saragossa, to take part
in the harness jousts which were held in that
city every year. Don Juan told him that the new
history described how Don Quixote, let him be
who he might, took part there in a tilting at the
ring, utterly devoid of invention, poor in mot-
toes, very poor in costume, though rich in silli-
nesses.
 "For that very reason," said Don Quixote, "I
will not set foot in Saragossa; and by that me-
ans I shall expose to the world the lie of this
new history writer, and people will see that I
am not the Don Quixote he speaks of."
"You will do quite right," said Don Jeronimo;
"and there are other jousts at Barcelona in
which Senor Don Quixote may display his
prowess."
"That is what I mean to do," said Don Quixo-
te; "and as it is now time, I pray your worships
to give me leave to retire to bed, and to place
and retain me among the number of your grea-
test friends and servants."
"And me too," said Sancho; "maybe I'll be
good for something."
With this they exchanged farewells, and Don
Quixote and Sancho retired to their room, lea-
ving Don Juan and Don Jeronimo amazed to
see the medley he made of his good sense and
his craziness; and they felt thoroughly convin-
ced that these, and not those their Aragonese
author described, were the genuine Don Quixo-
te and Sancho. Don Quixote rose betimes, and
bade adieu to his hosts by knocking at the par-
tition of the other room. Sancho paid the land-
lord magnificently, and recommended him
either to say less about the providing of his inn
or to keep it better provided.

CHAPTER LX.

OF WHAT HAPPENED DON

QUIXOTE ON HIS WAY TO BARCE-
LONA

It was a fresh morning giving promise of a

cool day as Don Quixote quitted the inn, first of
all taking care to ascertain the most direct road
to Barcelona without touching upon Saragossa;
so anxious was he to make out this new histo-
rian, who they said abused him so, to be a liar.
Well, as it fell out, nothing worthy of being
recorded happened him for six days, at the end
of which, having turned aside out of the road,
he was overtaken by night in a thicket of oak or
cork trees; for on this point Cide Hamete is not
as precise as he usually is on other matters.
Master and man dismounted from their be-
asts, and as soon as they had settled themselves
at the foot of the trees, Sancho, who had had a
good noontide meal that day, let himself, wit-
hout more ado, pass the gates of sleep. But Don
Quixote, whom his thoughts, far more than
hunger, kept awake, could not close an eye,
and roamed in fancy to and fro through all
sorts of places. At one moment it seemed to
him that he was in the cave of Montesinos and
saw Dulcinea, transformed into a country
wench, skipping and mounting upon her she-
ass; again that the words of the sage Merlin
were sounding in his ears, setting forth the
conditions to be observed and the exertions to
be made for the disenchantment of Dulcinea.
He lost all patience when he considered the
laziness and want of charity of his squire San-
cho; for to the best of his belief he had only gi-
ven himself five lashes, a number paltry and
disproportioned to the vast number required.
At this thought he felt such vexation and anger
that he reasoned the matter thus: "If Alexander
the Great cut the Gordian knot, saying, 'To cut
comes to the same thing as to untie,' and yet
did not fail to become lord paramount of all
Asia, neither more nor less could happen now
in Dulcinea's disenchantment if I scourge San-
cho against his will; for, if it is the condition of
the remedy that Sancho shall receive three
thousand and odd lashes, what does it matter
to me whether he inflicts them himself, or some
one else inflicts them, when the essential point
is that he receives them, let them come from
whatever quarter they may?"
 With this idea he went over to Sancho,
having first taken Rocinante's reins and arran-
ged them so as to be able to flog him with
them, and began to untie the points (the com-
mon belief is he had but one in front) by which
his breeches were held up; but the instant he
approached him Sancho woke up in his full
senses and cried out, "What is this? Who is tou-
ching me and untrussing me?"
"It is I," said Don Quixote, "and I come to
make good thy shortcomings and relieve my
own distresses; I come to whip thee, Sancho,
and wipe off some portion of the debt thou hast
undertaken. Dulcinea is perishing, thou art
living on regardless, I am dying of hope defe-
rred; therefore untruss thyself with a good will,
for mine it is, here, in this retired spot, to give
thee at least two thousand lashes."
"Not a bit of it," said Sancho; "let your wors-
hip keep quiet, or else by the living God the
deaf shall hear us; the lashes I pledged myself
to must be voluntary and not forced upon me,
and just now I have no fancy to whip myself; it
is enough if I give you my word to flog and
flap myself when I have a mind."
"It will not do to leave it to thy courtesy,
Sancho," said Don Quixote, "for thou art hard
of heart and, though a clown, tender of flesh;"
and at the same time he strove and struggled to
untie him.
Seeing this Sancho got up, and grappling
with his master he gripped him with all his
might in his arms, giving him a trip with the
heel stretched him on the ground on his back,
and pressing his right knee on his chest held his
hands in his own so that he could neither move
nor breathe.
"How now, traitor!" exclaimed Don Quixote.
"Dost thou revolt against thy master and natu-
ral lord? Dost thou rise against him who gives
thee his bread?"
"I neither put down king, nor set up king,"
said Sancho; "I only stand up for myself who
am my own lord; if your worship promises me
to be quiet, and not to offer to whip me now, I'll
let you go free and unhindered; if not—
Traitor and Dona Sancha's foe, Thou diest on
the spot." Don Quixote gave his promise, and
swore by the life of his thoughts not to touch so
much as a hair of his garments, and to leave
him entirely free and to his own discretion to
whip himself whenever he pleased.
Sancho rose and removed some distance
from the spot, but as he was about to place
himself leaning against another tree he felt so-
mething touch his head, and putting up his
hands encountered somebody's two feet with
shoes and stockings on them. He trembled with
fear and made for another tree, where the very
same thing happened to him, and he fell a-
shouting, calling upon Don Quixote to come
and protect him. Don Quixote did so, and as-
ked him what had happened to him, and what
he was afraid of. Sancho replied that all the
trees were full of men's feet and legs. Don
Quixote felt them, and guessed at once what it
was, and said to Sancho, "Thou hast nothing to
be afraid of, for these feet and legs that thou
feelest but canst not see belong no doubt to
some outlaws and freebooters that have been
hanged on these trees; for the authorities in
these parts are wont to hang them up by twen-
ties and thirties when they catch them; where-
by I conjecture that I must be near Barcelona;"
and it was, in fact, as he supposed; with the
first light they looked up and saw that the fruit
hanging on those trees were freebooters' bo-
dies.
And now day dawned; and if the dead free-
booters had scared them, their hearts were no
less troubled by upwards of forty living ones,
who all of a sudden surrounded them, and in
the Catalan tongue bade them stand and wait
until their captain came up. Don Quixote was
on foot with his horse unbridled and his lance
leaning against a tree, and in short completely
defenceless; he thought it best therefore to fold
his arms and bow his head and reserve himself
for a more favourable occasion and opportuni-
ty. The robbers made haste to search Dapple,
and did not leave him a single thing of all he
carried in the alforjas and in the valise; and
lucky it was for Sancho that the duke's crowns
and those he brought from home were in a
girdle that he wore round him; but for all that
these good folk would have stripped him, and
even looked to see what he had hidden betwe-
en the skin and flesh, but for the arrival at that
moment of their captain, who was about thirty-
four years of age apparently, strongly built,
above the middle height, of stern aspect and
swarthy complexion. He was mounted upon a
powerful horse, and had on a coat of mail, with
four of the pistols they call petronels in that
country at his waist. He saw that his squires
(for so they call those who follow that trade)
were about to rifle Sancho Panza, but he orde-
red them to desist and was at once obeyed, so
the girdle escaped. He wondered to see the
lance leaning against the tree, the shield on the
ground, and Don Quixote in armour and dejec-
ted, with the saddest and most melancholy face
that sadness itself could produce; and going up
to him he said, "Be not so cast down, good man,
for you have not fallen into the hands of any
inhuman Busiris, but into Roque Guinart's,
which are more merciful than cruel."
"The cause of my dejection," returned Don
Quixote, "is not that I have fallen into thy
hands, O valiant Roque, whose fame is boun-
ded by no limits on earth, but that my careless-
ness should have been so great that thy soldiers
should have caught me unbridled, when it is
my duty, according to the rule of knight-
errantry which I profess, to be always on the
alert and at all times my own sentinel; for let
me tell thee, great Roque, had they found me
on my horse, with my lance and shield, it
would not have been very easy for them to re-
duce me to submission, for I am Don Quixote
of La Mancha, he who hath filled the whole
world with his achievements."
 Roque Guinart at once perceived that Don
Quixote's weakness was more akin to madness
than to swagger; and though he had sometimes
heard him spoken of, he never regarded the
things attributed to him as true, nor could he
persuade himself that such a humour could
become dominant in the heart of man; he was
extremely glad, therefore, to meet him and test
at close quarters what he had heard of him at a
distance; so he said to him, "Despair not, va-
liant knight, nor regard as an untoward fate the
position in which thou findest thyself; it may be
that by these slips thy crooked fortune will ma-
ke itself straight; for heaven by strange circui-
tous ways, mysterious and incomprehensible to
man, raises up the fallen and makes rich the
poor."
Don Quixote was about to thank him, when
they heard behind them a noise as of a troop of
horses; there was, however, but one, riding on
which at a furious pace came a youth, apparen-
tly about twenty years of age, clad in green
damask edged with gold and breeches and a
loose frock, with a hat looped up in the Wallo-
on fashion, tight-fitting polished boots, gilt
spurs, dagger and sword, and in his hand a
musketoon, and a pair of pistols at his waist.
Roque turned round at the noise and percei-
ved this comely figure, which drawing near
thus addressed him, "I came in quest of thee,
valiant Roque, to find in thee if not a remedy at
least relief in my misfortune; and not to keep
thee in suspense, for I see thou dost not recog-
nise me, I will tell thee who I am; I am Claudia
Jeronima, the daughter of Simon Forte, thy go-
od friend, and special enemy of Clauquel To-
rrellas, who is thine also as being of the faction
opposed to thee. Thou knowest that this Torre-
llas has a son who is called, or at least was not
two hours since, Don Vicente Torrellas. Well, to
cut short the tale of my misfortune, I will tell
thee in a few words what this youth has
brought upon me. He saw me, he paid court to
me, I listened to him, and, unknown to my fat-
her, I loved him; for there is no woman, howe-
ver secluded she may live or close she may be
kept, who will not have opportunities and to
spare for following her headlong impulses. In a
word, he pledged himself to be mine, and I
promised to be his, without carrying matters
any further. Yesterday I learned that, forgetful
of his pledge to me, he was about to marry
another, and that he was to go this morning to
plight his troth, intelligence which overwhel-
med and exasperated me; my father not being
at home I was able to adopt this costume you
see, and urging my horse to speed I overtook
Don Vicente about a league from this, and wit-
hout waiting to utter reproaches or hear excu-
ses I fired this musket at him, and these two
pistols besides, and to the best of my belief I
must have lodged more than two bullets in his
body, opening doors to let my honour go free,
enveloped in his blood. I left him there in the
hands of his servants, who did not dare and
were not able to interfere in his defence, and I
come to seek from thee a safe-conduct into
France, where I have relatives with whom I can
live; and also to implore thee to protect my fat-
her, so that Don Vicente's numerous kinsmen
may not venture to wreak their lawless venge-
ance upon him."
Roque, filled with admiration at the gallant
bearing, high spirit, comely figure, and adven-
ture of the fair Claudia, said to her, "Come, se-
nora, let us go and see if thy enemy is dead;
and then we will consider what will be best for
thee." Don Quixote, who had been listening to
what Claudia said and Roque Guinart said in
reply to her, exclaimed, "Nobody need trouble
himself with the defence of this lady, for I take
it upon myself. Give me my horse and arms,
and wait for me here; I will go in quest of this
knight, and dead or alive I will make him keep
his word plighted to so great beauty."
"Nobody need have any doubt about that,"
said Sancho, "for my master has a very happy
knack of matchmaking; it's not many days since
he forced another man to marry, who in the
same way backed out of his promise to another
maiden; and if it had not been for his persecu-
tors the enchanters changing the man's proper
shape into a lacquey's the said maiden would
not be one this minute."
Roque, who was paying more attention to
the fair Claudia's adventure than to the words
of master or man, did not hear them; and orde-
ring his squires to restore to Sancho everything
they had stripped Dapple of, he directed them
to return to the place where they had been
quartered during the night, and then set off
with Claudia at full speed in search of the
wounded or slain Don Vicente. They reached
the spot where Claudia met him, but found
nothing there save freshly spilt blood; looking
all round, however, they descried some people
on the slope of a hill above them, and conclu-
ded, as indeed it proved to be, that it was Don
Vicente, whom either dead or alive his servants
were removing to attend to his wounds or to
bury him. They made haste to overtake them,
which, as the party moved slowly, they were
able to do with ease. They found Don Vicente
in the arms of his servants, whom he was en-
treating in a broken feeble voice to leave him
there to die, as the pain of his wounds would
not suffer him to go any farther. Claudia and
Roque threw themselves off their horses and
advanced towards him; the servants were ove-
rawed by the appearance of Roque, and Clau-
dia was moved by the sight of Don Vicente,
and going up to him half tenderly half sternly,
she seized his hand and said to him, "Hadst
thou given me this according to our compact
thou hadst never come to this pass."
The wounded gentleman opened his all but
closed eyes, and recognising Claudia said, "I
see clearly, fair and mistaken lady, that it is
thou that hast slain me, a punishment not meri-
ted or deserved by my feelings towards thee,
for never did I mean to, nor could I, wrong thee
in thought or deed."
 "It is not true, then," said Claudia, "that thou
wert going this morning to marry Leonora the
daughter of the rich Balvastro?"
"Assuredly not," replied Don Vicente; "my
cruel fortune must have carried those tidings to
thee to drive thee in thy jealousy to take my
life; and to assure thyself of this, press my
hands and take me for thy husband if thou wilt;
I have no better satisfaction to offer thee for the
wrong thou fanciest thou hast received from
me."
Claudia wrung his hands, and her own heart
was so wrung that she lay fainting on the blee-
ding breast of Don Vicente, whom a death
spasm seized the same instant. Roque was in
perplexity and knew not what to do; the ser-
vants ran to fetch water to sprinkle their faces,
and brought some and bathed them with it.
Claudia recovered from her fainting fit, but not
so Don Vicente from the paroxysm that had
overtaken him, for his life had come to an end.
On perceiving this, Claudia, when she had
convinced herself that her beloved husband
was no more, rent the air with her sighs and
made the heavens ring with her lamentations;
she tore her hair and scattered it to the winds,
she beat her face with her hands and showed
all the signs of grief and sorrow that could be
conceived to come from an afflicted heart.
"Cruel, reckless woman!" she cried, "how easily
wert thou moved to carry out a thought so wic-
ked! O furious force of jealousy, to what despe-
rate lengths dost thou lead those that give thee
lodging in their bosoms! O husband, whose
unhappy fate in being mine hath borne thee
from the marriage bed to the grave!"
So vehement and so piteous were the lamen-
tations of Claudia that they drew tears from
Roque's eyes, unused as they were to shed
them on any occasion. The servants wept,
Claudia swooned away again and again, and
the whole place seemed a field of sorrow and
an abode of misfortune. In the end Roque Gui-
nart directed Don Vicente's servants to carry
his body to his father's village, which was close
by, for burial. Claudia told him she meant to go
to a monastery of which an aunt of hers was
abbess, where she intended to pass her life with
a better and everlasting spouse. He applauded
her pious resolution, and offered to accompany
her whithersoever she wished, and to protect
her father against the kinsmen of Don Vicente
and all the world, should they seek to injure
him. Claudia would not on any account allow
him to accompany her; and thanking him for
his offers as well as she could, took leave of
him in tears. The servants of Don Vicente ca-
rried away his body, and Roque returned to his
comrades, and so ended the love of Claudia
Jeronima; but what wonder, when it was the
insuperable and cruel might of jealousy that
wove the web of her sad story?
Roque Guinart found his squires at the place
to which he had ordered them, and Don Quixo-
te on Rocinante in the midst of them delivering
a harangue to them in which he urged them to
give up a mode of life so full of peril, as well to
the soul as to the body; but as most of them
were Gascons, rough lawless fellows, his spe-
ech did not make much impression on them.
Roque on coming up asked Sancho if his men
had returned and restored to him the treasures
and jewels they had stripped off Dapple. San-
cho said they had, but that three kerchiefs that
were worth three cities were missing.
"What are you talking about, man?" said one
of the bystanders; "I have got them, and they
are not worth three reals."
"That is true," said Don Quixote; "but my
squire values them at the rate he says, as
having been given me by the person who gave
them."
Roque Guinart ordered them to be restored
at once; and making his men fall in in line he
directed all the clothing, jewellery, and money
that they had taken since the last distribution to
be produced; and making a hasty valuation,
and reducing what could not be divided into
money, he made shares for the whole band so
equitably and carefully, that in no case did he
exceed or fall short of strict distributive justice.
When this had been done, and all left satis-
fied, Roque observed to Don Quixote, "If this
scrupulous exactness were not observed with
these fellows there would be no living with
them."
Upon this Sancho remarked, "From what I
have seen here, justice is such a good thing that
there is no doing without it, even among the
thieves themselves."
One of the squires heard this, and raising the
butt-end of his harquebuss would no doubt
have broken Sancho's head with it had not Ro-
que Guinart called out to him to hold his hand.
Sancho was frightened out of his wits, and vo-
wed not to open his lips so long as he was in
the company of these people.
At this instant one or two of those squires
who were posted as sentinels on the roads, to
watch who came along them and report what
passed to their chief, came up and said, "Senor,
there is a great troop of people not far off co-
ming along the road to Barcelona."
To which Roque replied, "Hast thou made
out whether they are of the sort that are after
us, or of the sort we are after?"
"The sort we are after," said the squire.
"Well then, away with you all," said Roque,
"and bring them here to me at once without
letting one of them escape."
They obeyed, and Don Quixote, Sancho, and
Roque, left by themselves, waited to see what
the squires brought, and while they were wai-
ting Roque said to Don Quixote, "It must seem
a strange sort of life to Senor Don Quixote, this
of ours, strange adventures, strange incidents,
and all full of danger; and I do not wonder that
it should seem so, for in truth I must own there
is no mode of life more restless or anxious than
ours. What led me into it was a certain thirst for
vengeance, which is strong enough to disturb
the quietest hearts. I am by nature tender-
hearted and kindly, but, as I said, the desire to
revenge myself for a wrong that was done me
so overturns all my better impulses that I keep
on in this way of life in spite of what conscience
tells me; and as one depth calls to another, and
one sin to another sin, revenges have linked
themselves together, and I have taken upon
myself not only my own but those of others: it
pleases God, however, that, though I see myself
in this maze of entanglements, I do not lose all
hope of escaping from it and reaching a safe
port."
Don Quixote was amazed to hear Roque ut-
ter such excellent and just sentiments, for he
did not think that among those who followed
such trades as robbing, murdering, and wayla-
ying, there could be anyone capable of a vir-
tuous thought, and he said in reply, "Senor Ro-
que, the beginning of health lies in knowing the
disease and in the sick man's willingness to
take the medicines which the physician pres-
cribes; you are sick, you know what ails you,
and heaven, or more properly speaking God,
who is our physician, will administer medici-
nes that will cure you, and cure gradually, and
not of a sudden or by a miracle; besides, sinners
of discernment are nearer amendment than
those who are fools; and as your worship has
shown good sense in your remarks, all you
have to do is to keep up a good heart and trust
that the weakness of your conscience will be
strengthened. And if you have any desire to
shorten the journey and put yourself easily in
the way of salvation, come with me, and I will
show you how to become a knight-errant, a
calling wherein so many hardships and mis-
haps are encountered that if they be taken as
penances they will lodge you in heaven in a
trice."
Roque laughed at Don Quixote's exhorta-
tion, and changing the conversation he related
the tragic affair of Claudia Jeronima, at which
Sancho was extremely grieved; for he had not
found the young woman's beauty, boldness,
and spirit at all amiss.
And now the squires despatched to make
the prize came up, bringing with them two gen-
tlemen on horseback, two pilgrims on foot, and
a coach full of women with some six servants
on foot and on horseback in attendance on
them, and a couple of muleteers whom the gen-
tlemen had with them. The squires made a ring
round them, both victors and vanquished
maintaining profound silence, waiting for the
great Roque Guinart to speak. He asked the
gentlemen who they were, whither they were
going, and what money they carried with them;
"Senor," replied one of them, "we are two cap-
tains of Spanish infantry; our companies are at
Naples, and we are on our way to embark in
four galleys which they say are at Barcelona
under orders for Sicily; and we have about two
or three hundred crowns, with which we are,
according to our notions, rich and contented,
for a soldier's poverty does not allow a more
extensive hoard."
Roque asked the pilgrims the same ques-
tions he had put to the captains, and was ans-
wered that they were going to take ship for
Rome, and that between them they might have
about sixty reals. He asked also who was in the
coach, whither they were bound and what mo-
ney they had, and one of the men on horseback
replied, "The persons in the coach are my lady
Dona Guiomar de Quinones, wife of the regent
of the Vicaria at Naples, her little daughter, a
handmaid and a duenna; we six servants are in
attendance upon her, and the money amounts
to six hundred crowns."
"So then," said Roque Guinart, "we have got
here nine hundred crowns and sixty reals; my
soldiers must number some sixty; see how
much there falls to each, for I am a bad arithme-
tician." As soon as the robbers heard this they
raised a shout of "Long life to Roque Guinart, in
spite of the lladres that seek his ruin!"
 The captains showed plainly the concern
they felt, the regent's lady was downcast, and
the pilgrims did not at all enjoy seeing their
property confiscated. Roque kept them in sus-
pense in this way for a while; but he had no
desire to prolong their distress, which might be
seen a bowshot off, and turning to the captains
he said, "Sirs, will your worships be pleased of
your courtesy to lend me sixty crowns, and her
ladyship the regent's wife eighty, to satisfy this
band that follows me, for 'it is by his singing
the abbot gets his dinner;' and then you may at
once proceed on your journey, free and unhin-
dered, with a safe-conduct which I shall give
you, so that if you come across any other bands
of mine that I have scattered in these parts, they
may do you no harm; for I have no intention of
doing injury to soldiers, or to any woman, es-
pecially one of quality."
Profuse and hearty were the expressions of
gratitude with which the captains thanked Ro-
que for his courtesy and generosity; for such
they regarded his leaving them their own mo-
ney. Senora Dona Guiomar de Quinones wan-
ted to throw herself out of the coach to kiss the
feet and hands of the great Roque, but he
would not suffer it on any account; so far from
that, he begged her pardon for the wrong he
had done her under pressure of the inexorable
necessities of his unfortunate calling. The re-
gent's lady ordered one of her servants to give
the eighty crowns that had been assessed as her
share at once, for the captains had already paid
down their sixty. The pilgrims were about to
give up the whole of their little hoard, but Ro-
que bade them keep quiet, and turning to his
men he said, "Of these crowns two fall to each
man and twenty remain over; let ten be given
to these pilgrims, and the other ten to this
worthy squire that he may be able to speak
favourably of this adventure;" and then having
writing materials, with which he always went
provided, brought to him, he gave them in wri-
ting a safe-conduct to the leaders of his bands;
and bidding them farewell let them go free and
filled with admiration at his magnanimity, his
generous disposition, and his unusual conduct,
and inclined to regard him as an Alexander the
Great rather than a notorious robber.
One of the squires observed in his mixture of
Gascon and Catalan, "This captain of ours
would make a better friar than highwayman; if
he wants to be so generous another time, let it
be with his own property and not ours."
The unlucky wight did not speak so low but
that Roque overheard him, and drawing his
sword almost split his head in two, saying,
"That is the way I punish impudent saucy fe-
llows." They were all taken aback, and not one
of them dared to utter a word, such deference
did they pay him. Roque then withdrew to one
side and wrote a letter to a friend of his at Bar-
celona, telling him that the famous Don Quixo-
te of La Mancha, the knight-errant of whom
there was so much talk, was with him, and was,
he assured him, the drollest and wisest man in
the world; and that in four days from that date,
that is to say, on Saint John the Baptist's Day, he
was going to deposit him in full armour moun-
ted on his horse Rocinante, together with his
squire Sancho on an ass, in the middle of the
strand of the city; and bidding him give notice
of this to his friends the Niarros, that they
might divert themselves with him. He wished,
he said, his enemies the Cadells could be de-
prived of this pleasure; but that was impossi-
ble, because the crazes and shrewd sayings of
Don Quixote and the humours of his squire
Sancho Panza could not help giving general
pleasure to all the world. He despatched the
letter by one of his squires, who, exchanging
the costume of a highwayman for that of a pea-
sant, made his way into Barcelona and gave it
to the person to whom it was directed.
 CHAPTER LXI.

