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Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology: 2020/2021 Sheet (2) Spring Elements

This document contains a series of problems related to modeling mechanical systems using spring, mass, and damping elements. It includes 15 problems involving calculating equivalent spring constants for systems with springs connected in various configurations, determining equivalent mass for systems with rotating links, and deriving an expression for the damping constant of a journal bearing. The problems are accompanied by diagrams illustrating the mechanical systems under consideration.

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khaled mohamed
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208 views6 pages

Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology: 2020/2021 Sheet (2) Spring Elements

This document contains a series of problems related to modeling mechanical systems using spring, mass, and damping elements. It includes 15 problems involving calculating equivalent spring constants for systems with springs connected in various configurations, determining equivalent mass for systems with rotating links, and deriving an expression for the damping constant of a journal bearing. The problems are accompanied by diagrams illustrating the mechanical systems under consideration.

Uploaded by

khaled mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology

Department: Mechatronics
Course Code & Title: EME 302 & Mechanical Vibration 2020/2021
Supervised by: Dr Hany Mohamed Arnaoot
Sheet (2)
Spring Elements
1. A hoisting drum, carrying a steel wire rope, is mounted at the end of a cantilever beam as shown in Fig.1
Determine the equivalent spring constant of the system when the suspended length of the wire rope is l.
Assume that the net cross-sectional diameter of the wire rope is d and the Young s modulus of the beam
and the wire rope is E.

Figure.1 Hoisting drum

2. A hinged rigid bar of length l is connected by two springs of stiffnesses and and is subjected to a force
F as shown in Fig.2 . Assuming that the angular displacement of the bar is small, find the equivalent
spring constant of the system that relates the applied force F to the resulting displacement x.

Figure.2 Rigid bar connected by springs

3. Derive the expression for the equivalent spring constant that relates the applied force F to the resulting
displacement x of the system shown in Fig.3 . Assume the displacement of the link to be small.

Figure.3 Rigid bar connected by springs


4. Figure.4 shows a uniform rigid bar of mass m that is pivoted at point O and connected by springs of
stiffnesses and Considering a small angular displacement of the rigid bar about the point O, determine
the equivalent spring constant associated with the restoring moment.

Figure.4 Rigid bar connected by springs

5. The boom AB of the crane shown in Fig.5 is a uniform steel bar of length 10 m and area of cross
section A weight W is suspended while the crane is stationary. The cable CDEBF is made of steel and
has a cross-sectional area of Neglecting the effect of the cable CDEB, find the equivalent spring
constant of the system in the vertical direction.

Figure.5 The boom AB of the crane

6. The static equilibrium position of a massless rigid bar, hinged at point O and connected with springs
and is shown in Fig.6 . Assuming that the displacement (x) resulting from the application of a force F
at point A is small, find the equivalent spring constant of the system, that relates the applied force k F
to the displacement x as 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑒 𝑥.

Figure.6 Rigid bar connected by springs


7. Find the equivalent spring constant of the system shown in Fig.7

Figure.7 Springs connected in series-parallel

8. Determine the equivalent spring constant of the system shown in Fig.8 .

Figure.8 Springs in series-parallel.

9. Find the equivalent spring constant of a uniform rod of length l, cross-sectional area A, and Young s
modulus E subjected to an axial tensile (or compressive) force F as shown in Fig.9 (a).

Figure.9 Spring constant of a rod

10. Determine the torsional spring constant of the steel propeller shaft shown in Fig.10.

Figure.10 Propeller shaft


11. Figure.11 shows a three-stepped shaft fixed at one end and subjected to a torsional moment T at the
other end. The length of step 𝑖 is 𝑙𝑖 and its diameter is 𝐷𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3 All the steps are made of the same
material with shear modulus 𝐺𝑖 = 𝐺, 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3
a. Find the torsional spring constant (or stiffness) of step 𝑘𝑡𝑖 (𝑖 = 1, 2, 3).
b. Find the equivalent torsional spring constant (or stiffness) of the stepped shaft, 𝑘𝑡𝑒𝑞 , so that
𝑇 = 𝑘𝑡𝑒𝑞 𝜃
c. Indicate whether the steps behave as series or parallel torsional springs.

Figure.11 A stepped shaft subjected to torsional moment.

12. A composite propeller shaft, made of steel and aluminum, is shown in Fig.12. a. Determine the
torsional spring constant of the shaft. b. Determine the torsional spring constant of the composite shaft
when the inner diameter of the aluminum tube is 5 cm instead of 10 cm.

Figure.12 A composite propeller shaft

13. The force-deflection characteristic of a spring is described by 𝐹(𝑥) = 500 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 3 where the force (F)
is in Newtons and the deflection (x) is in millimeters. Find
(a) the linearized spring constant at 𝑥 = 10 𝑚𝑚
(b) the spring forces at and using the linearized spring constant. Also find
(c) the error in the spring forces found in (b).

14. An electronic instrument, weighing 200 lb, is supported on a rubber mounting whose forcedeflection
relationship is given by 𝐹(𝑥) = 800 𝑥 + 40 𝑥 3 where the force (F) and the deflection (x) are in pounds
and inches, respectively. Determine the following:
a. Equivalent linear spring constant of the mounting at its static equilibrium position.
b. Deflection of the mounting corresponding to the equivalent linear spring constant.

15. The force-deflection relation of a steel helical spring used in an engine is found experimentally as
𝐹(𝑥) = 200 𝑥 + 50 𝑥 2 + 10 𝑥 3 where the force (F) and deflection (x) are measured in pounds and
inches, respectively. If the spring undergoes a steady deflection of 0.5 in. during the operation of the
engine, determine the equivalent linear spring constant of the spring at its steady deflection.
Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology
Department: Mechatronics
Course Code & Title: EME 302 & Mechanical Vibration 2020/2021
Supervised by: Dr Hany Mohamed Arnaoot
Sheet (3)
Mass Or Inertia Elements
1. Find the equivalent mass of the system shown in Fig. 1.38, where the rigid link 1 is attached to the
pulley and rotates with it.

2.

System considered for finding equivalent mass.


Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology
Department: Mechatronics
Course Code & Title: EME 302 & Mechanical Vibration 2020/2021
Supervised by: Dr Hany Mohamed Arnaoot
Sheet (4)
Damping Elements
1. A journal bearing is used to provide lateral support to a rotating shaft as shown in Fig. 1.43. If the
radius of the shaft is R, angular velocity of the shaft is radial clearance between the shaft and the
bearing is d, viscosity of the fluid (lubricant) is and the length of the bearing is l, derive an
expression for the rotational damping constant of the journal bearing. Assume that the leakage of
the fluid is negligible.

A journal bearing.

2.

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