Assignment 3 (Measurable Functions)

1. State TRUE or FALSE giving proper justification for each of the following statements.
(a) If f : R → R is continuous m-a.e. on R, then there exists a continuous function g : R → R
such that f = g m-a.e. on R.
(b) If f : R → R is continuous and if g : R → R is such that f = g m-a.e. on R, then g must
be continuous m-a.e. on R.
(c) If f : R → R and g : R → R are continuous such that f = g m-a.e. on R, then it is
necessary that f (x) = g(x) for all x ∈ R.
(d) There exists a continuous function f : R → R such that f = χ[0,1] m-a.e. on R.
(e) An almost everywhere vanishing Lebesgue measurable function need not be continuous.
(f) Let f : (X, S, µ) → R be a bounded function. Then µ (f −1 {−∞}) > 0.
(g) Let fn : (R, M, m) → R be defined by fn = n1 χ(0,n) . Then fn → 0 uniformly.
(h) Let |f | be measurable on (X, S, µ). Then f measurable.
(i) Let f : (X, S, µ) → R be bounded a.e. Then f measurable.
2. Let (X,A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R be A-measurable. For each x ∈ X, let
f (x) if |f (x)| ≤ 5,
g(x) = Show that g : X → R is A-measurable.
0 if |f (x)| > 5.
3. Let (X,A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R be A-measurable. For each x ∈ X, let
0 if f (x) ∈ Q,
g(x) = Show that g : X → R is A-measurable.
1 if f (x) ∈ R \ Q.
4. Let f : [a, b] → R be Lebesgue measurable. Let N = {x ∈ [a, b] : f (x) = 0}. Show that
g = χN + f1 χN c is Lebesgue measurable.
5. Show that fn (x) = e−n(1−cos x) converges to 0 a.e. m on R. Find an interval in R where the
sequence fn converges to 0 uniformly.
6. Let fn : (R, M, m) → R be defined by fn = χ(n,n+1) . Show that fn → 0 point wise but not
uniformly.
7. Let E ⊂ M(R) with m(E) < ∞. If {fn } is a sequence of Lebesgue measurable functions on E
such that |fn (x)| ≤ Mx < ∞, ∀x ∈ E and ∀ n ≥ 1. Prove that for any  > 0, there exists a
compact set K ⊂ E such that {fn } is uniformly bounded on K, where m(E r K) < .
1 if xy ∈ Q,

2 2
8. Let f : (R , M (R ), m) → R be given by f (x, y) =
0 otherwise.
Show that f is Lebesgue measurable.

2 1 if x + y ∈ Q,
9. Let Q denotes set of rationals. Let f : R → R be given by f (x, y) =
0 otherwise.
Show that f is Lebesgue measurable.
10. Let f : X → R be an almost bounded measurable function on a complete measure space
(X, S, µ). Then for An = {x ∈ X : |f (x)| > n}, show that lim µ(An ) = 0.
n→∞

11. Let (X, A, µ) be a measure space with µ(X) < ∞ and let f : X → R be measurable. Let
An = {x ∈ X : |f (x)| > n}. Show that An is A-measurable and lim µ(An ) = 0.
12. If (X, A) is a measurable space, then show that f : X → [−∞, +∞] is A-measurable iff
{x ∈ X : f (x) > r} ∈ A for each r ∈ Q.
1
13. Let E be a Lebesgue measurable subset of R with m(E) = ∞. Define a function f : R → [0, ∞)
by f (x) = m{E ∩ (0, |x|)}. Show that f is continuous.
∞
P
14. For an ≥ 0, define a function f on R by f = an χ(n,n+1) . Show that the set of discontinuities
n=0
of f is Lebesgue measurable.

k
space and f : X → [0, 1]. Then show
15. Let (X,S, µ) be a measurable
n
that f is measurable if and
only if x ∈ X : f (x) > 2n is measurable ∀ k = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2 and ∀ n ∈ N.
16. Let fn , f be real valued measurable functions on R. Let E = {x ∈ R : lim fn (x) = f (x)}.
Show that E is Lebesgue measurable.
17. Let f : [0, 1] → R be defined by
x sin x1

if 0 < x ≤ 1,
f (x) =
0 if x = 0.
Find the measure of the set {x ∈ [0, 1] : f (x) ≥ 0}.
18. Let (X, A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R be A-measurable. If g : R → R is
continuous, then show that g ◦ f is A-measurable.
19. Let (X, A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R, g : X → R be A-measurable. If G is an
open subset of R2 , then show that {x ∈ X : (f (x), g(x)) ∈ G} is A-measurable.
20. If f : R → R is continuous m-a.e. on R, then show that f is Lebesgue measurable.
21. If f : R → R is a differentiable function, then show that f 0 : R → R is Lebesgue measurable.
22. Let f : R2 → R be such that f (x, .) and f (., y) are measurable. Prove/disprove that f is
Lebesgue measurable.
23. Let f : R2 → R be such that f (x, .) is measurable and f (., y) is continuous. Show that f is
Lebesgue measurable.
24. Let f, g : X → R. Define ϕ(x) = (f (x), g(x)) . Then show that f and g are measurable if and
only if ϕ is measurable.
25. Let f : R → R. Suppose for each  > 0 there exists an open set O such that m(O) <  and f
is constant on R r O. Show that f is Lebesgue measurable.
26. Let f : R → R be Lebesgue measurable. Show that {x ∈ R : f is continuous at x } is Lebesgue
measurable.
27. Let f : R → R be a continuous one-one and onto map. Then show that f maps Borel sets onto
Borel sets.
28. Let f : R → R be a one to one onto continuous function. Show that F is a Fσ set if and only
if f (F ) is a Fσ set.
 1
if x ∈ C \ {0},
29. Let C be the Cantor’s ternary set. Define f : [0, 1] → R by f (x) = x
0 otherwise.
Show that f is Lebesgue measurable. By letting C has a non-Borel measurable subset, construct
a Lebesgue measurable function which is not Borel measurable.
30. Let f : (a, b) → R be a continuous bijection function. Then a Lebesgue measurable E ⊂ (a, b)
satisfies m(E) = 0 implies m(f (E)) = 0 if and only if for every Lebesgue measurable subset
A ⊂ (a, b) the set f (A) is Lebesgue measurable.