OF WHAT HAPPENED DON

QUIXOTE ON ENTERING BARCE-
LONA, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
MATTERS THAT PARTAKE OF THE
TRUE RATHER THAN OF THE INGE-
NIOUS

Don Quixote passed three days and three

nights with Roque, and had he passed three
hundred years he would have found enough to
observe and wonder at in his mode of life. At
daybreak they were in one spot, at dinner-time
in another; sometimes they fled without kno-
wing from whom, at other times they lay in
wait, not knowing for what. They slept stan-
ding, breaking their slumbers to shift from pla-
ce to place. There was nothing but sending out
spies and scouts, posting sentinels and blowing
the matches of harquebusses, though they ca-
rried but few, for almost all used flintlocks.
Roque passed his nights in some place or other
apart from his men, that they might not know
where he was, for the many proclamations the
viceroy of Barcelona had issued against his life
kept him in fear and uneasiness, and he did not
venture to trust anyone, afraid that even his
own men would kill him or deliver him up to
the authorities; of a truth, a weary miserable
life! At length, by unfrequented roads, short
cuts, and secret paths, Roque, Don Quixote,
and Sancho, together with six squires, set out
for Barcelona. They reached the strand on Saint
John's Eve during the night; and Roque, after
embracing Don Quixote and Sancho (to whom
he presented the ten crowns he had promised
but had not until then given), left them with
many expressions of good-will on both sides.
Roque went back, while Don Quixote re-
mained on horseback, just as he was, waiting
for day, and it was not long before the counte-
nance of the fair Aurora began to show itself at
the balconies of the east, gladdening the grass
and flowers, if not the ear, though to gladden
that too there came at the same moment a
sound of clarions and drums, and a din of bells,
and a tramp, tramp, and cries of "Clear the way
there!" of some runners, that seemed to issue
from the city.
The dawn made way for the sun that with a
face broader than a buckler began to rise slowly
above the low line of the horizon; Don Quixote
and Sancho gazed all round them; they beheld
the sea, a sight until then unseen by them; it
struck them as exceedingly spacious and broad,
much more so than the lakes of Ruidera which
they had seen in La Mancha. They saw the ga-
lleys along the beach, which, lowering their
awnings, displayed themselves decked with
streamers and pennons that trembled in the
breeze and kissed and swept the water, while
on board the bugles, trumpets, and clarions
were sounding and filling the air far and near
with melodious warlike notes. Then they began
to move and execute a kind of skirmish upon
the calm water, while a vast number of horse-
men on fine horses and in showy liveries, is-
suing from the city, engaged on their side in a
somewhat similar movement. The soldiers on
board the galleys kept up a ceaseless fire, which
they on the walls and forts of the city returned,
and the heavy cannon rent the air with the tre-
mendous noise they made, to which the gang-
way guns of the galleys replied. The bright sea,
the smiling earth, the clear air—though at times
darkened by the smoke of the guns—all see-
med to fill the whole multitude with unexpec-
ted delight. Sancho could not make out how it
was that those great masses that moved over
the sea had so many feet.
And now the horsemen in livery came ga-
lloping up with shouts and outlandish cries
and cheers to where Don Quixote stood ama-
zed and wondering; and one of them, he to
whom Roque had sent word, addressing him
exclaimed, "Welcome to our city, mirror, bea-
con, star and cynosure of all knight-errantry in
its widest extent! Welcome, I say, valiant Don
Quixote of La Mancha; not the false, the ficti-
tious, the apocryphal, that these latter days
have offered us in lying histories, but the true,
the legitimate, the real one that Cide Hamete
Benengeli, flower of historians, has described to
us!"
Don Quixote made no answer, nor did the
horsemen wait for one, but wheeling again
with all their followers, they began curvetting
round Don Quixote, who, turning to Sancho,
said, "These gentlemen have plainly recognised
us; I will wager they have read our history, and
even that newly printed one by the Aragonese."
The cavalier who had addressed Don Quixo-
te again approached him and said, "Come with
us, Senor Don Quixote, for we are all of us your
servants and great friends of Roque Guinart's;"
to which Don Quixote returned, "If courtesy
breeds courtesy, yours, sir knight, is daughter
or very nearly akin to the great Roque's; carry
me where you please; I will have no will but
yours, especially if you deign to employ it in
your service."
The cavalier replied with words no less poli-
te, and then, all closing in around him, they set
out with him for the city, to the music of the
clarions and the drums. As they were entering
it, the wicked one, who is the author of all mis-
chief, and the boys who are wickeder than the
wicked one, contrived that a couple of these
audacious irrepressible urchins should force
their way through the crowd, and lifting up,
one of them Dapple's tail and the other Roci-
nante's, insert a bunch of furze under each. The
poor beasts felt the strange spurs and added to
their anguish by pressing their tails tight, so
much so that, cutting a multitude of capers,
they flung their masters to the ground. Don
Quixote, covered with shame and out of coun-
tenance, ran to pluck the plume from his poor
jade's tail, while Sancho did the same for Dap-
ple. His conductors tried to punish the audacity
of the boys, but there was no possibility of
doing so, for they hid themselves among the
hundreds of others that were following them.
Don Quixote and Sancho mounted once more,
and with the same music and acclamations rea-
ched their conductor's house, which was large
and stately, that of a rich gentleman, in short;
and there for the present we will leave them,
for such is Cide Hamete's pleasure.

CHAPTER LXII.

WHICH DEALS WITH THE AD-

VENTURE OF THE ENCHANTED
HEAD, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
TRIVIAL MATTERS WHICH CANNOT
BE LEFT UNTOLD

Don Quixote's host was one Don Antonio

Moreno by name, a gentleman of wealth and
intelligence, and very fond of diverting himself
in any fair and good-natured way; and having
Don Quixote in his house he set about devising
modes of making him exhibit his mad points in
some harmless fashion; for jests that give pain
are no jests, and no sport is worth anything if it
hurts another. The first thing he did was to ma-
ke Don Quixote take off his armour, and lead
him, in that tight chamois suit we have already
described and depicted more than once, out on
a balcony overhanging one of the chief streets
of the city, in full view of the crowd and of the
boys, who gazed at him as they would at a
monkey. The cavaliers in livery careered before
him again as though it were for him alone, and
not to enliven the festival of the day, that they
wore it, and Sancho was in high delight, for it
seemed to him that, how he knew not, he had
fallen upon another Camacho's wedding, anot-
her house like Don Diego de Miranda's, anot-
her castle like the duke's. Some of Don Anto-
nio's friends dined with him that day, and all
showed honour to Don Quixote and treated
him as a knight-errant, and he becoming puffed
up and exalted in consequence could not con-
tain himself for satisfaction. Such were the dro-
lleries of Sancho that all the servants of the
house, and all who heard him, were kept han-
ging upon his lips. While at table Don Antonio
said to him, "We hear, worthy Sancho, that you
are so fond of manjar blanco and forced-meat
balls, that if you have any left, you keep them
in your bosom for the next day."
"No, senor, that's not true," said Sancho, "for
I am more cleanly than greedy, and my master
Don Quixote here knows well that we two are
used to live for a week on a handful of acorns
or nuts. To be sure, if it so happens that they
offer me a heifer, I run with a halter; I mean, I
eat what I'm given, and make use of opportuni-
ties as I find them; but whoever says that I'm an
out-of-the-way eater or not cleanly, let me tell
him that he is wrong; and I'd put it in a diffe-
rent way if I did not respect the honourable
beards that are at the table."
"Indeed," said Don Quixote, "Sancho's mo-
deration and cleanliness in eating might be ins-
cribed and graved on plates of brass, to be kept
in eternal remembrance in ages to come. It is
true that when he is hungry there is a certain
appearance of voracity about him, for he eats at
a great pace and chews with both jaws; but cle-
anliness he is always mindful of; and when he
was governor he learned how to eat daintily, so
much so that he eats grapes, and even pome-
granate pips, with a fork."
"What!" said Don Antonio, "has Sancho been
a governor?"
"Ay," said Sancho, "and of an island called
Barataria. I governed it to perfection for ten
days; and lost my rest all the time; and learned
to look down upon all the governments in the
world; I got out of it by taking to flight, and fell
into a pit where I gave myself up for dead, and
out of which I escaped alive by a miracle."
Don Quixote then gave them a minute ac-
count of the whole affair of
Sancho's government, with which he greatly
amused his hearers.
On the cloth being removed Don Antonio,
taking Don Quixote by the hand, passed with
him into a distant room in which there was
nothing in the way of furniture except a table,
apparently of jasper, resting on a pedestal of
the same, upon which was set up, after the fas-
hion of the busts of the Roman emperors, a
head which seemed to be of bronze. Don Anto-
nio traversed the whole apartment with Don
Quixote and walked round the table several
times, and then said, "Now, Senor Don Quixo-
te, that I am satisfied that no one is listening to
us, and that the door is shut, I will tell you of
one of the rarest adventures, or more properly
speaking strange things, that can be imagined,
on condition that you will keep what I say to
you in the remotest recesses of secrecy."
"I swear it," said Don Quixote, "and for grea-
ter security I will put a flag-stone over it; for I
would have you know, Senor Don Antonio" (he
had by this time learned his name), "that you
are addressing one who, though he has ears to
hear, has no tongue to speak; so that you may
safely transfer whatever you have in your bo-
som into mine, and rely upon it that you have
consigned it to the depths of silence."
"In reliance upon that promise," said Don
Antonio, "I will astonish you with what you
shall see and hear, and relieve myself of some
of the vexation it gives me to have no one to
whom I can confide my secrets, for they are not
of a sort to be entrusted to everybody."
Don Quixote was puzzled, wondering what
could be the object of such precautions; whe-
reupon Don Antonio taking his hand passed it
over the bronze head and the whole table and
the pedestal of jasper on which it stood, and
then said, "This head, Senor Don Quixote, has
been made and fabricated by one of the greatest
magicians and wizards the world ever saw, a
Pole, I believe, by birth, and a pupil of the fa-
mous Escotillo of whom such marvellous sto-
ries are told. He was here in my house, and for
a consideration of a thousand crowns that I
gave him he constructed this head, which has
the property and virtue of answering whatever
questions are put to its ear. He observed the
points of the compass, he traced figures, he
studied the stars, he watched favourable mo-
ments, and at length brought it to the perfec-
tion we shall see to-morrow, for on Fridays it is
mute, and this being Friday we must wait till
the next day. In the interval your worship may
consider what you would like to ask it; and I
know by experience that in all its answers it
tells the truth."
 Don Quixote was amazed at the virtue and
property of the head, and was inclined to disbe-
lieve Don Antonio; but seeing what a short ti-
me he had to wait to test the matter, he did not
choose to say anything except that he thanked
him for having revealed to him so mighty a
secret. They then quitted the room, Don Anto-
nio locked the door, and they repaired to the
chamber where the rest of the gentlemen were
assembled. In the meantime Sancho had re-
counted to them several of the adventures and
accidents that had happened his master.
That afternoon they took Don Quixote out
for a stroll, not in his armour but in street cos-
tume, with a surcoat of tawny cloth upon him,
that at that season would have made ice itself
sweat. Orders were left with the servants to
entertain Sancho so as not to let him leave the
house. Don Quixote was mounted, not on Ro-
cinante, but upon a tall mule of easy pace and
handsomely caparisoned. They put the surcoat
on him, and on the back, without his perceiving
it, they stitched a parchment on which they
wrote in large letters, "This is Don Quixote of
La Mancha." As they set out upon their excur-
sion the placard attracted the eyes of all who
chanced to see him, and as they read out, "This
is Don Quixote of La Mancha," Don Quixote
was amazed to see how many people gazed at
him, called him by his name, and recognised
him, and turning to Don Antonio, who rode at
his side, he observed to him, "Great are the pri-
vileges knight-errantry involves, for it makes
him who professes it known and famous in
every region of the earth; see, Don Antonio,
even the very boys of this city know me wit-
hout ever having seen me."
"True, Senor Don Quixote," returned Don
Antonio; "for as fire cannot be hidden or kept
secret, virtue cannot escape being recognised;
and that which is attained by the profession of
arms shines distinguished above all others."
It came to pass, however, that as Don Quixo-
te was proceeding amid the acclamations that
have been described, a Castilian, reading the
inscription on his back, cried out in a loud voi-
ce, "The devil take thee for a Don Quixote of La
Mancha! What! art thou here, and not dead of
the countless drubbings that have fallen on thy
ribs? Thou art mad; and if thou wert so by thy-
self, and kept thyself within thy madness, it
would not be so bad; but thou hast the gift of
making fools and blockheads of all who have
anything to do with thee or say to thee. Why,
look at these gentlemen bearing thee company!
Get thee home, blockhead, and see after thy
affairs, and thy wife and children, and give
over these fooleries that are sapping thy brains
and skimming away thy wits."
"Go your own way, brother," said Don An-
tonio, "and don't offer advice to those who
don't ask you for it. Senor Don Quixote is in his
full senses, and we who bear him company are
not fools; virtue is to be honoured wherever it
may be found; go, and bad luck to you, and
don't meddle where you are not wanted."
 "By God, your worship is right," replied the
Castilian; "for to advise this good man is to kick
against the pricks; still for all that it fills me
with pity that the sound wit they say the bloc-
khead has in everything should dribble away
by the channel of his knight-errantry; but may
the bad luck your worship talks of follow me
and all my descendants, if, from this day forth,
though I should live longer than Methuselah, I
ever give advice to anybody even if he asks me
for it."
The advice-giver took himself off, and they
continued their stroll; but so great was the pre-
ss of the boys and people to read the placard,
that Don Antonio was forced to remove it as if
he were taking off something else.
Night came and they went home, and there
was a ladies' dancing party, for Don Antonio's
wife, a lady of rank and gaiety, beauty and wit,
had invited some friends of hers to come and
do honour to her guest and amuse themselves
with his strange delusions. Several of them ca-
me, they supped sumptuously, the dance began
at about ten o'clock. Among the ladies were
two of a mischievous and frolicsome turn, and,
though perfectly modest, somewhat free in
playing tricks for harmless diversion sake. The-
se two were so indefatigable in taking Don
Quixote out to dance that they tired him down,
not only in body but in spirit. It was a sight to
see the figure Don Quixote made, long, lank,
lean, and yellow, his garments clinging tight to
him, ungainly, and above all anything but agi-
le.
The gay ladies made secret love to him, and
he on his part secretly repelled them, but fin-
ding himself hard pressed by their blandish-
ments he lifted up his voice and exclaimed,
"Fugite, partes adversae! Leave me in peace,
unwelcome overtures; avaunt, with your desi-
res, ladies, for she who is queen of mine, the
peerless Dulcinea del Toboso, suffers none but
hers to lead me captive and subdue me;" and so
saying he sat down on the floor in the middle
of the room, tired out and broken down by all
this exertion in the dance.
Don Antonio directed him to be taken up
bodily and carried to bed, and the first that laid
hold of him was Sancho, saying as he did so,
"In an evil hour you took to dancing, master
mine; do you fancy all mighty men of valour
are dancers, and all knights-errant given to
capering? If you do, I can tell you you are mis-
taken; there's many a man would rather under-
take to kill a giant than cut a caper. If it had
been the shoe-fling you were at I could take
your place, for I can do the shoe-fling like a
gerfalcon; but I'm no good at dancing."
With these and other observations Sancho
set the whole ball-room laughing, and then put
his master to bed, covering him up well so that
he might sweat out any chill caught after his
dancing.
The next day Don Antonio thought he might
as well make trial of the enchanted head, and
with Don Quixote, Sancho, and two others,
friends of his, besides the two ladies that had
tired out Don Quixote at the ball, who had re-
mained for the night with Don Antonio's wife,
he locked himself up in the chamber where the
head was. He explained to them the property it
possessed and entrusted the secret to them,
telling them that now for the first time he was
going to try the virtue of the enchanted head;
but except Don Antonio's two friends no one
else was privy to the mystery of the enchant-
ment, and if Don Antonio had not first revealed
it to them they would have been inevitably re-
duced to the same state of amazement as the
rest, so artfully and skilfully was it contrived.
The first to approach the ear of the head was
Don Antonio himself, and in a low voice but
not so low as not to be audible to all, he said to
it, "Head, tell me by the virtue that lies in thee
what am I at this moment thinking of?"
The head, without any movement of the lips,
answered in a clear and distinct voice, so as to
be heard by all, "I cannot judge of thoughts."
 All were thunderstruck at this, and all the
more so as they saw that there was nobody
anywhere near the table or in the whole room
that could have answered. "How many of us
are here?" asked Don Antonio once more; and it
was answered him in the same way softly,
"Thou and thy wife, with two friends of thine
and two of hers, and a famous knight called
Don Quixote of La Mancha, and a squire of his,
Sancho Panza by name."
Now there was fresh astonishment; now
everyone's hair was standing on end with awe;
and Don Antonio retiring from the head ex-
claimed, "This suffices to show me that I have
not been deceived by him who sold thee to me,
O sage head, talking head, answering head,
wonderful head! Let some one else go and put
what question he likes to it."
And as women are commonly impulsive
and inquisitive, the first to come forward was
one of the two friends of Don Antonio's wife,
and her question was, "Tell me, Head, what
shall I do to be very beautiful?" and the answer
she got was, "Be very modest."
"I question thee no further," said the fair
querist.
Her companion then came up and said, "I
should like to know, Head, whether my hus-
band loves me or not;" the answer given to her
was, "Think how he uses thee, and thou mayest
guess;" and the married lady went off saying,
"That answer did not need a question; for of
course the treatment one receives shows the
disposition of him from whom it is received."
Then one of Don Antonio's two friends ad-
vanced and asked it, "Who am I?" "Thou kno-
west," was the answer. "That is not what I ask
thee," said the gentleman, "but to tell me if thou
knowest me." "Yes, I know thee, thou art Don
Pedro Noriz," was the reply.
"I do not seek to know more," said the gen-
tleman, "for this is enough to convince me, O
Head, that thou knowest everything;" and as he
retired the other friend came forward and as-
ked it, "Tell me, Head, what are the wishes of
my eldest son?"
"I have said already," was the answer, "that I
cannot judge of wishes; however, I can tell thee
the wish of thy son is to bury thee."
"That's 'what I see with my eyes I point out
with my finger,'" said the gentleman, "so I ask
no more."
Don Antonio's wife came up and said, "I
know not what to ask thee, Head; I would only
seek to know of thee if I shall have many years
of enjoyment of my good husband;" and the
answer she received was, "Thou shalt, for his
vigour and his temperate habits promise many
years of life, which by their intemperance ot-
hers so often cut short."
Then Don Quixote came forward and said,
"Tell me, thou that answerest, was that which I
describe as having happened to me in the cave
of Montesinos the truth or a dream? Will San-
cho's whipping be accomplished without fail?
Will the disenchantment of Dulcinea be
brought about?"
"As to the question of the cave," was the re-
ply, "there is much to be said; there is somet-
hing of both in it. Sancho's whipping will pro-
ceed leisurely. The disenchantment of Dulcinea
will attain its due consummation."
"I seek to know no more," said Don Quixote;
"let me but see Dulcinea disenchanted, and I
will consider that all the good fortune I could
wish for has come upon me all at once."
The last questioner was Sancho, and his
questions were, "Head, shall I by any chance
have another government? Shall I ever escape
from the hard life of a squire? Shall I get back to
see my wife and children?" To which the ans-
wer came, "Thou shalt govern in thy house; and
if thou returnest to it thou shalt see thy wife
and children; and on ceasing to serve thou shalt
cease to be a squire."
 "Good, by God!" said Sancho Panza; "I could
have told myself that; the prophet Perogrullo
could have said no more."
"What answer wouldst thou have, beast?"
said Don Quixote; "is it not enough that the
replies this head has given suit the questions
put to it?"
"Yes, it is enough," said Sancho; "but I
should have liked it to have made itself plainer
and told me more."
The questions and answers came to an end
here, but not the wonder with which all were
filled, except Don Antonio's two friends who
were in the secret. This Cide Hamete Benengeli
thought fit to reveal at once, not to keep the
world in suspense, fancying that the head had
some strange magical mystery in it. He says,
therefore, that on the model of another head,
the work of an image maker, which he had seen
at Madrid, Don Antonio made this one at home
for his own amusement and to astonish igno-
rant people; and its mechanism was as follows.
The table was of wood painted and varnished
to imitate jasper, and the pedestal on which it
stood was of the same material, with four ea-
gles' claws projecting from it to support the
weight more steadily. The head, which resem-
bled a bust or figure of a Roman emperor, and
was coloured like bronze, was hollow throug-
hout, as was the table, into which it was fitted
so exactly that no trace of the joining was visi-
ble. The pedestal of the table was also hollow
and communicated with the throat and neck of
the head, and the whole was in communication
with another room underneath the chamber in
which the head stood. Through the entire cavi-
ty in the pedestal, table, throat and neck of the
bust or figure, there passed a tube of tin carefu-
lly adjusted and concealed from sight. In the
room below corresponding to the one above
was placed the person who was to answer,
with his mouth to the tube, and the voice, as in
an ear-trumpet, passed from above down-
wards, and from below upwards, the words
coming clearly and distinctly; it was impossi-
ble, thus, to detect the trick. A nephew of Don
Antonio's, a smart sharp-witted student, was
the answerer, and as he had been told before-
hand by his uncle who the persons were that
would come with him that day into the cham-
ber where the head was, it was an easy matter
for him to answer the first question at once and
correctly; the others he answered by guess-
work, and, being clever, cleverly. Cide Hamete
adds that this marvellous contrivance stood for
some ten or twelve days; but that, as it became
noised abroad through the city that he had in
his house an enchanted head that answered all
who asked questions of it, Don Antonio, fea-
ring it might come to the ears of the watchful
sentinels of our faith, explained the matter to
the inquisitors, who commanded him to break
it up and have done with it, lest the ignorant
vulgar should be scandalised. By Don Quixote,
however, and by Sancho the head was still held
to be an enchanted one, and capable of answe-
ring questions, though more to Don Quixote's
satisfaction than Sancho's.
The gentlemen of the city, to gratify Don An-
tonio and also to do the honours to Don Quixo-
te, and give him an opportunity of displaying
his folly, made arrangements for a tilting at the
ring in six days from that time, which, howe-
ver, for reason that will be mentioned hereafter,
did not take place.
Don Quixote took a fancy to stroll about the
city quietly and on foot, for he feared that if he
went on horseback the boys would follow him;
so he and Sancho and two servants that Don
Antonio gave him set out for a walk. Thus it
came to pass that going along one of the streets
Don Quixote lifted up his eyes and saw written
in very large letters over a door, "Books printed
here," at which he was vastly pleased, for until
then he had never seen a printing office, and he
was curious to know what it was like. He ente-
red with all his following, and saw them dra-
wing sheets in one place, correcting in another,
setting up type here, revising there; in short all
the work that is to be seen in great printing
offices. He went up to one case and asked what
they were about there; the workmen told him,
he watched them with wonder, and passed on.
He approached one man, among others, and
asked him what he was doing. The workman
replied, "Senor, this gentleman here" (pointing
to a man of prepossessing appearance and a
certain gravity of look) "has translated an Ita-
lian book into our Spanish tongue, and I am
setting it up in type for the press."
"What is the title of the book?" asked Don
Quixote; to which the author replied, "Senor, in
Italian the book is called Le Bagatelle."
"And what does Le Bagatelle import in our
Spanish?" asked Don Quixote.
"Le Bagatelle," said the author, "is as though
we should say in Spanish Los Juguetes; but
though the book is humble in name it has good
solid matter in it."
 "I," said Don Quixote, "have some little
smattering of Italian, and I plume myself on
singing some of Ariosto's stanzas; but tell me,
senor—I do not say this to test your ability, but
merely out of curiosity—have you ever met
with the word pignatta in your book?"
"Yes, often," said the author.
"And how do you render that in Spanish?"
"How should I render it," returned the aut-
hor, "but by olla?"
"Body o' me," exclaimed Don Quixote, "what
a proficient you are in the Italian language! I
would lay a good wager that where they say in
Italian piace you say in Spanish place, and
where they say piu you say mas, and you trans-
late su by arriba and giu by abajo."
"I translate them so of course," said the aut-
hor, "for those are their proper equivalents."
"I would venture to swear," said Don Quixo-
te, "that your worship is not known in the
world, which always begrudges their reward to
rare wits and praiseworthy labours. What ta-
lents lie wasted there! What genius thrust away
into corners! What worth left neglected! Still it
seems to me that translation from one language
into another, if it be not from the queens of lan-
guages, the Greek and the Latin, is like looking
at Flemish tapestries on the wrong side; for
though the figures are visible, they are full of
threads that make them indistinct, and they do
not show with the smoothness and brightness
of the right side; and translation from easy lan-
guages argues neither ingenuity nor command
of words, any more than transcribing or cop-
ying out one document from another. But I do
not mean by this to draw the inference that no
credit is to be allowed for the work of transla-
ting, for a man may employ himself in ways
worse and less profitable to himself. This esti-
mate does not include two famous translators,
Doctor Cristobal de Figueroa, in his Pastor Fi-
do, and Don Juan de Jauregui, in his Aminta,
wherein by their felicity they leave it in doubt
which is the translation and which the original.
But tell me, are you printing this book at your
own risk, or have you sold the copyright to
some bookseller?"
"I print at my own risk," said the author,
"and I expect to make a thousand ducats at le-
ast by this first edition, which is to be of two
thousand copies that will go off in a twinkling
at six reals apiece."
"A fine calculation you are making!" said
Don Quixote; "it is plain you don't know the ins
and outs of the printers, and how they play into
one another's hands. I promise you when you
find yourself saddled with two thousand copies
you will feel so sore that it will astonish you,
particularly if the book is a little out of the
common and not in any way highly spiced."
"What!" said the author, "would your wors-
hip, then, have me give it to a bookseller who
will give three maravedis for the copyright and
think he is doing me a favour? I do not print
my books to win fame in the world, for I am
known in it already by my works; I want to
make money, without which reputation is not
worth a rap."
"God send your worship good luck," said
Don Quixote; and he moved on to another case,
where he saw them correcting a sheet of a book
with the title of "Light of the Soul;" noticing it
he observed, "Books like this, though there are
many of the kind, are the ones that deserve to
be printed, for many are the sinners in these
days, and lights unnumbered are needed for all
that are in darkness."
He passed on, and saw they were also co-
rrecting another book, and when he asked its
title they told him it was called, "The Second
Part of the Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote
of La Mancha," by one of Tordesillas.
"I have heard of this book already," said Don
Quixote, "and verily and on my conscience I
thought it had been by this time burned to as-
hes as a meddlesome intruder; but its Martin-
mas will come to it as it does to every pig; for
fictions have the more merit and charm about
them the more nearly they approach the truth
or what looks like it; and true stories, the truer
they are the better they are;" and so saying he
walked out of the printing office with a certain
amount of displeasure in his looks. That same
day Don Antonio arranged to take him to see
the galleys that lay at the beach, whereat San-
cho was in high delight, as he had never seen
any all his life. Don Antonio sent word to the
commandant of the galleys that he intended to
bring his guest, the famous Don Quixote of La
Mancha, of whom the commandant and all the
citizens had already heard, that afternoon to
see them; and what happened on board of them
will be told in the next chapter.
 CHAPTER LXIII.

OF THE MISHAP THAT BEFELL

SANCHO PANZA THROUGH THE VI-
SIT TO THE GALLEYS, AND THE
STRANGE ADVENTURE OF THE FAIR
MORISCO

Profound were Don Quixote's reflections on

the reply of the enchanted head, not one of
them, however, hitting on the secret of the
trick, but all concentrated on the promise,
which he regarded as a certainty, of Dulcinea's
disenchantment. This he turned over in his
mind again and again with great satisfaction,
fully persuaded that he would shortly see its
fulfillment; and as for Sancho, though, as has
been said, he hated being a governor, still he
had a longing to be giving orders and finding
himself obeyed once more; this is the misfortu-
ne that being in authority, even in jest, brings
with it.
To resume; that afternoon their host Don
Antonio Moreno and his two friends, with Don
Quixote and Sancho, went to the galleys. The
commandant had been already made aware of
his good fortune in seeing two such famous
persons as Don Quixote and Sancho, and the
instant they came to the shore all the galleys
struck their awnings and the clarions rang out.
A skiff covered with rich carpets and cushions
of crimson velvet was immediately lowered
into the water, and as Don Quixote stepped on
board of it, the leading galley fired her gang-
way gun, and the other galleys did the same;
and as he mounted the starboard ladder the
whole crew saluted him (as is the custom when
a personage of distinction comes on board a
galley) by exclaiming "Hu, hu, hu," three times.
The general, for so we shall call him, a Valen-
cian gentleman of rank, gave him his hand and
embraced him, saying, "I shall mark this day
with a white stone as one of the happiest I can
expect to enjoy in my lifetime, since I have seen
Senor Don Quixote of La Mancha, pattern and
image wherein we see contained and conden-
sed all that is worthy in knight-errantry."
Don Quixote delighted beyond measure
with such a lordly reception, replied to him in
words no less courteous. All then proceeded to
the poop, which was very handsomely decora-
ted, and seated themselves on the bulwark ben-
ches; the boatswain passed along the gangway
and piped all hands to strip, which they did in
an instant. Sancho, seeing such a number of
men stripped to the skin, was taken aback, and
still more when he saw them spread the aw-
ning so briskly that it seemed to him as if all the
devils were at work at it; but all this was cakes
and fancy bread to what I am going to tell now.
Sancho was seated on the captain's stage, close
to the aftermost rower on the right-hand side.
He, previously instructed in what he was to do,
laid hold of Sancho, hoisting him up in his
arms, and the whole crew, who were standing
ready, beginning on the right, proceeded to
pass him on, whirling him along from hand to
hand and from bench to bench with such rapi-
dity that it took the sight out of poor Sancho's
eyes, and he made quite sure that the devils
themselves were flying away with him; nor did
they leave off with him until they had sent him
back along the left side and deposited him on
the poop; and the poor fellow was left bruised
and breathless and all in a sweat, and unable to
comprehend what it was that had happened to
him.
Don Quixote when he saw Sancho's flight
without wings asked the general if this was a
usual ceremony with those who came on board
the galleys for the first time; for, if so, as he had
no intention of adopting them as a profession,
he had no mind to perform such feats of agility,
and if anyone offered to lay hold of him to
whirl him about, he vowed to God he would
kick his soul out; and as he said this he stood
up and clapped his hand upon his sword. At
this instant they struck the awning and lowered
the yard with a prodigious rattle. Sancho
thought heaven was coming off its hinges and
going to fall on his head, and full of terror he
ducked it and buried it between his knees; nor
were Don Quixote's knees altogether under
control, for he too shook a little, squeezed his
shoulders together and lost colour. The crew
then hoisted the yard with the same rapidity
and clatter as when they lowered it, all the whi-
le keeping silence as though they had neither
voice nor breath. The boatswain gave the signal
to weigh anchor, and leaping upon the middle
of the gangway began to lay on to the shoul-
ders of the crew with his courbash or whip, and
to haul out gradually to sea.
When Sancho saw so many red feet (for such
he took the oars to be) moving all together, he
said to himself, "It's these that are the real chan-
ted things, and not the ones my master talks of.
What can those wretches have done to be so
whipped; and how does that one man who go-
es along there whistling dare to whip so many?
I declare this is hell, or at least purgatory!"
Don Quixote, observing how attentively
Sancho regarded what was going on, said to
him, "Ah, Sancho my friend, how quickly and
cheaply might you finish off the disenchant-
ment of Dulcinea, if you would strip to the
waist and take your place among those gentle-
men! Amid the pain and sufferings of so many
you would not feel your own much; and mo-
reover perhaps the sage Merlin would allow
each of these lashes, being laid on with a good
hand, to count for ten of those which you must
give yourself at last."
The general was about to ask what these
lashes were, and what was Dulcinea's disen-
chantment, when a sailor exclaimed, "Monjui
signals that there is an oared vessel off the coast
to the west."
 On hearing this the general sprang upon the
gangway crying, "Now then, my sons, don't let
her give us the slip! It must be some Algerine
corsair brigantine that the watchtower signals
to us." The three others immediately came
alongside the chief galley to receive their or-
ders. The general ordered two to put out to sea
while he with the other kept in shore, so that in
this way the vessel could not escape them. The
crews plied the oars driving the galleys so fu-
riously that they seemed to fly. The two that
had put out to sea, after a couple of miles sigh-
ted a vessel which, so far as they could make
out, they judged to be one of fourteen or fifteen
banks, and so she proved. As soon as the vessel
discovered the galleys she went about with the
object and in the hope of making her escape by
her speed; but the attempt failed, for the chief
galley was one of the fastest vessels afloat, and
overhauled her so rapidly that they on board
the brigantine saw clearly there was no possibi-
lity of escaping, and the rais therefore would
have had them drop their oars and give them-
selves up so as not to provoke the captain in
command of our galleys to anger. But chance,
directing things otherwise, so ordered it that
just as the chief galley came close enough for
those on board the vessel to hear the shouts
from her calling on them to surrender, two To-
raquis, that is to say two Turks, both drunken,
that with a dozen more were on board the bri-
gantine, discharged their muskets, killing two
of the soldiers that lined the sides of our vessel.
Seeing this the general swore he would not
leave one of those he found on board the vessel
alive, but as he bore down furiously upon her
she slipped away from him underneath the
oars. The galley shot a good way ahead; those
on board the vessel saw their case was despera-
te, and while the galley was coming about they
made sail, and by sailing and rowing once mo-
re tried to sheer off; but their activity did not do
them as much good as their rashness did them
harm, for the galley coming up with them in a
little more than half a mile threw her oars over
them and took the whole of them alive. The
other two galleys now joined company and all
four returned with the prize to the beach, whe-
re a vast multitude stood waiting for them, ea-
ger to see what they brought back. The general
anchored close in, and perceived that the vice-
roy of the city was on the shore. He ordered the
skiff to push off to fetch him, and the yard to be
lowered for the purpose of hanging forthwith
the rais and the rest of the men taken on board
the vessel, about six-and-thirty in number, all
smart fellows and most of them Turkish mus-
keteers. He asked which was the rais of the
brigantine, and was answered in Spanish by
one of the prisoners (who afterwards proved to
be a Spanish renegade), "This young man, se-
nor that you see here is our rais," and he poin-
ted to one of the handsomest and most gallant-
looking youths that could be imagined. He did
not seem to be twenty years of age.
 "Tell me, dog," said the general, "what led
thee to kill my soldiers, when thou sawest it
was impossible for thee to escape? Is that the
way to behave to chief galleys? Knowest thou
not that rashness is not valour? Faint prospects
of success should make men bold, but not
rash."
The rais was about to reply, but the general
could not at that moment listen to him, as he
had to hasten to receive the viceroy, who was
now coming on board the galley, and with him
certain of his attendants and some of the peo-
ple.
"You have had a good chase, senor general,"
said the viceroy.
"Your excellency shall soon see how good,
by the game strung up to this yard," replied the
general.
"How so?" returned the viceroy.
"Because," said the general, "against all law,
reason, and usages of war they have killed on
my hands two of the best soldiers on board
these galleys, and I have sworn to hang every
man that I have taken, but above all this youth
who is the rais of the brigantine," and he poin-
ted to him as he stood with his hands already
bound and the rope round his neck, ready for
death.
The viceroy looked at him, and seeing him
so well-favoured, so graceful, and so submissi-
ve, he felt a desire to spare his life, the comeli-
ness of the youth furnishing him at once with a
letter of recommendation. He therefore ques-
tioned him, saying, "Tell me, rais, art thou
Turk, Moor, or renegade?"
To which the youth replied, also in Spanish,
"I am neither Turk, nor
Moor, nor renegade."
"What art thou, then?" said the viceroy.
"A Christian woman," replied the youth.
"A woman and a Christian, in such a dress
and in such circumstances! It is more marve-
llous than credible," said the viceroy.
 "Suspend the execution of the sentence," said
the youth; "your vengeance will not lose much
by waiting while I tell you the story of my life."
What heart could be so hard as not to be sof-
tened by these words, at any rate so far as to
listen to what the unhappy youth had to say?
The general bade him say what he pleased, but
not to expect pardon for his flagrant offence.
With this permission the youth began in these
words.
"Born of Morisco parents, I am of that na-
tion, more unhappy than wise, upon which of
late a sea of woes has poured down. In the
course of our misfortune I was carried to Bar-
bary by two uncles of mine, for it was in vain
that I declared I was a Christian, as in fact I am,
and not a mere pretended one, or outwardly,
but a true Catholic Christian. It availed me not-
hing with those charged with our sad expatria-
tion to protest this, nor would my uncles belie-
ve it; on the contrary, they treated it as an un-
truth and a subterfuge set up to enable me to
remain behind in the land of my birth; and so,
more by force than of my own will, they took
me with them. I had a Christian mother, and a
father who was a man of sound sense and a
Christian too; I imbibed the Catholic faith with
my mother's milk, I was well brought up, and
neither in word nor in deed did I, I think, show
any sign of being a Morisco. To accompany
these virtues, for such I hold them, my beauty,
if I possess any, grew with my growth; and
great as was the seclusion in which I lived it
was not so great but that a young gentleman,
Don Gaspar Gregorio by name, eldest son of a
gentleman who is lord of a village near ours,
contrived to find opportunities of seeing me.
How he saw me, how we met, how his heart
was lost to me, and mine not kept from him,
would take too long to tell, especially at a mo-
ment when I am in dread of the cruel cord that
threatens me interposing between tongue and
throat; I will only say, therefore, that Don Gre-
gorio chose to accompany me in our banish-
ment. He joined company with the Moriscoes
who were going forth from other villages, for
he knew their language very well, and on the
voyage he struck up a friendship with my two
uncles who were carrying me with them; for
my father, like a wise and far-sighted man, as
soon as he heard the first edict for our expul-
sion, quitted the village and departed in quest
of some refuge for us abroad. He left hidden
and buried, at a spot of which I alone have
knowledge, a large quantity of pearls and pre-
cious stones of great value, together with a sum
of money in gold cruzadoes and doubloons. He
charged me on no account to touch the treasu-
re, if by any chance they expelled us before his
return. I obeyed him, and with my uncles, as I
have said, and others of our kindred and
neighbours, passed over to Barbary, and the
place where we took up our abode was Algiers,
much the same as if we had taken it up in hell
itself. The king heard of my beauty, and report
told him of my wealth, which was in some de-
gree fortunate for me. He summoned me before
him, and asked me what part of Spain I came
from, and what money and jewels I had. I men-
tioned the place, and told him the jewels and
money were buried there; but that they might
easily be recovered if I myself went back for
them. All this I told him, in dread lest my beau-
ty and not his own covetousness should in-
fluence him. While he was engaged in conver-
sation with me, they brought him word that in
company with me was one of the handsomest
and most graceful youths that could be imagi-
ned. I knew at once that they were speaking of
Don Gaspar Gregorio, whose comeliness sur-
passes the most highly vaunted beauty. I was
troubled when I thought of the danger he was
in, for among those barbarous Turks a fair
youth is more esteemed than a woman, be she
ever so beautiful. The king immediately orde-
red him to be brought before him that he might
see him, and asked me if what they said about
the youth was true. I then, almost as if inspired
by heaven, told him it was, but that I would
have him to know it was not a man, but a wo-
man like myself, and I entreated him to allow
me to go and dress her in the attire proper to
her, so that her beauty might be seen to perfec-
tion, and that she might present herself before
him with less embarrassment. He bade me go
by all means, and said that the next day we
should discuss the plan to be adopted for my
return to Spain to carry away the hidden trea-
sure. I saw Don Gaspar, I told him the danger
he was in if he let it be seen he was a man, I
dressed him as a Moorish woman, and that
same afternoon I brought him before the king,
who was charmed when he saw him, and re-
solved to keep the damsel and make a present
of her to the Grand Signor; and to avoid the
risk she might run among the women of his
seraglio, and distrustful of himself, he com-
manded her to be placed in the house of some
Moorish ladies of rank who would protect and
attend to her; and thither he was taken at once.
What we both suffered (for I cannot deny that I
love him) may be left to the imagination of tho-
se who are separated if they love one another
dearly. The king then arranged that I should
return to Spain in this brigantine, and that two
Turks, those who killed your soldiers, should
accompany me. There also came with me this
Spanish renegade"—and here she pointed to
him who had first spoken—"whom I know to
be secretly a Christian, and to be more desirous
of being left in Spain than of returning to Bar-
bary. The rest of the crew of the brigantine are
Moors and Turks, who merely serve as rowers.
The two Turks, greedy and insolent, instead of
obeying the orders we had to land me and this
renegade in Christian dress (with which we
came provided) on the first Spanish ground we
came to, chose to run along the coast and make
some prize if they could, fearing that if they put
us ashore first, we might, in case of some acci-
dent befalling us, make it known that the bri-
gantine was at sea, and thus, if there happened
to be any galleys on the coast, they might be
taken. We sighted this shore last night, and
knowing nothing of these galleys, we were dis-
covered, and the result was what you have se-
en. To sum up, there is Don Gregorio in wo-
man's dress, among women, in imminent dan-
ger of his life; and here am I, with hands
bound, in expectation, or rather in dread, of
losing my life, of which I am already weary.
Here, sirs, ends my sad story, as true as it is
unhappy; all I ask of you is to allow me to die
like a Christian, for, as I have already said, I am
not to be charged with the offence of which
those of my nation are guilty;" and she stood
silent, her eyes filled with moving tears, ac-
companied by plenty from the bystanders. The
viceroy, touched with compassion, went up to
her without speaking and untied the cord that
bound the hands of the Moorish girl.
But all the while the Morisco Christian was
telling her strange story, an elderly pilgrim,
who had come on board of the galley at the
same time as the viceroy, kept his eyes fixed
upon her; and the instant she ceased speaking
he threw himself at her feet, and embracing
them said in a voice broken by sobs and sighs,
"O Ana Felix, my unhappy daughter, I am thy
father Ricote, come back to look for thee, una-
ble to live without thee, my soul that thou art!"
At these words of his, Sancho opened his
eyes and raised his head, which he had been
holding down, brooding over his unlucky ex-
cursion; and looking at the pilgrim he recogni-
sed in him that same Ricote he met the day he
quitted his government, and felt satisfied that
this was his daughter. She being now unbound
embraced her father, mingling her tears with
his, while he addressing the general and the
viceroy said, "This, sirs, is my daughter, more
unhappy in her adventures than in her name.
She is Ana Felix, surnamed Ricote, celebrated
as much for her own beauty as for my wealth. I
quitted my native land in search of some shel-
ter or refuge for us abroad, and having found
one in Germany I returned in this pilgrim's
dress, in the company of some other German
pilgrims, to seek my daughter and take up a
large quantity of treasure I had left buried. My
daughter I did not find, the treasure I found
and have with me; and now, in this strange
roundabout way you have seen, I find the trea-
sure that more than all makes me rich, my be-
loved daughter. If our innocence and her tears
and mine can with strict justice open the door
to clemency, extend it to us, for we never had
any intention of injuring you, nor do we sym-
pathise with the aims of our people, who have
been justly banished."
"I know Ricote well," said Sancho at this,
"and I know too that what he says about Ana
Felix being his daughter is true; but as to those
other particulars about going and coming, and
having good or bad intentions, I say nothing."
While all present stood amazed at this
strange occurrence the general said, "At any
rate your tears will not allow me to keep my
oath; live, fair Ana Felix, all the years that hea-
ven has allotted you; but these rash insolent
fellows must pay the penalty of the crime they
have committed;" and with that he gave orders
to have the two Turks who had killed his two
soldiers hanged at once at the yard-arm. The
viceroy, however, begged him earnestly not to
hang them, as their behaviour savoured rather
of madness than of bravado. The general yiel-
ded to the viceroy's request, for revenge is not
easily taken in cold blood. They then tried to
devise some scheme for rescuing Don Gaspar
Gregorio from the danger in which he had been
left. Ricote offered for that object more than
two thousand ducats that he had in pearls and
gems; they proposed several plans, but none so
good as that suggested by the renegade already
mentioned, who offered to return to Algiers in
a small vessel of about six banks, manned by
Christian rowers, as he knew where, how, and
when he could and should land, nor was he
ignorant of the house in which Don Gaspar was
staying. The general and the viceroy had some
hesitation about placing confidence in the rene-
gade and entrusting him with the Christians
who were to row, but Ana Felix said she could
answer for him, and her father offered to go
and pay the ransom of the Christians if by any
chance they should not be forthcoming. This,
then, being agreed upon, the viceroy landed,
and Don Antonio Moreno took the fair Morisco
and her father home with him, the viceroy
charging him to give them the best reception
and welcome in his power, while on his own
part he offered all that house contained for
their entertainment; so great was the good-will
and kindliness the beauty of Ana Felix had in-
fused into his heart.
 CHAPTER LXIV.

TREATING OF THE ADVENTURE

WHICH GAVE DON QUIXOTE MORE
UNHAPPINESS THAN ALL THAT
HAD HITHERTO BEFALLEN HIM

The wife of Don Antonio Moreno, so the his-

tory says, was extremely happy to see Ana Fe-
lix in her house. She welcomed her with great
kindness, charmed as well by her beauty as by
her intelligence; for in both respects the fair
Morisco was richly endowed, and all the peo-
ple of the city flocked to see her as though they
had been summoned by the ringing of the bells.
Don Quixote told Don Antonio that the plan
adopted for releasing Don Gregorio was not a
good one, for its risks were greater than its ad-
vantages, and that it would be better to land
himself with his arms and horse in Barbary; for
he would carry him off in spite of the whole
Moorish host, as Don Gaiferos carried off his
wife Melisendra.
"Remember, your worship," observed San-
cho on hearing him say so, "Senor
Don Gaiferos carried off his wife from the
mainland, and took her to
France by land; but in this case, if by chance we
carry off Don Gregorio,
we have no way of bringing him to Spain, for
there's the sea between."
"There's a remedy for everything except de-
ath," said Don Quixote; "if they bring the vessel
close to the shore we shall be able to get on bo-
ard though all the world strive to prevent us."
"Your worship hits it off mighty well and
mighty easy," said Sancho; "but 'it's a long step
from saying to doing;' and I hold to the renega-
de, for he seems to me an honest good-hearted
fellow."
 Don Antonio then said that if the renegade
did not prove successful, the expedient of the
great Don Quixote's expedition to Barbary
should be adopted. Two days afterwards the
renegade put to sea in a light vessel of six oars
a-side manned by a stout crew, and two days
later the galleys made sail eastward, the gene-
ral having begged the viceroy to let him know
all about the release of Don Gregorio and about
Ana Felix, and the viceroy promised to do as he
requested.
One morning as Don Quixote went out for a
stroll along the beach, arrayed in full armour
(for, as he often said, that was "his only gear,
his only rest the fray," and he never was wit-
hout it for a moment), he saw coming towards
him a knight, also in full armour, with a shi-
ning moon painted on his shield, who, on ap-
proaching sufficiently near to be heard, said in
a loud voice, addressing himself to Don Quixo-
te, "Illustrious knight, and never sufficiently
extolled Don Quixote of La Mancha, I am the
Knight of the White Moon, whose unheard-of
achievements will perhaps have recalled him to
thy memory. I come to do battle with thee and
prove the might of thy arm, to the end that I
make thee acknowledge and confess that my
lady, let her be who she may, is incomparably
fairer than thy Dulcinea del Toboso. If thou
dost acknowledge this fairly and openly, thou
shalt escape death and save me the trouble of
inflicting it upon thee; if thou fightest and I
vanquish thee, I demand no other satisfaction
than that, laying aside arms and abstaining
from going in quest of adventures, thou with-
draw and betake thyself to thine own village
for the space of a year, and live there without
putting hand to sword, in peace and quiet and
beneficial repose, the same being needful for
the increase of thy substance and the salvation
of thy soul; and if thou dost vanquish me, my
head shall be at thy disposal, my arms and hor-
se thy spoils, and the renown of my deeds
transferred and added to thine. Consider which
will be thy best course, and give me thy answer
speedily, for this day is all the time I have for
the despatch of this business."
Don Quixote was amazed and astonished, as
well at the Knight of the White Moon's arro-
gance, as at his reason for delivering the de-
fiance, and with calm dignity he answered him,
"Knight of the White Moon, of whose achieve-
ments I have never heard until now, I will ven-
ture to swear you have never seen the illus-
trious Dulcinea; for had you seen her I know
you would have taken care not to venture
yourself upon this issue, because the sight
would have removed all doubt from your mind
that there ever has been or can be a beauty to be
compared with hers; and so, not saying you lie,
but merely that you are not correct in what you
state, I accept your challenge, with the condi-
tions you have proposed, and at once, that the
day you have fixed may not expire; and from
your conditions I except only that of the re-
nown of your achievements being transferred
to me, for I know not of what sort they are nor
what they may amount to; I am satisfied with
my own, such as they be. Take, therefore, the
side of the field you choose, and I will do the
same; and to whom God shall give it may Saint
Peter add his blessing."
The Knight of the White Moon had been se-
en from the city, and it was told the viceroy
how he was in conversation with Don Quixote.
The viceroy, fancying it must be some fresh
adventure got up by Don Antonio Moreno or
some other gentleman of the city, hurried out at
once to the beach accompanied by Don Antonio
and several other gentlemen, just as Don
Quixote was wheeling Rocinante round in or-
der to take up the necessary distance. The vice-
roy upon this, seeing that the pair of them were
evidently preparing to come to the charge, put
himself between them, asking them what it was
that led them to engage in combat all of a sud-
den in this way. The Knight of the White Moon
replied that it was a question of precedence of
beauty; and briefly told him what he had said
to Don Quixote, and how the conditions of the
defiance agreed upon on both sides had been
accepted. The viceroy went over to Don Anto-
nio, and asked in a low voice did he know who
the Knight of the White Moon was, or was it
some joke they were playing on Don Quixote.
Don Antonio replied that he neither knew who
he was nor whether the defiance was in joke or
in earnest. This answer left the viceroy in a sta-
te of perplexity, not knowing whether he ought
to let the combat go on or not; but unable to
persuade himself that it was anything but a
joke he fell back, saying, "If there be no other
way out of it, gallant knights, except to confess
or die, and Don Quixote is inflexible, and your
worship of the White Moon still more so, in
God's hand be it, and fall on."
He of the White Moon thanked the viceroy
in courteous and well-chosen words for the
permission he gave them, and so did Don
Quixote, who then, commending himself with
all his heart to heaven and to his Dulcinea, as
was his custom on the eve of any combat that
awaited him, proceeded to take a little more
distance, as he saw his antagonist was doing
the same; then, without blast of trumpet or ot-
her warlike instrument to give them the signal
to charge, both at the same instant wheeled
their horses; and he of the White Moon, being
the swifter, met Don Quixote after having tra-
versed two-thirds of the course, and there en-
countered him with such violence that, without
touching him with his lance (for he held it high,
to all appearance purposely), he hurled Don
Quixote and Rocinante to the earth, a perilous
fall. He sprang upon him at once, and placing
the lance over his visor said to him, "You are
vanquished, sir knight, nay dead unless you
admit the conditions of our defiance."
Don Quixote, bruised and stupefied, wit-
hout raising his visor said in a weak feeble voi-
ce as if he were speaking out of a tomb, "Dulci-
nea del Toboso is the fairest woman in the
world, and I the most unfortunate knight on
earth; it is not fitting that this truth should suf-
fer by my feebleness; drive your lance home, sir
knight, and take my life, since you have taken
away my honour."
"That will I not, in sooth," said he of the
White Moon; "live the fame of the lady Dulci-
nea's beauty undimmed as ever; all I require is
that the great Don Quixote retire to his own
home for a year, or for so long a time as shall
by me be enjoined upon him, as we agreed be-
fore engaging in this combat."
The viceroy, Don Antonio, and several ot-
hers who were present heard all this, and heard
too how Don Quixote replied that so long as
nothing in prejudice of Dulcinea was deman-
ded of him, he would observe all the rest like a
true and loyal knight. The engagement given,
he of the White Moon wheeled about, and ma-
king obeisance to the viceroy with a movement
of the head, rode away into the city at a half
gallop. The viceroy bade Don Antonio hasten
after him, and by some means or other find out
who he was. They raised Don Quixote up and
uncovered his face, and found him pale and
bathed with sweat.
Rocinante from the mere hard measure he
had received lay unable to stir for the present.
Sancho, wholly dejected and woebegone, knew
not what to say or do. He fancied that all was a
dream, that the whole business was a piece of
enchantment. Here was his master defeated,
and bound not to take up arms for a year. He
saw the light of the glory of his achievements
obscured; the hopes of the promises lately ma-
de him swept away like smoke before the wind;
Rocinante, he feared, was crippled for life, and
his master's bones out of joint; for if he were
only shaken out of his madness it would be no
small luck. In the end they carried him into the
city in a hand-chair which the viceroy sent for,
and thither the viceroy himself returned, cager
to ascertain who this Knight of the White Moon
was who had left Don Quixote in such a sad
plight.

CHAPTER LXV.

WHEREIN IS MADE KNOWN WHO

THE KNIGHT OF THE WHITE MOON
WAS; LIKEWISE DON GREGORIO'S
RELEASE, AND OTHER EVENTS

Don Antonia Moreno followed the Knight of

the White Moon, and a number of boys follo-
wed him too, nay pursued him, until they had
him fairly housed in a hostel in the heart of the
city. Don Antonio, eager to make his acquain-
tance, entered also; a squire came out to meet
him and remove his armour, and he shut him-
self into a lower room, still attended by Don
Antonio, whose bread would not bake until he
had found out who he was. He of the White
Moon, seeing then that the gentleman would
not leave him, said, "I know very well, senor,
what you have come for; it is to find out who I
am; and as there is no reason why I should con-
ceal it from you, while my servant here is ta-
king off my armour I will tell you the true state
of the case, without leaving out anything. You
must know, senor, that I am called the bachelor
Samson Carrasco. I am of the same village as
Don Quixote of La Mancha, whose craze and
folly make all of us who know him feel pity for
him, and I am one of those who have felt it
most; and persuaded that his chance of recove-
ry lay in quiet and keeping at home and in his
own house, I hit upon a device for keeping him
there. Three months ago, therefore, I went out
to meet him as a knight-errant, under the as-
sumed name of the Knight of the Mirrors, in-
tending to engage him in combat and overcome
him without hurting him, making it the condi-
tion of our combat that the vanquished should
be at the disposal of the victor. What I meant to
demand of him (for I regarded him as vanquis-
hed already) was that he should return to his
own village, and not leave it for a whole year,
by which time he might be cured. But fate or-
dered it otherwise, for he vanquished me and
unhorsed me, and so my plan failed. He went
his way, and I came back conquered, covered
with shame, and sorely bruised by my fall,
which was a particularly dangerous one. But
this did not quench my desire to meet him
again and overcome him, as you have seen to-
day. And as he is so scrupulous in his obser-
vance of the laws of knight-errantry, he will, no
doubt, in order to keep his word, obey the in-
junction I have laid upon him. This, senor, is
how the matter stands, and I have nothing mo-
re to tell you. I implore of you not to betray me,
or tell Don Quixote who I am; so that my
honest endeavours may be successful, and that
a man of excellent wits—were he only rid of the
fooleries of chivalry—may get them back
again."
"O senor," said Don Antonio, "may God for-
give you the wrong you have done the whole
world in trying to bring the most amusing
madman in it back to his senses. Do you not
see, senor, that the gain by Don Quixote's sani-
ty can never equal the enjoyment his crazes
give? But my belief is that all the senor bache-
lor's pains will be of no avail to bring a man so
hopelessly cracked to his senses again; and if it
were not uncharitable, I would say may Don
Quixote never be cured, for by his recovery we
lose not only his own drolleries, but his squire
Sancho Panza's too, any one of which is enough
to turn melancholy itself into merriment.
However, I'll hold my peace and say nothing to
him, and we'll see whether I am right in my
suspicion that Senor Carrasco's efforts will be
fruitless."
 The bachelor replied that at all events the af-
fair promised well, and he hoped for a happy
result from it; and putting his services at Don
Antonio's commands he took his leave of him;
and having had his armour packed at once
upon a mule, he rode away from the city the
same day on the horse he rode to battle, and
returned to his own country without meeting
any adventure calling for record in this vera-
cious history.
Don Antonio reported to the viceroy what
Carrasco told him, and the viceroy was not
very well pleased to hear it, for with Don
Quixote's retirement there was an end to the
amusement of all who knew anything of his
mad doings.
Six days did Don Quixote keep his bed, de-
jected, melancholy, moody and out of sorts,
brooding over the unhappy event of his defeat.
Sancho strove to comfort him, and among other
things he said to him, "Hold up your head, se-
nor, and be of good cheer if you can, and give
thanks to heaven that if you have had a tumble
to the ground you have not come off with a
broken rib; and, as you know that 'where they
give they take,' and that 'there are not always
fletches where there are pegs,' a fig for the doc-
tor, for there's no need of him to cure this ail-
ment. Let us go home, and give over going
about in search of adventures in strange lands
and places; rightly looked at, it is I that am the
greater loser, though it is your worship that has
had the worse usage. With the government I
gave up all wish to be a governor again, but I
did not give up all longing to be a count; and
that will never come to pass if your worship
gives up becoming a king by renouncing the
calling of chivalry; and so my hopes are going
to turn into smoke."
"Peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "thou se-
est my suspension and retirement is not to ex-
ceed a year; I shall soon return to my honoured
calling, and I shall not be at a loss for a king-
dom to win and a county to bestow on thee."
 "May God hear it and sin be deaf," said San-
cho; "I have always heard say that 'a good hope
is better than a bad holding."
As they were talking Don Antonio came in
looking extremely pleased and exclaiming,
"Reward me for my good news, Senor Don
Quixote! Don Gregorio and the renegade who
went for him have come ashore—ashore do I
say? They are by this time in the viceroy's hou-
se, and will be here immediately."
Don Quixote cheered up a little and said, "Of
a truth I am almost ready to say I should have
been glad had it turned out just the other way,
for it would have obliged me to cross over to
Barbary, where by the might of my arm I
should have restored to liberty, not only Don
Gregorio, but all the Christian captives there
are in Barbary. But what am I saying, miserable
being that I am? Am I not he that has been con-
quered? Am I not he that has been overthrown?
Am I not he who must not take up arms for a
year? Then what am I making professions for;
what am I bragging about; when it is fitter for
me to handle the distaff than the sword?"
"No more of that, senor," said Sancho; "'let
the hen live, even though it be with her pip;
'today for thee and to-morrow for me;' in these
affairs of encounters and whacks one must not
mind them, for he that falls to-day may get up
to-morrow; unless indeed he chooses to lie in
bed, I mean gives way to weakness and does
not pluck up fresh spirit for fresh battles; let
your worship get up now to receive Don Gre-
gorio; for the household seems to be in a bustle,
and no doubt he has come by this time;" and so
it proved, for as soon as Don Gregorio and the
renegade had given the viceroy an account of
the voyage out and home, Don Gregorio, eager
to see Ana Felix, came with the renegade to
Don Antonio's house. When they carried him
away from Algiers he was in woman's dress; on
board the vessel, however, he exchanged it for
that of a captive who escaped with him; but in
whatever dress he might be he looked like one
to be loved and served and esteemed, for he
was surpassingly well-favoured, and to judge
by appearances some seventeen or eighteen
years of age. Ricote and his daughter came out
to welcome him, the father with tears, the
daughter with bashfulness. They did not em-
brace each other, for where there is deep love
there will never be overmuch boldness. Seen
side by side, the comeliness of Don Gregorio
and the beauty of Ana Felix were the admira-
tion of all who were present. It was silence that
spoke for the lovers at that moment, and their
eyes were the tongues that declared their pure
and happy feelings. The renegade explained
the measures and means he had adopted to
rescue Don Gregorio, and Don Gregorio at no
great length, but in a few words, in which he
showed that his intelligence was in advance of
his years, described the peril and embarrass-
ment he found himself in among the women
with whom he had sojourned. To conclude,
Ricote liberally recompensed and rewarded as
well the renegade as the men who had rowed;
and the renegade effected his readmission into
the body of the Church and was reconciled
with it, and from a rotten limb became by pe-
nance and repentance a clean and sound one.
Two days later the viceroy discussed with
Don Antonio the steps they should take to ena-
ble Ana Felix and her father to stay in Spain, for
it seemed to them there could be no objection to
a daughter who was so good a Christian and a
father to all appearance so well disposed re-
maining there. Don Antonio offered to arrange
the matter at the capital, whither he was com-
pelled to go on some other business, hinting
that many a difficult affair was settled there
with the help of favour and bribes.
"Nay," said Ricote, who was present during
the conversation, "it will not do to rely upon
favour or bribes, because with the great Don
Bernardino de Velasco, Conde de Salazar, to
whom his Majesty has entrusted our expulsion,
neither entreaties nor promises, bribes nor ap-
peals to compassion, are of any use; for though
it is true he mingles mercy with justice, still,
seeing that the whole body of our nation is tain-
ted and corrupt, he applies to it the cautery that
burns rather than the salve that soothes; and
thus, by prudence, sagacity, care and the fear
he inspires, he has borne on his mighty shoul-
ders the weight of this great policy and carried
it into effect, all our schemes and plots, impor-
tunities and wiles, being ineffectual to blind his
Argus eyes, ever on the watch lest one of us
should remain behind in concealment, and like
a hidden root come in course of time to sprout
and bear poisonous fruit in Spain, now clean-
sed, and relieved of the fear in which our vast
numbers kept it. Heroic resolve of the great
Philip the Third, and unparalleled wisdom to
have entrusted it to the said Don Bernardino de
Velasco!"
"At any rate," said Don Antonio, "when I am
there I will make all possible efforts, and let
heaven do as pleases it best; Don Gregorio will
come with me to relieve the anxiety which his
parents must be suffering on account of his
absence; Ana Felix will remain in my house
with my wife, or in a monastery; and I know
the viceroy will be glad that the worthy Ricote
should stay with him until we see what terms I
can make."
The viceroy agreed to all that was proposed;
but Don Gregorio on learning what had passed
declared he could not and would not on any
account leave Ana Felix; however, as it was his
purpose to go and see his parents and devise
some way of returning for her, he fell in with
the proposed arrangement. Ana Felix remained
with Don Antonio's wife, and Ricote in the vi-
ceroy's house.
The day for Don Antonio's departure came;
and two days later that for Don Quixote's and
Sancho's, for Don Quixote's fall did not suffer
him to take the road sooner. There were tears
and sighs, swoonings and sobs, at the parting
between Don Gregorio and Ana Felix. Ricote
offered Don Gregorio a thousand crowns if he
would have them, but he would not take any
save five which Don Antonio lent him and he
promised to repay at the capital. So the two of
them took their departure, and Don Quixote
and Sancho afterwards, as has been already
said, Don Quixote without his armour and in
travelling gear, and Sancho on foot, Dapple
being loaded with the armour.

CHAPTER LXVI.

WHICH TREATS OF WHAT HE

WHO READS WILL SEE, OR WHAT
HE WHO HAS IT READ TO HIM WILL
HEAR
 As he left Barcelona, Don Quixote turned
gaze upon the spot where he had fallen. "Here
Troy was," said he; "here my ill-luck, not my
cowardice, robbed me of all the glory I had
won; here Fortune made me the victim of her
caprices; here the lustre of my achievements
was dimmed; here, in a word, fell my happi-
ness never to rise again."
"Senor," said Sancho on hearing this, "it is
the part of brave hearts to be patient in adversi-
ty just as much as to be glad in prosperity; I
judge by myself, for, if when I was a governor I
was glad, now that I am a squire and on foot I
am not sad; and I have heard say that she
whom commonly they call Fortune is a drun-
ken whimsical jade, and, what is more, blind,
and therefore neither sees what she does, nor
knows whom she casts down or whom she sets
up."
"Thou art a great philosopher, Sancho," said
Don Quixote; "thou speakest very sensibly; I
know not who taught thee. But I can tell thee
there is no such thing as Fortune in the world,
nor does anything which takes place there, be it
good or bad, come about by chance, but by the
special preordination of heaven; and hence the
common saying that 'each of us is the maker of
his own Fortune.' I have been that of mine; but
not with the proper amount of prudence, and
my self-confidence has therefore made me pay
dearly; for I ought to have reflected that Roci-
nante's feeble strength could not resist the
mighty bulk of the Knight of the White Moon's
horse. In a word, I ventured it, I did my best, I
was overthrown, but though I lost my honour I
did not lose nor can I lose the virtue of keeping
my word. When I was a knight-errant, daring
and valiant, I supported my achievements by
hand and deed, and now that I am a humble
squire I will support my words by keeping the
promise I have given. Forward then, Sancho
my friend, let us go to keep the year of the no-
vitiate in our own country, and in that seclu-
sion we shall pick up fresh strength to return to
the by me never-forgotten calling of arms."
"Senor," returned Sancho, "travelling on foot
is not such a pleasant thing that it makes me
feel disposed or tempted to make long marches.
Let us leave this armour hung up on some tree,
instead of some one that has been hanged; and
then with me on Dapple's back and my feet off
the ground we will arrange the stages as your
worship pleases to measure them out; but to
suppose that I am going to travel on foot, and
make long ones, is to suppose nonsense."
"Thou sayest well, Sancho," said Don Quixo-
te; "let my armour be hung up for a trophy, and
under it or round it we will carve on the trees
what was inscribed on the trophy of Roland's
armour—
These let none move
Who dareth not his might with Roland prove."
"That's the very thing," said Sancho; "and if
it was not that we should feel the want of Roci-
nante on the road, it would be as well to leave
him hung up too."
"And yet, I had rather not have either him or
the armour hung up," said
Don Quixote, "that it may not be said, 'for good
service a bad return.'"
"Your worship is right," said Sancho; "for, as
sensible people hold, 'the fault of the ass must
not be laid on the pack-saddle;' and, as in this
affair the fault is your worship's, punish your-
self and don't let your anger break out against
the already battered and bloody armour, or the
meekness of Rocinante, or the tenderness of my
feet, trying to make them travel more than is
reasonable."
In converse of this sort the whole of that day
went by, as did the four succeeding ones, wit-
hout anything occurring to interrupt their jour-
ney, but on the fifth as they entered a village
they found a great number of people at the do-
or of an inn enjoying themselves, as it was a
holiday. Upon Don Quixote's approach a pea-
sant called out, "One of these two gentlemen
who come here, and who don't know the par-
ties, will tell us what we ought to do about our
wager."
"That I will, certainly," said Don Quixote,
"and according to the rights of the case, if I can
manage to understand it."
"Well, here it is, worthy sir," said the pea-
sant; "a man of this village who is so fat that he
weighs twenty stone challenged another, a
neighbour of his, who does not weigh more
than nine, to run a race. The agreement was
that they were to run a distance of a hundred
paces with equal weights; and when the cha-
llenger was asked how the weights were to be
equalised he said that the other, as he weighed
nine stone, should put eleven in iron on his
back, and that in this way the twenty stone of
the thin man would equal the twenty stone of
the fat one."
"Not at all," exclaimed Sancho at once, befo-
re Don Quixote could answer; "it's for me, that
only a few days ago left off being a governor
and a judge, as all the world knows, to settle
these doubtful questions and give an opinion in
disputes of all sorts."
"Answer in God's name, Sancho my friend,"
said Don Quixote, "for I am not fit to give
crumbs to a cat, my wits are so confused and
upset."
With this permission Sancho said to the pea-
sants who stood clustered round him, waiting
with open mouths for the decision to come
from his, "Brothers, what the fat man requires is
not in reason, nor has it a shadow of justice in
it; because, if it be true, as they say, that the
challenged may choose the weapons, the other
has no right to choose such as will prevent and
keep him from winning. My decision, therefore,
is that the fat challenger prune, peel, thin, trim
and correct himself, and take eleven stone of
his flesh off his body, here or there, as he plea-
ses, and as suits him best; and being in this way
reduced to nine stone weight, he will make
himself equal and even with nine stone of his
opponent, and they will be able to run on equal
terms."
"By all that's good," said one of the peasants
as he heard Sancho's decision, "but the gentle-
man has spoken like a saint, and given judg-
ment like a canon! But I'll be bound the fat man
won't part with an ounce of his flesh, not to say
eleven stone."
"The best plan will be for them not to run,"
said another, "so that neither the thin man bre-
ak down under the weight, nor the fat one strip
himself of his flesh; let half the wager be spent
in wine, and let's take these gentlemen to the
tavern where there's the best, and 'over me be
the cloak when it rains."
"I thank you, sirs," said Don Quixote; "but I
cannot stop for an instant, for sad thoughts and
unhappy circumstances force me to seem dis-
courteous and to travel apace;" and spurring
Rocinante he pushed on, leaving them wonde-
ring at what they had seen and heard, at his
own strange figure and at the shrewdness of
his servant, for such they took Sancho to be;
and another of them observed, "If the servant is
so clever, what must the master be? I'll bet, if
they are going to Salamanca to study, they'll
come to be alcaldes of the Court in a trice; for
it's a mere joke—only to read and read, and
have interest and good luck; and before a man
knows where he is he finds himself with a staff
in his hand or a mitre on his head."
That night master and man passed out in the
fields in the open air, and the next day as they
were pursuing their journey they saw coming
towards them a man on foot with alforjas at the
neck and a javelin or spiked staff in his hand,
the very cut of a foot courier; who, as soon as
he came close to Don Quixote, increased his
pace and half running came up to him, and
embracing his right thigh, for he could reach no
higher, exclaimed with evident pleasure, "O
Senor Don Quixote of La Mancha, what happi-
ness it will be to the heart of my lord the duke
when he knows your worship is coming back
to his castle, for he is still there with my lady
the duchess!"
"I do not recognise you, friend," said Don
Quixote, "nor do I know who you are, unless
you tell me."
"I am Tosilos, my lord the duke's lacquey,
Senor Don Quixote," replied the courier; "he
who refused to fight your worship about marr-
ying the daughter of Dona Rodriguez."
"God bless me!" exclaimed Don Quixote; "is
it possible that you are the one whom mine
enemies the enchanters changed into the lac-
quey you speak of in order to rob me of the
honour of that battle?"
"Nonsense, good sir!" said the messenger;
"there was no enchantment or transformation at
all; I entered the lists just as much lacquey Tosi-
los as I came out of them lacquey Tosilos. I
thought to marry without fighting, for the girl
had taken my fancy; but my scheme had a very
different result, for as soon as your worship
had left the castle my lord the duke had a hun-
dred strokes of the stick given me for having
acted contrary to the orders he gave me before
engaging in the combat; and the end of the
whole affair is that the girl has become a nun,
and Dona Rodriguez has gone back to Castile,
and I am now on my way to Barcelona with a
packet of letters for the viceroy which my mas-
ter is sending him. If your worship would like a
drop, sound though warm, I have a gourd here
full of the best, and some scraps of Tronchon
cheese that will serve as a provocative and wa-
kener of your thirst if so be it is asleep."
"I take the offer," said Sancho; "no more
compliments about it; pour out, good Tosilos,
in spite of all the enchanters in the Indies."
"Thou art indeed the greatest glutton in the
world, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and the
greatest booby on earth, not to be able to see
that this courier is enchanted and this Tosilos a
sham one; stop with him and take thy fill; I will
go on slowly and wait for thee to come up with
me."
The lacquey laughed, unsheathed his gourd,
unwalletted his scraps, and taking out a small
loaf of bread he and Sancho seated themselves
on the green grass, and in peace and good fe-
llowship finished off the contents of the alforjas
down to the bottom, so resolutely that they
licked the wrapper of the letters, merely becau-
se it smelt of cheese.
Said Tosilos to Sancho, "Beyond a doubt,
Sancho my friend, this master of thine ought to
be a madman."
"Ought!" said Sancho; "he owes no man
anything; he pays for everything, particularly
when the coin is madness. I see it plain enough,
and I tell him so plain enough; but what's the
use? especially now that it is all over with him,
for here he is beaten by the Knight of the White
Moon."
Tosilos begged him to explain what had
happened him, but Sancho replied that it
would not be good manners to leave his master
waiting for him; and that some other day if
they met there would be time enough for that;
and then getting up, after shaking his doublet
and brushing the crumbs out of his beard, he
drove Dapple on before him, and bidding adieu
to Tosilos left him and rejoined his master, who
was waiting for him under the shade of a tree.

CHAPTER LXVII.

OF THE RESOLUTION DON

QUIXOTE FORMED TO TURN
SHEPHERD AND TAKE TO A LIFE IN
THE FIELDS WHILE THE YEAR FOR
WHICH HE HAD GIVEN HIS WORD
WAS RUNNING ITS COURSE; WITH
OTHER EVENTS TRULY DELECTA-
BLE AND HAPPY

If a multitude of reflections used to harass

Don Quixote before he had been overthrown, a
great many more harassed him since his fall.
He was under the shade of a tree, as has been
said, and there, like flies on honey, thoughts
came crowding upon him and stinging him.
Some of them turned upon the disenchantment
of Dulcinea, others upon the life he was about
to lead in his enforced retirement. Sancho came
up and spoke in high praise of the generous
disposition of the lacquey Tosilos.
"Is it possible, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"that thou dost still think that he yonder is a
real lacquey? Apparently it has escaped thy
memory that thou hast seen Dulcinea turned
and transformed into a peasant wench, and the
Knight of the Mirrors into the bachelor Carras-
co; all the work of the enchanters that persecute
me. But tell me now, didst thou ask this Tosilos,
as thou callest him, what has become of Altisi-
dora, did she weep over my absence, or has she
already consigned to oblivion the love thoughts
that used to afflict her when I was present?"
"The thoughts that I had," said Sancho, "we-
re not such as to leave time for asking fool's
questions. Body o' me, senor! is your worship
in a condition now to inquire into other peo-
ple's thoughts, above all love thoughts?"
"Look ye, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "there
is a great difference between what is done out
of love and what is done out of gratitude. A
knight may very possibly be proof against love;
but it is impossible, strictly speaking, for him to
be ungrateful. Altisidora, to all appearance,
loved me truly; she gave me the three kerchiefs
thou knowest of; she wept at my departure, she
cursed me, she abused me, casting shame to the
winds she bewailed herself in public; all signs
that she adored me; for the wrath of lovers al-
ways ends in curses. I had no hopes to give her,
nor treasures to offer her, for mine are given to
Dulcinea, and the treasures of knights-errant
are like those of the fairies,' illusory and decep-
tive; all I can give her is the place in my memo-
ry I keep for her, without prejudice, however,
to that which I hold devoted to Dulcinea,
whom thou art wronging by thy remissness in
whipping thyself and scourging that flesh—
would that I saw it eaten by wolves—which
would rather keep itself for the worms than for
the relief of that poor lady."
"Senor," replied Sancho, "if the truth is to be
told, I cannot persuade myself that the whip-
ping of my backside has anything to do with
the disenchantment of the enchanted; it is like
saying, 'If your head aches rub ointment on
your knees;' at any rate I'll make bold to swear
that in all the histories dealing with knight-
errantry that your worship has read you have
never come across anybody disenchanted by
whipping; but whether or no I'll whip myself
when I have a fancy for it, and the opportunity
serves for scourging myself comfortably."
"God grant it," said Don Quixote; "and hea-
ven give thee grace to take it to heart and own
the obligation thou art under to help my lady,
who is thine also, inasmuch as thou art mine."
As they pursued their journey talking in this
way they came to the very same spot where
they had been trampled on by the bulls. Don
Quixote recognised it, and said he to Sancho,
"This is the meadow where we came upon tho-
se gay shepherdesses and gallant shepherds
who were trying to revive and imitate the pas-
toral Arcadia there, an idea as novel as it was
happy, in emulation whereof, if so be thou dost
approve of it, Sancho, I would have ourselves
turn shepherds, at any rate for the time I have
to live in retirement. I will buy some ewes and
everything else requisite for the pastoral ca-
lling; and, I under the name of the shepherd
Quixotize and thou as the shepherd Panzino,
we will roam the woods and groves and mea-
dows singing songs here, lamenting in elegies
there, drinking of the crystal waters of the
springs or limpid brooks or flowing rivers. The
oaks will yield us their sweet fruit with bounti-
ful hand, the trunks of the hard cork trees a
seat, the willows shade, the roses perfume, the
widespread meadows carpets tinted with a
thousand dyes; the clear pure air will give us
breath, the moon and stars lighten the darkness
of the night for us, song shall be our delight,
lamenting our joy, Apollo will supply us with
verses, and love with conceits whereby we
shall make ourselves famed for ever, not only
in this but in ages to come."
"Egad," said Sancho, "but that sort of life
squares, nay corners, with my notions; and
what is more the bachelor Samson Carrasco
and Master Nicholas the barber won't have
well seen it before they'll want to follow it and
turn shepherds along with us; and God grant it
may not come into the curate's head to join the
sheepfold too, he's so jovial and fond of enjo-
ying himself."
"Thou art in the right of it, Sancho," said Don
Quixote; "and the bachelor Samson Carrasco, if
he enters the pastoral fraternity, as no doubt he
will, may call himself the shepherd Samsonino,
or perhaps the shepherd Carrascon; Nicholas
the barber may call himself Niculoso, as old
Boscan formerly was called Nemoroso; as for
the curate I don't know what name we can fit to
him unless it be something derived from his
title, and we call him the shepherd Curiambro.
For the shepherdesses whose lovers we shall
be, we can pick names as we would pears; and
as my lady's name does just as well for a shep-
herdess's as for a princess's, I need not trouble
myself to look for one that will suit her better;
to thine, Sancho, thou canst give what name
thou wilt."
"I don't mean to give her any but Teresona,"
said Sancho, "which will go well with her
stoutness and with her own right name, as she
is called Teresa; and then when I sing her prai-
ses in my verses I'll show how chaste my pas-
sion is, for I'm not going to look 'for better bre-
ad than ever came from wheat' in other men's
houses. It won't do for the curate to have a
shepherdess, for the sake of good example; and
if the bachelor chooses to have one, that is his
look-out."
"God bless me, Sancho my friend!" said Don
Quixote, "what a life we shall lead! What haut-
boys and Zamora bagpipes we shall hear, what
tabors, timbrels, and rebecks! And then if
among all these different sorts of music that of
the albogues is heard, almost all the pastoral
instruments will be there."
"What are albogues?" asked Sancho, "for I
never in my life heard tell of them or saw
them."
"Albogues," said Don Quixote, "are brass
plates like candlesticks that struck against one
another on the hollow side make a noise which,
if not very pleasing or harmonious, is not disa-
greeable and accords very well with the rude
notes of the bagpipe and tabor. The word albo-
gue is Morisco, as are all those in our Spanish
tongue that begin with al; for example, almo-
haza, almorzar, alhombra, alguacil, alhucema,
almacen, alcancia, and others of the same sort,
of which there are not many more; our langua-
ge has only three that are Morisco and end in i,
which are borcegui, zaquizami, and maravedi.
Alheli and alfaqui are seen to be Arabic, as well
by the al at the beginning as by the they end
with. I mention this incidentally, the chance
allusion to albogues having reminded me of it;
and it will be of great assistance to us in the
perfect practice of this calling that I am somet-
hing of a poet, as thou knowest, and that besi-
des the bachelor Samson Carrasco is an accom-
plished one. Of the curate I say nothing; but I
will wager he has some spice of the poet in
him, and no doubt Master Nicholas too, for all
barbers, or most of them, are guitar players and
stringers of verses. I will bewail my separation;
thou shalt glorify thyself as a constant lover;
the shepherd Carrascon will figure as a rejected
one, and the curate Curiambro as whatever
may please him best; and so all will go as gaily
as heart could wish."
To this Sancho made answer, "I am so un-
lucky, senor, that I'm afraid the day will never
come when I'll see myself at such a calling. O
what neat spoons I'll make when I'm a shep-
herd! What messes, creams, garlands, pastoral
odds and ends! And if they don't get me a na-
me for wisdom, they'll not fail to get me one for
ingenuity. My daughter Sanchica will bring us
our dinner to the pasture. But stay-she's good-
looking, and shepherds there are with more
mischief than simplicity in them; I would not
have her 'come for wool and go back shorn;'
love-making and lawless desires are just as
common in the fields as in the cities, and in
shepherds' shanties as in royal palaces; 'do
away with the cause, you do away with the
sin;' 'if eyes don't see hearts don't break' and
'better a clear escape than good men's prayers.'"
"A truce to thy proverbs, Sancho," exclaimed
Don Quixote; "any one of those thou hast utte-
red would suffice to explain thy meaning; ma-
ny a time have I recommended thee not to be so
lavish with proverbs and to exercise some mo-
deration in delivering them; but it seems to me
it is only 'preaching in the desert;' 'my mother
beats me and I go on with my tricks."
"It seems to me," said Sancho, "that your
worship is like the common saying, 'Said the
frying-pan to the kettle, Get away, blackbreech.'
You chide me for uttering proverbs, and you
string them in couples yourself."
"Observe, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "I
bring in proverbs to the purpose, and when I
quote them they fit like a ring to the finger;
thou bringest them in by the head and shoul-
ders, in such a way that thou dost drag them in,
rather than introduce them; if I am not mista-
ken, I have told thee already that proverbs are
short maxims drawn from the experience and
observation of our wise men of old; but the
proverb that is not to the purpose is a piece of
nonsense and not a maxim. But enough of this;
as nightfall is drawing on let us retire some
little distance from the high road to pass the
night; what is in store for us to-morrow God
knoweth."
They turned aside, and supped late and po-
orly, very much against Sancho's will, who tur-
ned over in his mind the hardships attendant
upon knight-errantry in woods and forests,
even though at times plenty presented itself in
castles and houses, as at Don Diego de Miran-
da's, at the wedding of Camacho the Rich, and
at Don Antonio Moreno's; he reflected, howe-
ver, that it could not be always day, nor always
night; and so that night he passed in sleeping,
and his master in waking.
 CHAPTER LXVIII.

OF THE BRISTLY ADVENTURE

THAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE

The night was somewhat dark, for though

there was a moon in the sky it was not in a
quarter where she could be seen; for sometimes
the lady Diana goes on a stroll to the antipodes,
and leaves the mountains all black and the va-
lleys in darkness. Don Quixote obeyed nature
so far as to sleep his first sleep, but did not give
way to the second, very different from Sancho,
who never had any second, because with him
sleep lasted from night till morning, wherein he
showed what a sound constitution and few
cares he had. Don Quixote's cares kept him
restless, so much so that he awoke Sancho and
said to him, "I am amazed, Sancho, at the un-
concern of thy temperament. I believe thou art
made of marble or hard brass, incapable of any
emotion or feeling whatever. I lie awake while
thou sleepest, I weep while thou singest, I am
faint with fasting while thou art sluggish and
torpid from pure repletion. It is the duty of go-
od servants to share the sufferings and feel the
sorrows of their masters, if it be only for the
sake of appearances. See the calmness of the
night, the solitude of the spot, inviting us to
break our slumbers by a vigil of some sort. Rise
as thou livest, and retire a little distance, and
with a good heart and cheerful courage give
thyself three or four hundred lashes on account
of Dulcinea's disenchantment score; and this I
entreat of thee, making it a request, for I have
no desire to come to grips with thee a second
time, as I know thou hast a heavy hand. As
soon as thou hast laid them on we will pass the
rest of the night, I singing my separation, thou
thy constancy, making a beginning at once with
the pastoral life we are to follow at our village."
 "Senor," replied Sancho, "I'm no monk to get
up out of the middle of my sleep and scourge
myself, nor does it seem to me that one can
pass from one extreme of the pain of whipping
to the other of music. Will your worship let me
sleep, and not worry me about whipping my-
self? or you'll make me swear never to touch a
hair of my doublet, not to say my flesh."
"O hard heart!" said Don Quixote, "O pitiless
squire! O bread ill-bestowed and favours ill-
acknowledged, both those I have done thee and
those I mean to do thee! Through me hast thou
seen thyself a governor, and through me thou
seest thyself in immediate expectation of being
a count, or obtaining some other equivalent
title, for I-post tenebras spero lucem."
"I don't know what that is," said Sancho; "all
I know is that so long as I am asleep I have
neither fear nor hope, trouble nor glory; and
good luck betide him that invented sleep, the
cloak that covers over all a man's thoughts, the
food that removes hunger, the drink that drives
away thirst, the fire that warms the cold, the
cold that tempers the heat, and, to wind up
with, the universal coin wherewith everything
is bought, the weight and balance that makes
the shepherd equal with the king and the fool
with the wise man. Sleep, I have heard say, has
only one fault, that it is like death; for between
a sleeping man and a dead man there is very
little difference."
"Never have I heard thee speak so elegantly
as now, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "and here I
begin to see the truth of the proverb thou dost
sometimes quote, 'Not with whom thou art
bred, but with whom thou art fed.'"
"Ha, by my life, master mine," said Sancho,
"it's not I that am stringing proverbs now, for
they drop in pairs from your worship's mouth
faster than from mine; only there is this diffe-
rence between mine and yours, that yours are
well-timed and mine are untimely; but
anyhow, they are all proverbs."
 At this point they became aware of a harsh
indistinct noise that seemed to spread through
all the valleys around. Don Quixote stood up
and laid his hand upon his sword, and Sancho
ensconced himself under Dapple and put the
bundle of armour on one side of him and the
ass's pack-saddle on the other, in fear and
trembling as great as Don Quixote's perturba-
tion. Each instant the noise increased and came
nearer to the two terrified men, or at least to
one, for as to the other, his courage is known to
all. The fact of the matter was that some men
were taking above six hundred pigs to sell at a
fair, and were on their way with them at that
hour, and so great was the noise they made and
their grunting and blowing, that they deafened
the ears of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, and
they could not make out what it was. The wide-
spread grunting drove came on in a surging
mass, and without showing any respect for
Don Quixote's dignity or Sancho's, passed right
over the pair of them, demolishing Sancho's
entrenchments, and not only upsetting Don
Quixote but sweeping Rocinante off his feet
into the bargain; and what with the trampling
and the grunting, and the pace at which the
unclean beasts went, pack-saddle, armour,
Dapple and Rocinante were left scattered on
the ground and Sancho and Don Quixote at
their wits' end.
Sancho got up as well as he could and beg-
ged his master to give him his sword, saying he
wanted to kill half a dozen of those dirty un-
mannerly pigs, for he had by this time found
out that that was what they were.
"Let them be, my friend," said Don Quixote;
"this insult is the penalty of my sin; and it is the
righteous chastisement of heaven that jackals
should devour a vanquished knight, and wasps
sting him and pigs trample him under foot."
"I suppose it is the chastisement of heaven,
too," said Sancho, "that flies should prick the
squires of vanquished knights, and lice eat
them, and hunger assail them. If we squires
were the sons of the knights we serve, or their
very near relations, it would be no wonder if
the penalty of their misdeeds overtook us, even
to the fourth generation. But what have the
Panzas to do with the Quixotes? Well, well, let's
lie down again and sleep out what little of the
night there's left, and God will send us dawn
and we shall be all right."
"Sleep thou, Sancho," returned Don Quixote,
"for thou wast born to sleep as I was born to
watch; and during the time it now wants of
dawn I will give a loose rein to my thoughts,
and seek a vent for them in a little madrigal
which, unknown to thee, I composed in my
head last night."
"I should think," said Sancho, "that the
thoughts that allow one to make verses cannot
be of great consequence; let your worship
string verses as much as you like and I'll sleep
as much as I can;" and forthwith, taking the
space of ground he required, he muffled him-
self up and fell into a sound sleep, undisturbed
by bond, debt, or trouble of any sort. Don
Quixote, propped up against the trunk of a be-
ech or a cork tree—for Cide Hamete does not
specify what kind of tree it was—sang in this
strain to the accompaniment of his own sighs:
When in my mind
I muse, O Love, upon thy cruelty,
To death I flee,
In hope therein the end of all to find.
But drawing near
That welcome haven in my sea of woe,
Such joy I know,
That life revives, and still I linger here.
Thus life doth slay,
And death again to life restoreth me;
Strange destiny,
That deals with life and death as with a play!
He accompanied each verse with many sighs
and not a few tears, just like one whose heart
was pierced with grief at his defeat and his se-
paration from Dulcinea.
 And now daylight came, and the sun smote
Sancho on the eyes with his beams. He awoke,
roused himself up, shook himself and stretched
his lazy limbs, and seeing the havoc the pigs
had made with his stores he cursed the drove,
and more besides. Then the pair resumed their
journey, and as evening closed in they saw co-
ming towards them some ten men on horse-
back and four or five on foot. Don Quixote's
heart beat quick and Sancho's quailed with fear,
for the persons approaching them carried lan-
ces and bucklers, and were in very warlike gui-
se. Don Quixote turned to Sancho and said, "If I
could make use of my weapons, and my pro-
mise had not tied my hands, I would count this
host that comes against us but cakes and fancy
bread; but perhaps it may prove something
different from what we apprehend." The men
on horseback now came up, and raising their
lances surrounded Don Quixote in silence, and
pointed them at his back and breast, menacing
him with death. One of those on foot, putting
his finger to his lips as a sign to him to be silent,
seized Rocinante's bridle and drew him out of
the road, and the others driving Sancho and
Dapple before them, and all maintaining a
strange silence, followed in the steps of the one
who led Don Quixote. The latter two or three
times attempted to ask where they were taking
him to and what they wanted, but the instant
he began to open his lips they threatened to
close them with the points of their lances; and
Sancho fared the same way, for the moment he
seemed about to speak one of those on foot
punched him with a goad, and Dapple likewi-
se, as if he too wanted to talk. Night set in, they
quickened their pace, and the fears of the two
prisoners grew greater, especially as they heard
themselves assailed with—"Get on, ye Troglo-
dytes;" "Silence, ye barbarians;" "March, ye
cannibals;" "No murmuring, ye Scythians;"
"Don't open your eyes, ye murderous Polyp-
hemes, ye blood-thirsty lions," and suchlike
names with which their captors harassed the
ears of the wretched master and man. Sancho
went along saying to himself, "We, tortolites,
barbers, animals! I don't like those names at all;
'it's in a bad wind our corn is being winnowed;'
'misfortune comes upon us all at once like
sticks on a dog,' and God grant it may be no
worse than them that this unlucky adventure
has in store for us."
Don Quixote rode completely dazed, unable
with the aid of all his wits to make out what
could be the meaning of these abusive names
they called them, and the only conclusion he
could arrive at was that there was no good to
be hoped for and much evil to be feared. And
now, about an hour after midnight, they rea-
ched a castle which Don Quixote saw at once
was the duke's, where they had been but a
short time before. "God bless me!" said he, as he
recognised the mansion, "what does this mean?
It is all courtesy and politeness in this house;
but with the vanquished good turns into evil,
and evil into worse."
 They entered the chief court of the castle and
found it prepared and fitted up in a style that
added to their amazement and doubled their
fears, as will be seen in the following chapter.

CHAPTER LXIX.

OF THE STRANGEST AND MOST

EXTRAORDINARY ADVENTURE
THAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE IN
THE WHOLE COURSE OF THIS GRE-
AT HISTORY

The horsemen dismounted, and, together

with the men on foot, without a moment's de-
lay taking up Sancho and Don Quixote bodily,
they carried them into the court, all round
which near a hundred torches fixed in sockets
were burning, besides above five hundred
lamps in the corridors, so that in spite of the
night, which was somewhat dark, the want of
daylight could not be perceived. In the middle
of the court was a catafalque, raised about two
yards above the ground and covered complete-
ly by an immense canopy of black velvet, and
on the steps all round it white wax tapers bur-
ned in more than a hundred silver candlesticks.
Upon the catafalque was seen the dead body of
a damsel so lovely that by her beauty she made
death itself look beautiful. She lay with her
head resting upon a cushion of brocade and
crowned with a garland of sweet-smelling flo-
wers of divers sorts, her hands crossed upon
her bosom, and between them a branch of ye-
llow palm of victory. On one side of the court
was erected a stage, where upon two chairs
were seated two persons who from having
crowns on their heads and sceptres in their
hands appeared to be kings of some sort, whet-
her real or mock ones. By the side of this stage,
which was reached by steps, were two other
chairs on which the men carrying the prisoners
seated Don Quixote and Sancho, all in silence,
and by signs giving them to understand that
they too were to be silent; which, however, they
would have been without any signs, for their
amazement at all they saw held them tongue-
tied. And now two persons of distinction, who
were at once recognised by Don Quixote as his
hosts the duke and duchess, ascended the stage
attended by a numerous suite, and seated
themselves on two gorgeous chairs close to the
two kings, as they seemed to be. Who would
not have been amazed at this? Nor was this all,
for Don Quixote had perceived that the dead
body on the catafalque was that of the fair Alti-
sidora. As the duke and duchess mounted the
stage Don Quixote and Sancho rose and made
them a profound obeisance, which they retur-
ned by bowing their heads slightly. At this
moment an official crossed over, and approa-
ching Sancho threw over him a robe of black
buckram painted all over with flames of fire,
and taking off his cap put upon his head a mi-
tre such as those undergoing the sentence of the
Holy Office wear; and whispered in his ear that
he must not open his lips, or they would put a
gag upon him, or take his life. Sancho surveyed
himself from head to foot and saw himself all
ablaze with flames; but as they did not burn
him, he did not care two farthings for them. He
took off the mitre and seeing painted with de-
vils he put it on again, saying to himself, "Well,
so far those don't burn me nor do these carry
me off." Don Quixote surveyed him too, and
though fear had got the better of his faculties,
he could not help smiling to see the figure San-
cho presented. And now from underneath the
catafalque, so it seemed, there rose a low sweet
sound of flutes, which, coming unbroken by
human voice (for there silence itself kept silen-
ce), had a soft and languishing effect. Then,
beside the pillow of what seemed to be the de-
ad body, suddenly appeared a fair youth in a
Roman habit, who, to the accompaniment of a
harp which he himself played, sang in a sweet
and clear voice these two stanzas:
While fair Altisidora, who the sport
Of cold Don Quixote's cruelty hath been,
Returns to life, and in this magic court
The dames in sables come to grace the scene,
And while her matrons all in seemly sort
My lady robes in baize and bombazine,
Her beauty and her sorrows will I sing
With defter quill than touched the Thracian
string.
But not in life alone, methinks, to me
Belongs the office; Lady, when my tongue
Is cold in death, believe me, unto thee
My voice shall raise its tributary song.
My soul, from this strait prison-house set free,
As o'er the Stygian lake it floats along,
Thy praises singing still shall hold its way,
And make the waters of oblivion stay.
 At this point one of the two that looked like
kings exclaimed, "Enough, enough, divine sin-
ger! It would be an endless task to put before us
now the death and the charms of the peerless
Altisidora, not dead as the ignorant world ima-
gines, but living in the voice of fame and in the
penance which Sancho Panza, here present, has
to undergo to restore her to the long-lost light.
Do thou, therefore, O Rhadamanthus, who sit-
test in judgment with me in the murky caverns
of Dis, as thou knowest all that the inscrutable
fates have decreed touching the resuscitation of
this damsel, announce and declare it at once,
that the happiness we look forward to from her
restoration be no longer deferred."
No sooner had Minos the fellow judge of
Rhadamanthus said this, than
Rhadamanthus rising up said:
"Ho, officials of this house, high and low,
great and small, make haste hither one and all,
and print on Sancho's face four-and-twenty
smacks, and give him twelve pinches and six
pin thrusts in the back and arms; for upon this
ceremony depends the restoration of Altisido-
ra."
On hearing this Sancho broke silence and
cried out, "By all that's good, I'll as soon let my
face be smacked or handled as turn Moor. Body
o' me! What has handling my face got to do
with the resurrection of this damsel? 'The old
woman took kindly to the blits; they enchant
Dulcinea, and whip me in order to disenchant
her; Altisidora dies of ailments God was plea-
sed to send her, and to bring her to life again
they must give me four-and-twenty smacks,
and prick holes in my body with pins, and raise
weals on my arms with pinches! Try those jokes
on a brother-in-law; 'I'm an old dog, and "tus,
tus" is no use with me.'"
"Thou shalt die," said Rhadamanthus in a
loud voice; "relent, thou tiger; humble thyself,
proud Nimrod; suffer and be silent, for no im-
possibilities are asked of thee; it is not for thee
to inquire into the difficulties in this matter;
smacked thou must be, pricked thou shalt see
thyself, and with pinches thou must be made to
howl. Ho, I say, officials, obey my orders; or by
the word of an honest man, ye shall see what ye
were born for."
At this some six duennas, advancing across
the court, made their appearance in procession,
one after the other, four of them with specta-
cles, and all with their right hands uplifted,
showing four fingers of wrist to make their
hands look longer, as is the fashion now-a-
days. No sooner had Sancho caught sight of
them than, bellowing like a bull, he exclaimed,
"I might let myself be handled by all the world;
but allow duennas to touch me—not a bit of it!
Scratch my face, as my master was served in
this very castle; run me through the body with
burnished daggers; pinch my arms with red-
hot pincers; I'll bear all in patience to serve the-
se gentlefolk; but I won't let duennas touch me,
though the devil should carry me off!"
 Here Don Quixote, too, broke silence, saying
to Sancho, "Have patience, my son, and gratify
these noble persons, and give all thanks to hea-
ven that it has infused such virtue into thy per-
son, that by its sufferings thou canst disenchant
the enchanted and restore to life the dead."
The duennas were now close to Sancho, and
he, having become more tractable and reasona-
ble, settling himself well in his chair presented
his face and beard to the first, who delivered
him a smack very stoutly laid on, and then ma-
de him a low curtsey.
"Less politeness and less paint, senora duen-
na," said Sancho; "by God your hands smell of
vinegar-wash."
In fine, all the duennas smacked him and
several others of the household pinched him;
but what he could not stand was being pricked
by the pins; and so, apparently out of patience,
he started up out of his chair, and seizing a
lighted torch that stood near him fell upon the
duennas and the whole set of his tormentors,
exclaiming, "Begone, ye ministers of hell; I'm
not made of brass not to feel such out-of-the-
way tortures."
At this instant Altisidora, who probably was
tired of having been so long lying on her back,
turned on her side; seeing which the bystanders
cried out almost with one voice, "Altisidora is
alive! Altisidora lives!"
Rhadamanthus bade Sancho put away his
wrath, as the object they had in view was now
attained. When Don Quixote saw Altisidora
move, he went on his knees to Sancho saying to
him, "Now is the time, son of my bowels, not to
call thee my squire, for thee to give thyself so-
me of those lashes thou art bound to lay on for
the disenchantment of Dulcinea. Now, I say, is
the time when the virtue that is in thee is ripe,
and endowed with efficacy to work the good
that is looked for from thee."
To which Sancho made answer, "That's trick
upon trick, I think, and not honey upon panca-
kes; a nice thing it would be for a whipping to
come now, on the top of pinches, smacks, and
pin-proddings! You had better take a big stone
and tie it round my neck, and pitch me into a
well; I should not mind it much, if I'm to be
always made the cow of the wedding for the
cure of other people's ailments. Leave me alone;
or else by God I'll fling the whole thing to the
dogs, let come what may."
Altisidora had by this time sat up on the ca-
tafalque, and as she did so the clarions soun-
ded, accompanied by the flutes, and the voices
of all present exclaiming, "Long life to Altisido-
ra! long life to Altisidora!" The duke and du-
chess and the kings Minos and Rhadamanthus
stood up, and all, together with Don Quixote
and Sancho, advanced to receive her and take
her down from the catafalque; and she, making
as though she were recovering from a swoon,
bowed her head to the duke and duchess and
to the kings, and looking sideways at Don
Quixote, said to him, "God forgive thee, insen-
sible knight, for through thy cruelty I have be-
en, to me it seems, more than a thousand years
in the other world; and to thee, the most com-
passionate upon earth, I render thanks for the
life I am now in possession of. From this day
forth, friend Sancho, count as thine six smocks
of mine which I bestow upon thee, to make as
many shirts for thyself, and if they are not all
quite whole, at any rate they are all clean."
Sancho kissed her hands in gratitude, knee-
ling, and with the mitre in his hand. The duke
bade them take it from him, and give him back
his cap and doublet and remove the flaming
robe. Sancho begged the duke to let them leave
him the robe and mitre; as he wanted to take
them home for a token and memento of that
unexampled adventure. The duchess said they
must leave them with him; for he knew already
what a great friend of his she was. The duke
then gave orders that the court should be clea-
red, and that all should retire to their chambers,
and that Don Quixote and Sancho should be
conducted to their old quarters.
 CHAPTER LXX.

WHICH FOLLOWS SIXTY-NINE

AND DEALS WITH MATTERS INDIS-
PENSABLE FOR THE CLEAR COM-
PREHENSION OF THIS HISTORY

Sancho slept that night in a cot in the same

chamber with Don Quixote, a thing he would
have gladly excused if he could for he knew
very well that with questions and answers his
master would not let him sleep, and he was in
no humour for talking much, as he still felt the
pain of his late martyrdom, which interfered
with his freedom of speech; and it would have
been more to his taste to sleep in a hovel alone,
than in that luxurious chamber in company.
And so well founded did his apprehension
prove, and so correct was his anticipation, that
scarcely had his master got into bed when he
said, "What dost thou think of tonight's adven-
ture, Sancho? Great and mighty is the power of
cold-hearted scorn, for thou with thine own
eyes hast seen Altisidora slain, not by arrows,
nor by the sword, nor by any warlike weapon,
nor by deadly poisons, but by the thought of
the sternness and scorn with which I have al-
ways treated her."
"She might have died and welcome," said
Sancho, "when she pleased and how she plea-
sed; and she might have left me alone, for I
never made her fall in love or scorned her. I
don't know nor can I imagine how the recovery
of Altisidora, a damsel more fanciful than wise,
can have, as I have said before, anything to do
with the sufferings of Sancho Panza. Now I
begin to see plainly and clearly that there are
enchanters and enchanted people in the world;
and may God deliver me from them, since I
can't deliver myself; and so I beg of your wors-
hip to let me sleep and not ask me any more
questions, unless you want me to throw myself
out of the window."
"Sleep, Sancho my friend," said Don Quixo-
te, "if the pinprodding and pinches thou hast
received and the smacks administered to thee
will let thee."
"No pain came up to the insult of the
smacks," said Sancho, "for the simple reason
that it was duennas, confound them, that gave
them to me; but once more I entreat your wors-
hip to let me sleep, for sleep is relief from mise-
ry to those who are miserable when awake."
"Be it so, and God be with thee," said Don
Quixote.
They fell asleep, both of them, and Cide
Hamete, the author of this great history, took
this opportunity to record and relate what it
was that induced the duke and duchess to get
up the elaborate plot that has been described.
The bachelor Samson Carrasco, he says, not
forgetting how he as the Knight of the Mirrors
had been vanquished and overthrown by Don
Quixote, which defeat and overthrow upset all
his plans, resolved to try his hand again,
hoping for better luck than he had before; and
so, having learned where Don Quixote was
from the page who brought the letter and pre-
sent to Sancho's wife, Teresa Panza, he got him-
self new armour and another horse, and put a
white moon upon his shield, and to carry his
arms he had a mule led by a peasant, not by
Tom Cecial his former squire for fear he should
be recognised by Sancho or Don Quixote. He
came to the duke's castle, and the duke infor-
med him of the road and route Don Quixote
had taken with the intention of being present at
the jousts at Saragossa. He told him, too, of the
jokes he had practised upon him, and of the
device for the disenchantment of Dulcinea at
the expense of Sancho's backside; and finally he
gave him an account of the trick Sancho had
played upon his master, making him believe
that Dulcinea was enchanted and turned into a
country wench; and of how the duchess, his
wife, had persuaded Sancho that it was he him-
self who was deceived, inasmuch as Dulcinea
was really enchanted; at which the bachelor
laughed not a little, and marvelled as well at
the sharpness and simplicity of Sancho as at the
length to which Don Quixote's madness went.
The duke begged of him if he found him
(whether he overcame him or not) to return
that way and let him know the result. This the
bachelor did; he set out in quest of Don Quixo-
te, and not finding him at Saragossa, he went
on, and how he fared has been already told. He
returned to the duke's castle and told him all,
what the conditions of the combat were, and
how Don Quixote was now, like a loyal knight-
errant, returning to keep his promise of retiring
to his village for a year, by which time, said the
bachelor, he might perhaps be cured of his
madness; for that was the object that had led
him to adopt these disguises, as it was a sad
thing for a gentleman of such good parts as
Don Quixote to be a madman. And so he took
his leave of the duke, and went home to his
village to wait there for Don Quixote, who was
coming after him. Thereupon the duke seized
the opportunity of practising this mystification
upon him; so much did he enjoy everything
connected with Sancho and Don Quixote. He
had the roads about the castle far and near,
everywhere he thought Don Quixote was likely
to pass on his return, occupied by large num-
bers of his servants on foot and on horseback,
who were to bring him to the castle, by fair
means or foul, if they met him. They did meet
him, and sent word to the duke, who, having
already settled what was to be done, as soon as
he heard of his arrival, ordered the torches and
lamps in the court to be lit and Altisidora to be
placed on the catafalque with all the pomp and
ceremony that has been described, the whole
affair being so well arranged and acted that it
differed but little from reality. And Cide Hame-
te says, moreover, that for his part he considers
the concocters of the joke as crazy as the vic-
tims of it, and that the duke and duchess were
not two fingers' breadth removed from being
something like fools themselves when they
took such pains to make game of a pair of fools.
As for the latter, one was sleeping soundly
and the other lying awake occupied with his
desultory thoughts, when daylight came to
them bringing with it the desire to rise; for the
lazy down was never a delight to Don Quixote,
victor or vanquished. Altisidora, come back
from death to life as Don Quixote fancied, fo-
llowing up the freak of her lord and lady, ente-
red the chamber, crowned with the garland she
had worn on the catafalque and in a robe of
white taffeta embroidered with gold flowers,
her hair flowing loose over her shoulders, and
leaning upon a staff of fine black ebony. Don
Quixote, disconcerted and in confusion at her
appearance, huddled himself up and well-nigh
covered himself altogether with the sheets and
counterpane of the bed, tongue-tied, and una-
ble to offer her any civility. Altisidora seated
herself on a chair at the head of the bed, and,
after a deep sigh, said to him in a feeble, soft
voice, "When women of rank and modest mai-
dens trample honour under foot, and give a
loose to the tongue that breaks through every
impediment, publishing abroad the inmost se-
crets of their hearts, they are reduced to sore
extremities. Such a one am I, Senor Don Quixo-
te of La Mancha, crushed, conquered, love-
smitten, but yet patient under suffering and
virtuous, and so much so that my heart broke
with grief and I lost my life. For the last two
days I have been dead, slain by the thought of
the cruelty with which thou hast treated me,
obdurate knight,
O harder thou than marble to my plaint;
or at least believed to be dead by all who
saw me; and had it not been that Love, taking
pity on me, let my recovery rest upon the suffe-
rings of this good squire, there I should have
remained in the other world."
 "Love might very well have let it rest upon
the sufferings of my ass, and I should have be-
en obliged to him," said Sancho. "But tell me,
senora—and may heaven send you a tenderer
lover than my master-what did you see in the
other world? What goes on in hell? For of cour-
se that's where one who dies in despair is
bound for."
"To tell you the truth," said Altisidora, "I
cannot have died outright, for I did not go into
hell; had I gone in, it is very certain I should
never have come out again, do what I might.
The truth is, I came to the gate, where some
dozen or so of devils were playing tennis, all in
breeches and doublets, with falling collars
trimmed with Flemish bonelace, and ruffles of
the same that served them for wristbands, with
four fingers' breadth of the arms exposed to
make their hands look longer; in their hands
they held rackets of fire; but what amazed me
still more was that books, apparently full of
wind and rubbish, served them for tennis balls,
a strange and marvellous thing; this, however,
did not astonish me so much as to observe that,
although with players it is usual for the win-
ners to be glad and the losers sorry, there in
that game all were growling, all were snarling,
and all were cursing one another." "That's no
wonder," said Sancho; "for devils, whether pla-
ying or not, can never be content, win or lose."
"Very likely," said Altisidora; "but there is
another thing that surprises me too, I mean
surprised me then, and that was that no ball
outlasted the first throw or was of any use a
second time; and it was wonderful the constant
succession there was of books, new and old. To
one of them, a brand-new, well-bound one,
they gave such a stroke that they knocked the
guts out of it and scattered the leaves about.
'Look what book that is,' said one devil to anot-
her, and the other replied, 'It is the "Second Part
of the History of Don Quixote of La Mancha,"
not by Cide Hamete, the original author, but by
an Aragonese who by his own account is of
Tordesillas.' 'Out of this with it,' said the first,
'and into the depths of hell with it out of my
sight.' 'Is it so bad?' said the other. 'So bad is it,'
said the first, 'that if I had set myself deliberate-
ly to make a worse, I could not have done it.'
They then went on with their game, knocking
other books about; and I, having heard them
mention the name of Don Quixote whom I love
and adore so, took care to retain this vision in
my memory."
"A vision it must have been, no doubt," said
Don Quixote, "for there is no other I in the
world; this history has been going about here
for some time from hand to hand, but it does
not stay long in any, for everybody gives it a
taste of his foot. I am not disturbed by hearing
that I am wandering in a fantastic shape in the
darkness of the pit or in the daylight above, for
I am not the one that history treats of. If it
should be good, faithful, and true, it will have
ages of life; but if it should be bad, from its
birth to its burial will not be a very long jour-
ney."
Altisidora was about to proceed with her
complaint against Don Quixote, when he said
to her, "I have several times told you, senora
that it grieves me you should have set your
affections upon me, as from mine they can only
receive gratitude, but no return. I was born to
belong to Dulcinea del Toboso, and the fates, if
there are any, dedicated me to her; and to sup-
pose that any other beauty can take the place
she occupies in my heart is to suppose an im-
possibility. This frank declaration should suffi-
ce to make you retire within the bounds of your
modesty, for no one can bind himself to do im-
possibilities."
Hearing this, Altisidora, with a show of an-
ger and agitation, exclaimed, "God's life! Don
Stockfish, soul of a mortar, stone of a date, mo-
re obstinate and obdurate than a clown asked a
favour when he has his mind made up, if I fall
upon you I'll tear your eyes out! Do you fancy,
Don Vanquished, Don Cudgelled, that I died
for your sake? All that you have seen to-night
has been make-believe; I'm not the woman to
let the black of my nail suffer for such a camel,
much less die!"
"That I can well believe," said Sancho; "for all
that about lovers pining to death is absurd;
they may talk of it, but as for doing it-Judas
may believe that!"
While they were talking, the musician, sin-
ger, and poet, who had sung the two stanzas
given above came in, and making a profound
obeisance to Don Quixote said, "Will your
worship, sir knight, reckon and retain me in the
number of your most faithful servants, for I
have long been a great admirer of yours, as
well because of your fame as because of your
achievements?" "Will your worship tell me who
you are," replied Don Quixote, "so that my
courtesy may be answerable to your deserts?"
The young man replied that he was the musi-
cian and songster of the night before. "Of a
truth," said Don Quixote, "your worship has a
most excellent voice; but what you sang did not
seem to me very much to the purpose; for what
have Garcilasso's stanzas to do with the death
of this lady?"
"Don't be surprised at that," returned the
musician; "for with the callow poets of our day
the way is for every one to write as he pleases
and pilfer where he chooses, whether it be
germane to the matter or not, and now-a-days
there is no piece of silliness they can sing or
write that is not set down to poetic licence."
Don Quixote was about to reply, but was
prevented by the duke and duchess, who came
in to see him, and with them there followed a
long and delightful conversation, in the course
of which Sancho said so many droll and saucy
things that he left the duke and duchess won-
dering not only at his simplicity but at his
sharpness. Don Quixote begged their permis-
sion to take his departure that same day, inas-
much as for a vanquished knight like himself it
was fitter he should live in a pig-sty than in a
royal palace. They gave it very readily, and the
duchess asked him if Altisidora was in his good
graces.
He replied, "Senora, let me tell your ladys-
hip that this damsel's ailment comes entirely of
idleness, and the cure for it is honest and cons-
tant employment. She herself has told me that
lace is worn in hell; and as she must know how
to make it, let it never be out of her hands; for
when she is occupied in shifting the bobbins to
and fro, the image or images of what she loves
will not shift to and fro in her thoughts; this is
the truth, this is my opinion, and this is my
advice."
"And mine," added Sancho; "for I never in all
my life saw a lace-maker that died for love;
when damsels are at work their minds are more
set on finishing their tasks than on thinking of
their loves. I speak from my own experience;
for when I'm digging I never think of my old
woman; I mean my Teresa Panza, whom I love
better than my own eyelids." "You say well,
Sancho," said the duchess, "and I will take care
that my Altisidora employs herself hencefor-
ward in needlework of some sort; for she is
extremely expert at it." "There is no occasion to
have recourse to that remedy, senora," said
Altisidora; "for the mere thought of the cruelty
with which this vagabond villain has treated
me will suffice to blot him out of my memory
without any other device; with your highness's
leave I will retire, not to have before my eyes, I
won't say his rueful countenance, but his abo-
minable, ugly looks." "That reminds me of the
common saying, that 'he that rails is ready to
forgive,'" said the duke.
Altisidora then, pretending to wipe away
her tears with a handkerchief, made an obei-
sance to her master and mistress and quitted
the room.
"Ill luck betide thee, poor damsel," said San-
cho, "ill luck betide thee! Thou hast fallen in
with a soul as dry as a rush and a heart as hard
as oak; had it been me, i'faith 'another cock
would have crowed to thee.'"
So the conversation came to an end, and
Don Quixote dressed himself and dined with
the duke and duchess, and set out the same
evening.

CHAPTER LXXI.

OF WHAT PASSED BETWEEN DON

QUIXOTE AND HIS SQUIRE SAN-
CHO ON THE WAY TO THEIR VI-
LLAGE

The vanquished and afflicted Don Quixote

went along very downcast in one respect and
very happy in another. His sadness arose from
his defeat, and his satisfaction from the thought
of the virtue that lay in Sancho, as had been
proved by the resurrection of Altisidora;
though it was with difficulty he could persuade
himself that the love-smitten damsel had been
really dead. Sancho went along anything but
cheerful, for it grieved him that Altisidora had
not kept her promise of giving him the smocks;
and turning this over in his mind he said to his
master, "Surely, senor, I'm the most unlucky
doctor in the world; there's many a physician
that, after killing the sick man he had to cure,
requires to be paid for his work, though it is
only signing a bit of a list of medicines, that the
apothecary and not he makes up, and, there, his
labour is over; but with me though to cure so-
mebody else costs me drops of blood, smacks,
pinches, pinproddings, and whippings, nobody
gives me a farthing. Well, I swear by all that's
good if they put another patient into my hands,
they'll have to grease them for me before I cure
him; for, as they say, 'it's by his singing the ab-
bot gets his dinner,' and I'm not going to belie-
ve that heaven has bestowed upon me the vir-
tue I have, that I should be dealing it out to
others all for nothing."
"Thou art right, Sancho my friend," said Don
Quixote, "and Altisidora has behaved very bad-
ly in not giving thee the smocks she promised;
and although that virtue of thine is gratis da-
ta—as it has cost thee no study whatever, any
more than such study as thy personal suffe-
rings may be—I can say for myself that if thou
wouldst have payment for the lashes on ac-
count of the disenchant of Dulcinea, I would
have given it to thee freely ere this. I am not
sure, however, whether payment will comport
with the cure, and I would not have the reward
interfere with the medicine. I think there will be
nothing lost by trying it; consider how much
thou wouldst have, Sancho, and whip thyself at
once, and pay thyself down with thine own
hand, as thou hast money of mine."
 At this proposal Sancho opened his eyes and
his ears a palm's breadth wide, and in his heart
very readily acquiesced in whipping himself,
and said he to his master, "Very well then, se-
nor, I'll hold myself in readiness to gratify your
worship's wishes if I'm to profit by it; for the
love of my wife and children forces me to seem
grasping. Let your worship say how much you
will pay me for each lash I give myself."
"If Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "I were to
requite thee as the importance and nature of
the cure deserves, the treasures of Venice, the
mines of Potosi, would be insufficient to pay
thee. See what thou hast of mine, and put a
price on each lash."
"Of them," said Sancho, "there are three
thousand three hundred and odd; of these I
have given myself five, the rest remain; let the
five go for the odd ones, and let us take the
three thousand three hundred, which at a quar-
ter real apiece (for I will not take less though
the whole world should bid me) make three
thousand three hundred quarter reals; the three
thousand are one thousand five hundred half
reals, which make seven hundred and fifty re-
als; and the three hundred make a hundred and
fifty half reals, which come to seventy-five re-
als, which added to the seven hundred and
fifty make eight hundred and twenty-five reals
in all. These I will stop out of what I have be-
longing to your worship, and I'll return home
rich and content, though well whipped, for
'there's no taking trout'—but I say no more."
"O blessed Sancho! O dear Sancho!" said
Don Quixote; "how we shall be bound to serve
thee, Dulcinea and I, all the days of our lives
that heaven may grant us! If she returns to her
lost shape (and it cannot be but that she will)
her misfortune will have been good fortune,
and my defeat a most happy triumph. But look
here, Sancho; when wilt thou begin the scour-
ging? For if thou wilt make short work of it, I
will give thee a hundred reals over and above."
 "When?" said Sancho; "this night without
fail. Let your worship order it so that we pass it
out of doors and in the open air, and I'll scarify
myself."
Night, longed for by Don Quixote with the
greatest anxiety in the world, came at last,
though it seemed to him that the wheels of
Apollo's car had broken down, and that the day
was drawing itself out longer than usual, just as
is the case with lovers, who never make the
reckoning of their desires agree with time. They
made their way at length in among some plea-
sant trees that stood a little distance from the
road, and there vacating Rocinante's saddle and
Dapple's pack-saddle, they stretched themsel-
ves on the green grass and made their supper
off Sancho's stores, and he making a powerful
and flexible whip out of Dapple's halter and
headstall retreated about twenty paces from his
master among some beech trees. Don Quixote
seeing him march off with such resolution and
spirit, said to him, "Take care, my friend, not to
cut thyself to pieces; allow the lashes to wait for
one another, and do not be in so great a hurry
as to run thyself out of breath midway; I mean,
do not lay on so strenuously as to make thy life
fail thee before thou hast reached the desired
number; and that thou mayest not lose by a
card too much or too little, I will station myself
apart and count on my rosary here the lashes
thou givest thyself. May heaven help thee as
thy good intention deserves."
"'Pledges don't distress a good payer,'" said
Sancho; "I mean to lay on in such a way as wit-
hout killing myself to hurt myself, for in that,
no doubt, lies the essence of this miracle."
He then stripped himself from the waist
upwards, and snatching up the rope he began
to lay on and Don Quixote to count the lashes.
He might have given himself six or eight when
he began to think the joke no trifle, and its price
very low; and holding his hand for a moment,
he told his master that he cried off on the score
of a blind bargain, for each of those lashes
ought to be paid for at the rate of half a real
instead of a quarter.
"Go on, Sancho my friend, and be not dis-
heartened," said Don Quixote; "for I double the
stakes as to price."
"In that case," said Sancho, "in God's hand be
it, and let it rain lashes." But the rogue no lon-
ger laid them on his shoulders, but laid on to
the trees, with such groans every now and then,
that one would have thought at each of them
his soul was being plucked up by the roots.
Don Quixote, touched to the heart, and fearing
he might make an end of himself, and that
through Sancho's imprudence he might miss
his own object, said to him, "As thou livest, my
friend, let the matter rest where it is, for the
remedy seems to me a very rough one, and it
will be well to have patience; 'Zamora was not
won in an hour.' If I have not reckoned wrong
thou hast given thyself over a thousand lashes;
that is enough for the present; 'for the ass,' to
put it in homely phrase, 'bears the load, but not
the overload.'"
"No, no, senor," replied Sancho; "it shall ne-
ver be said of me, 'The money paid, the arms
broken;' go back a little further, your worship,
and let me give myself at any rate a thousand
lashes more; for in a couple of bouts like this
we shall have finished off the lot, and there will
be even cloth to spare."
"As thou art in such a willing mood," said
Don Quixote, "may heaven aid thee; lay on and
I'll retire."
Sancho returned to his task with so much re-
solution that he soon had the bark stripped off
several trees, such was the severity with which
he whipped himself; and one time, raising his
voice, and giving a beech a tremendous lash, he
cried out, "Here dies Samson, and all with
him!"
At the sound of his piteous cry and of the
stroke of the cruel lash, Don Quixote ran to him
at once, and seizing the twisted halter that ser-
ved him for a courbash, said to him, "Heaven
forbid, Sancho my friend, that to please me
thou shouldst lose thy life, which is needed for
the support of thy wife and children; let Dulci-
nea wait for a better opportunity, and I will
content myself with a hope soon to be realised,
and have patience until thou hast gained fresh
strength so as to finish off this business to the
satisfaction of everybody."
"As your worship will have it so, senor," said
Sancho, "so be it; but throw your cloak over my
shoulders, for I'm sweating and I don't want to
take cold; it's a risk that novice disciplinants
run."
Don Quixote obeyed, and stripping himself
covered Sancho, who slept until the sun woke
him; they then resumed their journey, which
for the time being they brought to an end at a
village that lay three leagues farther on. They
dismounted at a hostelry which Don Quixote
recognised as such and did not take to be a cas-
tle with moat, turrets, portcullis, and draw-
bridge; for ever since he had been vanquished
he talked more rationally about everything, as
will be shown presently. They quartered him in
a room on the ground floor, where in place of
leather hangings there were pieces of painted
serge such as they commonly use in villages.
On one of them was painted by some very poor
hand the Rape of Helen, when the bold guest
carried her off from Menelaus, and on the other
was the story of Dido and AEneas, she on a
high tower, as though she were making signals
with a half sheet to her fugitive guest who was
out at sea flying in a frigate or brigantine. He
noticed in the two stories that Helen did not go
very reluctantly, for she was laughing slyly and
roguishly; but the fair Dido was shown drop-
ping tears the size of walnuts from her eyes.
Don Quixote as he looked at them observed,
"Those two ladies were very unfortunate not to
have been born in this age, and I unfortunate
above all men not to have been born in theirs.
Had I fallen in with those gentlemen, Troy
would not have been burned or Carthage des-
troyed, for it would have been only for me to
slay Paris, and all these misfortunes would
have been avoided."
"I'll lay a bet," said Sancho, "that before long
there won't be a tavern, roadside inn, hostelry,
or barber's shop where the story of our doings
won't be painted up; but I'd like it painted by
the hand of a better painter than painted these."
"Thou art right, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
"for this painter is like Orbaneja, a painter there
was at Ubeda, who when they asked him what
he was painting, used to say, 'Whatever it may
turn out; and if he chanced to paint a cock he
would write under it, 'This is a cock,' for fear
they might think it was a fox. The painter or
writer, for it's all the same, who published the
history of this new Don Quixote that has come
out, must have been one of this sort I think,
Sancho, for he painted or wrote 'whatever it
might turn out;' or perhaps he is like a poet
called Mauleon that was about the Court some
years ago, who used to answer at haphazard
whatever he was asked, and on one asking him
what Deum de Deo meant, he replied De donde
diere. But, putting this aside, tell me, Sancho,
hast thou a mind to have another turn at thyself
to-night, and wouldst thou rather have it indo-
ors or in the open air?"
"Egad, senor," said Sancho, "for what I'm
going to give myself, it comes all the same to
me whether it is in a house or in the fields; still
I'd like it to be among trees; for I think they are
company for me and help me to bear my pain
wonderfully."
"And yet it must not be, Sancho my friend,"
said Don Quixote; "but, to enable thee to reco-
ver strength, we must keep it for our own villa-
ge; for at the latest we shall get there the day
after tomorrow."
Sancho said he might do as he pleased; but
that for his own part he would like to finish off
the business quickly before his blood cooled
and while he had an appetite, because "in delay
there is apt to be danger" very often, and "pra-
ying to God and plying the hammer," and "one
take was better than two I'll give thee's," and "a
sparrow in the hand than a vulture on the
wing."
"For God's sake, Sancho, no more proverbs!"
exclaimed Don Quixote; "it seems to me thou
art becoming sicut erat again; speak in a plain,
simple, straight-forward way, as I have often
told thee, and thou wilt find the good of it."
"I don't know what bad luck it is of mine,"
argument to my mind; however,
I mean to mend said Sancho, "but I can't utter a
word without a proverb
that is not as good as an argument to my mind;
however, I mean to mend if
I can;" and so for the present the conversation
ended.
 CHAPTER LXXII.

OF HOW DON QUIXOTE AND

SANCHO REACHED THEIR VILLAGE

All that day Don Quixote and Sancho re-

mained in the village and inn waiting for night,
the one to finish off his task of scourging in the
open country, the other to see it accomplished,
for therein lay the accomplishment of his wis-
hes. Meanwhile there arrived at the hostelry a
traveller on horseback with three or four ser-
vants, one of whom said to him who appeared
to be the master, "Here, Senor Don Alvaro Tar-
fe, your worship may take your siesta to-day;
the quarters seem clean and cool."
When he heard this Don Quixote said to
Sancho, "Look here, Sancho; on turning over
the leaves of that book of the Second Part of my
history I think I came casually upon this name
of Don Alvaro Tarfe."
"Very likely," said Sancho; "we had better let
him dismount, and by-and-by we can ask about
it."
The gentleman dismounted, and the landla-
dy gave him a room on the ground floor oppo-
site Don Quixote's and adorned with painted
serge hangings of the same sort. The newly
arrived gentleman put on a summer coat, and
coming out to the gateway of the hostelry,
which was wide and cool, addressing Don
Quixote, who was pacing up and down there,
he asked, "In what direction your worship
bound, gentle sir?"
"To a village near this which is my own vi-
llage," replied Don Quixote; "and your worship,
where are you bound for?"
"I am going to Granada, senor," said the gen-
tleman, "to my own country."
"And a goodly country," said Don Quixote;
"but will your worship do me the favour of
telling me your name, for it strikes me it is of
more importance to me to know it than I can
tell you."
"My name is Don Alvaro Tarfe," replied the
traveller.
To which Don Quixote returned, "I have no
doubt whatever that your worship is that Don
Alvaro Tarfe who appears in print in the Se-
cond Part of the history of Don Quixote of La
Mancha, lately printed and published by a new
author."
"I am the same," replied the gentleman; "and
that same Don Quixote, the principal personage
in the said history, was a very great friend of
mine, and it was I who took him away from
home, or at least induced him to come to some
jousts that were to be held at Saragossa, whit-
her I was going myself; indeed, I showed him
many kindnesses, and saved him from having
his shoulders touched up by the executioner
because of his extreme rashness."
 "Tell me, Senor Don Alvaro," said Don
Quixote, "am I at all like that Don
Quixote you talk of?"
"No indeed," replied the traveller, "not a bit."
"And that Don Quixote-" said our one, "had
he with him a squire called
Sancho Panza?"
"He had," said Don Alvaro; "but though he
had the name of being very droll, I never heard
him say anything that had any drollery in it."
"That I can well believe," said Sancho at this,
"for to come out with drolleries is not in every-
body's line; and that Sancho your worship spe-
aks of, gentle sir, must be some great scoundrel,
dunderhead, and thief, all in one; for I am the
real Sancho Panza, and I have more drolleries
than if it rained them; let your worship only
try; come along with me for a year or so, and
you will find they fall from me at every turn,
and so rich and so plentiful that though mostly
I don't know what I am saying I make every-
body that hears me laugh. And the real Don
Quixote of La Mancha, the famous, the valiant,
the wise, the lover, the righter of wrongs, the
guardian of minors and orphans, the protector
of widows, the killer of damsels, he who has for
his sole mistress the peerless Dulcinea del To-
boso, is this gentleman before you, my master;
all other Don Quixotes and all other Sancho
Panzas are dreams and mockeries."
"By God I believe it," said Don Alvaro; "for
you have uttered more drolleries, my friend, in
the few words you have spoken than the other
Sancho Panza in all I ever heard from him, and
they were not a few. He was more greedy than
well-spoken, and more dull than droll; and I
am convinced that the enchanters who persecu-
te Don Quixote the Good have been trying to
persecute me with Don Quixote the Bad. But I
don't know what to say, for I am ready to swear
I left him shut up in the Casa del Nuncio at
Toledo, and here another Don Quixote turns
up, though a very different one from mine."
 "I don't know whether I am good," said Don
Quixote, "but I can safely say I am not 'the Bad;'
and to prove it, let me tell you, Senor Don Al-
varo Tarfe, I have never in my life been in Sa-
ragossa; so far from that, when it was told me
that this imaginary Don Quixote had been pre-
sent at the jousts in that city, I declined to enter
it, in order to drag his falsehood before the face
of the world; and so I went on straight to Barce-
lona, the treasure-house of courtesy, haven of
strangers, asylum of the poor, home of the va-
liant, champion of the wronged, pleasant ex-
change of firm friendships, and city unrivalled
in site and beauty. And though the adventures
that befell me there are not by any means mat-
ters of enjoyment, but rather of regret, I do not
regret them, simply because I have seen it. In a
word, Senor Don Alvaro Tarfe, I am Don
Quixote of La Mancha, the one that fame spe-
aks of, and not the unlucky one that has at-
tempted to usurp my name and deck himself
out in my ideas. I entreat your worship by your
devoir as a gentleman to be so good as to make
a declaration before the alcalde of this village
that you never in all your life saw me until
now, and that neither am I the Don Quixote in
print in the Second Part, nor this Sancho Panza,
my squire, the one your worship knew."
"That I will do most willingly," replied Don
Alvaro; "though it amazes me to find two Don
Quixotes and two Sancho Panzas at once, as
much alike in name as they differ in demea-
nour; and again I say and declare that what I
saw I cannot have seen, and that what happe-
ned me cannot have happened."
"No doubt your worship is enchanted, like
my lady Dulcinea del Toboso," said Sancho;
"and would to heaven your disenchantment
rested on my giving myself another three thou-
sand and odd lashes like what I'm giving my-
self for her, for I'd lay them on without looking
for anything."
"I don't understand that about the lashes,"
said Don Alvaro. Sancho replied that it was a
long story to tell, but he would tell him if they
happened to be going the same road.
By this dinner-time arrived, and Don Quixo-
te and Don Alvaro dined together. The alcalde
of the village came by chance into the inn to-
gether with a notary, and Don Quixote laid a
petition before him, showing that it was requi-
site for his rights that Don Alvaro Tarfe, the
gentleman there present, should make a decla-
ration before him that he did not know Don
Quixote of La Mancha, also there present, and
that he was not the one that was in print in a
history entitled "Second Part of Don Quixote of
La Mancha, by one Avellaneda of Tordesillas."
The alcalde finally put it in legal form, and the
declaration was made with all the formalities
required in such cases, at which Don Quixote
and Sancho were in high delight, as if a declara-
tion of the sort was of any great importance to
them, and as if their words and deeds did not
plainly show the difference between the two
Don Quixotes and the two Sanchos. Many civi-
lities and offers of service were exchanged by
Don Alvaro and Don Quixote, in the course of
which the great Manchegan displayed such
good taste that he disabused Don Alvaro of the
error he was under; and he, on his part, felt
convinced he must have been enchanted, now
that he had been brought in contact with two
such opposite Don Quixotes.
Evening came, they set out from the village,
and after about half a league two roads bran-
ched off, one leading to Don Quixote's village,
the other the road Don Alvaro was to follow. In
this short interval Don Quixote told him of his
unfortunate defeat, and of Dulcinea's enchant-
ment and the remedy, all which threw Don
Alvaro into fresh amazement, and embracing
Don Quixote and Sancho he went his way, and
Don Quixote went his. That night he passed
among trees again in order to give Sancho an
opportunity of working out his penance, which
he did in the same fashion as the night before,
at the expense of the bark of the beech trees
much more than of his back, of which he took
such good care that the lashes would not have
knocked off a fly had there been one there. The
duped Don Quixote did not miss a single stro-
ke of the count, and he found that together
with those of the night before they made up
three thousand and twenty-nine. The sun appa-
rently had got up early to witness the sacrifice,
and with his light they resumed their journey,
discussing the deception practised on Don Al-
varo, and saying how well done it was to have
taken his declaration before a magistrate in
such an unimpeachable form. That day and
night they travelled on, nor did anything worth
mention happen them, unless it was that in the
course of the night Sancho finished off his task,
whereat Don Quixote was beyond measure
joyful. He watched for daylight, to see if along
the road he should fall in with his already di-
senchanted lady Dulcinea; and as he pursued
his journey there was no woman he met that he
did not go up to, to see if she was Dulcinea del
Toboso, as he held it absolutely certain that
Merlin's promises could not lie. Full of these
thoughts and anxieties, they ascended a rising
ground wherefrom they descried their own
village, at the sight of which Sancho fell on his
knees exclaiming, "Open thine eyes, longed-for
home, and see how thy son Sancho Panza co-
mes back to thee, if not very rich, very well
whipped! Open thine arms and receive, too, thy
son Don Quixote, who, if he comes vanquished
by the arm of another, comes victor over him-
self, which, as he himself has told me, is the
greatest victory anyone can desire. I'm bringing
back money, for if I was well whipped, I went
mounted like a gentleman."
"Have done with these fooleries," said Don
Quixote; "let us push on straight and get to our
own place, where we will give free range to our
fancies, and settle our plans for our future pas-
toral life."
With this they descended the slope and di-
rected their steps to their village.
 CHAPTER LXXIII.

OF THE OMENS DON QUIXOTE

HAD AS HE ENTERED HIS OWN VI-
LLAGE, AND OTHER INCIDENTS
THAT EMBELLISH AND GIVE A CO-
LOUR TO THIS GREAT HISTORY

At the entrance of the village, so says Cide

Hamete, Don Quixote saw two boys quarrelling
on the village threshing-floor one of whom said
to the other, "Take it easy, Periquillo; thou shalt
never see it again as long as thou livest."
Don Quixote heard this, and said he to San-
cho, "Dost thou not mark, friend, what that boy
said, 'Thou shalt never see it again as long as
thou livest'?"
"Well," said Sancho, "what does it matter if
the boy said so?"
 "What!" said Don Quixote, "dost thou not see
that, applied to the object of my desires, the
words mean that I am never to see Dulcinea
more?"
Sancho was about to answer, when his atten-
tion was diverted by seeing a hare come flying
across the plain pursued by several greyhounds
and sportsmen. In its terror it ran to take shelter
and hide itself under Dapple. Sancho caught it
alive and presented it to Don Quixote, who was
saying, "Malum signum, malum signum! a hare
flies, greyhounds chase it, Dulcinea appears
not."
"Your worship's a strange man," said San-
cho; "let's take it for granted that this hare is
Dulcinea, and these greyhounds chasing it the
malignant enchanters who turned her into a
country wench; she flies, and I catch her and
put her into your worship's hands, and you
hold her in your arms and cherish her; what
bad sign is that, or what ill omen is there to be
found here?"
 The two boys who had been quarrelling ca-
me over to look at the hare, and Sancho asked
one of them what their quarrel was about. He
was answered by the one who had said, "Thou
shalt never see it again as long as thou livest,"
that he had taken a cage full of crickets from
the other boy, and did not mean to give it back
to him as long as he lived. Sancho took out four
cuartos from his pocket and gave them to the
boy for the cage, which he placed in Don
Quixote's hands, saying, "There, senor! there
are the omens broken and destroyed, and they
have no more to do with our affairs, to my
thinking, fool as I am, than with last year's
clouds; and if I remember rightly I have heard
the curate of our village say that it does not
become Christians or sensible people to give
any heed to these silly things; and even you
yourself said the same to me some time ago,
telling me that all Christians who minded
omens were fools; but there's no need of ma-
king words about it; let us push on and go into
our village."
The sportsmen came up and asked for their
hare, which Don Quixote gave them. They then
went on, and upon the green at the entrance of
the town they came upon the curate and the
bachelor Samson Carrasco busy with their bre-
viaries. It should be mentioned that Sancho had
thrown, by way of a sumpter-cloth, over Dap-
ple and over the bundle of armour, the buc-
kram robe painted with flames which they had
put upon him at the duke's castle the night Al-
tisidora came back to life. He had also fixed the
mitre on Dapple's head, the oddest transforma-
tion and decoration that ever ass in the world
underwent. They were at once recognised by
both the curate and the bachelor, who came
towards them with open arms. Don Quixote
dismounted and received them with a close
embrace; and the boys, who are lynxes that
nothing escapes, spied out the ass's mitre and
came running to see it, calling out to one anot-
her, "Come here, boys, and see Sancho Panza's
ass figged out finer than Mingo, and Don
Quixote's beast leaner than ever."
So at length, with the boys capering round
them, and accompanied by the curate and the
bachelor, they made their entrance into the
town, and proceeded to Don Quixote's house,
at the door of which they found his housekee-
per and niece, whom the news of his arrival
had already reached. It had been brought to
Teresa Panza, Sancho's wife, as well, and she
with her hair all loose and half naked, dragging
Sanchica her daughter by the hand, ran out to
meet her husband; but seeing him coming in by
no means as good case as she thought a gover-
nor ought to be, she said to him, "How is it you
come this way, husband? It seems to me you
come tramping and footsore, and looking more
like a disorderly vagabond than a governor."
"Hold your tongue, Teresa," said Sancho;
"often 'where there are pegs there are no flit-
ches;' let's go into the house and there you'll
hear strange things. I bring money, and that's
the main thing, got by my own industry wit-
hout wronging anybody."
"You bring the money, my good husband,"
said Teresa, "and no matter whether it was got
this way or that; for, however you may have
got it, you'll not have brought any new practice
into the world."
Sanchica embraced her father and asked him
if he brought her anything, for she had been
looking out for him as for the showers of May;
and she taking hold of him by the girdle on one
side, and his wife by the hand, while the
daughter led Dapple, they made for their hou-
se, leaving Don Quixote in his, in the hands of
his niece and housekeeper, and in the company
of the curate and the bachelor.
Don Quixote at once, without any regard to
time or season, withdrew in private with the
bachelor and the curate, and in a few words
told them of his defeat, and of the engagement
he was under not to quit his village for a year,
which he meant to keep to the letter without
departing a hair's breadth from it, as became a
knight-errant bound by scrupulous good faith
and the laws of knight-errantry; and of how he
thought of turning shepherd for that year, and
taking his diversion in the solitude of the fields,
where he could with perfect freedom give ran-
ge to his thoughts of love while he followed the
virtuous pastoral calling; and he besought
them, if they had not a great deal to do and
were not prevented by more important busi-
ness, to consent to be his companions, for he
would buy sheep enough to qualify them for
shepherds; and the most important point of the
whole affair, he could tell them, was settled, for
he had given them names that would fit them
to a T. The curate asked what they were. Don
Quixote replied that he himself was to be called
the shepherd Quixotize and the bachelor the
shepherd Carrascon, and the curate the shep-
herd Curambro, and Sancho Panza the shep-
herd Pancino.
 Both were astounded at Don Quixote's new
craze; however, lest he should once more make
off out of the village from them in pursuit of his
chivalry, they trusting that in the course of the
year he might be cured, fell in with his new
project, applauded his crazy idea as a bright
one, and offered to share the life with him.
"And what's more," said Samson Carrasco, "I
am, as all the world knows, a very famous poet,
and I'll be always making verses, pastoral, or
courtly, or as it may come into my head, to pass
away our time in those secluded regions where
we shall be roaming. But what is most needful,
sirs, is that each of us should choose the name
of the shepherdess he means to glorify in his
verses, and that we should not leave a tree, be it
ever so hard, without writing up and carving
her name on it, as is the habit and custom of
love-smitten shepherds."
"That's the very thing," said Don Quixote;
"though I am relieved from looking for the na-
me of an imaginary shepherdess, for there's the
peerless Dulcinea del Toboso, the glory of these
brooksides, the ornament of these meadows,
the mainstay of beauty, the cream of all the
graces, and, in a word, the being to whom all
praise is appropriate, be it ever so hyperboli-
cal."
"Very true," said the curate; "but we the ot-
hers must look about for accommodating shep-
herdesses that will answer our purpose one
way or another."
"And," added Samson Carrasco, "if they fail
us, we can call them by the names of the ones
in print that the world is filled with, Filidas,
Amarilises, Dianas, Fleridas, Galateas, Belisar-
das; for as they sell them in the market-places
we may fairly buy them and make them our
own. If my lady, or I should say my shepher-
dess, happens to be called Ana, I'll sing her
praises under the name of Anarda, and if Fran-
cisca, I'll call her Francenia, and if Lucia, Lu-
cinda, for it all comes to the same thing; and
Sancho Panza, if he joins this fraternity, may
glorify his wife Teresa Panza as Teresaina."
Don Quixote laughed at the adaptation of
the name, and the curate bestowed vast praise
upon the worthy and honourable resolution he
had made, and again offered to bear him com-
pany all the time that he could spare from his
imperative duties. And so they took their leave
of him, recommending and beseeching him to
take care of his health and treat himself to a
suitable diet.
It so happened his niece and the housekee-
per overheard all the three of them said; and as
soon as they were gone they both of them came
in to Don Quixote, and said the niece, "What's
this, uncle? Now that we were thinking you
had come back to stay at home and lead a quiet
respectable life there, are you going to get into
fresh entanglements, and turn 'young shep-
herd, thou that comest here, young shepherd
going there?' Nay! indeed 'the straw is too hard
now to make pipes of.'"
 "And," added the housekeeper, "will your
worship be able to bear, out in the fields, the
heats of summer, and the chills of winter, and
the howling of the wolves? Not you; for that's a
life and a business for hardy men, bred and
seasoned to such work almost from the time
they were in swaddling-clothes. Why, to make
choice of evils, it's better to be a knight-errant
than a shepherd! Look here, senor; take my
advice—and I'm not giving it to you full of bre-
ad and wine, but fasting, and with fifty years
upon my head—stay at home, look after your
affairs, go often to confession, be good to the
poor, and upon my soul be it if any evil comes
to you."
"Hold your peace, my daughters," said Don
Quixote; "I know very well what my duty is;
help me to bed, for I don't feel very well; and
rest assured that, knight-errant now or wande-
ring shepherd to be, I shall never fail to have a
care for your interests, as you will see in the
end." And the good wenches (for that they un-
doubtedly were), the housekeeper and niece,
helped him to bed, where they gave him so-
mething to eat and made him as comfortable as
possible.

CHAPTER LXXIV.

OF HOW DON QUIXOTE FELL

SICK, AND OF THE WILL HE MADE,
AND HOW HE DIED

As nothing that is man's can last for ever,

but all tends ever downwards from its begin-
ning to its end, and above all man's life, and as
Don Quixote's enjoyed no special dispensation
from heaven to stay its course, its end and close
came when he least looked for it. For-whether it
was of the dejection the thought of his defeat
produced, or of heaven's will that so ordered
it—a fever settled upon him and kept him in
his bed for six days, during which he was often
visited by his friends the curate, the bachelor,
and the barber, while his good squire Sancho
Panza never quitted his bedside. They, persua-
ded that it was grief at finding himself van-
quished, and the object of his heart, the libera-
tion and disenchantment of Dulcinea, unattai-
ned, that kept him in this state, strove by all the
means in their power to cheer him up; the ba-
chelor bidding him take heart and get up to
begin his pastoral life, for which he himself, he
said, had already composed an eclogue that
would take the shine out of all Sannazaro had
ever written, and had bought with his own
money two famous dogs to guard the flock, one
called Barcino and the other Butron, which a
herdsman of Quintanar had sold him.
But for all this Don Quixote could not shake
off his sadness. His friends called in the doctor,
who felt his pulse and was not very well satis-
fied with it, and said that in any case it would
be well for him to attend to the health of his
soul, as that of his body was in a bad way. Don
Quixote heard this calmly; but not so his hou-
sekeeper, his niece, and his squire, who fell
weeping bitterly, as if they had him lying dead
before them. The doctor's opinion was that me-
lancholy and depression were bringing him to
his end. Don Quixote begged them to leave him
to himself, as he had a wish to sleep a little.
They obeyed, and he slept at one stretch, as the
saying is, more than six hours, so that the hou-
sekeeper and niece thought he was going to
sleep for ever. But at the end of that time he
woke up, and in a loud voice exclaimed, "Bles-
sed be Almighty God, who has shown me such
goodness. In truth his mercies are boundless,
and the sins of men can neither limit them nor
keep them back!"
The niece listened with attention to her un-
cle's words, and they struck her as more co-
herent than what usually fell from him, at least
during his illness, so she asked, "What are you
saying, senor? Has anything strange occurred?
What mercies or what sins of men are you tal-
king of?"
"The mercies, niece," said Don Quixote, "are
those that God has this moment shown me, and
with him, as I said, my sins are no impediment
to them. My reason is now free and clear, rid of
the dark shadows of ignorance that my unhap-
py constant study of those detestable books of
chivalry cast over it. Now I see through their
absurdities and deceptions, and it only grieves
me that this destruction of my illusions has
come so late that it leaves me no time to make
some amends by reading other books that
might be a light to my soul. Niece, I feel myself
at the point of death, and I would fain meet it
in such a way as to show that my life has not
been so ill that I should leave behind me the
name of a madman; for though I have been one,
I would not that the fact should be made plai-
ner at my death. Call in to me, my dear, my
good friends the curate, the bachelor Samson
Carrasco, and Master Nicholas the barber, for I
wish to confess and make my will." But his nie-
ce was saved the trouble by the entrance of the
three. The instant Don Quixote saw them he
exclaimed, "Good news for you, good sirs, that
I am no longer Don Quixote of La Mancha, but
Alonso Quixano, whose way of life won for
him the name of Good. Now am I the enemy of
Amadis of Gaul and of the whole countless
troop of his descendants; odious to me now are
all the profane stories of knight-errantry; now I
perceive my folly, and the peril into which rea-
ding them brought me; now, by God's mercy
schooled into my right senses, I loathe them."
When the three heard him speak in this way,
they had no doubt whatever that some new
craze had taken possession of him; and said
Samson, "What? Senor Don Quixote! Now that
we have intelligence of the lady Dulcinea being
disenchanted, are you taking this line; now, just
as we are on the point of becoming shepherds,
to pass our lives singing, like princes, are you
thinking of turning hermit? Hush, for heaven's
sake, be rational and let's have no more non-
sense."
"All that nonsense," said Don Quixote, "that
until now has been a reality to my hurt, my
death will, with heaven's help, turn to my go-
od. I feel, sirs, that I am rapidly drawing near
death; a truce to jesting; let me have a confessor
to confess me, and a notary to make my will;
for in extremities like this, man must not trifle
with his soul; and while the curate is confessing
me let some one, I beg, go for the notary."
They looked at one another, wondering at
Don Quixote's words; but, though uncertain,
they were inclined to believe him, and one of
the signs by which they came to the conclusion
he was dying was this so sudden and complete
return to his senses after having been mad; for
to the words already quoted he added much
more, so well expressed, so devout, and so ra-
tional, as to banish all doubt and convince them
that he was sound of mind. The curate turned
them all out, and left alone with him confessed
him. The bachelor went for the notary and re-
turned shortly afterwards with him and with
Sancho, who, having already learned from the
bachelor the condition his master was in, and
finding the housekeeper and niece weeping,
began to blubber and shed tears.
The confession over, the curate came out sa-
ying, "Alonso Quixano the Good is indeed
dying, and is indeed in his right mind; we may
now go in to him while he makes his will."
This news gave a tremendous impulse to the
brimming eyes of the housekeeper, niece, and
Sancho Panza his good squire, making the tears
burst from their eyes and a host of sighs from
their hearts; for of a truth, as has been said mo-
re than once, whether as plain Alonso Quixano
the Good, or as Don Quixote of La Mancha,
Don Quixote was always of a gentle disposition
and kindly in all his ways, and hence he was
beloved, not only by those of his own house,
but by all who knew him.
The notary came in with the rest, and as so-
on as the preamble of the had been set out and
Don Quixote had commended his soul to God
with all the devout formalities that are usual,
coming to the bequests, he said, "Item, it is my
will that, touching certain moneys in the hands
of Sancho Panza (whom in my madness I made
my squire), inasmuch as between him and me
there have been certain accounts and debits and
credits, no claim be made against him, nor any
account demanded of him in respect of them;
but that if anything remain over and above,
after he has paid himself what I owe him, the
balance, which will be but little, shall be his,
and much good may it do him; and if, as when
I was mad I had a share in giving him the go-
vernment of an island, so, now that I am in my
senses, I could give him that of a kingdom, it
should be his, for the simplicity of his character
and the fidelity of his conduct deserve it." And
then, turning to Sancho, he said, "Forgive me,
my friend, that I led thee to seem as mad as
myself, making thee fall into the same error I
myself fell into, that there were and still are
knights-errant in the world."
"Ah!" said Sancho weeping, "don't die, mas-
ter, but take my advice and live many years; for
the foolishest thing a man can do in this life is
to let himself die without rhyme or reason, wit-
hout anybody killing him, or any hands but
melancholy's making an end of him. Come,
don't be lazy, but get up from your bed and let
us take to the fields in shepherd's trim as we
agreed. Perhaps behind some bush we shall
find the lady Dulcinea disenchanted, as fine as
fine can be. If it be that you are dying of vexa-
tion at having been vanquished, lay the blame
on me, and say you were overthrown because I
had girthed Rocinante badly; besides you must
have seen in your books of chivalry that it is a
common thing for knights to upset one another,
and for him who is conquered to-day to be
conqueror tomorrow."
"Very true," said Samson, "and good Sancho
Panza's view of these cases is quite right."
"Sirs, not so fast," said Don Quixote, "'in last
year's nests there are no birds this year.' I was
mad, now I am in my senses; I was Don Quixo-
te of La Mancha, I am now, as I said, Alonso
Quixano the Good; and may my repentance
and sincerity restore me to the esteem you used
to have for me; and now let Master Notary pro-
ceed.
"Item, I leave all my property absolutely to
Antonia Quixana my niece, here present, after
all has been deducted from the most available
portion of it that may be required to satisfy the
bequests I have made. And the first disburse-
ment I desire to be made is the payment of the
wages I owe for the time my housekeeper has
served me, with twenty ducats, over and above,
for a gown. The curate and the bachelor Sam-
son Carrasco, now present, I appoint my execu-
tors.
"Item, it is my wish that if Antonia Quixana,
my niece, desires to marry, she shall marry a
man of whom it shall be first of all ascertained
by information taken that he does not know
what books of chivalry are; and if it should be
proved that he does, and if, in spite of this, my
niece insists upon marrying him, and does ma-
rry him, then that she shall forfeit the whole of
what I have left her, which my executors shall
devote to works of charity as they please.
"Item, I entreat the aforesaid gentlemen my
executors, that, if any happy chance should
lead them to discover the author who is said to
have written a history now going about under
the title of 'Second Part of the Achievements of
Don Quixote of La Mancha,' they beg of him on
my behalf as earnestly as they can to forgive me
for having been, without intending it, the cause
of his writing so many and such monstrous
absurdities as he has written in it; for I am lea-
ving the world with a feeling of compunction at
having provoked him to write them."
With this he closed his will, and a faintness
coming over him he stretched himself out at
full length on the bed. All were in a flutter and
made haste to relieve him, and during the three
days he lived after that on which he made his
will he fainted away very often. The house was
all in confusion; but still the niece ate and the
housekeeper drank and Sancho Panza enjoyed
himself; for inheriting property wipes out or
softens down in the heir the feeling of grief the
dead man might be expected to leave behind
him.
At last Don Quixote's end came, after he had
received all the sacraments, and had in full and
forcible terms expressed his detestation of bo-
oks of chivalry. The notary was there at the
time, and he said that in no book of chivalry
had he ever read of any knight-errant dying in
his bed so calmly and so like a Christian as Don
Quixote, who amid the tears and lamentations
of all present yielded up his spirit, that is to say
died. On perceiving it the curate begged the
notary to bear witness that Alonso Quixano the
Good, commonly called Don Quixote of La
Mancha, had passed away from this present
life, and died naturally; and said he desired this
testimony in order to remove the possibility of
any other author save Cide Hamete Benengeli
bringing him to life again falsely and making
interminable stories out of his achievements.
Such was the end of the Ingenious Gentle-
man of La Mancha, whose village Cide Hamete
would not indicate precisely, in order to leave
all the towns and villages of La Mancha to con-
tend among themselves for the right to adopt
him and claim him as a son, as the seven cities
of Greece contended for Homer. The lamenta-
tions of Sancho and the niece and housekeeper
are omitted here, as well as the new epitaphs
upon his tomb; Samson Carrasco, however, put
the following lines:
 A doughty gentleman lies here;
A stranger all his life to fear;
Nor in his death could Death prevail,
In that last hour, to make him quail.
He for the world but little cared;
And at his feats the world was scared;
A crazy man his life he passed,
But in his senses died at last.
And said most sage Cide Hamete to his pen,
"Rest here, hung up by this brass wire, upon
this shelf, O my pen, whether of skilful make or
clumsy cut I know not; here shalt thou remain
long ages hence, unless presumptuous or ma-
lignant story-tellers take thee down to profane
thee. But ere they touch thee warn them, and,
as best thou canst, say to them:
Hold off! ye weaklings; hold your hands!
Adventure it let none,
For this emprise, my lord the king,
Was meant for me alone.
For me alone was Don Quixote born, and I
for him; it was his to act, mine to write; we two
together make but one, notwithstanding and in
spite of that pretended Tordesillesque writer
who has ventured or would venture with his
great, coarse, ill-trimmed ostrich quill to write
the achievements of my valiant knight;—no
burden for his shoulders, nor subject for his
frozen wit: whom, if perchance thou shouldst
come to know him, thou shalt warn to leave at
rest where they lie the weary mouldering bones
of Don Quixote, and not to attempt to carry
him off, in opposition to all the privileges of
death, to Old Castile, making him rise from the
grave where in reality and truth he lies stret-
ched at full length, powerless to make any third
expedition or new sally; for the two that he has
already made, so much to the enjoyment and
approval of everybody to whom they have be-
come known, in this as well as in foreign coun-
tries, are quite sufficient for the purpose of tur-
ning into ridicule the whole of those made by
the whole set of the knights-errant; and so
doing shalt thou discharge thy Christian ca-
lling, giving good counsel to one that bears ill-
will to thee. And I shall remain satisfied, and
proud to have been the first who has ever enjo-
yed the fruit of his writings as fully as he could
desire; for my desire has been no other than to
deliver over to the detestation of mankind the
false and foolish tales of the books of chivalry,
which, thanks to that of my true Don Quixote,
are even now tottering, and doubtless doomed
to fall for ever. Farewell."